A DISSERTATION PROJECT ON
EARTH SHELTERED ARCHITECTURE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree Of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
Thesis Coordinator & Guide- Dr. Aniket Sharma
Submitted By-Abhinav Kumawat (15614)
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AIMThe aim of this research is to understand the potentials of earth sheltered architecture as an sustainable alternative to design construction.
OBJECTIVEThe objectives are•To study the benefits and drawbacks of earth sheltering. •To study the necessary codes and requirements of constructing earth sheltered homes. •To go green and restore natural habitat.
SCOPE-
The scope of the research is to provide advancements in earth sheltered construction and exploration of it to Indian context.
IDEOLOGY“I woke up one day to the fact that the earth’s surface was made for living plants, not industrial plants” ~ Malcolm wells
Fig.1.Loves nature
Fig.5.Loves nature
Fig.2. Kill it
Fig.6.Find ruined land
Fig.3.Build Building
Fig.7.Build Earth sheltered
Fig.4.Plant Grass
Fig.8.Restore Natural Habitat
At the end it is all about providing a best alternative design solution for habituating a piece of land.
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INTRODUCTION An earth shelter is a structure (usually a house) with earth (soil) against the walls, on the roof, or that is entirely buried
underground.
A building can be described as earth-sheltered when it has a thermally significant amount of soil or substrate in contact with its external envelope, where “thermally significant” means making a functional contribution to the thermal effectiveness of the building in question.
TYPES Bermed- earth is banked
against the exterior walls, sloping down away from the building. In-hill- earth covers the
roof in addition to the walls. Underground-the house is
set in below grade.
1 Different forms of earth sheltering
EVOLUTION-
Fig.9.Caves
Fig.10.Mandan lodge, North Dakota. c. 1908
Fig.11.Turf house in Sanautasel, Iceland.
Fig.12.Earth house estate in Dietikon made by Peter Vetsch 2004
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Fig.9.Villa Vals,Swiss Alps
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SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/43187/villa-vals-search-cma
A
A’
B
B’ Fig.11.Villa first floor level
Fig.10.Barn floor level
Fig.11.Villa Ground floor level
Fig.12.Villa mezzanine floor level
4 Fig.13.Villa Section AA’
Fig.14.Villa Section BB’
Architects SeARCH & CMA Location Vals, Switzerland Climate Cold Climate
Main Block
Barn(main entrance)
18m Underground tunnel
Fig.16.Site View
Fig.17.Light at end of the tunnel
Shouldn’t it be possible to conceal a house in an Alpine slope while still exploiting the wonderful views and allowing light to enter the building?
Fig.18.Built at 45 degree slope
Fig.16.Surrounding Barns
Fig.19.Barn(main entrance)
5 Fig.20.Image during construction.
Fig.21.Image during construction.
Fig.22.Skylight
Fig.23.Steps down to tunnel
Natural water source. Timber for heating purposes like bath(vals is famous for its bath with view of mountains
Fig.24Steps down to tunnel
Fig.25.Bedroom
Railing
Stone wall
Fig.29.Pedestrian access Fig.26.Cold mirrors used to lighten interior Windows
Storage Fig.27.Living Area
Fig.28.Outer Seating space
Fig.30.Pedestrian access
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Fig.31.Outer view
Fig.32.Interior view
Fig.33.Outer view
Fig.34.Interior view
Fig.35.Entrance view
Fig.36.Rural house
SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/635710/rural-house-rcr-arquitectes
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Brief-Home for a discovery of a balance between nature, independence and a communal living for the inhabitants. Architects in Charge Rafael Aranda, Carme Pigem, RamĂłn Vilalta. Location La Garrotxa, Spain The site lies between two fields, between two views (Romanic church and the Pyrenees), between two aspects, two levels: on the edge of an embankment.
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A
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Fig.38.Site Plan
4 4 4
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A
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Fig.37.Site Plan The longitudinal level is 1.5 metres below the field above, which drops by as much as three metres in the private spaces that can open or close to permit intimacy or meetings. The entrance is at the same level as the lower field.
The house takes up a position on the site to enhance the landscape values, like the emergence of cracks caused by water as it runs down the slope in search of transversal flows, giving rise to the longitudinal flow that unites the worlds of the kitchen and the orchard (a colonised footprint), of a living room with ponds and bedrooms with courtyards. Lift
Entrance
Fig.39.Section AA’ through the site
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Fig.42.Plan at level -8.40m
Fig.41.Placement of spaces
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Fig.40.Earth sheltering at various sections 24
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
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Fig.43.Plan at level -2.10m 20
A
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B
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B
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A
n
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Fig.44.Plan at level +0 m
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Fig.45.Section AA’ A
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A Fig.46.Section BB’
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Fig.48.Elevation above grade
Fig.49.Roof plan
Fig.50.Images at the time of construction
Fig.51.Retaining Methodology
Fig.52.Merging with the habitat
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Fig.52.Katima House,Greece
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SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/589551/ktima-house-camilo-rebelo-susana-martins
Architects Camilo Rebelo + Susana Martins Location-Antiparos, Greece Area-950.0 sqm Ktima, in Greek, means farm or parcel with fertile land. The project site is a plot with steep slopes, mostly green, with a few trees that are an exception in the context of Antiparos Island. From above, in the main access area, we see a thick white and abstract line, adapting to topography and to the interior requirements. On the other hand, looking from the sea, we discover the facade with a figurative, continuous yet apparently fragmented composition that refers us to an ancient citadel.
Fig.53.Katima House,Greece
Fig.52.Katima House,Greece
The green roof guarantees with efficiency a constant temperature in the interior, without the need of powerful cooling systems.
Fig.54.Katima House,Greece
Fig.55.Shaft
On the back of the house Patios and shafts are incorporated that are extremely important for both levels ventilation.
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Fig.56.Ground floor plan
The entrance level being the main house with bedrooms and other habitable spaces.
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Fig.57.First floor plan
The lower level incorporates the guesthouse, service and staff areas.
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The cafe beneath : An earth sheltered cafe for 100 people
Fig.58.Entrance View
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CITY- RAWATBHATA,RAJASTHAN COORDINATES-24.93°N 75.58°E CLIMATE- HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE CFA(KOPPEN AND GEIGER)
AVG.RAINFALL-850MM AVG. TEMPERATURE- 35’C (MAY)
Fig.58.Location plan
17.3’C (JAN) SOIL TYPE- SANDY LOAM
150M 135M
Fig.59.Location plan 75M
NORTH
Rawatbhata is a city, tehsil and a nager palika in Chittorgarh District of Rajasthan. It is 50km from the nearest city, Kota. The city has eight nuclear power stations, under construction nuclear fuel complex, and a heavy water plant. Rawatbhata also has one of the biggest dams in Rajasthan, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam, which is built on the Chambal River.
Fig.60.Site plan
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CONCEPT: Treasure Cove: Hiding the shelter under the sand. Evolution of form
The design is made using collection of units.
Fig.61.Unit The structure of a unit is kept Intact throughout arrangement.
Fig.62.Arrangement of units around a courtyard
Fig.63.The wind tower catches the air and flows it through the building and courtyard efficiently helps in conventional flow of air.
Fig.64.Final View
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LEVEL +1650
LEVEL -1350 LEVEL -1350 LEVEL +1650
LEVEL +150 LEVEL +00 LEVEL +00
LEVEL -1650
Electrical room
LEVEL -1650 LEVEL +1650 LEVEL -1350
LEVEL -1350
LEVEL +00
LEVEL-1650
LEVEL +00
Fig.65.Ground Floor Plan
LEVEL +00
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WAITING AREA
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SEATING AREA
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TV AREA
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SERVICE AREA
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UPPER LEVEL SEATING
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JUICE -BAR SEATING
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JUICE-BAR SEATING
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PRIVATE SEATING
Fig.66.First Floor Plan
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Fig.68.Cooking Area View Fig.70.Ground Floor Level
Fig.69.First Floor Level
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Rcc Column Gravel and Sand
Polystyrene insulation
Fig.75.Left Side Elevation
Water Proofing Plaster Fig.79.Wall Section
Sand Gravel and Sand Drain Fig.76.Rear Elevation
Rcc Beam
Clay
Polystyrene insulation Waterproofing
Gravel and Sand
Plaster Fig.80.Roof Section
Fig.77.Right Side Elevation Rcc Column
Polystyrene insulation Water Proofing
Skirting
Gravel and Sand
Flooring Pcc
Fig.78.Front Elevation
Earth
Perforated Drain Fig.81.Foundation Section
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Fig.82.Service Area
Fig.84.Private Dining Area
Fig.83.Private Seating Area
Fig.85.Service Area Dining
22 Fig.86.Mezzanine Dining Area
Fig.87.First Floor Dining Area
Fig.88.Dining Area View
Fig.89.Waiting Area View
Fig.90.Dining Area View
Fig.91.Dining Area View
23 Fig.92.Dining Area View
Fig.93.Dining Area View
Conventional building Walls area covered with earth- 0sqm Roof area covered with earth- 0sqm Ground area coverage-335 Sqm Less noise protection Aestheticaly less pleasing Warm in summer Cool in winter More walls exposed to sun More vulnerable to atmospheric radiation Less defensible
Fig.96. Less Green ( Conventional Building)
Not concealed.
Fig.94.Floor Plan
Earth sheltered building Walls area covered with earth- 248sqm Roof area covered with earth- 197sqm Area in additionally green-197sqm More noise protection Aesthetically more pleasing Cooler in summer. Warm in winter. Less walls exposed to sun. More resistant to atmospheric radiation More defensible Concealment.
Fig.95.Floor Plan
Fig.97. More Green. (Earth sheltered Building)
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References SOURCE: http://www.traditional-is-modern.net/LIBRARY/INDIA-BUILDING-CODES/IS13827.pdf SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/635710/rural-house-rcr-arquitectes SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/43187/villa-vals-search-cma SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/589551/ktima-house-camilo-rebelo-susana-martins SOURCE: https:// www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a140831.pd SOURCE: https://www.google.com/intl/en_in/earth/ SOURCE: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/rajasthan/rawatbhata-755417/ SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_shelter/ SOURCE: https://books.google.co.in/books/about/The_earth_sheltered_house.html&redir_esc=y/ SOURCE: https://books.google.co.in/books/about/The_earth_sheltered_house.html&redir_esc=y/
Thank You
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