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TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION HISTORY GAMEPLAY AI ALGORITHM ENEMIES
INTRODUCTION Recreated in Unity, Mario is set to auto-play in world 1-1 with an algorithm behind its movements and actions. With Unity's Raycast, within its range, the algorithm is set to calculate distance from Mario to an obstacle or an enemy which determines its movements and actions.
HISTORY Super Mario Bros is a platform video game that is developed under Nintendo. Players are thrown into the world of Mario to save Princess Toadstool from the villain, Bowser. Throughout the game, players are given various obstacles and enemies that will stop Mario from proceeding further. Throughout the gaming history, it is still popular till to this day and many games have evolved from learning its gameplay. Mario as a character did not start out his own series at first. Mario first appeared in Nintendo’s Donkey Kong (1981) but Mario wasn’t his name at that time. Nintendo President Hiroshi Yamauchi was in need of finding something new to bring into the gaming industry. Nintendo at that time was struggling hard financially. He then approach Shigeru Miyamoto who was a graphic designer with no background to designing game and for the first time, since Miyamoto wasn’t a programmer, so story plot was thought of first before gameplay and then gameplay was built around it.
GAMEPLAY Super Mario Bros original gameplay is fairly simple and there is no tutorial as the first world is the “tutorial itself�. Players are thrown into World 1-1 where they initially start with Mario behind in the leftmost side of the screen which will cause players to go towards the right. By forcing the player to move towards the right, the different elements are shown; the mystery boxes, brick blocks, pipe and an enemy. Firstly, Mario encounters a mushroom enemy walking towards him. If Mario touches it, he loses a life. The player can avoid by jumping over but if they do jump on it (stomp), it kills the enemy. As the player comes near the area of five blocks; 2 of which mystery boxes and 3 brick blocks, one will be the mushroom which makes Mario into his bigger state form. There are four states for Mario; his default form, big form, fire form (able to shoot fire) and lastly star form (invulnerable for a few seconds). Basically from these encounters, players may get the gameplay right away and further explore along in world 1-1.
AI ALGORITHM The mechanism of Mario’s AI is that uses its direct line of sight raycast. The distance set of its raycast is about 0.15. The main aim for this AI is to finish the game and avoid obstacles from reaching its goal. As soon as raycast comes close with a game object collider, the logic is that it will execute the action depending on the tag it encounters. Different tag is given to different colliders. For example, if it comes across an enemy within range, it will jump to avoid the enemy. If it is an obstacle or a pit, it will jump.
DESIGN DECISION By applying FInite State Machine to the Mario game, it is “ A model of computation consisting of a set of states, a start state, an input alphabet, and a transition function that maps input symbols and current states to a next state. Computation begins in the start state with an input string. It changes to new states depending on the transition function. There are many variants, for instance, machines having actions (outputs) associated with transitions (Mealy machine) or states (Moore machine), multiple start states, transitions conditioned on no input symbol (a null) or more than one transition for a given symbol and state (nondeterministic finite state machine), one or more states designated as accepting states (recognizer), etc.
ENEMIES & REWARDS Goomba
Brick Blocks Big or Fire form can break brick block and each block cost 50 points.
They are a species of mushrooms introduced in to Nintendo’s Mario franchise. They are coloured brown and usually walking around aimlessly about near an obstacle. In Super Mario Bros. , they can be defeated by merely flattening them by jumping on top of them. If Mario touches them, he will died and if Mario was in his big state, he will be reduced to small state.
Coins Each Coin are 200 points each, no matter where they are collected from; from a mystery box or on a brick block.
Power Ups Mushrooms (big state), Fire flowers (for fire state) & Starman (star state) are all 1000 points each.
They are tortoise-like creatures in the Mario franchise. They are similar to Goombas which Mario can defeat them by jumping on top of them except once they are defeated, they retreat into their shells. Walking near the shell will cause it move and deflect about. If Mario comes in contact to it, he can lose a life as well.
ETHICAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE GAME Super Mario Bros is a puzzle video game that allows Mario characters able to jump between suspended platforms, over obstacles, or both to advance the game. It challenges the player(s) to negotiate unchanging lines of obstacles. When players failed to negotiate an obstacle they die and the only way for to succeed is to constantly remember each obstacle from a previous attempt. Interactive games can be used for entertainment as well as education. It gives you positive change where it is a big thing in online gaming. Games can give positive effect to main world problems such as depression and obesity and also global issues such as poverty and climate change. Studies shown that there are benefits from gaming where it can improve attention, increase your creativity and improved ability to handle difficult emotions such as fear or anger. McGonical, co-founder of health improvement game SuperBetter mentioned that "Gaming does seem to be persuasive in changing people's thoughts, attitudes, feelings and actions in a way other mediums cannot.�
APPENDIX MIND MAP OF MARIO AI ANIMATOR CONTROLLER
REFERENCES Deezer. (1997). Super Mario Bros. Complete guide. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from http://themushroomkingdom.net/smb_breakdown.shtml Helmore, E. (2014, 4 12). Ethical gaming: can video games be a force for good? Retrieved from theguardian: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/12/ethical-video-gaming-games-for-change-festival Kingdom, F. F. (2005). Super Mario Brothers enemies. Retrieved October 14, 2016, from http://www.finalfantasykingdom.net/m1bestiary.php McLaughlin, R. (2010, September 13). IGN presents: The history of super Mario Bros. Retrieved October 14, 2016, from http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/09/14/ign-presents-the-history-of-super-mario-bros?page=1 Hackett, L., & Glatz, K. The Evolution of Mario - A history of How Mario has evolved from the 80’s to modern day. Retrieved October 14, 2016, from SuperLuigiBros, http://www.superluigibros.com/evolution-of-mario duskpn. (2015, August 21). Game/level design breakdown: Super Mario Bros. Retrieved October 14, 2016, from http://paulodevblog.com/index.php/2015/08/21/gamelevel-design-breakdown-super-mario-bro s/ Lomonaco, E. (2013, January 28). Super Mario Bros game design analysis. Retrieved October 14, 2016, from h http://versus-software.com/blog/super-mario-bros-game-design-analysis/ Paul E. Black, "finite state machine", in Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [online], Vreda Pieterse and Paul E. Black, eds. 6 June 2016.
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