Nine Seventy Six magazine, No. 4

¹ 004 Burning down the commodity craze Õýðõýí IPO õèéõ âý: õªòª× Eating sheep’s head in Ulaanbaatar Ìóó íýð õóñàâ× àðèëàõã¯é Love in the steppes: classic rom coms

Special edition

2-in-1

Ìîíãîë

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English

L A C I POL I T I E S PART ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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Àìòòàé àìüäàðúÿ!

@EsDalanZurgaa

www.facebook.com/esdalanzurgaa

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

www.esdalanzurgaa.mn Óòàñ: 50010976

info@esdalanzurgaa.mn

ÇÀÕÈÀËÃÀ DIGITAL EDITION Çàõèàëãûí ¿íý: ¯íäñýí çàõèàëãà: 14700¥ (3 äóãààð) Íýìýëò çàõèàëãà: 9800¥ (2 äóãààð) Ìîíãîë Øóóäàí: 214426 òîîò èíäýêñ

esdalanzurgaa.book.gogo.mn “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ëèéí á¿õ äóãààð îíëàéí òàâèãäëàà! ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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SPECIAL ENGLISH INSERT

LOVE IN THE STEPPES: CLASSIC ROM COMS

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PIECES OF MONGOLIA 43 BURNING DOWN THE COMMODITY CRAZE 10 A NOMAD’S HOMECOMING

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EATING SHEEP’S HEAD IN ULAANBAATAR

POLITICAL PARTIES

101 p.12

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ÁÀÃÀÍÀ Numbers: The mighty yearbook.....6 OPINION: Mananas (is soon enough for me).......................8 Multitasking in Mongolia...9 Burning down the commodity craze..................10 POLITICS: Political parties 101...........12 ÒÎÎÍÎ ART: Eating sheep’s head in Ulaanbaatar................................24 FILM: Love in the steppes: 7 classic Mongolian rom coms.....................32 MUSIC: Bee FM - Bee hive deejays..35 Mongolian Bling......................36 ÀÂÄÀÐ GUIDE: 9 tips for surviving without

hot water.....................................40 CHEAP&CHIC: Pieces of Mongolia...43 GREAT HOMES: Orange is the

new pink......................45 REVIEW: Caffeine in the city of the red hero..........................48 FASHION: Mongolian magic..............49 TRAVEL: A nomad’s homecoming......58

ÀÃ Ó ÓËÃÀ

ÒÎÎ

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Õàìãèéí òîì IPO

300 280 260

$259.0

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240 220

$700

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160

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140

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346

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“Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ë Ìîíãîëûí êîìïàíèóä ãàäíû õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéã çîðèõ áîëñíûã òîõèîëäóóëàí äýëõèéí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ò¿¿õýí äýõ õàìãèéí òîì IPO-óóäûã òàíèëöóóëæ áàéíà. Ýíý çóí Õÿòàäûí պ人 Àæ Àõóéí Áàíê Øàíõàéí õºðºíãèéí áèðæ, Õîíãêîíãèéí õºðºíãèéí áèðæ äýýð äàâõàð õóâüöàà ãàðãàñíààð 22.1 òýðáóì àì.äîëëàð áîñãîñîí íü ò¿¿õýí äýõ õàìãèéí òîì IPO áîëæýý. Æàãñààëòûí “òîï 10”-ò Âèçà, ÍÒÒ ÄîÊîÌî, Ðîñíåôòü çýðýã êîìïàíèóäûí àðèëæàà áàãòñàí áàéíà.

279

67

2004

2005

2006

2007

2010

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Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Reuters, Good ñýòã¿¿ë

2010

1

$22.1

2006

$21.9

òýðáóì

Agricultural Bank of China

2

2008

$19.2

òýðáóì

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ÛÍ 13.7 ª 10 Õàìãèéí òîì IPO ÉÍÀ $

òýðáóì

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp.

10

2010 îíû X, XI-ð cap

7

$13.0

4

1999

$18.4

5

ªíãºðñºí æèë 1.8 ñàÿ òîíí í¿¿ðñ îëáîðëîñîí “Ýíåðæè Ðåñóðñ” ýíý æèë 3.8 ñàÿ òîííûã îëáîðëîõûã çîðüæ áàéãàà þì áàéíà. Bloomberg èéí ìýäýýëñíýýð, “Mongolian Mining Corp”-ûí ýçýä êîìïàíèéõàà 20 îð÷èì õóâü áóþó 702 ñàÿ àì.äîëëàðûí õóâüöààã Õîíãêîíãèéí áèðæ äýýð õóäàëäàõ ãýíý. Õóâüöààíû ¿íýëãýý íü àíõ òºëºâëºæ áàéñíààñ 3 õóâèàð ºñ÷ýý.

$17.4

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Ente Nazionale per L’Energia Elettrica

NTT Mobile Comm.

Network

2006

8

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2006

$11.1

$11.2

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16

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$10.6

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Dai-ichi Life insurance

Rosneft

Ìóó íýð õóñàâ÷ àðèëàõã¿é

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

MCS ãðóïï “Mongolian Mining Corp”-ûí õàìãèéí òîì õóâüöà ýçýìøèã÷ õýâýýð ¿ëäýõ áà íèé õóâüöààíû 45.3 õóâèéã ýçýìøè àæýý. IPO àìæèëòòàé ÿâàãäñà òîõèîëäîëä “Mongolian Minin Corp”-èéí çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýëãýý 3.5 òýðáóì àì.äîëëàðòàé òýíöýõ þì.

“MCS”-èéí çàõèðëóóä òóí óäàõã¿é Àçèéí òýðáóìòíóóäûí æàãñààëòàä áè÷èãäýõ áîëîëòî

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÌÓÓ ÍÝÐ

ÕÓÑÀÂ× ÀÐÈËÀÕïÉ

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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Ìîíãîëûí ìºí㺠õààíà áàéíà?

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33

26

Çýâýðñýí åðòºíö

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÑÀ

Áèä óóë óóðõàéí òîìîîõîí òºñë¿¿äýý õýðýãæ¿¿ëýõèéí òóëä IPO õèéõ çàìààð îëîí ÓÓË ÓÓÐÕÀÉ óëñûí õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëýýñ ìºí㺠áîñãîõûã çîðüæ áóé. Îéðûí õóãàöààíä Òàâàí òîëãîé òºñëèéí õ¿ðýýíä õýä õýäýí IPO õèéãäýõ ìàãàäëàëòà áàéãààãààñ òóñ îðä ãàçðûí Óõàà õóäàã õýñýãò ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëäàã “Ýíåðæè Ðåñóðñ” ÕÕÊ èðýõ 10-ð ñàðä Õîíãêîíãèéí õºðºíãèéí áèðæ äýýð õóâüöàà ãàðãàõ ãýæ áàéí Òóñ êîìïàíè ñàÿõàí “Mongolian Mining Corp” õýìýýí íýðý ººð÷èëñºí áèëýý.

ÎÍÖËÎÕ ÑÝÄÝÂ

Ýíý îíû 5-ð ñàðä Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààã ñàéæðóóëàõ çîðèëãîîð òýðáóì òýðáóì ìåíåæìåíòèéí õóâü÷ëàë õèéõ íýýëòòýé òåíäåð çàðëàãäñàí áèëýý. Òåíäåðèéí ýöñèéí ä¿í õàðààõàí ãàðààã¿é áàéãàà ÷, Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà óäàõã¿é ýð÷èìæèõ áîëîâ óó ãýñýí õ¿ëýýëò õýäèéí áèé áîëæýý.

Bank of China Deutsche Telekom AG Èéìä “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ë Ìîíãîëûí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí òàëààð äàðààõ íèéòëýëèéã áýëòãýëýý. Ìîíãîë÷óóäûí ìºí㺠õààíà ýðãýëäýæ áàéíà âý?

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1998

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̺íãºòýé õ¿í ë áèçíåñ õèéäýã ãýñýí îéëãîëò áàéäàã. Õýðýâ ýíý ¿íýí áàéñàí áîë áèä ºíºº õèð õ¿é íýãäëýýðýý àìüäàð÷ áàéõ áàéñàí áîëîâ óó. Çàðèì õ¿ì¿¿ñ ìºíãèéã õóðèìòëóóëæ ÷àääàã áîë çàðèì íü ò¿¿íèéã ¿ðæ¿¿ëæ ÷àääàã. Ýäèéí çàñàãò õóðèìòëàãäñàí ìºí㺠õàìãèéí àøèãòàé ñàëáàðò 1986 1996 ýðãýëòýä îðñíîîð ýäèéí çàñàã õºãæäºã áèëýý. Òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ ýäèéí çàñãèéí õºãæèëä ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýë áóþó ýð¿¿ë ÷èéðýã áàíêíû ñàëáàð áîëîí ýðãýëò ñàéòàé õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýë ÷óõàë ¿¿ðýãòýé.

6

3

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Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

ÒÎÎ

2010 îíû X, XI-p cap

5

“ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ” ÑÝÒï¯Ë

76 “ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ” ÑÝÒï¯Ë ¹ 004 2010 îíû 10, 11-ð ñàð Åðºíõèé ýðõëýã÷

Áàòáàÿðûí ÆÀÐÃÀËÀÍ Åðºíõèé äèçàéíåð Áàòáîëäûí ÌÀÍÄÀÀ Çàãâàðûí ýðõëýã÷ Áàÿñàõûí ÍÎÌÓÍÃÝÐÝË

ÝÐÕËÝÃ×ÈÉÍ ¯Ã > ¯ä äóíä. Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí àìüäðàë èä áóöàëæ áàéíà. Ò¿ãæðýë äóíä ãàöñàí õ¿ì¿¿ñ á¿ãä õàà íýãýí òèéø ÿàð÷ ÿâàà íü èëò. Óöààðòàéãààð óòñààð ÿðèõ, öî÷òîë ñèãíààëäàõ ÷èìýýíä ÷èõ ÿäðàâ÷ ýöýñ òºãñãºëã¿é óðñàõ õ¿ì¿¿í, ìàøèíû ýíý èõ öóâàà ººðèéí ýðõã¿é ñýòãýë äîãäëóóëíà. Òýä õààøàà ÿàðíà âý? Óëààíáààòàð àñàð èõ ýð÷ õ¿÷òýé õîò. Ýíý óòãààðàà Óëààíáààòàð Íüþ Éîðê, Òîêèî, Ëîíäîíòîé àãààð íýã. Ýíä ÿìàð íýã ÷óõàë ¿éë õýðýã ºðíºæ áóé íü èëò. Ýíä ºäºð á¿ð øèíý õýëöýë õèéãäýæ, øèíý áàðèëãà ñ¿íäýðëýæ, øèíý àìüäðàë ýõýëäýã. Ýíä ºäºð á¿ð öîî øèíý õ¿ì¿¿ñòýé öîî øèíý ñýäâýýð ÿðèëöàõ áîëîìæ áèé. Ýíý óäààãèéí äóãààðàà áèä Ìîíãîë, Àíãëè õýë äýýð áýëòãýëýý. Ó÷èð íü Ìîíãîëûí íèéñëýë àëü õýäèéí äýëõèéí õîò áîëæýý. Õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷èä ìàíàé óëñûã ñîíèðõîõûí õèðýýð Óëààíáààòàðò õèéãäñýí øèéäâýð Õîíãêîíã, Òîðîíòîä íºëººëºõ áîëîìæòîé áîëæ áàéíà. Áèä ÷óõàì ýíý ¿åä Ìîíãîëä àìüäàð÷ áàéãààãààðàà àçòàé. Ìîíãîëûí õºäºëãºõ õ¿÷ þó âý? Áèä ÿìàð àæèë õèéæ, ÿàæ àìüäàð÷ áàéíà âý? Áèä þó ìºðººäºæ, þó õ¿ñäýã âý? Áèä õààøàà ÿàðíà âý? “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ë ýäãýýð àñóóëòàä õàðèóëàõûã çîðüäîã. Òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ áèä ýíý óäààä Ìîíãîëûí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí òºëºâ áàéäàë áîëîí óëñ òºðèéí íàìóóäûí ò¿¿õýí çàìíàë çýðýã öàã ¿åèéí òóëãàìäñàí ñýäâèéã îíöãîéëîí õºíäñºí þì. Íàìðûí íàëãàð øàð ºäð¿¿ä àìòòàé áàéõ áîëòóãàé! Á.Æàðãàëàí

6

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

Ðåäàêòîð ̺íõñàéõàíû ÁÎËÎÐ Ñýòã¿¿ë÷èä Çîëáàÿðûí Î×ÈÐ Õ¿ðýëáààòàðûí ÓßÍÃÀ Äóãààðò àæèëëàñàí: Á.Áàòìºíõ, Ì.Áèëã¿¿í, Ã.Áèëýãò, Ç.Òóëãà, Ö.Ò¿ìýíõèøèã, Á.Õóëàí

ÇÀÐ ÑÓÐÒÀË×ÈËÃÀÀÍÛ ÀËÁÀÍÛ ÓÒÀÑ: 5001 0976 “Íîìàëóíõ¿ðýý” ñýòã¿¿ëèéí ãàçðààñ ýðõëýí ãàðãàâ. Óëñûí á¿ðòãýëèéí äóãààð: 9073006016. “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” áàðààíû òýìäãèéã àøèãëàõ îíöãîé ýðõèéã “Íîìàëóíõ¿ðýý” ÕÌÕ ýçýìøèíý. “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ëä íèéòëýãäñýí ºã¿¿ëýë, çóðàã, ìàòåðèàëûã ðåäàêöèéí àëáàí ¸ñíû çºâøººðºëã¿éãýýð á¿ðýí áà õýñýã÷èëñýí õýëáýðýýð õýâëýí íèéòëýõ, öàõèì ñàéòàä áàéðøóóëàõ áîëîí áóñàä õýëáýðýýð àøèãëàõûã õîðèãëîíî. “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ëä íèéòëýãäñýí çàð ñóðòàë÷èëãààíû ¿íýí áîäèò áàéäëûã çàõèàëàã÷ áàéãóóëëàãà õàðèóöíà. Íèéòëýë÷äèéí ¿çýë áîäîë ðåäàêöèéí ¿çýë áîäîëòîé íèéöýõã¿é áàéæ áîëíî. “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ëèéí íèéòëýëèéí áîäëîãî, ºí㺠òºðõºä íèéöýõ íèéòëýë áîëîí íèéòëýëèéí ñàíààã ðåäàêöèéí øóóäàíãèéí õàÿã áîëîí è-ìýéëýýð õ¿ëýýæ àâíà. Ðåäàêöèä èð¿¿ëñýí ýõ áè÷âýðèéã áóöààõã¿é.

ÐÅÄÀÊÖÈÉÍ ÕÀßà Ìîíãîë óëñ, Óëààíáààòàð õîò, Áàÿíãîë ä¿¿ðýã, 2-ð õîðîî, Ýíõòàéâàíû ºðãºí ÷ºëºº, Ãðàíä Ïëàçà öîãöîëáîð, ¹12-05 info@esdalanzurgaa.mn www.esdalanzurgaa.mn ÓÒÀÑ: 976 – 5001 0976 ØÓÓÄÀÍÃÈÉÍ ÕÀßà PO/box 46/622 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 210646

“ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ” ÑÝÒï¯Ë

ÑÀÍÀË

Óëààíáààòàðûí òºâ òàëáàé äàõü æàíæèí Ä.Ñ¿õáààòàðûí õºøºº îäîîãîîñ 64 ºìíº æèëèéí ºìíº áóþó 1946 îíû 7-ð ñàðûí 11-íä íýýëòýý õèéæ áàéæýý. ÌÓ-ûí òºðèéí øàãíàëò óðàí áàðèìàë÷ Ñ. ×îéìáîëûí çóðãààð õèéãäñýí óã õºøººã øèíý÷ëýõ áîëñîí òóë Ñ¿õáààòàðûí òàëáàé õýñýã õóãàöààíä “ºí÷ðººä” áóé. Õºøººíººñ õýâ àâ÷, õ¿ðýëäýõ àæèëä íèéòäýý 800 ñàÿ òºãðºã òºñºâëºæýý. Óëìààð Óëààíáààòàð õîò õî¸ð Ñ¿õáààòàðòàé áîëîõ ãýíý. Òºâ òàëáàéä õ¿ðëýýð öóòãàñàí øèíý õºøººã çàëàõ áà õóó÷èí õºøººã 14 àðñëàíãèéí õàìò Áàÿíç¿ðõ ä¿¿ðãèéí 12 äóãààð õîðîîíä áàéðëàõ Ñ¿õáààòàð æàíæíû ìýíäýëñýí ãýðèéí áóóðèí äýýð áàéðëóóëàõ þì áàéíà. Õàðèí çóðàà÷ ¨.Äàëõ-Î÷èð Ñ¿õáààòàðûí õºøººã õ¿ðëýýð öóòãàõûí îðîíä õºõ òýíãýðèéí ºíãºòýé áîëãî¸ ãýñýí ñàíàëòàé áàéäàã þì áàéíà. Èéì áàéâàë ÿìàð âý?

PS: Photoshop ìàíäòóãàé!

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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7

1996 îíä áàéãóóëàãäñàí Õàòàíñ¿éõ Èìïåêñ ÕÕÊ íü Ãåðìàí, Àâñòðè, Ñîëîíãîñûí òîíîã òºõººðºì溺ð èæ á¿ðýí òîíîãëîãäñîí áà áàéãàëèéí ãàðàëòàé öýâýð îðãàíèê ò¿¿õèé ýäèéã îð÷èí ¿åèéí øèëäýã òåõíîëîãèîð áîëîâñðóóëàí çàõ çýýëä íèéë¿¿ëäýã.

Ìàíàé êîìïàíè Åâðîïûí óëàìæëàëò òåõíîëîãèéã ¿íäýñíèé òåõíîëîãèòîé õîñëóóëàí îëîí óëñûí ñòàíäàðòûí øààðäëàãà, Ìîíãîë õ¿íèé òààøààëä íèéöñýí àìò, ÷àíàðòàé îëîí íýð òºðëèéí ÷àíàìàë, óòëàãàò õèàì áîëîí ìàõàí á¿òýýãäý-õ¿¿í ¿éëäâýðëýí õýðýãëýã÷äýä

8

2010 îíû X, XI-ð cap

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

õ¿ðãýæ áàéíà. Ò¿¿í÷ëýí, ßïîí, Ñîëîíãîñûí çàõ çýýëä ýêñïîðòîîð íèéë¿¿ëýãääýã Õàñ¿ áðýíäèéí á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í íü îëîí óëñûí çàõ çýýëä òàíèãäñàí ¿íäýñíèé áðýíä þì.

ÕÀÌÃÈÉÍ ÒÎÌ IPO + ÕÝÍ ÞÓ ÃÝ + ÑÓÓÑÀÍ ÃÀÇÐÀÀÑÀÀ ØÎÐÎÎ ÀÒÃÀÕ ÍÜ + Ò¯¯ÕÈÉ ÝÄÈÉÍ ¯ÍÈÉÍ ×Èà ÕÀÍÄËÀÃÀ + ÌÓÓ

ÍÝÐ ÕÓÑÀÂ× ÀÐÈËÀÕÃ¯É + ÁÎËÎÂÑÐÎË ÀØÈÃÒÀÉ ÞÓ?

ÒÎÎ

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¯ÇÝË ÁÎÄÎË

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

ÓÓË ÓÓÐÕÀÉ

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2010 îíû X, XI-p cap

ÝÄÈÉÍ ÇÀÑÀÃ

9

ÒÎÎ

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Õàìãèéí òîì IPO IPO õýìýýõ ãàäààä ¿ã Ìîíãîë õýëíèé ¿ãñèéí ñàíä àëü õýäèéí íýâòýðñýí ãýëòýé. IPO ãýæ ÷óõàì þó âý? Àíõäàã÷ çàõ çýýëä õóâüöàà ãàðãàõ áóþó ººðèéí êîìïàíèéí òîäîðõîé õóâèéã îëîí íèéòýä àíõ õóäàëäàõûã IPO áóþó initial public offering ãýæ íýðëýäýã. Ýíý íü õºðºíãèéí áèðæýýñ ìºí㺠áîñãîõ ñîíãîäîã àðãà þì. “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ë Ìîíãîëûí êîìïàíèóä ãàäíû õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéã çîðèõ áîëñíûã òîõèîëäóóëàí äýëõèéí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ò¿¿õýí äýõ õàìãèéí òîì IPO-óóäûã òàíèëöóóëæ áàéíà. ªíãºðñºí çóí Õÿòàäûí պ人 Àæ Àõóéí Áàíê Øàíõàéí õºðºíãèéí áèðæ, Õîíãêîíãèéí õºðºíãèéí áèðæ äýýð äàâõàð õóâüöàà ãàðãàñíààð 22.1 òýðáóì àì.äîëëàð áîñãîñîí íü ò¿¿õýí äýõ õàìãèéí òîì IPO áîëæýý. Æàãñààëòûí “òîï 10”-ò Âèçà, ÍÒÒ ÄîÊîÌî, Ðîñíåôòü çýðýã êîìïàíèóäûí àðèëæàà áàãòñàí áàéíà.

Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Reuters, Good ñýòã¿¿ë

2010

$22.1

2006

$21.9

òýðáóì

Agricultural Bank of China

$13.7

2010 îíû X, XI-ð cap

1996

$13.0

òýðáóì

òýðáóì

Deutsche Telekom AG

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òýðáóì

Visa

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp.

10

$19.2

òýðáóì

1986

2008

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

2006

$11.2

òýðáóì

Bank of China

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ÒÎÎ

Ñ¿¿ëèéí æèë¿¿äýä õèéãäñýí 100 ñàÿ àì.äîëëàð áóþó ò¿¿íýýñ äýýø ¿íýëãýýòýé IPO-íû òîî, áîñãîñîí õºðºíãèéí íèéëáýð ä¿í

Òýðáóì àì. äîëëàð

300 280 260

$259.0

$257.4

ÌÎÍÃÎË IPO:

$227.9

240 220 200 180 160

257

$148.4

$122.5

140

459

120

555

100 80

346

60

$85.2 121

40 20 0

$103.0 177

279

$41.2 67

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: www.RenaissanceCapital.com

1998

$18.4

òýðáóì

1999

$17.4

òýðáóì

Ente Nazionale per L’Energia Elettrica

NTT Mobile Comm.

Network

2010

$11.1

òýðáóì

Dai-ichi Life insurance

2006

$10.6

òýðáóì

Rosneft

$650

ÑÀß

Áèä óóë óóðõàéí òîìîîõîí òºñë¿¿äýý õýðýãæ¿¿ëýõèéí òóëä IPO õèéõ çàìààð îëîí óëñûí õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëýýñ ìºí㺠áîñãîõûã çîðüæ áóé. Îéðûí õóãàöààíä õýä õýäýí IPO õèéãäýõ ìàãàäëàëòàé áàéãààãààñ Òàâàí Òîëãîé îðä ãàçðûí Óõàà õóäàã õýñýãò ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëäàã “Ýíåðæè Ðåñóðñ” ÕÕÊ Õîíãêîíãèéí õºðºíãèéí áèðæ äýýð õóâüöàà ãàðãàõààð áîëñîí. Òóñ êîìïàíè “Mongolian Mining Corp” õýìýýí íýðýý ººð÷èëñºí áèëýý. ªíãºðñºí æèë 1.8 ñàÿ òîíí í¿¿ðñ îëáîðëîñîí òóñ êîìïàíè ýíý æèë 3.8 ñàÿ òîíí í¿¿ðñ îëáîðëîõûã çîðüæ áàéãàà þì áàéíà. Bloomberg-èéí ìýäýýëñíýýð, “Mongolian Mining Corp”-ûí ýçýä êîìïàíèéõàà 20 îð÷èì õóâèéã õóäàëäàõààð áîëæýý. Òýä íýãæ õóâüöààãàà 7.02 àì.äîëëàðààð ¿íýëñýí áà õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äààñ 650 îð÷èì ñàÿ àì.äîëëàð áîñãîñîí õýìýýí õýâëýëèéíõýí ìýäýýëæ áàéíà.

MCS ãðóïï “Mongolian Mining Corp”-ûí õàìãèéí òîì õóâüöàà ýçýìøèã÷ õýâýýð ¿ëäýõ áà íèéò õóâüöààíû 45.3 õóâèéã ýçýìøèõ àæ. 2010 îíû 10-ð ñàðûí 13-íä õóâüöàà íü àëáàí ¸ñîîð Õîíãêîíãèéí áèðæ äýýð àðèëæèæ ýõëýõýä õóâüöààíû ¿íýä îãöîì ººð÷ëºëò îðîõã¿é áîë “Mongolian Mining Corp”èéí çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýëãýý 3.3 òýðáóì àì.äîëëàðòàé òýíöýõ þì.

“MCS”-èéí çàõèðëóóä òóí óäàõã¿é Àçèéí òýðáóìòíóóäûí æàãñààëòàä áè÷èãäýõ áîëîëòîé.

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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2010 îíû X, XI-p cap

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¯ÇÝË ÁÎÄÎË

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-Jagie Áîäðîë áëîã

ÑÓÓÑÀÍ ÃÀÇÐÀÀÑÀÀ ØÎÐÎÎ ÀÒÃÀÕ ÍÜ Ì

îíãîëûí Õóäàëäàà Àæ ¯éëäâýðèéí Òàíõèì æèë á¿ð îíû øèëäýã ýíòåðïðåíåðûã øàëãàðóóëàõ ¸ñëîë çîõèîí áàéãóóëäàã. Òýä “enterpreneur” õýìýýõ Àíãëè ¿ãèéã îð÷óóëààã¿é íü ó÷èðòàé áèç. Ýíý ¿ãèéã Ìîíãîë õýëíýý ÿàæ áóóëãàõ âý? ÿéëãýý óõààíòàé íºõºð, àâõààëæ ñàìáààòàé íýãýí, ñ¿¿õýýòýé íàéìàà÷èí, ÷àäâàðëàã çîõèîí áàéãóóëàã÷, àëñûí õàðààòàé áèçíåñìåí, óõààëàã õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷... ìàø ºðãºí öàð õ¿ðýýòýé îéëãîëò ãýëòýé. › Òýãâýë Ìîíãîëä æèíõýíý ýíòåðïðåíåð áàéíà óó?

àâàõã¿é áîë áîëü” ãýñýí àÿòàé ààøèëíà. Õýðýã› Äýëõèéí òýðáóìòíóóäûí ëýã÷èä íü õ¿ðòýë ãóðàâíû õî¸ð íü ººðèéí äýýðýëõ¿¿ëýýä ñóð÷èõñàí, õ¿÷ýýð áàÿæñàí ãýæ áîäâîë ìºí㺠òºëºí áàéæ òýãýýñ ýõëýýä òýðáóìä õ¿ðýõ äýýðýëõ¿¿ëíý. Õàðèí çàì õ¿í áîëãîíû ºìíº êîìïàíèóä íü õ¿ì¿¿ñèéã íýýëòòýé ìýò. Àìæèëòòàé çàëõòàë á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íýý áèçíåñ ýðõýëäýã õ¿ì¿¿ñ › ªºðººð õýëáýë, ºðñºëñóðòàë÷èëæ, ÿìàð íýãýí àëèâàà àñóóäàëä á¿òýýë÷ýýð 人í áàãàòàé îð÷èíä ¿éë àðãààð îé ñàíàìæèíä õàíäàæ, àæèëäàà ÷èí àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëæ áàéñàí íü ñóóëãàæ îðõèíî. ¿íýí÷ýýð ç¿òãýæ ÷àääàã. Ìîíãîëûí áèçíåñ ýðõëýã÷Í¿äíèé ºìíº áàéíãà Òýä õýí íýãíèé ãàðûã õàðæ, äèéí õóâüä øèíý ¿å ýõýëæ ýðýýëæëýýä áàéäàã õýäýí “íàäàä áîëîìæ îëãîñîíã¿é” áàéíà. Çàõ çýýëèéí øèíý íýðñ ººðèéí ºðõã¿é àðàé õýìýýí ñýòãýëýýð óíàæ îð÷èíä äàñàí çîõèöîæ, áèçäîòíî ñàíàãäàæ, äàññàí ãàçðûí äààâóó 纺ëºí Ìîíãîë õ¿í á¿ð ñóóñàí ãàçðààñàà øîðîî ãýã÷ýýð ºíººõ àòãàæ, àëèâàà àñóóäëûã á¿òýýë÷ ºíö㺺ñ õàðäàã êîìïàíèòàéãàà áîëñîí öàãò Ìîíãîë Àìåðèê øèã áîëíî. çóóðàëäñààð ë áàéíà. ×àíàðûí íåñýý àâ÷ ¿ëäýõèéí òóëä òàëààð ìàðãààä ÷ ñóóãààã¿é íü ëàâòàé. Ãýòýë óõààí çàðàõ õýðýãòýé áîëîõ íýìýðã¿é. áèä ÿàæ áàéíà? “Òºð çàñàã íü. ¯íýõýýð àìæèëò îëæ, áîëîõã¿é áàéíà”, “̺í㺠¿éë÷ë¿¿ëýã÷ òàòàõ áèçíåñ › Õýäõýí æèëèéí ºìíº îëäîõã¿é áàéíà”, “Àìüäðàë õèéõèéí òóëä ã¿éëãýý óõààí øóäàðãà áóñ áàéíà” õýìýýí Ìîíãîëûí êîìïàíèóä áîëîí õºðâºõ ÷àäâàð ñàéòàé àëèâàà áèçíåñ õýä äàõèí øàëòàã òîî÷èæ ñóóíà. áàéõ ¸ñòîé. Õàìãèéí áàãà íóãàëñàí ýñâýë ÿäàæ 40-50 ºðò㺺ð õàìãèéí èõ àøèã õóâèéí àøèã îëîõ ¸ñòîé › Ìîíãîë õ¿í á¿ð ñóóñàí ãàçîëäîã áàéõ ¸ñòîé. Ýíý á¿õýíä ðààñàà øîðîî àòãàæ, àëèâàà ãýæ îéëãîäîã áàéñàí. ìºíººõ entrepreneurship Õàðèí îäîî çàõ çýýë àñóóäëûã á¿òýýë÷ ºíö㺺ñ õýìýýõ îéëãîëò õàìààðíà. õºãæèæ, õýðýãëýã÷èä èë¿¿ õàðäàã áîëñîí öàãò Ìîíãîë ºíäºð øààðäëàãà òàâüäàã Àìåðèê øèã áîëíî. Ýñ › Óãààñàà àðä èðãýä íü áîëæ áàéíà. òýãâýýñ õºãæëèéí òàëààð øèíýëýã ñàíàà ãàðãàæ, ò¿¿ÿðèàä ÷ íýìýðã¿é áîëîâ óó. íèéãýý õýðýãæ¿¿ëýõ ÷àäâàð- Ìîíãîëûí ýíòåðïðåíåð¿¿ä › Áàéãóóëëàãûíõàà ¿éë òàé óëñ îðîí ë õºãæäºã ãýíý àæèëëàãààíä ä¿ãíýëò õèéæ, ìàø îëîí áîëîõ áîëòóãàé!

› Ñàÿõíûã õ¿ðòýë Ìîíãîëä áèçíåñ õèéõ àìàð áàéñàí ãýëòýé. ªíäºð õºãæèëòýé çàõ çýýëä àìæèëò îëñîí áàðàà á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í, ¿éë÷èëãýýã íýâòð¿¿ëýõýä ë õàíãàëòòàé áàéâ. Èìïîðòëîõûí èìïîðòëîîä, èìïîðòëîõ áîëîìæã¿éã íü Ìîíãîëûí íºõöºëä òààðóóëààä õóñ÷èõíà. Õ¿ì¿¿ñò ÿìàð á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í, ÿìàð ¿éë÷èëãýý øààðäëàãàòàé áàéäãèéã áàðóóíûõàí ò¿ð¿¿ëýýä áîäîîä îë÷èõñîí þì ÷èíü, ÿàäàã þì. Ãýõäýý äóóðèàìàë áèçíåñò àìæèëò îëîõîä õ¿ðòýë àâüÿàñ õýðýãòýé. ªíãºí òàëûí á¿õ ç¿éëèéã íü õóóëáàðëàëàà ãýæ áîäîõîä ìåíåæìåíòèéí íàðèéí óõààíûã õóóëàõ õýö¿¿. Òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ ìàíàéä ¿éë÷èëãýý ìàø ìóó áàéäàã. › ªíººäºð Ìîíãîëûí èõýíõ áèçíåñ õ¿÷ýýð øàõóó ÿâäàã ãýõýä õèëñäýõã¿é. Óãààñàà çàõ çýýë íü áàãà, ºðñºë人í áàðàã áàéõã¿é áîëîõîîð ¿éë÷èëãýý íü ìóó áàéñàí ÷ ãýñýí îðøèí òîãòíîñîîð ë áàéíà. “Àâáàë àâ,

12

2010 îíû X, XI-ð cap

ìåíåæìåíò, òåõíîëîãèî öàã òóòàì ñàéæðóóëæ çàíøèõã¿é áîë íýã ë ìýäýõýä Ìîíãîëä îëíîîðîî îðæ èðæ áóé ãàäíû êîìïàíèóä áèçíåñèéã òàíü áóëààõ âèé. Òýäýíä îëîí æèëèéí òóðøëàãà, ìºí ¿éë àæèëëàãààíû òîãòñîí ãîðèì áèé. Íààä çàõ íü õýðýãëýã÷ ãîìäîë ÷èðýãäýë ãàðãàëàà ãýõýä àñóóäëûã ÿàæ àÿòàéõàí øèéäýõ âý ãýäãèéã ìýäíý. Óðüä íü òýä Ìîíãîëûí çàõ çýýëèéã òîîäîãã¿é áàéñàí áîë îäîî íºõöºë áàéäàë ººð÷ëºãäºæ áàéíà.

áèëýý. Ìîíãîëûí äóðûí íýã ìåõàíèê õºãèéí ìóó Ýêñåëèéã Áåíç øèã áîëãîæ ÷àääàã ãýæ áîäâîë àéõ ç¿éëã¿é þì øèã... Ãýõäýý àëèâàà ç¿éëèéã èéíõ¿¿ ººðèéí áîëãîæ, “ìîíãîë÷ëîõ” àâüÿàñàà èë¿¿ ºðãºí öàð õ¿ðýýòýé áèçíåñò çàðöóóëàõã¿é áîë çàõ çýýë áèäíèéã õ¿ëýýõã¿é. Íààä çàõûí æèøýý ãýâýë, Ìîíãîëûí êîìïàíèóä ñóäàëãàà, øèíæèëãýýíä áàðàã ìºí㺠çàðäàãã¿é áàéõàä ãàäíûõàí æèëä õýäýí øèíý ïàòåíò àâñíààðàà ºðñºëääºã.

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

ÕÝÍ ÞÓ ÃÝÂ?

2010 îíû

8, 9-ð ñàð

ºðèéí àæëûí õºø¿¿í õîéðãî, õºëä¿¿, õ¿íä ñóðòëûí òýýã õàíãàëòòàé èõ áàéäàã […] [Òàðèàëàí÷èä] õºäºëìºðëºæ, òàðüæ óðãóóëñàí áóóäàéãàà ºíäºð ¿íýýð áîðëóóëàõûã õ¿ñ÷ ë áàéãàà. Òýä ìºí㺠îëîõ ýðõòýé áèç äýý.

ýðýýíä çààñíààð Îþóòîëãîéä ºíººäºð Ìîíãîëûí 4000 ãàðóé àæèë÷èí áàéõ ¸ñòîé. Ãýòýë Îþó òîëãîéãîîñ öàëèí àâäàã, íèéãìèéí äààòãàëûí øèìòãýë òºëäºã 378 õ¿í ë áàéõ æèøýýòýé. ¯¿íèéãýý 2200 ãýæ òàéëáàðëàäàã. Äýýðõ òîîãîî õýðõýí 2200 õ¿ðãýäýã âý ãýõýýð Îþóòîëãîéä öàé, õîîë, õóâöàñ, ãýð íèéë¿¿ëäýã êîìïàíèéí àæèë÷äûã ìàíàé êîìïàíèéí àæèë÷èä ãýæ õýëäýã.

"Àëòàí òàðèà" êîìïàíèéí çàõèðàë Ï.Öýíã¿¿í, www.news.mn, 2010.08.18

ÓÈÕ-ûí ãèø¿¿í Ñ.Áÿìáàöîãò, Íèéãìèéí òîëü ñîíèí, 2010.08.02

îíãîëä áàÿëàã áàéíà óó, áàéíà. Àøèãëàõ ¸ñòîé þó, ¸ñòîé. Ãýõäýý àøèãëàõàä áýëýí áèø áàéíà. ßàãààä ãýõýýð ýíý áàÿëãèéã õóâààæ àâàõ ãýæ áàéãàà õ¿ì¿¿ñ íü õýí áèëýý, õýä áèëýý ãýäãèéã áîäîõ ¸ñòîé. Ìîíãîë îðíûã íýãä¿ãýýð àíãèéí õ¿¿õýä ãýæ áîäú¸. Õàðèí ãàäíû õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷èä ïðîôåññîð. Ìýäëýã, òóðøëàãûí õóâüä èéì ÿëãààòàé õ¿ì¿¿ñ äóíäàà íýã þì òàâü÷èõààä ò¿¿íèéã õýðõýí àøèãòàé õóâààõ âý ãýýä ÿðèõààð õýí õîæèõ íü äýíä¿¿ îéëãîìæòîé ø¿¿ äýý.

ÀÍÓ-ûí Îëîí óëñûí õºãæëèéí àãåíòëàãèéí ýäèéí çàñãèéí øèíæýý÷ Ñ.Îòãîíáàÿð, Óëñ òºðèéí òîéì ñîíèí, 2010.08.19

è òýð ëèáåðàë, êîíñåðâàòèâ ýíý òýðèéã ÷èíü îéëãîäîãã¿é þì. Ò¿¿ãýýð õººöºëäºõ öàã èðýõ ë áàéõ. Óëñ òºðèéí íàìóóäûí èäåàëîãè ãýæ íîì áàéäàã, áè ò¿¿íèéã íèëýýä ñóäàëñàí.

Òýðã¿¿í øàäàð ñàéä Í.Àëòàíõóÿã, www.news.mn, 2010.09.16

àíàà÷ íü ººðºº õóëãàé÷ áîëñîí ¿åä ÿàõ âý ? .... Õóóëü òîãòîîã÷èä íü ººðñ人 õóóëèà çºð÷äºã, íóóöààð çàñäàã, õóéâàëääàã ¿åä ÿàõ âý? ÓÈÕ-ûí ãèø¿¿í Ä.Ýíõáàò, www.twitter.com/enkhbat, 2010.08.25

èíèé óóëçàæ ó÷èð÷ áàéãàà äºðâºí Ìîíãîë õ¿íèé ãóðàâ íü áîñëîãûí òóõàé ÿðüæ áàéãàà ãýäãèéã áè áàðèìòòàé õýëýõèéã õ¿ñ÷ áàéíà.

àíàé íàì ç¿¿íèé íàì, àðä÷èëñàí ñîöèàëèñò ¿çýë ñàíàà áàðèìòàëäàã íàì ãýýä áàéãàà ÷ áîäèò àìüäðàë äýýð áàðóóíû ÷èãëýëèéí íàì áîë÷èõîîä áàéãàà þì.

"Ìîíãîëûí ãîë íóóðóóäûí íýãäñýí õºäºë㺺í"-èé óäèðäàõ çºâëºëèéí ãèø¿¿í Ö.̺íõáàÿð, news.gogo.mn, 2010.09.10

ÌÀÕÍ-ûí Åðºíõèé íàðèéí áè÷ãèéí äàðãà àñàí Á.Äàø-¨íäîí, "Óëñ òºðèéí òîéì" ñîíèí, 2010.09.17

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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Ò¯¯ÕÈÉ ÝÄÈÉÍ ¯ÍÈÉÍ ×Èà ÕÀÍÄËÀÃÀ ‘Áèä áóñäûã øóíàõ ¿åä áîëãîîìæèëæ, áóñäûã áîëãîîìæëîõ ¿åä øóíàõûã -Óîððåí Áàôôåò ýðìýëçäýã.’

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000 îíû ýõýíä äýëõèéí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí òîìîîõîí òîãëîã÷èä óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàðûíõíû òîîí ¿ç¿¿ëýëòèéã òîîæ õàðäàã ÷ ¿ã¿é áàéëàà. Òýä öîî øèíý ñàëáàð, öîî øèíý á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í, öîî øèíý ¿éë÷èëãýýíä õîøóóð÷, óëèã áîëñîí óóë óóðõàé õýíä ÷ õýðýãã¿é ìýò ñàíàãäàæ áàéñàí ¿å. 2001 îíä õºðºíãèéí áèðæèä á¿ðòãýëòýé óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíèóäûí íèéëìýë ¿íýëãýý åð人 300 òýðáóì àì.äîëëàð áóþó “Microsoft”-ûí òóõàéí ¿åèéí ¿íýëãýýíèé òàë õóâüòàé òýíöýæ áàéñàí þì. Ãýòýë 2008 îíä áóþó àøèãò ìàëòìàëûí ¿íèéí ºñºëò äýýä öýãòýý õ¿ðýõ ¿åä äýëõèéí óóë óóðõàéí ãèãàíò “BHP Billiton” äàíãààðàà 300 òýðáóì àì.äîëëàðààð ¿íýëýãäýõ áîëñîí áèëýý (ºä㺺 òóñ êîìïàíè 190 îð÷èì òýðáóì àì.äîëëàðûí ¿íýëãýýòýé). > Àðàâõàí æèëèéí äîòîð çàõ çýýëèéí õàíäëàãà èéíõ¿¿ ýðñ ººð÷ëºãäæýý. Øèíý òåõíîëîãè íýâòð¿¿ëýõ, õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò òàòàõ õàðüöàíãóé õÿëáàð áîëñîí ýíý ¿åä ¿éëäâýðëýã÷ õîîðîíäûí ºðñºë人í óëàì ýð÷èìæèæ áàéíà. ßëàíãóÿà àøãèéíõ íü äèéëýíõ õóâü òåõíîëîãèéí äàâóó òàëààñ õàìààðäàã áàéñàí ñàëáàðóóä ìàø èõ ºðñºë人íòýé òóëãàðàõ áîëæýý. Òýä àðãà áóþó ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí

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òºëºº ¿õýí õàòàí òýìöýëäýæ, óëìààð àøèã îðëîãûíõ íü äèéëýíõ õóâü ýöñèéí á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í ¿éëäâýðëýã÷äýä áóñ, ò¿¿õèé ýä íèéë¿¿ëýã÷äýä íîîãäîõ áîëîâ. > 1995 îíä “Fortune global 500” æàãñààëòàä åð人 3 óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíè áàãòàæ áàéñàí áîë 2009 îíû æàãñààëòàä 16 óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíè áè÷èãäæýý (ãàçðûí òîñíû êîìïàíèóäûã òîîöîîã¿é áîëíî).

1995 îíîîñ õîéø óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíèóäûí îðëîãî àðàâ äàõèí íýìýãäýæ, àøãèéí ìàðæèí íü ãóðàâ äàõèí ºññºí áàéíà. Õàðüöóóëáàë, ýíý õóãàöààíä àâòîìàøèíû ñàëáàðûí îðëîãî õî¸ð äàõèí íýìýãäñýí áîëîâ÷ àøãèéí ìàðæèí íü õî¸ð äàõèí áóóð÷ýý. ªºðººð õýëáýë, òýäíèé àøãèéã ò¿¿õèé ýä íèéë¿¿ëýã÷èä çàëãèõ áîëñîí þì. > Óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàð àøèã îðëîãî ñàéòàé áàéãàà ÷, ýíý áàéäàë õèð óäààí ¿ðãýëæëýõ âý? Àøèãò ìàëòìàëûí ¿íý õàíø òîäîðõîé äàâòàìæòàéãààð ºñ÷, áóóð÷ áàéäàã íü ýäèéí çàñãèéí ìº÷ëºã õýìýýõ îéëãîëòòîé õîëáîîòîé áà ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí ¿íèéí óðò õóãàöààíû ÷èã õàíäëàãàä äàðààõ õ¿÷èí ç¿éëñ íºëººëäºã.

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¯íèéí äîîä õßÿçãààð Îíîëûí õóâüä, ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí ¿íý äîîä õÿçãààðòàà õ¿ðñýí òîõèîëäîëä ºíäºð ºðòºãòýé óóðõàéíóóä çàõ çýýëèéí æàì ¸ñîîð õààãäàæ, òýð õýìæýýãýýð íèéë¿¿ëýëò áàãàñàõ ó÷èðòàé. Ãýâ÷ óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàðò ýðýëò íèéë¿¿ëýëòèéí ýíãèéí îíîë òºäèéëºí ¿éë÷èëäýãã¿é. Íýãä¿ãýýðò, óóðõàéã õààõ íü ºíäºð ºðòºãòýé, öàã õóãàöàà øààðäñàí àæèë áàéäàã òóë èë¿¿äýë íèéë¿¿ëýëòèéã õýäõýí ñàðûí äîòîð ¿ã¿é õèé÷èõýæ áîëäîãã¿é. Õî¸ðäóãààðò, èõ õýìæýýíèé õºðºí㺠çàðæ óóðõàéãàà àøèãëàëòàä îðóóëñàí êîìïàíèéí õóâüä àëäàãäàë õ¿ëýýãýýä ÷ áîëòóãàé áîðëóóëàëò õèéõ íü èë¿¿ àøèãòàé áàéõ òîõèîëäîë áèé. > Ãóðàâäóãààðò, íººö íü òîãòîîãäñîí îðä ãàçðûã àøèãëàëòàä îðóóëàõàä äóíäæààð 6-10 æèë øààðäàãääàã áà óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàð äàõü õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò èõýâ÷ëýí ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí ¿íý ºíäºð áàéõàä õèéãääýã. Ãýòýë øèíý óóðõàé îëáîðëîëò õèéæ ýõëýõ ¿åä ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí ¿íý çàõ çýýëèéí ìº÷ëºãèéí äàãóó àëü õýäèéí óíàæ ýõýëñýí áàéõ ìàãàäëàëòàé. Ýíý íü òóõàéí ò¿¿õèéí ýäèéí íèéë¿¿ëýëòèéã íýìýãä¿¿ëæ, óëìààð ¿íèéã íü óëàì á¿ð óíàãààõ ¿íäñýí õ¿÷èí ç¿éë áîëäîã áàéíà. Òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí ¿íèéí äîîä õÿçãààðûí ¿å ¿íý ºíäºð áàéõàä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò íü øèéäýãäñýí øèíý óóðõàéíóóä àøèãëàëòàä îðæ äóóñòàë ¿ðãýëæèëäýã. Ýíý ¿åä óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíèóäûí àøèã îðëîãî

õóìèãäàæ, õàéãóóëûí àæèëä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò õèéõ ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí ÷àäàìæã¿é áîëäîã áàéíà.

¯íèéí äýýä õßÿçãààð Óëìààð ýäèéí çàñàã ýð÷èìæèæ, ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí ýðýëò ñàéæèðíà. Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí õ¿íä íºõöºëä àæèëëàæ áàéñàí óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíèóä øèíý òºñºëä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò õèéæ àìæààã¿é áàéõ òóë ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí íèéë¿¿ëýëòèéã áîãèíî õóãàöààíä íýìýãä¿¿ëæ ÷àäàõã¿é. Èéìä ¿íý ºñ÷ ýõýëíý. Ýíý ¿åä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷èä óóë óóðõàéí øèíý òºñë¿¿äýä ìºí㺠öóòãàæ ýõëýõ áºãººä ýäãýýð øèíý òºñë¿¿ä àøèãëàëòàä îðñíîîð ¿íý óíàæ, äàðààãèéí ìº÷ëºã ýõýëäýã. ªºðººð õýëáýë, ýäèéí çàñãèéí òààòàé íºõöºëä õèéãäñýí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò ýðãýýä õÿìä ¿íèéí ìº÷ëºãèéã óäààøðóóëàõ àþóëòàé.

¯ÇÝË ÁÎÄÎË

20-ð çóóíû òóðøèä çýñèéí ýðýëò æèëä 4 õóâèàð ºññºí; öààøèä ºñºëò õýâèéí ÿâàãäàíà ãýæ ¿çâýë 2013 îí ãýõýä çýñèéí ýðýëò 2 ñàÿ òîííîîð íýìýãäýõ áîëîìæòîé. Óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíèóä 2004 îíîîñ ýõëýí èäýâõæèæ, çýñèéí òîìîîõîí îðä ãàçðóóäàä õºðºí㺠îðóóëñàí áèëýý. Èðýõ æèëýýñ õýä õýäýí øèíý óóðõàé îëáîðëîëò õèéæ ýõëýõ þì (çóðàã 1). > Óäàõã¿é àøèãëàëòàä îðîõ ãýæ áóé óóðõàéíóóäûí õ¿÷èí ÷àäëûã òîîöâîë, 2013 îí ãýõýä çýñèéí íèéë¿¿ëýëò 3.7 ñàÿ òîííîîð íýìýãäýæ, çàõ çýýëèéí ýðýëòèéã äàâàõ òºëºâ àæèãëàãäàæ áàéíà. Ýíý íü çýñèéí ¿íèéã äîîø íü ÷àíãààæ, ¿íèéí äîîä õÿçãààðûí äàðààãèéí ìº÷ëºãèéã ýõë¿¿ëæ ìýäýõ þì.

> Îþó Òîëãîé òºñëèéí õóâüä, óóðõàéí îëáîðëîëò õèéæ ýõëýõ õóãàöàà íü çýñèéí ¿íý óíàæ ýõëýõ > Äýýðõ ä¿ãíýëòýä ¿íäýñëýâýë, ¿åòýé äàâõöàõ òºëºâòýé áàéãàà íü óäàõã¿é àøèãëàëòàä îðîõ ãýæ òºñëèéí ¿ð ºãººæèä ñºð㺺ð íºëººëºõ áóé øèíý óóðõàéíóóäûí õ¿÷èí ìàãàäëàëòàé áàéíà. Ò¿¿í÷ëýí, Îþó ÷àäëûã òîîöîîëîõ çàìààð èë¿¿äýë Òîëãîéí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí ãýðýýíä, íèéë¿¿ëýëòòýé ìº÷ëºã õýçýý ýõýëæ, “òàòâàðûí àëü íýã æèëä ãàðñàí õèð óäààí ¿ðãýëæëýõ âý ãýäãèéã àëäàãäëûã òóõàéí àëäàãäàë ãàðñàí òààìàãëàæ áîëîõ þì. 2004 îíä ýõýëñýí æèëèéí äàðààõ äàðààëñàí òàòâàðûí ýíý óäààãèéí ¿íèéí ºñºëò 2006 îíä òàâàí æèëèéí õóãàöààíä àëáàí òàòâàð îðãèëäîî õ¿ðñýí áèëýý. Ýíý õóãàöààíä íîãäóóëàõ îðëîãîîñ õàñ÷ òîîöîæ óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíèóäûí àøèã áîëíî” ãýæ çààñàí áàéãàà. ªíºº õèð îðëîãî îãöîì íýìýãäýæ, óëìààð àëäàãäàëòàé àæèëëàæ áàéãàà òóñ øèíý òºñë¿¿äýä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàõ êîìïàíèéí õóâüä, õýçýýíýýñ òàòâàð òààòàé íºõöºë á¿ðäñýí íü ¿íèéí äîîä íîãäóóëàõ õýìæýýíèé îðëîãî îëæ õÿçãààðûí äàðààãèéí ìº÷ëºãèéã óëàì ýõëýõ íü òîäîðõîé áóñ áàéíà. Òîâ÷õîí á¿ð óäààøðóóëàõ òºëºâòýé áàéíà. õýëýõýä, çàõ çýýëèéí íºõöºë áàéäàë, Çýñèéí ¿íèéí ÷èã õàíäëàãûã àâ÷ ¿çüå. òºñëèéí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí ÷àäàìæ çýðýãò ä¿ãíýëò õèéâýë Îþó Òîëãîé àøèãëàëòàä Õ¯×ÈÍ ×ÀÄÀË îðñîí äàðóéäàà ҪѪËÈÉÍ ÍÝÐ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈ

ÁÀÉÐØÈË ÎÍ

(Mt/ Year) óëñûí òºñºâò Kamoto, East, Oliveira and Virgule Nikanor Zambia 250 000 2011 èõýýõýí õóâü íýìýð Various Codelco Chile 800 000 2011 îðóóëíà ãýäýã íü Oyu Tolgoi Ivanhoe Mines Mongolia 450 000 2013 ýðãýëçýýòýé. Óðò Amantaytau Oxus Gold Uzbekistan 450 000 2011 õóãàöààíä íºõöºë Jabal Sayid copper-gold Citadel Resource Group Saudi Arabia 70 000 2012 áàéäàë ýåðýãýýð Relincho copper Teck Cominco Chile 150 000 ýðãýõ ìàãàäëàëòàé El Morro copper-gold Xstrata Copper Chile 203 000 2013 ÷, Ìîíãîë óëñûí Peru Toromocho Copper Mining Chinalco Peru 250 000 2012 Çàñãèéí ãàçàð ºíºº Cerro Casale Arizona Star/ Kinross Gold Chile 125 000 2012 ìàðãààøã¿é îãöîì Los Bronces Anglo American Chile 198 000 2012 áàÿæèõ íü þó ë áîë...

Collahuasi Salobo Project

Anglo American Vale

Chile Brazil

510 000 270 000

2012 2011

Çóðàã 1: Óäàõã¿é àøèãëàëòàä îðîõ øèíý óóðõàé, òýäãýýðèéí õ¿÷èí ÷àäàë ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÕÓÑÀÂ× ÀÐÈËÀÕÃ¯É ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ðîéòåðñ, Á믯ìáåðã áîëîí áóñàä ìýäýýëëèéí ñóâãóóäààð Ìîíãîëûí òóõàé ìýäýý, ìýäýýëýë áàéñõèéãýýä ë ãàðäàã. Çýñòýé ë ãýíý, í¿¿ðñòýé ë ãýíý, óðàíòàé ë ãýíý, àëòòàé ë ãýíý, áàéðøèë ñàéòàé ë ãýíý. ¯íýã¿é ñóðòàë÷èëãààíä äóðã¿é õýí áàéõ âý. Ìîíãîëûã ìàãòààä áàéâàë ìàíàéä îðæ èðýõ ãàäààäûí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò íýìýãäýíý ãýäýãò íàéäàæ, ãàäíû ñýòã¿¿ë÷äýä íàéð òàâèíà. Äààí÷ ãàäíûõíû ìýäýýíä çààâàë íýã èéì ºã¿¿ëáýð ÿâæ áàéäàã: “Ìîíãîëûí óëñ òºðèéí òîãòâîðã¿é áàéäàë õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äûí õóâüä èõýýõýí ýðñäýëòýé”. ªíººõ ñàéõàí íèéòëýë íü íýã ë ìýäýõýä ñóðòàë÷èëãàà áèø àíõààðóóëãà áîë÷èõäîã. Áàðóóíû õýâëýë ìýäýýëëèéí õýðýãñë¿¿ä “ãóðàâäàã÷ åðòºíö”-èéã õýçýý ë ñàéíààð òîäîðõîéëæ áàéëàà äàà. Àâèëãàë, õýýë õàõóóëü, ºâ÷èí çîâëîíä áàðèãäñàí, õàðàíõóé, á¿ä¿¿ëýã õ¿ì¿¿ñ. Áèä ÷ áàñ òýäíèé íýã. Õýäýí ñàðûí ºìíº Àíãëèéí “Òåëåãðàô” ñîíèíä íèéòëýãäñýí Ìîíãîëûí òàëààðõ ºã¿¿ëëèéí ýõýíä, “Äýëõèé äýýðõ õàìãèéí öàðàé ìóóòàé õîòûí óðàëäààí çàðëàâàë, Ìîíãîë óëñûí íèéñëýë Óëààíáààòàð ò¿ð¿¿ëýõ íü äàìæèãã¿é” ãýñýí ºã¿¿ëáýð çàëàð÷ áàéõ æèøýýòýé. Òèéì ýý, Óëààíáààòàð ìèíü òèéì ÷ öàðàéëàã áèø. Ãýõäýý Àíãëèä ÷ ãýñýí öàðàé ìóóòàé õîò áèøã¿é îëîí áèé. Ëîíäîí ÷ ãýñýí ñàÿõíûã õ¿ðòýë óòàà òîðòîãò áàðèãäñàí õýö¿¿õýí ãàçàð áàéñàí. Òýãýýä þó ãýæ? ªìíº íü áàðóóíû õýâëýë ìýäýýëëèéí õýðýãñë¿¿ä ìàíàé óëñûã òºâ Àçè äàõü àðä÷èëëûí áàòàëãàà õýìýýí ñàéøààäàã áàéñàí. Äààí÷ àðä÷èëñàí çàñàãëàëòàé õºãæèæ áóé óëñàä òîìîîõîí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò õèéõýä ýðñäýëòýé áàéäàã áîëîëòîé. Ìîíãîëûã çîðèõ óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíèóäûí öóâàà óðòñàõûí õèðýýð Ìîíãîë óëñ “ýðñäýëòýé”, “òîãòâîðã¿é” ãýãäýõ áîëîâ. Àìåðèêèéí ôèëîñîôè÷ Íîàì Õîìñêèé, Ýäâàðä Õåðìàí íàð “Manufacturing Consent – The Political Economy of the Mass Media” õýìýýõ á¿òýýëäýý îëîí íèéòèéí õýâëýë

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ìýäýýëëèéí õýðýãñëèéí “propaganda model” áóþó “¿çýë ñóðòëûí çàãâàð” õýìýýõ òîìú¸îëëûã ãàðãàæ èðñýí áèëýý. Òýäíèéõýýð áîë, ¿íäýñòýí äàìíàñàí êîðïîðàöèóäûí íºëººí äîð ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëäàã õýâëýë ìýäýýëëèéíõýí õýçýý ÷ áèå äààñàí, õàðààò áóñ áàéæ ÷àääàãã¿é. ªºðººð õýëáýë, îëîí íèéòýä õ¿ð÷ áóé ìýäýý ìýäýýëýë çààâàë õýí íýãíèé ø¿¿ëò¿¿ðýýð îðñîí áàéäàã. Áèä ÷ ìºí àäèë ÒÂ-èéí ñóâàã ýðã¿¿ëýõ, ñîíèí ãàð÷èãëàõ á¿ðòýý “¿çýë ñóðòëûí çàãâàð”-òàé òóëãàðäàã. Ìîíãîëûí èõýíõ õýâëýëèéí ìýäýýëëèéí õýðýãñýë àëü íýã óëñ òºðèéí õ¿÷èí, áèçíåñèéí á¿ëýãëýëèéí ñîíèðõëûã õàìãààëæ áàéäàã íü íóóö áèø. Áàðóóíû ¿çýë ñóðòàë ÷ ÿëãààã¿é, ¿íäýñòýí äàìíàñàí êîðïîðàöèóäûí ýðõ àøèã, áàðóóíûõíû íèéòëýã ¿íýëýìæèéã õàìãààëàõàä ÷èãëýäýã. Æèøýý íü, Ìîíãîë óëñ óóë óóðõàéí òîìîîõîí òºñë¿¿ääýý òºðèéí ýçýìøëèéí õóâèéã íýìýãä¿¿ëýõ áîäëîãî áàðèìòëàõ íü áàðóóíûõíû ýðõ àøèãò ñºð㺺ð íºëººëºõ ó÷ðààñ áàðóóíû õýâëýë¿¿ä ýíý øèéäâýðèéã áóðóóøààõ íü ãàðöààã¿é áîëæ áàéãàà þì. Õàìãèéí õà÷èðõàëòàé íü, áàðóóíû ¿çýë ñóðòàëä àâòñàí ìýäýýëýë áèäýíä õ¿ðòýë íºëººëäºã. Õýò áîëîâñîð÷, áàðóóíæñàí íºõºä ìààíü òýäíèé ø¿¿ìæëýëèéã òîòü øèã äàâòàæ, óëìààð àðä ò¿ìýí òººðºãäºæ ýõýëäýã.

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

¯çýë ñóðòàë ãýäýã èéì ë õ¿÷òýé. Ìîíãîë óëñ ºíººã õ¿ðòýë ìýäýýëëèéí õóâüä õàðüöàíãóé õààëòòàé õýâýýð áàéãàà íü àñóóäëûã óëàì á¿ð äààìæðóóëæ áàéíà. Ìîíãîë õýëýýð ÿðüäàã ãàäààä ñýòã¿¿ë÷ áàðàã áàéäàãã¿é, èéìä òýä àðãà áóþó öººí òîîíû Àíãëè ýõ ñóðâàëæààñ ìýäýýëëýý öóãëóóëæ òààðíà. Àñóóäëûã òàë á¿ðýýñ íü õàðóóëàõûã õ¿ñýâ÷ òýð á¿ð òýãæ ÷àäàõã¿é. Ýíý á¿õíèé óðøãààð Ìîíãîë óëñ îëîí óëñûí òàâöàíä ñºðºã èìèæòýé áîëæ äóóñëàà. ªíãºðñºí ñàðä Àíãëèéí íýð õ¿íä á¿õèé “Guardian” ñîíèí äýýð “Ìîíãîëûí íåî-íàöèñòóóä: Õÿòàäûí ýñðýã õàíäëàãà õýò ¿íäñýðõýã ¿çëèéã äýâýðãýæ áàéíà” ãýñýí íýðòýé íèéòëýë õýâëýãäñýí íü íèëýýä øóóãèàí òàðüñàí. Ìîíãîëûí “íåî-íàöèñòóóä”ûã îíöîëñîí ìýäýýëýë ãàäíû õýâëýëýýð òàñðàõàà áàéñàí ÷, ¿íýíäýý ìàíàéä æèíõýíý íåî-íàöèñòóóä áàéäàã ýñýõ íü ýðãýëçýýòýé. Ìîíãîë÷óóä õàñ òýìäãèéã èõýä áèëýãøýýäýã áîëîâ÷ õàñ òýìäýã, íàöè swastika-ã ÿëãàæ ñàëãàæ ÷àääàãã¿éäýý ñåíñààö õàéñàí ñýòã¿¿ë÷äèéí áàé áîëäîã ãýëòýé. Òýãâýë Ìîíãîëûí èìèæèéã ÿàæ ººä íü òàòàõ âý? Óëààíáààòàðûí ºí㺠òºðõ ä¿¿ð÷ ãýæ áîäîõîä, ÿäàæ óëñ òºðèéí ýðñäýëòýé ãýæ õýëýãääýãýý áîëèõ õýðýãòýé áàéíà. Ó÷èð íü áèäýíä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò ÿàëò ÷ ¿ã¿é õýðýãòýé. Ãýòýë õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷èä ýðñäýë õýìýýõ ¿ãýíä õàðøèëòàé. Õàðàìñàëòàé íü, Ìîíãîë äàõü ¿éë ÿâäëûí òàëààð îëîí óëñûí õýë äýýð òýíöâýðòýé, äýëãýðýíã¿é ìýäýýëýë õ¿ðãýäýã ìýðãýæëèéí áàéãóóëëàãà ¿ã¿éëýãäýæ áàéíà. Ýíý àæëûí õ¿ðýýíä Ìîíöàìå àãåíòëàãèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààã ýð÷èìæ¿¿ëæ, ÷àíàðûã íü ñàéæðóóëàõ, ýñ áºãººñ öîî øèíý àãåíòëàã áàéãóóëàõ õýðýãòýé. Ò¿¿í÷ëýí, ãàäààäûí õýâëýë ìýäýýëëèéí

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õýðýãñëýýð Ìîíãîë óëñûã õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä ñóðòàë÷ëàõ êàìïàíèò àæèë ºðí¿¿ëæ áîëíî. Åðºíõèé ñàéä Ñ.Áàòáîëä ͯÁ-ûí Åðºíõèé àññàìáëåéí 65 äóãààð ÷óóëãàíû ¿åýð Õîéä Àìåðèêò àéë÷ëàõäàà Bloomberg, Reuters, Wall Street Journal çýðýã íýð õ¿íä á¿õèé õýâëýë ìýäýýëëèéí õýðýãñýëä äýëãýðýíã¿é ÿðèëöëàãà ºã÷, õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä Ìîíãîë äàõü

áîëîìæóóäûã ñóðòàë÷èëñàí íü ýõíèé àëõàì áîëñîí. Òýãâýë öààøèä ýíý àæëûã óëàì á¿ð ýð÷èìæ¿¿ëæ, ºðãºí öàð õ¿ðýýòýé àÿí ºðí¿¿ëæ áîëîõ þì. Òîâ÷õîí ä¿ãíýõýä, Ìîíãîë óëñûã äýëõèé äàõèíä òàíèóëàõ àæëûã çºâõºí ãàäíû ñýòã¿¿ë÷äýä ¿ëäýýëã¿éãýý𠺺ðñ人 ñàíàà÷ëàãûã ãàðòàà àâúÿ. Òýä àëèâàà ìýäýýëýëä ººðèéí

ÓÓË ÓÓÐÕÀÉ

ãýñýí ø¿¿ëò¿¿ð òàâüæ òààðíà. ßìàð ø¿¿ëò¿¿ð òàâèõ íü òîäîðõîé. Ìîíãîë ãýæ óëñûí òàëààð ÿìàð ÷ îéëãîëòã¿é õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷, “ýðñäýëòýé, òîãòâîðã¿é” ãýõ ¿ãñýýð ä¿¿ðýí íèéòëýë óíøààä ÿìàð ä¿ãíýëò õèéõ íü îéëãîìæòîé ø¿¿ äýý. Ìóó íýð õóñàâ÷ àðèëàõã¿é ãýäýã áàéõ àà?

ÝÐÑÄÝË vs. ÄÀÂÓÓ ÒÀË › 2010 îíû íàéìäóãààð ñàðûí 6-íä õýâëýãäñýí Ðîéòåðñ àãåíòëàãèéí “Ìîíãîë äàõü óëñ òºðèéí ýðñäýë” ºã¿¿ëýëä Ìîíãîëûí òàëààð ãàäíû

ñýòã¿¿ë÷äèéí áè÷äýã èõýíõ àñóóäëóóä õºíäºãäæýý. Ýíýõ¿¿ íèéòëýëä äóðäàãäñàí àñóóäëóóäûã õ¿ñíýãòèéí ýõýíä òîéìëîí õ¿ðãýõèéí çýðýãöýý

õ¿ñíýãòèéí áàðóóí òàëä ýäãýýð àñóóäëûã õýðõýí øèéäâýðëýæ áîëîõ òàëààð ýðãýö¿¿ëëýý.

ÝÐÑÄËÈÉÃ ÓÄÈÐÄÀÕ ÁÎËÎÌÆ

REUTERS: ÌÎÍÃÎË ÄÀÕÜ ÓËÑ ÒªÐÈÉÍ ÝÐÑÄÝË ÓËÑ ÒªÐÈÉÍ ÒÎÃÒÂÎÐÃ¯É ÁÀÉÄÀË > Ìîíãîëûí Çàñãèéí ãàçàð äýíä¿¿ ìàÿãòàéãààñ ãàäíà òýðã¿¿ëýõ àëáàí òóøààëòíóóä íü áàéí áàéí ñîëèãääîã. Øèíýýð òîìèëîãäñîí õ¿ì¿¿ñ íü ïîïóëèñò àìëàëò ºã÷ ãàð÷ èðäýã. Ò¿¿í÷ëýí, Ìîíãîëûí óëñ òºðèéí íàìóóä ñóë äîðîé, çîõèöóóëàëò õèéõ ÷àäàìæã¿é. Àâèëãàë, õýýë õàõóóëèéí àñóóäàë óðò õóãàöààíû àñóóäàë áîëîõ ìàãàäëàëòàé. > Ìîíãîë óëñ óóë óóðõàéãààñ îëñîí àøèã îðëîãîî õýðõýí çàðöóóëàõ âý? > Ìîíãîë óëñûí õºäºº àæ àõóé äàâàìãàéëñàí ýäèéí çàñàã ãàäààäûí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí à÷ààð áîãèíî õóãàöààíä îãöîì ººð÷ëºãäºõ íü îéëãîìæòîé. Ìîíãîë÷óóä ýíý èõ ººð÷ëºëòòýé ÿàæ äàñàí çîõèöîõ âý?

> Ìîíãîë óëñ áîë òºâ Àçè äàõü öîð ãàíö àðä÷èëñàí óëñ ãýäãýý ñàéòàð ñóðòàë÷ëàõ õýðýãòýé. Àëü ÷ àðä÷èëñàí óëñûí òºð çàñàã àðä èðãýäýý ñîíñîõ ¿¿ðýãòýé áàéäàã áà àëáàí òóøààëòíóóä íü ñîëèãäîæ ë áàéäàã ãýäãèéã îíöëîõ íü ÷óõàë..

ÇÎÕÈÖÓÓËÀËÒÛÍ ÝÐÑÄÝË > ªíãºðñºí äºðºâä¿ãýýð Çàñãèéí ãàçàð óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàð äàõü õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí õóóëü æóðìóóäûã òîäîðõîé áîëãîæ öýãöýëòýë àøèãò ìàëòìàëûí ëèöåíç îëãîõ, øèëæ¿¿ëýõ ÿâäëûã çîãñîîõ Ìîíãîë óëñûí Åðºíõèéëºã÷èéí òóøààë ãàðñàí. Ýíý íü Ìîíãîëûí óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàðûã îëîí æèëèéí òóðøèä òîéðñîí òîäîðõîé áóñ áàéäëûã äýâýðãýæ îðõèñîí. Ò¿¿í÷ëýí, Ìîíãîë óëñûí Öºìèéí Ýíåðãèéí Ãàçàð Khan Resources õýìýýõ Êàíàäûí õàéãóóëûí êîìïàíèéí õàéãóóëûí áîëîí àøèãëàëòûí ëèöåíç¿¿äèéã õ¿÷èíã¿é áîëãîñîí. Ìîíãîëûí ø¿¿õ óã øèéäâýðèéã õóóëü áóñ õýìýýí ¿çñýí ÷, ýíý íü àñóóäëûã á¿ðìºñºí øèéäâýðëýõã¿é áîëîâ óó. Øèíý õóóëü õýçýý áàòëàãäàõ íü òîäîðõîé áóñ áàéíà. Ýíý íü Îþó òîëãîé, Òàâàí òîëãîé ãýõ ìýò õýëýëöýýð õèéãäñýí òîìîîõîí îðä ãàçðóóäàä íýã èõ íºëººëºõã¿é ÷, Ìîíãîëä áèçíåñèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëàõ ýðñäëèéã íýìýãä¿¿ëæ ìàãàäã¿é þì. > Øèíý õóóëü ÿìàð áàéõ âý? > Ìîíãîë óëñûí Çàñãèéí ãàçàð ñòðàòåãèéí îðä ãàçðóóäûã õàðàà õÿíàëòàíäàà áàéëãàõ ïîïóëèñò äàðàìòûã õýðõýí çîõèöóóëàõ âý?

> Õóóëü æóðìàà áàéñõèéãýýä ë ººð÷èëäºã íü ÿàõ àðãàã¿é ìàíàé õàìãèéí òîì ñóë òàë ìºí. Ãýâ÷ îéðûí èðýýä¿éä Ìîíãîëûí ýðõç¿éí îð÷èí òîãòâîðæèõ ìàãàäëàë áàãàòàé (õ¿ì¿¿ñ ìóó õýëíý ãýýä ìóó õóóëüòàéãàà ñóóæ áàéëòàé áèø). Èðýýä¿éä ãàðàõ ýðñäëýýñ ñýðãèéëýõèéí òóëä Óëñûí Èõ Õóðàë áîëîí õóóëü ñàíàà÷ëàõ ýðõòýé áàéãóóëëàãóóäûí ÷àäàâõèéã ñàéæðóóëàõ õýðýãòýé. ̺í õóóëü áîëîâñðóóëàõ ÿâöàä äîòîîä, ãàäààäûí îðîëöîã÷äûí ñàíàëûã àâàõ áóþó íýýëòòýé õýëýëö¿¿ëýã ºðí¿¿ëæ, ò¿¿íèéãýý ñóðòàë÷ëàõ íü ÷óõàë.

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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REUTERS: ÌÎÍÃÎË ÄÀÕÜ ÓËÑ ÒªÐÈÉÍ ÝÐÑÄÝË

ÝÐÑÄËÈÉÃ ÓÄÈÐÄÀÕ ÁÎËÎÌÆ

ÎÐÎÑ, ÕßÒÀÄÀÀÑ ÕÀÐÀÀÒ ÁÀÉÄÀË > 2002 îíä Äàëàé Ëàì Óëààíáààòàð õîòîä óðèãäàí àéë÷ëàõàä Ìîíãîëûí òóñãààð òîãòíîë ÿìàð õýâðýã áîëîõ íü õàðàãäñàí. Áýýæèí òóñ àéë÷ëàëûã ýñýðã¿¿öýí õî¸ð õîíîãèéí òóðøèä õèëýý õààõàä 500 õ¿í çàìäàà ñààòàæ áàéâ.

2009 îíä Ìîíãîëûí ýêñïîðòûí 70 õóâèéã Õÿòàäóóä õóäàëäàæ àâñàí íü Õÿòàä óëñ Ìîíãîëûí ýäèéí çàñàãò íî¸ðõëîî òîãòîîñíûã èëòãýíý. ÎÕÓ ÷ ìºí àäèë õóó÷íû äàãóóë óëñäàà äàðàìò ¿ç¿¿ëæ áàéãàà, ÿëàíãóÿà óðàíû ñàëáàðò. Khan Resources êîìïàíè óðàíû îðä ãàçðûí ìàðãààíä Ìîñêâà äàëä ¿¿ðýã ã¿éöýòãýñýí õýìýýæ áóé. Ýíý õî¸ð óëñûí àøèã ñîíèðõëûí çºð÷èë Ìîíãîëûí äýä á¿òöèéí àñóóäàëä õ¿ðòýë íºëººëæ áàéãàà òºäèéã¿é øèíýýð áàðèãäàõ òºìºð çàìûí áàéðøèë, ÷èãëýë, öàðèãèéí àñóóäàë ãåîïîëèòèêèéí ìàðãààí áîëîîä áàéíà. Ìîíãîëûí Çàñãèéí ãàçàð Òàâàí Òîëãîé îðä ãàçðûã Îðîñûí õèëòýé õîëáîõ òºìºð çàì áàðèõûã çºâøººðñíººð ýõíèé òîéðîãò ÎÕÓ ÿëàëò áàéãóóëàâ. > Ìîíãîëûí ýäèéí çàñàã äàõü Õÿòàäûí íºëºº ºñºí íýìýãäýõèéí õèðýýð Ìîíãîëûí ýëèò ÎÕÓ-ã áàðààäàæ áàéãàà ÷, Õÿòàä ç¿ãýýð ñóóõã¿é íü îéëãîìæòîé. > Óëààíáààòàð Khan Resources-ûí ëèöåíçèéã öóöàëñíû äàðààãààð öºìèéí ýíåðãèéí CNNC õýìýýõ Õÿòàäûí òºðèéí ºì÷èò êîìïàíè Khan Resources-ûã õóäàëäàæ àâàõ ãýæ áàéñíàà áîëüñîí. Ìîíãîëûí óðàíûã ººðèéí áîëãîõ òóëààíä ÎÕÓ äàâóó òàëòàé áàéíà óó? Õÿòàäûí äàðààãèéí àëõàì þó áàéõ áîë?

> Îðîñ, Õÿòàäûí àëü íü ÷ Ìîíãîëûí äîòîîä àñóóäàëä îðîëöîæ, áèçíåñèéí îð÷èíä íºëººëºõ áîëîìæã¿é ãýäãèéã îíöëîõ øààðäëàãàòàé. ÎÕÓ, ÁÍÕÀÓûã áîäâîë Ìîíãîë áîë á¿ðýí àðä÷èëñàí óëñ ãýäýã íü ìàíàé óëñûí õóâüä òîì äàâóó òàë þì. Íýãýíò ãåîïîëèòèêèéí ýðñäëýýñ àíãèæèð÷ ÷àäàõã¿éãýýñ õîéø çàðèì íýã æèæèã ÿëàëòóóäàà òóëòàë íü ñóðòàë÷èëæ, Ìîíãîë óëñ áîë Îðîñ, Õÿòàäòàé îí óäààí æèë õàðèëöààòàé áàéñàí òóñãààð òîãòíîñîí óëñ ãýäãýý áàòëàõ çàìààð õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä ýåðýã äîõèî ºã÷ áîëîõ þì.

ÃÓÐÀÂÄÀÃ× ÕªÐØ > Ìîíãîë óëñ Õÿòàä, ÎÕÓ-ûí àøèã ñîíèðõëûã òýíöâýðæ¿¿ëæ, ÀÍÓ ãýõ ìýò óëñ îðîíä íàéð òàâüæ, “ãóðàâäàã÷ õºðø”-èéí áîäëîãî áàðèìòàëæ èðñýí ÷, Îðîñ, Õÿòàäûí íºëººã ¿ã¿é õèéæ, Ìîíãîë óëñûí òóñãààð òîãòíîëûã áàòàëãààæóóëàõ õýìæýýíèé íºëººòýé óëñ äýëõèéä áàéõã¿é. Ìîíãîë÷óóä áàéãàëèéí áàÿëãàà àëü áîëîõ õóðäàí ýðãýëòýä îðóóëàõûã çîðüæ áóé áîëîâ÷, èõýíõ òîì òºñë¿¿ä íü ãåîïîëèòèêèéí àñóóäëààñ áîëæ õîéø òàâèãäààä áàéíà.

> “Ãóðàâäàã÷ õºðø”-èéí õàðèëöààã ñàéæðóóëàõàä ÷èãëýñýí Ìîíãîëûí ãàäààä õàðèëöààíû áîäëîãî ¿ð ä¿íãýý ºã÷ áàéãàà. Ýíý ñàëáàð äàõü îëîëò àìæèëòàà ñàéòàð ñóðòàë÷ëàõ íü ÷óõàë.

Òàâàí òîëãîé í¿¿ðñíèé îðä ãàçàð ßïîí, ªìíºä Ñîëîíãîñ, Õÿòàä, Îðîñûí õýä õýäýí êîíñîðöèóì, ìºí óóë óóðõàéí ãèãàíòóóä áîëîõ Ðèî Òèíòî, Ïèáîäè íàðûí ñîíèðõëûã òàòàæ ÷àäñàí. Ãýâ÷ Ìîíãîë÷óóä òóñ îðäîî äóóäëàãà õóäàëäààíä îðóóëàõã¿é áàéõ øèéäâýð ãàðãàñàí. ¯¿íèéã çàðèì õ¿ì¿¿ñ àëü íýã òîì òîãëîã÷äûã ãîìäîîõã¿éí òóëä õèéñýí àëõàì õýìýýí òàéëáàðëàæ áàéíà.

Ìîíãîëûí Çàñãèéí Ãàçðûí àëèâàà øèéäâýð ÿìàð íýã “òîì òîãëîã÷”-èéã ãîìäîîõã¿é áàéõàä áóñ Ìîíãîëûí àðä ò¿ìíèé àøèã ñîíèðõëûã õàìãààëàõàä ÷èãëýãääýã ãýäãèéã îíöîëæ áàéõã¿é áîë õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä áóðóó äîõèî ºã÷ áàéãàà áîëîëòîé.

> Ãàäààäûí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò òàòàõ Ìîíãîëûí îðîëäëîãî Îðîñ, Õÿòàäûí íºëººíä çàìõðàõ óó? > Òàâàí Òîëãîé îðä ãàçàðò Ìîíãîëûí Çàñãèéí Ãàçðûí õýäýí õóâü ýçýìøèõ âý? Ýíý íü áóñàä ñòðàòåãèéí îðä ãàçðóóäûí æèøèã çàãâàð áîëîõ óó, ýñâýë Ìîíãîë÷óóä ýäèéí çàñãàà ýð÷èìæ¿¿ëýõèéí òóëä çàðèì íýã îðä ãàçðàà øóóä õóäàëäàõ óó?

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÓÓË ÓÓÐÕÀÉ

ÓÓÐÕÀÉ×ÈÄ ÌÎÍÃÎË ÓËÑÛà ÕÝÐÕÝÍ ÒªÑªªËĪà ÂÝ? › Êàíàäûí Ôðåéçåð õ¯ðýýëýí “Survey of Mining Companies” ñàíàë àñóóëãûã æèë á¿ð ÿâóóëäàã áà ò¿¿íèé õàìãèéí ñ¿¿ë÷èéí õóâèëáàð áîëîõ 2010 îíû õàãàñ æèëèéí òàéëàí ìºí ýíý îíû 8-ð ñàðä íèéòëýãäæýý. Óã ñàíàë àñóóëãûí ¿íäñýí çîðèëãî, óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàðò áèçíåñ ýðõëýã÷èä áàéãàëèéí áàÿëàã èõòýé óëñ îðîí, á¿ñ íóòãóóäûí òàòâàðûí òîãòîëöîî, ýðõ ç¿éí îð÷èíã õýðõýí ¿íýëæ áàéãààã ñóäëàõ ÿâäàë þì. Ýíý óäààãèéí òàéëàíã áýëòãýõ ÿâöàä óóë óóðõàé áîëîí ò¿¿íòýé õîëáîîòîé ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ýðõýëäýã 3 000 ãàðóé êîìïàíèä ñàíàë àñóóëãà ÿâóóëæýý.

Ôðåéçåð õ¿ðýýëýíãèéí òàéëàíä óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàðûíõàí òóõàéí óëñ îðíû òàëààð ÿìàð òºñººëºëòýé ÿâäàã íü øóóä òóñäàã áîëîõîîð óóðõàé÷èä Ìîíãîëûí òàëààð ÿìàð áîäîëòîé áàéãààã øèíæèõýä èõýýõýí à÷ òóñòàé. Ñàíàë àñóóëãàíä õàìðàãäñàí êîìïàíèóäûí çàðèì íü òóõàéí óëñ îðîíä ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëäàã áóþó àëèâàà àñóóäëûã ñàéòàð ìýääýã áîë íºãºº õýñýã íü ººðñäèéí òºñººë뺺ð õàðèóëæ áàéãàà. Òýäíèé òºñººëëèéã áèé áîëãîõîä õýâëýë ìýäýýëýë ìàø ÷óõàë ¿¿ðýã ã¿éöýòãýäýã íü îéëãîìæòîé.

2009-2010 îíû òàéëàíä ìàíàé óëñ ñàíàë àñóóëãûí íýãäñýí ä¿íãýýð 19.0 îíîî öóãëóóëàí äîîðîîñîî 6-ä îðñîí áîë 2010 îíû õàãàñ æèëèéí òàéëàíä 4.0 îíîîãîîð äîîðîîñîî 2-ò æàãñæýý. Óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàðûíõíû àíõààðëûã òàòäàã 51 á¿ñ íóòãààñ ñ¿¿ë÷ýýñýý õî¸ð äàõü áóþó 50-ð áàéðàíä îðíî ãýäýã áîë õýö¿¿õýí “àìæèëò”. Ýêâàäîð ë ìàíàéõààñ ìóó ¿ç¿¿ëýëòòýé áàéíà. Òýãâýë Êàíàä óëñûí Àëüáåðòà ìóæ õàìãèéí ºíäºð áóþó 96 îíîî àâñàí áîë Ôèíëÿíä óëñ 93.8 îíîîãîîð óäààëæýý.

1:

› Ôðåéçåð õ¯ðýýëýíãèéí ñàíàë àñóóëãûí óëñ òºðèéí áîäëîãî, ýäèéí çàñãèéí îð÷èíòîé õîëáîîòîé ¿íäñýí àñóóëòóóäàä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷èä Ìîíãîë óëñûã õýðõýí ¿íýëñíèéã äàðààõ õ¿ñíýãòýýð õàðóóëàâ.

Õº ºº ðº ãø í㺠¿¿ î ëä ð ýã óó ëà 2: ëò Õº ûã ñà ðº àä íã áî º î ëä ðó îã óë ã¿ àë 3: é ò Õº àä çý ðº ðý íã ãñ º àà îð ä óóë ó÷ à 4: ðó ëò Õº óë àä ñà ðº äà á àä íã ã àãà òî º î òã ðó îð óë 5: ó÷ àëò Ýí ðó à óë ä è õº ý ø äà õý ðº à ã ýõ íã ëòã ýí º àà îð í óó û ó ëà ëì ëò à õè àñ éõ ã¿ é

ÓÓÐÕÀÉ×ÄÛÍ ÕÀÍÄËÀÃÀ

Îäîî ìºðäºãäºæ áóé õóóëü òîãòîîìæ, ä¿ðýì æóðìûí õýðýãæèëòòýé õîëáîîòîé òîäîðõîé áóñ áàéäàë

4%

Áàéãàëü îð÷èí õàìãààëàëòàé õîëáîîòîé õóóëü òîãòîîìæ

24%

16%

52%

4%

0% 56%

16%

24%

4%

Õóóëü òîãòîîìæ, ä¿ðýì æóðìûí äàâõàðäàë, îéëãîìæã¿é áàéäàë

0% 33%

46%

13%

8%

Òàòâàðûí òîãòîëöîî

0%

33%

29%

29%

10%

Ãàçðûí ìàðãààíòàé õîëáîîòîé òîäîðõîé áóñ áàéäàë

0% 24%

29%

41%

6%

Òóõàéí ãàçàð òóñãàé õàìãààëàëòòàé áîëîõ ýñýõòýé õîëáîîòîé òîäîðõîé áóñ áàéäàë

0%

44%

28%

28%

0%

Íèéãýì-ýäèéí çàñãèéí õýëýëöýýð, îëîí íèéòèéí áàéäàë

0% 22%

56%

22%

0%

Óëñ òºðèéí òîãòâîðòîé áàéäàë

0% 6%

44%

44%

6%

Àæèëëàõ õ¿÷èí, õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýëèéí çîõèöóóëàëò

0%

31%

56%

6%

6%

Àþóëã¿é áàéäàë

6%

50%

44%

0%

0%

Òàòâàðûí òîãòîëöîî áîëîí èðýýä¿éí òàòâàðûí õýì õýìæýýòýé õîëáîîòîé òîãòâîðã¿é áàéäàë

0%

19%

14%

57%

10%

Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Fraser Institute, “Survey of Mining Companies 2009-2010 Mid-Year Update“, 2010 îíû 8-ð ñàð

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ÁÎËÎÂÑÐÎË ÀØÈÃÒÀÉ ÞÓ? › Ñàéí áèçíåñìåí çºâõºí ¿ð àøèãòàé áèçíåñò ë õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò õèéäýã. Èòãýëò áàÿí øèã “Íýãèéã ãàðãààä àðâûã îëîõ” ãýæ ìºí㺠çàðàõààñ áèø óíàöã¿é íàéìààíä ñîõîð çîîñ ÷ õÿëààëãàõã¿é. Òýãâýë õóâü õ¿íèé õóâüä õàìãèéí òîì õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò áîë áîëîâñðîë, òýð òóñìàà äýýä áîëîâñðîë. Òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ ýöýã ýõ÷¿¿ä áàéäãàà áàðüöààëàí õ¿¿õä¿¿ääýý áîëîâñðîë ýçýìø¿¿ëýõèéã õè÷ýýäýã áèç ýý. Ãýâ÷ òýäíèé õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò ýäèéí çàñãèéí õóâüä ¿ð ºãººæòýé áàéæ ÷àäàæ áàéíà óó? Ìîíãîëûí èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëèóäûí ñóðãàëòûí òºëáºð áóñàä óëñ îðíóóäòàé õàðüöóóëáàë õàðüöàíãóé õÿìä ÷ ãýëýý, äóíäàæ öàëèí õºëñòýé õàðüöóóëàõàä òèéì ÷ áàãà áèø. Ñóðãàëòûí òºëáºðººñ ãàäíà áàéð õîîëíû çàðäàë, áè÷èã õýðýã, óíààíû ìºí㺠ãýýä ýëäýâ çàðäàë ìóíäàõã¿é. Ãàäààä ÿâáàë á¿ð ÿðèõ þì áèø. Äýýð íü ñóðàõûí îðîíä àæèëëàñàí òîõèîëäîëä àâàõ öàëèí áóþó àëäàãäñàí áîëîìæèéí çàðäëàà íýìáýë çàðäëûí õýìæýý òàëèéæ ºãíº. Äîòîîäûí èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëèéí íýã æèëèéí ºðòºã (ñóðãàëòûí òºëáºð, áè÷èã õýðýã, óíàà, ã.ì. çàðäàë) äóíäæààð 1,500,000 îð÷èì òºãðºã áàéäàã ãýæ áîäâîë äºðâºí æèë ñóðàõàä îéðîëöîîãîîð 6,000,000 òºãðºã øààðäàãäàíà (àëäàãäñàí áîëîìæèéí çàðäàë áîëîí èíôëÿöèéã òîîöñîíã¿é). ¯ð ºãººæ íü äýýä ñóðãóóëü òºãññºí òîõèîëäîëä àâàõ öàëèí õýäýí õóâèàð íýìýãäýõ âý ãýäãýýð õýìæèãäýõ ¸ñòîé. Àðâàí æèëýý òºãñººä øóóä àæèëä îðâîë ñàðûí 300 ìÿíãàí òºãðºãèéí öàëèíòàé àæèëëàõ áîëîìæòîé, õàðèí áàêàëàâðûí çýðýãòýé áîëñîí òîõèîëäîëä ñàðûí 350 ìÿíãàí òºãðºãèéí öàëèíòàé àæèëä îðîõ áîëîìæòîé ãýæ áîäú¸. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëèéí äèïëîì ñàðûí 50 ìÿíãàí òºãðºã áóþó æèëèéí 600 ìÿíãàí òºãðºãèéí

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-Ç.Î÷èð

ªäºð øºíºã¿é øîãøèæ, ºëáºð÷ ¿õýõýýñ áóñäûã ¿çýæ áàéìààæ õóðèìòëóóëñàí õºðºíãèéã íýãèéã ãàðãààä àðâûã îëîõã¿é þìàíä çàðöóóëæ áàñ ë áîëîõã¿é áàéíà ø¿¿.

- Èòãýëò ( ×.Ëîäîéäàìáà, “Òóíãàëàã òàìèð” ðîìàí ) íýìýëò îðëîãî äàëëàõ áóþó õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûíõ íü æèëèéí ºãººæ 10 õóâüòàé òýíöýíý. Ìîíãîëáàíêíû áîäëîãûí õ¿¿ 11 õóâü áàéõàä 10 õóâèéí ºãººæòýé íàéìàà õèéõ íü òèéì ÷ óõààëàã õýðýã áèø ãýäãèéã çàõûí íàéìàà÷èí õýëýõ áèç. Ãýõäýý ýíý áîë òºñººëºë òºäèé òîîöîîëîë, èë¿¿ áîäèòîé òîîöîî õèéõèéí òóëä áîëîâñðîëûí ò¿âøèí, öàëèí õºëñíèé õàìààðëûã íàðèéâ÷ëàí ñóäëàõ õýðýãòýé áîëíî. Ãýâ÷ èéì ñóäàëãààíä öàã çàâ, õºðºí㺠ìºí㺠çàðàõ øààðäëàãà áàéíà óó, ¿ã¿é þó? ÁÑØÓß-íû ìýäýýëñíýýð, 2009 îíä óëñûí õýìæýýíä 33 ìÿíãàí îþóòàí èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëèéí äèïëîì ãàðäàí àâñíààñ åð人 13 ìÿíãà íü ñóðãóóëü

òºãññºí äàðóéäàà àæëûí áàéðòàé áîëæýý. Äîð õàÿæ çóðãààí ñàÿ òºãðºã, äºðâºí æèëèéí ¿íýòýé èõ ñóðãóóëèéí äèïëîì ýöñèéí á¿ëýãò ÿìàð ÷ ¿ð àøèãã¿é ç¿éë áîëäîã ãýñýí ¿ã. Àæëûí áàéð õîìñäîëòîé áîëñîí ýíý ¿åä õî¸ðûí õîîðîíä õóóëü÷, ýäèéí çàñàã÷ ¿éëäâýðëýõèéí îðîíä èõýýõýí ýðýëò õýðýãöýýòýé ãýãääýã ñëåñàðü, áàðèëãà÷èí, ìóæààí áýëäýõ áîäëîãî áàðèìòàëæ áóé. Ãýâ÷ áàñ ë áóðóó òîîöîîëñîí áîëîëòîé. 2009 îíä 11.2 ìÿíãàí õ¿¿õýä ÌѯÒ-ä ñóðàëöàæ òºãññºíººñ åð人 4 ìÿíãà íü òºãññºí äàðóéäàà àæèëä îðæýý.

Äýýðõ òîî áàðèìòûã íýãòãýâýë, 2009 îíä óëñûí õýìæýýíä 44.2 ìÿíãàí èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëü, ÌѯÒ-èéí äèïëîìòîé, ìýðãýøñýí áîëîâñîí õ¿÷èí õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýëä õºë Äîòîîäûí èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëü, êîëëåæèéí òàâüæýý. Òýäýí òºãñºã÷èä, ìýðãýæëèéí ÷èãëýëýýð äýýð åðºíõèé (2008-2009 îíû õè÷ýýëèéí æèë) áîëîâñðîëûí ñóðÒºãñºã÷äèéí ãóóëèéí 9, 11 ä¿ãýýð Ìýðãýæèë òîî àíãèéã òºãññºí, Õóäàëäàà, áèçíåñèéí óäèðäëàãà............ 8 704 äàõèí ñóðàëöààã¿é Áîëîâñðîëûí ñàëáàð................................ 4 516 10 îð÷èì ìÿíãàí Íèéãìèéí øèíæëýë.................................... 3 403 õ¿¿õýä, ìºí 2008 Èíæåíåð....................................................... 3 277 îíû ýöýñò àæèëã¿é Õ¿ì¿¿íëýãèéí óõààí................................... 2 505 áàéñàí 31.5 ìÿíãàí Àíàãààõ óõààí............................................ 2 367 èðãýäèéí òîîã Õóóëü, ýðõ ç¿é.............................................. 2 111 íýìáýë 85.7 ìÿíãà ¯éë÷èëãýý....................................................... 1 882 ãýñýí òîî ãàðíà. Ýíý Ìàòåìàòèê, êîìïüþòåð................................ 990 áîë òóõàéí æèëä ÕÀÀ, îéí àæ àõóé, çàãàñ àãíóóð................ 802 øààðäàãäàæ áàéñàí Áàéãàëèéí øèíæëýë....................................... 798 àæëûí áàéðíû òîî. Óðëàãèéí òºðºë, óðëàã ñóäëàë................... 628 Àðõèòåêòóð, õîò òºëºâëºëò.......................... 585 Òýãâýë 2009 îíä Íèéòèéí ìýäýýëýë, áè÷èã õýðýã................... 439 øèíýýð áèé áîëñîí ÍÈÉÒ 33 007 àæëûí áàéðíû òîîã ñîíèðõú¸. Õºäºëìºð

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: ¯íäýñíèé Ñòàòèñòèêèéí Õîðîî, "Ìîíãîë óëñûí ñòàòèñòèêèéí ýìõòãýë 2009"

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õàëàìæèéí ¿éë÷èëãýýíèé ãàçðûí ìýäýýëñíýýð, ºíãºðñºí îíä åð人 50 ìÿíãàí àæëûí áàéð øèíýýð áèé áîëæýý. Äèéëýíõ íü äýýä áîëîâñðîë øààðäëàãàã¿é îðîí òîî. Õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýë íü èéì áàéãàà ó÷ðààñ ë “äýýä áîëîâñðîëòîé ìàë÷èí”, “àíãëè õýëòýé õóäàëäàã÷” ãýõ ¿çýãäýë ãàçàð àâàõ áîëñîí ãýëòýé. ªºðººð õýëáýë, æèë á¿ð àæèëëàõ õ¿÷íèé ýãíýýã òýëýõ òýð îëîí ìÿíãàí çàëóóñûã àæëûí áàéðààð õàíãàõ ò¿âøíèé ýäèéí çàñãèéí ºñºëò òºäèéëºí àæèãëàãäàõã¿é áàéíà.

2009 îíä 11 ä¿ãýýð àíãè òºãññºí õ¿¿õä¿¿äèéí 81.3 õóâü áóþó 32.6 ìÿíãà íü òóõàéí æèëäýý èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëüä ýëññýí áîë 8.5 õóâü áóþó 3.4 ìÿíãà íü ÌѯÒ-ä ýëñýí îðæýý. ÅÁÑ òºãñºã÷äèéí 90 ãàðóé õóâü íü èéíõ¿¿ äàõèí ñóðàëöäàã íü äýëõèéä äýýã¿¿ð îðîõ ¿ç¿¿ëýëò. Èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëü áàðààäàõ íü “íýãýíò àæèë îëäîõã¿éãýýñ õîéø ÿäàæ ñóðñàí íýð ç¿¿å äýý” ãýñýí àðãàà áàðñàí õ¿íèé ìýõ ãýæ ¿¿. Äýýð íü “õººðõèé ìóó ãàíö õ¿¿õäýý íîìòîé õ¿í áîëãîæ áàéâàë áóñàä íü ÷ ÿàõ âý” ãýæ áîääîã Ìîíãîë÷óóäûí ñýòãýõ¿é õóâü íýìýðëýíý. Áîëîâñðîë ìàø ÷óõàë ãýäýã íü ìàðãààíã¿é. Áîëîâñðîë ñàéòàé õ¿ì¿¿ñ øèíý òåõíîëîãè õóðäàí ýçýìøäýã òºäèéã¿é èë¿¿ õàðèóöëàãàòàé, èë¿¿ ñàíàà÷ëàãàòàé, èë¿¿ ºíäºð á¿òýýìæòýé áàéäàã. Ýíý íü ýðãýýä ýäèéí çàñãèéí ºñºëòºä ýåðýãýýð íºëººëºõ ó÷èðòàé. Òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ ýäèéí çàñàã÷èä áîëîâñðîëûã ÷óõàë÷èëäàã áèëýý. ͺ㺺 òàëààñ, ºäºð òóòìûí ñîíèíä àæëûí áàéðíû çàð ïèã ä¿¿ðýí áàéõûã õàðâàë ÷àäâàð ñàéòàé õ¿¿õäèéí õóâüä õàíãàëòòàé áîëîìæ áèé. Ãýõäýý ñîíèí õýâëýëä íèéòëýãääýã àæëûí çàðûí äèéëýíõ íü äîð õàÿæ ìåíåæåðèéí àëáàí òóøààëûí îðîí òîî áàéäàã. ªíäºð áîëîâñðîëòîé, òîäîðõîé äàäëàãà òóðøëàãàòàé àæèëòíû ýðýëò õàðüöàíãóé èõ áàéäàã ÷, òýäãýýð îðîí òîîíä òýíöýõ õ¿ì¿¿ñèéí òîî õÿçãààðëàãäìàë áàéäàã ó÷ðààñ ë àæèë îëãîã÷èä “Ñàéí àæèëòàí îëäîõã¿é áàéíà” õýìýýí ãîìäîëæ ñóóíà. Ìîíãîëûí èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëèóä òºãñºã÷èä人 õàíãàëòòàé ÷àäâàð ýçýìø¿¿ëæ ÷àääàãã¿é õîéíî ÿàëòàé ÷ áèëýý.

Àæèë îëãîã÷èéí õàìãèéí íààä çàõûí øààðäëàãûã õàíãàäàãã¿é õèðíýý “ìýðãýæëýýðýý àæèëëàõ ñîíèðõîëòîé” ýíý îëîí äèïëîìòîíã ÿàõ âý? Òýä íýãýíò äºðâºí æèë ñóðàëöàæ ìýðãýæèë ýçýìøñýí áîëîõîîð öýâýðëýã÷, ìàíàà÷ áîëîõûã õ¿ñýõã¿é. Ýíý íü ýðãýýä ýäèéí çàñàãò äàðàìò ó÷ðóóëíà.

ÝÄÈÉÍ ÇÀÑÀÃ

Áèçíåòâîðê.ìí âåáñàéòàä íèéòëýãäñýí àæëûí áàéðíû çàð, ìýðãýæëèéí ÷èãëýëýýð Ìýðãýæèë, àëáàí òóøààë

Àæëûí áàéðíû òîî

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ͺõöºë áàéäàë èéì áàéõàä Çàñãèéí ãàçàð “Õ¿íèé õºãæèë ñàí”-ãààñ îþóòíû ñóðãàëòûí òºëáºðèéí òàë õóâèéã òºëºõ ñàíàë ãàðãàñàí íü õàðàìñàëòàé ñàíàãäàæ áàéíà. 20092010 îíû õè÷ýýëèéí æèëä ÍÈÉÒ........................................................ 2 337 äîòîîäûí èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëüä 164,773 îþóòàí ñóðàëöñàí, Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: www.biznetwork.mn, 2010 îíû 9-ð ñàðûí 13 ìºí áàêàëàâðûí çýðãèéí ñóðãàëòûí òºëáºð äóíä÷àíàð áàõü áàéäãààðàà ¿ëäýõ þì áîë æààð 600 ìÿíãàí òºãðºã áàéñàí ãýæ ýíý ìºí㺠îãò ¿ð àøèãã¿é õºðºí㺠áîäâîë äîòîîäûí èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëèéí îðóóëàëò áîëîîä äóóñíà. Áîëîâñðîëûã ñóðãàëòûí íýã æèëèéí ºðòºã 100 òàõèí ø¿òýæ áîëíî, ãýõäýý òýð íü îð÷èì òýðáóì òºãðºãòýé òýíöýæ áàéíà. Ýíý æèë ñóðãàëòûí òºëáºð õ¿íèé õºãæèëä äîðâèòîé õóâü íýìýð îãöîì íýìýãäñýíèéã ýñ òîîöâîë îðóóëäàã áàéõ ¸ñòîé, ýñ òýãâýýñ õýíä Çàñãèéí ãàçðûí ñàíàà÷ëàãûã õýðýãæ¿¿- ÷ õýðýãã¿é ç¿éë áîëæ õóâèðäàã. ëýõýä äîð õàÿæ 50 îð÷èì òýðáóì òºãÄýýð íü õàíãàëòòàé àæëûí áàéð áèé ðºã øààðäàãäàõ àæ. Õýðýâ ýíý ìºíãèéã áîëãîõã¿é áîë “Õ¿íèé õºãæëèéí èðãýäýä áýëíýýð òàðààâàë èðãýí á¿ðò ñàí”-ãèéí ìºí㺺ð áîëîâñðîë 20 îð÷èì ìÿíãàí òºãðºã íîîãäîõ þì. ýçýìøñýí äèïëîìòîíãóóä òºä óäàëã¿é àæèëã¿é÷¿¿äèéí ýãíýýíä øèëæèæ, Íýãýí øèíý Ìîíãîëûí õýëñíýýð, òºð çàñãèéí ãàðûã õàðäàã õ¿ì¿¿ñèéí “200,000 àì.äîëëàð çàðæ õ¿¿ãýý òîîã íýìæ òààðíà. Àìåðèê ðóó ñóðãóóëüä ÿâóóëàõ óó?

Ýñâýë õ¿¿äýý 250 ñàÿ òºãðºã áýëíýýð Àðãàã¿éí ýðõýíä “àæèëã¿é ñýõýýòýí” ºãººä àìüäðàëûã íü áîäóóëàõ óó?” áýëäýæ, áàÿëàã á¿òýýõ ÷àäâàðã¿é Õ¿¿ íü Àìåðèêò î÷îîä ñóð÷ áîëîâñðîáàêàëàâðóóäàä îëîí òýðáóì òºãðºã õîîñîî èë¿¿òýé ààâûíõàà ìºí㺺ð öóòãàõûí îðîíä áîäèò àæëûí áàéð òóéëæ, çóãàà öýíãýë õººæ áàéãààä áèé áîëãîõ ç¿éëä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò èðýõèéã ¿ã¿éñãýõã¿é. Ñóð÷ áîëîâñðîîä õèéæ, ýäèéí çàñãèéí ºñºëòºº ñàéæèðæ þóíû ìàãàä ãýæ áîäîîä í¿äýý ðóóëìààð áàéíà. Õàæóóãààð íü èõ äýýä àíèàä ÿâóóëàõ óó, ýñâýë õîîëíû ìºíñóðãóóëèóäûíõàà ñóðãàëòûí ÷àíàðò ãèéã íü áýëäýæ ºãººä ñàíàà àìàð í¿ä àíõààðàë òàâüæ, àæèë îëãîã÷äûí àíèõ ¿¿? Ìîíãîëûí Çàñãèéí ãàçàð ÿã ë øààðäëàãàä íèéöñýí áîëîâñîí èéì øèéäâýðèéí ºìíº çîãñîæ áàéíà. õ¿÷èí áýëäýæ ñóðàõ õýðýãòýé áàéíà. Õÿçãààðëàãäìàë òºñ⺺ óõààëãààð Çàñãèéí ãàçàð 160 ìÿíãàí îþóòíû çàðöóóëàõã¿é áîë óðò õóãàöààíû õºãæñóðãàëòûí òºëáºðèéí òàë õóâèéã ëèéí òàëààð ÿðèàä ÷ õýðýãã¿é ãýäãèéã äààäàã þì áàéæ. Ýíý íü áîëîâñðîëûã îéëãîõ öàã áîëñîí äîî. Äààí÷ Ìîíãîëä ÷óõàë÷èëæ áàéíà ãýäýã óòãààðàà óðò õóãàöààíû ¿ð ºãººæèéã õàðäàã õ¿ì¿¿ñò áýëýí ìºí㺠òàðààõààñ èë¿¿ áóþó “íýãèéã ãàðãààä àðâûã îëîõ”-ûã òààëàãäàõ íü îéëãîìæòîé. Ãýõäýý áîääîã õ¿í õîâîðäñîí áîëîëòîé... èõ äýýä ñóðãóóëèóäûí ñóðãàëòûí ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÇÝÂÝÐÑÝÍ ÅÐÒªÍÖ + ÌÎÍÃÎËÛÍ ÌªÍê ÕÀÀÍÀ ÁÀÉÍÀ? + àÐÕÈÒÅÊҪРÁ.ÁÀÒ̪ÍÕ

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÎÍÖËÎÕ ÇÓÐÀÃ // ÎÍÖËÎÕ ÑÝÄÝÂ // TABULA RASA

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ÇÓÐÀÃ×ÈÍ: Ã.Áèëýãò

Çýâýðñýí òªìªð, õàßãäñàí áàéøèí... õ¿íèé í¿äýíä òóñäàã õèðíýý òóñäàãã¿é åðòºíö. Çýâýíä èäýãäñýí òýð öîîæ þóã õàìãààëíà âý? Èõýä íàíäèãíàí áýõýëñýí áàéõûã áîäâîë õýçýý íýãýí öàãò èõ ë ÷óõàë ç¿éë áàéæ äýý. Äààí÷ îäîî òýð õýíä ÷ õýðýãã¿é. Ìàðòàãäñàí åðòºíö. Ñýòãýë äóòâàë þó ÷ õàìààã¿é çýâýð÷ ãàíääàã áèëýý. Çýâýðñýí òºìºð õàÿãäàë áîëäîã áîë çýâýðñýí ñýòãýë ñýã áîëíî. “Çýâýðñýí òºìºð ç¿ðõòýé, çýðëýãøñýí öýâäýã ñýòãýëòýé” õ¿ì¿¿ñ îëøèðñîí ýíý öàãò ñýòãýëèéí õàò õàìãààñ ÷óõàë. Ãýðýë ãýãýý áèé ãýäýãò èòãýå.

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÎÍÖËÎÕ ÑÝÄÝÂ

̺íãºòýé õ¿í ë áèçíåñ õèéäýã ãýñýí îéëãîëò áàéäàã. Õýðýâ ýíý ¿íýí áàéñàí áîë áèä ºíºº õèð õ¿é íýãäëýýðýý àìüäàð÷ áàéõ áàéñàí áîëîâ óó. Çàðèì õ¿ì¿¿ñ ìºíãèéã õóðèìòëóóëæ ÷àääàã áîë çàðèì íü ò¿¿íèéã ¿ðæ¿¿ëæ ÷àääàã. Ýäèéí çàñàãò õóðèìòëàãäñàí ìºí㺠õàìãèéí àøèãòàé ñàëáàðò ýðãýëòýä îðñíîîð ýäèéí çàñàã õºãæäºã áèëýý. Òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ ýäèéí çàñãèéí õºãæèëä ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýë áóþó ýð¿¿ë ÷èéðýã áàíêíû ñàëáàð áîëîí ýðãýëò ñàéòàé õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýë ÷óõàë ¿¿ðýãòýé. Ýíý îíû 5-ð ñàðä Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààã ñàéæðóóëàõ çîðèëãîîð ìåíåæìåíòèéí õóâü÷ëàë õèéõ íýýëòòýé òåíäåð çàðëàãäñàí áèëýý. Òåíäåðèéí ýöñèéí ä¿í õàðààõàí ãàðààã¿é áàéãàà ÷, Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà óäàõã¿é ýð÷èìæèõ áîëîâ óó ãýñýí õ¿ëýýëò õýäèéí áèé áîëæýý. Èéìä “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ë Ìîíãîëûí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí òàëààð äàðààõ íèéòëýëèéã áýëòãýëýý. Ìîíãîë÷óóäûí ìºí㺠õààíà ýðãýëäýæ áàéíà âý?

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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2010 îíû X, XI-p cap

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ÎÍÖËÎÕ ÑÝÄÝÂ

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ÁÀÍÊ ÓÓ, ÁÈÐÆ ¯¯? › Áèçíåñ ýðõëýã×äèéí õóâüä áàíêíû çýýë àâàõ ýñâýë õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëä ¿íýò öààñ ãàðãàõ ãýñýí íýìýëò ñàíõ¿¿æèëòèéí ¿íäñýí õî¸ð ýõ ¿¿ñâýð áèé. Òóõàéí óëñûí ýðõ ç¿éí îð÷èí, ò¿¿õýí õºãæèë, àðä èðãýäèéí ñýòãýõ¿éãýýñ õàìààðàí àëü íýã çàõ çýýë íü ò¿ëõ¿¿ õºãæäºã áàéíà. ªºðººð õýëáýë, ýäèéí çàñàãò áèé áîëñîí õóðèìòëàëûí äèéëýíõ õýñýã íü áàíêíû ñàëáàð àëü ýñâýë õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëä òºâëºðäºã ãýñýí ¿ã. Òóõàéëáàë, Ãåðìàí, ßïîí çýðýã óëñóóä áàíê òºâòýé ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëòýé áîë ÀÍÓ, Èõ Áðèòàíè çýðýã óëñóóä õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëä ñóóðèëñàí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëòýé. Æèøýý íü, ÀÍÓ-ûí èðãýäèéí ìºíãºí õóðèìòëàëûí 52 õóâü íü ¿íýò öààñíû çàõ çýýëä øèíãýäýã áàéõàä ßïîí óëñàä çàõ çýýëèéí 55 õóâèéã áàíêíû õàäãàëàìæ ýçýëäýã áàéíà (Çóðàã 1).

îíöëîõ ¿¿ðýã ã¿éöýòãýæ èðñýí áîë Àíãëî-ñàêñîí ýðõ ç¿éí òîãòîëöîîòîé ÀÍÓ, Èõ Áðèòàíè çýðýã óëñàä õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýë èë¿¿ õºãææýý. Àíãëîñàêñîí õóóëüòàé óëñàä ø¿¿õ çàñàãëàë îíöãîé ýðõòýé áàéäàã íü ýëäýâ ìàðãààíûã òàñëàí ø¿¿õ ÿâöûã õÿëáàðøóóëäàã áà ýíý íü õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýë, êîìïàíèéí çàñàãëàëûí õºãæèëä ýåðýãýýð íºëººëäºã ãýíý. Òýãâýë ø¿¿ã÷äèéí ýðõ ìýäýë õóóëèàð õÿçãààðëàãääàã ýõ ãàçðûí õóóëüòàé óëñàä ýëäýâ ìàðãààíûã çàõ çýýëèéí íºõöºë áàéäàëòàé óÿëäóóëàí ø¿¿õ áîëîìæ õîìñ áàéäàã. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä áàíêóóä çîõèöóóëàëò õèéäýã áàéíà. Àëü íýã òîãòîëöîî íü ýäèéí çàñãèéí ºñºëòºä îíöãîé õóâü íýìýð îðóóëäàã ãýñýí ä¿ãíýëò õèéõ áîëîìæã¿é þì. Òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí õàðèëöààã çîõèöóóëàõ ÷àäàìæ ºíäºðòýé ýðõ ç¿éí îð÷èí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí á¿òöýýñ èë¿¿ ÷óõàë ãýäýãòýé èõýíõ ýäèéí çàñàã÷èä ñàíàë íèéëäýã (Ross Levine et al).

Çàðèì óëñàä õºðºíãèéí áèðæ, çàðèì óëñàä áàíêíû ñàëáàð ò¿ëõ¿¿ õºãæäºã íü ÿìàð ó÷èð øàëòãààíòàé âý? Äýýðõ óëñóóäûí ò¿¿õýí õºãæèë, îíöëîã øèíæ ÷àíàðûã õàðâàë, ýõ ãàçðûí ýðõ ç¿éí òîãòîëöîîòîé Ãåðìàí, ßïîí çýðýã óëñàä áàíêóóä

Çóðàã 1. ªðõèéí ìºíãºí õóðèìòëàëûí á¿òýö ìºíãºí õóðèìòëàëä ýçëýõ õóâü, 2009 100% 80%

2

3

29

36

60% 40%

3 26

30

15

28

52

47

20%

Áàðóóí Åâðîï

ÀÍÓ

Áàðóóí Åâðîï: EU15, Íîðâåãè, Øâåéöàðü

Åâðîïûí Õîëáîîíû øèíý ãèø¿¿ä

Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Allianz SE, 2010

34

2010 îíû X, XI-ð cap

55

33

17 0%

6 17

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

ßïîí

Ìîíãîë óëñûí õóâüä, õóâèéí ñåêòîðûí ñàíõ¿¿æèëò àðèëæààíû áàíêóóäûí çýýë îëãîëòîîñ á¿ðýí õàìààðäàã ãýæ õýëæ áîëíî. Ýíý íºõöºëä õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëèéã õºãæ¿¿ëñíýýð ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí ñàëáàð äàõü ºðñºë人í íýìýãäýæ, óëìààð ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çóó÷ëàë ò¿ðãýí øóóðõàé, õÿìä ºðòºãòýé áîëíî ãýäýãò íàéäàæ áóé. Áóñàä Ìàíàé óëñûí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýë ºíãºðñºí õîðèí Äààòãàë, òýòãýâðèéí æèëèéí òóðøèä áàíê òºâòýé ñàí õºãæèæ èðñýí áîëîõîîð ¯íýò öààñ õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëèéã Áàíêíû õºãæ¿¿ëýõýä áàãàã¿é öàã õàðèëöàõ, õóãàöàà, õºðºí㺠ìºí㺠õàäãàëàìæ øààðäàãäàõ íü äàìæèãã¿é.

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ÎÍÖËÎÕ ÑÝÄÝÂ

ÁÀÍÊÍÛ ÑÀËÁÀÐ › Àðèëæààíû áàíê áîë õºðºí㺠èë¿¿äýëòýé áàéãàà ãàçðààñ õºðºí㺠äóòàãäàëòàé áàéãàà ãàçàð ðóó ìºíãºí õóðèìòëàëûã øèëæ¿¿ëýõ ¿¿ðýãòýé ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çóó÷ëàã÷ áàéãóóëëàãà þì. ̺íãºí õóðèìòëàë á¿õèé õóâü õ¿ì¿¿ñ, àæ àõóéí íýãæ¿¿äýýñ õàäãàëàìæ öóãëóóëàí õºðºíãèéí ýõ ¿¿ñâýð øààðäëàãàòàé áàéãàà õóâü õ¿ì¿¿ñ áîëîí àæ àõóéí íýãæ¿¿äýä çýýë îëãîäîã. Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çóó÷ëàë ò¿ðãýí øóóðõàé ÿâàãäàæ áàéãàà íºõöºëä ýäèéí çàñãèéí ºñºëò õóðäñàõ áóþó ýäèéí çàñàã á¿õýëäýý íººö áîëîëöîîãîî õàìãèéí ¿ð àøèãòàéãààð çàðöóóëàõ áîëîìæ á¿ðääýã õýìýýí ýäèéí çàñàã÷èä ¿çäýã (Schumpeter et al). Ìîíãîëûí íºõöºëä ýíý íü áàíêóóäûí ¿éë àæèëëàãààíààñ èõýýõýí õàìààðàëòàé.

Çóðàã 3. Çýýëæ¿¿ëýëò áà ÷àíàðã¿é çýýë çýýë 80%

20%

60%

15%

40%

10%

20%

5%

0%

0%

-20%

-5%

íèéò çýýëèéí ºñºëò, æèëèéí Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Ìîíãîëáàíê

2010 îíû 8-ð ñàðûí ýöýñò Ìîíãîëûí áàíêíû ñàëáàðûí íèéò àêòèâ 5 èõ íàÿä òºãðºã áóþó 2009 îíû ÄÍÁ-èéí 80 îð÷èì õóâüòàé òýíöæýý. Ìîíãîëä ºíººäºð 14 àðèëæààíû áàíê ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëæ áàéíà. Õààí, Ãîëîìò áîëîí Õóäàëäàà õºãæëèéí áàíê íàðûí ãóðâàí áàíê

Çóðàã 2: Àðèëæààíû áàíêóóäûí àêòèâ, ñàëáàðò ýçëýõ õóâü Áàíê

ÕÀÀÍ áàíê Ãîëîìò áàíê Õóäàëäàà õºãæëèéí áàíê Õàäãàëàìæ áàíê Õàñ áàíê Óëààíáààòàð õîòûí áàíê Òºðèéí áàíê Êàïèòðîí áàíê ×èíãèñ õààí áàíê Êàïèòàë áàíê ¯íäýñíèé õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí áàíê Ýðýë áàíê Òýýâýð õºãæëèéí áàíê Êðåäèò áàíê

×àíàðã¿é çýýëèéí õóâü (áàðóóí òýíõëýã)

Íèéò àêòèâ (2010 îíû 6-ð ñàðûí 30-íû áàéäëààð), ìÿíãàí òºãðºã

1,405,670,443 1,173,930,173 800,380,123 403,269,731 352,151,712 184,106,978 166,129,357 115,905,740 107,231,782 87,522,147 27,555,668 13,717,526 12,811,753 10,703,462

ñàëáàðûíõàà íèéò àêòèâûí 70 õóâèéã á¿ðä¿¿ëäýã (Çóðàã 2). ªíººäðèéí áàéäëààð, áàíêóóä íèéò àêòèâûíõàà 62.8 õóâü áóþó 2.7 èõ íàÿä òºãðºãèéí çýýëèéã àæ àõóéí íýãæ, õóâü õ¿ì¿¿ñò îëãîîä áàéíà (Ìîíãîëáàíê). Áàíêíû ñàëáàðûí çýýë, àêòèâûí õàðüöààã õàðâàë àðèëæààíû áàíêóóä á¿ðýí õ¿÷èí ÷àäëààðàà çýýë îëãîõã¿é áàéíà ãýñýí ä¿ãíýëò õèéæ áîëîõ þì. Äýëõèéí ñàíõ¿¿, ýäèéí çàñãèéí õÿìðàë áîëîí áóñàä øàëòãààíû óëìààñ 2008 îíîîñ çýýëèéí ºñºëò îãöîì ñààð÷, Áàíêíû ñàëáàðûí 2009 îíû ýöñýýð íèéò àêòèâò ýçëýõ õóâü ºìíºõ îíòîé õ à ð ü ö ó ó ë àõàä 28.92% ºñºëòã¿é ãàðñàí 24.15% áàéíà. 2010 îí 16.47% ãàðñààð áîäèò 8.30% ýäèéí çàñàã ñýðãýæ 7.24% ýõýëñýí ÷ çýýë 3.79% îëãîëò õàðààõàí 3.42% íýìýãäñýíã¿é. 2009 2.38% îíîîñ ÷àíàðã¿é çýýëèéí õýìæýý ºñ÷ 2.21% ýõýëñýí áºãººä 2009 1.80% îíû ýöñýýð íèéò 0.57% çýýëèéí 17 õóâü íü 0.28% ÷àíàðã¿é çýýëèéí 0.26% àíãèëàëä áàãòàõ 0.22% áîëæýý (Çóðàã 3).

Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Ìîíãîëáàíê

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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2010 îíû X, XI-p cap

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Çóðàã 4. Çýýëæ¿¿ëýëò ñàëáàðûí àíãèëëààð 2% 2% պ人 àæ àõóé

¯ë õºäëºõ õºðºíãº

6%

Áóñàä 22%

7% Òýýâýð

Óóë óóðõàé 13%

Õ¿íñ, çî÷èä áóóäàë Õóäàëäàà 18%

Áàðèëãà 14%

Àæ ¿éëäâýð 16%

Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Ìîíãîëáàíê, 2009 îí

Áàíêóóäûí çýýëèéí á¿òöèéã õàðâàë, õóäàëäààíû ñàëáàðò õàìãèéí èõ çýýë îëãîãäæýý (Çóðàã 4). Õóäàëäààíû çýýë õàðüöàíãóé ýðñäýë áàãàòàé, ò¿ðãýí õºâºðäºã ãýäýã óòãààðàà áàíêóóäàä àøèãòàé áàéäàã. Ãýõäýý õóäàëäààíû çýýëèéí õóâü õýìæýý èéì ºíäºð áàéãàà íü äîòîîäûí ¿éëäâýðëýã÷ íàðò èìïîðòûí áàðààíû õÿìä ¿íèéí äàðàìò ó÷ðóóëàõààñ ãàäíà çýýë àâàõ áîëîìæèéã íü õÿçãààðëàäàã. Ýíý íü ýäèéí çàñãèéí áîäèò ñåêòîðûí ºñºëòèéã ñààðìàãæóóëàõ àþóëòàé. áàíê òºâòýé ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëòýé óëñàä, àðèëæààíû áàíêóóäûí àëü ñàëáàðò, ÿìàð íºõöºëòýé çýýë îëãîõ øèéäâýð òóõàéí ñàëáàðûí õºãæëèéã òîäîðõîéëäîã òóë áàíêíû øèéäâýð ýäèéí çàñãèéí èðýýä¿éí ä¿ð çóðãèéã á¿òýýäýã ãýæ õýëæ áîëíî. ªºðººð õýëáýë, ìàíàé áàíêóóä èõýýõýí õàðèóöëàãàòàé íºõöºëä àæèëëàæ áàéãàà þì. Àðèëæààíû áàíê áîë áèçíåñèéí áàéãóóëëàãà ó÷ðààñ áîãèíî õóãàöààíû àøèã îðëîãîî áîäîæ, ýäèéí çàñãèéí õºãæèëä òºäèéëºí à÷ õîëáîãäîëòîé áóñ øèéäâýð¿¿äèéã ãàðãàõ íü áèé. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä òºð çàñãèéí áîäëîãî ÷óõàë ¿¿ðýã ã¿éöýòãýõ ó÷èðòàé. Çàñãèéí ãàçðûí áîäëîãûí õ¿ðýýíä áàíêóóäûí ¿éë àæèëëàãààã óðò õóãàöààíû ýäèéí çàñãèéí ºñºëò çýðýã òîäîðõîé çîðèëòîä ÷èãë¿¿ëýõ ýäèéí çàñãèéí õºø¿¿ðýã áèé áîëãîõ íü ÷óõàë þì.

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2010 îíû X, XI-ð cap

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

Ãýòýë Ìîíãîë óëñûí Çàñãèéí ãàçàð àðèëæààíû áàíêóóäàà äýìæèõ áóñ, òýäýíòýé ºðñºëäºõ áîäëîãî áàðèìòàëæ ýõýëñýí íü àíõààðàë òàòàæ áàéíà. Çàñãèéí ãàçàð 2010 îíû 7-ð ñàðä óäààí õóãàöààíä ÿðèãäñàí Õºãæëèéí Áàíê áàéãóóëàõ øèéäâýð ãàðãàñàí. Òóñ áàíê íü Çàñãèéí ãàçðààñ òîäîðõîéëñîí õºãæëèéí òýðã¿¿ëýõ ÷èãëýëä áàãòñàí ñàëáàðóóäàä ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çóó÷ëàëûí àæèë, ¿éë÷èëãýý ¿ç¿¿ëýõ ýðõ á¿õèé òºðèéí ºì÷èéí îðîëöîîòîé õóóëèéí ýòãýýä áàéõ ãýíý. Òºðèéí áàòàëãàà ãàðãàõ çàìààð ãàäààä, äîòîîäîîñ õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò òàòàæ, òîìîîõîí òºñºë õºòºëáºð¿¿äèéã ñàíõ¿¿æ¿¿ëýõ ÷èã ¿¿ðýãòýé òóñ áàéãóóëëàãà äºíãºæ òºëºâøèæ ýõýëñýí áàíêíû ñàëáàðûí á¿òöýä èõýýõýí ººð÷ëºëò îðóóëàõ íü äàìæèãã¿é. ̺í ò¿¿í÷ëýí, áàíêíû ñàíõ¿¿æèëòèéí õóâüä õýä õýäýí òóëãàìäñàí àñóóäàë áàéñààð áàéíà. Íýãä¿ãýýðò, áàðüöàà õºðºíãèéí àñóóäàë áàéíà. Õºíãºëºëòòýé çýýë îëãîõîä ÷èãëýñýí òºñºë õºòºëáºðò õàìðàãäàõàä õ¿ðòýë áàðüöàà õºðºí㺠øààðäàãääàã. Äýýð íü çýýëèéí õ¿¿íèé àñóóäàë áàéíà. Èõýíõ òîõèîëäîëä çýýë àâñàí äàðóéäàà õ¿¿ òºëæ ýõëýõ áîëçîë òàâèãääàã áà òóõàéí òºñºë õýðýãæèæ ýõýëñýí äàðóéäàà çýýëèéí õ¿¿íèé äàðàìòàä îðæ, çýýëýý ýðãýí òºëºõ ÷àäâàðã¿é áîëîõ íü ÷ áèé. Áàðóóíû áàíêóóä îëãîñîí çýýëýý áàãö áîëãîí ìºíãºíèé çàõ çýýë äýýð õóäàëäàõ çàìààð ýðãýëòèéí õºðºí㺺 ñóëëàæ àâàõ ýñâýë äîòîîäûí áîëîí îëîí óëñûí çàõ çýýëä íýìýëò ñàíõ¿¿æèëò òàòàõ çîðèëãîîð ¿íýò öààñ ãàðãàõ ÿâäàë ò¿ãýýìýë áàéäàã. Ìîíãîëûí õóâüä, áàíêóóäûí çýýë îëãîõ õ¿÷èí ÷àäàë çºâõºí õàðèëöàã÷äààñàà öóãëóóëñàí õàäãàëàìæèéí õýìæýýãýýð õÿçãààðëàãääàã. Àæ ¿éëäâýð, óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàðûí òîìîîõîí òºñë¿¿äýä øààðäàãäàõ èõ õýìæýýíèé óðò õóãàöààòàé ñàíõ¿¿æèëòèéã Ìîíãîëûí çàõ çýýëýýñ áîñãîõ áîëîìæ õîìñ áàéãàà òóë Ìîíãîëûí êîìïàíèóä ãàäíû çàõ çýýëèéã çîðèõûã õ¿ñýõ áîëñîí. Çàõ çýýëèéí íºõöºë áàéäàë èéíõ¿¿ ººð÷ëºãäñºí íü Ìîíãîëûí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí á¿òöýä íºëººëæ, õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí à÷ õîëáîãäëûã íýìýãä¿¿ëýõ ìàãàäëàëòàé áàéãàà þì.

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ÎÍÖËÎÕ ÑÝÄÝÂ

ժЪÍÃÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéã äýëõèéí õàìãèéí æèæèã áèðæ õýìýýí ºõººðäºõ íü áèé. Ìàíàé óëñûí öîð ãàíö õºðºíãèéí áèðæ áîëîõ ÌÕÁ óäàõã¿é õîðèí æèëèéíõýý îéã òýìäýãëýíý. 19921995 îíä ºì÷ õóâü÷ëàëûí áîäëîãûí õ¿ðýýíä 475 óëñûí ¿éëäâýðèéí ãàçðûã õóâüöààò êîìïàíèéí õýëáýðò øèëæ¿¿ëýí, 8.2 òýðáóì òºãðºãèéí ¿íýëãýý á¿õèé 96.1 ñàÿ øèðõýã õóâüöààã èðãýäýä ýçýìø¿¿ëñýí áà óëìààð 1995 îíîîñ áýëýí ìºíãºíèé àðèëæàà áóþó ¿íýò öààñíû õî¸ðäîã÷ çàõ çýýëèéã ýõë¿¿ëñýí ò¿¿õòýé.

Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿íýëãýý ºíäºðòýé ÕÊ-óä

› Õªðªíãèéí çàõ çýýë ãýäýã íü ¿íýò öààñ áóþó õóâüöàà, áîíä áîëîí áóñàä ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí õýðýãñëèéí àðèëæààãààð õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äààñ óðò õóãàöààíû ñàíõ¿¿æèëò òàòàí òºâëºð¿¿ëýõýä ÷èãëýñýí àðèëæààíû çàõ þì. Àíõäàã÷ õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýë äýýð áîíä áîëîí õóâüöààãàà àíõ óäàà ãàðãàõ áóþó IPO õèéõ çàìààð ìºí㺠áîñãîõ ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâàãääàã. Õàðèí õî¸ðäîã÷ çàõ çýýëä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷èä ºìíº íü õóäàëäàæ àâñàí ¿íýò öààñàà ººð õîîðîíäîî àðèëæäàã (Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çîõèöóóëàõ õîðîî). Õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààíä ìýäýýëëèéí óðñãàë ìàø ÷óõàë ¿¿ðýãòýé áàéäàã. Ìàíàé áàíêóóä ºíºº õèð çýýëäýã÷äèéíõýý äàâõàð áàëàíñûã õ¿ëýýí çºâøººðäºã íü ìýäýýëëèéí èë òîä áàéäëûã áîîìèëæ, äàëä ýäèéí çàñãèéã ººãø¿¿ëäýã ñóë òàëòàé. Òýãâýë õºðºíãèéí áèðæ äýýðõ îëîí òîîíû õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äûí èòãýëèéã õ¿ëýýõèéí òóëä êîìïàíèóä á¿õ ìýäýýëëýý èë ãàðãàõ ¸ñòîé áîëäîã. ªºðººð õýëáýë, õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ýð÷èìæñýíýýð êîìïàíèéí çàñàãëàë ñàéæèð÷, èë òîä áàéäàë íýìýãäýõ ìàãàäëàëòàé. ͺ㺺 òàëààñ, õóâüöàà ýçýìøèã÷äèéí ýðõ àøãèéã õàìãààëàõ ýðõç¿éí òîãòîëöîî òºëºâøººã¿é òîõèîëäîëä õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ýäèéí çàñãèéã õÿìðóóëàõ ìàãàäëàëòàé þì.

Æèæèã Òàâàí Òîëãîé õýìýýãääýã Òàâàí Òîëãîé ÕÊ çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýëãýýãýýð Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéã òýðã¿¿ëæ áàéíà. 2010 îíû 37 äàõü äîëîî õîíîãèéí áàéäëààð òóñ êîìïàíèéí íýãæ õóâüöàà 500 ìÿíãàí òºãðºãèéí ¿íýëãýýòýé áàéñàí áà çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýëãýý íü áèðæèéí íèéò ¿íýëãýýíèé 22 õóâèéã á¿ðä¿¿ëæýý. Òàâàí Òîëãîé ÕÊ-èéí õóâüöààíû 51% îðîí íóòãèéí çàñàã çàõèðãààíû ìýäýëä áàéäàã áîë 34 õóâèéã íü “Àæíàé” êîðïîðàöè, 7.5 õóâèéã íü êîìïàíèéí óäèðäëàãà ýçýìøäýã áà ¿ëäñýí 7.5 õóâü íü õºâºã÷ õóâüöàà þì (Eurasia Capital). 2009 îíä òóñ êîìïàíè 55,000 òºãðºãèéí íîîãäîë àøèã çàðëàñàí íü Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ò¿¿õýí äýõ õàìãèéí ºäºð íîîãäîë àøãààð òîäîð÷ýý. Çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýëãýý (òýðáóì òºãðºã) 1 Òàâàí òîëãîé................................................. 263.32 2 Øèâýý îâîî................................................... 161.03 3 Áàãàíóóð......................................................... 140.53 4 ÀÏÓ.................................................................. 133.72 5 ÌÖÕîëáîî..................................................... 97.01 6 Øàðûí ãîë..................................................... 79.55 7 Ãîâü.................................................................. 42.52 8 ÁèÄèÑåê......................................................... 26.95 9 Óëñûí èõ äýëã¿¿ð.......................................... 16.56 10 Ìîíãîëèà Äåâåëîïìåíò Ðåñîðñåñ......... 15.75 ¹ Õ óâ ü öà à ò ê î ìï à í è

Áóñàä...................................................................... 209.54 Áèðæèéí íèéò ¿íýëãýý..................... 1,186.48 Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: ÁèÄèÑåê ÕÊ, 2010 îíû 9-ð ñàð

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íèéòäýý 23 òýðáóì òºãðºãèéí àðèëæàà Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýëãýý õèéãäæýý \¯íäýñíèé 1,200,000.0¥ 1 ñòàòèñòèêèéí õîðîî\.

80% Ýíý íü ìºí îíû áèðæèéí 1,000,000.0¥ 60% çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýëãýýíèé 4 îð÷èì õóâü þì. ¯íýò 800,000.0¥ 40% öààñíû õºðâºõ ÷àäâàðûã 20% 600,000.0¥ èëòãýõ ýíýõ¿¿ õàðüöàà 0 õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýë ºíäºð 400,000.0¥ -20% õºãæñºí óëñ îðíóóäàä 100% -40% áóþó ò¿¿íýýñ äýýø áàéõ 200,000.0¥ -60% íü ýëáýã áàéäàã (Çóðàã 6). Õóâüöààò êîìïàíèóäûí 0.0¥ -80% á¿òýö, õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äûí 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 èäýâõã¿é áàéäëûí óëìààñ Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí õºðâºõ ÷àäâàð ìàø ìóó áàéãàà þì.

2010 îíû 8-ð ñàðûí 31-íä áèðæèä á¿ðòãýëòýé Èõýíõ êîìïàíèéí õóâüöàà òóõàéí êîìïàíèéí êîìïàíèóäûí çàõ çýýëèéí íèéò ¿íýëãýý àíõ óäàà óäèðäëàãûí ãàðò òºâëºðñºí áàéäàã áîëîõîîð 1 èõ íàÿä òºãðºãò õ¿ðñýí áà ýíý íü àðèëæààíû íèéòèéí ýçýìøèëä áàéäàã áîëîí àðèëæààëàõ áàíêóóäûí íèéò àêòèâûí 20 õóâü, ÄÍÁ-èéí 16 áîëîìæòîé õóâüöàà áóþó õºâºã÷ õóâüöààíû õóâü õóâüòàé òýíöýæ áàéíà (Çóðàã 5). õýìæýý ìàø áàãà áàéäàã. Æèøýý íü, ÀÏÓ ÕÊ-èéí õóâüöààíû 92 õóâü óäèðäëàãûíõ íü ýçýìøèëä Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèä 353 õóâüöààò áàéäàã áà òóñ êîìïàíèéí íèéò õóâüöààíû åð人 êîìïàíèéí ¿íýò öààñ àëáàí ¸ñíû á¿ðòãýëòýé.

8 õóâü íü çàõ çýýë äýýð ÷ºëººòýé àðèëæààëàãäàæ Ãýõäýý ¿éë àæèëëàãàà íü çîãñîîä ãóðâààñ äýýø áàéíà (Eurasia Capital). æèë áîëñîí 160 ãàðóé êîìïàíèéí àðèëæààã Òîâ÷õîí ä¿ãíýõýä, õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çîõèöóóëàõ õîðîîíîîñ ò¿ð àæèëëàãàà ºì÷ õóâü÷ëàëûí ¿åèéí ò¿âøèíä ãàöñàí çîãñîîãîîä áàéãàà òóë áîäèòîîð àðèëæààíä ãýæ õýëæ áîëíî. Áèðæèä øèíýýð á¿ðòã¿¿ëæ, îðæ áóé ¿íýò öààñíû òîî 200 îð÷èì áàéãàà þì. àíõäàã÷ çàõ çýýëä àìæèëòòàé õóâüöàà ãàðãàñàí Õºðºíãèéí áèðæ ¿¿ñãýí áàéãóóëàãäñíààñ õîéø ÁèÄèÑåê, Ìîíãîëèà Äåâåëîïìåíò Ðåñîðñåñ, åð人 12 êîìïàíè øèíýýð á¿ðòãýãäýí IPO õèéæýý Æåíêî Òóð Áþðî çýðýã êîìïàíèéã äóðäàæ áîëîõ (Frontier Securities). ªì÷ õóâü÷ëàëûí õ¿ðýýíä áîëîâ÷ áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà åðºíõèé人 áèðæèä á¿ðòãýãäñýí êîìïàíèóäûí 30 îð÷èì õóâü çîãñîíãè õýâýýð áàéãàà þì. íü ÕÕÊ õýëáýðýý𠺺ð÷ëºí áàéãóóëàãäñàí áà 2010 îíä ãýõýä ë Ýðäýíýò õèâñ, ÍÈÊ, Ñïèðò áàë áóðàì Ýíý íü ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí õºãæèëòýé íÿãò çýðýã òîìîîõîí êîìïàíèóä áèðæèéí á¿ðòãýëýýñ õîëáîîòîé. Äîòîîäûí çàõ çýýëýýñ ìºí㺠áîñãîõûí õàñàãäñàí áàéíà. òóëä õóâüöààò êîìïàíèóä áàíêóóäòàé ºðñºëäºõ øààðäëàãàòàé áîëíî. Áàíêíû õàäãàëàìæèéí õ¿¿ 2009 îíä Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæ äýýð Çóðàã 5: Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýëãýý, ò¿¿íèé ºñºëò

ժЪÍÃÈÉÍ Ìîíãîë Óëñûí õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýë äýýð 2010 îíû ýõíèé áàéäëààð õºðºíãèéí áèðæ 1, òºëáºð òîîöîî, õàäãàëàìæèéí áàéãóóëëàãà 1, áðîêåð, äèëëåð, àíäåððàéòåðûí 49 êîìïàíè Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çîõèöóóëàõ õîðîîíîîñ îëãîñîí òóñãàé çºâøººðëèéí äàãóó ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëæ áàéíà. Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çîõèöóóëàõ õîðîî íü • ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí òîãòâîðòîé áàéäëûã õàíãàõ, ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí ¿éë÷èëãýýã

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çîõèöóóëàõ, õîëáîãäîõ õóóëü òîãòîîìæèéí áèåëýëòýä õÿíàëò òàâèõ, õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷, ¿éë÷ë¿¿ëýã÷äèéí ýðõ àøãèéã õàìãààëàõ ÷èã ¿¿ðýã á¿õèé òºðèéí áàéãóóëëàãà þì.

• Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæ ÕÊ íü õóâüöààò êîìïàíèóäûí ¿íýò öààñûã òîäîðõîé øàëãóóðûí äàãóó á¿ðòãýí àâ÷ àíãèëàë òîãòîîõ, ¿íýò öààñíû àðèëæààã èë òîä, íýýëòòýé, øóäàðãà ÿâóóëæ, îëîí íèéòèéã ¿íýò öààñíû àðèëæààíû ìýäýý, ìýäýýëëýýð õàíãàæ,

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

ÇÝÝËÈÉÍ õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äûí íèéòëýã ýðõ àøãèéã õàìãààëàõ ¿íäñýí ÷èã ¿¿ðýãòýé àæèëëàäàã.

• ¯íýò öààñíû òºëáºð òîîöîî, òºâëºðñºí õàäãàëàìæèéí òºâ ÕÕÊ íü ¿íýò öààñíû òºëáºð òîîöîî, õàäãàëàìæèéí ãýñýí ¿íäñýí õî¸ð ¿éë àæèëëàãààã äàãíàí ýðõýëäýã áºãººä Çàñãèéí ãàçðûí áîëîí êîìïàíèéí áîíä, õóâüöààíû òºëáºð òîîöîîã áýëýí, áýëýí áóñààð ã¿éöýòãýäýã. Õàðèí òóñ áàéãóóëëàãûí õàäãàëàìæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààíä ¿íýò öààñûã

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Çóðàã 6: Õóâüöààíû àðèëæààíû ýðãýëò (Àðèëæààíû ä¿í áîëîí çàõ çýýëèéí äóíäàæ ¿íýëãýýíèé õàðüöàà, æèëèéí äóíäæààð)

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Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Äýëõèéí áàíê, 2009 îí (* òýìäýãòýé áîë 2008 îí)

õàíãàëòòàé ºíäºð áàéõàä õóâüöààíä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàõ ñîíèðõîë áàãà áàéõ íü îéëãîìæòîé. Ìîíãîëûí õóâüä õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýë õàðüöàíãóé øèíý îéëãîëò òóë èðãýäýä íààä çàõ íü ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí ìýäëýã, ÷àäâàð ¿ã¿éëýãäýæ áàéíà. Ãàäíû õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷èä õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààã èäýâõæ¿¿ëíý ãýäýãò íàéäàæ áóé áîëîâ÷ ºíººäðèéí áàéäëààð åð人 627 ãàäààäûí èðãýí, 67 ãàäààäûí àæ àõóéí íýãæ ¿íýò öààñíû òºâëºðñºí õàäãàëàìæèíä äàíñ íýýëãýæýý (Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí Çîõèöóóëàõ Õîðîî). Ãàäààäûí çàõ çýýëýýñ ìºí㺠òàòàõ áîëîìæèéã íýìýãä¿¿ëäýã íü õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ìàø òîì äàâóó òàë þì. Ìîíãîëûí ýäèéí çàñàãò õºðºí㺠îðóóëàõ ñîíèðõîëòîé ãàäààäûí èðãýä, àæ àõóéí íýãæ¿¿ä Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí àðèëæààíä îðîëöîõ á¿ðýí áîëîìæòîé áîëîâ÷ áèðæèä á¿ðòãýëòýé õóâüöààò êîìïàíèóä õºðºíãº

¯ÍÄÑÝÍ ãýðýýíèé ¿íäñýí äýýð òºâëºðñºí õàäãàëàìæèä õàäãàëàí, ¿íýò öààñ ýçýìøèã÷äèéí á¿ðòãýë õºòëºõ, òºâëºðñºí õàäãàëàìæèä äàíñ íýýõ, õààõ, ºì÷ëºõ ýðõèéí á¿ðòãýëä ººð÷ëºëò îðóóëàõ áîëîí ¿¿ðãèéí ã¿éöýòãýë õàíãóóëàõòàé õîëáîãäñîí ¿éë÷èëãýýã õàìààð÷ áàéíà.

• Áðîêåð, äèëëåðèéí êîìïàíè íü ¿íýò öààñíû çàõ çýýë äýõ àðèëæààíû ¿íý õàíøèéí òàëààð ìýäýýëýë ºãºõ, òóõàéí ºì÷ëºã÷èéí

îðóóëàã÷äûí ñîíèðõëûã òºäèéëºí òàòàæ ÷àääàãã¿é. Òîìîîõîí òºñºë õýðýãæ¿¿ëýõ ãýæ áóé Ì î í ã î ë û í êîìïàíèóä ãàäíû áèðæèéã ñîíèðõîæ áóé íü ç¿é ¸ñíû õýðýã ÷, äàâõàð äîòîîäûíõîî áèðæ äýýð õóâüöàà ãàðãàâàë Ìîíãîëûí Õ º ð º í ã è é í Áèðæèéí ýðãýëò ñàéæèð÷ ìàãàäã¿é þì. ̺í ò¿¿í÷ëýí, Ìîíãîëä ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëæ áóé ãàäíû òîìîîõîí êîìïàíèóäàä äîòîîäûí áèðæ äýýð õóâüöàà àðèëæèõ íºõöºë òàâèõ òàëààð ÿðüæ ýõýëñýí íü Ìîíãîëûí õºðºíãèéí áèðæèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààíä ýåðýãýýð íºëººëæ áîëîõ þì. Õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëèéã õºãæ¿¿ëýõýä ýðõ ç¿éí îð÷èí ìàø ÷óõàë ãýäãèéã äàõèí õýëüå. Õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äûí ýðõ àøãèéã õàìãààëæ, õóâüöààò êîìïàíèóäûí çàñàãëàëä õÿíàëò òàâüæ ÷àäààã¿é òîõèîëäîëä õàäãàëàìæ çýýëèéí õîðøîîíû äóóëü äàâòàãäàõã¿é ãýõ ãàçàðã¿é. Ìîíãîë óëñàä áàéãàëèéí áàÿëàã, ýäèéí çàñãèéí íººö áîëîëöîî õàíãàëòòàé áàéãàà áîëîâ÷ ýðõ ç¿éí çîõèöóóëàëòûí õóâüä äóòàãäàëòàé ç¿éë èõ áàéíà. Ýíý áîë áèäíèé õàìãèéí òîì ñóë òàë. Ìîíãîë÷óóä áèä ñóë òàëàà çàñ÷ çàëðóóëàõ àëñûí õàðààòàé þó, ¿ã¿é þó ãýäýã àñóóëòûã õàðèí óíøèã÷ òàíä ¿ëäýýå.

ÒÎÃËÎÃ×ÈÄ

ºì÷ëºë äýõ ¿íýò öààñûã õóäàëäàõ áîëîí õóäàëäàí àâàõ çàõèàëãà àâ÷ áèåë¿¿ëýõ ¿íäñýí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ýðõýëäýã.

• Àíäåððàéòåð íü øèíýýð õóâüöàà ãàðãàæ áóé êîìïàíèàñ íèéòýä ñàíàë áîëãîæ áóé õóâüöààã àíõäàã÷ çàõ çýýë äýýð áîðëóóëàõ, ýñâýë ººðºº õóäàëäàí àâààä ýðã¿¿ëýí îëîí íèéòýä õóäàëäàõ ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ýðõýëäýã ýòãýýä þì. Îëîí óëñûí ïðàêòèêò àíäåððàéòåðóóä íü èõýâ÷ëýí õºðºíãº

îðóóëàëòûí áàíêóóä áàéäàã. Õàðèí ìàíàé óëñàä àíäåððàéòåðûí òóñãàé çºâøººðºëòýé ¿íýò öààñíû êîìïàíèóä àíõäàã÷ çàõ çýýëä ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëæ áàéíà. Ìàíàé óëñàä îäîîãîîð ¯íýò öààñíû çàõ çýýëèéí òóõàé, Êîìïàíèé òóõàé, Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí çîõèöóóëàõ õîðîîíû ýðõ ç¿éí áàéäëûí òóõàé çýðýã õóóëèéí õ¿ðýýíä õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâàãäàæ áàéíà. Ýõ ñóðâàëæ: Ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí Çîõèöóóëàõ Õîðîî

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÎÍÖËÎÕ ÑÝÄÝÂ

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õÝÐÕÝÍ IPO õèéõ ÂÝ

Àëáàí áóñ õºòº÷

õàòóó ¿¿ðýã á¿õèé ãýðýý áàéãóóëñàí íºõöºëä òàíû õóâüöàà çàðàãäààã¿é òîõèîëäîëä áàíê òîãòîîñîí ¿íýýð á¿õ õóâüöààã òàíü õóäàëäàæ àâàõ ¿¿ðýã õ¿ëýýíý, best efforts áóþó õè÷ýýë ç¿òãýë ãàðãàõ ãýðýý áàéãóóëñàí íºõöºëä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷ íàðò òàíû õóâüöààã õóäàëäàõûã õè÷ýýõýýñ áèø ººðºº õóäàëäàæ àâàõ ¿¿ðýã õ¿ëýýõã¿é. Ò¿¿íýýñ ãàäíà, all or none ãýðýý áàéãóóëáàë á¿õ õóâüöàà çàðàãäààã¿é òîõèîëäîëä ãýðýý öóöëàãääàã áîë bought deal ãýðýý áàéãóóëàãäñàí òîõèîëäîëä IPO íèéòýä çàðëàãäàõààñ ºìíº õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí áàíê òóõàéí êîìïàíèéí á¿õ õóâüöààã øóóä õóäàëäàí àâ÷, óëìààð çàõ çýýëä áèå äààí àðèëæäàã áàéíà. Àíäåððàéòåðûí õºëñ ãýðýýíèé íºõö뺺ñ øàëòãààëäàã áà ýíý íü ÀÍÓ-ä àðèëæààíû ¿íèéí ä¿íãèéí 5.6 îð÷èì õóâü áàéäàã áîë áóñàä çàõ çýýëä äóíäæààð 3.5 õóâü áàéäàã ãýíý. àíäåððàéòåð ñîíãîñíû äàðààãààð õóâüöààãàà àðèëæèõ ãýæ áóé õºðºíãèéí áèðæèä á¿ðòã¿¿ëýõ çºâøººðºë àâíà.

ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝËÈÉÍ ÍªÕÖªË ÁÀÉÄÀË

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› Àìæèëòòàé IPO õèéõýä òàíàé êîìïàíèéí ñàíõ¿¿, ýäèéí çàñãèéí ¿ç¿¿ëýëòýýñ ãàäíà çàõ çýýëèéí íºõöºë áàéäàë ìàø ÷óõàë. Õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷èä òàíàé êîìïàíèéí õóâüöààã õóäàëäàæ àâàõàä ñàíõ¿¿ áîëîí ñýòãýëç¿éí õóâüä áýëýí áàéõ õýðýãòýé. Óóë óóðõàéí êîìïàíèóäûí õóâüä, ò¿¿õèé ýäèéí ¿íý õàíø ºíäºð áàéõàä IPO õèéõ íü èë¿¿ àøèãòàé áàéäàã.

ÁÝËÒÃÝË ÀÆÈË

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› Õºðºíãèéí áèðæ äýýð àíõ óäàà õóâüöàà ãàðãàõ ãýæ áàéãàà áîë äîð õàÿæ õî¸ð æèëèéí ºìíººñ áýëòãýõ õýðýãòýé ãýíý. Íýí ò¿ð¿¿íä, êîìïàíèà õóâüöààò êîìïàíè áîëãîí ººð÷ëºí áàéãóóëàõàä áýëýí ¿¿, ¿ã¿é þó ãýäãýý ñàéòàð áîäîëöîæ, ìýðãýæëèéí áàéãóóëëàãààñ çºâëºãºº àâàõûã õè÷ýý. Õýðýâ òà ýíýõ¿¿ àñóóëòàä “Òèéì” ãýæ õàðèóëáàë íàðèéâ÷èëñàí áèçíåñ òºëºâëºãºº ãàðãàæ, ÷àäâàðëàã óäèðäëàãûí áàãòàé áîëæ àâàõ íü õàìãààñ ÷óõàë þì. Êîìïàíèéí ä¿ðýì, æóðàì, ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí òàéëàí áîëîí êîìïàíèéí çàñàãëàë, ¿éë àæèëëàãààòàé õîëáîîòîé áóñàä áè÷èã áàðèìòàà öýãöýëæ, êîìïàíèà ººð÷ëºí áàéãóóëàõàä áýëòãý. Ýëäýâ ìàðãààíòàé àñóóäàë áàéäàã áîë òýäíèéãýý ýðòõýí øèã öýãöëýýðýé.

ǪÂ˪ÕÈÉÍ ÁÀÃ

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› IPO õèéõ ÿâöàä òà ìàø îëîí õ¿ì¿¿ñòýé õàìòàð÷ àæèëëàõ áîëíî. Ýõíèé ýýëæèíä õºðºíãèéí áèðæ äýýð àæèëëàæ áàéñàí òóðøëàãàòàé õóóëèéí çºâëºõ áîëîí íÿãòëàí áîäîõ á¿ðòãýë, àóäèòûí êîìïàíèòàé ãýðýý áàéãóóëàõ øààðäëàãàòàé. Êîìïàíèéí ä¿ðýì æóðàì, IPO-íû äàðààõ ¿éë àæèëëàãàà, Ò¯Ç-èéí á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿í çýðýã àñóóäëûã õóóëèéí çºâëºõ¿¿ä òàíü õàðèóöàõ áîë ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí òàéëàí, áóñàä áè÷èã áàðèìòàä àóäèò õèéæ, àøèã îðëîãûã òàíü ãýð÷ëýõ àæëûã àóäèòûí êîìïàíè õèéíý. ̺í ìýðãýæëèéí PR êîìïàíè õºëñëºõºä ÷ èë¿¿äýõã¿é áàéæ ìýäíý. Ýíýõ¿¿ ìýðãýæëèéí áàã òàíü êîìïàíèà õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä òààòàé ºíö㺺ñ òàíèóëæ, òýäíèé èòãýëèéã õ¿ëýýõýä òàíü òóñàëíà.

ÀÍÄÅÐÐÀÉÒÅÐÛÍ ÑÎÍÃÎËÒ

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› Õºðºíãèéí çàõ çýýëä øèíýýð õóâüöàà ãàðãàõ ãýæ áóé êîìïàíèéí õóâüä àíäåððàéòåðûí ñîíãîëò ìàø ÷óõàë áàéäàã. Àíäåððàéòåð íü íèéòýä ñàíàë áîëãîæ áóé õóâüöààã àíõäàã÷ çàõ çýýë äýýð áîðëóóëàõ, ýñâýë ººðºº õóäàëäàí àâààä ýðã¿¿ëýí îëîí íèéòýä õóäàëäàõ ¿éë àæèëëàãààã ýðõýëäýã ýòãýýä þì. Îëîí óëñûí çàõ çýýë äýýð àíäåððàéòåðûí ¿¿ðãèéã õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí áàíêóóä ã¿éöýòãýäýã. Òýä õè÷íýýí õóâüöàà ãàðãàõ, ÿìàð ¿íýýð áîðëóóëàõ, àëü áèðæèä õàíäàõ, ÿìàð òºðëèéí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä ñàíàë áîëãîõ çýðýã îëîí ÷óõàë àñóóëòàä õàðèóëàõàä òàíü òóñàëíà. ¯íèéí ä¿í èõòýé IPO-íû òºñºë äýýð õî¸ð áóþó ò¿¿íýýñ äýýø õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí áàíê õàìòðàí àæèëëàõ íü áèé. Àíäåððàéòåð áóþó õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí áàíêòàé õýä õýäýí òºðëèéí ãýðýý áàéãóóëæ áîëäîã: firm commitment áóþó

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÉÍ ÒÀÍÈËÖÓÓËÃÀ

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› Ýíý áîë òàíû êîìïàíèéã õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä òàíèëöóóëàõ ¿íäñýí áè÷èã áàðèìò þì. Òàíèëöóóëãàä êîìïàíèéí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí ¿ç¿¿ëýëò, áèçíåñèéí òºëºâëºãºº, àøèã îðëîãûí òîîöîî áîëîí áóñàä ìýäýýëýë áàãòäàã. Ò¿¿í÷ëýí, õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä ó÷èð÷ áîëçîøã¿é ýðñäëèéã òóñãàéëàí äóðäñàí áàéõ ¸ñòîé. Òàíèëöóóëãûã áýëäýõýä àíäåððàéòåð áîëîí çºâëºõ êîìïàíèóä ÷óõàë ¿¿ðýã ã¿éöýòãýäýã.

ÑÓÐÒÀË×ÈËÃÀÀÍÛ ÀßÍ

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› Êîìïàíèéí òàíèëöóóëãà, áóñàä ç¿éëñ áýëýí áîëñîí òîõèîëäîëä êîìïàíèéí óäèðäëàãà, õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí áàíêíû ìåíåæåð, çºâëºõ¿¿äèéí áàã ñóðòàë÷èëãààíû àÿíä ãàðäàã. Ñóðòàë÷èëãààíû àÿíû õ¿ðýýíä òîìîîõîí ñàíõ¿¿ãèéí òºâ¿¿äýýð çî÷èëæ, õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äàä íýãäñýí ïðåçåíòàöè òàâèõààñ ãàäíà õóâü õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷òàé òóñãàéëàí óóëçàæ, êîìïàíèà ñóðòàë÷èëíà. Ýíý ¿åä õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòûí áàíêíûõàí õóâüöààã õóäàëäàí àâàõ ñîíèðõîë èëýðõèéëñýí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äûí æàãñààëòûã ãàðãàæ, çàõ çýýëèéí ýðýëòèéã òîîöîîëäîã.

ÕÓÂÜÖÀÀÍÛ ¯ÍÝ

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› Ñóðòàë÷èëãààíû àÿíû õ¿ðýýíä öóãëóóëñàí ìýäýýëýëäýý ¿íäýñëýí õóâüöààíû àíõíû ¿íèéã òîãòîîäîã áà õºðºí㺠îðóóëàã÷äûí ñîíèðõîë, çàõ çýýëèéí ÷èã õàíäëàãà, êîìïàíèéí àøèã îðëîãûã òîîöîîëñíû ¿íäñýí äýýð çàõ çýýëèéí ýðýëòýä òîõèðñîí ¿íýëãýý òîãòîîõ íü ìàø ÷óõàë þì.

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› Îëîí ñàðûí óéãàã¿é õºäºëìºð òàíü ¿ð ä¿íãýý ºã÷, êîìïàíèéíõàà õóâüöààã àðèëæèõ ºäºð èðëýý. Áàÿð õ¿ðãýå!

TABULA RASA

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Ñîíèí ñýòã¿¿ëèéíõýí õ¿ì¿¿ñò àñóóëò òàâèõäàà ãàðãóóí áàéäàã. “Õýí? Õýçýý? Õààíà? ßàãààä?” Òýãâýë “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýòã¿¿ëèéí TABULA RASA õýìýýõ ýíýõ¿¿ áóëàí ÿìàð ÷ àñóóëòã¿éãýýðýý îíöëîã þì. Áèä çî÷èíäîî ñýòã¿¿ëèéíõýý íýã í¿¿ðèéã “áýëýãëýæ”, þó äóðòàéãàà áè÷èõ \çóðàõ, ñèéëýõ, õàé÷ëàõ, ñóðòàë÷ëàõ, ã.ì.\-ûã ñàíàë áîëãîäîã. Ýíý äóãààðûí çî÷íîîð àðõèòåêòîð Á.Áàòìºíõ óðèãäëàà. Òýðáýý𠺺ðèéí á¿òýýëäýý “Ýð¿¿ë óõààí ýðãýæ èðíý ãýäýãò èòãýíý... Õ¿ëýýëò” ãýñýí íýð ºãñºí þì.

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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POLITICS

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Áðîàäáýíä êîìïàíè digital signage (äèæèòàë ñàéíýéæ) îð÷èí ¿åèéí äýâøèëòýò òåõíîëîãèä ñóóðèëñàí ìåäèà ñóðòàë÷èëãààíû ¿éë÷èëãýýã áèçíåñ ýðõëýã÷ òà á¿õýíä ñàíàë áîëãîæ áàéíà. Ìåäèà ñóðòàë÷èëãàà íü àëèâàà áàéãóóëëàãûí á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í, ¿éë÷èëãýý, ìýäýýëëèéã îëîí íèéòýä õ¿ðãýõ õàìãèéí ¿ð ä¿íòýé, õÿìä ñóðòàë÷èëãààíû ñóâàã þì.

Áðîàäáýíä êîìïàíèéí ìåäèà ñóðòàë÷èëãààíû ñ¿ëæýý Óëààíáààòàð õîòîä õàìãèéí ºðãºí õ¿ðýýã õàìàðäàã. Áèä õ¿ì¿¿ñèéí òºâëºðºë èõòýé õóäàëäààíû òºâ, çî÷èä áóóäàë, ðåñòîðàí, ïàá, îôôèñ, ýìíýëýã, êèíî òåàòð çýðýã 100 ãàðóé öýãò ñóðòàë÷èëãààíû äýëãýöýý áàéðøóóëñàí áà òàíû çàð ñóðòàë÷èëãàà çîðèëòîò çàõ çýýëä òàíü íàéäâàðòàé õ¿ðýõ áîëíî ãýäýãò èòãýëòýé áàéíà.

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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INCEPTION: ǯ¯ÄÝÍ ÄÎÒÎÐÕ Ç¯¯Ä + ÖÀ ÕÈÌ ÕÎÒ + Ô¨ÄÎÐ ÄÎÑÒÎÅÂÑÊÈÉ: “ÃÀÇÀÐ ÄÎÎÐÕÈÉÍ ÒÝÌÄÝÃËÝË“

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INCEPTION:

ǯ¯ÄÝÍ ÄÎÒÎÐÕ Ç¯¯Ä Êðèñòîôåð Íîëàí. Òýð áîë Õîëëèâóäûí õàìãèéí hot íàéðóóëàã÷. 2000 îíä õèéñýí “Memento” íü àëü õýäèéí êóëüò êèíî áîëñîí. Õî¸ð æèëèéí ºìíºõ “The Dark knight” íü “Titanic”-ûí áîðëóóëàëòûí ðåêîðäûã ýâäñýí. “Íîëàí áîë îð÷èí öàãèéí Õèò÷êîê” ãýõ íü ÷ áèé.

> ͺ㺺 òàëààñ, ò¿¿íèé êèíîíóóäûã äýíä¿¿ õ¿éòýí, õýò îþóíëàã ãýæ ø¿¿ìæèëäýã õýñýã áèé. Ò¿¿íèé áààòðóóä èõýâ÷ëýí ãàíöààðäìàë, íóóöëàãäìàë, áèåý áàðüñàí õ¿ì¿¿ñ áàéäàã. Èõýíõ íü ÿìàð íýã ñýòãýëç¿éí àñóóäàëòàé. “Memento”-ãèéí ãîë ä¿ð øèíý äóðñàìæ ¿¿ñãýõ ÷àäâàðã¿é íýãýí áîë “Insomnia”-ãèéí áààòàð íîéðã¿éäýëòýé. “Inception” ÷ ÿëãààã¿é.

“Inception”-û ãîë ä¿ð Äîì Êîáá (Ëåîíàðäî ÄèÊàïðèî) áîë õóëãàé÷. Ãýõäýý æèðèéí íýã õóëãàé÷ áèø. Òýð õ¿ì¿¿ñèéí ç¿¿äýíä íýâòðýí îðæ íóóöûã íü õóëãàéëäàã. Ýíý ñàëáàðòàà òýð øèëäýã íü. Äààí÷ ýõíýð Ìàëë (Ìàðèîí Êîòèÿð) íü íàñ áàðñíààñ õîéø àñóóäàë ¿¿ñýõ áîëñîí. Õ¿íèé ç¿¿äýýð òýí¿¿÷ëýõýä íü ýõíýðèéíõ íü “òóñãàë – ç¿¿ä – äóðñàìæ” ãýâ ãýíýò ãàð÷ èðýí á¿õ ç¿éëèéã ¿éì¿¿ëæ îðõèíî. Ç¿¿äýíäýý òàëèéãàà÷ ýõíýðòýéãýý õýð¿¿ë õèéæ áîëíî ãýæ ¿¿? Äîêòîð Ôðîéäûíõîîð áîë, ç¿¿äíèé åðòºíöºä õ¿íèé äàëä óõàìñðûí ò¿ëõ¿¿ð îðøäîã. Õ¿í ç¿¿äýíäýý ìºí

÷àíàðàà íýýäýã ó÷ðààñ ç¿¿ä ãýäýã áîë õàìãèéí ãàíöààðëàãäìàë, õàìãèéí íàíäèí ìº÷ áàéäàã. Õàðèí íàéðóóëàã÷ Íîëàíûõààð áîë, ç¿¿äíèé åðòºíö õèéìýë áóþó õ¿íèé îþóíààð á¿òýýãääýã ç¿éë ó÷ðààñ æèíõýíý ìýò ç¿¿äèéã çîõèîí á¿òýýæ, ç¿¿äëýã÷èéí äàëä óõàìñðûã õóóð÷ áîëîõ àæ. Õàìòäàà ç¿¿äýëæ ÷ áîëíî. Òýãâýë ç¿¿äëýã÷èéí îþóí óõààíä íýâòðýí îðæ íóóöûã íü õóëãàéëàõ áîëîìæ á¿ðäýíý. Ãýõäýý ýíý óäààä Êîáá èë¿¿ õýö¿¿ äààëãàâàðòàé. Òýð Ðîáåðò Ôèøåð (Ñèëëèàí ̺ðôè) ãýã÷ äýëõèéí õàìãèéí òîì ýíåðãèéí êîìïàíèéí ºâ çàëãàìæëàã÷èéí îþóí óõààíä íýâòðýí îðæ äàëä óõàìñàðò íü êîìïàíèà çàäëàõ ñàíààã ñóóëãàõ ¸ñòîé. Ç¿¿äýýð íü äàìæóóëàí îþóí óõààíä íü ñýäýë ºãíº ãýñýí ¿ã. Ýíý áîë èíñåïøí. Èíñåïøí õèéõýä íýã ç¿¿ä õàíãàëòã¿é. Äàëä óõàìñðûíõ íü ã¿íä íýâòðýõèéí òóëä ç¿¿äýí äîòîðõ ç¿¿äýí äîòîðõ ç¿¿ä áóþó ç¿¿äíèé ãóðàâ äàõü ¿å ðóó îðîõ øààðäëàãàòàé.

ÕÝÍÈÉ Ç¯¯Ä ÂÝ? ǯ¯Ä

Íýãä¿ãýýð ¿å: Áîäèò áàéäàë

¯ÍÄÑÝÍ Ç¯¯ÄËÝÃ×

Áóðõàí

ÕÀÌÒÐÀÍ Ç¯¯ÄËÝÃ×ÈÄ

ǯ¯ÄÍÝÝÑ ÑÝÐÝÝÕ ÖÎÕÈËÒ (The kick)

Á¿ãä

Ãýãýýðâýë ñýðæ ìýäýõ þì.

Õî¸ðäóãààð ¿å: Þñóô Ìèêðîàâòîáóñ äîòîð

Äîì Êîáá, Àðòóð, Àðèàäíå, Èéìñ, Ñàéòî, Ðîáåðò Ôèøåð

Ìèêðîàâòîáóñûã ã¿¿ðýí äýýðýýñ óíàãààíà.

Ãóðàâäóãààð ¿å: Çî÷èä áóóäàëä

Àðòóð

Äîì Êîáá, Àðèàäíå, Èéìñ, Ñàéòî, Ðîáåðò Ôèøåð

Ëèôòèéã äýëáýëæ óíàãààíà.

ĺðºâä¿ãýýð ¿å: Öàñàí äóíä

Èéìñ

Äîì Êîáá, Àðèàäíå, Ñàéòî, Ðîáåðò Ôèøåð áîëîí Ìàëëûí “ñ¿íñ”

Öàéçûí ñóóðèéã äýëáýëæ óíàãààíà.

Òàâäóãààð ¿å: Ëèìáî

Ç¿¿äíèé öààäàõ åðòºíö

Äîì Êîáá, Àðèàäíå, Ñàéòî, Ðîáåðò Ôèøåð áîëîí Ìàëëûí “ñ¿íñ”

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Àðèàäíå, Ôèøåð õî¸ð áàéøèíãààñ óíàíà. Êîáá, Ñàéòî õî¸ð ººðñäèé㺺 áóóäíà.

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Ò¿¿íýýñ ÷ èë¿¿ ã¿íä íýâòðýõ øààðäëàãà ãàð÷ ìýäíý. Ýñ òýãâýýñ øèíý ñàíàà ñóóõã¿é. Ýíý áîë àìü ýðñäýõ àþóëòàé äààëãàâàð.

“Æóóë÷èí” Ñàéòî íàð áàãòàíà. Á¿ãä ººð ººðñäèéí ñàëáàðòàà øèëäýã íü. Äààí÷ òýä þóíä îðîîöîëäñíîî ìýäýõã¿é...

Ôèøåðûí êîìïàíèéí ¿íäñýí ºðñºëäºã÷ Ñàéòî (Êåí Âàòàíàáå) ãýã÷ ßïîí áèçíåñìåíýýñ ýíýõ¿¿ äààëãàâðûã õ¿ëýýí àâñàí Äîì Êîáá áàãàà á¿ðä¿¿ëæ ýõýëíý. “Ocean’s 11”-ûã ñàíàæ áàéíà óó? Ýðñäýë èõòýé äýýðýì õèéõýä ìàø ñàéí áàã õýðýãòýé áàéäàã ø¿¿ äýý. Êîááûí áàãò, ¿éë àæèëëàãààã òºëºâëºãºº ¸ñîîð ÿâóóëàõ ¿¿ðýãòýé “Çîõèîí áàéãóóëàã÷” Àðòóð (Æîçýô Ãîðäîí-Ëåâèò), ç¿¿äíèé çîõèîìîë åðòºíöèéã æèíõýíý ìýò õàðàãäóóëàõ äààëãàâàðòàé “Àðõèòåêòîð” Àðèàäíå (Ýëëåí Ïýéæ), ç¿¿äýí äîòî𠺺ð õ¿í áîëîí õóâèð÷, ç¿¿äëýã÷èä íºëººëºõ ÷àäàëòàé “Õóâèðàã÷” Èéìñ, ìàø õ¿÷òýé íîéðñóóëàã÷ ýì áýëòãýæ áàãèéí ãèø¿¿äýý óíòóóëàõ àæèëòàé “Õèìè÷” Þñóô (Äèëèï Ðàî) áîëîí àæèãëàã÷èéí õóâèàð àÿëàëä íýãäýõ

Ç¿¿äýí äîòîðõ ç¿¿äýí äîòîðõ ç¿¿äýí äîòîðõ ç¿¿ä. Ñ¿¿ëäýý õýí þó ç¿¿äëýýä áàéãààã ÷ îéëãîõîî áàéíà. Á¿òýí õî¸ð öàã õîðèí ìèíóòûí òóðøèä õýí íýãíèé ç¿¿äýýð àÿëíà ãýäýã ãàéõàëòàé áèø ãýæ ¿¿? Äààí÷ Íîëàíû ç¿¿äíèé åðòºíö äýíä¿¿ ãÿë öàë þì. Ãàíãàí õýýíöýð çàëóó÷óóä, øèë òîëü áîëñîí áàéøèí ñàâ... Æèíõýíý ç¿¿ä çàìáàðààã¿é, îéëãîìæã¿é áàéäàã. ßã ë Ëóè Áóíóýëèéí êèíî øèã. “Èíñåïøí”-û çàðèì íýã õýñýã ¿íýõýýð ãî¸ õèéãäñýí áàéñàí ÷, ç¿¿ä ãýý÷ ç¿éëèéí ìºí ÷àíàðûã òýìòðýýã¿é ìýò. Ìàãàäã¿é Íîëàí íýãýí çýðýã äýíä¿¿ îëîí ç¿éë õèéõèéã îðîëäñîí áàéæ áîëîõ þì. Íýã òàëààñ, Æåéìñ Áîíäûã

ÊÈÍÎ

ñàíàãäóóëàì action – áóóäàëöààí, äýëáýðýëò, æèíã¿éäýëòýé çîäîîí, ã.ì. ͺ㺺 òàëààñ, Ìàòðèêñûã ñàíàãäóóëàì àëüòåðíàòèâ åðòºíö – ç¿¿äýí äîòîðõ ç¿¿ä, äàëä óõàìñðûí “òóñãàë”, ã.ì. Ýíý á¿õíèé öààíà Êîáá áîëîí ò¿¿íèé òàëèéãàà÷ ýõíýðèéí õàéðûí ò¿¿õ ºðíºíº. Ýíý ºíöºã íü ÿàõ àðãàã¿é Ìàðòèí Ñêîðñåçåãèéí “Shutter Island”ûã ñàíàãäóóëíà (Ëåîíàðäî ÄèÊàïðèîä ýõíýðýý àëäñàí, çîâæ øàíàëñàí çàëóóãèéí ä¿ð òààëàãääàã áîëîëòîé). ßìàð ÷ áàéñàí “Inception” ýíý æèëèéí õàìãèéí äóóëèàíòàé êèíî áîëîõ íü ãàðöààã¿é. Íîëàí óãààñàà ë àìáèöòàé êèíî õèéäýã íºõºð. Çóðàãëàë íü ¿íýõýýð òàñàðõàé, çîõèîë íü ÷ óëàìæëàëò summer blockbuster-óóäûã áîäâîë õàìààã¿é óõààíòàé. Ãýõäýý íàäàä, ÿàãààä ÷ þì, ÿìàð íýã ç¿éë äóòóó þì øèã ñàíàãäñàí. Ýñâýë áè äýíä¿¿ õà÷èí ç¿¿ä ç¿¿äýëäýã þì áîëîâ óó?

¯Ç¯¯ØÒÝÉ ØÈÍÝ ÊÈÍÎ “THE SOCIAL NETWORK”

“FREAKONOMICS” Íàéðóóëàã÷(èä): Õàéäè Þèíã, Àëåêñ Ãèáíè, Ñýò Ãîðäîí, Ðýé÷åë Ãðýéäè, Þæèí Æàðåêè, Ìîðãàí Ñïåðëîê

Íàéðóóëàã÷: Äýéâèä Ôèí÷åð (“Se7en” 1995, “Fight Club” 1999, “Panic Room” 2002, “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button” 2008)

Íýýëò: 2010 îíû 10-ð ñàðûí 1

Ä¿ð¿¿äýä: Æåññè Àéçåíáåðã, Ýíäðþ Ãàðôèëä, Æàñòèí Òèìáåðëýéê, п¿íè Ìàðà

> Ýäèéí çàñãèéí ñýäýâòýé íîì çîõèîëûã ýäèéí çàñàã÷èä ë óíøèíà óó ãýõýýñ áèø æèðèéí õ¿ì¿¿ñ óíøèõ íü õîâîð áàéäàã. Õàðèí ×èêàãîãèéí

Íýýëò: 2010 îíû 10-ð ñàðûí 1

> Çàðèì õ¿ì¿¿ñèéí õóâüä Õàðâàðäûí äèïëîì áîë ñîíèí áèø. Õàìãèéí ãîë íü Õàðâàðäûã õàÿæ ãàðìàãöàà òýðáóìòàí áîëîõ ¸ñòîé, ýñ òýãâýýñ loser íýð ç¿¿íý. “Microsoft”-ûí Áèëë Ãýéòñ áàéíà, “Facebook”-ûí Ìàðê Öóêåðáåðã áàéíà. Õî¸óëàà òýðáóìòàí, õî¸óëàà äèïëîìã¿é, õî¸óëàà àñóóäàëòàé.

“The Social Network” õýìýýõ Facebook-ûí ò¿¿õýýñ ñýäýâëýñýí íàéðóóëàã÷ Äýéâèä Ôèí÷åðûí øèíý êèíî óäàõã¿é íýýëòýý õèéõ ãýæ áàéíà. Äýëõèéí õàìãèéí çàëóó òýðáóìòàí Ìàðê Öóêåðáåðã ãýæ õýí áý? Îð÷èí öàãèéí Áèëë Ãýéòñ ¿¿, ýñâýë õ¿íèé ñàíààã õóëãàéëñàí ãýìò ýòãýýä ¿¿? Äýéâèä Ôèí÷åðûí “Fight Club” á¿õýë á¿òýí íýã ¿åèéí ä¿ð çóðãèéã õàðóóëñàí áîë “The Social Network” øèíý ¿åèéíõíèéã òîäîðõîéëîõ áîëîâ óó. ¯ã¿é þì àà ãýõýä, õ¿ì¿¿ñ ÿàæ òýðáóìòàí áîëäãèéã ìýäýæ àâàõàä èë¿¿äýõã¿é áèç.

Èõ Ñóðãóóëèéí ýäèéí çàñàã÷ Ñòèâåí Ëåâèò, Íüþ Éîðê Òàéìñ ñîíèíû ñýòã¿¿ë÷ Ñòèâ Äàáíåð íàðûí õàìòðàí ãàðãàñàí “Freakonomics” (2005) ìàø èõ àìæèëò îëñîí áèëýý. Ó÷èð íü òýä ýäèéí çàñãèéí îíîëûã ºäºð òóòìûí àìüäðàëûí æèøýýãýýð “÷èéãëýæ”, õ¿ì¿¿ñò îéëãîìæòîé áàéäëààð áè÷ñýí. Ëåâèòûí ¿íäñýí ãàðãàëãàà: “Õ¿ì¿¿ñèéí èõýíõ øèéäâýð ýäèéí çàñãèéí óðàìøèëä (incentive) ñóóðèëäàã”. Òýãâýë “Freakonomics” íîì ýíý íàìàð áàðèìòàò êèíî áîëæ ãàðàõ þì áàéíà. Êèíîã á¿òýýõýä áàðèìòàò êèíîíû òºðºëä ìýðãýøñýí 6 íàéðóóëàã÷ àæèëëàæýý. Àëèâàà àñóóäëûã ýäèéí çàñãèéí ºíö㺺ñ õàðæ ñóðàõûã õ¿ñâýë ýíý êèíîã ¿çýýðýé. Ìîíãîë÷óóäàä ñîíèðõîëòîé áàéæ ìàãàäã¿é ç¿éë ãýâýë, çîõèîë÷èä ßïîíû ñ¿ìîãèéí óðàìøëûí òîãòîëöîîã øèíæèëæýý (êèíîíû òðýéëåð äýýð ìàíàé ñ¿ìî÷èä ãàð÷ áàéíà áèëýý). ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÖÀÕÈÌ ÕÎÒ Ìîíãîë×óóäûí èíòåðíýò õýðýãëýý ªñªí íýìýãäýõèéí õèðýýð õîòûíõíû àìüäðàëûã õªíãªâ×ëªõ çîðèëãîòîé âåáñàéòóóä îëøðîõ áîëæýý. “Åñ äàëàí çóðãàà” ñýò㯯ë çàìûí õªäªëãªªíªªñ çóãòàæ, ת몪ò öàãàà çóãààòàé ªíãªðªªõªä òàíü òóñëàõ äàðààõ âåáñàéòóóäûã ñàíàë áîëãîæ áàéíà.

ÇÀÌÛÍ ÕªÄªËêªÍ

› Çàìûí õºäºë㺺íä îðîëöîõäîî õàìãèéí äºò õèéãýýä ò¿ãæðýë áàãàòàé ìàðøðóòûã ñîíãîõûã õ¿ñâýë Çàìûí Õºäºë㺺íèé Óäèðäëàãûí Òºâèéí www.its.mn âåáñàéòàä çî÷èëíî óó. Óã âåáñàéòàä õîòûí çàì õààíàà ò¿ãæèðñýí, õààíàà ÷ºëººòýé áàéãàà òàëààðõ ìýäýýëýë áîäèò öàãò øèíý÷ëýãäýí òàâèãääàã þì áàéíà. Ãàäàãø ãàðàõààñàà ºìíº ÿìàð ìàðøðóò ñîíãîõîî õàðæ áîëîõîîñ ãàäíà ò¿ð õààãäñàí áóþó çàñâàðòàé çàìóóäûí òàëààð ìýäýýëýë àâàõ áîëîìæòîé. Çàìûí õºäºë㺺íèé ìýäýýëëèéã çàìûí óóëçâàðóóä äàõü CCTV-èéí òóñëàìæòàéãààð öóãëóóëæ áîëîâñðóóëàí îëîí íèéòýä õ¿ðãýäýã àæ. Õºäºë㺺íèé à÷ààëàë, õóðäíû ìýäðýã÷òýé õÿíàëòûí êàìåðóóäûã Ìîíãîë, Ñîëîíãîñûí Çàñãèéí ãàçàð õîîðîíäûí óðò õóãàöààíû õºíãºëºëòòýé çýýëýýð ãýðëýí äîõèîã øèíý÷ëýõ àæëûí õ¿ðýýíä ñóóðèëóóëæýý. Îäîîõîíäîî âåáñàéòûí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà á¿ðýí æèãäðýýã¿é áàéãàà ÷, ÿâààíäàà ñàéæèðíà ãýäýãò íàéäúÿ. 12.8 ñàÿ àì.äîëëàðûí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëòòàé òºñºë õîòûíõíû àìüäðàëûã æààõàí ÷ ãýñýí õºíãºëºõ ¸ñòîé áîëîâ óó. Âåáñàéòàà ñàéæðóóëàõûí çýðýãöýý ãàð óòàñíû app õèé÷èõâýë ÷...

¯ÉË ßÂÄÀË

› Óëààíáààòàðò áîëæ áóé îíöëîõ ¿éë ÿâäëûí òàëààðõ Çàìûí õºäºë㺺íèé à÷ààëëûí òàëààðõ ìýäýýëëèéã ìºí Çàìûí Öàãäààãèéí Ãàçðûí Îëîí íèéòòýé õàðèëöàõ òàñãèéí www.stop.mn âåáñàéòààñ ¿çýæ áîëíî (ñîíèíîîñ, ÇÖÃûíõàí ÿàãààä çààâàë STOP ãýäýã íýðèéã ñîíãîñîí þì áîë? www.go.mn áàéæ áîëîîã¿é þì áàéõ äàà?) Äàâóó òàë íü, çàìûí óóëçâàðóóä äàõü õÿíàëòûí êàìåðûí áè÷ëýãèéã ¿çýõ áîëîìæòîé. Õÿíàëòûí êàìåðòàé ãàçàð ìàøèíàà òàâèàä îðõè÷èõñîí áîë ¿å ¿å øàëãààä áàéæ áîëìîîð ñàíàãäñàí, ñàéí õàðâàë ÷èíèé òàíüäàã õ¿í ÷ ÿâæ áàéæ ìýäíý. Õàðàìñàëòàé íü, âåáñàéòûíõ íü á¿òýö íèëýýä ÿðâèãòàé þì áèëýý, user-friendly áàéõ òàë äýýð àíõààðâàë õ¿ì¿¿ñò õ¿ð÷ ìýäýõ þì.

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

ìýäýýëëèéã õ¿ðãýäýã õýä õýäýí âåáñàéò áàéäãààñ www.mongold.mn, www.iloveub.mn õî¸ðûã îíöîëæ áàéíà. ¯éë ÿâäëûí êàëåíäàðü ãýñýí òîäîòãîëòîé www.mongold.mn ºäºð á¿ðèéí ¿çâýð ¿éë÷èëãýý, àðãà õýìæýýã æàãñààäàã áà òýäãýýðèéí çóðàãò õóóäàñ, õîëáîãäîõ ãýðýë çóðãèéã íèéòýëäãýýðýý îíöëîã þì. Ãýì íü ¿éë ÿâäëóóäàà àíãèëäàãã¿é áà çîõèîí áàéãóóëàëòûí õóâüä áàãà çýðýã çàìáàðààã¿é. Õàðèí www.iloveub.mn äèçàéí, çîõèîí áàéãóóëàëò ñàéòàé áîëîâ÷ çºâõºí ñî¸ë óðëàãèéí àðãà õýìæýýãýýð äàãíàäàã áîëîõîîð õàðüöàíãóé ìýäýýëýë áàãàòàé. Çàëóóñò çîðèóëàãäñàí ãýäãýýðýý îíöëîã òóñ âåáñàéò @iheartub õàÿãààð Òâèòòåðò ìýäýýëýë ò¿ãýýäýã íü æèðãýý÷äýä òààëàãäàõ áîëîâ óó.

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ÓÐÀÍ ÇÎÕÈÎË

—Ô¸äîð Äîñòîåâñêèé— “ÃÀÇÀÐ ÄÎÎÐÕÈÉÍ ÒÝÌÄÝÃËÝË”

I-ð á¿ëýã Ãàçàð äîîðõè ¯ðãýëæëýë. Ò¿ð¿¿÷ íü ºìíºõ äóãààðò.

IX Òîãëîñîí þì àà, íî¨ä îî, îíîâ×ã¯é íàðãèàí áîëñíûã áè ººðºº ÷ ìýäýæ áàéíà, ãýõäýý áàñ á¿õ þìûã òîãëîîì øîãëîîì áîëãîõ õýðýãã¿é ë äýý. Ìàãàäã¿é áè ø¿ä çóóí èíýýâõèéëæ áàéãàà ÷ þì áèë¿¿. Ýðõýì ýý, íàìàéã çîâîîäîã àñóóëòóóäàä õàðèóëæ òóñ õ¿ðãýý÷. Æèøýý íü, òà íàð õ¿íèéã õàìàã õóó÷èí çóðøëààñ íü ñàëãàæ, õ¿ñýë çîðèãèéã íü øèíæëýõ óõààí, ýð¿¿ë óõààíä íèéö¿¿ëýí çàñâàðëàõûã õ¿ñäýã ãýëýý. Ãýõäýý õ¿íèéã èéíõ¿¿ ººð÷èëæ áîëîõ, èéíõ¿¿ ººð÷ëºõ ¸ñòîé ãýäãèéã òà ÿàæ ìýäýý âý? Õ¿íèé

õ¿ñëèéã çàñàí õ¿ì¿¿æ¿¿ëýõ øààðäëàãàòàé, ýíý íü õ¿ì¿¿ñò õàìãààñ àøèãòàé ãýäãèéã ÿàæ òîîöîî âý? Îþóí óõààí, ìàòåìàòèêààð áàòëàãäñàí æèíõýíý, áîäèò àøèã ñîíèðõîëäîî çàõèðàãäàõ íü õ¿ì¿¿ñò õàìãààñ àøèãòàé òºäèéã¿é ýíý íü õ¿í òºðºëõòíèé õóâüä õóóëü þì ãýäýãò òà ÿàãààä èéì èòãýëòýé áàéíà âý? Ýíý çºâõºí òàíû áîäîë ø¿¿ äýý. Ëîãèêèéí õóóëü áàéæ áîëíî îî, òýãëýý ãýýä õ¿í òºðºëõòíèé õóóëü áîë÷èõã¿é. Ýðõýì ýý, òà íàìàéã ãàëçóó ñîëèîòîé ãýæ áîäîæ áàéíà óó? Òàéëáàðëàõûã çºâøººðíº ¿¿. Õ¿í áîë á¿òýýë÷ àìüòàí, çîðèëãîî óõàìñàðëàí á¿òýýí áàéãóóëàõ óðëàãò áèå ñýòãýëýý çîðèóëàõ õóâü òàâèëàíòàé, õààøàà ÷ õàìààã¿é çàì òàâüæ ë áàéâàë áîëäîã òèéì àìüòàí ãýäýãòýé ñàíàë íýã ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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áàéíà. Ìàãàäã¿é òýð òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ çàðèìäàà çàìààñàà ãàæèõûã õ¿ñäýã þì áîëîâ óó, õýí ìýäëýý, òýãýýä ÷ øóëóóí øóäàðãà çàíòàé õ¿í òýíýã ÷ ãýñýí, çàì öàã ÿìàãò õàà íýãýí òèéø çàëæ áàéäàã òóë õààøàà ÿâàõ íü ñîíèí áèø, ãàãöõ¿¿ ÿâàõ íü ÷óõàë áóþó çàì òèéíõ¿¿ ¿ðãýëæèëñíýýð õ¿ì¿¿æèë ñàéòàé íÿëõñûã á¿òýýí áàéãóóëàõ óðëàãèéã óìàðòàæ, í¿ãýë á¿õíèé ýõ áîëñîí çàëõóóðàëä àâòàõààñ ñýðãèéëýõ ó÷èðòàé ãýäãèéã õààÿà ÷ áîëîâ óõàìñàðëàäàã áàéõ. Õ¿í çàì òàâèõ áóþó çîõèîí á¿òýýõ äóðòàé, òýð áîë ìàðãààíã¿é. Ãýòýë õ¿í ÿàãààä ýìõ çàìáàðààã¿é áàéäàë, ñ¿éðýëä ÷ ìºí àäèë äóðëàäàã þì áý? Íàäàä õýëýýäõýý÷. Ýíý òàëààð áè òóñàä íü ãàíö õî¸ð ¿ã õýëýõ ãýñýí þì. Òýð çîðèëãîî áèåë¿¿ëæ, áàðüæ áóé áàéøèíãàà äóóñãàõûã õ¿ñäýãã¿é áîëîõîîð ýìõ çàìáàðààã¿é áàéäàë, ñ¿éðýëä òýãòëýý èõ äóðëàäàã áàéæ áîëîõ þì. Òýðõ¿¿ áàéøèí íü çºâõºí õîëîîñ òààëàãääàã áîë ÿàõ âý, ìàãàäã¿é òýð ò¿¿íä àìüäðàõûã áóñ çºâõºí áàðèõûã õ¿ññýí áàéæ áîëíî, ýöýñò íü ò¿¿íèéãýý øîðãîîëæ, õîíü, ã.ì. aux animaux domestiques-ò îðõèí îäíî. Õàðèí øîðãîîëæ áîë øàë ººð ñîíèðõîëòîé. Ò¿¿íä øîðãîîëæíû ¿¿ð õýìýýõ ãàéõàëòàé áàéãóóëàìæ áèé, ìºíõ îðøèõ áàéãóóëàìæ. Ýðõýì øîðãîîëæ ¿¿ðíýýñýý ýõýëñýí, ¿¿ðýýðýý ÷ äóóñàõ áèç, ýíý áîë ò¿¿íèé ýåðýã òàë, òóóøòàé áàéäëûí áèëýã òýìäýã þì. Õàðèí õ¿í áîë õºíãºí õèéñâýð àìüòàí, òýð ÿã ë øàòàð÷íû íýãýí àäèë çîðèëãîä õ¿ðýõ ¿éë ÿâöûã ¿íýëäýã. Ìàãàäã¿é ýíý õîðâîî åðòºíö äýõ õ¿í òºðºëõòíèé öîðûí ãàíö çîðèëãî èéíõ¿¿ çîðèëãî ººä òýì¿¿ëýõýä îðøäîã ÷ þì áèë¿¿, õýí ìýäëýý \áàòòàé õýëýõýä õýö¿¿\, ýíý áîë àìüäðàë ø¿¿ äýý, ò¿¿íýýñ áèø òà íàðûí çîðèëãî õýìýýí íýðëýäýã õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºðºâ áîë õýðõýâ÷ àìüäðàë áèø ýý, íî¸ä îî, òýð áîë ¿õëèéí ýõëýë þì. ßìàð ÷ áàéñàí õ¿í õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºð⺺ñ õýçýýä àéäàã áàéñàí, áè áîë îäîî ÷ ãýñýí àéñàí õýâýýð. Õ¿í íàñàí òóðøäàà õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºðâèéí ýðýëä õàòàæ, ò¿¿íèé òºëºº äàëàé ãàòàëæ, àìü íàñààðàà äýí÷èí òàâüäàã ãýëýý ÷, ¿íýõýýð îë÷èõ âèé ãýõýýñ àéäàã þì. Îë÷èõ ë þì áîë ººð õàéõ ç¿éëã¿é áîëíî ãýäãèéã ìýäýðäýã áîëîõîîð òýð. Àæëàà õèéæ äóóññàí àæèë÷èä ÿàäàã áèëýý äýý: öàëèíãàà àâíà, óóøèéí ãàçàð îðíî, îðîé íü ýð¿¿ëæ¿¿ëýõýä õîíîíî – èíãýýä ë á¿òýí äîëîî õîíîãèéí àæèë ãàðààä èðíý. Ãýòýë õ¿í ÿàõ áîëæ áàéíà? Çîðèëãîäîî õ¿ðñýí õ¿í íýã ë òààã¿é ñýòãýãäýë òºð¿¿ëäýã. Çîðèëãîòîé áàéõ äóðòàé õèðíýý çîðüñîíäîî õ¿ðýõýä òèéì ÷ òààòàé

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

õàíääàãã¿é íü èíýýäòýé õýðýã ë äýý. Ãýõäýý õ¿í åð íü èíýýäòýé àìüòàí ø¿¿ äýý. ßìàð ÷ áàéñàí õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºðºâ áîë ìàø õà÷èí ç¿éë. Õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºðºâ áîë, ìèíèé áîäëîîð, òàíõàéðàë. Õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºðºâ õýýâ íýã çàì äýýð òàíü òàøààãàà òóëæ çîãñ÷èõîîä òàíü ðóó íóëèìæ áàéíà. Õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºðºâ ãàéõàìøèãòàé ç¿éë ãýäýãòýé ñàíàë íèéëýëã¿é ÿàõ âý, ãýõäýý íýãýíò á¿õ ç¿éëèéã ìàãòàæ áàéãààãààñ õîéø, õî¸ð õî¸ðûí òàâ ÷ ãýñýí õààÿàäàà ìàø ãàéõàìøèãòàé áàéæ ÷àääàã þì ø¿¿. Èíãýõýä, öîðûí ãàíö ýãýë æèðèéí áóþó ýåðýã áîë òàéâàí ñàéõàí àìüäðàë, ÷óõàì ýíý ë õ¿í òºðºëõòºíä õàìãààñ àøèãòàé ãýäýãò òà ÿàãààä èéì õ¿÷òýéãýýð, èéì áàõäàëòàéãààð èòãýíý âý? Îþóí óõààí àíäóóðñàí áîë ÿàíà? Õ¿í çºâõºí òàéâàí ñàéõàí àìüäðàëûã õ¿ñäýãã¿é áîë ÿàõ âý? Ìàãàäã¿é òýð çîâëîí ç¿äã¿¿ðò äóðòàé ÷ þì áèë¿¿? Àëü àëü íü àäèëõàí àøèãòàé áàéâàë ÿàõ âý? Çàðèì õ¿í çîâëîí ç¿äã¿¿ðò àéõòàð äóðëàäàã, ýíý áîë áàðèìò. Ýíý óäààä ò¿¿õèéí õóóäñûã ñºõººä ÿàõ âý, òà àìüäðàë ¿çýæ, õ¿í áîëñîí ë þì áîë ººðººñºº àñóó. Åð íü äàí ãàíö òàéâàí ñàéõàí àìüäðàëûã õ¿ñýõ íü õýòýðõèé á¿ä¿¿ëýã õýðýã ãýæ áè õóâüäàà áîääîã þì. Ñàéí ÷ áàé, ìóó ÷ áàé, ÿìàð íýã þìûã ñ¿éòãýæ îðõèõ íü õààÿà õà÷èí ñàéõàí ìýäðýìæ òºð¿¿ëäýã äýý. Ýöñèéí ýöýñò, çîâëîí ç¿äã¿¿ð, òàéâàí ñàéõàí àìüäðàëûí àëü íü ÷ íàäàä õàìàà àëãà. Áè ãàãöõ¿¿ ... ººðèéí áààø ìàÿãèé㠺캺ð÷, ò¿¿íèéã áàòàëãààæóóëàõûã õ¿ñ÷ áàéíà, õýçýý íýãýí öàãò òýð íàäàä õýðýã áîëæ ë òààðíà. Æèøýýëáýë, èíýýäìèéí æ¿æèãò çîâëîí ç¿äã¿¿ðòýé ¿éë ÿâäàë îãò îðóóëäàãã¿é. Òýð áîëîð îðäîíä ÷ óòãàã¿é õàðàãäàíà, ó÷èð íü çîâëîí áîë ýðãýëçýý áóþó ¿ã¿éñãýë ø¿¿ äýý, ýðãýëçýý òºð¿¿ëäýã áîëîð îðäîí ãýæ þó áàéõ âý äýý? Ãýõäýý õ¿í õýçýý ÷ æèíõýíý çîâëîí áóþó ýìõ çàìáàðààã¿é áàéäàë, ñ¿éðëýýñ òàòãàëçàõã¿é ãýäýãò èòãýëòýé áàéíà. Çîâëîí áîë óõàìñðûí öîðûí ãàíö ó÷èð øàëòãààí þì. Àëèâàà ç¿éëèéã õýò óõàìñàðëàõ íü õàìãààñ õýö¿¿ ÷, õ¿í óõàìñàðòàà õàéðòàé áºãººä ò¿¿íèéã ÿìàð ÷ òààøààëààð ñîëèõã¿é ãýäãèéã ìýäýæ áàéíà. Óõàìñàð áîë õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºð⺺ñ õàâüã¿é ýðõýì þì. Õî¸ð õî¸ðûí äºðâèéí äàðàà þó ÷ ¿ëäýõã¿é, õèéõ àæèë áàéòóãàé òàíèí ìýäýõ ç¿éë ÷ ¿ëäýõã¿é ø¿¿ äýý. Òàâàí ìýäðýõ¿éãýý òàãëààä áÿñàëãàæ ñóóõààñ ººð ÿàõ âý. Óõàìñàðòàé áàéëàà ãýýä ÿëãààã¿é ë äýý, þó ÷ õèéõã¿é ç¿ãýýð ñóóíà, ãýõäýý ÿäàæ ¿å ¿å ººðèé㺺 òàøóóðäàæ áîëíî ø¿¿ äýý, íýã õýñýãòýý ë àìü îðíî. Óõðàíãóé ÷ ãýñýí, þó ÷ áèøýýñ õàâüã¿é èë¿¿.

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X Òà ìªíõ îðøèõ Áîëîð îðäîí áóþó ººäººñ íü íóóöààð õýëýý ãàðãàæ, õàëààñàíäàà ñàëààâ÷ ¿ç¿¿ëýõ áîëîìæã¿é ç¿éëä èòãýäýã ãýëýý. Õàðèí áè ò¿¿íýýñ ÷èíü àéäàã þì, òýð ÷èíü áîëîð, äýýðýýñ íü ìºíõ îðøäîã òóë íóóöààð ÷ áîëîâ õýëýý ãàðãàæ áîëîõã¿é íü áàéíà ø¿¿ äýý. Îðäíû îðîíä òàõèàí ñàðàâ÷ áàéëàà ãýæ áîäú¸, áîðîî îðâîë áè òýðõ¿¿ ñàðàâ÷èíä õîðîãäîæ ë òààðíà, íîðîõã¿éí òóëä ø¿¿ äýý, ãýõäýý íàìàéã áîðîîíîîñ õàìãààëñíûõ íü òºëºº òýð ìóó ñàðàâ÷èéã îðäîí áîëãîæ õàðàõã¿é íü ëàâòàé. Òà, “Áîðîîíîîñ ë õàìãààëæ áàéâàë ñàðàâ÷ áàéíà óó, õàðø áàéíà óó, ÿìàð ÿëãàà áàéíà àà” ãýæ èíýýæ áàéíà óó? Òèéì ýý, çºâõºí áîðîîíä íîðîõã¿éí òºëºº àìüäàðäàã áàéñàí áîë ¿íýõýýð ÿìàð ÷ ÿëãàà áàéõã¿é. ßàÿ ãýõýâ äýý, íýãýíò ë áè àìüäàðâàë àìüäàðñàí øèã àìüäàð÷, íýã ìºñºí îðä õàðøèä òóõëàõ õýðýãòýé ãýæ áîääîãîîñ õîéø. Ýíý áîë ìèíèé õ¿ñýë, ìèíèé ìºðººäºë. Òà íàð ìèíèé õ¿ñëèéã ººð÷èëñºí öàãò ë áè ººð÷ëºãäºíº. Òýã ë äýý, íàìàéã ººð÷èë, íàäàä ººð ìºðººäºë ñàíàë áîëãî. Òýãýýã¿é öàãò áè ëàâ ñàðàâ÷èéã õàðø áîëãîæ õàðàõã¿é äýã. Áîëîð îðäîí áîë þó ÷ áèø, òýð áàéãàëèéí õóóëèàð áîë îðøèõ ¸ñã¿é, áè ÷óõàì òýíýãòýý ë òèéì ç¿éë áîäîæ îëñîí, ýíý á¿õýí ìàíàé ¿åèéí õóó÷èíñàã, ç¿é çîõèñã¿é ñýòãýëãýýíèé õàð ãàé ãýæ áîäú¸. Õàðøëàõ ýñýõ íü íàäàä åð íü ÿìàð ïàäëèé áàéíà àà. Òýð çºâõºí ìèíèé õ¿ñýë äîòîð îðøèí òîãòíîäîã áóþó íàäàä õ¿ñýë áàéõ öàãò îðøèí òîãòíîñîîð áàéõ áîëíî. Òà äàõèàä ë èíýýæ áàéíà óó? Èíýý èíýý, áè íàðãèàíû áàé áîëîõîä áýëýí áàéíà, òýãýýä ÷ ãýäýñ ìèíü ºëñãºëºí áàéãàà öàãò “Áè öàäñàí” ãýæ õýëæ ÷àäàõã¿é. Áàéãàëèéí õóóëèàð áîäèòîîð îðøèí òîãòíîäîã ÷ ãýëýý, õÿçãààðã¿é íîéëûí íîãîîí òýãò äàðëóóëæ ÷àäàõã¿é äýã. ªºðèéíõºº õ¿ñëèéí îðãèëûã ÿäóó îðøèí ñóóã÷äàä ìÿíãàí æèëýýð ãýðýýëäýã, Âàãåíãåéì ø¿äíèé ýì÷èéí õàÿãòàé îðîí ñóóöíû áàéðààð ñîëüæ ÷àäàõã¿é. Òà ìèíèé õ¿ñëèéã óñòãàæ ÷àäâàë, ìèíèé ñàíàà áîäëûã ¿ã¿é õèéæ îðõèâîë, íàäàä èë¿¿ òºãñ ç¿éë ñàíàë áîëãîâîë áè òàíûã äàãàõàä áýëýí áàéíà. Íàä øèã áàëàé íºõºðòýé îðîîöîëäîîä ÷ ÿàõ âý ãýæ áîäîæ áàéâàë áè ÷ ãýñýí òýãæ õàðèóëíà. Áèä ÷èí ñýòãýëýýñýý ÿðèëöàæ áàéãàà ø¿¿ äýý,

ÓÐÀÍ ÇÎÕÈÎË

õýðýâ òà íàäàä àíõààðàë õàíäóóëàõûã õ¿ñýõã¿é áàéâàë áè òàíûã ãóéõã¿é ýý. Íàäàä ãàçàð äîîðõè áàéõàä õàíãàëòòàé. Áè àìüä ñýð¿¿í, õ¿ñýë ìºðººä뺺ð ä¿¿ðýí áàéãàà öàãò òýð ìóó îðîí ñóóöíû áàéðàíä ÷èíü ãàíö øèðõýã òîîñãî ÷ íýìýðëýõã¿é, ýñ òýãâýýñ ãàð ìèíü òàòàã! Áîëîð îðäíû ººäººñ õýëýý ãàðãàæ áîëäîãã¿é õýìýýí ò¿ð¿¿í ò¿¿íèéã áààõàí áóðóóøààñíûã ìèíü á¿¿ òîî. Áè õýëýý ãàðãàõ äóðòàéäàà òýãæ õýëýýã¿é þì ø¿¿. Òà íàðûí áàðüæ áàéãóóëñàí òýð îëîí áàðèëãà áàéøèí äóíä ãàíö ÷ ººäººñ íü õýëýý ãàðãàæ áîëîìã¿é ñ¿ð æàâõààòàé áàðèëãà áàéõã¿éä áóõèìäñàí þì. Ãýõäýý õýëýý ãàðãàõ õ¿ñýë ÿìàð ÷ øààðäëàãàã¿é áîëñîí öàãò áè ñàéí äóðààðàà õýëýý îãòëóóëàõàä áýëýí áàéíà. Òýãæ áîëîõã¿éãýýñ õîéø ÿàëòàé ÷ áèëýý õýìýýí îðîí ñóóö ãýõ ìýòõýíýý𠺺ðñäèé㺺 õóóð÷ ñóóãàà ÷èíü íàäàä õàìàà àëãà. Òýãâýë áè ÿàõ ãýæ èéì õ¿ñýë ìºðººäºëòýé á¿òýýãäñýí þì áý? Ýíý á¿õýí õóäàë õóóðìàã ç¿éë áîëîõûã îëæ ìýäýõèéí òóëä óó? Ýíý ìèíèé öîðûí ãàíö çîðèëãî ãýæ ¿¿? Èòãýæ ÷àäàõã¿é íü. Ãýõäýý þó ãýý÷, ìàíü ìýò øèã ãàçàð äîîðõèéí ýòãýýäèéã õàçààðëàæ áàéõ õýðýãòýé ãýäýã ¿íýí ø¿¿. Òýð äº÷èí æèë ò¿íýð õàðàíõóéä ÷èâ ÷èìýýã¿é ñóóæ ÷àääàã ÷, íýã ãàðààä èðýõ þì áîë ÿðèàä ë áàéíà, ÿðèàä ë áàéíà, ÿðèàä ë áàéíà...

XI Íî¨ä îî, ýöñèéí ýöýñò þó × õèéõã¯é áàéñàí íü äýýð þì áàéíà. ªºðèé㺺 ìýäýðñýí ¿ëáýãýð áàéäàëä àâòàõ íü äýýð! Òèéì ýý, ãàçàð äîîðõè ìàíäòóãàé. Áè ýíãèéí õ¿ì¿¿ñò øàðàà ãîçîéòîë àòààðõäàã ãýæ õýëæ áàéñàí ÷, ºíººãèéí íºõöºëä ò¿¿í øèã áàéõûã îãò õ¿ñäýãã¿é þì \òýãëýý ãýýä ò¿¿íä àòààðõñààð ë áàéõ áîëíî. ¯ã¿é äýý, ¿ã¿é, ÿìàð ÷ áàéñàí ãàçàð äîîðõè õàìààã¿é àøèãòàé þì áàéíà!\ Òýíä ÿäàæ þó ÿàæ áîëíî... Õí, áè äàõèàä ë õóäëàà ÿðèàä ýõýëëýý. Ìèíèé õ¿ñýæ ìºðººäººä áàéäàã õèðíýý õýçýý ÷ îëæ àâ÷ ÷àääàãã¿é òýð ç¿éë ãàçàð äîîðõèîñ õàâüã¿é èë¿¿ ãýäãèéã áè õî¸ðûí õ¿ðä øèã ñàéí ìýäíý ýý, òèéì ÷ ó÷ðààñ õóäëàà ÿðèàä áàéãàà þì. Ãàçàð äîîðõèéã ÷ºòãºð àâàã! Õýðýâ áè áè÷ñýí á¿õýíäýý æààõàí ÷ áîëîâ èòãýäýã áàéñàí áîë á¿õ ç¿éë õàìààã¿é äýýð áàéõ

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ÓÐÀÍ ÇÎÕÈÎË

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þìã¿é ãàçàð äîîð ò¿ãæ÷èõýýä, äº÷èí æèëèéí äàðàà ÿàâ, þó áîëîâ ãýýä îðîîä èðâýë òà ÿàõ áîë äîî. Õ¿íèéã äº÷èí æèëèéí òóðøèä ãàíöààðàíã íü îðõèæ áîëíî ãýæ ¿¿?

áàéëàà. Òàíãàðàãëàÿ, íî¸ä îî, áè ýíä ñàðàà÷ñàí ãàíö ÷ ¿ãýíäýý èòãýäýãã¿é. ¯ã¿é ýý, èòãýõèéí õóâüä èòãýäýã ë äýý, ãýõäýý ÿàãààä ÷ þì, äàëàí õóäàë÷ààñ äîëîîí äîð àâèðëàæ áàéãààãàà ìýäðýýä áàéäàã þì.

- È÷ã¿¿ðòýé áèø ãýæ ¿¿! – õýìýýí òà íàäàä òîëãîéãîî ñýãñðýí õýëýõ áàéõ. – Òà á¿ðýí ä¿¿ðýí àìüäðàõûã õÿçãààðã¿é èõ õ¿ñäýã àòëàà àìüäðàëûí àñóóäëàà ýìõ çàìáàðààã¿é ëîãèêîîð øèéäâýðëýæ ñóóõ þì. Òà øàçðóóí ààøèëæ, íààëäàí ïàä öàðàéëäàã ÷, áàéíãûí àéäàñòàé ÿâäàã ø¿¿ äýý. Òà óòãàã¿é ç¿éë ÿðüæ, ò¿¿íäýý áàÿñäàã; òà äýýðýíã¿é ç¿éë õýëäýã ÷, ñàâ ë õèéâýë óó÷ëàëò ãóéäàã. Òà þóíààñ ÷ àéäàãã¿é ãýäãýý áàéíãà äàâòäàã õèðíýý áèäýíä òààëàãäàõ ãýæ äýíä¿¿ èõ õè÷ýýäýã. Òà ø¿äýý õàâèðòëàà õèëýãíýæ áàéíà ãýõ áîëîâ÷ ò¿¿íèéõýý õàæóóãààð áèäíèéã èíýýëãýõ ãýæ õîøèãíîäîã. Òà ººðèéí õîøèãíîëûã èíýýäòýé áèø ãýäãèéã ìýääýã ÷ ò¿¿íèéãýý óòãà çîõèîëûí õóâüä ¿íýëäýã áîëîëòîé. Ìàãàäã¿é òà ¿íýõýýð çîâñîí áàéæ áîëíî, ãýõäýý òà ººðèéí çîâëîíã îãòõîí ÷ õ¿íäýëäýãã¿é. Òà ¿íýí ç¿éë ÿðüäàã, òýð ¿íýí, ãýõäýý òàíä äàðóó çàí àëãà, òà äýíä¿¿ õºíãºí õèéñâýð õ¿í áîëîõîîð ¿íýíýýðýý ãàéõóóëæ, ò¿¿íèéã çàðæ áóçàðëàæ áàéíà. Òàíä õýëýõ þì áèé, ãýõäýý òà ýöñèéí ¿ãýý õýëýõýýñ àéäàã, òàíä ¿ãýý õýëýõ øèéäýìãèé çàí äóòäàã, ýöýñò íü òàíûã çºâõºí è÷ã¿¿ðã¿é àéäàñ ë àâ÷ ÿâäàã. Òà óõàìñðààðàà õèéðõäýã, òàíû òîëãîé àæèëëàäàã áàéæ áîëîõ ÷, òàíû ñýòãýë áóçàðëàãäàæ õèðòñýí òóë óõàìñàð òàíü ¿íýí çºâ áàéõàà áîëüæýý. Òà ÿìàð ÿäàðãààòàé, ÿìàð ìàÿãòàé ãýý÷! Õóäàë, õóäàë, áàñ äàõèàä õóäàë!

- Òýãýýä òà ÿàõ ãýæ ýíý á¿õíèéã áè÷ñýí þì áý? – ãýæ òà íàäààñ àñóóõ áîëíî.

Ìýäýýæ äýýðõ ¿ãñèéã ÷ áàñ áè ººðºº çîõèîñîí. Òýä ÷ áàñ ãàçàð äîîðõèîñ ãàðàëòàé. Áè äº÷èí æèë òà íàðûí ÿðèàã õóëãàéãààð ñîíñîæ ñóóñàí þì. Áè ýíý á¿õíèéã ººðºº çîõèîñîí, ÿàãààä ãýâýë íàäàä èéì ë ç¿éë çîõèîãääîã. Ñ¿¿ëäýý á¿ð öýýæëýãäýæ, óòãà çîõèîëûí õýëáýðò îðæýý...

Òà àðàé íàìàéã ýíý á¿õíèéã õýâë¿¿ëíý, òýãýýä

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- Áè òàíûã äº÷èí æèë ÿìàð ÷ õèéõ

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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òàíä óíøóóëíà ãýæ áîäñîí þì áèø áèç äýý? Ãýíýí áàéíà äàà. Áàñ íýã àñóóëò áàéíà: áè ÿàãààä òà íàðûã “íî¸ä îî” õýìýýí äóóäàæ, òàíä óíøèã÷èéí õóâèàð õàíäàíà âý? Ìèíèéõ øèã íàìèí÷ëàëûã õýâëýõ áàéòóãàé õýíä ÷ óíøóóëäàãã¿é þì. ßìàð ÷ áàéñàí íàäàä òýãýõ çîðèã äóòíà, òýãýýä ÷ òèéì çîðèãîîð ÿàõ þì áèëýý. Ãýõäýý þó ãýý÷: òîëãîéä ìèíü íýãýí õèéñâýðëýë îðæ èðñýí þì, áè ò¿¿íèéã ÿìàð ÷ ¿íýýð õàìààã¿é áîäèò áîëãîõûã õ¿ñ÷ áàéíà. Òýãýõýýð, áàéäàë èéì áàéíà: Õ¿í á¿ðò òýð áîëãîí ÿðüæ áîëäîãã¿é, çºâõºí äîòíû àíä íàéçóóäòàéãàà õóâààëöäàã äóðñàìæ ãýæ áèé. Äîòðîî õàäãàëäàã, íàéçóóääàà ÷ íýýæ ÷àääàãã¿é äóðñàìæ áèé. Ýöýñò íü, ººðºº ººðòºº ÷ ñàíóóëàõààñ ç¿ðõøýýäýã äóðñàìæ áàéäàã. Òîõèòîé òîìîîòîé õ¿íä õ¿ðòýë èéìýðõ¿¿ íóóö õàíãàëòòàé õóðèìòëàãääàã ø¿¿ äýý. Äóóãàé õ¿íèé äîîäîõ íîéòîí ãýã÷ýýð òîõèòîé òîìîîòîé ãýãäýõ òóñìàà ÿíç á¿ðèéí íóóö èë¿¿ èõ õóðèìòëàãääàã áàéæ áîëîõ þì. Æèøýý íü, áè ñàÿõíûã áîëòîë ººðèéí çàðèì íýã àäàë ÿâäëûã îãò äóðñàõûã õ¿ñäýãã¿é áàéëàà. Õàðèí îäîî áîë áè á¿õ ç¿éëèéã íýã á¿ð÷ëýí ñàíàæ, áè÷èæ òýìäýãëýõèéã çîðèãëîñîí, õ¿í ººðºº ººðòýéãýý èëýí äàëàíã¿é áàéæ, ¿íýíýýñ àéõã¿é áàéæ ÷àäàõ ýñýõèéã òóðøèæ ¿çýõèéã õ¿ññýí þì. Äàøðàìä õýëýõýä, ¿íýí çºâ äóðäàòãàë ãýäýã áîë áîëîìæã¿é ç¿éë, ó÷èð íü õ¿í ººðèéíõºº òóõàé ÿðèâàë çààâàë õóäëàà ÿðüæ òààðíà õýìýýí Õåéíå õýëñýí ø¿¿ äýý. Ò¿¿íèéõýýð áîë, Ðóññî õ¿ðòýë ººðèéí íàìòðûã ¿íýí çºâººð áè÷ýýã¿é, òý𠺺ðèé㺺 äºâèéëãºõ ¿¿äíýýñ àëáààð õóäàë ÿðüñàí ãýõ. Õåéíåãèéí çºâ ãýäýãò áè èòãýëòýé áàéíà, ººðèé㺺 äºâèéëãºõèéí òóëä ººðòºº á¿õýë á¿òýí ãýìò õýðýã òîõîæ áîëäãèéã áè ìýäíýý. Ãýõäýý Õåéíå îëîí íèéòèéí ºìíº íàìèí÷èëñàí õ¿íèé òàëààð ÿðüæ áàéñàí. Õàðèí áè çºâõºí ººðòºº çîðèóëæ áè÷èæ áàéãàà, ¿å ¿å óíøèã÷äàä õàíääàã ìèíü çºâõºí ìèíèé áè÷ëýãèéí õýâ ìàÿãòàé õîëáîîòîé. Ýíý áîë õýâ ìàÿã, õîîñîí õýâ ìàÿã, ìèíèé áè÷âýðèéã õýí ÷, õýçýý ÷ óíøèõã¿é. Ýíý á¿õíèéã áè ò¿ð¿¿í õýëñýí ø¿¿ äýý...

ÓÐÀÍ ÇÎÕÈÎË

çóóðàëäàõã¿é, ñàíààíä îðñîí ç¿éëýý áè÷íý ãýõ÷ëýí ººðºº ººðòºº àìëàëò ºã÷, öààñàí äýýð òàéëáàð òàâüæ, óó÷ëàëò ãóéãààä áàéãàà þì áý” õýìýýí òà ¿ãýíä äóðëàæ áîëîõ þì.

-Òèéì ýý, áè òàéëáàðëàÿ.

Ýíý áîë á¿õýëäýý ñýòãýëç¿éí àñóóäàë þì. Ìàãàäã¿é ìèíèé õóë÷ãàð çàíãààñ ÷ áîëæ áàéæ ìýäíý. Ìàãàäã¿é áè áè÷èõ ÿâöäàà ººðèé㺺 õÿíàõûí òóëä àëáààð óíøèã÷èéã òºñººëæ áàéãàà ÷ þì áèë¿¿. Ìÿíãàí øàëòãààí áàéæ áîëíî. Áàñ íýãýí ç¿éë: áè åð íü ÿàõ ãýæ áè÷ýýä áàéãàà þì áý? Õýðýâ õ¿íä óíøóóëàõûã õ¿ñýýã¿é þì áîë ç¿ãýýð ë ñàíààíäàà á¿õ ç¿éëèéã äóðñàæ áîëíî ø¿¿ äýý, çààâàë öààñàí äýýð áóóëãàëã¿éãýýð. Òýð ÷ òèéì ë äýý, ãýõäýý öààñàí äýýð á¿õ ç¿éë èë¿¿ ¸ñ òºðòýé áîëäîã ìýò ñàíàãääàã þì. Èë¿¿ ñ¿ðòýé, ººðèéíõºº òàëààð ýðãýö¿¿ëýí áîäîõîä à÷ òóñòàé, èë¿¿ ñîíñãîëîíòîé áîëäîã. Áè÷èõ íü íàìàéã òàéâøðóóëäàã ÷ áàéæ áîëîõ þì. ªíººäºð ë ãýõýä äýýõýí ¿åèéí íýãýí äóðñàìæ ñàíààã ìèíü çîâîîëîî. Õýä õîíîãèéí ºìíººñ ë áîäîãäîæ ýõýëñýí þì, íýã ñîíñ÷èõâîë ñàëæ ºãäºãã¿é äóóíû àÿ øèã íàäààñ îãò ñàëàõã¿é áàéãàà þì. Ãýòýë ò¿¿íýýñ ñàëàõ õýðýãòýé áàéäàã. Èéìýðõ¿¿ äóðñàìæ íàäàä õýäýí çóó áèé, ãýõäýý ¿å ¿å òýäíèé äóíäààñ çàðèì íýã íü îíöãîéð÷, íàìàéã øàíàëãàäàã. Õýðýâ áè ò¿¿íèéã öààñàí äýýð áóóëãàæ áè÷âýë, òýð íàäààñ ñàëíà ãýäýãò áè ÿàãààä ÷ þì èòãýäýã þì. Îðîëäîîä ¿çýõýä áóðóó þó áàéõ âý? Òýãýýä ÷ áè þó ÷ õèéõã¿é áàéñààð çàëõàæ îðõèëîî. Þì áè÷íý ãýäýã ÷èíü àæèë ë ãýñýí ¿ã ø¿¿ äýý. Àæèë õèéâýë àì òîñäîíî ãýäýã. Àæèë õ¿íèéã õ¿ì¿¿æ¿¿ëæ, ñàéõàí ñýòãýëòýé, øóäàðãà çàíòàé áîëãîäîã ãýäýã. Ìèíèé õóâüä áîëîìæ ë þì äàà. ªíººäºð öàñ îðæ áàéíà. Íîéòîâòîð, øàð, áóëèíãàðòàé öàñ îðæ áàéíà. ª÷èãäºð ÷ áàñ îðæ áàéñàí, õýä õîíîãèéí ºìíº ÷ îðæ áàéñàí. Íàäààñ ñàëæ ºãºõã¿é áàéãàà òýð ÿâäàë íîéòîí öàñíû óëìààñ ñàíààíä ìèíü îðñîí áàéõ. Íîéòîí öàñíû óëìààñ òºðñºí ò¿¿õ ýíý áóþó.

Áè ººðèéí òýìäýãëýëèéã þóãààð ÷ õÿçãààðëàõûã õ¿ñýõã¿é áàéíà. Äýñ äàðàà, õýâ æóðàìòàé çóóðàëäàõã¿é. Ñàíààíä îðñîí ç¿éëýý ë áóóëãàõ áîëíî.

¯ðãýëæëýë äàðààãèéí äóãààðò.

“¯íýõýýð õ¿íä óíøóóëàõûã õ¿ñýõã¿é áàéãàà þì áîë ÿàãààä äýñ äàðàà, õýâ æóðàìòàé

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÁÀßÍ ÕÎÄÎÎÄ

100 ÆÈËÈÉÍ ªÌͪ

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

Ìàíàé óëñûã ÷èãëýñýí ãàäààäûí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò èõýâ÷ëýí óóë óóðõàéí ñàëáàðààð õÿçãààðëàãääàã áàéñàí áîë ºíãºðñºí æèë LVMH ãðóïï Ìîíãîëûí õóäàëäàà ¿éë÷èëãýýíèé ñàëáàðò òîìîîõîí õºðºí㺠îðóóëàëò õèéæ, Óëààíáààòàð õîòîä Ëóè Âüþòòîí áðýíäèéí äýëã¿¿ðèéã íýýñíýýð

Ìîíãîëûí äàÿàð÷ëàëûí ò¿¿õýíä öîî øèíý õóóäàñ íýìñýí áèëýý. Òýãâýë Ëóè Âüþòòîíû áàãèéíõàí îäîîãîîñ 100 ãàðóé æèëèéí ºìíº áóþó 1907 îíä àíõ Ìîíãîëä èðæ áàéæýý. Áîãä Æàâçàíäàìáà õóòàãò Ëóè Âüþòòîíû ö¿íõ, ÷åìîäàíààð ãàíãàðäàã áàéñàí þì áèø áèç?!

Äàðààãèéí äóãààðò:

ÓËÀÀÍÁÀÀÒÀÐ 2010 îíû 12-ð ñàðûí 1-íä õóäàëäààíä

ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

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ÅÑ ÄÀËÀÍ ÇÓÐÃÀÀ ÑÝÒï¯Ë

LOVE IN THE STEPPES: CLASSIC ROM COMS

32

PIECES OF MONGOLIA 43 Burning down the commodity craze 10 A NOMAD’S HOMECOMING 58 EATING SHEEP’S HEAD IN ULAANBAATAR 24

POLITICAL PARTIES

101 p.12

XanaduART gallery Mongolian contemporary art 2*

OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2010

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NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

Dugarsurengiin Batzorig (Bazo) "Hurden" Oil in canvas

Urt Tsagaan - 12, Baruun Selbe street, Chingeltei district, 3rd precinct, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Phone: 976-11-310239 NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE | OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2010 3* www.xanaduartgallery.org

NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

76 “NINE SEVENTY SIX” MAGAZINE ¹004 October / November 2010

Editor-in-Chief

Batbayaryn JARGALAN

Art Director Batboldyn MANDAA Fashion Director Bayasakhyn NOMUNGEREL

Editors Zolbayaryn OCHIR Khurelbaataryn UYANGA

EDITOR'S LETTER > People are often surprised when I compare UB to New York or London. Sure, UB may not have New York’s skyline or London’s theaters, but it has incredible energy and vivacity that one often associates with global cities. People from all corners of the world are f locking to UB because clearly, something exciting is in the air (and the excitement isn’t restricted to mining, mind you). On any given night, one can meet adventurers from exotic locales, wide-eyed herders from the country and big shots bankers from global financial capitals. In fact, I met a Harvard professor in the supermarket the other day.

“Nine Seventy Six” magazine seeks to do justice to UB’s cosmopolitan aura. We want to find out what makes UB tick, and tell you all about it. We offer a signature mix of politics, economics, art and culture, focusing on issues and personalities that drive life in UB. We hope to make this English insert a recurring feature of “Nine Seventy Six” magazine, and your input is greatly appreciated. Please write to us at info@esdalanzurgaa.mn.

Questions, answers, rants and pet peeves… anything goes.

Until we meet again, Batbayaryn JARGALAN

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Contributing Editors B.Batmunkh, M.Bilguun, J.Enkhjargalan, B.Khulan, Mongol Angle, Mongol Ninja, P.Ninjin, Z.Tulga, Ts.Tumenkhishig Marketing Department: 5001-0976

Published by Nomalunkhuree Publications, state registration number: 9073006016.

All rights reserved. Unauthorized usage or reproduction of contents in whole or in part without written permission is strictly prohibited. Nine Seventy Six magazine cannot be held responsible for advertising content.

Please address editorial queries and inquiries to info@esdalanzurgaa.mn. Want to write for Nine Seventy Six magazine? Submissions are accepted via e-mail.

EDITORIAL ADDRESS Grand Plaza, No.12-05 Peace Avenue, Bayangol district, 2nd precinct Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia info@esdalanzurgaa.mn www.esdalanzurgaa.mn TEL : 976 – 5001 0976 MAILING ADDRESS PO/box 46/622 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 210646

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NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

Áàãàíà ~ noun

[ bagana ] 1. Upright pillars used to support the crown and the weight of the ger.

2. Nine Seventy Six magazine’s News and Analysis section.

THE MIGHTY YEARBOOK + MULTITASKING IN MONGOLIA + ASIAN GYPSY +BURNING DOWN THE COMMODITY CRAZE + MONGOLIAN POLITICAL PARTIES 101

NUMBERS

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OPINION

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NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

FINANCE

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POLITICS

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NUMBERS

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THE MIGHTY YEARBOOK “Nine Seventy Six” magazine likes numbers. We collectively shed tears of joy when the “Mongolian statistical yearbook 2009” came out. It is our Bible. In fact, our editor takes it everywhere she goes, she never goes anywhere without it.

Unfortunately, numbers do not mean much in Mongolia. The numbers from the yearbook contradict those from the Bank of Mongolia, which contradict those from the World Bank. Every organization has a different set of numbers, and the discrepancies are uncanny. Nevertheless, we believe in the Yearbook. Did we say it was our Bible?

Thus, we carefully thumbed through the last year's yearbook and pulled together numbers that relate to people and lifestyles. Granted, it would have been more fun to focus on livestock; however, what can you do with the fact that there are a total of 31 200 thoroughbred horses and 228 donkeys in Mongolia? People are inherently less interesting and more predictable, but we still rule the world.

Behold the mighty Yearbook!

LI FE

&

DEA TH

63.57 years: Khovsgol residents have the lowest life expectancy (perhaps the overwhelming scenery of the Lake Khovsgol somehow shortens life span).

68.27 years: Despite pollution levels in UB, our life expectancy is higher than average.

KHUVSGUL

ULG

BULG

AN

AN-

BAY

UVS

ZAVKHAN

SELENGE

II

NTII

is the population of Mongolia.

DO

RN

OD

KH

OV

D

KHE

ARKHANGAI

ANG

I OV DO

RN

OG

RKH UVU

DUNDGOVI

BAYA

NHO

NGO

R

AI

ALTAI GOVI-

SUKHBAATAR

UMNU - GOVI

67.96 years:

70.17 years: Lucky devils in Dundgovi live longer than anybody else.

Average life expectancy in Mongolia.

Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, and even Mongolians don’t escape that fate. However, we seem to be more prone to injuries and accidents. Seatbelts, anyone?

L e a d ing

In 2009:

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NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

c a u s e s

Number of deaths

1 Cardiovascular diseases .......................................5 892 2 Malignant neoplasms (cancers)............................3 222 3 Injury, poisoning and accidents...........................2 361 4 Diseases of the digestive system..........................1 312 5 Respiratory diseases ...............................................752

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NUMBERS

Average spending per capita > What does an average Mongolian consume? According to the Yearbook, he or she spends about 39 thousand MNT on food every month. That kind of money wouldn’t buy lunch at the Terelj Hotel, but apparently it can buy an entire month’s subsistence for the average Dorj who isn’t used to dining in five star establishments. The second item on the menu is clothing – we sure like to dress up. Transportation and communication comes a close third (no wonder those mobile phone operators spend that much money on advertising), while education and health round up the top five. Surprisingly enough, “alcohol and tobacco” is almost at the bottom of the list, which makes us doubt the Yearbook - surely we must spend more than 1 687 MNT on booze? I know I do.

DURABLE GOODS

7 077₮

OTHER

7 077₮

ALCOHOL & TOBACCO

4 481₮

HEALTH

1.5% 1.7% 4.5%

4 613₮ EDUCATION

FOOD

38 759₮

8.4%

38%

6.9%

Total

7 077₮

102 019₮

10.9%

RENT, HEATING & UTILITIES

11 047₮

13.4%

14.7%

CLOTHING

15 042₮

TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION

13 671₮

TECH & CULTURE

368: Number of public libraries

489 500: Number of TV sets

232: Number of places of religious worship (113 Buddhist monasteries, 110 Christian churches, 5 Muslim mosques)

112 921: Number of cable TV subscribers

40 000: Number of people who attended a

224 068: Number of registered vehicles

189 500: Number of personal computers 106 000: Number of internet subscribers

performance of the Opera and Ballet Theater

2 300: Number of people who saw an exhibition at the Modern Art Gallery

CLASS OF 2009 > More than 210 thousand young Mongolians are enrolled in institutions of higher learning, which means that a staggering 7.7 percent of our population is currently in college. About 33 thousand eager youngsters have graduated from college last year. It seems that business administration has become the most lucrative career choice for young Mongolians; more than 26 percent of graduates received a business degree of some kind. Moreover, sixty four percent of all new graduates are girls (Mongolian parents prefer to send their daughters to college, hoping that their sons will somehow manage without a degree). Apparently the future will be written by ladies with an MBA.

Profession

Graduates Business management and commerce.....8 704 Education........................................................4 516 Social science.................................................3 403 Engineering.....................................................3 277 Liberal arts......................................................2 505 Medical science.............................................2 367 Law...................................................................2 111 Service.............................................................1 882 Mathematics and computer science..........990 Agriculture.......................................................802 Natural science..............................................798 Fine arts...........................................................628 Architecture and urban planning...............585 Journalism.......................................................439 Total............................................................33 007 NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

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OPINION

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www.asiangypsy.blogspot.com

-Munkhjargalyn BILGUUN *Thanks to his procrastination, then dombeau lost his asian gypsy domain

general sunny lethargy, Mongolians are back to work fixing the roads and pathways, constructing office towers and doing 5 different things at work – things they were supposed to have done much, much earlier.

S

ee, I started writing about advertising in my first draft for this column. Soon enough I began to sound like a bad copywriter pushing a worse product, so I procrastinated for a while until I could figure out a more suitable topic for meself. And then it dawned on me, on a fine autumn day, walking with my shoes covered in dust and dirt from road works invading UB city: procrastination. › What is the nomadic identity? It is procrastination distilled. It’s the subtle and not-so-subtle forms of procrastination hand-selected and distilled into a national identity. A short walk through UB will prove my point. It is autumn, and after a summer of Naadam festivals, countryside vacations and

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OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2010

› I may be exaggerating, as procrastination is a human thing (hence the popularity of Facebook, Twitter and a thousand other time-killers). Let’s suppose that every culture has a defining trait or does something more often and/or better than others. As for us, we are better at our mananas than most other cultural stereotypes. › Once one starts thinking about these trivial what-youmight-even-call-facts, one wonders: what is the underlying cause of our tendency to procrastinate? I’d say, we’ve had it easy over the centuries, and I am not even talking about the glory days of the Mongol empire. It’s very simple: we never had to dig for food. We never had to plant, seed, water, fertilize and harvest our food. Our food can walk on its own four legs.

It can feed itself. All we had to do over the centuries is to make sure it didn’t run away or get eaten by wolves and |

NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

other predators or someone else, for that matter. › Of course, the mighty nomads were and still are at the mercy of the weather (e.g. last winter). But climate disasters strike everyone around the world, including farmers and herders. Then I remembered a theory proposed by my friend Dashka during a whiskeyfuelled night in the blistering heat of Singapore. › Dashka theorized, drunkenly but very convincingly, that Mongolians never had to go hungry. So long as there was meat, we were good. Whenever we lacked something, we attacked farming villages to the south, i.e. China. The Mongols would come and take what they needed: women, clothes, gold, and perhaps even some herbs and spices, one would hope. And clear off back to the arid and unfarmable country of theirs over the sand dunes of Gobi before the state troopers arrived. › Who would want to chase them barbarians over sand dunes into the middle of nowhere? And so it went. Meanwhile, the farmers were busy digging the ground, discovering and cataloguing plants.

It was famine, hunger and desperation that drove these farmers to discover which

plants could be used for food and which ones for medicine.

In the meantime, we were busy thinking up hundreds of words to describe the colors and anatomical structures of our tavan hoshuu mal, i.e. the five-headed beast made up of the camel, sheep, cow, goat and horse. › All very interesting. The logical conclusion would go as follows: we were never hungry or desperate enough to progress beyond our primal laziness, that comfortably lethargic state of tomorrow-forevers and enjoying the blissful weather while it lasts. BUT not really. There have been desperate times, one can think of many. Are we just a bunch of really chilled-out, drug-free but alcohol-fuelled stoners?

Makes no sense whatsoever. › And as I think these enlightened thoughts, I reach the lift doors of Grand Plaza and find, to my frustration and dread, the lift buttons cold and unresponsive to my fingers. 12 storeys to climb at 8 pm on a Saturday night. How can you explain the mentality of someone who would build a 15-storey building and turn off the lifts in the evenings?

Sadism? Or just plain don’tgive-a-shitism?

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OPINION

Bodrol blog -Jagie

MULTITASKING IN MONGOLIA W

hat do you do if you are sick? I, for one, frantically google every symptom that I have, and agonize at the prospect of having contracted a rare, incurable disease before realizing that all I have is the common cold. My preoccupation with rare, incurable diseases may actually be a mild case of hypochondriasis, or health phobia (I also make a hobby of googling various psychological disorders, thank

you very much). At the end of the day, I get over myself, and simply take my cold medicine. › Of course, most normal people go to a doctor when they are sick. But I know several people who call their lamas before calling a doctor.

Some may call their shaman.

In fact, most Mongolian families have a deeper relationship with a lama or a shaman, whom they call “the teacher”,

than a doctor. This person often becomes the family’s guidance councilor, a true multitasking professional: he or she may serve as a doctor, a psychologist, a matchmaker, an insurance agent or an investment analyst, as need arises. › The art of spiritual guidance may be Mongolia’s fastest growing industry.

Although impossible to quantify, the number of spiritual teachers seems to have grown exponentially in the last couple of years.

Some families may even employ more than one such professional, just in case. Thus, they may sponsor a prayer at the monastery AND a spiritual bonfire by a shaman. The logical inconsistency is lost upon them. › On the one hand, it seems dubious to accept medical advice or investment tips from an illiterate shaman from Khuvsgul.

On the other hand, what is the difference? Perhaps the illiterate shaman from Khuvsgul does know best, perhaps he or she really is gifted. Or, maybe, it’s just the placebo effect that counts.

B. Enkhbat, "Shaman", Gouache on canvas, 57x37 cm

› If some societies indulge their therapists and lawyers, we pay our lamas and shamans. Their fees can be quite hefty, too, hence the droves of lamas driving Landcruisers around UB NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

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(I will not be very surprised if Louis Vuitton introduces a collection of lama robes tailor-made for its Sukhbaatar square store, emblazoned with the logo, of course). The prayer business peaks during Tsagaan sar, when people flock to the monasteries for their new year’s prayer. Some lamas even offer the convenience of a home delivery service. I’ve seen a lama pick up his cell phone while conducting a prayer at someone’s house to tell his next customer that he will be arriving shortly. › Although lamas continue to be highly sought after, shamans may be the new trend.

It is said that one becomes a shaman by fate, not by choice.

If a person falls gravely ill without apparent reason, it may be read as a sign of his/ her duty to the spirits. It seems that a surprisingly large number of new shamans have been initiated in the last couple of years; including celebrities and politicians, if one is to believe the gossip columns. Some people interpret this as a sign of changing times and a beacon of a new, spiritual future.

Others think it’s just a sham, but what do I know? › Perhaps I should stop googling whenever I feel sick, and consult a real professional, for a change. What if my frequent colds are a sign of something much bigger than just a stuffy nose? Too bad Google doesn’t have a “wandering spirit” search.

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-Tserendavaagiin Tumenkhishig

BURNING DOWN THE COMMODITY CRAZE ‘We simply attempt to be fearful when others are greedy and to be greedy only when others are fearful.’

-Warren Buffet

T

Tserendavaagiin Tumenkhishig is a partner at Bilig Capital.

Bilig Capital is a business and finance consultancy that engages in diverse investment activities based on in-depth economic and industry research and actively participates in corporate financing deals through an extensive network of international partners.

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he stock market can seem pretty erratic given the frantic pace of the hourly news-cycle, but it pays to take the long view. Astute investors still remember that ten years ago the global financial market was completely contrary to the current commodity-driven market. In the early 2000s, analysts largely ignored mining stocks under the hype of emerging industries. In 2001, the combined market value for quoted mining and metals companies was $300 billion, half of Microsoft’s market capitalization at the time. Prior to 2004, when commodity prices had been on the bottom side for almost a decade, some large investment institutions did not even have analysts covering mining companies and industrial commodities. > Fast-forward a decade or so, and the market has completely changed. Take the largest miner in the world, BHP Billiton. In less than a decade, its market capitalization grew six-fold, from $29.5 billion in 2001 to $190 billion in 2010. In the last few years, financials and miners have been the biggest gaining sectors in composite indexes around the world.

This could be explained by the fact that easy access to capital and technology has vastly increased competition in indus|

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tries, where technology had once been the source of a substantial profit margin.

Adaptable and well connected consumers, along with increased competition, are forcing manufacturers to fiercely compete for a limited supply of raw materials. As a result, profit margins are shifting from manufacturers to resource suppliers. > In 1995, only three mining companies, if refineries are excluded, were listed in “Fortune Global 500”. The 2009 list draws a completely different picture as it has a total of 16 mining companies, excluding oil and gas companies. Driven by the commodities boom, revenues of mining companies have increased more than ten-fold and their profit margins have tripled. In contrast, profit margins for the automotive industry were cut in half in the same period, even though revenue has doubled. Semiconductor manufacturers are facing a similar dilemma: although their revenue has increased six-fold, their profit margins were also halved. Thus, mining companies are outperforming most industries, including the booming electronics industry, where profit margins have only doubled despite a nine times growth in revenue.

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OPINION

> Nevertheless, it is NEW COPPER MINES doubtful whether Planned project Developer Country Production Year

(Mt/ Year) the explosive growth Kamoto, East, Oliveira and Virgule Nikanor Zambia 250 000 2011 of the commodVarious Codelco Chile 800 000 2011 ity industry can Oyu Tolgoi Ivanhoe Mines Mongolia 450 000 2013 be sustained in the Amantaytau Oxus Gold Uzbekistan 450 000 2011 future. Investors Jabal Sayid copper-gold Citadel Resource Group Saudi Arabia 70 000 2012 often base their Relincho copper Teck Cominco Chile 150 000 commodity price El Morro copper-gold Xstrata Copper Chile 203 000 2013 forecasts on various Peru Toromocho Copper Mining Chinalco Peru 250 000 2012 econometric models, Cerro Casale Arizona Star/ Kinross Gold Chile 125 000 2012 some of which are Los Bronces Anglo American Chile 198 000 2012 sophisticated enough Collahuasi Anglo American Chile 510 000 2012 to take into acSalobo Project Vale Brazil 270 000 2011 count the probability of technological advancement and political unrest. These models, along with (highly unlikely as statisticians argue that side pressure is likely to be shortened. For long-term price movements, point to instance, investments that were made in business cycles have a periodicity of 5-11 the cyclical nature of commodity prices: 2004 will reach production phase beginyears: Kitchin cycle and Juglar cycle), it what goes up must come down. ning 2011. could be assumed that a bottom cycle will continue as long as new capacities are > Let’s look at copper. If we assume that introduced. global demand for copper will expand PRICE BOTTOM CYCLE by 4% annually, as it has for the last In theory, when market prices are falling, PRICE UPWARD CYCLE one hundred years, demand for copper high cost miners will be forced to close, is likely to expand by 2 million metric hence reducing excess supply in the martons by 2013. According to ICSG, global During a downturn, most mines operket. However, mining operations tend copper production equaled 15 million ate at a marginal profit over operating to stay in operation for 5-10 years or as metric tons in 2008. By 2013, more than costs, and thus will not have the financial long as planned (often longer than 10 3.7 metric tons of new capacities will be liberty to invest in high-risk exploration years) because mining operations require activities. When demand finally outgrows introduced (see graph above). a large initial investment: as costs are supply in the market, there will not be sunk, every penny above operating costs enough projects in the pipeline to develop > Although we have focused on a selected translates to a gain for investors. Thus, number of new projects in our analysis, in a matter of months. As a result, it it may be more profitable for mines to the supply of copper is likely to outstrip will take at least 6-10 years to develop a continue operating despite market signals new mine. Hence, the supply pressure its demand by 2013 at the latest. This in to the contrary. Moreover, the process turn should push copper prices into a will persist for a certain period of time of closing down or re-opening of a mine downward cycle, which is expected to barring any demand shocks. It should be is costly and requires a certain length of last longer at Bilig Capital, since mining noted that when commodity prices are time. Consequently, participants cannot companies and investors have been extenat their height, shareholders will pressure be easily forced to reduce production in managers to actively invest in new mining sively injecting cash in new projects. matter of months. projects, and this behavior will further > Bilig Capital believes that the hype lengthen the next bottom cycle. > The supply reduction process may surrounding Mongolia’s Oyu-Tolgoi also be delayed by the introduction of (OT) project is overdone at every level. > Based on the assumptions provided, new mines. Investment in new capaciFirst of all, OT’s expected production a careful look at the projected new ties mostly occurs during a commodities commencement schedule could coincide developments for a particular resource boom, when mining companies have exwith the start of the next price bottom may pinpoint the next period of excess cess capital. According to our limited recycle. Moreover, Ivanhoe Mines, which is capacity. The upward cycle that began in search, multinational mining companies heavily geared, has a loss carry-forward 2004 has been persisting for quite some seem to take approximately 6-10 years agreement with the government; thus, it time, and multinational mining compafrom exploration to the extraction phase, is difficult to envisage a large inflow of nies have been exceptionally profitable. thus new mines are likely to become cash from OT tax payments to governSince the mining industry has had plenty operational during a downturn given the ment coffers for the better part of next of free cash to develop and acquire new cyclical nature of commodity prices. If decade. projects, the current phase of demand there isn’t any apparent demand shock NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

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-Batbayaryn Jargalan

POLITICAL PARTIES

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In early 2010, the MPRP’s Presidential candidate Nambaryn Enkhbayar, who lost the election to the Democratic Party’s Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, began making TV appearances to air his grievances. He went as far as to say that Sanjaagiin Bayar, who was both Prime Minister and the Chairman of the MPRP at the time, was personally responsible for sabotaging his chances of winning the election by making under the table deals with his opponent. Bayar publicly retaliated by blaming Enkhbayar of seeking personal rehabilitation by falsely accusing his own party. Their well-publicized feud was something new for the MPRP, which never aired its dirty laundry in public. Usually it was the Democrats, whose internal strife was never a secret, who accused each other of wrongdoing. If the Democrats always defended their conflicts as sign of internal democracy, the MPRP was used to relying on party discipline to squash signs of internal conflict.

Party factionalism is nothing new for Mongolia. In fact, the current coalition government is a by-product of negotiations between influential factions of the two major parties.

The fragmented nature of Mongolian politics harkens back to the early days of Mongolian democracy. “Nine Seventy Six” magazine looks at the historical evolution of Mongolian political parties with a special emphasis on party factions and their leaders.

e like to boast that Mongolians invented everything from paper money to pizza. Some people even go as far as to say that democracy is a Mongolian invention. They point to the fact that Chingis Khaan was “elected” khan by the Great Khuraldai as evidence of a long history of democratic tradition in Mongolia (apparently these people haven’t heard of a little town called Athens). Thirteenth century evidence notwithstanding, democratic elections in Mongolia are a relatively recent phenomenon: we celebrated the 20th anniversary of free elections last July.

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One of the first acts ratified by the People’s Great Khural of 1990, Mongolia’s first freely elected parliament, was the Law on Political Parties. Up until then, the unlimited political power of the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP) was guaranteed by the Constitution: the preamble to the 1960 Constitution declared it to be the country’s guiding force and shining light (perhaps not exactly in those words, but something to that effect).

When the third wave of democratization hit Mongolia, the special privileges of the MPRP were stripped away, and new political parties were formed to compete with it. As a result, more than 30 parties have registered with the Supreme Court of Mongolia since 1990. Seventeen parties currently remain active. Although a total of twelve parties competed in the 2008 parliamentary election, only four were able to secure seats: the MPRP ended up with 45 seats, the Democrats with 28 seats, while the Civil Will Party, the Green Party and an independent candidate split the remaining 3 seats.

Since the MPRP and the Democratic Party are the only political parties in Mongolia with wide national representation, they are also the most divided. Established in 1921, the MPRP is Mongolia’s oldest political organization. When multi-party elections were legalized in 1990, it was the only party with a sophisticated network of party cells and members. All the other parties had to build their networks from scratch, which greatly hindered their performance in elections. Today, only the Democratic Party can rival the MPRP with its nationwide network of party organizations, while the rest of the parties are still mainly concentrated in UB. It could be argued that Mongolia’s first past the pole electoral system has aided the rise of two large opposing parties, although lately there has been talk of revising election laws in favor of a proportional system of representation. Our look at Mongolian parties is limited to the MPRP and the Democratic Party given the current political situation.

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MPRP

POLITICS

the government, the MPRP voted in favor of a coalition government.

Davaadorjiin Ganbold, leader of the newly formed Mongolian National Progress Party, became chief Deputy Prime Minister in Dashiin Byambasuren’s cabinet, and Dambiin Dorligjav of the Mongolian Democratic Party became a Deputy. A coalition government ensured legitimacy and political stability for the MPRP, which was still seen as the bulwark of communist values.

(Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party)

The Old Guard 1990-1996

In the early 1990s, the MPRP had one serious advantage compared to others: its name was almost synonymous with political power given the fact that it ruled singlehandedly for almost 80 years. This was especially true for older people and the conservative rural population. Plus, its leaders were well known to the electorate, which enabled the MPRP to gain an overwhelming majority in the parliament in the 1990 and 1992 elections. Most of the MPRP candidates in these elections were old-timers who had previously held high positions in the communist government. For instance, Dashiin Byambasuren, Mongolia’s Prime Minister during the turbulent years of 1990-1992, had served as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1989, and Mongolia’s first President Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat had served as Chairman of the State Commission for Foreign Economic Relations from 1985 until 1990. Interestingly enough, both Byambasuren and Ochirbat, who have made their careers through the ranks of the MPRP, later joined the Democratic Party.

In some eastern European countries, Communist parties were dismantled and reorganized from within after the fall of communism. MPRP leaders did not take this route; instead, they simply rewrote their platform. The rebranding took place during the party’s Extraordinary Congress, convened in April 1990, shortly after the Politburo resigned acquiescing to the demands of hunger strikers. Unwilling to give up its power, the Extraordinary Congress announced that the MPRP was ready to lead the country towards a new future.

When the first free election was held on July 22, 1990, the MPRP was easily able to capture the majority vote. Although it had enough seats to independently form

Nambaryn Enkhbayar • Once Mongolia’s most authoritative figure, Enkhbayar has now joined the ranks of regular citizens.

Nevertheless, he is still clamoring for political power, waging a public feud with current party leaders.

Enkhbayar still has supporters in the MPRP, and he may yet attempt to take back control. If this fails, he could establish a party of his own.

1990 was a difficult time for Mongolia, and Byambasuren’s cabinet was appointed with the hard task of economic reform. Trade with former socialist countries almost ceased, and the economy was disintegrating. Byambasuren and his deputies began to take steps to liberalize the economy, privatizing government property and livestock. The infamous Act No. 20, which partially freed price controls, devastated the people as it devalued their life savings. To make things worse, dealers at the Bank of Mongolia lost more than 30 million USD in foreign exchange deals in 1991. This was a significant chunk of the country’s foreign reserves.

Chief Deputy Prime Minister Ganbold, a trained economist who actively engaged in policy issues, became the MPRP’s scapegoat for these mistakes, which eventually led to its overwhelming victory in the 1992 election.

After winning this pivotal election 71 to 5, the MPRP formed a government of its own led by Puntsagiin Jasrai. Budragchaagiin Dash-Yondon was the Chairman of the MPRP at the time. While Jasrai was busy reassuring people that he could see “light at the end of the tunnel” (a blithely optimistic reference to the economic situation), Dash-Yondon, a philosophy professor, tried to reposition his party to the center-left by citing the subject of his studies – the teachings of the ancient Indian philosopher Nagarjuna.

This attempt to extricate the party from its Marxist-Leninist roots proved to be

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jaagiin Bayar, one of his loyalists, for the Chairman post; however, Enkhbayar was able to garner enough support to gain control of the party and become Chairman.

As a result, Bagabandi brought Sanjaagiin Bayar to the office of the President, appointing him Head of the Office of President.

ill-fated. It didn’t help that the economic situation wasn’t improving under Jasrai’s government, and the MPRP suffered a blowing defeat in the 1996 election. The mighty MPRP was now a minority in the parliament for the first time in its history (it captured 26 seats to the Democratic Union’s 50).

At the time, the Democratic government was struggling to keep afloat. The MPRP was happy to aid the Democrats in undermining one another, and President Bagabandi did his part by refusing to sign off on Democratic nominations for Prime Minister as one government after another collapsed. Meanwhile, Enkhbayar was busy rehabilitating his party’s image.

The MPRP successfully joined the Socialist International in 1999, and party leaders emphasized renewal and regeneration since it was important for them to dismiss the MPRP’s communist image in order to appeal to younger voters.

The House of Enkhbayar 1996-2005

This unexpected defeat stirred things up at the party headquarters. Before the election results rolled in, nobody actually believed that the Democratic Union could win. The younger members of the MPRP began to pressure Dash-Yondon to resign and take responsibility for this defeat. They saw an opportunity to take matters in their own hands, and the loss of an election created an opening. Nambaryn Enkhbayar, who served as Minister of Culture in Jasrai’s cabinet, began to actively lobby for “party renewal”, which was a euphemism for the resignation of party leaders.

However, the party Plenum’s choice for its Chairman was Natsagiin Bagabandi, Speaker of the previous Parliament since he was the MPRP’s designated candidate for the presidential election. It was imperative for the MPRP to win this election; another defeat would have dealt a tremendous blow to party morale. Although Bagabandi beat Enkhbayar to the post of party Chairman, he was pressured to appoint Enkhbayar as Secretary General.

The events of 1996-1997 increased factionalism within the MPRP. Despite getting snubbed, Enkhbayar began to consolidate his power; he was supported by the members of the old guard as well some of the younger members of the party, such as Chultemiin Ulaan. In the summer of 1997, Bagabandi was duly elected President, and the struggle for power resumed again. It was rumored that Bagabandi favored San-

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Miyegombyn Enkhbold Deputy Prime Minister • Deputy Prime Minister Enkhbold may be Sukhbaataryn Batbold’s strongest opponent given his vast network of supporters in the MPRP. Only 46 years old, Enkhbold is still relatively young, thus his ambition will not be quenched by a second tier position, and he may attempt a takeover before the next election.

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In retrospect, Enkhbayar’s rise to power was somewhat unexpected. A lowly translator (albeit with a degree from the distinguished Maxim Gorkii Institute of Literature), Enkhbayar was an unlikely successor to the career apparatchiks of the MPRP. He began his career with the Mongolian Writers’ Union, rising through the ranks to eventually lead the organization. At this time, he began studying English, which later proved to be an important asset. Although he may not have had the prerequisite elite background, he was young, and he possessed enough political acumen to gain influence within the party.

As Minister of Culture in Jasrai’s government, he projected an image of a man in touch with Mongolia’s historical and cultural heritage, a trait that most MPRP leaders lacked. Having translated Buddhist works early in his career, he highly publicized his role in re-building the Megjid Janraisig statue of the Gandantegchilen Monastery, which was torn down by the MPRP in its early days. In fact, Buddhism became an important part of his image, and it greatly aided his popularity as Mongolians increasingly turned to religion in lieu of communist ideals. In terms of ideology, Enkhbayar began to cite Tony Blair’s “Third way” as inspiration for his policies.

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In 2000, Enkhbayar’s efforts succeeded with flying colors as the MPRP won an overwhelming majority in the parliament, capturing 71 out of 76 seats. As expected, Enkhbayar became Prime Minister and appointed his allies, including Chultemiin Ulaan, Tsendiin Nyamdorj and Ulziisaikhany Enkhtuvshin, to his cabinet. The era of the House of Enkhbayar began.

Once again, the MPRP had unlimited power: it now controlled both the parliament and the presidency (Bagabandi was re-elected President in 2001). The Democrats were reduced to a paltry opposition, and Enkhbayar was free to preside over all decisions. He created a Deputy Minister position at every Ministry, and it was rumored that they were for sale (interestingly enough, the current Prime Minister Sukhbaataryn Batbold joined the MPRP and became Deputy Minister of Foreign Relations in Enkhbayar’s cabinet in 2000).

In terms of policy, Enkhbayar’s government actively publicized its “Millennium road” project, while Minister of Finance Chultemiin Ulaan began to centralize budgetary decisions.

On New Year’s Eve of 2004, Enkhbayar surprised everyone by announcing that Mongolia’s Soviet-era debt to Russia has been fully settled. Although many Mongolians have disputed the so-called Grand Debt, estimated at 11.4 billion convertible rubles, the debt settlement was received jubilantly – the Russian government unexpectedly agreed to write off 98 percent of the debt by accepting a one-time payment of 250 million USD. However, the deal has been clouded with secrecy, and it was rumored that negotiators on both sides have pocketed a substantial chunk of the money.

As his power grew, Enkhbayar began to alienate members of his own party. People spoke of a “cult of personality”, and Enkhbayar’s wife Onongiin Tsolmon was highly criticized for her interference with decision-making. By 2004, Enkhbayar’s image had greatly suffered. As a result, the MPRP didn’t perform as expected in the 2004 parliamentary election, which resulted in a hung parliament. Thus, a Grand Coalition government, an alliance between the MPRP and the “Motherland

POLITICS

– Democracy Union”, a coalition of Democratic forces, was formed, and the coalition partners agreed to appoint a candidate of their choice as Prime Minister in two year intervals. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj first assumed the post on behalf of “Motherland-Democracy”, and while he was to be succeeded by an MPRP candidate in 2006, he didn’t last the full two years.

Sanjaagiin Bayar Member of Parliament • Given the peculiar circumstances of his transfer of power, it is unlikely that Bayar will once again lust for the number one position in the MPRP. Although some people still perceive Batbold as one of Bayar’s “people”, it would be difficult for Bayar to keep his influence; after all, Batbold now holds all the cards, and when one is that powerful, one does not look back.

During negotiations for a Grand Coalition, Enkhbayar carved out a niche for himself by securing his appointment as Speaker of the Parliament. But this wasn’t enough: he had his eye on the presidency.

At the time, the media speculated that Enkhbayar desired to become President with a view of altering the Constitution and creating a presidential system. As the 2005 presidential election neared, Enkhbayar succeeded in getting himself nominated from the MPRP. When Enkhbayar emerged victorious from the Presidential election of 2005, the party Chairman position was left open.

The Battle for

Power 2005-2010

In 1998, Enkhbayar was instrumental in appointing a relative unknown, Miyegombyn Enkhbold, to the lucrative post of Ulaanbaatar’s mayor. Despite being considered young and inexperienced, Enkhbold began building a political base of his own through his city connections.

Although he didn’t officially attach himself to any one faction, he eventually became Enkhbayar’s designated successor due to his increasing clout in the party.

Enkhbold faced Sanjaagiin Bayar in internal elections for the Chairmanship in 2005, and he managed to secure the seat despite strong support for Bayar. This time around, Sanjaagiin Bayar became the party’s Secretary General.

The new Chairman promptly began lobbying for Elbegdorj’s resignation, and succeeded in ousting his government by ally-

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As the election neared, Bayar proceeded to wage an expensive campaign against the Democrats. When the results of the 2008 parliamentary election were publicized, the MPRP was accused of vote-rigging, and protestors took to the streets on July 1, 2008. The mob rushed to MPRP headquarters, throwing stones and demanding an explanation from Bayar himself. As the building was set ablaze, MPRP leaders left through the back door. President Enkhbayar finally declared a state of emergency; nevertheless, five people were killed.

ing with a group of Democratic MPs who broke off from “Motherland-Democracy”. Enkhbold, who gathered a loyal following in the MPRP during his seven-year stint as city mayor, became Prime Minister. While in power, Enkhbold strengthened his grip on the party, building his own faction, colloquially called “the city group”. As Enkhbold consolidated his power, his relationship with Enkhbayar began to deteriorate.

Threatened by Enkhbold’s growing power, President Enkhbayar sided with his former opponent Sanjaagiin Bayar to oust Enkhbold’s cabinet, who also lost his party Chairmanship to Bayar. As expected, the party Congress voted for Bayar to lead the government. Enkhbold was often characterized as a very pragmatic man who gets things done, yet Bayar’s image of an intellectual and ideologue seemed more in keeping with the MPRP type.

Sanjaagiin Bayar’s sudden appointment somewhat enhanced MPRP ratings. While both Enkhbayar and Enkhbold’s offices were tainted with rumors of rampant corruption, Bayar was seen as relatively “clean”. He was also a very shrewd politician, who knew how to maneuver himself out of bad situations. Bayar was a fine specimen of what Mongolians call “Russian-schooled” – he graduated from a Russian high school in UB, going on to study at the prestigious Moscow State University, and, of course, he knew how to drink vodka and curse like the Russians. Not only that, but he served as Mongolia’s ambassador to Russia for four years (20012005), when Mongolia’s “Great Debt” was being settled. The opposition decried his ties with the Russians when Bayar lobbied to allow the Russian oil giant “Rosneft” to build 100 gas stations throughout the country. It is also interesting that Russian papers cried foul when Mongolia finally signed an agreement with Ivanhoe Mines and Rio Tinto over Oyu Tolgoi. According to “Kommersant”, a Russian daily newspaper, “senior Mongolian officials promised a controlling stake in Oyu Tolgoi to the Russian side”. In light of these developments, Bayar’s image began to wane.

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Sukhbaataryn Batbold Prime Minister and Chairman of the MPRP • To many, Batbold’s rise to power came as a surprise. His political career began in 2000, when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Relations in Enkhbayar’s government.

Although many associated him with Enkhbayar’s faction, he later aligned himself with Sanjaagiin Bayar, eventually gaining his endorsement. He still has limited influence in the MRPP, thus his career hinges upon building a large enough support base in the party.

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The protest seriously damaged MPRP’s legitimacy: at the end of the day, an MPRP government would not be legitimate enough to give the go-ahead on Oyu Tolgoi and Tavan Tolgoi, the two huge projects on the government’s agenda. Thus, Bayar devised an ingenious plan: another coalition government, even though his party had more than enough seats to comfortably control the cabinet. A coalition government would not only make things more palatable to the public, but it would also facilitate faster decision-making. The Democrats bought it, and the second Coalition government was born. As they say, the rest is history.

Although Bayar’s government successfully oversaw the historic signing of the Oyu Tolgoi agreement, he stepped down on October 28th, 2009. Many questioned his intentions, but Bayar gave his failing health as reason for his retirement. Sukhbaataryn Batbold, a prominent businessman and a relative newcomer to politics, was the MPRP (and Bayar)’s choice for leading the government. Batbold’s political career began in 2000, when he became Deputy Minister of Foreign Relations in Enkhbayar’s cabinet. In contrast with the previous leaders of the MPRP, whose careers had been entrenched in party politics, Batbold is not a party boss, and thus his influence in the MPRP may be limited.

Although people feel weary about his involvement in the Boroo gold and Tavan Tolgoi projects, some say that his business acumen will be an asset to the government.

Today, Prime Minister Sukhbaataryn Batbold is the Chairman of the MPRP, and Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh is the Secretary General. Khurelsukh began his career at the MPRP in 1991, working his way up.

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For many years, he served as president of the MPRP’s much maligned youth union, and was first elected to the Parliament in 2000 at age 32, later serving as cabinet Minister. He wasn’t nominated in the 2008 elections because his chances of being elected were considered ruined by the Savings Bank scandal, in which many members of the MPRP’s youth union were implicated.

Compared to Batbold, Khurelsukh’s entire career has been intertwined with the MPRP. Three years ago, he formalized his support base by establishing an NGO called the Union of Left Wing Forces.

POLITICS

Democratic Party, it may be of interest to briefly outline their origins.

Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh Secretary General of the MPRP • Khurelsukh may be one of the most ambitious members of the MPRP’s new generation. A career politician, he has the ability to rally party members to his support as Secretary General, thus he could become a strong contender for the number one position given Batbold’s weak support base.

Looking back, it’s apparent that party factionalism in the MPRP is a by-product of a revolving roster of individual leaders, who rally members to their support. Keeping the party in check is a crucial skill set for a would-be MPRP leader, and it’s unclear whether Sukhbaataryn Batbold possesses enough political acumen to keep himself in power. To complicate matters further, Enkhbayar still has a formidable support base, while the next generation of party leaders, Khurelsukh et al, is impatiently waiting for their turn at the table.

The inaugural Congress of the Mongolian Democratic Association, the first officially organized reformist movement, was held on February 18, 1990. They emphasized political freedom, including multi-party elections and freedom of press. In terms of economic policy, they proclaimed that the MPRP has failed to achieve the goals of socialism, thus a renewed conceptual framework for a true socialist economy was needed. The Mongolian Democratic Association frequently organized mass protests, which were usually accompanied by the song “Bell Ringing”, performed by the now legendary band “Bell”. Known by their Mongolian acronym “MoAKh”, members of the Democratic Association co-founded the Mongolian Democratic Party, which won 16 seats in the parliament in the 1990 election, and one of its members, Dambiin Dorligjav, became Deputy Prime Minister in Dashiin Byambasuren’s cabinet.

If MoAKh concentrated on political reform, the New Progress Association focused on the economic side of things.

It was first established by the members of the Young Economists’ Club founded by the younger employees of the Bank of Mongolia, Ministry of Finance, National Planning Commission and other finance related organizations. At their meetings, they mainly discussed issues of private ownership, 1990-1996 free-market economy and economic liberalWhen the political climate thawed in the late 1980s, people began to formally orgaization. Members of nize. As of early 1990, four separate movements emerged: the Mongolian Democratic Associathe New Progress Astion (Mongolyn Ardchilsan Kholboo), the Social-Democratic Movement (Ardchilsan Socialsociation eventually ist Khudulguun), the New Progress Association (Shine Devshilt Kholboo), and the Mongolian co-founded the MonStudents Association (Mongolyn Oyutny Kholboo). They came together for the first time on golian National ProgMarch 4th, 1990 in a public rally attended by tens of thousands of supporters, and issued a procress Party, known by lamation demanding multi-party elections. This document became known as the proclamation its Mongolian acroof the four movements. Since these pro-reform movements laid the foundation for today’s nym “MUDN”, which

The

Democratic Party

The Four Movements

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won 6 seats in the parliament in the 1990 election. As a result, Davaadorjiin Ganbold became Chief Deputy Prime Minister in Dashiin Byambasuren’s cabinet.

The Social Democratic Movement was a grouping of university teachers, many of them mathematicians and physicists. They adhered to a social democratic worldview, and lobbied for welfare reform. Its members co-founded the Mongolian Social Democratic Party, or “MSDN”, which won 4 seats in the 1990 election, and its member Radnaasumbereliin Gonchigdorj was elected Vice-President of Mongolia by the Great Khural.

Although the Mongolian Students Association did not evolve into a full-fledged political party, many of its leaders later joined the Democratic Party.

The Democratic Experiment 1996-2000

In the 1992 election, “MoAKh”, “MUDN” and the Green party formed a coalition, which brought them 4 seats in the parliament, and “MSDN”, which ran separately, won 1 seat. The Democrats suffered their first blowing defeat and had to regroup if they were ever to overthrow the MPRP. Thus, while Puntsagiin Jasrai’s government was struggling to keep the Mongolian economy afloat, the Democrats began unifying. Election allies “MoAKh”, “MUDN” and two other parties merged to found a new party, the Mongolian National Democratic Party (Mongolian acronym: “MUAN”). Tsakhiagiin Elbeg dorj and Davaadorjiin Ganbold competed for the post of party Chairman with Elbegdorj winning the vote. Although “MSDN”, one of the original four movements of 1990, didn’t officially join them, it entered the grand coalition of pro-democracy forces, the Democratic Union (Ardchilsan Kholboo), just in time for the parliamentary election of 1996. At the end, the Democratic Union captured 50 seats in the Parliament, which gave it a two thirds majority. The MPRP was crushed.

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ALTANGADAS • Altangadas members are united by one thing: their ambition. Norovyn Altankhuyag, the informal leader of Altangadas, is currently the Chairman of the Democratic Party and the Chief Deputy Prime Minister in Sukhbaataryn Batbold’s government. Influential members of Altangadas include Vice-Speaker of the Parliament and prominent businessman Gavaagiin Batkhuu as well as Sangajavyn Bayartsogt, current Minister of Finance.

Altangadas faces serious opposition from the union of MoAKh and MUDN, thus Altankhuyag’s ability to hang on to his Chairmanship may be limited.

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As Mongolia’s first opposition government, the Democrats initiated a radical economic liberalization and reform program. In 1997, most urban housing, which was ostensibly owned by the government, was transferred to their legal tenants free of charge. As a result, more than 80 thousand families became property owners.

Influenced by free market economists, the Union’s first government, led by Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, abolished all trade tariffs, fully liberalizing Mongolia’s trade structure. Although this was hailed by some as an extremely bold move, imported goods soon flooded the market, causing the few domestic factories to go bankrupt.

An ambitious banking reform also led to bankruptcies, as several banks failed due to an overwhelming amount of bad loans and poor management.

On top of policy issues, the Democratic Union itself has proved to be politically precarious. Forced to ally for electoral reasons, the Democrats didn’t have a unified vision for leading the country. They also haggled among themselves for cabinet positions, and no one leader was acceptable to everybody. At the end, Prime Minister Enkhsaikhan was overthrown in less than two years. The MPRP took advantage of the Democrats’ internal struggles, and facilitated the overthrow of multiple Democratic cabinets. Thus, Enkhsaikhan was succeeded by Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, who was succeeded by Janlavyn Naratsatsralt, who was in turn succeeded by Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal.

What led to this instability? While Enkhsaikhan’s downfall was mainly attributed to his refusal to follow party policy, there were internal reasons as well.

In 1996, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj served as the Chairman of the Democratic Party.

Although Elbegdorj desired to lead the government, the party decided to nominate Enkhsaikhan, who was essentially a compromise candidate without strong ties to any of the factions. There was still residual resentment at this oversight, thus the question of “Shouldn’t the Chairman of the party lead the government?” lingered in the air.

When Enkhsaikhan eventually lost his post to Elbegdorj, he gathered his supporters to plan an overthrow of his own. Nicknamed “Sand’s 13” (Steven Soderbergh

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must have been closely following Mongolian politics when he planned “Ocean’s 11”), Enkhsaikhan’s supporters teamed up with the MPRP to bring down Elbegdorj’s cabinet.

As the Democratic Union slowly disintegrated, one of the early leaders of “MoAKh”, Sanjaasurengiin Zorig, was murdered. At the time, rumors of his possible appointment as Prime Minister were widely circulated (he had been Minister of Infrastructure in Narantsatsralt’s crumbling cabinet). Police investigation revealed nothing. To make matters worse, three MPs from the Democratic Union were charged with corruption in conjunction with the infamous “casino hearings” and sent to jail. People began to reminisce for the MPRP’s iron rule, which was finally delivered to them in 2000, ending the short-lived Democratic experiment.

The Battle for Power 2000-2010

After the 2000 election, ex-coalition parties began meeting again. Although one election was lost, another was coming up: the presidential election of 2001. According to the Constitution, only parties holding seats in the Parliament can nominate candidates to the presidency.

MUAN was represented in the parliament, but MSDN wasn’t. Thus, its Chairman Radnaasumbereliin Gonchigdorj, who had his eye on the Presidential election, was ready to negotiate a merger.

On December 06th, 2000, the Democratic Party was born. Besides MUAN and MSDN, three other parties joined. Dambiin Dorligjav, a MoAKh representative, became Chairman of the party, while Gonchigdorj won the party nomination for the presidential election. Unfortunately, Gonchigdorj lost to the incumbent Natsagiin Bagabandi by a wide margin, crushing the hopes of the Democrats.

In 2002, Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan succeeded Dorligjav as party Chairman. In preparation for the upcoming parliamentary election, Enkhsaikhan began meeting with Badarchiin Erdenebat, the leader of

MoAKh • Members of MoAKh earned the nickname “guerilla” for their constant need to crusade against the status quo.

President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj used to belong to MoAKh, although he has officially given up his party membership after being elected President.

MoAKh still has strong support with rank and file party members, thus it can effectively compete with Altangadas when it comes to internal elections.

Prominent leaders of the faction include MP Zandaakhuugiin Enkhbold, who is also the head of the newly established Democratic Community Union, and Khaltmaagiin Battulga, Minister of Construction and Urban Development.

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the “Motherland - MNSDP” party. The founder of “Erel” group, a prominent business entity with interests in mining, finance and construction, Erdenebat entered politics in 2000, founding his own party and waging an expensive election campaign. As a result, “Motherland” received 11 percent of the popular vote in 2000, which translated to one seat in the parliament, Erdenebat’s own. Unbeknownst to the Democratic Party leaders, Enkhsaikhan secretly negotiated with his friend Erdenebat to form a coalition for the 2004 election, promising his party 25 electoral districts. This led to more conflict in the Democratic Party, which could now only nominate 51 candidates.

At this time, ex-MSDN members of the Democratic Party founded the “Altangadas” association, ostensibly a non-governmental organization. Although members of Altangadas assured the press that they didn’t have political objectives, Altangadas became an unofficial faction of the former MSDN in the Democratic Party.

As the 2004 election came close, candidate nomination became a thorny issue for the Democrats. According to Enkhsaikhan’s agreement with Erdenebat, the Democrats were left with a limited number of districts. As a result, some prominent party members, such as Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, decided to run independently.

When the election results came in, “Motherland – Democracy” coalition ended up with 36 seats – not enough for a majority, even though 3 independent candidates affiliated with the Democratic Party were also elected. If the elected independents ran on behalf of “Motherland-Democracy”, the coalition would have captured a majority in the parliament.

The resulting hung parliament led to the Grand Coalition government, a partnership between “Motherland-Democracy” and the MPRP. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj became Prime Minister once again, and the two sides equally divided up ministerial positions with an agreement that an MPRP Prime Minister would rule for the second half of the term.

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However, internal conflict within the Democratic camp escalated. In December, 2004 its National Committee voted for a change of leadership, and Enkhsaikhan was deposed in favor of Gonchigdorj. Enkhsaikhan didn’t accept the Committee’s decision, and the resulting stand-off led to the dissolution of the “Motherland-Democracy” coalition. After months of going back and forth, an agreement was finally reached: the Democratic Party would back Enkhsaikhan for the presidential election, and Gonchigdorj was to remain party Chairman.

In the summer of 2005, Enkhsaikhan, who campaigned on an anti-corruption platform, lost the presidential election to Nambaryn Enkhbayar.

Soon after, Enkhsaikhan and Erdenebat teamed up with Miyegombyn Enkhbold’s MPRP to bring down Elbegdorj’s government yet again. The days of the Grand Coalition were over. Enkhsaikhan, who became Deputy Prime Minister in Enkhbold’s government, was banished from the Democratic Party and went on to found UShN, the National New Party.

Lamjavyn Gundalai, who was first elected to the Parliament in 2000 as an independent, while later becoming a Democrat, also left the Democrats to found his own party. He became Minister of Health in Enkhbold’s cabinet, only to be ousted a year later.

The Democratic Party had to wait the 2008 election. In the meantime, ex-Prime Minister Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj was elected Chairman for the first time.

This time around, the Democrats didn’t form coalitions with any other parties (Gundalai dissolved his People’s Party and joined the Democratic ticket in Khuvsgul).

Polls showed that Democrats had a good chance of winning the 2008 election. However, election results didn’t meet expectations: the Democrats won 28 seats to the MPRP’s 45, and the remaining 3 seats went to smaller parties and independents.

Nevertheless, the MPRP’s Sanjaagiin Bayar wished to form a co-

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alition with the Democrats in light of July 1st events. Norovyn Altankhuyag, the informal leader of the “Altangadas” faction, became Chairman of the Democratic Party and negotiated a coalition government with the MPRP.

MUDN • MUDN is a very idiosyncratic group, and it still retains its roots of a private club. Its members are still mostly economists, many of them now prominent businessmen. As such, MUDN is probably the most right-wing, favoring lower taxes and more favorable conditions for business. MUDN’s de-facto leader is MP Nyamjavyn Batbayar, though it boasts a long roster of well-known politicians, such as ex-Prime Minister Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal and Chairman of State Great Khural’s Standing Committee on Economics, MP Tsevelmaagiin Bayarsaikhan. Historically, MUDN’s alignment with any other faction could shift the existing balance of power, but its exclusivity tends to limit its own chances of capturing party leadership.

Today, the Democratic Party remains deeply fractured along the lines of previous party affiliations, a consequence of its thorny history in opposition to the MPRP. Altangadas, or the former Social Democrats, retains the Chairmanship of the party in the face of Altankhuyag, while MUDN’s Do. Erdenebat is the Secretary General. MoAKh is represented

by Sodnomzunduin Erdene, who is the Chairman of the UB branch of the party. Several months ago, former MoAKh and MUDN affiliates have established the Democratic Community Union, an NGO, which analysts believe is their answer to the ascendancy of Altangadas.

The Democratic Party’s chances of winning elections hinges on its ability to resolve internal squabbles and present a unified face to the electorate. The tag-along role of the Democrats’ in the current coalition government may hurt their performance in the next election; thus a change in leadership may be in order if the Democrats want to win.

for

THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE The defining trait of Mongolian politics is the question of leadership, and policy issues are often relegated to the second place. In fact, Mongolian politics is not defined by the struggle between the left and the right as it is the case in most two-party systems. Since both parties have embraced a populist social welfare model, it is almost impossible to differentiate them based on policy issues. Smaller parties often follow their lead, and their chances of survival are slim given the realities of the current electoral system. The parliament is expected to debate several proposals for a new Law on Elections next fall; however, it is difficult to expect the members of ruling parties to vote for radical change.

However, the increasing urbanization and sophistication of the electoral population may eventually push Mongolian parties to concentrate on concrete policy proposals, which may lead to a classical twoparty system. Perhaps a re-alignment across party lines may be in order if Mongolian politics is to follow the western model. Until then, it is the law of the jungle: whoever is stronger (read: richer), wins.

According to some, this process may have already started. MPRP leaders have recently indicated that they would like to change their name and adopt the party’s 1920s title Mongolian People’s Party.

Its current Chairman Batbold indicated that the party seeks to reposition itself to the right and embrace what he calls a “national democratic platform”. The Democrats have yet to counter their opponent’s re-branding efforts, but more developments may be on their way.

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Òîîíî [ toono ] ~ noun

1. The wooden crown of the ger, its window to the world.

2. Nine Seventy Six magazine’s Art and Culture section.

EATING SHEEP’S HEAD IN ULAANBAATAR + LOVE IN THE STEPPES: MONGOLIAN ROM COMS + BEE FM 107 BEE HIVE DEEJAYS + MONGOLIAN BLING

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EATING SHEEP’S HEAD IN ULAANBAATAR AN INTRODUCTION TO MONGOLIAN CONTEMPORARY ART

Batbayaryn Jargalan

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It is mid-May (2009) in UB, early spring. The fickleness of the Mongolian spring is notorious: while the sun may shine happily in the morning, it can easily give way to an impromptu snowstorm by the evening without so much as a warning. On one such inexplicable spring day, the nation held its breath for the widely-anticipated television debate between Nambaryn Enkhbayar, the incumbent President running for re-election on behalf of the ruling Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party, and the ex-prime minister Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj of the Democratic Party, who rallied As the two candidates battled it out on telehis supporters with mantra of vision, another candidate was busy campaigning on change à la Barack Obama. the streets of UB. Blue Sun group, a contemporary art association founded in 2005, has “nominated” one of its members, the artist Sambuugiin Mashbat, to run for President from the fictitious Art Party of Mongolia. The artists put up fliers and posters

Yondonjunain Dalkh-Ochir Stills from the artist’s “Eating sheep’s head” performance piece

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“Art Party posters” by Blue sun artists (2009) Photo courtesy of “Blue sun” center

advertising their candidate around the city as bewildered pedestrians looked on. The flyers, which parodied traditional election-style posters with a solemn-looking photograph of the candidate along with a catchy slogan, encouraged people to “Dig into your head! We do have (Oyu and Tavan) Tolgoi”, a pun on “Tolgoi”, the word for “head” in Mongolian.

While the future of Oyu Tolgoi, a world-class copper deposit in the Gobi, and the adjacent coal-rich Tavan Tolgoi, has been the apple of contention in Mongolian politics for many years, Blue Sun artists have taken a decidedly humorous approach in tackling the thorny subject. The group had even held a press conference announcing Mashbat’s candidacy to the media, and the entire performance was accompanied by an exhibition at the Blue Sun art gallery, a small underground space in the basement of an old apartment complex in downtown UB devoted to avant-garde works. Although mainstream media, let alone the two candidates, have taken little notice of the Art Party and its platform, artists and hipsters in the know made a point of gathering at the Blue Sun gallery to cast their vote for art, while Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj went on to win the election on May 24, 2009.

While the “Art Party” project is one of the first cases of Mongolian artists directly participating in the political discourse, the history of Mongolian art has always been deeply intertwined with the country’s political fortunes. In the early 20th century, as Mongolia became a socialist republic, Buddhist art and traditional Mongolian painting, the prevailing aesthetic norms of the time, were abandoned under the Soviet influence in favor of a predominantly western style of representation. Since the 1940s aspiring art students from all corners of

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Mongolia attended fine art academies in Moscow and Leningrad, bringing back extensive knowledge of the academic tradition. In the following years, many of these artists have become poster boys for state-prescribed Socialist realism, painting portraits of party leaders and idyllic country scenes. However, even then some artists managed to produce novel works that did not quite fit the mold of Socialist realism. In 1968 an exhibition by a group of artists, including State Laureate Artist Ochiryn Tsevegjav, Gombyn Soosai and Puntsagnamjiliin Baldandorj, was shut down by the government because it featured abstract paintings deemed to be “capitalist art”. According to art historian Tsultemiin Uranchimeg, this historic exhibition has ushered in a new era of freedom of thought and expression for the next generation of artists. As the political climate gradually thawed, artists began to experiment with various non-figurative styles, increasingly turning towards abstraction, expressionism and conceptual art.

In the late 1980s, at a time when first independent political movements were being formed, a number of artist collectives emerged. The most prominent of these was the Green horse group, founded by artists Batbayaryn Gansukh, Yondonjunain Dalkh-Ochir, Sambuugin Mashbat and Galsandorjiin Erdenebileg in 1989. In the spirit of early modernists, Green horse artists issued a manifesto that proclaimed their art to be free and openminded. They also boldly asserted that “art should not be governed by any one theory”. The founding members of Green horse, who were unified by their commitment to new forms of art, have formed the collective after being repeatedly excluded from exhibitions held at the Exhibition Hall of the Union of Mongolian Artists (UMA), the only exhibition space available to artists at the time. As a result, they chose to show their works independently in order to escape censorship. Their first exhibition, aptly titled “Action-1”, took place in 1990, a turbulent year for Mongolia both politically and intellectually. Works exhibited at “Action-1” not only dramatically departed from the accepted norms of artistic representation but also explored such previously taboo subjects as the legend of “The He-Wolf and Beautiful Deer” (1988), the mythical progenitors of the Mongolian race. Subsequently, in 1991, works by Green

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Ochiryn Tsevegjav “Ehiin tsagaan setgel”

horse artists reached a western audience at an exhibition entitled “Green horse” at the Goethe 53 art gallery in Munich, Germany.

The Green horse group was soon followed by similar art collectives, giving rise to a vibrant contemporary art scene in Ulaanbaatar in the 1990s. The founders of Green horse eventually established an art school by the same name to provide aspiring young artists with an alternative to state-funded art colleges that still adhered to outdated methods of instruction. As the only truly independent art school at the time, the Green horse school was imperative in exposing students to contemporary art practices during its brief existence (1995-1999).

Although the number of actively engaged artists proliferated in the 1990s, the art scene continued to suffer from the lack of art galleries and exhibition spaces. The UMA Exhibition Hall (later renamed art gallery) remained the only option for artists to publicly show their work. However, only handpicked members of the Union of Mongolian Artists could book space at the gallery, which made the space virtually unavailable to young artists. In 1995, Yondonjunain Dalkh-ochir, one of the founders of “Green horse”, briefly managed an art club/exhibition space dedicated to his idol Joseph Beuys. The venue, which hosted exhibitions, poetry readings, music performances as well as raucous

parties, soon became an alternative platform for emerging artists. Unfortunately, the Beuys club was forced to shut down due to financial troubles only several months after opening.

Since the UMA art gallery was the only exhibition space available to artists throughout the early years of Mongolian contemporary art, the development of a viable art market was somewhat restricted. Nonetheless, a number of artists, who began to sow the seeds of abstraction in the 1980s, rose to local prominence in the following decade. Radnaagiin Duinkhorjav, Dolgorjavyn Bold, Chultemiin Boldbaatar, twin brothers Tsultemiin Enkhjin and Munkhjin, Tsagaandariin Enkhjargal and Shagdarjavyn Chimeddorj, among others, began to exhibit widely both in Mongolia and abroad, greatly influencing both the viewing public and the next generation of artists. Most of these artists were educated abroad, at art academies of the Soviet Union or Eastern Europe. For instance, Dolgorjavyn Bold, who turned to abstract art in the late 1980s, graduated from the Repin Academy of Art, while Tsultemiin Enkhjin, who currently heads the Union of Mongolian Artists, has a degree from the East German “Hochschule fuer Bildende Kuenste”. One of the most influential artists of his generation, Radnaagiin Duinkhorjav, who passed away in 1996, remains an idiosyncratic figure Left: Yondonjunain Dalkh-Ochir “Borte Chono, Goo Maral” (1988) Photo courtesy of in Mongolian contemporary art, Yo.Dalkh-Ochir Right: Gombyn Soosai “My Mongolia” (1976) Collection of the Monand his vast canvases filled with golian National Modern Art Gallery Photo courtesy of the Mongolian National Modern Art Gallery

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Left: Radnaagiin Duinkhorjav, “Blue Mongolia”, Collection of the Mongolian National Modern Art Gallery, Photo courtesy of the Mongolian National Modern Art Gallery; Right: Monkhoryn Erdenebayar, “Red Steppes, Series No.2”, (2008), Photo courtesy of Teo+Namfah gallery

mythical characters continue to inspire.

Female artists have also played an important role in modernizing Mongolian art. Ser-odyn Sarantsatsralt is an influential contemporary artist, whose installations and video works have found a welcome audience both in Mongolia and abroad.

The first female artist to earn the title of State Laureate Artist, Sarantsatsralt is a media darling, and her crazy hairstyles and candid interviews are just as famous as her art. Trained as a sculptor, Sarantsatsralt frequently collaborates with her husband Damdinsurengiin Bat-Erdene, who is also a sculptor. Another highly successful artistic duo is the husband and wife team of Monkhoryn Erdenebayar and Jalkhaajavyn Munkhtsetseg. Known for his instantly recognizable style, Erdenebayar creates semi-abstract paintings of horses, often executed in bright red and burgundy. Horses are such an important part of Mongolian culture and livelihood that almost every Mongolian artist has painted a horse at some point of his or her career. However, Erdenebayar is probably one of the very few artists, who have perfected this subject, creating a signature style of portrayal.

In a similar fashion, his wife Munkhtsetseg paints portraits of female figures adorned with traditional Mongolian hairstyles (popularized by the character of Queen Amidala in the Star Wars series). Both Erdenebayar and Munkhtsetseg have signed with Teo+Namfah art gallery based in Bangkok, Thailand, and have shown their work in solo exhibitions throughout Asia.

The Mongolian art world today is still dominated by these artists, the ones who have made a name for themselves in the 1990s, and their work can be found at the National Museum of Modern Art, the UMA art gallery or on the walls of prestigious offices in UB. The collections of most local art connoisseurs (whose number is still very small) include a sprinkling of their work plus or minus a few other names. Consequently, most of these artists enjoy an established relationship with local collectors, bypassing art galleries and dealers. The art

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market per se began to develop only in recent years as first commercial galleries were established. The Red Ger gallery, an initiative of the Arts Council of Mongolia, was established in 2003 with a mandate of providing a market platform for local artists. Although not a commercial art gallery in the strict sense of the word, the Red Ger has been instrumental in promoting the works of Mongolian artists to a local audience. Several other small galleries/art boutiques, including Chingis art gallery, Vessels of Honor gallery, Valiant art gallery and Pearl art gallery, among others, followed suit, catering to an audience of wealthy locals and expats. Since Mongolian political, economic and intellectual elite is concentrated in Ulaanbaatar, where almost 50 percent of the population lives, galleries are also clustered around downtown UB.

The artist-run Blue Sun gallery, the host of the aforementioned “Art Party” exhibition, was established in 2005. It resembles any other edgy art collective space anywhere else in the world except that it still remains on the fringes of the local art scene. The founder of Blue Sun, Yondonjunain Dalkh-ochir, has been on the forefront of Mongolian contemporary art since co-founding the Green horse group in 1989, and he endows his space with incredible creative energy. One of the most important exhibitions hosted by Blue Sun gallery was a performance piece by Dalkh-ochir entitled “Eating sheep’s head” (2005), in which a group of people sat around a table and each ate a sheep’s head. The solemn performance, an arresting comment on consumerist culture and a deft allusion to Mongolia’s nomadic heritage, was filmed as artists invited the audience to partake in their feast. One of the first Mongolian artists to experiment with performance art, Dalkh-ochir was also instrumental in introducing land art to Mongolia. He has organized several Art Camps, whereby invited local and international artists work on location to create works of art based on the local landscape. As an artist, Dalkh-ochir is quite well known in international circles; most recently, his work has been shown at the critically acclaimed Third Guangzhou Triennial.

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XanaduART gallery, one of the first Mongolian art galleries based on the Western gallery model, was established in 2006. It closely cooperates with the Blue Sun gallery in promoting cutting-edge Mongolian contemporary art to a wider audience.

As UB’s only art gallery exclusively devoted to contemporary art, XanaduART gallery has been able to tap into the previously unexplored creative undercurrent of Mongolian art. In recent years, many promising young artists, such as Dugarsurengiin Batzorig (Bazo), Davaagiin Dorjderem and Tsulbaataryn Odgerel, have held their first solo shows at XanaduART. Since 2007, XanaduART gallery has been running an artist studio program, whereby 10 artists are chosen annually to inhabit XanaduARTowned studio spaces in the industrial area of UB. Resident artists are chosen through the gallery’s annual art competition that targets emerging artists.

Born in 1981, the up-and-coming artist Davaagiin Dorjderem is one of XanaduART gallery’s resident artists, whose work has been enthusiastically received by both local and international audiences. His mixed media piece entitled “Voice in the space” (2006) received the People’s Choice Award from the Signature Art Prize organized by the APB Foundation and Singapore Art Museum in 2008. In this work, Dorjderem portrays the life of a fetus in a mother’s womb, from Davaagiin the moment of conception until it is given

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birth. “Voice in the space” expresses the artist’s belief that man’s pre-birth life in the womb represents man’s freest state. The issues of individual identity and self-definition are at the core of Dorjderem’s work. This is representative of the younger generation of artists, who were brought up during the transition, as old values were cast off but new ones had yet to be instituted. One of the new faces of Mongolian contemporary art, Dorjderem represented Mongolia at the Fukuoka Triennial held in September, 2009.

In fact, Dorjderem is a fitting representative of the new generation of Mongolian artists, who were born in the eighties or later. If their predecessors mainly looked to the west for inspiration, the younger generation is very much influenced by Mongolian tradition and history. Some, like Dagvasambuugiin Uuriintuya, have turned to Mongol zurag, a unique medium that duly attests to the great history of the Mongols. As such, Mongol zurag is an amalgam of different influences – it is at once a mix of shamanistic nomadic culture of the early Mongols, Buddhist art, the Khitan tradition as well as the Persian miniature style and the Chinese gua huà school. Uuriintuya’s series of paintings featuring countless flying cranes is exemplary of her distinctly contemporary take upon the tradiDorjderem tion of Mongol zurag.

“Bird of hidden universe” (2006) Photo courtesy of the artist

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Davaagiin Dorjderem “Bird of hidden universe” detail (2006) Photo courtesy of the artist

The artist makes masterful use of Mongol zurag’s flat composition style: in her painting entitled “The current time”, she depicts a bird’s eye view of the plains with flocks of cranes flying above traditional Mongolian gers arranged in a neat geometric pattern. However, the logical arrangement of the gers is disturbed by the random flight of the birds. The crane is a symbolic figure in Asian mythology, and Uuriintuya’s work can be interpreted as a depiction of Mongolia’s current state of flux as traditions collide and fundamental change takes place.

Of course, the future of these artists is tightly linked with current market conditions. Although Western-style art galleries began to emerge, the Mongolian art market has yet to mature. A secondary art market is virtually non-existent, and pricing can be highly arbitrary and non-transparent.

It is said that some of the top artists can fetch up to USD 20,000-30,000 for a single piece, however even their works can be acquired for as little as one thousand dollars in a studio visit. Nevertheless, the recent economic boom in Mongolia has greatly aided the artistic community as newly-minted millionaires seek to increase their cachet by buying works of art. Driven by growing public interest in contemporary art, some of the biggest collectors have established private museums for their collections. For instance, Parliament member Batjargalyn

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Batbayar’s impressive collection of Mongolian contemporary art, built around the oeuvre of his childhood friend Shagdarjavyn Chimeddorj, is available for public view at the Badamkhand Museum of Art, dedicated to Batbayar’s late wife. The MP’s collection also includes works by several well-known international artists, including the Chinese master Qi Bashi. Tsagaandariin Enkhtuvshin, another longtime collector of Mongolian art and brother of the artist Tsagaandariin Enkhjargal, has recently founded the Tsagaandarium museum in partnership with MCS, whose directors also hold a large collection of art. Moreover, President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj is an avid collector and the founder of “Elbeg” art gallery, which showcases a rotating display of works from his private collection. Besides private collectors, several Mongolian corporations have also established permanent collections of art. The largest of these is the Khan Bank of Mongolia, which is committed to supporting Mongolian fine arts through the Khan Bank Collection of Art and the Khan Bank Art gallery, a non-profit space that hosts exhibitions by local artists. Khan Bank’s CEO Peter Morrow also holds a sizeable personal collection of contemporary art. He is one of the many expat foreigners based in Mongolia with an avid interest in the Mongolian art scene.

Despite the increasing number of private

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ART

Tsulbaataryn Odgerel, Two boys (2008), Photo courtesy of XanaduART gallery

Tsulbaataryn Odgerel, Two boys (2008), Photo courtesy of XanaduART gallery

collectors, Ulaanbaatar, the epicenter of the Mongolian art world, still lacks a contemporary art museum. While the National Museum of Modern Art makes annual contemporary art acquisitions, its poor funding inhibits it from acquiring the best new works by top artists. Since private collectors are only interested in buying paintings and sculptures, there is virtually no local market for works in other media, such as installations and video art. However, art organizations have recently begun lobbying the government for increased funding and policy reform, and artists hope that things will change for the better in the future.

After years of development, Mongolian contemporary art may finally reach a global audience as artists earn growing recognition abroad. As the summer fades away, thousands of tourists will have visited Mongolia, seeking inspiration in its vast steppes. Along with them, Mongolian artists will be reimagining their history and tradition, seeking a new narrative behind their easels. May the summer be long!

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LOVE

The movie begins with a boy meeting a girl. The audience expects the good-looking couple to get hot and heavy, and patiently sits through the entire 90 minutes, only to be rewarded with an innocent kiss at the end, before the director cuts to a wedding scene, or worse yet, the credits. This is the basic premise of romantic comedies, or at least one way to look at them. Just like I presume the life of an average American couple to be something along the lines of ‘Zack and Miri Make a Porno’, people around the world imagine American life to be a rosy variation of a ‘rom com’.

On the other hand, in good ole Mongolian rom coms, the unsung beauty of the Mongolian countryside takes precedence above all else. If our talented directors made more films like these, perhaps our vast steppes could actually surpass the rusty old tower in Paris as a go-to destination for hopeless romantics. So, without further ado, here are seven classic Mongolian romantic comedies.

Oh, and I took the liberty of giving the films' soundtracks my own titles since the producers never bothered naming them.

1. “A Big Family” (ªíºð á¿ë) [1980] The Plot Garmaa, a single, 29 year-old workaholic, has trouble finding his love interest, the beautiful Tsermaa with a Cindy Crawford style mole just above her lip. Although they hit it off at first, Tsermaa thinks Garmaa is married after seeing an ambiguous photograph of him holding new-born twins in the newspaper, and begins avoiding him.

A girl gets off the bus only to find that her shoe heel has broken off. A guy from the bus, Garmaa, kindly takes a taxi with her to his factory and fixes it for her – all the while muttering a few words about how crowded the bus was. A fitting example of how ‘Mongols talk wrong, dig right’, meaning a guy can easily impress a girl with some random small talk. Later on, they sit together on a bench; stand under the rain and run naked together, defining what’s accepted in a classic Mongolian romance. Garmaa’s chief provides some comic relief as he becomes obsessed with finding the woman of his dreams for his best employee.

Famous Quotes: CHIEF (murmuring in his dream): Tsermaa, the mole above your lips becomes you so. *** CHIEF’S WIFE: Why are you so jumpy?

CHIEF: Dear, I’m looking at the development of our motherland.

Romantic Soundtrack: “Lip Syncing is OK” Actually, we are going to pretend there was no soundtrack, because Garmaa badly lip-syncs to this opera-ish song.

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IN

THE

2. “Stupa-like Blue Mountains” (Ñóâàðãàí öýíõýð óóëñ) [1978]

3. “These Women!” (Ýíý õ¿¿õí¿¿ä ¿¿!)

[1963]

The Plot Solongo, a journalist from Ulaanbaatar, is sent to a border patrol unit to write a feature story about military life, and the soldiers are eager to be(frien)d her – all at the same time.

The Plot Jamts, who is tired of losing female workers as they become pregnant and ask for maternity leave, will not hire a female specialist. Dulamsuren, fiancee of Jamts’s son Tumur, disguises herself as a man in order to impress her future father-in-law with her work ethic.

People shouldn’t confuse the theme of the movie with polygamy, rather, it is collectivism. Basically, this movie was meant to glorify the many sacrifices made by our brave border patrols, but what the director inadvertently introduced was the concept of pick-up lines. Trying to outshine one another, the soldiers do their best to come up with the wittiest line. Set in a Mongolian border province, “Stupalike Blue Mountains” once again proves that the Mongolian idea of romance is going to the countryside.

Famous Quotes: SOLDIER (while dancing with Solongo): I wrote a poem. Would you like to hear it?

SOLONGO: Actually, no.

How about if we jus – SOLDIER: “While burning through my youth with passion and courage, although I couldn’t say it to my lover, I said ‘I love you!’ to my mother country!”

Romantic Soundtrack: “How Dare You! I’m an Innocent Swan” On the first white night of a mellow autumn, Awaken by the departing swans…

A slight variation of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, “These Women!” gets most of its laughs from a light-hearted exploration of crossdressing – with Dorj, the deputy chief, walking in on Dulamsuren as she changes. Meanwhile, Jamts is so impressed by his new employee that he tries to marry “him” off.

Famous Quotes: Bold: Chief! Chief! Have you ever seen two dudes making out? Like on their lips?

Romantic Soundtrack: “Wasn’t Allowed To Write A Song About Cross-Dressing, But Here’s One About My Mom” In the Sharga Gobi that dazzles like a mirage in front of my eyes, My mother lives, brewing her love…

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STEPPES 7 4. “Haven’t Managed to Get Married” (Ãýðëýæ àìæààã¿é ÿâíà) [1981] The Plot Suren, a young girl, falls in love with an older man, but it takes them an hour and half to unite.

The title of the movie completely gives away its plot: it’s the improbable love story of a die-hard bachelor. Not surprisingly, the movie itself was not as popular as its soundtrack.

Yes, everyone remembers THAT song, the one that attributes a woman’s beauty to the beauty of her birthplace, the Mongolian steppe. Coupled with beer (or better yet, airag), it’s yet another way of luring more couples to the countryside.

Famous Quotes: Girl1: Do you think he’s married?

Girl2: He’s gotta be. I mean he’s so old, I think he’s like 30.

Girl1: I think he’s single.

Girl2: How do you know?

Girl1: I just know – instinct.

Romantic Soundtrack: “Nature is Like a Beer Sometimes” The nature of your place of birth Has made you more beautiful…

5. “The City Boy” (Íèéñëýë õ¿¿) [1960] The Plot A city guy is sent to the Gobi to help camel herders and falls in love with a herder girl.

This movie established the archetypal Mongolian romance to be “a city guy meets a countryside girl”. The jokes are mainly about how ridiculous and incompetent are those city slickers at living the traditional nomad life.

An estranged modern day Mongol like me sure could learn a lot, from how to make a camel kneel to how to impress a naive country girl.

Famous Quotes: Some lady (laughing in a uniquely high shriek): Is this supposed to be one of your “13 manly techniques”?

Romantic Soundtrack: “Gobi Girls Are Clumsy, But Strong” She’s nicknamed the clumsy one But she’s got the strength to pull me [and lift me with one hand]…

FILM

Classic Mongolian Romantic Comedies 7. “An Unforgottable Autumn” (Ìàðòàãäàøã¿é íàìàð) [1975]

6. “Wish I Had a Horse” (Ìîðüòîé ÷ áîëîîñîé) [1959] The Plot Boroldoi, a determined herder, loses his only horse by foolishly racing a truckdriving city girl.

This is a bona-fide romantic comedy about the struggle for power between the sexes (as seen in the case of Boroldoi and Yanjmaa, but also Boroldoi’s parents).

Boroldoi’s mother plays a pivotal role, because, hey, we are collectivists; we’ve got a couple, a mother and a horse, whereas a typical Hollywood rom com would only have a guy and a girl (plus or minus a couple of shallow characters). Plus, the fact that the girls dig horses is a total turn-on.

Famous Quotes: Guy: Want to race?

Girl: Okay, let’s race.

Romantic Soundtrack: “Boroldoi’s Creepy Competitor’s Song” Yanjmaa, you swooped my love, I’ll make you my wife, oh my dear Yanjmaa...

The Plot Over a field trip at crop harvest, Sarnai, an insecure student, realizes she’s in love with her classmate. The boy, however, insists they are just friends and starts hitting on a new girl, leaving Sarnai crushed. Little did she know, love was right under her nose.

Aside from tormented Sarnai’s flashback memories of happier times, what this movie achieved in depicting was the vivacious youth life of the 1970s.

As someone born in the 1980s, I envied the parties my parents must have had. The most memorable scene is the one where Sarnai and the boy play hide and seek in the forest. Also, the images of girls bathing in two-pieces must have been revolutionary at the time.

Famous Quotes: Bayarsaikhan: I thought this was just a friendship.

Sarnai (staring blankly at the ground): Yes, friendship. That’s what it was.

Romantic Soundtrack: “The Hunting Season” In my naive personality, I was scurrying like a mountain gazelle…

-MongolAngle http://mongolangle.blogspot.com/ NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

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BEE FM

“ Nine Seventy Six » magazine on-air every Sunday from 6pm - 8pm. www.facebook.com/zugiradio

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bzzz107.blogspot.com NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

twitter.com/zugiradio

bzzz107@yahoo.com

BEE FM 107.00 DJ profile

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MUSIC

James Tallant

NAME____________ AGE _____________________24 OCCUPATION_____________Biologist NAME OF THE PROGRAM___The Jesse James Show your summer 2010 Anthem?

What did you have for dinner last night?

The Drums – Let’s Go Surfing

Korean food!

What is your favorite movie?

Do you have any recurring nightmares?

The Usual Suspects

A fairground ride that falls apart while I am on it. Terrifying.

What was your last purchase?

What do you do when you are alone?

A bottle of beer. Before that it was lunch. Before that it was a ticket to enter Choijin Lama Temple Museum.

What are you reading now?

Bicycle Diaries by David Byrne. Oh, and Moby Dick.

What song do you sing in karaoke?

My Sharona by The Knack. Or sometimes a terrible version of ‘Eye of the Tiger’.

your summer 2010 anthem?

It’s All Over - The Slew What is your favorite movie?

Grigori Aleksandrov’s Circus What was your last purchase?

500 MNT credit via *500# What are you reading now?

A trashy Russian novel by Chinggis Abdulaev about a plane crash in the Caucuses and have been making my way through ‘The Mystery of Capital’ (Hernando De Soto) since 2008!!

What song do you sing in karaoke?

I alternate between terrible renditions of ‘Killing in the name’ and ‘Informer’. I also butcher Alla Pugacheva’s

Play guitar, listen to music, learn Mongolian, read - that kind of thing.

What is the best thing about living in UB?

My awesome friends, and all the opportunities to do fun things like ride horses, and hang out in the countryside. I love how I can walk down the street, and bump into people I know all the time.

What is the worst thing about living in UB?

The air pollution in the winter.

Watermelon and ice cream, love the summer fruits!

in every direction; I love Zaisan and Chinggis on Bogd Khaan uul. I love the outdoor beer gardens and picnics in the summer and the enormous icicles in the winter. Most of all I love the people.

Do you have any recurring nightmares?

What is the worst thing about living in UB?

‘Million Alyh Roz’ and should not ever be allowed to attempt Javkhlan’s ‘Ejiin Chansan Sai’.

What did you have for dinner last night?

Yes, I have a recurring dream, that I battle enormous clay pigs in a forest with an army of goats and wizards. I always wake up still feeling the heavy, warm clay between my fingers.

That it is so far from my family and the sea!

NAME___

Emma Browne

Age__________ 24 Occupation___Undecided Name of the program___ Flight 107 on the Hive English Language Radio (every Wednesday!!)

What do you do when you are alone?

I chew paper.

What is the best thing about living in UB?

There is a lot to love about UB. I love that the city is surrounded by mountains NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

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-Mongol Ninja

As Chris Rock once said, “I’m thirty-nine, right? And I still luv rap muzik! I LOVE it! Whatever music they were playing when you started getting laid, you gonna love that for the rest of your life”. Well, I’m 26, and I love rap music. By now you pretty much guessed what I was listening to when I started getting laid. Obviously, I don’t rock Wu-Wears, Sean Johns and Rockawears anymore, but I still download every new album and mixtapes by my favorite artists, and even secretly spit some lines to my favorite tracks while I’m driving (ALONE) or in the shower.

But to be honest, I was never a big fan of Mongolian rap. I can’t really think of a Mongolian track that truly blew my mind, or of which I can proudly say, “This ninja did some crazy verse with crazy punch lines” or “This ninja spit some deep shit”. I guess I’ve always been a pragmatic: “Why bother eating mutton when you can get fillet mignon or Kobe steak?” Most Mongolian rappers, or to be more precise, rap groups (for some reason, Mongolian rappers tend to congregate in groups, solo careers are quite rare), tend to embarrass me with their cheesy songs and melodramatic flourishes.

In fact, they seem to have invented a whole new genre, RAP MELODRAMA, that goes on and on about failed relationships, betrayals, and how much the supposedly gangsta emcees love their mommas and baby mommas.

Despite my misgivings (or my failings to appreciate my own culture because I’ve been brainwashed by the imperial stooges behind Big Music), Mongolian rap music seems to be acquiring a whole new genre of fans.

Several months ago, I stumbled upon a Facebook page for something called “Mongolian Bling”. Just to be nice, I

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pressed the LIKE button and learned that some Aussie dudes are making a documentary about Mongolian rap, or what they call Mongolian Bling. According to the film’s website, “Mongolian Bling: Adventures in Nomadic Hip Hop" [is] a documentary that follows hip hop's journey into the ancient Mongolian culture and reveals a world of youth searching for identity through beats and rhymes”. At first I instinctively thought, “Ninja, please”.

However, after repeated viewings of “Mongolian Bling” videos on Youtube, I came to appreciate Benj’s perspective and his interest in Mongolian culture.

An ex-employee of the Trans-Siberian, who first heard Mongolian hip hop on the train, Benj Binks has reportedly spent three years working on the project. The film was screened here in UB a couple of months ago during the Second Annual Conference of the American Center for Mongolian Studies (ACMS). The producers plan to premiere the documentary both in Australia and Mongolia sometime in the near future.

“Mongolian Bling” highlights the careers of three Mongolian rappers: Qui-

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za, Gee and Gennie. The first two are total opposites of each other. Quiza is what you call a commercial artist who is a permanent fixture on television with multiple endorsement deals, while Gee is an underground emcee with street cred (although he did star in a feature film AND a couple of TV commercial).

Gennie, one of the few female rappers Mongolia has to offer, is a relatively unknown artist with a couple of banging tracks to her name.

The documentary ties the evolution of Mongolian hip hop to Mongolia’s cultural heritage and history. Given the wild success of documentaries, such as “The Weeping Camel” and “The Cave of the Yellow Dog”, this is to be expected: exoticism sells as much as sex sells. An interview with a genuine shaman, who is not only aware of hip hop but can highlight the similarities between hip hop music and old shamanistic rituals, is as exotic as it gets. Mongolian ethnic music has been generating quite a lot of buzz lately with bands such as “Altan urag” being featured in several international films, and it makes sense to capitalize on this trend. The trailer for “Mongolian Bling” features a hip hop beat over a traditional Morin khuur (horse fiddle) and Khoomii (throat singing) melody, and it is a truly unique sound, indeed.

“Mongolian Bling” aroused my nostalgia, and I dug out some old tracks, mostly from the 1990s, that characterize the birth of Mongolian rap music.

Here is to the old school.

Platinum center, Seoul street 70112422, 99092422 zairmag@gmail.com facebook.com/caffetiamo twitter.com/caffetiamo *2nd branch at Sky Shopping Center

NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

Italy Gelato & Coffee

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MUSIC

TOP 9 OLD SCHOOL RAP SONGS (in rough chronological order)

Khar Tas – “Burkheg Tenger” (Gloomy Skies) In the mid-90s, Khar Tas was a revelation. As Mongolia’s first hip hop band, Khar Tas led the way with tracks like “Burkheg Tenger” and “Gazar Tenger”, rhyming about the realities of urban life amidst the ruins of communism. Recently reunited, they recorded a wack cover of Pitbull’s “I know you want me”.

Lumino – “Uvul” (Winter)

This is one of Lumino’s earliest tracks, recorded before the addition of Baajii, the “king of rap melodrama”. Here, they sampled the classic “Space Jam” OST “Hit ‘em High”. Lumino lost much of its street cred soon after, but it went on to become Mongolia’s first commercially successful hip hop (or should I say rap melodrama) band.

Dain ba Enkh – “Zogsoltgui” (Don’t Stop) Dain ba Enkh (War & Peace), an underground legend, turned to the writings of the exiled poet Choinom to rap about life as they knew it. In an era, when homegrown emcees simply sampled somebody else’s chart topping hits, they produced their own beats, which is quite admirable. Dain ba Enkh’s lyrics influenced an entire generation of emcees, and “Zogsoltgui” may be their finest track. Also, DBE’s collabo with a certain Jason Gullava (Gulliver?), an American who somehow ended up hanging with a bunch of Mongolian rappers, is worth a listen or two. DBE has recently reunited as ENKH, and they are currently working on a new album.

Erkh Chuluu – “Ataman” (Gangsta)

An extremely hardcore song about UB’s gang days that sounds like Onyx on ecstasy pills; this was way back in the day when every city block had its own “ataman” or head bussa.

2 Khuu – “Uildel” (Action) Gavana of 2 Khuu had the sickest flow, and “Uildel” is a personal favorite (yeah, yeah… I’m impartial to Nate Dogg style vocals). Although they’ve been gone a long time, there are rumors that DBE’s MCiT is producing Gavana’s new album.

Ice top – “Shar khad” (Insane Asylum)

Ice top has tried everything from gangsta rap to rap melodrama, scoring radio hits with songs like “Ene minii khair” (This is my love). A couple of years ago, they grew a conscience and turned to criticizing the government.

For me, “Shar khad” remains their most creative effort to date.

Baildan daguulagch – “Zevsegten 2” (Warrior 2) In the early days of Mongolian hip hop, emcees knew no beef; they often collaborated on different projects and formed super groups, or rap groups consisting of other rap groups. Baildan Daguulagch is one such super group, featuring members of Dain ba Enkh, Erkh Chuluu, 2 khuu, Lumino & MonTa-Rap.

Garah gartsgui – “Garah gartsgui” (No Way Out) Garah gartsgui is another short-lived super group, a collaboration between 2 Khuu and Ice Top, and the song “Garah gartsgui” is their ode to hip hop. The title seems to have been inspired by Puff Daddy’s debut album by the same name (back in the day when he was still calling himself Puff Daddy).

BB Chain – “Zuud” (A Dream) In 2000, BB Chain performed to a sold out audience at the State Circus. They had some of the wittiest rhymes back then, and “Zuud” is no exception.

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Àâäàð [ avdar ] ~ noun

1. A wooden storage chest or a dresser, traditionally found in a ger.

2. Nine Seventy Six magazine’s Lifestyle section.

GUIDE

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UB is supposedly the world’s coldest capital, but it may also be the hottest given its scorching hot summers and lack of air conditioning. To make things worse, summer is hot water outage season. If you take regular showers, you may have noticed that UB’s district heating network cuts hot water in every district for two whole weeks. They say that the downtime is needed for network repairs and maintenance operations (we think that the engineers only do this to torture us because they are underpaid and grumpy).

How to keep your sanity when it is boiling hot outside, but your faucet only delivers freezing cold water? “Nine Seventy Six” magazine comes to the rescue.

TIPS FOR

SURVIVING WITHOUT HOT WATER Face it.

A cold shower never killed anybody. In fact, Finns swear to the medicinal qualities of ice cold water. They would know: ice diving is an age-old Finnish ritual. Apparently, a cold shower can improve circulation, strengthen immunity and relieve depression. Some people even go as far as to claim that cold water works wonders for male fertility. Even if these claims aren’t true, cleanliness is reason enough. However, a cold shower is not for the faint of heart. It is best to start at your feet, and gradually move the shower head up to let your body get used to the cold. If you suffer from heart disease, read on because the cold may shock your system.

Simmer it.

Heat it.

If you can’t face a cold shower, go medieval. Heat some water and take a sponge bath. It helps if you have a large electric kettle at your side. Lather up a loofah, wipe yourself clean and rinse with a pitcher of lukewarm water. If it was good enough for Marie Antoinette, it should be good enough for you.

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A friend of mine has a theory: he proposes drawing a cold bath in the evening, and letting it sit through the night. He stipulates that the cold water might just reach room temperature by the time you get up the next morning. It might help if your bathroom is overheated. A disclaimer: we haven’t tried this out yet, but if you do, please let us know whether it works.

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GUIDE

Steam it.

If you think you know what SMS stands for, think again because texting has nothing to do with it. SMS (sauna, massage and sex) refers to the services offered by dingy establishments hidden in the basements of run-down apartment buildings.

But your trip to the sauna doesn’t have to involve dirty acronyms. Almost every hotel in UB boasts a sauna, thus your choices are endless, even if you are not looking for an adventure. Moreover, UB has a plethora of Korean style bathhouses. These sprawling complexes offer several different types of saunas as well as body scrubbing services to get you squeaky clean. Perhaps SMS should stand for “sauna, massage and a scrub”.

Charge it.

For those of us, who are too modest to walk around naked in a public sauna, simply renting a hotel room would accomplish the mission.

Be sure to call the hotel before checking in to see if they have hot water because not all hotels have a boiler.

Although this may be the most expensive route, there are many hotels that offer hourly rates (we are not too sure why, see SMS above).

Friend it.

The district heating network goes out of its way to bring people together.

Call everybody you know and ask if they have hot water. Make a list of friends and relatives, who are privileged enough to take hot showers in the morning, and schedule your visits accordingly. It helps if you butter your friends up by bringing a couple of beers or a bottle of wine, depending on the inclinations of the host.

Rough it.

Showers are overrated, anyway. A little body odor goes a long way if you are trying to scare off unwelcome suitors. It also prevents people from clinging to you in lines, elevators or buses. However, if you haven’t showered in a couple of days, we beg you not to wear perfume – the combination of sweat and Dior can be nauseating (believe us, we would know).

Invest it.

It is unbelievable, but a nice, hot shower is only a gadget away: a modest investment of MNT 200,000 will free you from the whims of (hot) water fairies. Tankless water heaters are all the rage in ger districts, and granted, this is the easiest solution. But life in Mongolia is an adventure, so why ruin it? Knowing that a hot shower is a luxury sure helps put things in perspective.

Forget it.

Go to a tropical island somewhere and forget showerless UB for a while.

After all, you deserve a vacation.

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“Nine Seventy Six” magazine scavenged UB’s antique souvenir stores and the NT emporium (our code name for the Narantuul market) for some great finds.

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CHEAP&CHIC

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An old grammaphone, 200 000¥ Mongolian lock and key, 30 000¥ - 50 000¥ Vintage cabinet, 350 000¥ Military belt with Soyombo design, 25 000¥ A set of wooden dice, 20 000¥ Vintage spectacles, 60 000¥- 150 000¥ Vintage coffee table, 450 000¥ An old abacus, 30 000¥

Table lamp from the Choibalsan era, still in working condition, 120 000¥ Leather trunk, 120 000¥ Men’s tweezers, 30 000¥ - 80 000¥

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NINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

“ÝÐÒÍÈÉ ÓÐËÀË“ Antique shop

Vintage chest, 60 000¥ - 300 000¥

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GREAT HOMES

PHOTO: Jadambaagiin Enkhjargalan TEXT: Khurelbaataryn Uyanga

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GREAT HOMES

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GREAT HOMES

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Some say that Mongolians welcome bright colors in their homes because our landscape, however beautiful, is quite monochrome. Stepping inside a ger on a rainy afternoon will instantly brighten your day and even lengthen your life as its hand-painted ornaments symbolize long life and prosperity.

“Nine Seventy Six” magazine visited an expat who brought the vibrant colors of the ger home.

1. Traditional ger furniture is complemented by a little piece of the ger itself – the ger wall is now a wall-hanging.

2. A toono becomes a stylish dining table. Although it may not be very PC to invert the toono, one of the most sacred elements of the ger (the apartment owner related stories of people who scolded her for breaking tradition), we believe that design is innovation.

3. A custom-made loft bed with a felt olbog. Books will definitely be happy in the colorful bookcase by the bed.

4. As in a ger, the doors in this apartment are hand-painted a vibrant orange color with intricate ornamental work.

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REVIEW

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-Munkhjargalyn Bilguun

CAFFEINE IN THE CITY OF THE RED HERO I love coffee. I could drink coffee all day, and still not have enough. It wasn’t always so. My introduction to coffee was when I was a child, with my parents brewing or rather boiling coffee in a pot in our small kitchen. It was impossible to get any coffee back then, except for instant coffee. Occasionally an uncle or a friend of the family would bring some coffee beans from an overseas trip. My parents would start up the noisy bean grinder, and off they went into a caffeineinduced bliss. The house would fill up with the fragrant smell of real coffee. While I loved the smell, I didn’t really care for the taste. > It was later in high school in England that I got into coffee. It was milky, typical of the English, sweet and weak, but I didn’t know any better. My real appreciation for coffee came two years later in a small cafe, mysteriously named, “In my memory”, in UB. They served cheap and horribly weak black coffee in small cups, which was still better than their standard fare of 3-in-1’s.

But it didn’t matter. My two best friends and I spent hours in that dingy little student cafe, drinking 150 MNT-percup coffee one after another, talking for hours, processing the world in our heads through our conversation and dreaming of conquering the world. This was cafe culture 101, albeit without any decent coffee to show for it. > Our first foray into proper coffee in UB was Sissi cafe (I kid you not), named after Elizabeth of Bavaria, whose childhood nickname was, for obvious reasons, Sissi (again, I kid you not). Here you could enjoy properly made cups of Americano at ten times the going rate of “In my memory” coffee. The good folks at the Sissi cafe even made lattes and cappuccinos. 3-in-1’s and instant coffee mixes were the order of the day in those caffeine deficient days, and Sissi was the exception. > Fast-forward several years of coffee education in Australia, and skip a few years of franchise coffee shops and local kopi-o-kosongs in Singapore – I’m back in UB and times, they have

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changed. My first realization of this was when I got a double latte to-go from Nayra’s, a nice little cafe near the Red Ger / Zanabazar gallery. The coffee is decent, so is the food and they have wireless for those who must check their emails on the go. The downside: you can’t smoke there. For environmentpolluting chimneys of my ilk, 6 years of being treated like a retarded social outcast in the smoke-free ultra-sterile Singapore were enough. > So for caffeine and nicotine cocktail-freaks like myself, there are plenty of other cafes around nowadays.

Best Presso’s Seoul street branch closed down, unfortunately, leaving only the Mercury market branch, which is inconvenient unless I’m on the hunt for the mythical dried chick-peas. Across the road from Nayra’s, with a big white Buddhist stupa in its frontyard, is of course the Stupa café. Nice and friendly environment, but the coffee wasn’t all to my liking last I was there a year ago. > Saraana at Grand Plaza serves breakfast, though the portions may be somewhat small for those who like big breakfasts. Friendly staff, strong coffee and a tobaccofriendly environment, my kinda place. Another godsend for a quick pick-me-up opened near our

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office: Bugis café at Central Tower, which does provide free wi-fi, a bonus. > Come to think of it, the area surrounding the Sukhbaatar Square is full of various cafes. Swiss Coffee (interesting exterior, but haven’t had the opportunity to enjoy their java), Millie’s (great BLT sandwich and coffee), Dolce Vita (good pasta, expensive chocolate, strong Illy’s coffee) and even the coffee corner at Grandkhaan Irish Pub. Further down, you have Ti Amo (which also has a branch at the Sky department store – coffee and ice cream, what more could one want), right next to La Viva coffee.

So caffeine-freaks like yours truly, today, have the luxury of choice limited only by the distance we’re willing to travel in UB weather that knows no subtleties and takes no prisoners.

Other cafes worth checking out: Coffee bean near the Urgoo cinema in the 3rd & 4th, Adesso at Gandirs Tower, next to the State Department store.

Mongolia is not particularly known for its fashion aesthetic, yet Mongolia-inspired design elements continue to turn up in the most unexpected places. As fascination with Mongolia heats up, Mongolia may become the hottest new destination for fashion finds. “Nine Seventy Six� magazine caught up with two Mongolian designers vying to place Mongolia on the map.

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Photographed by Etienne Tordoir

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/ Courtesy of Hy ères International Festival of Fashion and Photography/

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Munkhuugiin TSOLMANDAKH

Munkhuugiin Tsolmandakh, 33, became the recipient of the Public Prize (Prix du Public) of the Hyères International Festival of Fashion and Photography with her “Black Magic” collection. A Mongolian designer who lives and works in Paris, Tsolmandakh studies at the prestigious Atelier Chardon Savard. As such, her collection is an amalgam of traditional Mongolian influences and contemporary elements. In particular, the designer cites car air filters as a major inspiration for the current collection. Her highly theatrical creations are endowed with a certain mystical force reminiscent of the power

N O M A D I C FURNITURE Juist Just (juistjust.com), a Dutch online store, has an extensive selection of Mongolian furniture on sale. They have updated the traditional color scheme to diversify their selection, and orange is supplemented by pink, white and turquoise. A simple hand-crafted chair retails for 15 euros plus shipping.

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SHELTER The ger may be the most recognizable symbol of Mongolian design. There are many websites that sell

Mongolian gers with prices ranging from USD 2,000 to USD 20,000. Several years ago, Ecoshack (ecoshack. wordpress.com), a green design studio from California, gained quite a lot of publicity with its modernized take on the ger: the Nomad.

A minimalist version

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PHOTOGRAPHER: Nicolas Guerin

commanded by early Mongolian queens. Tsolmandakh’s combination of striking originality and intricate craftsmanship has critics calling her the one to watch.

The Hyères Festival, an influential platform for emerging young designers, is known for discovering some of

MAKE-UP: Vichika Yorn

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HAIR: Michael desir

the most innovative names in the fashion industry. Past recipients of the Hyères prize include Dutch avant-garde design duo Victor & Rolf and Swedish knitwear designer Sandra Backlund. Belgian designer Dries Van Noten presided over this year's jury.

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of the ger, the Nomad is said to come in an easy to assemble modular kit. As sustainable living becomes a pressing issue for more people around the world, the popularity of the ger can only rise. Now if they would just stop calling it the yurt…

N I SPIRATIONS CUISINE Marmot barbecue may be the order of the day for us, but it may become the rite of passage for the more adventurous gourmands out there.

Swallow, an award-winning food and travel magazine, recently featured a photographic flow-chart detailing the dismemberment and cooking of a marmot à la Mongolie. A choice quote from the magaNINE SEVENTY SIX MAGAZINE

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zine’s Trans-Siberian issue: “After the beast has stopped with all the twitching and bowel emptying business, remove the head. Next, pull the little guy's vital organs out through the neck and set them aside. Once this is accomplished, take that rock and methodically crush all its ribs with a series of hard downward blows.” What self-respecting foodie would not want to try this?

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www.tschama.com

Borchuugiin TSCHAGSALMAA

Borchuugiin Tschagsalmaa, 30, is a Fashion Masters student at the ArtEZ Institute of the Arts in Arnhem, Netherlands. “Nine Seventy Six” magazine takes a sneak peak at her new collection.

What inspires you?

One can find inspiration in everything, as Paul Smith used to say. Even the garbage man can be the source of a great collection.

What is your style?

I seek to combine oppositional elements, such as contemporary Western influences and Mongolian traditional culture, to create a new perspective.

What other designers do you admire?

I love Hussein Chalayan and Beyond for their conceptual

and artistic styles. Also, Martin Margiela.

How would you describe your everyday style?

I do not care for a particular style. I mix everything, and try to keep it simple and comfortable. But, at the same time, I aim for a timeless, sophisticated touch.

What would you save out of your closet in case of a fire?

I would try to save everything I can, but my most precious piece would probably be my Grandma’s old deel.

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MODEL: Uisenma Borchuu MAKE UP: Gunsma PHOTOGRAPHER: Sven Zellner LOCATION: Frankfurt Main, Germany

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Puntsagiin Ninjin Born in 1977 in Cuba, Ninjin is a self-taught amateur photographer (http://www.f lickr.com/ nomadwoman) and blogger (http://mongolianmusic.blogspot. com). A Mongolian expat who spent most of her life living in Latin America, she currently resides in Guatemala City, Guatemala.

Ulaanbaatar: a city of contrasts, strong emotions and painfully slow traffic. Here, we are definitely far from the splendid steppe adorned by stocks of white sheep, where rainbows suddenly appear to make your jaw drop (oohs and aahs included), far from the peaceful valleys, where the sunsets are custom made for postcards; in fact, UB is unlike any of the idyllic images used to sell Mongolia to unsuspecting tourists.

Somehow, every time I am back in UB (which doesn’t happen very often), I always feel like a tourist. Probably because some people talk to me in English, I don’t know why. Maybe,

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I bring a certain je ne sais quoi from abroad. Or maybe it’s the fact that the city is constantly changing, and I always seem lost because the places and buildings I memorized growing up have vanished under ads or been replaced by new ones.

Upon my arrival, I decided to do as much as possible and just enjoy myself in company of family and friends. Since Naadam had just begun, I decided to check out the opening ceremony for the first time in my life. Grabbed my camera, my zoom and immersed myself in the atmosphere. As I entered the stadium area, a strong (and I insist, a very

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strong) smell of khuushuur punched me in the face and didn’t let go off me till long after. A belt of people, kids, horses, mud, colors, odors, dust, noises and cars surrounded the stadium; I swam across and reached the entrance. The ambience inside was very festive and colorful, and I was lucky enough to grab the last free space left on one of those precarious pieces of wood that serve as benches. As the ceremony approached, more and more spectators arrived, and more people squeezed in on the benches and filled the stairway, making me wonder whether I would be able to reach the exit if, God forbid, something happens. The ceremony itself

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was wonderful, kitsch at its best, and, unfortunately, a little difficult to photograph because of all the ads blocking the view and people hanging out in the middle of the field, where all the action took place. As I looked on, archers, riders, dancers, celebrities, motorcycle riders, parachute jumpers, singers and even an over the top long (Hummer!) limousine paraded in front of me, and I was loving it. My camera didn’t stop snapping.

As soon as I got out of there, a dozen of Naadam khuushuur was acquired at one of the small kiosks around the stadium to be enjoyed back

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at home. Yes, the powerful smell of khuushuur prevailed.

The next day, I went back to see the wrestlers. Just because I had a ticket, I must admit. Wrestling is not really my cup of tea, which was confirmed after less than 20 minutes of watching giant men push each other in slow-mo.

I went to the archers. I was looking for a good spot to get a clear shot of the athletes, when I suddenly found myself sitting in the area designated for the press. I am no press, but no one was watching, so I sneaked in. It was totally worth it. The clothes, the bows, the accessories, the amazing archers – a

total delight. Of course, as is custom, there were one or two drunks. In my case, I was sitting next to a gentleman, who, for some reason, was asking everyone if they spoke Russian. Nice guy, though.

After Naadam, I was eagerly awaiting the National Costume Day at the Sukhbaatar Square. This event was first organized a few years ago to promote the deel. I had previously seen pictures of this day, so I knew it was worth checking out. Seeing so many people in traditional clothes made me think: why do we wear Western clothes when our fashion is so rich? I know, I know,

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it may not be very practical. Anyway, the traditional Mongolian attire is pure elegance and creativity. I wasn’t only overwhelmed by the clothes, but by the faces of people wearing them, incredibly proud faces. Most of the elderly ladies had sewn their attire themselves or inherited them from their mothers, real treasures. I was only planning to stay for a couple of hours (it was really hot that day), but ended up hanging around for the entire duration of the event. An unforgettable experience.

People say that UB is a chaotic city. And they are 100% right. UB is a smog-spewing creature that is rapidly

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growing. An orchestra, whose conductor has gone mad. In every little nook and cranny, there is a half-finished building project. After having ridden a taxi a couple of times and having realized that I don’t want to be a character in a bad action movie, where you constantly wonder if you will make it alive in the end, I decided to walk as much as possible. Let’s be honest, being a pedestrian in UB is probably even more dangerous. No need to go to the Pamplona to run with the bulls for an adrenaline rush. You can get it right here, though with a pinch of stress added for a stronger flavor. When the drivers are not trying to run you over, they release their frustration with a cacophony of curses, honks, growls and whatnot. Add streets that are not meant for walking and sometimes

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inexistent sidewalks with a scary plant called sharilj all over the place.

Who can refuse a nice, cold beer after a day of strong emotions? Maybe even a little taste of the clubbing scene.

As I ventured out, I learned what alcohol curfew really means – most of the nightlife in UB is dead with an exception of literally two or three clubs that persevere no matter what. So, next time I will probably consider going out early, perhaps find a quiet terrace and order a nice cold one. I make it sound really boring, but maybe I was just unlucky enough to go out on the last night of the month (as I learned, it is the driest night of the month, alcohol-wise). After asking around, I was finally led into an obscure place with a tiny entrance, which turned out

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to be a night club. Quite a nice one, I must add, with AC and even alcohol.

But probably not very legal because the bouncers told us that the club was closed just five minutes before we were allowed to enter, and a police car was parked in front. After paying the ¥5 000 cover fee, I was ready to experience a real UB club. The spacious room was filled with young people and pretty girls on heels so high they would give anyone vertigo, and one or two foreigners popped out here and there. The DJ was playing trance music, which kind of made me feel old because I have no idea how to dance to it. So, I just jumped up and down when the music got louder, and it was a blast. And guess what I ordered to drink? A soda. Turns out, you can have fun without alcohol, too.

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My agenda also included a good dose of culture: museums and traditional music concerts. Of course, I saw the very touristy Tumen Ekh and the National Song and Dance Academic Ensembles’ shows. Khoomii, morin khuur, biyelgee, Tsam dance, urtiin duu, bogino duu were on the menus of both ensembles. While the music was great, I spent the entire time wondering why can’t they fix or at least paint the place that houses the Tumen Ekh Ensemble, or maybe just plant some trees or something. I better stop ranting and practice my jaw harp-playing skills, or maybe figure out how to tune my morin khuur. By the way, learning how to play the morin khuur will definitely be one of the things on my bucket list.

Regarding the shows, the National Song and Dance Academic Ensemble

includes more modern dance numbers, which I thought was a nice touch.

And the khoomiich of the Tumen Ekh Ensemble, who also plays the bishguur, was really something, jazzing it up a little.

Two of the museums I had my eye on were the lesser known Theater Museum and the Museum for the Victims of Political Repression. The Theater Museum surprised me with its fine collection of attires worn on stage by famous actors, a small collection of film cameras and musical instruments.

At the second museum, the lady at the entrance charged me a foreigner rate (or so I learned a few days later).

However, the exhibits made quite an impression on me. I walked from room to room with a knot in my throat until I

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reached the last room, a display of human skulls. I must tell you, it was quite overwhelming.

Hate it or love it, you don’t get bored in UB. And you don’t leave indifferent. So much to discover and experience. I know I did, although, I am definitely craving a healthy dose of the Mongolian steppe before I leave my country yet again…

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LAST LOOK

We may not have Conan, but we do have political jokes.

Because humor is a defense mechanism.

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reporter asks a soum governor: “What happened to all the trees in your soum?” The governor: “We cut them down and used them for firewood because they were socialist trees. Now we are proudly planting a capitalist forest”.

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train carrying several MPs is wrecked in the countryside. By the time officials arrive, locals have already buried all the bodies. A policeman asks, “Are there any survivors?” A local man answers, “A couple of them were shouting that they were alive, but when did MPs ever tell the truth? So we buried them all.”

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he spirit of economic recession eyes its work around the world. It passes over the US: “We did well here”. Above Europe: “Fine work here, too”. It finally reaches Mongolia, and is terrified by the state of the economy. The spirit exclaims: “I have not set foot in this place!

Who is responsible for doing this?”

A

O

bama and Elbegdorj are having a conversation at a cocktail party.

Obama: “In the United States, fifty percent of a family’s income takes care of all their needs”.

Elbegdorj: “What about the other fifty percent?”

Obama: “That’s none of our business”.

Elbegdorj: “In Mongolia, a family’s income barely accounts for fifty percent of their needs”.

Obama: “What about the other fifty percent?”

Elbegdorj: “That’s none of our business”.

group of tourists arrives in Mongolia. They are taken on a sightseeing tour.

Tour guide: This factory was built by our Russian brothers! This hospital was built by our American brothers!

This school was built by our Japanese brothers!

A tourist: What did you build?

Tour guide: We are building capitalism!

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man calls the President’s Office to ask: “How does one become President?”

The receptionist replies: “Are you stupid?”

The caller: “Do I have to be stupid?”