Thein Phay Myint, Mao Zedong

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eHUomwku d f 13 ? 107 vrf;? awmifnGefU ? &efukef / ( zkef; - 12002 ) ( uefawmfuav;pmwkduf )


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10

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12

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13

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14

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&SdMuNyD; jrefrmjynfoESifY tpkd;&wkdU&JU rdwfaqGyDorIudk csD;usL;cJYMuygw,f/ w½kyfjynfESifY rdwfaqGjzpf ckdifNrJpGm aexkdifa&;rl0g'[m vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; uwnf;u ,aeYxd jrefrmEkdifiHu worwfwnf; usifYokH;aewJY rl0g'jzpfyg w,f/ tpkd;&ajymif;aomfvnf; 'Drl0g' rajymif;ygbl;/ t&if;&Sif'Drkdua&pDvkdU yDuif;a&'D,dku ac:wJY OD;Ekacgif;aqmifaom tpdk;&ESifY OD;AaqGacgif;aqmif aom tpdk;&? AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; acgif;aqmifaom tdrfapmifYtpkd;&ESifY AdkvfcsKyf BuD;ae0if; acgif;aqmifaom awmfveS af &;tpd;k & tm;vH;k [m 'Dr0l g'udk usiYf o;kH MuwmyJ/ ,ckrS yDuif;tpdk;&ESifY yDuif;a&'D,dkwkdUu azgufjyefaom ae0if;tpdk;&? w½kyq f efYusiaf &; zufqpftpd;k & ponfjzifY b,favmufemrnfq;dk awG ay;ay;? orkdif;&JU trSefudkawmY rzHk;Ekdifbl;As/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpD&JU aMum½dk;r@KdifjzpfwJU ArmYwyfrawmfESifY awmfvSef a&;aumifpD&JU Ouú|jzpfwJU AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;wkdU[m txufrSm az:jycJUwJY w½kyfArm rdwfaqGjzpf ckdifrma&;vkyfief;awG? vIyf&Sm;rIawGESifY rl0g'awGudk wavQmufv;kH axmufct H m;ay;Mu½Hrk u a&SUwef;uaeNyD; yg0ifaqmif&u G cf YJ Mu w,f/ bH&k efol w½kyjf zLudk &Gy&f yG cf RcH RH wku d cf u dk cf YJwm b,fov l ?J ArmYwyfrawmf yg/ tcuftcJ qHk;jzwfaom ESpfEkdifiHMum;rSm rNyD;rajy usefaewJY e,fedrdwf jyóem[m b,foYl acgif;aqmifrjI zifY NyD;jywfomG ;cJYovJ? Adv k cf sKyfBuD;ae0if;&JU acgif;aqmifrI jzpfygw,f/ 'Dorkid ;f awGukd emrnfq;dk trsK;d rsKd ; ay;jcif;jzifY azsmuf zsufvkdY r&ygbl;/ w½kyfacgif;aqmifawG[m 'gYaMumifY AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;udk w½kyfjynfol awG&UJ ppfreS af om rdwaf qGBuD; tjzpfjzifY csD;usL;cJYMuw,f/ awmfveS af &;tpk;d & wufvmwJUtcgrSm Adv k cf sKyfBuD;ae0if;&JU acgif;aqmifrjI zifY w½kyAf rm rdwaf qG jzpf qufqHa&; ydk wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmrnf[k ,HkMunfaMumif; rMumcP ajymqkdMuw,f/ jrefrm½kyf&SifMunfh y&dowf[m vGefcJUwJY ESpfESpfwkef;u w½kyf jynfoUl or®wEdik if o H Ukd Adv k cf sKyfBuD;ae0if; c&D;oGm;cJYwUJ ½ky&f iS o f wif;um;rsm;udk owd&aeMuwke;f yg/ or®w vla&SmufcsED iS Yf 0efBuD;csKyf csLtifvikd ;f wkUd ud, k w f idk f jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

15

vku d yf Ukd aom aeYrsm;? ½Icif;rsm;ESiYf vIu d v f u dI v f v JS JS NyHK;NyHK;&Ti&f iT f BudKqkad umif;cs;D ay;aeMuaom w½kyfjynfolvlxkudk jrifa,mifaeMuygw,f/ vGecf YJ aom tcgrsm;u w½kyjf ynfoal wGEiS Yf w½kyjf ynfoUl acgif;aqmifawG [m Nidr;f csr;f pGm ,SOw f aJG exkid af &;rlukd aumif;pGm oabmaygufMuw,f/ rSeu f ef pGm usifYoHk;cJYMuw,f/ tdrfeD;em;csif;aumif; 0g'udk vufudkifxm;Muw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;vdkvm;oavmuf rdwfaqGjzpfa&;udk tm;ay;Muw,f/ 'gaMumifY Nidrf;csrf;pGm ,SOfwGJaexkdifa&; rlrsm;udk waoGrwdrf; vkdufemusifYoHk;aeaom tdref ;D em;csi;f aumif; jrefrmEkid if EH iS Yf jrefrmacgif;aqmifrsm;udk txl;cspMf unf&if; ES;D pGm aqGrsKd;aygufazmfozG,f qufqMH uw,f/ ,aeYvyJ J w½kyjf ynfov l x l &k UJ oabmxm;ESifY qE´uawmY 'Dtwkdif;yJ qufvuf&SdvdrfYr,fvkdU jrefrmjynfol awGu ,HkMunfMuw,f/ ,aeY ] &mZ0ifpOfvm w½kyfArm rdwfaqG&if;csm } qkdwJU tajctae ysufjym;awmYrnfvm;vkdY pkd;&drf&avmufatmif jzpfvmjcif; [m w½kyfacgif;aqmifrIqkdif&m jzpfysuf&yfrsm;aMumifY jzpfwJYtwGuf ,m,D oabmom aqmifw,fvYkd em;vnfxm;Muw,f/ bmYaMumifY w½kyaf cgif;aqmif rIqidk &f m jzpfysu&f yfrsm;u ESpEf idk if q H ufqaH &;udk ,aeYtajctaeodYk ydUk aqmifcYJ ovJqkdwm uRefawmf qufaqG;aEG;csifw,fAsm/

urÇmYawmfvSefa&;\ A[kd[laom tpGJ

4-7-67 aeYxkwf Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmrSm atmufygtwkdif; uRefawmf a&;cJYw,f/ armfpw D ;kH yk*v ¾d q f nf;uyf ud;k uG,af &;0g'? 'D0g'udk udik pf NJG yD; w½kyjf ynfwiG ;f tmPmvkyrJG mS tEkid Bf uJ&ef BudK;pm;aeolrsm;? 'D0g'ukd wurÇmvH;k u wckwnf; aom trSew f &m;tjzpfjzifY vufcaH tmifvyk &f ef[al om aqmify'k jf zifY vlrsK;d BuD; tEdkifusifY0g'udk vufawGUusifYoHk;aeolrsm;ESifY axmufcH tm;ay;aeolrsm;? jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


16

ode;f azjrifY

aESmuf,SufzsufqD; aeMujcif;aMumifY tJ'DY ] &mZ0ifpOfvm w½kyfArm rdwfaqG &if;csm } qdkwJU tajctae ysufjym;oGm;rSmavvm;[k txl;pkd;&drfrdw,fAsm } wJY/ 1960 ckESpfavmufxd armfpDwHk;acgif;aqmifwJY w½kyfuGefjrLepfygwDrSm tajccHtrSm;&,fvkdU uRefawmfrjrifrdbl;As/ 1949 ckESpfu uRefawmfa&;cJYwJU ] armfpDwHk; oifMum;csufrsm; } qkdwJY pmtkyfudk rMumcifu uRefawmf jyefzwf Munfw h ,f/ xdpk mtkyrf mS a&;xm;wmawG vH;k 0rSew f ,fvYkdyJ uReaf wmf,q l w,f/ 1949 ckEpS x f d w½kyjf ynfoUl vGwaf jrmufa&;wku d yf rGJ sm;udk acgif;aqmifraI y;cJYwYJ armfpDwHk;&JU oifMum;csufrsm;[m rSefuefNyD; rsm;pGm wefzdk;&Sdw,f/ 1948 ckESpf w½kyfjynfolUor®wEkdifiH wnfaxmifNyD; qdk&S,fvpfpepfudk ul;ajymif;&ef Mum; umv vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&mrSm acgif;aqmifrIay;cJYwJY armfpDwHk; oifMum; csuf rsm;[mvJ rSefuefNyD; vGefpGm wefzdk;&Sdygw,f/ onfhaemufawmY ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfwJY qdk&S,fvpfpepf vufawGUwnf aqmufa&; jyóemrsm;ESifY ywfoufNyD; armfpDwHk;&JU yifukd,fta&;tom;rsm;? rdefYcGef;rsm;? ñTefMum;csufrsm; rawGU&awmYbl;Asm/ w½kyfuGefjrLepfygwD&JU oabmw&m;cH,lcsuf? 0g'vrf;pOf ponfrsm;rSm uRefawmf vufrcHEkdifwJYtcsufawG awGUpjyKvmw,f/ r[m[ef; (0g ) r[m w½kyf (Greater Hun ) [laom t,ltqw&yfudk wnfaxmifNyD; wdbufawG? rGe*f akd wGukd r[mw½kyx f J xnfv h mw,f/ wdbufuvJ w½ky?f w½kyv f J wdbuf pwJY r[mw½kyf0g'aMumifY wdbufrSm w½kyfuGefjrLepfrsm;[m w½kyfjynfolU awmfvSefa&;bufodkY ygvmcJYwJY wdbuftrsKd;om; tiftm;pktcsKdUESifY y#dyu© jzpfvmw,f/ 'vdik ;f vm;rm; OD;pD;wJY ykeu f efrI jzpfvmwJYtcgrSm xkpd Ofu w½kyf &JU t&if;ESD;qHk;aom? uGefjrLepfr[kwfaom rdwfaqGjzpfcJYwJY tdEd´,jynfESifY y#dyu©awG jzpfvmw,f/ wdbufolykefukd tdEd´,tpkd;&u ajr§mufyifY tm;ay; w,fvdkU qkdvmw,f/ ae½l;tpkd;&udk tma&AsrS tif'dkeD;&Sm;txd? oD[kd|frS wdbuftxd? e,fcsJU&efBuHaewJY azmufjyefa&;tpd;k & jzpfw,fvYdk owfrw S v f m w,f/ vGepf mG wif;rmvmwJY 'DtajctaerSm ESpEf idk if pH yfMum;&Sd e,ferd w d jf yóem [m apYpyfr&atmif ½Iyaf xG;oGm;w,f/ vufeufuikd f y#dyu© aygufuo JG nftxd jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

17

ygyJ/ 'D tdEd´, w½kyf y#dyu©Mum;rSm w½kyfuGefjrLepfygwD&JU xl;jcm;wJY enf; y&d,m,f wckudk awGUvm&jyefw,f/ ] igESifYrwl igY&efol/ igY&efoludk &efrrl olonf igYrdwfaqGr[kwf } [laom enf;y&d,m,f aumufcsuf jzpfygw,f/ tdEd´,ESifY w½kyf y#dyu©jzpfae&mrSm ] uGefjrLepf ppfrSefvQif odkYr[kwf awmf vSefa&;orm;jzpfvQif Mum;rae&? w½kyfbufrS ae&r,f } vdkY ZGwfawmif;qkd vmygw,f/ uGejf rLepfr[kwaf om olwYdk EiS Yf awmfveS af &;orm;[k r,lqaom olrsm;u Mum;aevQif onf;cHygao;w,f/ uGefjrLepftcsif;csif;qkdvQif? awmf vSeaf &;orm;qkv d Qif olwYkd onf;rcHawmYb;l / tJ'D tcsed u f pNyD; qdAk , d uf,el , D H ESifY p uGJMuwmygyJ/ w½kyftdEd´, rdwfaqGjzpf toif;? w½kyfArm rdwfaqGjzpf toif; ponfrsm;udkvJ rdwfaqGppf&if w½kyfudk axmufcH&r,fvkdY awmif;qkd vmMuw,f/ 'D enf;y&d,m,fopf[m wcgwkef;u w½kyfuGefjrLepfygwD atmifjrifpGm usifYoHk;cJYwJY ] &efolbuf ygaeoludk Mum;aeatmifvkyf? Mum;aeoludk ukd,fY bufygatmif odrf;oGif; } qkdwJY enf;y&d,m,fa[mif;ESifY vGefpGmjcm;em;ae aMumif; awGU&ygw,f/ aemufusawmY tajccHoabmw&m; cH,lcsufESifY 0g'awG a&GUvsm;vmjyef w,f/ vlUavmu wkd;wufa&;ordkif;udk odyÜHenf;usus Munfhjrifolwkdif;? urÇmY awmfveS af &;udk ,HMk unfvufcMH uw,f/ ,cktcg urÇmYt&if;&Sif pepfuaeNyD; urÇmYq&dk , S v f pfpepfoYkd tjrpfrS vSeNf yD; ul;ajymif;aejcif;[m urÇmYawmfveS af &; BuD;ygyJ/ odkYaomf 'D urÇmYawmfvSefa&;BuD;[m EkdifiHwkdif;rSm wyHkpHwnf;ESifY jzpfyGm;vdrfYr,fvkdY r,lqMuygbl;/ umv a'o ya,m*trsdK;rsKd;aMumifY yHkpH trsKd;rsKd;ESifY jzpfyGm;vdrfYr,fvkdY ,HkMunfMuw,f/ urÇmYawmfvSefa&;ukd ,HkMunfMuolrsm;teuf A[kdESifY ywfoufNyD; t,l tq uGv J mw,f/ ,cifuawmY b,fA[ku d rkd S todtrSwrf jyKyJ ud, k YfawmfveS f a&; udk,fvkyfaeolrsm;ESifY qdkAd,uf,leD,Hudk A[kd tjzpfjzifY todtrSwfjyKol jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


18

ode;f azjrifY

rsm;&,fvYdk &Scd YJw,f/ uGejf rLepfEiS Yf tvkyo f rm;ygwDrsm;u urÇmYawmfveS af &;&JU trmcHtiftm;[m urÇmYqkd&S,fvpf tiftm;pkjzpfw,f/ tm&S? tmz&du? vufwiftar&du EkdifiHrsm;&JU trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; awmfvSefa&;[m t&H tiftm;jzpfw,f/ urÇmYqdk&S,fvpf tiftm;pk&JU ausm½dk;r@dKif[m qkdAd,uf ,leD,H jzpfw,f/ armfpDwHk;udk,fwkdif wcgwkef;u ajymcJYwJYtwkdif; ajym&&if qkAd , d uf,el , D u H vufco H nfjzpfap? vufrcHonfjzpfap? tjcm;olwUdk u tod trSwfjyKonfjzpfap? rjyKonfjzpfap orkdif;jzpfpOf 'd|"r® tajctaersm;u qkdAd,uf,leD,Hudk urÇmYawmfvSefa&;&JU A[kdcsufr tjzpfjzifYvnf;aumif;? qkdAd,uf,leD,H uGefjrLepfygwDudk urÇmYawmfvSefa&; acgif;aqmif tjzpfjzifY vnf;aumif; wifajr§mufxm;onfvkdY tqkd&Sdygw,f/ vGefcJYaom av;ig;ESpfu pNyD; onftqkdudk w½kyfuGefjrLepfygwDu jyKjyif ajymif;vJvmygw,f/ urÇmYawmfveS af &;rkew f idk ;f BuD;[m tm&S? tmz&du? vuf wiftar&du trsKd;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; awmfveS af &;BuD;odYk ul;ajymif;vmcJYNyD; w½kyfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH[m xkd rkefwkdif;BuD;&JU A[dkcsufaAG jzpfvmw,fvkdY qkd vkdufygw,f/ 'gUaMumifY ,aeY urÇmYawmfvSefa&;&JU acgif;aqmif tzGJUtpnf;[m w½kyf uGejf rLepfygwDjzpfNyD; urÇmYawmfveS af &;acgif;aqmifBuD;[m Ouú|BuD; armfpw D ;kH jzpfvmygw,f/ 'DawmfvSefa&; oabmw&m;opfudk tajccH tkwfjrpfcsNyD; armfpDwHk; yk*dK¾ vf qnf;uyf udk;uG,frI 0g'udk xlaxmifMuw,fAsm/ armfpDwHk; yk*Kd¾ vf qnf;uyf udk;uG,frI 0g'twGuf tjcm; tajccH tkwfjrpf wckudkvJ csvkdufao;w,f/ olwdkU[m urÇmYawmfvSefa&; A[dkcsufaAGudk w½kyfjynfodkU ul;ajymif;o,f ,l½rkH u w½kyu f eG jf rLepfygwDEiS Yf Ouú| armfpw D ;kH udk urÇmYawmfveS af &;&JU acgif; aqmiftzGJUtpnf;ESifY acgif;aqmifBuD; tjzpfjzifY wifajr§mufvkduf½Hkru w½kyf jynfow l Ydk&UJ awmfveS af &;yHpk [ H m tjcm;Ekid if rH sm;u waoGrwdr;f vku d ef mMu&rnfh wckwnf;aom awmfvSefa&;yHkpHtjzpfjzifY owfrSwfvkdufMuw,f/ armfpDwHk; jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

19

0g't& awmfvSefa&;[m wyHkpHwnf;om jzpfoGm;w,f/ 1924-27 rS 1949 ckESpftxd w½kyfjynfolwkdU&JU tawGUtBuHK? w½kyfjynfolUawmfvSefa&; orkdif; jzpfpOfESifY ¤if;wkdYtay:rSm armfpDwHk; xifjrif,lqcsuf? oGefoifcsufrsm;[m olUumv olYa'oESifY [yfrdNyD; rSefaom trSefw&m;rsm;om r[kwfawmYyJ umv a'ora&G; tm;vHk;twGuf trSefw&m;rsm; jzpfoGm;w,f/ w½kyfjynfolYawmfvSefa&; erlemtwkdif; awmfvSefa&; wyHkpHwnf;jzpfwYJ twGuf wpftcsuftm;jzifY vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&; jzpf&r,f/ ESpftcsuf uGejf rLepfygwDu vH;k 0acgif;aqmifrI &&r,f/ oH;k tcsuf uGejf rLepfygwDacgif; aqmifwYJ jynfoUl nDnw G af &; wyfaygif;pk &S&d r,f/ av;tcsuf uGejf rLepfygwD OD;pD; csKyfudkifxm;wJY jynfolUwyfrawmfESifY t&H ajymufusm;wyfrsm; &Sd&r,f/ ig;tcsuf awm&Gmaus;vufrmS tajccHNyD; awmfveS af &;[m NrdKUBuD;rsm;udk 0kid ;f rd xm;onfrS odr;f ydu k rf o d nftxd csw D ufomG ;&r,f/ ajcmuftcsuf vGwaf jrmuf aom a'orsm; xlaxmif&r,f ponfjzifY w&m;ao pGJNrJ cH,lxm;Muw,f/ 'DyHkpHtwkdif; r[kwf&if jynfolYawmfvSefa&; r[kwfawmYbl;vdkY owfrSwf xm;Muw,f/ 'DypkH rH S ty tjcm;awmfveS af &;yHpk u H kd wDxiG q f ifEMJT u&if b,fenf; ESifYrQ atmifjrifrnfr[kwf/ rmYufpfvDeif0g'rS aoGzDolawG? ,ckacwf rmYufpf vDeif0g' txGwftxdyfjzpfwJY armfpDwHk;0g'udk qefYusifolawG? opömazguf tacsmiform;awG? awmfvSefa&; ypfajy;olawG jzpfukefMuw,f/ olwUkd [m qkid &f mvkyo f m;jynfoal wGEiS Yf vkyo f m;jynfoal cgif;aqmifawGu ud, k Yf umv? ud, k Yf a'o? uk, d Yf tajctaeMunfNh yD; awmfveS af &;yHpk u H dk csrSw&f ef cGiYfrjyKMubl;/ olwUdk &JU awmfveS af &;yHpk u H o kd m wckwnf;aom trSew f &m;tjzpf jzifY twif;oGif;Muw,f/ w½kyfvJ wdbuf? wdbufvJ w½kyf pwJY r[m[ef (0g) r[mw½kyf0g'ESifY awmfvSefa&;wyHkpHwnf; 0g'[m wqufxJyJ/ awmfveS af &; tpd;k &ESiYf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD Nidr;f csrf;a&;twGuf awGUqHk aqG;aEG;MupOfwek ;f u aqG;aEG;yJyG sujf ym;NyD; Nidr;f csr;f a&;ratmifwm taMumif;rJY r[kwb f ;l / w½kyjf ynfjyef uGejf rLepfacgif;aqmifrsm;ESiYf ocifoef;xGe;f wkYd [m ArmYawmfvSefa&;jzpfpOfudk w½kyfawmfvSefa&;yHkpHtwkdif; MunfhjrifMuNyD; w½kyf jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


20

ode;f azjrifY

uGefjrLepf&JU awmfvSefa&;wyHkpHwnf; oabmw&m;udk pGJpGJNrJNrJ vufcHusifYoHk; oGm;Mujcif;aMumifY jzpfw,f/ 'gYaMumiYf olwYkd [m ygwDO;D aqmifr&I atmif tydk jzpfwJY 6-c½dkif Nidrf;csrf;a&; qE´jyyJGBuD;rsm; vkyfMujcif;jzpfw,f/ 'gYaMumifY olwYkd vufeufuikd o f ;D jcm;wyf? olwYdk oD;jcm;vGwaf jrmufa&;e,fajr ponfwYdk udk qufvufxm;cGiYfjyKap&ef awmif;qkcd surf sm;udk wifjyjcif;jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifY olwYkd[m olwUdk awmif;qkcd suu f o dk m awmfveS af &;tpk;d &u vku d af vsmvku d v f Qif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H tpdwpf w d t f rTmrTm uGo J mG ;rnfukd jrifEidk pf rG ;f r&SMd ujcif; jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifY olwdkYESifY olwkdYq&mBuD;rsm;[m awmfvSefa&;wyHkpHwnf; t,ltqESiYf qefYusiaf eaom jrefrmenf;? jrefrmY[efjzifY qk&d , S v f pfacwfajymif; awmfvSefa&; qifETJjcif;udk b,fvkdwGufwGuf atmifjrifrnfvkdY rxifMujcif; jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifYvJ awmfveS af &;tpd;k &udk olwYdk&UJ vlwef;pm;oH;k oyfcsuEf iS Yf awmfveS af &;tpd;k &qefYusiaf &; vrf;pOfrsm;[m ,HEk idk pf &mr&Sad tmif vGrJ mS ;aejcif; jzpfw,f/ w½kyfjynfolY awmfvSefa&;yHkpHudk wckwnf;aom yHkpHtjzpfjzifY vufcHxm; olrsm;tzdkY 1924-27 rS 1949 txd rSefuefxGef;ajymifcJYwJY armfpDwHk;&JU ta&; tom;? tqkt d rdeYfrsm;? tawG;tac:rsm;[m pMum0|mwckv;kH rSm ypfrvGJ toH;k cs &ef wckwnf;aom trSew f &m;jzpfvmNyD; armfpw D ;kH [m olwYkd&UJ wqlwnf;aom bk&m;jzpfvmcJYw,f/ 'gaMumifY awmfveS af &; wyHpk w H nf;[laom t,ltq[m armfpDwHk; yk*dK¾ vf qnf;uyfudk;uG,frI&JU tajccHwck jzpfvmjcif;ygAsm/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ,SOfwGJaexkdifjcif;udk y,fjcif;

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22

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26

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armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

27

awG tvQHy,f ayg<u,f0rS vkyjf zpfrnfh uGejf rLepfpepftqifYukd xGew f ;kH xGew f H tqifYrSaeNyD; ckefwuf&ef BudK;pm;cJYw,f/ tdrfaygufapY tdrfaemufaz; yef;yJzkd awG wnfapNyD; oHrPdxw k v f yk rf I ckeyf sHausmfwuf&ef tm;xkwcf YJ w,f/ acwfrDS oHrPdpuf½HkBuD;awG wnfaqmuf&wmu Mumoudk;/ 'gaMumifY apmifYraeEkdif bl;/ w½kyfjynfqkd&S,fvpf wnfaqmufa&;rSm ckefysHausmfvTm;wkd;wufa&; [laom aqmify'k jf zifY awmfveS af &;t&Sed t f [keu f kd ZGwjf r§iYfwifcYJwm b,favmuf atmifw,f? ratmifbl;? b,favmuf jrwfw,f? ½HI;w,fqkdwm uRefawmfwkdY wyftyfrodbl;As/ od&wmwckuawmY pD;yGm;a&; 5 ESpfpDrHudef;rsm;udk &yfqkdif; xm;vku d &f jcif;ygyJ/ ,aeYxv d J pD;yGm;a&;pDru H ed ;f vsmxm;csuf ude;f *Pef;rsm; NyD;rNyD; pm&if;tif;rsm;? oH;k oyfcsurf sm; rxkwaf 0awmYb;l / w½kyjf ynfp;D yGm;a&; tajctae wk;d wufaumif;rGev f suf&ydS gw,f qkw d YJ a,bk,s ausnmcsufrsm; ESifY &mckdkifEIef;rsm;avmufom xkwfjyefaeawmYw,f/ aus;vufawm&Gmrsm;rSm wnfaxmifcJYwJY uGefjrL;efrsm;udkawmY jyefNyD; jyifqifcJYygw,f/ a&SUavmBuD;NyD; vGefxm;wmawGudk avQmYcsvkdufw,f/ ,ck tcg trnftm;jzifY uGefjrL;efvkdY qufac:aeaomfvJ tqifYjrifY pkdufysKd;a&;? or0g,rESifY pkaygif; v,f,majrtqifYavmufom &Sdygw,f/ ukefxkwfvkyfrI vufeufud&d,m rjynfhpHkyJ ckefysHausmfvTm;&ef bmYaMumifY tm;xkwfcJYovJ/ vlOD;a& oef;aygif; 700 aMumifY rmefwufNyD; armfpDwHk;&JU tawG;tac:udk pdwf0g'vTrf;oGm;jcif;aMumifY jzpfygw,f/ w½kyfvlOD;a& oef; 700 &SdNyD; vlOD;a& BuD;rm;vGef;jcif;ESifY vlOD;a& wkd;yGm; EIe;f vQijf refveG ;f jcif;ESiYf ywfoufNyD; w½kyu f eG jf rLepfygwDxrJ mS t,ltqESprf sK;d &Sdw,f/ wrsKd;uawmY rsm;vGef;tm;BuD;w,f/ pm;0wfae tqifYtwef;udk xdxad &mufa&muf jr§iYfwifEidk &f ef ukex f w k v f yk rf pI rG ;f tm; wk;d wufrEI eI ;f ESiYf vlO;D a& wk;d wufrEI eI ;f udk o[Zmwjzpf&ef w½kyv f Ol ;D a&wk;kd wufru I kd uefYowf&r,fvYdk ,lqw,f/ usew f rsK;d uawmY armfpw D ;kH &JU t,ltqyJ/ ]] vl[m tzd;k twefq;kH aom t&if;tESD;ypönf;jzpfw,f/ vlESifY &if;ESD;vm&if bmrqkd jzpf&r,f/ 'g jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


28

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armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

29

ajymif; awmfvSefa&;qkdif&mü vnf;aumif;? urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&;qkdif&mü vnf; aumif;? oabmw&m; t,ltqrSm;rsm;? rl0g'trSm;rsm;ESifY vrf;pOftrSm;rsm; aMumifY w½kyfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH[m qkd&S,fvpfEkdifiHtrsm;pkESifYvnf;aumif;? urÇmYueG jf rLepfEiS Yf tvkyo f rm;ygwD trsm;pkEiS Yf vnf;aumif;? zGUH NzdK;wk;d wufqJ xGe;f opfpEkid if rH sm;ESiYf vnf;aumif;? urÇmYNidr;f csrf;a&; uGe*f &uf? urÇmYtvkyf orm;rsm;tzGUJ csKy?f urÇmY'rD u dk &ufwpfvil ,fEiS Yf ausmif;om;rsm;tzGUJ csKyf paom urÇmYvlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS trsm;pkESifYvnf;aumif; uGJjym;uif;uGmcJY&w,f/ jynfwiG ;f rSmvJ qk&d , S v f pfp;D yGm;a&;pDru H ed ;f rsm;ESiYf rSerf eS Bf uD; wk;d wuf&rnht f pm; pDrHudef;rsm; &yfqkdif;xm;&NyD; pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufrI ajcvSrf;rrSef? wufolwuf? usolus? OD;axmifyYJ eif; z½dzk &JawGjzpfvmw,f/ w½kyjf ynfoYl awmfveS af &;BuD; atmifjrifNyD; 15 ESpaf vmuftMumrSm tvkyo f rm;awGEiS Yf awmifov l ,form; awGu pm;0wfaea&; tqifYjrifY&efawmif;qdkvQif pD;yGm;a&; ½kyfMurf;0g'jzpf w,f/ rawmif;oifYbl;/ awmfvSefa&;? EkdifiHa&;todw&m;udk a&SUwef;xm;NyD; tqif;&J cH&r,f/ aexkdifpm;aomufa&;rSm pGefYvTwfjcif;trsKd;rsKd; vkyf&r,f/ aumif;aumif;ae? aumif;aumif;pm;? aumif;aumif;0wf&ef tm;xkwfjcif;[m t&if;&Si0f g'odYk jyefjcif;? jyefvnfjyifqifa&;0g' oGwo f iG ;f jcif;jzpfw,f paom toHrsm;udk Mum;ae&jcif;[m armfpw D ;kH &JU ckeyf sHausmfvmT ; wk;d wufjcif;udk o½kyf aqmifovdk jzpfaew,fAsm/

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30

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armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

31

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32

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wifjyaecJYw,f/ ygwDwGif; *dkPf;*P tkyfpkwkdufyGJESifY tmPmvkyGJrsm;rSm vla&SmufcsDwUdk udk qefYusifaom tkypf [ k m armfpw D ;kH yk*K¾d vf qnf;uyfu;kd uG,rf I 0g'udk trsm;qH;k toH;k csMuw,f/ wenf;ajym&&if vla&SmufcsDwYdk ukd armfpw D ;kH ESifY udkifaygufwmygyJ/ armfpDwHk;uvJ tvkdwl tvkdyg jzpfcJYw,f/ vla&SmufcsDwkdUu ygwDwGif;rSm pnf;urf;wuswkdufw,f/ olwdkUukd qefYusifoal wGu armfpw D ;kH yk*K¾d vf qnf;uyfu;kd uG,rf 0I g'udk tvHxNl yD; ygwD wGif;ESifY ygwDyrSm wkdufMuw,f/ 'gESifYvJ rvHkavmufao;bl;/ ygwDESifY EkdifiH awmf tmPmxJrSm vla&SmufcsDwkdUu ckdifrmpGm ajcukwfpcef;awG ,lxm;EkdifMu w,f/ 'gaMumifY ygwDOuú|BuD; armfpDwHk;[m ygwDtjyifrSm tm;opfarG;xkwfNyD; wkduf&ef pDpOfvkdufw,f/ oabmw&m;a&;? rl0g'a&;? vrf;pOfa&;qkdif&m vufeufopf wckudkvJ xkwfvkdufw,f/ tJ'D vufeufopfuawmY ] r[mypönf;rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&; } qkdwm jzpfw,f/ ygwDjyifyrSm arG;xkwfvkdufwJY tm;opfuawmY wyfeDawGjzpfw,f/ acgif;aqmifrsm;taeESiYf q&dk if armfpw D ;kH ? vifajymif ponfwYdku wpkjzpfNyD;? vla&SmufcsD? wifa&Smufyif; ponfwkdYu wpkjzpfoGm;w,f/ r[mypönf;rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&; qkdwm[m *dkPf;*P wkdufyGJESifY tmPmvkyt JG wGuf uwdu k u f ½du k f rD;jyif;xk;kd NyD; vkyv f u dk &f wJU vufeufjzpfwYJ twGuf odyf raooyfb;l / ,cifwek ;f u armfpw D ;kH vuf&mrsm;ESiYf vGepf mG jcm;em; w,f/ ,cifwek ;f uqk&d if armfpw D ;kH [m ygwDudk oabmw&m;a&; vufeufwck wyfqifawmYr,fq&dk if ] nGeYf aygif;tpd;k &ESiYf ywfoufí }? ] jynfoYl 'Dru dk a&pD tmPm&Sipf epf } ponfjzifY usr;f wapmif aywzGUJ jzpfomG ;atmif a&;xkwv f u dk f w,f/ okdYr[kwf pmwrf;wck? tpD&ifcHpmwck tjzpfjzifY wifjyvkdufw,f/ ,ckawmY r[mypönf;rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&;qkdwm 'Dvkdr[kwfbl;/ [kdwp? onfwcGe;f ? a&;wm? om;wm? ajymwm? ñTeMf um;wmawGukd pkaygif;NyD; em;vnf Mu&w,f/ 'gaMumifYvJ 'Dq;kH jzwfcsuf[mjzifY armfpw D ;kH ud, k w f idk f a&;ygw,f/ jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

33

olYrdef;r csefcsif;ajymwm[mjzifY armfpDwHk;&JU tawG;tac:ESifY teD;pyfqHk;yg ponfjzifY t|uxm? #Dum q&mawGu aemufuvku d jf cif; jzpfygw,f/ 'DawmY um 'Dvufeufudk udkifpGJwJY wyfeDawG[m tvGeftuRHawGjzpfNyD; acgif;aqmif BuD;rsm;u ywfr cPcP wkwaf y;Mu&jcif; jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifY r[mypön;f rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&;qkdwmudk acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;u ( ywfr rwkwfcif) rxdef;odrf;rDu wrsKd;? xdef;odrf;NyD;rS wrsKd;? ESpfrsKd; em;vnfMu&w,f/ r[mypönf;rJY,Ofaus;rI awmfvSefa&;qkdwm[m a[mif;jrif;aomtawG; tac: t,ltq? a[mif;jrif;aom "avYx;kH pH? ya'o&mZfEiS Yf t&if;&Sif tawG; tac:t,ltq? xHk;pH"avYESifY ,Ofaus;rI [lorQudk qefYusifwkdufzsuf&ef jzpfw,fvYdk qkyd gw,f/ qdAk , D uf ,Ofaus;rIe,fy,frmS qdAk , D uf jyefvnfjyKjyif a&;0g' MoZmvTr;f aewJYtwGuf 'gukv d J qefYusiw f u dk cf u dk &f r,fvYkd qkyd gw,f/ ya'o&mZf,Ofaus;rIukd t<uif;rJY okwo f if&iS ;f vif;&r,fqw dk YJ a<u;aMumf oH[m a&S;ola[mif;awG acwftqufqufu jyKpyk sK;d axmifxm;cJYwYJ ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfrsm;udk ypfy,fqefYusifjcif; jzpfvmw,f/ t&if;&Sif,Ofaus;rIESifY qkAd , D ufjyefvnfjyKjyifa&; ,Ofaus;rIukd t<uif;rJY okwo f if &Si;f vif;&r,fqdk wJY a<u;aMumfoH[m EkdifiHjcm;,Ofaus;rI[lorQ ( wkd;wufaom EkdifiHjcm; ,Ofaus;rIawG tygt0if) qefYusifwkdufzsufjcif; jzpfvmw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmvJ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk umva'o taMumif;rsm;ESifY uyfNyD; qifjcifo;kH oyfjcif; rjyKaMumif; awGU&jyefw,f/ ,aeYxd usef&pfwnfwYH aewJY ,Ofaus;rI a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpfawG[m olUacwf olYtcsdef? umva'o tavsmuf vltrsm;udk aus;Zl;jyKcJYvYdk odYkuvkd use&f pfwnfwYHaejcif; jzpfw,f/ ,ckacwfval wGu uk, d Yfumv a'o taMumif;rsm;ESiYf avsmn f pD mG xkw, f jl yKjyif NyD; oH;k pG&J efom jzpfw,f/ Edik if jH cm; ,Ofaus;rIrsm;rSmvJ olYacwf olYumva'o tavsmuf wk;d wufwmawG &Sw d ,f/ 'gawGukd ud, k YfEidk if H umva'o tajctae ESiYf avsmn f pD mG xkw, f l jyKjyif oH;k pGMJ u&efom jzpfw,f/ r[mypön;f rJY ,Ofaus;rI awmfveS af &;qdw k YJ vufeufukd udik pf o JG l wyfev D il ,fuav;awG[m 'Doabmudk jrifEkdifpGrf; r&SdMubl;/ jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


34

ode;f azjrifY

'gYaMumifY wyfeDawG[m tvGeftuRHawG vkyfukefMuw,f/ r[mypönf;rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&; tpydkif;wkef;u wyfeDawG[m w½kyfjynf trsKd;om; tEkynmjywkdufrsm; 0ifNyD; a&S;a[mif;yef;csDum;BuD;rsm;? yef;ykvuf&mrsm;ESifY tjcm;aom tEkynm ypönf;rsm;udk zsufqD;Muw,f/ Ak'¨½kyfqif;wkrsm;? w½kyf &[EÅm ½kyq f if;wkrsm;ESiYf a&S;ynm&SBd uD;awG&UJ ½kyw f rk sm;udk NzdKcGMJ uw,f/ aumif; aumif;rGefrGef om;om;em;em; aeol [lorQudk t&if;&Sifazmufjyefa&;orm;? odYkr[kwf jyefvnfjyifqifa&;orm;&,fvYkd orkwNf yD; olwYdktrd af y:rS pE´,m;rsm; udk qGJcs? bDodkAif? rdkZwf paom q&mBuD;rsm;\ "mwfjym;rsm;udk ½dkufcGJ? OD;cRef aom ½I;zdeyfudk tcRwfckdif; ponfjzifY tvGeftuRHawG jzpfukefw,f/ acgif;aqmifvyk o f rl sm;u renf;BuD; ywfrwkw, f &l w,f/ 'gESiYfawmif xde;f r& csifao;bl;/ ,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&;qdkwm tawG;tac: ajymif;vJa&;ESifY qkdifw,f/ oabmw&m;a&;? t,l0g'a&; wku d yf jJG zpfw,f/ 'DawmYum tu,fíom ppfreS f aom ypönf;rJY,Ofaus;rI awmfvSefa&;vkyfcsif&if ygwDtaeESifY vnf;aumif;? vlxv k w l ef;pm; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;taeESiYf vnf;aumif; ynmay;a&; odr;f oGi;f a&; vkyfief;rsm;udk wnfwnfNidrfNidrf? pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf onf;cHpdwftjynfhESifY vkyf&rnfomjzpfw,f/ ckawmY 'Dvkdr[kwfbl;/ vli,fausmif;om;awGudk tHk<uatmif vIHUqGay;NyD; vlxkESifY tusyfudkif aom enf;rsm; toHk;jyKcJYw,f/ tMurf;zufNyD; vlxkESifY tusyfudkifNyD; tawG; tac:? t,ltq ajymif;vJa&;? ,Ofaus;rIawmfveS af &; vkyjf cif;[m r[mypön;f rJY ,Ofaus;rI awmfveS af &; rlrrSeaf Mumif;? vkyBf uHzefw;D rIw&yfom jzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;apw,f/ armfpDwHk;wkdU oHk;aom vlxkuvJ t"dutm;jzifY vli,fausmif;om; vlxk? ukefxkwfvkyfrIqdkaom vlUabmif&JU t"duwm0efudk rxrf;aqmif&aom vlxk om jzpfw,f/ 'gYaMumifY armfpDwHk;wkdU qifETJaom r[mypönf;rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&; [m ypön;f rJYtvkyo f rm;twGuv f nf; r[kw?f ,Ofaus;rItwGuv f nf; r[kwf jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

35

aMumif; xif&Sm;w,f/ ,ckawmY armfpDwHk;wkdY vlpk[m r[mypönf;rJY,Ofaus;rI awmfvSefa&;&JU wuJU&nf&G,fcsufudk zHk;rxm;awmYygbl;/ rsm;rMumrDu 0efBuD;csKyf csLtifvikd ;f [m *syefu, kd pf m;vS,t f zGUJ wckukd r[mypön;f rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfveS af &;rSm &nf&, G cf suf 3 ck&adS Mumif; ajymcYw J ,f/ (1) vli,frsm; awmfvSefa&;aoG;at;raeatmif vIHUqGay;ae&eff (2) ppfBuD; twGuf pdwf"mwftqifoifYjzpfatmif jyifqifay;xm;&ef (3) t&if;&Sifvrf; vkdufaeaom jyefvnfjyifqifa&;0g' 0ifaeaom w½kyfacgif;aqmifpkxHrS tmPmukd jyefvnfodrf;ykduf&efwdkY jzpfw,fwJYAsm/ tifrwef&Sif;ygw,f/ odkYaomf tHYMop&mawmY aumif;w,f/ ygwDOuú|BuD; armfpDwkef;? 0efBuD;csKyf csLtifvidk ;f ? umuG,af &;0efBuD; rm&S,v f ifajymif polwYdk[m tmPm vuf&Sdkjzpfygvsuf tmPmukd jyefvnfodrf;ykdufaew,fqkdwm xl;aeygw,f/ 'D&nf&, G cf surf sm;aMumifY r[mypön;f rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfveS af &;ESiYf wyfeD vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;rSm awmfvSefa&; vkyfBuHzefwD;rIawG rsm;onfxufrsm;vmw,f/ 'D&nf&, G cf surf sm;aMumifY r[mypön;f rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfveS af &;ESiYf wyfeD vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;[m &efvw dk ,f? ppfaoG;ppfrmef wufw,f? pGmus,u f s,Ef idk w f ,f/ 'D&nf&, G cf surf sm;aMumifY r[mypön;f rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfveS af &;ESiYf wyfeD vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;[m pifNydKiftmPmrsm; jzpfvmw,f/ armfpDwkef;wkdU vlpk[m ygwDjyifyrSm tm;opfarG;NyD; ygwDwGif;wkdufyGJrSm tEkdif&atmif vkyf½HkwGifru? w½kyfuGefjrLepfygwDukd zsufqD;ypf&ef BudK;pm;cJY onfomru? vlxkvlwef;pm; tzGJUrsm;udkvnf; zsufodrf;vkdufw,f/ w½kyf jynfvHk;qkdif&m tvkyform;tzGJUcsKyfukd vnf;aumif;? uGefjrLepfvli,f tzJGU tpnf;udk vnf;aumif; zsufodrf;vkdufaMumif; aMujimcJYw,f/ r[mypönf;rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&; aumfrwDESifY wyfeDrsm;[m tqifYqifYaom ygwDaumfrwDrsm;? ygwD½Hk;rsm;? tqifYqifYaom tpdk;&½Hk;rsm;? A[kt d pk;d &|mersm;? jynfe,ftyk cf sKyfraI umfrwDrsm;? ½H;k rsm; ponfwYdkukd pD;Ekid &f ef jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


36

ode;f azjrifY

BudK;yrf;Muw,f/ armfpDwkef;axmufcHaom awmfvSefaom olykefaumfrwDrsm; avsmufzJGUNyD; tmPmjyefodrf;&ef BudK;pm;Muw,f/ 'Dtcsed rf mS wyfe&D UJ tvky[ f m ,Ofaus;rItvkyv f J r&Sad wmYb;l / ynma&; tvkyfvJ r&SdawmYbl;/ armfpDwkef; yk*Kd¾ vfqnf;uyf udk;uG,frI0g'udk tjrifYqHk; jr§ifY&efESifY t½l;trl;usifYoHk;&ef[m olwdkY&JU yxrtvkyfjzpfvmw,f/ wyfeD vli,fawG[m t&ufu;kd armif;wku d x f m;wJY emvm*D&q d ifvdk jzpfuek Mf uw,f/ armfpDwkef; yk*v d¾ fqnf;uyfukd;uG,frI 0g'jzifY ,pfrl;NyD; ,rf;csifwkdif; ,rf;vm MuwmyJ/ olwkdY&JU t,lonf;rI[m ,HkEkdifp&mr&Sdatmif jyif;xefvmw,f/ armfpDwkef;&JU tawG;tac:[m urÇm\ wckwnf;aom trSefw&m; armfpDwkef;&JU tawG;tac:[m 20 &mpkESpf rmYufpf? vDeif0g'&JU txGwftxdyf armfpDwkef;onf twkvH twkr&Sd armfpDwkef;onf aerif;BuD; armfpDwkef;onf urÇmYawmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmif armfpDwkef;onf w½kyfjynfolwdkY&JU u,fwif&Sif ponfjzifY ,HMk unfouf0ifatmif vkyx f m;NyD; armfpw D ek ;f ESiYf oabmuGv J JG olreS o f rQ? armfpw D ek ;f *dP k ;f om;r[kwaf om w½kyaf cgif;aqmifreS o f rQ? ygwDEiS Yf tkyfcsKyfa&;xJrSm olwkdYwawGESifY tmPmvkzuf? odkUr[kwf olwkdYtvkdrusol rSeo f rQudk jypfwif½w I cf sMuw,f/ MoZmcsMuw,f/ rlr&Sad om a0zefa&;vkyMf u w,f/ tpnf;ta0;awGvyk Nf yD; pGypf MJG uw,f/ NyD;awmY vrf;ay:xGuNf yD; qE´jy Muw,f/ wyfeDausmif;om;awG[m q&mawGudkzrf;NyD; OD;aESmufaq;aMuma&; vkyfMuw,f/ q&mawGu olwkdYudk bmoif&r,fvdkY trdefYay;Muw,f/ olwkdU tzdUk armfpw D ek ;f [m wOD;wnf;aomq&mjzpfNyD; wOD;wnf;aom tazvnf;jzpf? jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


armfpDwHk;w½kyfESifY jrefrmYtcsKyftjcmtmPm

37

wOD;wnf;aom tarvnf; jzpfaew,f/ r[mypön;f rJY ,Ofaus;rIawmfveS af &;vky&f ef armfpw D ek ;f tawG;tac:t& ynma&;pepfukd jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efqNdk yD; ausmif;awGudk wESpyf w d yf pfvu dk w f ,f/ wyfeDawG[m NrdKUuae awmoGm;? awmuae NrdKUwuf? yDuif;NrdKUawmfrSaeNyD; tjcm; jynfe,fNrdKUrsm;oGm;? tjcm;jynfe,fNrdKUrsm;rS yDuif;nNrKdUawmfodkY pka0; vmMu/ vlxt k <kH urIBuD;awmY jzpfvmwmygyJ? odUk aomfvJ ywfrwkwv f Ydk r&atmif jzpfvmw,f/ yDuif;rSm aep&mr&Sad wmYb;l / jyefMuygawmYvYdk qkv d rJ &/ rD;&xm; awG tpkvu dk f tNyHKvu dk f tcrJYp;D jcif;? puf½akH wGx0J if½yI jf cif; ponfjzifY ukex f w k f vkyrf u I kd taESmifYt,Suf rjyKMuygESiYf qdw k mvJ ajymr&jzpfaew,f/ odUk aomfvJ armfpDwkef;wdkUvlpk[m olwkdUudk vufrvTwfEkdifbl;As/ armfpw D ek ;f wkYdvpl [ k m wyferD sm;udk Mumav vufrvTwEf idk af v jzpfrmS ygyJ/ taMumif;uawmY olwkdY[m aoa&;&Sifa&;wrQ ta&;BuD;vSwJY tmPmvkyGJ? EkdifiHa&;wkdufyGJBuD;udk qifETJae&vkdYygyJ/ b,fYavmuf jyif;xefwYJ wku d yf BJG uD;rsm;vnf;qkw d m Munhyf g/ ,aeYxd olwdkYrvkdvm;aom vla&SmufcsD? wifa&Smufyif; pwJY acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;ukd w&m;0if jzKwfrcsEdkifao;bl;/ ,aeY olwkdYudk tNyD;tykdif z,f&Sm;vkdufNyDajym? eufjzefusawmY olwdkYudk wkdufae&wkef;yg qkdvdkqdk jzpfaew,f/ w½kyfjynfolU or®wEdkifiHrSm jynfe,fESifY ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfrIa'oESifY A[kdwkduf½dkuftkyfcsKyfrI a'oaygif; 26 e,f &Sdw,f/ ¤if;wkdYteuf armfpDwkef;&JU awmfvSefaomolykef aumfrwDqkdwJY tmPmukdxlaxmifNyD; vHk;0csKyfudkifxm;Ekdifwm 6 e,fyJ &Sdao; w,f/ usew f YJe,fawGrmS tcsKUd u awmfveS af om olyek af umfrwDudk vH;k 0vufrcH bl;/ ,cif &SdNyD;jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf txl;a'o uGefjrLepfygwDaumfrwDESifY jynfe,f? odYkr[kwf txl;a'o tkycf sKyfa&;aumfrwDrsm;u qufvuftyk cf sKyfae Muw,f/ tcsKdUe,fawGrSm bwjyef usm;wjyef jzpfaew,f/ tcsKdUe,fawGu w&m;0ifygwD|mecsKyf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifY (0g) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; wifa&Smufyif;u apvTwaf om uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ESiYf pum;ajym&rS qH;k jzwfr,f vdkY ajymaeMuw,f/ tcsKdU jynfolYvGwfajrmufa&; wyfrawmftpdwftykdif;rsm; uvJ tmPmvkyGJrSm ryg0ifyJ Mum;aeMuw,fvkdY Mum;&w,f/ wyfeDrsm;udk ] a&S;a[mif;t,l&Sdaom} tvkyform;rsm;ESifY awmifolv,form;rsm;u wkduf jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


38

ode;f azjrifY

cdu k v f w T Mf uw,fvYdk ajymoHuvJ rMumcP Mum;ae&w,f/ 'gawG[m e,fcsJU ESifY jyefvnfjyKjyifa&;0g'DawGxHrS vmaom owif;rsm; r[kwfygbl;/ yDuif; owif;pmawGESifY yDuif; a&'D,dkrSvmwJY owif;rsm;t& odEdkifjcif;yg/ aocsmygw,f/ armfpDwHk;wkdY vlpk[m wjynfvHk;tESYH tmPmjyefYatmif olwkdYta&; vHk;0atmifjrifatmif tBudwfte,fwkdufae&w,f/ odkYuvkd tBudwfte,fjzpfaeonfESifYtrQ wyfeDrsm;udk tm;udk;ae&w,f/ tBudwfte,fjzpfaeonfESifYtrQ armfpDwHk; yk*dK¾ vfqnf;uyfukd;uG,frI 0g'ukd jr§ifYwifay;&w,f/ oabmw&m;usL;ausmf r I r S vuf a wG U usL;ausmf r I o k d Y olwkdU[m armfpDwHk;&JU pmtkyfpmwef;awGxJrS aumufEkwfcsufawGxkwf NyD; pmtkyfeDuav;vkyfvkdufw,f/ [kdacwf [dktcg? [kdw½kyfjynfESifY [kdurÇm wkef;u rSefcJYwJY tqkdtrdefYrsm;xJrS pum;pktcsKdUudk xkwf,lNyD; tquftpyf uif;rJYpGm &Gwfzwfo&ZÑm,fapw,f/ umva'o tquftpyfr&Sdaom tqkd trdeYf rsm;udk *gxmref;ovkd ref;apw,f/ NyD;awmY rsufuef;wapäraMumufjzpf atmif vkyfay;xm;w,f/ olwkdY[m jynfwGif;rSm tBudwfte,f wkdufae&onfESifYtrQ jynfyodkY armfpw D ;kH &JU awmfveS af &; oabmw&m;rsm;ukjd zefY&ef twif;BudK;pm;vmMuw,f/ jynfyrSm armfpw D ;Hk ta&; atmifjrifw,fqrdk S jynfwiG ;f rSm olwYkd ta&;vSrmS ud;k / Ä aerif;ESifYwlaom armfpDwkH;&JU tawG;tac:tvif;a&mifjzifY urÇmY awmfvSefa&;BuD;udk &J&J0HY0HY tNyD;tydkif qifETJoGm;Mu&rnf/ Ä urÇmUawmfvSefa&;BuD;&JU trmcHtiftm;[m tm&S? tmz&duESifY vufwiftar&du jynfolwdkY&JU e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJrsm; jzpfw,f/ Ä urÇmUawmfveS af &;BuD;&JU A[kcd sufaAG[m w½kyjf ynfoYl or®wEkid if jH zpf w,f/ Ä w½kyfjynfolwdkY&JU twkr&Sdaom r[macgif;aqmifBuD;? u,fwif&Sif jrefrmUrQm;ewfarmif


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39

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40

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44

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48

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49

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50

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58

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60

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