December 2016 by nancy kehoe

Behind Bars: Prison Industrial Complex Zine

FEATURES

by Alex Yeh ’18

ine: A Reflection of Mass Incarceration in the United States, just published, is a collection of visual art, poems, stories and other documents produced by Lick-Wilmerding’s Student Life Program Assistant Marley Pierce’s Public Purpose class, Intro to the Prison Industrial Complex. “The purpose of the zine is to shed light on different aspects of the Prison Industrial Complex, its historical context, its real world impacts today, and to showcase the personal experiences and opinions of students in the class,” reads Zine’s introductory paragraph. “Pieces range from satires of the school-to-prison-pipeline, to symbolic representations of recidivism, and to poems on the psychological impacts of solitary confinement. This zine is a way to spread the knowledge we have learned and begin our advocacy to combat systems of oppression. We hope you read this zine with some norms in mind: respect multiple perspectives, take note of your personal reaction and take care of yourself if necessary, and understand that the writers’ and artists’ ideas are messy and complex.” The class investigated

the history and function of prisons in American society. The writers-artiststs-members of the class include Macy Amos, Tuvya Bergson-Michelson, Harry Bernholz, Joshua Caldwell, Kiera Collins, Sophie Hochman, Jey Kissel, Oona Fitzpatrick, Kelby Kramer, Alana Leventhal, Sebastian Medrano, Sofia Sanchez, Maiyio Taylor-Jackson, Sophia Yin, Jackie Young, and of course Marley Pierce. The beauty and power of the submissions lies in their messy honesty, their collection of facts, truths, and emotion — their insistence that you pay attention. The work explores and intertwines police brutality, race, activism, oppression, identity, rates of incarceration, disparities in incarceration. Loss. Despair. Anger. Hope. The string that ties all of these topics together is justice, loosely binding anything and everything under the umbrella of the prison system. The works are often less than a page but provoke profound thought and discussion. The variety of pieces includes drawings, comics, diagrams, poems, stories and even annotated passages assembled to represent a multitude of perspectives on the prison complex.

Out of Sight Out of Mind image by Kiera Collins

Yet each piece takes a divergent path to present a new outlook to the reader. “You might feel outraged by the injustice of the system, or despondent at its cruelty,” reads Zine’s conclusion. “You might connect with the material on an intellectual, rather than emotional, level.

However you feel, we urge you to react with your heart and move towards taking action.”

Besides the physical copies available in the Center, Zine: A Reflection of Mass Incarceration in the United States is also available in full on the Paper Tiger Online at lwhspapertiger.org.

Prison Population: YOU image by Jey Kissel

DEC 2016

Cover of the Zine image by Macy Amos and Sofia Sanchez

Historical Narrative image by Sofia Sanchez

IMPLICIT BIAS from front page African American man, for example. Even if the officer does not actively believe that African Americans or other minorities are more dangerous than whites, he may still subconsciously regard the man as threatening because of his association of blacks with danger. Equally important, if the officer is conditioned to fear African Americans, he may feel threatened by the man regardless of whether he is actually armed or dangerous. As a result of this misguided fear, the officer could then resort to unnecessary means of violent “selfdefence.” With their potentially significant consequences within one’s actions, amygdala activation and subconscious fear conditioning play notable roles in racism. It is essential to realize, however, that while amygdala stimulation may occur without one’s intent, one can decide whether they will allow it to affect their actions. Racism, though often implicit, is always preventable. In their article for Mother Jones, Viskontas and Mooney point to the words of New York University Neuroscientist Dan Amodio as evidence for this statement. During his interview on the podcast Inquiring Minds, Amodio emphasizes how “the human mind is extremely adept at control and regulation, and the fact that we have these biases should really be seen as an opportunity for us to be aware and do something about them.” If one recognizes their subconscious biases in a situation, they can make the conscious decision to amend their prejudices. Yet, even more importantly, one can actually do more than just counteracting their implicit biases

in the moment. Recent research, in fact, suggests that subconscious bias itself can be limited through taking steps to regulate negative associations. An experiment by University of Wisconsin’s Patricia Devine substantiated this claim. Her experiment began with participants taking the BlackWhite Implicit Association Test, like that conducted in Project Implicit. The participants (with the exception of a control group) were then educated about implicit racism. They were first told about subconscious bias’ effects on their actions to encourage them to realize the severity of its consequences. Participants were then educated about a list of strategies for counteracting their biases. One was individuation: this strategy theoretically decreases one’s inclination towards stereotypic assumptions by encouraging people to meet and learn about individuals in the stereotyped outgroup. Another was counterstereotype imaging: this method encourages one to acknowledge every time they see others that do not follow racial stereotypes, and to imagine abstract (created) and famous people who counteract their race’s stereotypes as well. This method looks to discourage the validity of racial stereotypes, and consequently limit one’s susceptibility towards making racial assumptions. The subjects of Devine’s experiment took the Implicit Association Test every four weeks for the next twelve, while practicing many strategies like those above. As the experimenters hoped, the participants’ Implicit

Association Test scores lowered over time, indicating that they were fundamentally getting less biased against African Americans. The participants were less biased than the control group, too (who were not educated about the counterstereotype strategies), proving that the strategies were, in fact, working. On average, their scores lowered by .2, a significant margin in the IAT which changed their average classification of “moderate” bias to merely a “slight” bias against African Americans. While having a “slight” bias is by no means just, and one should certainly strive to eliminate their bias even more, the experiment still demonstrates the effectiveness of counter-stereotype methods. Taking conscious steps towards amending our prejudice can have significant effects on our implicit biases. Because of our power to regulate our dispositions, neuroscientist Dan Amodio says, “I don’t really think humans have any good excuses for acting on their automatic biases.” We have the power, and thus the responsibility, to recognize our own subconscious prejudices and work to counteract them. Students can take an online Implicit Association Test with Project Implicit and engage with the strategies encouraged by Devine in her experiment. As Viskontas and Mooney insist in their article for Mother Jones, “we have the ability—and the responsibility—to regulate our own behavior.”

The Dangers of Cholera in Haiti by Zelda Perkins ’19

hen Hurricane Matthew swept through the Caribbean and up the U.S. East Coast from Florida to North Carolina it caused 15 billion dollars worth of damage. In Haiti, which Matthew hit first, the hurricane not only swept away structures and stripped forests, but also due to extensive flooding caused the resurgence of cholera.

What is cholera? Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. It spreads through the fecal-oral route; people are infected when feces containing the bacterium contaminate water and then are ingested. Transmission of the disease can also be through food that has been cooked with contaminated water or irrigated and washed with water containing the bacterium. The first symptoms of cholera are; diarrhea, fatigue and some vomiting. The vomiting and diarrhea cause severe dehydration and if not treated, the symptoms escalate and can be fatal. Small children have gotten seizures and

people report delusions because they haven’t received treatment. Unfortunately, many infected people don’t go to clinics because the disease’s symptoms are so unpleasant for caretakers that it causes self-shame among patients. Treating cholera can be a simple matter of rehydration, yet people ignore the first signs of the disease and then face severe consequences. In Haiti, about 10,000 people have died since 2010 due to cholera and hundreds of thousands have fallen ill. A small clinic in Rendel, Haiti, is comprised of a tiny concrete room, where a few nurses struggle to care for the overwhelming numbers of patients that arrive every hour. Rendel’s first cholera care center had been destroyed in the hurricane, a week after it was constructed. “Ninety percent of our village is gone,” said Eric Valcourt, a priest in the Roman Catholic Parish. In the makeshift clinic families risk their safety to nurse their family members back to health, especially since the patients in the clinic are kept in compact spaces. In the areas infected by cholera, residents are challenged by the lack

of clean water. In Rendel, the only source of water is a cholera infected river, yet filtration and disinfection is an unattainable luxury. Most of Haiti lacks adequate sanitation and water purification systems. There is no natural supply of clean drinking water.

How did cholera endemic to Haiti?

become

Ban Ki-Moon, the Secretary General of the U.N., admitted that the cholera epidemic in Haiti was fueled when the U.N agency Peacekeep accidentally dumped sewage into a river. A United Nations-commissioned contractor emptied the camp’s septic tanks into a tributary of the Artibonite River in 2010. Ban Ki-Moon’s administration is scrambling to compensate for the tragedy they’ve inflicted with a plan to give affected communities cash payments through a $400 million cholera response package. He also wants to make good on an unfulfilled promise to eradicate cholera from Haiti as the disease continues to claim lives. Even though the U.N. has not legally accepted these

responsibilities, they claim to assist and aid those in Haiti. While the U.N. attempts to make amends, Haiti Red Cross volunteers are working hard to staunch the epidemic. Red Cross teams will bring vaccines to sixteen different communities in Grande-Anse and the South of Haiti. The volunteers will also conduct a door-to-door outreach program as a way to promote a campaign that vaccinates over 820,000 people. “The vaccination campaign, as well as improving water quality, sanitation and hygiene, should increase our effectiveness in cholera prevention across areas hit by Hurricane Matthew,” said Dr. Colette Guiteau. “The ability of Red Cross volunteers to access remote and vulnerable communities will be critical to that effort.” A single dose of the vaccine is estimated to prevent 60% to 70% of cholera cases. Additionally, the Red Cross distributed 4,500 relief kits in recent weeks.

FEATURES

Recent neurological research provides a potential answer to that question. Various studies from neuroscientists like NYU’s Dan Amodio show that the amygdala, a part of the brain that controls emotional processing, often activates when whites look at people from a racial outgroup (i.e. African Americans or Latinos). This stimulation is important because the amygdala is associated with a type of learning called fear conditioning. According to neuroscientist Indre Viskontas and author Chris Mooney in their article for Mother Jones, fear conditioning teaches someone to be afraid of things over time, like mice being taught to fear a certain sound if they always receive an electric shock right after it. After repeated instances where something has been said or experienced to be a precursor to harm, the amygdala is conditioned to activate at the sight (or smell, sound, etc.) of that thing, and effectively reminds a person to fear its implications of danger. The activation of the amygdala when whites view African Americans thus illustrates a key issue in implicit prejudice; whites have been conditioned to associate people in racial outgroups with threat. They, seemingly, have been conditioned to regard these minorities as dangerous. Fear conditioning towards African Americans has likely been caused by a variety of reasons, like the negative portrayals of racial outgroups in the media and the unfavorable stereotypes projected on minorities. Regardless of its cause, fear conditioning can significantly influence one’s actions. Consider a white police officer who encounters an unarmed

PAPER TIGER

Dan Hoyle Performs His Hit Show The Real Americans

TIGERWAYS

by Eddie Dilworth ’19 and Sutter Morris ’18

DEC 2016

n 2008, LWHS Alumni Dan Hoyle embarked on a roadtrip across the country through the reddest of red states and the smallest of small towns, the areas of the U.S. that Sarah Palin famously called “the real America” during the election that year. Trying to understand the lives of those outside of San Francisco’s liberal bubble, Hoyle spoke to a myriad of people while recording his conversations as he went. Years of work later, Hoyle had transformed his conversations into a one-man show in which he portrays the people he interviewed in an attempt to convey their thoughts and experiences to his audience. Based in the Marsh Theatre in San Francisco, though toured nation-wide, Hoyle’s show is The Real Americans. Hoyle presented excerpts of his one-man show to Lick students in a Community Meeting on September 30, 2016. The show opened with Hoyle playing both himself and each of his four friends eating brunch in San Francisco; Hoyle jokes about the nuances of life in a liberal city. Observing his friends, including one who was always glued to his phone and another who spoke about how cliché it was to go to brunch, Hoyle displays why he wanted to break out of his liberal bubble and travel across the country. He then goes on to portray several people he interviewed during his trip, ranging from a Dominican-American veteran to a closeted gay man in a traditional Southern family. Hoyle portrays people from different geographical areas, socioeconomic statuses, and racial identities. Each character tells their own story, sharing their experiences and what factors shaped their worldview and political leanings. Hoyle added Trump supporters to an updated version of his show in response to the election, making his performance particularly relevant in developing empathy for the different reasons people had for supporting the Presidential Elect. In an interview with the Paper Tiger, Coco Sachs ‘17 expressed how Hoyle’s performance reminded her of the drastically differing views in the country. She said how “growing up in the Bay Area and going to a place like Lick, it’s really easy to forget about places in the Deep South, or even just in almost every state... where they’re still very traditional… I think it’s very easy to overlook that.” Hoyle’s portrayal of characters who had views ranging from creationism to homophobia served as a reminder of the beliefs enduring in our nation, beliefs

that were visible throughout this year’s presidential campaign. Yet it also served to humanize many people across the country that are not normally seen by Lick students. Although there were many members of the Lick community that applauded Hoyle’s ability to humanize people with different beliefs and backgrounds, there were also people who felt uncomfortable with the characters of color in the show. While Hoyle was successful in his humanization of different political views, his portrayal of people of color as a white man requires careful consideration due to its role in a

“what I do, where I travel alone, putting myself out there in vulnerable situations with curiosity and compassion for the cultures and people I’m hanging out with… to me that’s honoring the stories of others.” Unlike in the media where actors may portray characters they have never met, and may consequently base their representations in part on stereotypes, Hoyle tries to connect both with his characters and the people they are based on. He believes that he expressed their stories with authenticity and compassion, honoring the people he portrayed. As a whole, Hoyle accomplished his goal of humanizing

different political views and geographical backgrounds, and thoroughly attempts to present the stories of others with authenticity and compassion. People who attend The Real Americans should recognize the positive messages of Hoyle’s show, while maintaining an awareness of historical precedents of white actors playing people of color and their consequences. In a city often described as a “liberal bubble,” it is easy to make assumptions about people with different backgrounds or beliefs. Hoyle pushes those in the bubble to question “who would I be if I were brought up in that landscape and context?”

A Short History of White Actors Playing Characters of Other Races

Dan Hoyle performing The Real Americans photo by Ryan Fernando

greater, highly contested narrative. (See sidebar.) Hoyle acknowledged and responded to these concerns during the Q&A and in a follow-up interview. In his responses, he emphasized that his characters are not based on stereotypes but on individuals that he met and strived to understand. Many of his lines, including the slang used, are taken verbatim from the people he connected with. His accents and motions too, are taken from the observation of individuals that he formed personal connections with, not from stereotypes. Moreover, Hoyle stresses that he has dedicated thousands of hours of work towards obtaining accurate and authentic characters based on the people he interviewed. Hoyle is able to achieve this through the “close observation of people and their environments, what William Finnegan calls ‘the journalism of hanging out.’” Hoyle also acknowledged the historical controversy around “whitewashing” in the media, where white actors portray roles meant for people of color. Hoyle, however, believes that he is honoring others’ stories rather than appropriating them because of the empathy and compassion that drives his work;

The history of white people playing people of color dates back many centuries, but came to prominence in the early 1800s in the form of blackface. Thomas D. Rice, who performed under the stage name “Daddy Jim Crow,” introduced his song “Jump Jim Crow” in 1828 with his face painted black, singing and dancing while depicting an African American man in his song. Deprecating African Americans as unintelligent and aggressive towards women, his song instantly became a hit, and launched a long-standing tradition of white performers perpetuating degrading African American stereotypes. The tangible repercussions of performances like “Jump Jim Crow” were tremendous. Jim Crow, the stereotype-based African American in Rice’s song, became a demeaning symbol for blacks. Jim Crow laws, which segregated and discriminated African Americans from the mid 1800s to 1900s, actually took their name from the African American in Rice’s song. Blackface and yellowface (white actors painting their faces to appear Asian and appropriating and mocking Asian cultures) continued to encourage racial stereotypes and promote racial violence throughout the 1900s. For example, in D.W. Griffith’s “The Birth of a Nation,” a film released in 1915, blackface actors adopted Thomas Rice’s caricature of African Americans as stupid, barbaric, and inferior to whites, just as minstrel troupes had done for nearly a century. Encouraged by the negative portrayals of blacks in the movie, a mob of white people killed an African American teenager after viewing the film. The Klu Klux Klan even used “The Birth of a Nation” to start a recruitment campaign, due to its promotion of racial animosity. The encouragement of racial stereotypes and discrimination is only a part of the historical injustice of whites playing people of color. The appropriation of African American culture that profited off of these harmful, demeaning messages, while eliminating the weight of African American voices, is comparably unjust. As white minstrel troupes traveled across the country in the 19th century while performing using blackface, they profited off of these damaging portrayals of African Americans. They adopted African American characters, created and presented stereotypes for them, and then profited off of their perpetuations of these unjust, inaccurate representations of African American culture. All the while, minstrel troupes left African Americans voiceless as they abused their image and culture for the sake of entertainment. Audience members may not be aware of, or sufficiently educated about, the history of white actors playing people of color. People unaware of the oppression that has historically been caused by white actors playing people of color, and don’t know Hoyle’s creative process, may see Hoyle’s show and asasume that the practice is always fine. Although the goal of Hoyle’s show was to encourage acceptance of people from different backgrounds and discourage stereotypes, it is still essential to examine performances like Dan Hoyle’s, asking “what gives this actor the right to represent another culture, using their portrayals of others for their own performance?”

CONTINUATION TITLE from front page in her position, this program and kind of support may have helped me. I think it would’ve given me some insight into what it’s like to be an older student of color.” Mai DaSilva, a 7th grader at SFDS, has been a member of Rise since its inception. She says that the program has helped her feel more secure because she’s always safe when she’s with Pact/Rise. She takes comfort in knowing there is someone else she can relate to. DaSilva describes her experience saying, “My favorite part of the program is making new friends and doing activities with them. I like being part of this experience because we can be ourselves and are able to address issues that we feel at school or anywhere.” Kabir McNeely, a 6th grader at SFDS, says sharing meals with Pact mentors are his favorite moments. He loves them as he gets to connect with his fellow members of the program. “Sparking conversations over a meal is where I learn the most about other people and myself. I make connections I hadn’t realized were there.” He also feels that the program has affected him in the long run. “It helps me with my communication skills. Unless I know someone well, I am very shy. But, I’m not sensitive and shy around the Pact/Rise kids. They are my allies and I have a bond of trust with most of them. I can look up to them.” Rise and Pact have both come a long way since their foundings. Godinez speaks about what she hopes for the future. “We are coming to a point where a number of elementary and middle schools have reached out to me, asking to participate in the Pact/Rise program.” However, she adds that Lick just doesn’t have enough mentors to participate for the number of mentees as of right now, yet alone if the program was to expand. In the past, she has reached out to some other high schools, asking for them to participate as mentors. However, many have responded saying they don’t have the critical mass. Lick does indeed have critical mass: a high enough number of students of color in an independent school to bring attention. Godinez says that, “My hope is to see other high schools push themselves to be diverse across all core identifiers; race, class, gender, and ability, so that more schools can start to mentor.” Godinez adds that she “wants the programs to continue to become stronger and stronger so we can present this model to schools.” Similarly, Moyé hopes to

Rise and Pact kids work together on ropes course photo by Christy Godinez

Original group of Pact mentors and mentees photo by Christy Godinez

TIGERWAYS

as our school has it’s own patterns of segregation and the boys of colors at our school are not always in the loop in terms of leadership opportunities.” Pact was successful enough that they decided that a girls group made sense too, and so Rise was born and is now in its second year of existence. Although 59% of Lick students identify as people of color, Lopez talks about how race appears as an issue in the Lick community. “I often feel like Lick’s challenge is two things. One, is that we think that because we are more diverse than our peer institutions, we don’t have the same problems that the rest of the world faces. But the reality is, we do. Because we often see ourselves as more progressive on matters, such as racial divides, than other private schools, we think we don’t have trouble dealing with them. We aren’t as honest with ourselves as we need to be. I think it’s one thing to admit a diverse class, and it’s another thing to make it work in the community.” This experience and racial divide is not unique to Lick. Lopez comments that “Lick is more diverse than most independent schools. So in schools like SFDS or Live Oak, it’s often the case that the brown or black kid is one of twenty in a class. Many Lick students reported that when they were at independent middle schools they often felt isolated.” Rise and Pact aim to help support both these Lick kids and grade school students who feel the isolation from their peers. Lopez continues, “The idea was how can we provide support for kids who might feel a little isolated and are beginning to discover their racial identity but don’t really know what to do with it because they’re not around people who are going through a similar experience.” Audrey Neri ‘17 joined the Rise program in her sophomore year, when it was just beginning. Reflecting on her reasons for joining, she says “the program needed people to jump-start it and a lot of my friends who hang out in the Center were doing it.” Neri says she was interested in the program because “I didn’t go to a private middle school but I understand how coming to a place like Lick might be hard for young girls.” She’s become really close with the girl she was initially paired with and says that “it’s been cool to watch her grow up.” For Neri, the program has made her feel like she’s able to make a small difference in someone’s life. “When I was my mentee’s age and

Group of Pact and Rise students having lunch at Live Oak photo by Christy Godinez

keep momentum going in the upcoming years. Although Lick puts emphasis on being a diverse and inclusive community, racial and social divides continue to be an issue. With this in mind, programs like Pact/Rise are established to work towards the goals of helping students of color feel more comfortable, inside the classroom and in the greater world, and allow younger generations to break cycles of division. It can be difficult to find the words and place to talk about struggles with racial identity, but

through this program, both mentors and mentees can become more comfortable in their own skin.

For more information, contact: Christy Godinez cgodinez@lwhs.org Shaun Lopez stlopez@lwhs.org

PAPER TIGER

The Effects of California’s $15 Minimum Wage by Ryan Kimball ’17

POLITICS

alifornia’s minimum wage is set at $10.00 per hour. In San Francisco, workers can expect to make a minimum of $13.00 an hour. However, by 2022, the California minimum wage is set to jump to $15.00. While San Francisco and Los Angeles had already implemented minimum wage hikes, with a San Francisco $15 minimum wage expected to be established in 2018, this move is unparalleled on a statewide level. This semester, I embarked on an independent study with statistics teacher Mariel Triggs. After taking an introductory course in microeconomics, I set out to research the effects of this minimum wage spike on California. In addition to the MIT microeconomics course, I studied relevant employment and demographic details of California and analyzed a litany of studies looking at the effects of higher minimum wage and the elasticity labor demand in various industries, comparing them to the nuances of California’s economy. I also broke down the information by county, as there are stark differences between the economics of a city like San Francisco and rural communities like Kings County. I will now share some of my main takeaways. In looking at the numerous studies that have researched minimum wage increases, most studies have concluded that the net effect on employment has been minimal. While employees may layoff some workers, expand automation practices, and increase prices to cope with the higher costs, there are other factors that help the economy and improve unemployment. With more workers making more money—over a third of California workers would get a raise—they spend more, which stimulates the economy and allows for businesses to hire more workers due to increased demand for their goods. In a compilation of 1,068 observational studies—compiled by two Greek economists of studies done worldwide— roughly two thirds were found to have negative effects on unemployment with statistical significance (meaning there’s a less than ten percent chance the results were negative by chance). Roughly 30% of studies found increases in unemployment with a minimum wage that were statistically significant. The remaining studies produced results that couldn’t be determined to be positive or negative with any statistical significance.

Most studies have concluded that the net effect on employment is minimal

DEC 2016

However, the average elasticity (see Figure 1 graph) of the 734 United States studies was roughly -0.1, which means that for every 1% increase in minimum wage increase, there is about 0.1% decrease in employment. While this doesn’t sound like much, a jump from $10 to $15 an hour equates to about a 5% decrease in demand for employment, not factoring natural job growth. Many have criticized these studies for inaccuracies, citing small sample

sizes and a lack of effective control variables, among other factors, as concerns. Probably the most comprehensive study of the minimum wage looked at employment effects on counties on the border of states with differing minimum wages. This is a more accurate way to determine if changes in minimum wages will lead to unemployment, as the counties had similar employment demographics. The 2007 study, led by UC Berkeley professor and a staunch supporter of the $15 minimum wage Michael Reich, concluded, “Our local estimators are more robust and show no employment effects.” However, a 2006 review of minimum wage studies done by UC Irvine professor David Neumark and Federal Reserve Board Member raised concerns for specific groups and industries that are negatively affected with wage increases. They noted that teenagers and uneducated workers almost always suffer in response to an increased minimum wage—as more educated and experienced workers would be willing to work minimum wage jobs—with bluecollar workers and the retail industry also negatively impacted. White-collar workers actually see a boost in employment per their review, suggesting that companies shift their employment away from manual labor in response to a higher minimum wage. Small businesses—which employ half of the California private work force—are a particular concern. While companies like McDonald’s can pay their employees $15 an hour and only raise the price of goods by a few cents to cover costs, smaller companies will have to raise their prices by a more substantial margin or decrease their employment if they don’t receive an increase in business.

In a state with many rural regions, concerns linger for how local businesses will adapt Regardless, a minimum wage increase of 50% is unparalleled and has never really been thoroughly researched. Recent data from Seattle, which raised its minimum wage to $15, has shown little to no adverse effects in employment, but Washington’s state miimum wage remains at $9.47. However, in a state with many rural communities like California, concerns linger for how local businesses will adapt to the wage spike. In San Francisco, the cost of living is incredibly high. According to the Living Wage Calculator, a mathematical model created by MIT professor Amy Glasmeier, an individual living in San Francisco must make $14.80 an hour ($30,777 per year) to earn a living wage. With a single parent supporting a child, that figure jumps to an astounding $31.21 ($64,921 annually). This is a result of the high costs for taxes, housing, transportation, health care, food, and other basic needs. In Kings County, California, where the cost of housing is nearly a third of that of San Francisco and goods are roughly 20% cheaper, the living wage estimate is closer to $8.00 an hour for an individual supporting themselves. While San Francisco’s workers need to earn roughly $15 an hour to just support themselves, in a rural community like Kings County, a $15 wage goes alot further. Other statistics highlight the dras-

HOW DO ECONOMISTS DEFINE WELFARE? When most people think of welfare, they think of government giving social security checks to the poor. However, when economists refer to welfare, they are referring to the wellbeing of all the components of a market. For example, Taxi Cabs are required to have a medallion before they can begin driving, and there is a limit to the amount of medallions that are issued. Because of this, less people can become taxi drivers than they would like. Due to this restriction, the total welfare decreases, even though people that become taxi drivers would make more money. The total welfare would decrease because taxis would cost more to use and more people would be unemployed. With regards to the minimum wage, the total welfare of society is maximized when the prices of goods and services are determined by the market. With regards to the minimum wage, the total welfare of society is maximized when the hourly wages are determined by the market, without any government intervention. This is a common argument that many people have against a minimum wage in general. However, there is a balance between the welfare of the employers, employees, and the purchasers of goods. This is important, because with minimum wages that often don’t support even an individual, let alone a family, in places like San Francisco, it is clear that the welfare of the system benefits the employers and the consumers of goods, rather than the employees. Because of this, a minimum wage that supports employees and allows them to make a living in their community is a very strong argument for a minimum wage that may slightly lessen the welfare of employers and consumers.

This graph demonstrates the elasticity of labor demand based on minimum wage increases. Elasticity means the percent change in demand for a good given a percent increase in price. For example, if a company sells 10 dounts at 1 dollar, their elasticity of demand would be the percent change in the number of donuts they sell if they were to raise their prices by a certain percent. For the minimum wage, elasticity signifies, the percent change in employment after raising the minimum wage. In this graph, the higher up the points are, the less room for error the studies have. While most points are close to an elasticity of 0 (meaning no effect on employment), the average for U.S. studies are around -0.1, meaning that for every 1 percent change in a minimum wage increase, there is a 0.1% decrease in new demand for employment graph courtesy of Georges Giotis and Michael Chletsos

This graph demonstrates the changes in wages for all California economic classes of society from 1979 to 2014, adjusted for inflation. As you can see, while the top 40% of wage earners have enjoyed tremednous economic gains, the bottom 40% have seen substantial losses in wages. This is one of many arguments for the minimum wage, as it will benefit middle class and lower class employed workers. graph courtesy of UC Berkeley

tically different economics of San Francisco County and the state’s rural regions and raise valid concerns for businesses in these types of rural areas. According to a breakdown by data scientist Ben Casselman, in VisaliaPorterville, the largest city in Tulare County, adjacent to Kings County, roughly half of all workers currently earn less than $15 an hour, and 48.7%

of occupations employ half or more of their employees below $15 hourly. In San Francisco, approximately 12% of occupations employ half or more of their employees below the proposed $15 minimum wage. In San Francisco, this will mostly affect the fast food industry and CONTINUED ON PAGE

Op/Ed: Obama’s Legacy by Solenn Grainger-Monsen ’17

President Barack Obama photo courtesy of Wikipedia Commons

applicants, charging equal rates regardless of pre-existing conditions or sex. However, data points out that its effectiveness did vary based on each state’s ability to decide for or against expanding its previous Medicaid program – a Supreme Court mandate made the extension of Medicaid optional, and according to the New York Times, “states that chose to expand their programs saw much larger declines in their uninsured rates compared with those that didn’t.” The uninsured rate was almost cut in half from 15.7% uninsured down to 8.6%. Internationally, the footprints left by the Obama administration are deep and abundant. On December 17, 2014, President Obama and Cuban President Raúl Castro simultaneously announced the beginning of a process to normalize US-Cuba relations. This marked a historic shift from the 54-year stretch of hostility; all diplomatic connections between the two nations were severed in 1961 as a result of Cuba’s close relationship with the USSR during the Cold War. In alignment with its commitment to averting further global nuclear proliferation, the Obama administration facilitated an agreement with Iran in 2015, deterring the country’s development of a nuclear bomb. In April of 2010, Obama also signed the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) with Russia, halving the number of American and Russian missile launchers. Other international impacts of the last eight years include the planning of the TransPacific Partnership. This influential deal contains provisions to cut trade barriers, protect labor and environmental interests, and ensure intellectual property rights. The President himself called the partnership the “strongest, most

pro-worker, pro-environment trade agreement in our history.” The Pew Research Center marks international perception of Obama as predominantly positive—out of 40 countries polled, “a median of 65% say they have confidence in Obama to do the right thing in world affairs. A median of just

27% lack confidence in the American leader.” This figure is significantly higher than the approval ratings of his predecessor, George W. Bush. At a dangerous moment in the environmental balance of CONTINUED ON PAGE

Significant Roadblocks and Counterbalances to Obama’s Success: Gerrymandering: A common practice in which state legistlatures redraw the boundaries of voting districts to manipulate and skew election results in favor of a certain political party. After the 2010 census, Republican initiatives focused on the deliberate redrawing of Congressional district lines to safe seats for conservative candidates across the country. One of these strategies was to group racial minorities, who tend to vote Democrat, to limit representation. Deterioration of Voting Rights Protections: Over the course of recent years, voting rights protections in this country have been under attack from conservative lawmaking forces. With the 2010 Citizens United v. FEC Supreme Court case, government limitations on independent funding of political campaigns, as well as their transparency, were restricted. Also, in the Shelby County v. Holder 2013 case, the ability to inspect voting legitimacy in counties with a history of voting discrimination was struck down. Multiple state initiatives enacted the requirement of voter IDs at polling stations (which racial minorities are statistically less likely to have on hand), therefore promoting unequal representation.

POLITICS

n January 20, 2009, Barack Obama was sworn in as the 44th President of the United States—the first African American to hold the office. His famous slogan, “Yes We Can,” spoke to voters across the country in a campaign built on ideals of hope, inclusion and change. As the Obama administration prepares to depart the White House this January, it leaves behind a nation transformed from its Bush-era self. Many will be sad to see it go. An ex-University of Chicago law professor and Democratic Senator from Illinois, the 47-year old inherited a country broken by recession after the 2008 market crash. Over 8.7 million jobs were lost, unemployment peaked at a shocking 10% and the GDP contracted by 5.1% between 2008 and 2010. Obama rode a wave of Democratic victories, enjoying both a liberal House and Senate for the first two years of his term, though the Supreme Court was notably (and problematically) conservative. Within his first 100 days, Obama had passed an economic stimulus package in the form of his American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and approved the expanded State Children’s Health Insurance Program. He also passed measures improving gender-equal pay in the workplace, reducing the influence of lobbyists in Washington and relaxing enforcement of marijuana laws. He continued the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq, lifted the 7.5-year ban on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research and ordered the closure of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp (though this measure was unsuccessful). His approval ratings after these first hundred days was at 62%, showing broad support for early Obama action. The accomplishments of the Obama administration are numerous and momentous; however, among the most notable is the ratification of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (otherwise known as Obamacare). Enacted on March 23, 2010, it was rapidly dubbed “the most significant regulatory overhaul of the U.S. healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965” by the Washington Examiner. It intended to make healthcare accessible to all Americans by increasing the quality, availability and affordability of health insurance. The law requires insurers to accept all

Republican Marorities: While Obama entered office with a Democratic marority in both Houses of Congress, fillibusters early on by Republicans halted Democratic action. It was not until 2013 when ending a filibuster in the Senate was changed from 60 votes to a simple majority, long after Obama had lost his majority in the House of Representatives. Democrats went on to lose their slight majority in the Senate in 2014, and Obama was never able to truly push his agenda through Congress. The combination of these events, among other factors, drastically limited the capabilities of the Obama administration, as the conservative opposition that he faced grew in size. Their effect on elections was demonstrated when the number of states with a Republican legislative majority expanded to 33, not to mention in the recent President election — in which Donald Trump won the presidency through the electoral college but lost the popular vote by nearly 3,000,000.

PAPER TIGER

POLITICS

DEC 2016

OBAMA’S LEGACY

from page 7

the planet, the administration made strides to combat global warming and advance environmental legislation, both globally and at home. Obama’s many strident policies and domestic legislative victories culminated internationally at the 2016 Paris COP21 climate talks last spring. The landmark agreement brought almost 200 of the planet’s leading nations together in a literally worldchanging accord to reduce global greenhouse gas emission, as well as strengthen international adaptability and finance flow to improve resilience to climate change. Each nation involved presented a plan to cut pollution in their respective country together, these are projected to limit global warming to a 2.7 degrees Celsius increase by the year 2100. Though he has not achieved every campaign promise or early objective, the achievements of Barack Obama’s eight years in office are so numerous that it is impossible to discuss all of them. Since 2009, the economy has grown: the deficit has shrunk by nearly $1 trillion, or a factor of two thirds, unemployment has fallen from over 10% to 2016’s 4.9% (a figure essentially considered full employment), and the stock market has resurged. Prior to Obama’s presidency, Americans were increasing energy usage year after year—the population is now using less energy overall. Carbon emissions have dropped, solar energy installations are up by 2000%, and wind sources have quadrupled. The rate of homicides and violent crimes is down, and over 15 million Americans have gained health insurance. He has made huge strides for gay rights with the abolition of the “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell” policy and the momentous 2015 supreme court case which legalized gay marriage, largely due to Obama’s two supreme court appointments. His administration was noticeably scandal-free and family-oriented. First Lady Michelle Obama has captured the love and admiration of the nation with her charisma, wit, and compelling speeches. She worked to combat childhood obesity, improve nutrition, and advocate for women’s rights and access to education for all. All this and more the administration has achieved, by overcoming adversity and racial prejudice to emerge as one of the most competent and successful presidencies of all time. However, many Americans remain painfully unaware of the consequential and wide-ranging impacts of the Obama presidency. Some would argue that this is partially due to the administration’s emphasis on getting things done rather than publicizing its achievements—a strategy that stands in stark contrast to both the Clinton and Bush approaches to publicity.

Unfortunately, Obama largely failed to convince the working class, around whom much of his policy centered, of the strides his policies made to improve their lives. This could perhaps have contributed to the shocking results of last month’s election, as rural America declared its frustration with the disappearance of its traditional lifestyle in a changing world. Much of Obama’s legacy hinged on preservation through an Clinton presidency. The unpredictable and aggressively volatile Donald Trump represents a looming threat to many of his accomplishments. For Lick students, a generation brought up in the stable and progressive era of Obama, Trump’s inauguration in January will mark a drastic shift from the America we have known. Trump has the ability, should he choose to utilize it, to reverse many of Obama’s most eminent triumphs— he has already promised to repeal Obamacare, slash environmental efforts, and withdraw from TransPacific Partnership negotiations. He has nominated a starkly far right cabinet of businesspeople, including a fomer CEO of ExxonMobile, former executives of Goldman Sachs, and three fomer miltary generals. U.S.A Today headlined Susan Page’s December 11 analysis of Trump’s cabinet picks, “Trump’s Cabinet dubbed ‘Goldman, generals and gazillionaires.’” What Trump will actually choose to do remains a mystery, but the impacts of the next four years have the potential to be deep and devastating; as well as hugely formative to the future of the country that we will receive as young adults. Now is the time for our generation to step up, act, and make our voices heard. We are the ones tasked with the responsibility of upholding the illustrious legacy of one of the greatest presidents this nation has ever had: Barack Obama.

Obama’s first inauguration in January of 2009 photo courtesy of Wikipedia Commons

The Obama Family photo courtesy of Wikipedia Commons

Obama meeting President Raúl Castro photo courtesy of Wikipedia Commons

Connects you to the students, faculty, and staff in the LWHS community, quickly and conveniently

Playlist of the Week Ever wonder what history teacher Shaun Lopez listens to in his free time? Check out his top 10 songs on the PT Online, along with other playlists from Lick students and staff, read about how music has influenced their lives or why they connect to certain songs.

LitMag Bi-Monthly Articles written by LitMag staff exclusively for the PT Online highlight local artists, authors, book and art enthusiasts. Through this series of interviews LitMag work to reveal how relevant these cultures are to people’s daily lives.

And More Exclusive Content....

View all Spotlight videos * NFL Podcasts - George Dicke ‘17 and Ryan Kimball ‘17 * Student Discounts * News and Updates on all Lick arts performances * Live blogs of important student events

Subscribe to receive emails: (Subscription button in upper right corner). Instagram and Facebook: lwhspapertiger

lwhspapertiger.org

The Mandela Effect: Thinking by Confabulation by Coco Sachs ’17

ne of today’s most baffling phenomenons remained relatively unheard of until internet paranormal enthusiast, Fiona Broome, coined the term “The Mandela Effect” to describe the experience of false memory. LickWilmerding’s Anton Krukoswki, one of LW’s Brain and Behavior teachers, describes it as a topic that

“sparked a very powerful conversation” when he presented a TED talk about false memory to his Brain & Behavior class just last year. “While I knew the talk was controversial,” he says, “I had not anticipated the range of reactions that the talk would elicit… It is a complex and important topic… It is not a simple story that can be absorbed in a soundbite, or in a quick internet

meme.”

The term “Mandela Effect” was coined after thousands falsely reported remembering Mandela’s death when he was imprisoned, rather than in the winter of 2013. However, its recent gain in popularity has allowed an increase in interest in psychology and global enthusiasm for the relationship between science

and mysterious cases like these. It’s hard not to delve into hours of research on articles that surround the phenomenon, however, below you’ll find some of the most the most popular examples:

Mirror from Snow White photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Did the Evil Queen in Disney’s Snow White actually say “Magic Mirror” or “Mirror, Mirror”?

One of the most famous movie lines has been misquoted for years. Darth Vader actually said, “No, I am Your Father.”

Nissin Cup Noodles Chicken Flavour photo courtesy of Alpha

“Cup O’ Noodles” or “Cup Noodles”?

Febreze Bomb photo courtesy of Jessie S

Are there 3 or 4 E’s in “Febreze”?

“That’s all Folks!” photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons “Sunday School” photo courtesy of a4cwsn.com

Chuck E. Cheese’s Is the famous cartoon series photo courtesy of Mike Mozart Oscar Mayer Logo Has the popular bear spelled “Looney Tunes” or Was it “Chucky Cheese” or photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons “Looney Toons”? family’s last name has actually “Chuck E. Cheese”? Is it “Oscar Meyer” or “Osbeen “Berenstain” or “Becar Mayer”? renstein”?

What causes so many people to remember such random details incorrectly? Broome claims it’s our world’s relationship with parallel universes or the result of mistakes in time travel leading to a butterfly effect of slight changes in our present day. Discounting paranormal explanations, psychologists credit the phenomenon to the idea of confabulation: “a disturbance of memory, defined as the production of fabricated, distorted or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world.” This more sensible explanation implies our frequency of spreading misinterpreted information, which is understandable when it comes to explaining effects like “Chucky Cheese.” For most, the relationship with the name Chuck E. Cheese is auditory rather than visual. Krukowski adds, “It is too complex a process to credit any one phenomenon as the explanation for why we remember some things vividly, forget others, or have faulty or modified recollections. We hold

our memories as very precious and important to our sense of ourselves, so allowing for the idea that memory is a construct, and can change over the course of our lives, can be unnerving.” However, the emotional attachment that many share with certain memories has suggested more than just a simple verbal mistake; Mirror Mirror is actually a title of a modern version of Snow White, despite the fact that those were not the actual lines of the Evil Queen. The “Berenstein” Bears, a childhood staple for many, would be hard to mistake for Berenstain, a different spelling and pronunciation. But the bears’ surname has always been spelled this way, named after the creators Jan and Stan Berenstain. Psychologists suggest that our memories are not always pure and are often based on what is most familiar to us: because it is more common for last names to end in -stein rather than -stain, our memory can become distorted when we encounter a variant version. Krukowski also adds the idea of the social aspect of the theory, saying, “It sounds like the concept of the Mandela effect is itself

related to conformity - and I could imagine that the acceptance of this as a significant phenomenon could also be subject to social trends.” Perhaps we can connect our interest in the Mandela Effect to the continuation of our interest in science, specifically psychology, which is now the fourth most popular major among America’s college students. Lick-Wilmerding now has four sections of Brain & Behavior due to the number of students wanting to take the course. Even our own student body shares distorted memories. Over 60% of student responses to a Paper Tiger survey sent out to Lick-Wilmerding were incorrect when choosing between the images listed above. One survey taker, Solenn Grainger-Monsen ‘17, talks about the paranormal explanation for the Mandela Effect, “It’s a conspiracy spun out of control. It’s the human desire to attribute something to some greater sci-fi phenomenon when it’s really our own error.” Another survey taker, George Dicke ‘17, shares that

“Topics like the Mandela Effect make me more curious to explore the role of psychology in my life,” adding, “if I were to redo my course selection, I would’ve taken B&B.” When asked if this new interest excites him as a science teacher, Krukowski replied, “I think whatever makes people curious about what makes us tick can be a good thing. It is just important to get students motivated to get to the bottom of stories, and to have a critical eye for what is good research and what is superficial or anecdotal.” So, whether the explanation for these mis-memories is parallel universes, time travel, or simply human error, it remains clear that such scientific controversies can often fuel our fascination with how exactly our brains work, especially in igniting an interest in psychology in those who have never had it before.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Darth Vader reaches for Luke photo courtesy of Steve Troughton

PAPER TIGER

es and Leads Schoolwide Walkout

Marcon ‘17

on and operate and try to be successful, no matter who is in office.” In a follow up class meeting held on Monday, November 27, seniors were notified of more controversial opinions of the walkout. Oscar King - Junior and Senior Dean – shared the responses to an activity from Junior and Senior advising meetings. Students were asked to write a sentence or two about their general sentiments towards the walkout. Of those responses, several cited students’ frustrations that there was passion for this protest as opposed to passion for movements such as Black Lives Matter. Similarly, one student felt as if the interactions between LWHS and SFUSD students were “representative of our own privilege, as we separated from the public schools because their goals were different than ours.” Along the same lines, several students

an underclassman, “it was awesome! To stand up for what I believed in with so many other young people was incredibly empowering. Especially as a freshman, it was nice to see that so many people at my school shared the same ideas as me and were willing to make a stand.” Although some were thrilled with the media coverage, others were upset that the coverage incorrectly depicted the LWHS protest as one against Trump, despite the efforts to focus on making a stand for social justice and for groups threatened by Trump’s campaign.

Students walk through the Mission, with signs in hand. photo by JD LeRoy

Mission district residents watching the walk out. photo by Ryan Yee

Nigel Berkeley leading the way photo by JD LeRoy

Students as they begin the 5 mile walk photo by Ryan Yee

and faculty alike felt as if the encounters with SFUSD could have been handled more smoothly. Regardless, the protests by SFUSD students and Lick, along with schools such as The Bay School and The Convent School of San Francisco, garnered media attention. Amongst the outlets that reported on the San Francisco walkouts were CNN and Buzzfeed, who live streamed the event from helicopters and had reporters interviewing Lick students such as Zeli Grey ‘17, who reflects on being interviewed by such mainstream outlets. “I was wearing a ‘Nasty Woman’ shirt, so they asked me about what a Trump presidency would be like for me. I had so much to say that it was hard to condense it into one statement.” Several outlets interviewed many other LWHS students, such as Amie Baumgartner ‘17. Similarly, CNN conducted an interview with Ariana Holmes ‘20 who describes being featured on the live stream. “The reporter came up to me and asked me why we were doing the walkout. I told him that we wanted to make a stand and show people what we believed in, and that we as people who will soon be able to vote, aren’t happy with having Donald Trump as president.” Holmes, along with being one of several students featured on social media, was one of a handful of underclassmen who participated. As

Top: Students chant with their signs in front of City Hall; Bottom: LWHS students run to City Hall during the final stretch of the mile walk. photos by Ryan Yee and JD LeRoy

PAPER TIGER

es and Leads Schoolwide Walkout

Marcon ‘17

Students walk through the Mission, with signs in hand. photo by JD LeRoy

Mission district residents watching the walk out. photo by Ryan Yee

Nigel Berkeley leading the way photo by JD LeRoy

Students as they begin the 5 mile walk photo by Ryan Yee

Top: Students chant with their signs in front of City Hall; Bottom: LWHS students run to City Hall during the final stretch of the mile walk. photos by Ryan Yee and JD LeRoy

PAPER TIGER

ARTS & LEISURE

A Guide to the Ferry Building by Jill Reilly '17 and Maya Rich '17

ituated on the city’s waterfront, the Ferry Building has been welcoming people from all walks of life since its erection in 1898. The building, which originally functioned as a train station and then a ferry terminal until the 1930s, was remodeled in the early 2000s. It reopened in 2003 as the Ferry Building Marketplace, a public market showcasing artisan crafts, food, wine and more. The open layout of the building, which includes a long central pass (the Nave), invites visitors and locals alike to experience the market from end to end. The arrangement of stalls and stores along the way makes the experience of perusing the shops similar to that of exploring an outdoor market. And if you feel like catching some real fresh air, the benches on the backside of the building offer a spectacular view of the Bay Bridge, while the street performers and skaters provide colorful entertainment from morning until night. So whether you are a foodie, a photographer, a lover of design, or just a person looking for something to do on a Sunday afternoon, consider spending your day at some of our favorite Ferry Building destinations! Miette Patisserie Characterized by its chartreuse trim and floral accents, Miette is a charming take on a French patisserie. Miette, which is the French word for “crumb,” offers everything from pastries and cakes to gummies and hard candies. Among their most popular sweets are homemade vanilla marshmallows, caramel confections, and French macarons in flavors like chocolate-lavender and rose geranium. If you are looking for a truly unique sweet, test out Miette’s “ballpark brittle” – a marriage of peanut brittle and caramel corn sprinkled with pretzels. Frog Hollow Farm This diversified fruit stand is tucked away in an alcove off the central pass. Famous for their fresh peaches, Frog Hollow also offers a selection of seasonal dried fruit, fresh fruit “conserves,” and an assortment of baked goods. Some of their most popular pastries include stone fruit turnovers and scuffins (a cross between a scone and a muffin), made from their farm-to-table ingredients. On our visit, we picked up a bag of dried summer flare nectarines, which were delightfully sweet and chewy. Beekind

DEC 2016

If you are a bee-lover, you have to visit this quaint stand right on the central pass. Its rustic decor will make you feel like you are on the farm, harvesting the honey

for yourself. Selling everything from honeysticks – in flavors like chai, chocolate, sour cherry, and blackberry – to 100% beeswax candles, Beekind doesn’t let any part of the hive go to waste. Because of their wide selection of natural products, Beekind is a great place to look for gifts. They also offer delicious samples of their infused honey flavors, so even if you aren’t in the market to buy, we encourage you to stop by and take a look! Boccalone Salumeria Situated in the center of the central pass, Boccalone Salumeria is the Ferry Building’s destination for Italian cold cut sandwiches and platters. The shop serves more than twenty varieties of handmade cured meats, which are made from sustainably raised, heritage-breed pork. Boccalone’s main attraction is their unique “Salumi Cones,” which feature either mixed salumi or prosciutto. There is also a custom salumi cone option for those who prefer to mix and match their premium meats. On our visit, we particularly enjoyed the prosciutto crudo sandwich with greens and olive oil (we added whole grain mustard for a kick) and we’ll certainly be back to try “The Messy Piggy” pulled pork sandwich with spicy pickled peppers.

Front view of the Ferry Building photo by Jill Reilly

El Porteño Empanadas El Porteño Empanadas has a warm, welcoming aroma as you near the well lit display of savory pastries. You can choose from a selection of Pollo (Chicken), Carne (Beef), Fugazetta (Cheddar, onion, oregano), and the Acelga (Swiss chard, gruyere, pine nuts, raisins). If your sweet tooth is calling you, the specialty shop also offers Argentinian Alfajores de Dulce de Leche, two Argentinian cookies with a sweet dollop of dulce de leche in between.

Front of Boccalone Salumeria photo by Jill Reilly

Book Passage Tucked away from the busy main corridor of the Ferry Building, Book Passage offers a cozy space to explore a wide selection of books while sipping a Peet’s Coffee, or waiting on your order of carne asada tacos from the nearby Mijita Cocina. From modern poetry to classic literature, science fiction to bible studies, the small but well-stocked bookstore caters to a range of interests. While exploring your favorite selections, the glass of the east facing wall provides a beautiful view of the bay. A cozier corner, enclosed in bookshelves, constructed on the other side of the store, is targeted towards a younger audience. Whether you’re looking for political books, biographies, young adult literature, or a gift for a bookloving little kid, Book Passage offers the classic bookstore experience in an increasingly digital world. (Book Passage has several other locations which host speakers, book signings, and writers' workshops.) CONTINUED ON BACK PAGE

Outside of Miette Patisserie photo by Maya Rich

All the sweets and treats inside Miette photo by Maya Rich

LMS Architects: San Francisco’s Leading Green Design Firm by Elena Moore ’17

with mechanical and structural engineers. Currently, Stacy is focusing on a graduate center on Pier 2 for the San Francisco Art Institute. Two years ago, the firm completed the structural and seismic aspects of the project. They added a large solar voltaic piece to the roof and are now adding studio spaces, a multi-media theater, maker spaces, and installation rooms. Stacy hopes to be done by next summer. Meanwhile, Maytum is overseeing the design and construction of the new Commonwealth headquarters. While this is a privately-funded project designed to create office and presentation spaces for members of the Commonwealth Club, the firm is paying homage to the building’s unique history as the site of the 1930’s labor riots by constructing a public display about San Francisco’s history. Eco-design plays a role in every building that the firm works on. While some clients do not seek their LEED certification due to the expensive cost, the architects still incorporate eco-policies into every building. For example, in the Jacobs Institute for Design at UC Berkeley, the firm utilized a photovoltaic array, focused on ventilation and air quality, and reduced the energy usage by 90%. A large part of eco-design is incorporating landscape and greenery into each structure. LMS Architects always ensure that landscape architects are brought into the design conversation early and frequently. At the California Shakespeare Theater in Orinda, LMS Architects used living roofs to reflect the natural habitat of the area, collect rainwater, and insulate the buildings. LMS Architects also incorporated landscape design into The Nueva School located in Hillsborough. They utilized living roofs once again, created habitats for endangered butterflies, integrated the outdoor spaces into science classes by adding webcams on the roof, worked with the natural topography of the space, created outdoor hallways, and used the trees that were cut down as the material for the buildings. Maytum and Stacy also mentioned that living in a city like San Francisco informs many of their designs. Maytum explains, “Each project is site-specific. It is developed for what is appropriate for the community, neighborhood, and setting.” This means paying attention to the topography and climate as well as the codes set in place by the San Francisco government. Stacy added that building a firm that stresses the importance of sustainable architecture was a much easier task to achieve in San Francisco than

Jacob Institute for Design Innovation at U.C. Berkeley photo courtesy of LMS Architects

LMS Architects team photo courtesy of LMS Architects

in Houston, where he attended architecture school. He believes that culturally, San Francisco has a more environmentallyminded population. Even since the pioneering days of green architecture, San Franciscans have embraced the possibilities it can provide. In fact, California is one of the few states with energy usage restrictions for buildings. While architects generally despise codes, LMS is in full support of the city’s energy codes as they make it much easier to convince clients to incorporate eco-policies into their designs. Many nonprofit clients, such as those who build affordable housing, have grown gradually more open to the idea of incorporating eco-policies into their structures. Nonprofits have begun to embrace these policies as they simultaneously create healthy living spaces and keep energy costs low. Although some for-profit clients are more reluctant to abide by the city’s energy codes, Stacy and Maytum still believe the codes are smart and useful, as they force clients to consider both the environment as well as the profit. LMS Architects believe that these environmental codes must be abided by in order for a society to progress. Some of the codes even relate to future architectural projects. Currently, all structures constructed in the Transbay neighborhood of San

Francisco must incorporate purple pipe, pipes that will be used for a future reclaimed water system, into their infrastructure. This idea is quite visionary – while these pipes are not utilized today, this sets the tone for future design projects in the area. While San Francisco is known as one of the centers of green architecture, this method of building is gradually permeating throughout the rest of the country and the American Institute of Architects has recently added an award for green architecture. Many architects throughout the world also use the LEED certification system to standardize the use of environmental policies. LEED certification was actually developed here in San Francisco and eventually made its way to Washington D.C. The system monitors energy usage, water usage, materials chosen, site, and community factors. The rating system continually evolves – currently, it is being adapted to rate the environmental design of pre- existing structures. LMS frequently uses the LEED certification system. In fact, over half of their staff are LEED-credible professionals and LMS is ranked the sixth greenest firm in the country.

ARTS & LEISURE

ased in San Francisco, Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects (LMS) has been at the forefront of the environmental architecture movement for the past sixteen years. After branching off from Tanner van Dine in 2001, Bill Leddy and Marsha Maytum, parents of Anna Leddy ‘05, and Richard Stacy, father of Claire Stacy ‘14 and Nora Stacy ‘17, established their own architectural firm focused on architecture with a public purpose —schools, affordable housing, civic buildings and green design. The principle architects all come from diverse educational backgrounds — their different skillsets and experiences inform the firm’s multifaceted ethos. Martha Maytum began her educational career as a dancer but soon turned to architecture as a more practical form of art. She studied at the University of Oregon for five years, becoming invested in environmental architecture in the 1970’s. Her husband, Bill Leddy, had known that architecture was his path since the age of eight. He pursued his interest and similarly received his architecture degree from the University of Oregon, where he met Maytum. Richard Stacy received his architecture degree from Rice University in Texas. After recognizing the lack of opportunities in environmental architecture in Houston, he moved to San Francisco where he first interned and then began working as an architect. Stacy loves being an architect. For him, “Architecture has a lot of parts to it. There is a spectrum from the artistic to the highly technical. We juggle many facets of the job, but what I love most is the development of a project as it is a central point of connection for everybody.” Today the firm focuses on architecture with a public purpose. Both Maytum and Stacy refer to their architectural endeavors as “mission-driven work.” Maytum said that, “We only have one career and all of us wanted to make a contribution and focus on the things we felt were important to us and to the community. This includes environmental architecture as a cornerstone.” The firm has won numerous awards for green architecture and is currently working on a range of public projects, including educational centers and affordable housing. The partners and senior associates at LMS juggle many tasks in their day-to-day work —from visiting sites to directing designs to coordinating

PAPER TIGER

Scrumptious Holiday Recipe Guide by JD LeRoy ’17, Adam Barr Newirth ’17 and Jill Reilly ’17

ake this holiday season the most delicious one yet with these festive recipes shared by our very own Lick students!

ARTS & LEISURE

Latkes served with a dollop of sour cream photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Potato Latkes (Eli Simon'19) Ingredients: ½ pound of peeled russet potatoes ¼ cup finely chopped shallots 2 large eggs, lightly beaten 2 tablespoons flour (replace with matzo meal for Passover)

Instructions: Measure the flour and salt into a bowl. It’s best if the shortening or butter is really cold. Cut the butter into small ½-inch pieces and add to flour. Using two knives or a pastry cutter, cut the shortening with the flour to create a mealy mixture with pea sized pieces. You want to keep the shortening as small pieces surrounded with flour so that the crust is flakey. This step can also be done in a food processor. Add the ½ cup water and stir with a fork until it all comes together in a ball. If it is dry, add a little water, a tablespoon at a time. This step is easier in a food processor. Just pour the water through the top and the dough comes together nicely, Press the dough into a small thick disc and wrap to store in the refrigerator for at least one hour.

Instructions: Filling:

Ingredients: 5 apples ¾ cup sugar Instructions: 1 tablespoon minute tapioca Grate the potatoes and put them 1 tablespoon chopped crystallized in a cheeseclot-lined sieve. Set the ginger sieve over a bowl, and twist the cheesecloth into a pouch, squeezing out some of the moisture. Let the mixture drain for 15 minutes. Then, pour off the liquid from the bowl, but leave the white potato starch that settles in the bottom of the bowl.

To the starch, add shallots, eggs, flour, ½ teaspoon of salt and freshly ground pepper. Return the drained potatoes to this mixture and toss to combine. Preheat the oven to 200ºF. Line a baking pan with paper towels. When you are ready to eat, in a large skillet heat ¼ inch of oil over medium high heat until hot. Drop heaping tablespoons of the potato mixture on the sheet and cook for 3 to 4 minutes on each side; the latkes should be golden and crisp on both sides. Serve with applesauce, sour cream or a cottage cheese-sour cream mixture and eat right away.

Apple Ginger Pie – Betty Marcon (Loic Marcon '17)

Take five medium apples and blanch them in boiling water to remove skins. This is done by boiling them until they rise to the top of the water. Remove from water and place in an ice bath. When you can handle them, remove the skin, which should come off easier. Cut apples in half, take out pit and slice into ½ inch pieces and put in a bowl. Combine the sugar and tapioca in a bowl — combine well and mix into apples. Add ginger and rose water and mix. Let sit while rolling out the dough. Assembly: 2 tablespoons butter, 1 egg beaten with a tablespoon of water Preheat the oven to 425ºF. Take the dough out of the refrigerator. Cut it in half. Using a rolling pin and flour to prevent sticking, roll out one piece for the bottom of the pie plate. You should use a 9-inch pie plate for this. Pyrex plates work well because you can see the bottom to make sure the pie is baking evenly. Place the rolled out dough in the plate, helping it into the corners with your fingers and the heel of your hand. Create a nice rim and trim any excess dough.

Spice up your apple pie with a hint of ginger photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

DEC 2016

Crust: Ingredients: 2 Cups all-purpose flour 1 tsp salt ¾ cup vegetable shortening or lard ½ cup shortening 4 tbsp butter ½ cup ice water

Pour the apples into the pan, dot the top with pieces of butter (pre-cut the butter into small pieces to make the dots). Brush the rim of the crust with egg wash, roll out the second piece of dough and place it on top, pressing lightly over the top and fitting it around the edges. Crimp the top and bottom crusts together and create a rope design around the edges using the thumb and forefinger. You can also use a fork to crimp the edges. Make sure to slit holes in the top so that the steam can escape.

Finish off the pie by brushing it with a layer of egg wash. Place the pie in a hot oven at 425ºF for 15 minutes. Then reduce the heat to 375ºF and continue baking for another 40 minutes. When taken out of the oven, the crust should be golden-brown and you should be able to see the filling bubbling up through the slits. Remember to let cool before serving.

Chocolate Peppermint Bark – Gavin Pola '20 (Master Chef Junior contestant) Ingredients: 6 ounces white baking chocolate, chopped 1 cup crushed peppermint or spearmint candies, divided 1 cup semisweet chocolate chips

Soft Molasses Cookies – John Peterson (Brooke Peterson '17) Ingredients: 1 cup (2 sticks) unsalted butter 1 cup sugar, plus more for coating the dough ½ cup molasses 2 ½ teaspoons baking soda 1 teaspoon salt Packing your peppermint bark in a tin is an 1¼ teaspoons cinnamon adorable gift 1¼ teaspoons ground cloves photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons ¾ teaspoon ground ginger Instructions: 2 large eggs 3½ cups unbleached all-purpose In a microwave, melt white flour chocolate at 70% power; stir until smooth. Stir in ⅓ cup crush candies. Alternately, drop spoonfuls of chocolate and white chocolate mixtures onto a waxed paper-lined baking sheet. Using a metal spatula, cut through candy to swirl and spread ¼-inch thickness. Sprinkle with remaining crushed candies.

Molasses cookies straight out of the oven photo courtesy of Tracy Ducasse https://www.flickr.com/photos/teagrrl/11526185026

Refrigerate until firm. Break into pieces. Store between layers of waxed paper in an airtight container.

Instructions: In a large mixing bowl, cream together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Add the molasses while mixing at slow speed, then the baking soda, salt and spices. Add the eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Scrape down the sides of the bowl to make sure everything is incorporated. Stir in the flour. Cover the bowl and refrigerate the dough for 1 hour. Preheat the oven to 350ºF. Lightly grease (or line with parchment) two baking sheets.

Triple Stuffed Oreos with Red Sprinkles – Bonnie Wong '17 and Ryan Kimball '17

Shape or scoop the dough into 1½inch balls. Roll them in granulated sugar and put them on the prepared Ingredients: baking sheets, leaving about 2 inches between them. Single Stuffed Oreos Red Sprinkles Bake the cookies for 10 minutes (or slightly longer if you want chewier Instructions: cookies). The centers will look soft and puffy, which is okay. As long as the bottoms are set enough to lift Turn one cookie at 90 degrees and partway off the cookie sheet witout pull apart. Scrape filling from three bending or breaking, they're ready cookies. Before combining filling to come out of the oven. Cool the pour red sprinkles on top. After cookies on the pan for 10 minutes scraping three stuffings combine before transferring them to a rack into a megaoreo. Best served with to cool completely. the Wong-Kimball family secret sauce (milk). Please come to D Block Journalism for your free pint.

Fall Sports Wrap Up by George Dicke ’17 and Nick Harris ’19

Boys’ Cross Country: Held back by illnesses in the BCL championship, the Boys’ Varsity Cross Country Team bounced back to win NCS for the first time since 1989. The squad headed to Fresno confident and ran with swagger to finish 4th in the D5 state meet. Sean Laidlaw ’18 recorded the fastest time of all San Francisco runners at the meet by going under 16:00 in a 5K, the first time he has achieved that feat. He capped off a sensational season in cross country. Fellow junior Erik Stein ’18 showcased his speed by dropping his 2015 time by over a minute, running 16:38. Freshman John Peabody ’20, who has improved significantly over the course of the season, pushed to finish the race in just over 17 minutes. Sportswriter and speed demon, Nick Harris ’19 ran well at both NCS and States. He will form a tandem with fellow Paper Tiger journalist Eddie Dilworth ’19, on a team which is expected to be better than ever next year.

Boys Cross Country: MVP: Sean Laidlaw ’18 MIP: Eddie Dillworth ’19 Coaches: Jackson Vachal ’17 Girls Cross Country MVP: Jill Reilly ’17 MIP: Jeannie Moreno ’20 Coaches: Lindsey Bach ’17

Lick girls volleyball in a huddle during a home game photo courtesy of Lick-Wilmerding Photo Archive

Zeke were stellar offensive players Chip Thompson ’18, Jake Lennet ’17 and Nathan Logan ’18, who all played integral roles in leading the Lick boys to the NCS championships. However, this talented team will be losing quite a few seniors next year, as Drew Tomao ’17, Joe O’Connell ’17 and Omar Patterson ’17 have been an essential part of Lick’s staunch defense. Lick will also lose important parts of its explosive offense in Chip Thompson ’17, Jake Lennet ’17 and Nate Joseph ’17. Hopes remain high, though, as freshmen Max Beldner ’20 and Marc Eidelhoch ’20 show promise as future stars on the team, and current sophomores eliminated by 2 seed Monte Vista Ben Harris ’19, Will Roos ’19 Christian, ending their impressive playoff run. While a plethora of seniors, Coco Sachs ’17, Blythe Engel ’17 and Annike Cummings ’17 will depart next year, along with the two current captains, the team will remain star-studded and determined to repeat as BCL Champions and improve their 25-8 overall record.

Girls’ Volleyball: The Girls’ Volleyball Team asserted its supremacy in the BCL by defeating powerhouse Marin Academy 3-2 in the championship game. Although the team was plagued by injuries, captains Elyssa Nicolas ’17 and Lily Krausz ’17 led them all the way to the semifinals of the NCS tournament, where they lost 3-1 to St Joseph Notre Dame. Strong play from Caitlin Cummings ’20 and Jessica Cusi ’18 and solid team chemistry made Lick-Wilmerding well deserving of a 7 seed in the CIF state Division IV March-madness-esque tournament. After sweeping the Hilmar Yellowjackets, the team was

Boys Soccer: The boys finished up their season with an overall record of 23-3-1. Sophomore Zeke Rubin Moore ’19 finished the season with a team leading 13 goals. Alongside

Boys and Girls Cross Country at the NCS awards ceremony photo by Margaret Tsang

Girls Tennis MVP: Tanima Joshi ’17 MIP: Charlotte Abbe ’20 Coaches: Frances Jacobsen ’18 Girls Volleyball MVP: Jessica Cusi ’18 MIP: Emma Krikorian ’19 Coaches: Elyssa Nicolas ’17 Boys Soccer MVP: Drew Tomao ’17 MIP: Ben Harris ’19 Coaches: Joe O’Connell ’17 Boys Water Polo: MVP: Nick Dolce ’18 MIP: Gavin Pola ’20 Coaches: Kelby Kramer ‘17 Girls Water Polo: MVP: Evan Fuller ’18 MIP: Annabel Dupont ’19 Coaches: Nora Stacy ’17

SPORTS

Girls Cross Country: The Girls’ Cross Country Team was very successful this season, adding a BCL championship trophy and an NCS second place banner to the array of awards in Lick-Wilmerding’s gym. At the state meet, phenom freshwomen Mira Terdiman ’20 ran the third fastest course time in Lick-Wilmerding girls’ cross country history. Mira was accompanied by fellow classmates and improving runners Viva Donahoe ’20 and Jeannie Moreno ’20, who played pivotal roles. Lick captured 4th place at the state meet. The team was one point away from bringing back a 3rd place plaque to Lick. Senior studs, Jill Reilly ’17, Maya Rich ’17 and Lindsey Bach ’17 will be missed next year, but arguably the fastest freshman class in Lick-Wilmerding history will return determined to help the Tigers defend their BCL title.

FALL SPORTS AWARDS

Evan Fuller leads the offensive charge for the girl’s water polo team photo by Noelle Salmi

and Eli Simon ’19 will look to fill season as the team is growing the gaps left by this outgoing class rapidly in size. of ’17. Girls’ Varsity Tennis: Boys/Girls’ Water Polo: Seniors, Tanima Joshi The Lick-Wilmerding ’17 and Jane Liu ’17 and water polo team faced off Juniors Franny Jacobsen ’18 against some incredibly tough and Jeanne Peabody ‘18 led competition, playing against the Girls’ Tennis Team to their fiercely competitive D1 and D2 3rd BCL championship in a schools. They had no wins, but row. Talented freshman Olive nonetheless worked incredibly Maunupau ’20 and excellent hard. This is the first year that the newcomer Saoirse Lewis ’18 Lick Water Polo Team has played helped to round out the squad in official league meets, a feat in which will go into next year and of itself. strong and ready to defend They look to improve next their title, once again.

PAPER TIGER

SPORTS

A Deep Dive Into Underwater Hockey by George Dicke ’17

hen asked about underwater hockey, many respond with laughter. “Is that really a sport?” one might ask. In fact, in sixth grade I had the same initial reaction when learning about the sport’s existence. Underwater hockey is a co-ed sport played on the bottom of a pool by teams of six players. Each player swims with a short stick while decked out in snorkels, fins, and a mask. Players move the puck by pushing or passing it on the floor of the pool. The objective is to get the puck in the opposing team’s goal. The game is played in two fifteen minute halves with a three minute break in between halves. It sounds easy enough, until one takes into account the fact that an underwater hockey player has to hold their breath for extended periods of time while maneuvering the puck before coming up to the surface for air. Part of the strategy is knowing the best time to take breaths above the surface. No oxygen masks are allowed, just snorkels. It is a fast paced, non-contact sport and a fantastic way to stay in shape, expand lung capacity and build swimming and free diving capability. The game was created in August 1954 when Scuba divers in Southsea England were confined to swimming laps for six straight months to maintain aerobic and physical shape due to the frigid water conditions of the English channel. When diver Alan Blake met with members of the British Sub-Aqua Club, he recalls wanting

“a competitive game to soak up the winter interlude.” The group created a sport they dubbed “Octopush.” Thirty-seven years later, Southsea renamed the sport underwater hockey. Over sixty years after its creation, the game has spread not only throughout England, but also has gained immense popularity across the globe. Today, the sport is most popular in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada, but it is played in over 20 countries and within numerous cities across the United States. In San Francisco, the San Francisco Sea Lions are the only team. San Jose also boasts its own travel underwater hockey team, Club Puck. Both of these squads consist of a diverse group of players ranging from senior journalists to millennial software developers to middle school students. Bridge Robinson ’19 played with the Sea Lions from 4th grade to 7th grade. He jokes that because underwater hockey is eccentric, “the sport attracts weird people.” While the sport is gaining popularity, its potential to grow is capped by the fact that is not a great spectator sport. While basketball and football can draw thousands of fans, underwater hockey is very difficult to watch since observers have to watch the game unfold underneath the water surface. While Olympic buzz for the sport grows, advocates for making the game mainstream have to figure out a way to make the game fun to watch if underwater hockey wants to cement its spot in future Olympiads. Even then, Robinson believes that underwater hockey will “remain a fringe sport.”

The sport utilizes gloves and minature sticks in an intense underwater environment photo by George Dicke

Bridge Robinson shows off his underwater hockey equipment photo by George Dicke

Previewing the College Football Playoffs by Ryan Kimball ’17

DEC 2016

n January 1, 2016, the second annual College Football Playoffs will begin. After another amazing and unforgettbale season, four teams remain in the fight for a national championship. #1 Seed Alabama Crimson Tide (13-0 Record Overall, 9-0 Record in Conference) While it lacks the star power of previous Alabama teams, Nick Saban’s squad may be as deep and talented as it’s ever been. Led by a well-rounded, relentless defense and a mauling offensive line, Alabama has impressive wins over USC, Ole Miss, Texas A&M, Florida and Auburn. The defending national champions will be the favorites to repeat again this year, but they will have to do it despite inconsistent play from quarterback Jalen Hurts and without a Heisman candidate at running back for the first time in a while. With that being said, the defense ranks within the top 10 nationally, boasting future NFL players like Tim Williams, Jonathan Allen, and Ryan Anderson. The offensive line, composed of physically dominant players, will need to play well enough to give time to Hurts and the rest of the Alabama offense to make plays. When Alabama plays at their best, no one is better. #2 Seed Clemson Tigers

(12-1, 9-1): Runner ups in the national championship a year ago, Clemson is back in the College Football Playoff. Dabo Sweeney’s Tigers still retain much of their roster from last year, including quarterback Deshaun Watson, who followed up his Heisman finalist success last year with solid but inconsistent performance this season. Clemson hasn’t looked as dominant this year as they did for stretches of last season, as they lost to a middling Pittsburgh team at home and struggled against Florida State and North Carolina State before pulling out late wins. However, Clemson has found a way to win close games and has risen to the occasion in big games. Their playoff experience from last year cannot be understated as well. If Deshaun Watson channels some of his magic from last year and Clemson continues to play well in big games, Clemson is capable of beating any team in the country and hoisting a national championship trophy. # 3 Seed Ohio State Buckeyes (11-1, 8-1) Snubbed from playoff selection last year, Urban Meyer and the Ohio State Buckeyes are back with a vengeance. Boasting one of the most impressive resumes in the country, Ohio State earned impressive victories against Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and fierce rival Michigan.

Alabama head coach Nick Saban seeks back to back titles photo courtesy of Wikimedia

They bounced back from a demoralizing loss at Penn State and haven’t looked back. Quarterback JT Barrett and Wide Receiver Noah Brown have been standouts on the offensive side, and the defense is amongst the most talented in the nation. With great coaching and phenomenal athletes on both sides of the ball, Ohio State is one of the most battle tested and capable teams of winning the 2018 title. #4 Seed Washington Huskies (12-1, 9-1) One of the bigger surprises of the season, Pac-12 champions Washington will have a chance to fight for a national championship. Under the radar for much of the season outside of the West Coast, Washington has rattled off impressive wins over formidable opponents, ravaging their conference with a slew of blowouts and domi-

nant victories. Their November home loss to USC was the only bad game they played all year and is the only reason they aren’t ranked higher. While their schedule wasn’t as difficult as the other teams represented, the depth of the Pac 12 cannot be denied, and Washington is as battle tested as any team. Heisman candidate Jake Browning has shined at quarterback this season. The Huskies have a dynamic offense that has proven to be unstoppable at certain stretches, and their defense has shined for much of the season and is capable of rising to the occasion. Washington is a young team, and this may be their biggest hurdle, but head coach Chris Peterson seems poised for his team to make a playoff run. Predictions from LWHS Sports Podcasters Ryan Kimball ‘17 and George Dicke ‘17 #1 Alabama vs #4 Washington Ryan’s Pick: 31-20 Alabama George’s Pick:13-6 Alabama #2 Clemson vs #3 Ohio State Ryan’s Pick: 27-20 Ohio State George’s Pick: 38-17 Ohio State Championship Picks: Ryan’s Pick: Alabama 34, Ohio State 17 George’s Pick: Alabama 31, Ohio State 24 Your National Chapions: The University of Alabama

Basketball’s Impact Off the Court by Joe Woldemichael ’19 and Avinash Ganesh ’18

really inspired me to work hard in multiple sports,” says Ticktin, who in addition to being a basketball fan, is an avid soccer player. “His passion for soccer, which he took into basketball... has showed me that anything is possible. He was a great passer. That was a really large part of his game, to be able to set up others with balls. He could take charge of the court... His ability to make the players around him better was incredible.” If Lick’s basketball culture could be attributed to one man, it would be Coach Elliot Smith, who, in addition to heading the Athletics Department, coaches the Varsity Boys’ basketball team and organizes the annual Lick vs. University game at Oracle. We pulled him aside amidst a hurried conversation to ask him about his basketball inspirations. He paused before describing a high school player that made a mark on him while he was in middle school. “When you’re in eighth grade, and you see the attention that he gets, and you see the fans screaming— When I was a kid I wanted to be that guy. You watched, and that was what you worked for. I wanted to be on varsity someday, I wanted to make those shots.” He paused again. When he resumed, his demeanour was milder, some of the emotion gone. “And you know, when you [get older] you realize that it’s not as important—back then it meant everything.” He smiled, looking back at us. “But as I have gotten older,” he said, “the kids have become like heroes to me.” Coach Smith thought about the characteristics that make a player. He contemplated, sat back on the bench, and responded simply, “Players make plays... When you look at their heart, their attitude, and how they cope during adversity, that’s when you know you’ve found a great role model.” Motioning back to the court, he said, “Having a positive attitude, high-fiving your teammates, and being a leader are all significant characteristics of a great player.” For Coach Smith there are no greater role models than the young people that work hard to achieve their dreams. He smiled when he described the player that had such an impact on him in his own formative years: “Watching him... gave me passion for the game of basketball. It made me work day and night. It made me work harder to achieve my dream because I knew there was no shortcut to success.” In basketball, the court is just where the game is played, not where it ends. For members of the Lick community who grew up with the sport, the athletes that overcome difficult odds to achieve unlikely success are a lasting source of inspiration.

Muggsy Bogues (centre), standing with with Larry Johnson (left) and Alonzo Mourning (right), who had a long, decorated career in the NBA despite his small frame, is a hero to Julian Chavez photo courtesy of James Robert-Smith

Coach Elliot Smith with the 2015 Boys ‘ Varsity Basketball Team photo by Barre Fong

Coach Elliot Smith photo by Robin von Breton

SPORTS

asketball is so ingrained in Lick culture that sometimes it is easy to overlook how it brings the Lick community together, especially during the big game at Oracle. Lick students and faculty are inspired by the men and women on the L-W basketball teams as well as a host of college and professional players. We stopped Julian Chavez ’18 in the courtyard; he relaxed on a bench as he pondered the question. “A player that inspired me?” he asked incredulously. He thought for a moment, “Muggsy Bogues.” He mimed a pump-fake while crouching, imitating the man who, at 5’3, was the shortest NBA player ever. “He was an All-Star!” Chavez exclaimed. “He was part of the national team when they won the FIBA World Cup. He was in the NBA for 14 seasons. Muggsy proved that height doesn’t matter when you’re playing basketball, and that [smaller people] can still be bigbodied in a tall body sport.” Many Lick students are motivated by the smaller players who excelled in a sport dominated by physical giants. Natan Johnson-Potter ’18 described his inspiration, Nate Robinson, who despite standing at only 5’9 won the NBA dunk contest in 2006. “Nate Robinson’s work ethic is what inspires me to work hard,” said Johnson-Potter. “Being that short and playing at that level requires a lot of work.” We found Shaun Lopez, Lick-Wilmerding History Teacher, playing basketball in the gym, throwing lazy layups and trying the occasional three point shot. “You’re not going to know who he is, guys,” he warned, taking two dribbles and adjusting his aim. He took the shot and it careened off of the backboard. He grimaced, then adjusted his attention back to the question. “His name was Omel Nieves, and he played for Fresno State [University],” he said. As a young person, Lopez had seen Nieves become the first Latino on the Fresno State basketball team, in a community that was predominantly Hispanic. “He wasn’t the star... and he sat on the end of the bench,” said Lopez, “[but] he was Latino and he looked like me and like all the other Latinos in the community.” From those revelatory moments in his childhood, Lopez has harbored a lifelong passion for basketball. “He was the only guy that looked like me and he made me want to play,” he said, before taking another shot. For many, the greatest players have always been those with the uncanny ability to make those around them better. Steve Nash, whose career spanned two decades and included a coveted MVP award, is a hero of Jared Ticktin ’17. A model athlete, Steve Nash excelled in multiple sports including soccer and ice hockey. “His tremendous work ethic, and his ability to pursue as well as be good at multiple sports

Nate Robinson, whose work ethic on the court is a source of inspiration for Natan Johnson-Potter photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Steve Nash’s excellence in multiple sports serves as encouragement for soccer player Jared Ticktin photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

PAPER TIGER

18 O

Madeleine Albright on Women, Politics and Pins by Rebecca Cormack ’17

VOICES

n November 16, 2016 Madeleine Albright, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and the U.S. Secretary of State under President Bill Clinton, spoke at San Francisco’s Legion of Honor Museum. Secretary Albright was in town to celebrate the opening of the exhibit of her famous brooch collection, “Read My Pins: The Madeleine Albright Collection.” The collection holds over 200 pins worn during Albright’s political career as UN ambassador and Secretary of State between the years 1993 and 2001. Albright wore pins that aligned with a particular political agenda, conveyed her mood, or expressed her patriotism while in political office. Taking inspiration from former President George H.W. Bush’s line, “Read my lips: no new taxes,” Albright would respond, “read my pins” when colleagues asked her for the agenda of the day. As I headed towards the entrance, I was eager to learn more about the first female Secretary of State. On stage at the Legion, Albright sat down with Tom DeCaigny, Director of Cultural Affairs at the San Francisco Arts Commission. She answered both DeCaigny’s curated questions and questions from audience members. Albright immediately dove into the context of her pin collection. After the Gulf War, Albright was in charge of holding down sanctions against Iraq. “I said perfectly terrible things about Saddam Hussein constantly, and he deserved it: he had invaded Kuwait,” Albright

DEC 2016

said. She went on to describe a poem that circulated in newspapers in Baghdad comparing her to “an unparalleled serpent.” In response, Albright began to wear a snake pin whenever she discussed Iraq. From then on, a tradition of pin-wearing was born. “On good days, I wore flowers and butterflies and balloons, and on bad days [I wore] spiders, [and] various horrible animals,” Albright explained. She values each individual pin for its distinctiveness, saying that each “really does have a personality.” Because of her vast collection, she even jokes, “I think I helped to bring back the costume jewelry industry.” Among a few other things, Albright mainly credits luck for the path of her career. After graduating from Wellesley College, she had her sights set on becoming a journalist, but she experienced roadblocks along the way to achieving her goals. When she and her journalist husband moved to Chicago, Albright planned on working for a newspaper. Albright recalled a time when she was explaining her career goals over dinner to her husband and his managing editor, when the editor interrupted, “‘I don’t think so, you can’t work on the same paper as your husband because of labor regulations, and you wouldn’t want to compete with your husband.’” Acknowledging the blatant sexism that she fell victim to that evening, Albright told the audience at the Legion that she “obeyed” and found new work at Encyclopaedia Britannica (“That, for some of you younger people, is a book”). After giving birth to twins while living in Long Island, Albright eventually moved her family to

Twitter post by Maddy A @madeleine photo courtesy of Madeline Albright

Madeline Albright wearing an angelic brooch. photo courtesy of Wikipedia Commons

Washington D.C. and commuted to Columbia University to complete her PhD. She then got a job working for Senator Ed Muskie in Congress as his chief legislative assistant. Later on, her former Columbia professor, National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, hired her to work with him in the Carter administration. Afterwards, she taught at Georgetown University - where she still works to this day - and then worked for the Clinton administration as U.N. Ambassador and Secretary of State. “I’m not a journalist, but things turned out pretty well,” she says with a smile. There were many times in Albright’s career when her abilities were called into question because of her female identity. Albright acknowledged the lack of women in leadership roles whom she could look up to while developing her career. “I had to kind of develop a path for myself,” she recalled. When she got to the U.N. in 1993, there were only six other women ambassadors representing other countries, out of a total of one hundred eighty-three countries who belonged to the U.N. Albright created a group called the G7 with the other women. They agreed to always take each other’s phone calls and to always get things done together, such as lobby for women judges when the War Crimes Tribunal was being created for the former Yugoslavia. “There were men that complained that I took a phone call from Liechtenstein rather than from them and I said, ‘Well, just have yourself replaced by a woman and I will always take the phone call,’” Albright recollected with a tinge of seriousness. As time passed and Albright became more well known, there was a question as to whether she could even be or handle being Secretary of

State. Albright told the audience at the Legion that “Somebody at the White House said, and I never want to know who, ‘Yeah, Madeleine’s on the list, but she’s second tier.’” When sexism ran high, racism did, too. Albright remembered people saying at the time that, “‘A woman couldn’t be Secretary of State because the Arabs would not deal with a woman.’” Despite this flagrant racism and sexism, there were people to back Albright up. In response, the Arab ambassadors of the U.N. stated, in Albright’s words, “‘We’ve had no problems dealing with Ambassador Albright, [so] we would have no problems dealing with Secretary Albright.’” It was Hillary Clinton who pushed her husband to appoint Albright as Secretary of State, as Albright was most in line with his views. “The seventh floor of the State Department has this mahogany hall with the portraits of all the Secretaries of State, and they all only differed from each other as to whether they were clean shaven or had beards… I thought to myself, ‘When my portrait goes up, the walls will shake a bit,’” Albright said. While speaking, Albright had a message for all Americans regarding gender relations. “Men and women can help each other in terms of leadership roles,” she stated. To prove her point further, Albright joked that “There are a lot of people who think the world would be better off if it were run only by women; if you think that, you’ve forgotten high school.” Jokes aside, Albright stressed the importance of women supporting other women. “There’s a special place in hell for women that do not help each other,” she said very seriously. While going to school and building her career, she found other women to be very CONTINUED ON PAGE

MADELEINE ALBRIGHT from page 18

MINIMUM WAGE

from page 6

other typical low-wage jobs. In more rural areas, more typically lowermiddle class jobs will receive a wage spike, and the effects will also be felt in the agricultural community. Certain industries are more prone to decreased employment from a higher minimum wage. The retail, agriculture, and restaurant industries, among others, have more adverse effects on employment with a higher minimum wage, whereas government jobs and most types of manufacturing, among other jobs, are less susceptible to a minimum wage increase. In 2004, Israeli professor Leif Danziger broke down the effects on employment by industry with an increased minimum wage. Looking at the employment demographics of Kings County from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and comparing them to this study reveals that 49.2% of employees work in industries that are negatively affected by minimum wage increases. In contrast, 23.1% of San Francisco jobs are in these problematic industries. In addition, the Bureau of Labor Statistics also projected 10 year job growth in Kings County in 2012—before the decision to raise the minimum wage to $15—and roughly 53.1% of projected new jobs are in industries where the average workers make below the minimum wage. These sorts of drastic changes in the average wage highlight the uncertainty and discomfort that looms from a $15 minimum wage in

Tom DeCaigny and Madeleine Albright in conversation on stage at the Legion of Honor photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

responded, stressing that the diversity of the U.S. “is what I think has made us great.” Albright went on to express her love for attending naturalisation ceremonies. She reminisced over the times she has renewed her own naturalisation vows, and when she has passed out naturalisation certificates for others. Albright recounted a time when, while passing out naturalisation papers when she was Secretary of State, she heard someone say, “Can you believe that a refugee got their naturalisation certificate from the Secretary of State?” Albright immediately responded, “Can you believe that a refugee is the Secretary of State?” Albright went on to explain to the audience at the Legion, “I think this country is enriched by those who come here and want to be citizens

and do it in a way that respects the laws of our country… We need to remember that and cherish our diversity, and we do have a great future ahead of us.” She encourages Americans to “listen to what they don’t agree with… people have only been into echo chambers,” especially because of the rise of social media and the role it played in the recent presidential election. Even though she pushes herself to listen to right-wing radio every time she gets in her car, that does not mean Albright will go so far as to attend Donald Trump’s presidential inauguration. If she were to attend, however, she would wear a pin bearing a question mark, because “I think we are unclear about whom we have elected.”

these communities. Given these concerns, some detractors of a $15 minimum wage have proposed different solutions in order to provide workers with a living wage. Billionaire investor Warren Buffett publicized the alternative of overhauling and expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit system, in which you file your income taxes and receive a government check based on your wages. This system, which many economists have also proposed, needs to be corrected to allow for monthly payments and to avoid fraud and corruption, but many view it as a superior option to drastically increasing the minimum wage. The burden shifts from businesses to the taxpayer, but a 2005 study done by Georgetown professor Nada Eissa, amongst other studies, indicates an increased level of employment in response to an increased Earned Income Tax Credit. While the idea needs to be further researched to determine if it is worth the taxpayer dollars, it addresses many of the concerns highlighted by people on both sides fighting for and against a higher

minimum wage. In the end, I believe a $15 minimum wage will be beneficial to the San Francisco community. While teen and fast food employment may slightly decrease, the total employment is not particularly vulnerable to changes in minimum wage and could slightly increase or decrease as a result of a higher minimum wage. San Francisco’s economy is similar in many ways to Seattle, who has yet to experience any adverse effects from their $15 minimum wage. The social security system will take on fewer costs as well, as those employed at minimum wage are more capable of supporting themselves at a living wage. However, I have some fears for Kings County and other rural regions in California. In places where unemployment is over 10% and the cost of living is very low, a 50% minimum wage increase has the potential for negative repercussions, especially because these places are also dominated by low wage labor and industries that have responded negatively to higher

Although Albright may have been controversial due to the way politics played out during her time in office, she assured me that there is potential for greatness in this time of American angst. Albrght’s eloquence, pride, and intelligence gave me hope. Her life is a testament to what Americans can achieve and overcome. Her stories rekindled my faith in the quintessential America for which people dream. I hope that as time passes, Madeleine Albright will continue to wear positive and patriotic pins as a sign that the optimism she has for America’s future has yet to fade away.

minimum wages in the past. Costs will undoubtedly rise, and employment will likely see some declines as well. I conclude that while the net effect on unemployment will be minimal in California, the rural communities of California are at risk to suffer from more unemployment. In these places, costs are already low, and a $15 minimum wage will significantly affect the payrolls of many local businesses and entire industries. While I can’t definitively claim that the effects will be very negative and deny the benefits of an increased minimum wage, I think for now, the minimum wage of $15 is not in the best interest of rural regions like Kings County. However, it’s important that we continue to research the effects of a higher minimum wage and to explore promising alternatives, especially considering an expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit. As of now, only time will tell.

VOICES

critical of her life choices. They would often question why she was in the library studying rather than picking her children up from school. Looking back on her life’s path, Albright emphasized that all women should be “supporting each other in the choices that we make, respecting each other’s choices, and then being supportive and working with men to make a better world.” Not only is Albright a proud feminist but a proud American immigrant. The daughter of a Czechoslovak diplomat, Albright and her family spent World War II in England. When the war was over, they went back to Czechoslovakia, and not soon after the country was engulfed by Yugoslavia and converted into Communist territory. The family then sought political asylum in the United States. Albright describes being warmly welcomed as an immigrant: “When we were in Europe, people would say, ‘We’re so sorry that your country has been taken over by Hitler. You’re welcome here. What can we do to help you, and when are you going home?’ When we came to the United States, people said, ‘We’re so sorry your country’s been taken over by a terrible system. You’re welcome here. What can we do to help you, and when will you become a citizen?’” When asked about her opinion regarding America’s future, Albright optimistically

A TALE OF TWO COUNTIES: HIGHLIGHTING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SAN FRANCISCO AND KINGS COUNTY

San Francisco

Population: 837,442 Current Minimum Wage: $13.00 Unemployment: 3.4% (6.3% in whole state) Price of Housing: 3x more than Kings County Price of Goods: 25% more than Kings County Percentage of Occupations Where 50+% of workers make less than $15: Roughly 12% Percentage of Occupations Susceptable to Minimum Wage Spikes: Approximately 23.1%

Kings County

Population: 150,960 Current Minimum Wage: $10.00 (state minimum) Unemployment: 10.8%% (6.3% in whole State) Price of Housing: 1/3 of San Francisco housing Price of Goods: 20% less than San Francisco Percentage of Occupations Where 50+% of workers make less than $15: Roughly50% Percentage of Occupations Susceptable to Minimum Wage Spikes: Approximately 49.2%

PAPER TIGER

THE FINAL WORD Op/Ed: He is Our President by Ryan Stewart ’17

ovember 8th, the least popular presidential candidate in modern history was elected my president. I had watched a campaign that was undeniably derogatory towards Muslims and Mexicans, and a candidate who has done and said horrible things to women. If that were not enough, Mr. Trump had shown a clear lack of policy understanding and an unwillingness to learn more. I sat, eyes fixed as Mr. Trump gave his acceptance speech, watching with a mix of disbelief and despondency. I went to bed that night in more pain than I’ve ever been. The next morning, I arrived at a school that was in the same pain as myself. We tried to have an all-

school conversation about what had happened, yet the feeling of despair would not dissipate, and I went home feeling the same way I had the night before. It was not until the next day that the feeling started to change. Students had planned a school walk-out in protest. Yet it was not a protest of the election of Trump or the peaceful transfer of power that was necessary in our democracy, but a protest for hope and against bigotry. We marched across the streets shouting for “love and optimism.” There were other protests that day. When we arrived at City Hall and met up with other groups of protestors, it became clear that our messages were not the same. Our message of

Donald Trump and Barack Obama met in the White House after Trump’s election photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

optimism collided with chants of “not our president.” I disagree with Mr. Trump on many if not most issues. But when I look at this situation I remember George H.W. Bush’s letter to Bill Clinton as he left the office. “You will be

our president… your success now is our country’s success.” If and when Mr. Trump goes back to bigotry, division and derogatory policies, I will stand up and fight like hell against them. Yet for the most part, I am rooting for his success. He is our president.

From the Satire Department:

Americans Vote Kanye West into the Oval Office by Jill Reilly ’17

ASHINGTON D.C. – By 11pm ET on Tuesday night, CNN had already projected that singer and fashion designer Kanye West would be the next President of the United States. The final votes were tallied and West was confirmed to have won the election early Wednesday morning. President-elect West, who insisted on giving his victory speech Monday night – before the majority of the votes had been cast – called himself “God’s vessel” and proceeded to say that he will “go down as the voice of this generation, of this decade,” and be “the loudest voice.” In the week following Election Day, critics have voiced concerns about West’s lack of confidence, calling him “soft-spoken” and “self-deprecating.” West’s manager and mother-in-law, Kris Jenner, who is also in the running to be West’s Chief of Staff, released a statement Wednesday on behalf of her son-in-law, saying that West was “humbled to have been elected and ready to collaborate with the Trump administration to facilitate the peaceful transfer of power.” Moments later, West tweeted, “I am so credible and so influential and so relevant that I will change things now. #watchoutTrump #yeezus.” Also under fire is the country’s new First Lady Kim Kardashian, who stood beside her husband in a latex bodysuit and clear Perspex boots during his victory speech at Madison Square Garden. Kardashian, who met First Lady Melania Trump on the

National Mall Thursday afternoon, was reportedly unpleasantly surprised upon realizing that the two would not be shopping. She also released a tweet, voicing her disgust: “Tfw America calls a tiny lap pool a mall. #confused.” When asked if the acclaimed series Keeping Up With the Kardashians would continue to air during West’s term, First Lady Elect Kardashian answered, “Oh like definitely.” Kardashian’s mother, Kris Jenner, sisters, Kourtney and Khloe Kardashian, half-sisters, Kendall and Kylie Jenner, Kourtney’s ex-boyfriend and baby daddy, Lord Scott Disick, and best friend, Jonathon Cheban are all reported to be preparing for the move to the White House. Kylie Jenner has already announced plans to visit the presidential dwelling via Instagram. Cosmopolitan Magazine has speculated that Kylie is working on a new lip kit collection featuring shades from the White House’s color scheme with names such as, President Yeezy, White House Party, and FLOTU$. In the week following the election, news organizations, such as CNN, Fox, TMZ, and E! have interviewed a number of West supporters, asking them why they decided to cast their vote for the president elect. Almost every interviewee agreed that he was simply more trustworthy and qualified than his opponent, Former Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi. When asked which of West’s traits she admired most, one supporter responded “He knows how to perform and that is a really important trait. I mean, when it comes

to the really serious issues, he just ignores them and talks about himself instead and that is what I’m looking for in a leader.” Another supporter noted his “dopeness” as his reason for casting a vote for West. Fellow singer Taylor Swift also voiced her support via Twitter, saying “He made me famous, so #Imwithhim.” While President Elect West has not officially announced any of his policy ideas, it is reported that West has plans to change the Pledge

of Allegiance’s line “One nation, under God” to “One nation, under Yeezus” and will be changing the national

anthem from “The Star Spangled Banner” to his hit song “Stronger,” as a “power move.” West’s fans, who voted for him on the basis of wanting change, are eagerly awaiting his swearing in in January. In the meantime, the Trump administration will be working quickly to fulfill the campaign promises that President Trump has been putting off for the past four years.

Paper Tiger Staff 2016-2017 Editors-in-Chief: Loic Marcon Bonnie Wong

Amelia Levin-Sheffield Managing Editors:

Politics:

Ryan Kimball Ryan Stewart Jill Reilly

Voices:

Ryan Kimball Elena Moore Jill Reilly

Eddie Dilworth Solenn Grainger-Monsen

Photo Editor:

Back Page:

JD LeRoy

Maya Rich

Features:

Online PT Editors-in-Chief:

Solenn Grainger-Monsen Pilar McDonald Joe Woldemichael Alexander Yeh

Tigerways:

Liv Jenks Elena Moore Zelda Perkins

Sports:

George Dicke Nicholas Harris

Amelia Levin-Sheffield Elena Moore

Online Managing Editor: Adam Barr-Neuwirth

Advisor:

Robin von Breton The Paper Tiger is a student-run newspaper, published by the Lick-Wilmerding Journalism class five times a year. All staff members write for every issue of the paper.

Arts and Leisure: Sutter Morris Coco Sachs

Paper Tiger Offices: 755 Ocean Avenue SF CA 94112 (415) 333-4021

Science & Technology:

Paper Tiger Online: www.lwhspapertiger.org

Adam Barr-Neuwirth Eddie Dilworth

We encourage guest writers to submit their work! Contact us at papertigerlwhs@gmail.com