Various Authors, 1990 Yway Kaught Pwe Hmat Tan by Myanmar Books

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& 0ef}uD;csKyf a'gufwmpdef0if;. trSmpm

rsm;u tqdkyga&G;aumufyGJwGif ar#mfvifhcsuf}uD;rm;pGmjzifh 'Drdkua&pDtkyf csKyfa&;twGuf wcJeufqENrJay;cJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? jynfolrsm;. tonf; ESvHk;rS cHpm;r_ tay: wnfaqmufxm;onfh ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;tm; rw&m; ojzihf ry,fzsufoifh? 1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; vspfvsL±_jcif; onf jynfolvlxktm; wefzdk;rxm;&m/ apmfum;&ma&mufonf? tqdkyg a&G;aumufyo JG nf jrefrmEdik if . H Edik if aH &;ordik ;f wGif xm0pOfwnfaernfh rSwf ausmufwckjzpfonf? ,ckpmtkyfwGif 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G; aumufy}JG uD;ESiyhf wfoufI tcsut f vufrsm;/ taxmuftxm;rsm;/ rSwf wrf;rSwf&mrsm;tm; tawmftwef jynfhpHkpGmrSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfI jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif;twGuf vdktyfcsufw&yfudk jznfhqnf;xm;jcif; jzpf a=umif; azmfjyvdyk gonf?

1988 ckEpS rf pS I jrefrmEdik if w H 0Sr;f vH;k &Sjd ynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH u rdrw d @kd vufvGwfqHk;±H_;cJh&onfh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnf&&Sd&ef ordkif;wGif rñuHpzl; tHºk uGv#uf wcJeufawmif;qdck =hJ u+yD; if;wd@k . qENtppftrSeu f &kd 0J phH mG xkwaf zmfjyocJ=h uojzifh Edik if aH wmftm%mudo k rd ;f ,lxm;aom Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yf ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS jynfow l @kd .qENukd rsuu f , G ðf yjcif;iSm rpGr;f ombJ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif v_y&f mS ;cGiðhf y&efEiS hf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG axGa&G;aumufyGJudkusif;yay;&ef jynfolrsm;tm; twdtvif; uwdðyvdkuf avsmcJ&h +yD; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;udk 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f jrefrmEdik if jH ynforl sm;.qENrsm;/ &nfreS ;f csurf sm;ESit hf nD atmif jrifpmG usi;f yay;cJo h nf? ESpaf ygi;f (30) twGi;f jynfov l x l }k u;D . toufaoG;ac|; aygi;f rsm;pGm pGe@f vw $ &f if;ES;D cJrh a_ =umif&h &Sv d mcJo h nfh tusK;d &v'ftjzpfay: xGuf vmcJo h nfh ygwpD akH &G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG rf q J ENay;olrsm;jym;+y;D rJqENay;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l pkpak ygi;f . (72 'or 59) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f aom rJqEN&iS rf sm;u if;wd@k vdv k m;ESpo f ufonfh ud, k f pm;vS,af vmif;rsm;tm; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@kd a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc=hJ uonf? tqdyk ga&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif jynfow l @kd u rdrw d @kd vv kd m;ESpo f ufaom 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &w&yf ay:ayguv f mrnf[al om ,H=k unfcsujf zifh rdrw d @kd . vGwf vyfaompdwfqENt& wcJeufqENrJay;cJh=uygonf? a&G;aumufyGJonf trSef wu,f vGwv f yfr&_ adS =umif;/ w&m;r#wr_&adS =umif; yg0if,OS òf ydicf o hJ nfh Edik if aH &; ygwrD sm;tm;vH;k omru a&G;aumufyt JG m;rsujf rifu, kd af wG@ vma&mufavhvm cJ=h uonfh owif;axmufrsm;taeESiyhf g vufccH =hJ uygonf? tqdkyg a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;onf jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;wGif rnfonfhtcgrS rarhtyfonfh Edik if aH &;rSww f ikd w f wdik jf zpfonf? ESpf (30) eD;yg; wygwt D m%m&Sif pepfatmufwiG f cHpm;cJ&h onf'h u k t Q aygi;f rS vGwaf jrmufapcsiv f eG ;f onfh jynfol

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

a'guw f mpde0f if; 0ef}uD;csKyf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

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usio hf ;kH Edik cf =hJ uygw,f? [lI jrefrmEdik if t H pd;k &ud, k pf m; ajym=um;cJyh gonf? 0rf;enf;zG,af umif;onfrmS a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD;cJo h nfrmS (15) ESpaf usmw f ikd cf +hJ yDjzpfaomf vnf; ,ae@xufwikd f a&G;aumufyu JG kd }uD;rª;usi;f yay;cJo h nfh ppftyk pf u k a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd tod trSwfðy taumiftxnfazmfray;onfhjyif trsKd;om;nDvmcHac:,l+yD; 'Drdkua&pDESifhqef@usifonfh tem*wfEdkifiHawmfwGif trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmifr_tcef;u¾Y wyfrawmfu yg0ifxrf;aqmifa&; OD;wnfcsujf zifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDukd acszsuyf pfcjhJ cif;jzpfygonf? xdo k @kd tm%mv$aJ jymif;ray;ao;onft h jyif vlxu k , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jyI enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh zdESdyf/ csKyfcs,f/ uef@owf/ ydwfyif/ zrf;qD;/ axmifcsaeonfhjyif rusL;vGefonfh jypfr_ rsm;qifI *k%o f u d mQ ndK ;EGr;f usqif;atmif/ Edik if aH &;odumQ cs&ef tpOfwpdu k v f yk af qmifcyhJ gonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG u f si;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG wGif Edik if aH &;ygwD (93) ygwrD S v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (2 209) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,f avmif;(87)OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (2 296) OD;yg0if,OS òf ydicf yhJ gonf? rJqENe,fajraygi;f (492)e,f owfrw S cf ahJ omf vnf; tajctaet& rJqENe,f (485) e,fwiG o f m a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufyrJG sm; usi;f yEdik cf yhJ gonf? xdpk Ofu EdkifiH&Sd vlOD;a& (42) oef;ausmfwGif touf (18) ESpfjynfh+yD;jzpfonfh qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&SdolOD;a&rSm oef; ESpq f ,fausmf (20 181 313) jzpf+yD;/ vma&mufrq J ENay;olO;D a&rSm q,fih g;oef;ausmf (15 122 524) jzpfygonf? if;wd@k teuf Edik if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (479) OD;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ (6) OD;wd@k a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc=hJ u&ygonf? a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ olrsm;wGif wyfrawmfrS ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jzifh t+idr;f pm;ay;jcif;cH&ol (42) OD;/ tjcm;t+idr;f pm; 0efxrf;a[mif; (145) OD;/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyfESifh txufwef;a&S ae (54) OD;/ q&m0ef (50) OD;ESifh tjcm;t&yfom; (154) OD; wd@k yg0ifygonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG wGif &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvfaxmufxdefonf rE Wav;wdkif;/ ysOf;rem;òrd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif 'Dru kd a&pDygwt D m;ud, k pf m;ðyIvnf;aumif;/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmif OD;a&$t;kH onf &Sr;f jynfe,f/ anmifa&$òrd@e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (,lteJ t f ,fv'f )D tm; ud, k pf m;ðyIvnf;aumif;/ 0d"&l o cifcspaf rmifonf yJc;l wdik ;f / om,m0wDòr d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; 'Dru kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (r-y-'-w) tm; udk,fpm;ðyIvnf;aumif;/ ta&;tcif;umvtwGif; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; (OD;ae0if;) xH tdyfzGifhay; pm'av;apmifa&;om;ojzifh xif&mS ;cJo h nfh OD;atmif}u;D onf ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / a&$bòkd r@d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif jynfaxmifpt k rsK;d om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDygwt D m; ud, k pf m;ðyIvnf;aumif;/ Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;. tudk OD;atmifoef;onf yJc;l wdik ;f / tkwzf òkd r d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif 'Dru kd a&pDr[mrdwrf sm; tzG@J csKyf ('-r-z) tm; ud, k pf m;ðyIvnf;aumif; ponfjzifh xif&mS ;onfEh ikd if aH &;orm; trsm;tjym;0ifa&muf ,SOòf ydicf =hJ uygonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG 0f ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf +hJ yD; &mE_e;f jynft h Edik &f &Scd o hJ nfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rSm trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygwjD zpfygonf? yJc;l wdik ;f twGi;f (1) a'guw f mpde0f if;/ ayguaf cgi;f òrd@e,f rJqENe,f (2) OD;ode;f OD;/ tkww f iG ;f òrd e,f rJqENe,f (3) OD;pd;k 0if;/ yJc;l òrd e,f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) wk@d rS 0ifa&muf

1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG w S w f rf; pmtkyt f m; rdrw d wfprG ;f or# tcsut f vufrsm; &SmazGppk nf;I ðypkxm;ygonf? ,cif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD/ ordik ;f 0if rSww f rf;rSw&f mrsm; (1998 -2003) pmtkyðf ypkc+hJ yD;aemuf ,ckpmtkyrf mS 'kw, d ajrmufjzpfygonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyEJG iS yhf wfoufI a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD; (13) ESpt f =um 2003 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae@u rE aW v;òrd wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS e0w[m wu,fu 'Da&G;aumufyGJ&v'fawGudk todtrSwfðy&rSmjzpfygw,f? usrwdk@jynfolvlxk[mvnf; 'D a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fawGudk b,fawmhrSrarhzdk@vdkygw,f? usrwdk@ æ ordkif;rSmqdkvdk@&Sd&if/ EdkifiHa&;t& rarh&r,fu h pd aP wGxrJ mS 1990 ckEpS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'f[mvnf; tygt0ifjzpfygw,f [k ajym=um;cJh ygonf? odk@twGuf tqdkyg ordkif;0ifa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;ESifhywfoufonfh tcsuftvufrsm; raysmuf ysufap&ef rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfyg onf? ESpfumv=umvmonfESifhtr# tcsKd tcsuftvufrsm; a00g;vmonfukd awG@ae&ygonf? Oyrm æ rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J (Mon National Democratic Front) tm; owif;rD'D,mrsm;/ pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh tcsKd a&G;aumufyGJtEdkif& jynfol@v$wfawmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ud, k w f ikd f rGet f rsK;d om;wyfO;D [kvnf;aumif;/ rGe'f rD u kd &ufwpfwyfO;D [kvnf;aumif; vGrJ mS ;pGm ajymqd/k a&;om;/ xkwv f i$ ahf e=uonfukd r=umc% =um;odawG@jrifae&ygonf? jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif;wGif ESpfaygif; (30) twGif; yxrqHk;usif;yonfh ygwDpHka&G;aumufyGJ jzpfonfhtjyif jynfwGif;rSa&m jynfyrSyg vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyGJjzpfonf[k tqdkyg 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufyu JG kd owfrw S cf =hJ uygonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (9)&ufae@wiG f e,l;a,mufòr d ukvor*~. (45) }urd af jrmuf taxGaxGnDvmcHY jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@acgif;aqmif OD;tHk;a*smfrS rdef@cGef;ajym=um;cJh&mY æ 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@rmS ESpaf ygi;f (30) twGi;f yxrqH;k t}urd f ygwpD t kH axGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG kd jrefrmEdik if jH ynfow l @kd & J qENrsm;/ &nfreS ;f csurf sm;ESit hf nD atmifjrifpmG usi;f ycJ+h yD;jzpfyg w,f? tJ'Dordkif;0ifjzpf&yf[m EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@taeeJ@ EdkifiHawmf tm%mudk pwifwm0ef,lcJhwJhae@up+yD; a=unmcJh¶Hkru aemufxyfvnf; t}udrf}udrf xyfavmif; twnfðyajym=um;xm;wJh uwdu0wfukd jznfq h nf;vdu k jf cif;yJjzpfygw,f? vGwv f yfpmG zG@J pnf;xm;wJh a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif tzG@J 0ifig;OD;&J }uD;=uyfra_ tmufrmS a&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ enf;Oya'awGe@J wdwd ususvu kd ef musio hf ;kH +y;D ygwpD akH &G;aumufyJG usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfygw,f? tJ'aD &G;aumufy[ JG m trSew f u,fyJ vGwfvyfr_&Sdw,f? w&m;r#wr_&Sdw,fqdkwmudk yg0if,SOfòydifwJh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm;vHk;omru a&G; aumufyu JG kd rsujf rifu, kd af wG@ vma&mufavhvmcJ=h uwJh owif;Xme (32) ckukd ud, k pf m;ðywJh owif; axmufrsm;taeeJ@yg vufccH =hJ uygw,f? a&G;aumufyrJG mS rJqENay;olrsm;jym;+y;D / rJqENay;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l pkpak ygi;f &J (72 'or 59) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f aom rJqEN&iS af wG[m if;wd@k EpS o f ufwhJ ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;udk taESmift h ,Sut f [ef@twm;uif;pGm jynfol@v$wfawmfodk@ a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;tm;jzifh tajccHtusqHk;aom vl@tcGifhta&;&ydkifcGifhudk

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

,SOfòydifcJh&m tqdkygoHk;ae&mpvHk;wGif tEdkif&&SdcJh=uygonf? ygwt D zG@J tpnf;wckwnf;u vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm;tEdik &f &Scd o hJ nfh wdik ;f ESpw f ikd ;f rSm rauG;wdik ;f ESihf weoFm&Dwikd ;f wd@k jzpfygonf? rauG;wdik ;f wGif rJqENe,fppk ak ygi;f (39) e,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf udk,fpm;ðy v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;csnf; tEdkif&&SdcJhouJhodk@ weoFm&Dwdkif;wGif rJqENe,f pkpak ygi;f (13) e,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu, kd pf m;ðy v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;csn;f tEdik &f &Scd yhJ gonf? rJqENe,fwe,fwnf;wGif 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid o f l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; trsm;qH;k rSm &efuek w f ikd ;f / yef;yJwef;òrd e,f rJqENe,fjzpf+yD; 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydio f l (14) OD;&Scd yhJ gonf? wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh cdik v f rkH t J rsm;qH;k &&Scd o hJ l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;rSm yJc;l wdik ;f / yJc;l òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf ,SOfòydifcJhonfh OD;jrwfvSjzpf+yD; cdkifvHkrJpkpkaygif; (53 527) jzpfygonf? 'kwd,cdkifvHkrJtrsm;qHk;&&SdolrSm ppfudkif;wdkif;/ rHk&Gmòrd e,frJ qENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf o hJ nfh OD;=unfp;kd jzpfI cdik v f rkH pJ pk ak ygi;f (49 566) jzpfygonf? wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh cdik v f rkH &J mcdik Ef e_ ;f trsm;qH;k &&Scd o hJ l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; rsm;rSm &Sr;f jynfe,f/ rlq,fòrd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf o hJ l OD;pdik ;f vSazjzpfI (91 ³ 45) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzpfygonf? 'kw, d cdik v f rkH &J mcdik Ef e_ ;f trsm;qH;k rSm weoFm&Dwikd ;f / o&ufacsmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJhol OD;wifjrifhjzpf+yD; (91 ³ 1) &mcdkifE_ef; jzpfygonf? wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh cdik v f rkH t J enf;qH;k jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onfh trsK;d om; v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rSm aqmhavmòrd e,f rJqENe,frS wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwD tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf o hJ nfh OD;rkwaf jrmfqef;acgijf zpfI cdik v f rkH J (158) rJom &&Scd +hJ yD;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf o hJ nfh OD;[efa0ga'gaZmif;tm; (15) rJ tom jzifh tEdik &f &Scd jhJ cif;jzpfygonf? wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh cdik v f rkH t J enf;qH;k jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onfh trsK;d orD;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rSm &efuek w f ikd ;f / qdyu f rf;òr d e,frS trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf o hJ nfh a':pef;pef;jzpf+y;D cdik v f rkH J (615) rJom&&Scd +hJ y;D / wdik ;f &if; om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwt D m;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf o hJ nfh t+idr;f pm;Adv k rf ;ª !Ge@f viG t f m; (254) rJtomjzifh tEdkif&&SdcJhjcif;jzpfygonf? &efukefwdkif;/ c&rf;òrd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif nDtudkt&if;ESpfOD; 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh ygonf? wOD;rSm wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwt D m;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf o hJ nfh t+ird ;f pm; Adv k rf ;ª }u;D aZmf0if; (Edik if aH wmfaumifp0D ifa[mif;) jzpfI wOD;rSm if;.nDt&if;jzpfol trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydio f l OD;wifarmif0if;jzpfygonf? OD;wifarmif0if; tEdik &f &Scd yhJ g onf? om;tz&if;ESpfOD; ygwDESpfckrS 0ifa&muf,SOfòydiftEdkif&&SdcJhonfvnf; &Sdygonf? if;wdk@rSm &Srf; jynfe,f (ajrmufydkif;) rdkif;&,fòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydiftEdkif&cJhol OD;vS'ifESifh if;.om;jzpfol &Srf;jynfe,f (ajrmufydkif;)

oD a ygòrd e,f rJ q EN e ,f t rS w f ( 2) wG i f trsKd ; om;'D r d k u a&pD t zG J @ csKyf t m; ud k , f p m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydiftEdkif&cJhol pdkif;atmifoef;wdk@ jzpfygonf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;aemuf yxrqHk;uG,fvGefonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frSm ucsifjynfe,f/ jrpf}uD;em;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS OD;jrarmifjzpf+yD;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD; &uf (20) t=um 1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (16) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefcJhygonf? trsK;d om;pmayqk& pma&;q&m (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ ygonf? ,if;wd@k rmS 1963 ckEpS w f iG f t¶k%Of ;D uAsmpmrljzifh trsK;d om;pmayqk&&Scd o hJ l ucsijf ynfe,f/ Aef;armfòrd e,f rJqENe,frS OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfnKd EG@J )/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f umuG,I f ukoenf; aq;ynmay;pmtkyjf zifh trsK;d om; pmayqk&&Scd o hJ l &efuek w f ikd ;f / r*Fvmawmif!eG @f òr d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS a'guw f m atmifcifqifEh iS hf 1979 ckEpS w f iG f u|eaf wmho f m;}uD; aorif;ESiphf pfcif;ol pmtkyjf zifh trsK;d om;pmayqk&&Scd o hJ l &Sr;f jynf e,f/ rdk;rdwfòrd e,frJqENe,frS a'gufwmtkef;armifwdk@jzpf+yD; oHk;OD;vHk;rSm trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ud, k pf m;ðy jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uygonf? Tpmtkyw f iG f 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;ESiyhf wfoufonfh tcsuftvufrsm; pHkEdkifor#pHk&ef (3) ESpfausmf tcsdef,ljyifqifðypkxm;ygonf? vdktyfcsuf/ csKd ,Gif; csufrsm;yg&Sdygu ðypkol rdrd.csKd ,Gif;tm;enf;r_a=umifhom jzpfygonf? tcsuftvufrsm; &SmazGpkaqmif;&mwGif 0dkif;0ef;ulnDcJh=uonfh jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfonfh owif;at*sifpD ( rdk;óud; owif;pOf)/ jrefrmEdkifiHa&S aersm;aumifpD/ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnD apmifha&Smufa&;toif; (jrefrmEdkifiH) ESifh owif;pma[mif;rsm;ulnDonfh OD;odef;OD; (jynfol@v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,f - rE Wav;taemufawmif (2)) ESifh tjcm;ulnDoltm;vHk;tm; txl;aus;Zl; wif&Sdyga=umif; Tae&mrS rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

cifausmf[ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f a&eHacsmif;(2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tzG@J (jrefrmEdik if )H

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jrefrmEdkifiHESifh a&G;aumufyGJrsm;

vkyfvmcJhojzifh trsKd;om; xºuGv_yf&Sm;r_rsm; tqufrjywfay:vmcJhonf? t*Fvdyftpdk;&u ESdrfeif;r_rsm; vkyfvmcJh&m zdav ºuGavtjzpfudk tkyfpdk;olwdk@&ifqdkifvmcJh&onf?

(19) &mpkaESmif;ydkif;ESpfrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtzdk@ uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusaomESpfrsm;jzpfcJhonf? ,if;ESprf sm;wGif jrefrmEdik if o H nf e,fcs J usL;ausmpf pfyrJG sm;udk ckcw H u kd cf u kd cf &hJ onf? 1824 ckEpS w f iG f t*Fvyd f - jrefrm yxrppfyjJG zpfymG ;cJo h nf? xdpk Ofu jrefrmEdik if w H iG f uke;f abmif rif;quf b}u;D awmfrif;w&m; xD;eef;pHv#u&f o dS nf? 1825 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif &E yW &kd mG Yðyvkyaf om ppfajy+ird ;f pmcsKyt f & t*Fvyd f - jrefrm yxrppfy+JG y;D qH;k cJo h nf? t*Fvyd t f pd;k &uawmif;qdak om ppfavsmf a=u;aiG (wukaÉ) ESifh &cdkifESifh weoFm&De,frsm;udk ay;tyfcJh&onf? 1852 ckEpS w f iG f t*Fvyd f - jrefrm 'kw, d ppfyjJG zpfymG ;cJo h nf? xdt k csed w f iG f jrefrmEdik if YH yk*rH if; tkypf ;kd aecsed jf zpfonf? t*Fvyd w f @kd u ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jy+yD;/ &efuek òf rd udak usmI f jynfòrd txuf ajrxJ (atmifv)H òr d txd csw D ufv#uf e,fajrrsm;udo k rd ;f ,lco hJ nf? xdt k csed w f iG f yk*rH if;eef;us+y;D rif;wke;f rif; eef;wufvmcsed jf zpfonf? rif;wke;f rif;u t*Fvyd Ef iS phf pfajy+idr;f cJ+h yD; txufjrefrmjynftxd wdu k cf u kd f odr;f ydu k v f mEdik o f nfh t*Fvyd pf pfwyf.tE &W m,fukd wm;qD;Edik cf o hJ nf? atmufjrefrmjynfwckv;kH t*Fvyd f vufatmufo@kd usa&mufco hJ nf? 1885 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (22) &ufae@wiG f t*Fvyd f - jrefrm wwd,ppfyjJG zpfymG ;cJo h nf? xdpk Ofu jrefrmEdik if w H iG f oDaygrif;eef;pHaecsed jf zpfonf? t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrS {&m0wDjrpf¶;kd twdik ;f txufjrefrmjynf odk@ xdkae@wGifyifcsDwufcJhonf? Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufae@wGif jrif;jcHòrd / (26) &ufae@wGif tif;0/ (27) &ufae@wGif ppfudkif;/ (28)&ufae@wGif rE Wav;&wemyHkaejynfawmfodk@ wufa&mufodrf;ydkufcJhonf? oDaygrif;ESihf rdz&k m;wd@k ukd +Aw d o d #w@kd u zrf;qD;+y;D / tdE, dN Edik if o H @kd ac:aqmifomG ;jcif;jzifh t*Fvyd f - jrefrm wwd,ppfy+JG yD;qH;k oGm;cJo h nf? jrefrmwrsK;d om;vH;k u|ejf zpfc=hJ u&onf? tifydkif,mjynfh&Sif bk&ifr}uD;.trdef@t& ,ae@rSpI ausnmvdkufonfrSm oDaygbk&if tkyfcsKyfcJhaom e,fy,ftm;vHk;wdk@onf jynfh&Sifbk&ifr}uD;. EdkifiHawmfe,fy,frsm;twGif; odk@ odrf;oGif;vdkuf+yDjzpfa=umif;? xdkodk@odrf;oGif;+yD; e,fy,frsm;udk ,ae@rSpI bk&ifcHESifh bk&ifcHcsKyfwdk@u oabmt& cef@xm;vdkufaom t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh qufvuftkyfcsKyfap

( 1886 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@wGif tdENd,bk&ifcHcsKyfuxkwfjyefcJhaom a=unmcsuf)

t*Fvyd ef ,fcs J orm;wd@k u jrefrmjynftm; t+y;D tydik o f rd ;f ydu k +f y;D jzpfonf[k xdu k o hJ @kd ausnm csux f w k cf ahJ omfvnf; u|eb f 0jzifrh aevd=k uonfh ZmwdaoG;/ Zmwdrmefxufoefonfh acgi;f aqmifrsm;u &&m vlo/l vufeufpak qmif;+yD;/ rqkwrf epf qufvufawmfveS cf =hJ uojzifh ausnmcsux f w k +f yD; (10) ESpw f ikd af tmif if;wd@k xifovdt k yk cf sKyfIr&cJah y? 1900 ESihf 1910 ckEpS f tpydik ;f avmufwiG f aemif *spD b D aD t 0HomEktzG@J }uD;.acgi;f aqmifrsm; jzpfvm=urnfh q&mawmfO;D OwWr/ OD;cspv f i_d /f OD;pd;k ode;f / OD;yk/ OD;bab/ OD;xGe;f &Sed /f orRwOD;pk polw@kd u uvsm%,k0toif;udw k nfaxmif=u+yD;/ trsK;d / bmom/ omoemtusK;d twGuf vkyaf qmifrnf[l onfh aºuG;a=umfoHudka&S wef;wifI trsKd;om;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;/ pnf;a0;yGJrsm;/ pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJrsm;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

yxrqH;k a&G;aumufy?JG tqufrjywf ay:ayguv f mcJo h nfh v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;a=umifh trsK;d om;pdwrf sm; ydrk w kd ufºuv G m=u &mrStp 1920 jynfh wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;. taxGaxGoydwf}uD;jzpfay:vmI wjynfvHk;wGif trsK;d om;ausmif;rsm;ay:ayguv f mcJjh cif;/ trsK;d om;tHºk uGr_ ydrk jkd yif;xefvmcJjh cif;rsm;a=umifh 1922 ckEpS f wGif 'dik t f mcD a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udu k si;f ycJ&h jcif;jzifh vlxq k ENu&kd ,lonfo h abmudk aqmifvmcJ&h onf? xdjk zpf&yfonf e,fcs J vufatmufwiG f jynfov l x l u k rJay;qH;k jzwf&onft h qifu h kd yxrqH;k &&Scd jhJ cif; jzpfonf? xdak &G;aumufyo JG nf e,fcs J wd@k u if;wd@k vckd sio f nfyh pkH &H atmifvyk Ef ikd af &;twGuf jynfow l @kd ukd vSnfhpm;cJhjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;/ xl;jcm;r_rSm vlxktHkºuGr_a=umifhom jynfolvlxkrS rJay;qHk;jzwf&onfh a&G;aumufyJG ay:ayguv f mcJ&h jcif;jzpfonf? tkyfcsKyfpDrHcef@cGJa&;wm0efrsm;tm; tpdk;&ESifhjynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajr mufonfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;cGaJ 0+yD; yl;wGw J m0ef,=l u&onft h yk cf sKyfa&;jzpfojzifh 'dik t f mcD (Diarchy/Dyarchy) [kac: jcif;jzpfonf? trnftm;jzifh wd;k wufaumif;rGeo f nft h yk cf sKyfa&;jzpfaomfvnf;/ jynfo@l u, kd pf m; vS,f (rif;wdik yf if trwf) rsm;rSm rnfonft h m%mr#r&Sb d /J ta,mifaqmif ¶kyjf yomjzpf+yD;/ bk&ifcu H xifovdt k yk cf sKyfonfh pepfomjzpfonf? t*Fvyd w f @kd onf 'Dru kd a&pDuckd spjf rwfE;kd onf? t&m&mqH;k jzwfjyXmef;&mY 'Dru kd a&pDoabm t& trsm;pkqENjzifo h m usio hf ;kH ðyvkyo f nf[k urBmud0k g'jzef@ºuGm;0gco hJ nf? 1922 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHudk 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfay;&ef jyifqif=upOf jrefrmjynfol trsm;pk}u;D u tvdrk &Sad =umif; ajymqdu k ef@uu G =f uonf? t*Fvyd t f pd;k &u 'Dru kd a&pDukd vufawG@usihf oH;k onfo h abmjzifh a&G;aumufyðJG yvkyo f nf? xdt k csed u f jrefrmEdik if w H iG f vlO;D a& (12) oef;ausm&f o dS nf? rJqENay;Edik o f u l kd t*Fvyd t f pd;k &u pnf;urf;csufrsm;jzifh (2) oef; owfrSwfay;xm;onf? 1922 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21) &ufwGif yxr t}udrf 'dik t f mcDOya'ðyaumifq,f trwfa&G;yGðJ yvky&f m 'dik t f mcDuo kd abmusI rJay;ol (100) v#if (7) OD;om&So d nf? (93) OD;u 'dik t f mcDuo kd abmrus uef@uu G o f nft h aejzifh rJray;bJae=uonf? vlO;D a&jzifw h u G pf pfv#if jynfol (12) oef;teuf wode;f av;aomif; (140 000) r#om 'dik t f mcD pepf vufcI H (11) oef;/ (7) ode;f / (6) aomif;u uef@uu G o f nf? t*Fvyd t f pd;k &onf Tonfuykd if 'Dru kd a&pDusonf? 'dik t f mcDukd jrefrmEdik if u H vufco H nf[q k ;kH jzwfum tpd;k &tzG@J jzifh zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfap onf? 1922 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21) &ufae@ 'dkiftmcDOya'ðyaumifpD (Legislative Council) yxrOD; qH;k a&G;aumufyw JG iG f b}uD;bazwd@k . (21) OD;ygwD ¡(21) OD;tzG@J ukd trsK;d om;ygwD (National Party) [k ac:a0:cJ+h y;D / aemifwiG f jynfojl ynfom;tzG@J [k ac:a0:cJo h nf? 1936 ckEpS /f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfol jynfom;tzGJ@rS ig;yGifhqdkiftzGJ@[k trnfajymif;cJhonf?¢ ESifh qma*satarmif}uD;acgif;aqmifaom

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

y¶dk*&ufppfygwD (Progressive Party) ac: a&$awmif=um;ygwD (qma*satarmif}uD;wdk@. y¶dk*&ufppf ygwD0if vlrsm;pk a=u;a&wwfrsm;rSm a&$awmif=um;vrf;&yfuGufxJYaexdkif=uI a&$awmif=um; ygwD [k trnfwGifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?) wdk@om 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifta&G;cHcJh=u.? vd_if-yk-ausmf *sDpD bDatu oydwaf rSmufaecJ+h yD; 1928 ckEpS /f wwd,t}udraf &G;aumufyrJG o S m 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydif ta&G;cH cJh=uonf? 'dkiftmcDpepft& Oya'ðyaumifq,fESifhwuG tkyfcsKyfa&;udk vufawG@taumiftxnf azmfvmonft h cg jynfot l rsm;pk}u;D u tvdrk &Sad =umif; vufawG@jyonf? 'dik t f mcDtyk cf sKyfa&; ,E &W m; }uD;twGuf jrifw h ufvmaomtcGerf sm; ray;a&;wdu k yf rJG sm;ðyvkyv f monf? t*Fvyd u f ek yf pPn;f oydwaf rSmufa&;/ tpd;k &ESirhf qufqb H J 0HomEkco kH rm"d¶;kH rsm;wGif ajz&Si;f a&;wd@k ykrd ðkd yvkyv f mjcif;jzifh 0HomEkvy_ &f mS ;r_}u;D rSm t*Fvyd t f pd;k &xifovdk usqif;roGm;bJ jrifw h ufvm onf? ,cif 'dik t f mcDtyk cf sKyfa&;acwfrwdik rf u D òrd tky/f 0efaxmuf/ Xmemtky/f ykvyd pf onfh tpd;k & tr_xrf;wdk@ aus;&Gmrsm;odk@a&mufvmonfhtcg &Gmol}uD;rSwqifh &Gmom;rsm;xH =uuf/ bJ/ =uufO/ bJO/ EGm;Edk@ ponfjzifh awmif;=uonf? oufoufay;=u&onf? w&GmrSw&Gmodk@ qufvufoGm;&ef vSnf;jzifhvdkufydk@aponf? &Gmom;wdk@u tcrJhydk@ay;=u&onf? 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&; ay;vmonfhtcg 0HomEkacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm; ajyma[mcsuEf iS hf t*Fvyd t f pd;k &tay: rauseyfcsurf sm;a=umifh =uuf/ bJ ponfw@kd ukd tpd;k &tr_xrf;rsm;tm; oufoufray;=u? 0,fv#io f m a&mif;onf? w&GmESiw hf &Gm vSn;f jzifhoGm;vdkv#if vSnf;cay;rS vdkufydk@onf? òrd tkyf/ 0efaxmufpolwdk@uvnf; tzdk;tcray;bJ =uuf/ bJ ponfw@kd rawmif;=u? vSn;f tyd@k rcdik ;f =uawmhonft h ajca&mufvmonf? Tonfw@kd rmS 0HomEk v_y&f mS ;r_}uD;.t&Sed t f 0ga=umifh jzpfonf? t*Fvyd t f pd;k &ESihf jynfot l rsm;pk}uD;onf ppfwyf/ ykvyd w f yf/ ¶H;k / axmif/ *wf (&JXme) ponfh zdESdyfr_u&d,mwdk@jzifh t*Fvdyftpdk;&uzdESdyfvdkuf/ jynfolwdk@.0HomEkv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;u ydkIydkI 'dkiftmcD pepfqef@usifa&;/ t*Fvdyfqef@usifa&;/ oydwfarSmufwdkufyGJrsm; ay:aygufvmvdkufjzifh tjyeftvSef jzpfae=u&m 'dik t f mcD yxroH;k ESpo f ufwrf;yif ukeq f ;kH vmcJo h nf? xd'k ikd t f mcDOya'ðyaumifpaD &G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfov l x l . k rJqENay;ydik cf iG u hf kd t*Fvyd t f pd;k &u rsm; pGmuef@owfcsKyfcs,x f m;onf? t*Fvyd Ef iS hf tdE, dN ukeo f nf}uD;rsm;udk txl;tcGit hf a&;ay;xm; cJo h nf? t*Fvyd u f ek o f nf vlO;D a& (100) twGuf ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;ta&G;cs,cf EH ikd cf iG &hf &Scd +hJ y;D / jrefrm rsm;twGurf l vlO;D a& (30 000) twGuf ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;om ta&G;cs,cf EH ikd cf iG &hf cdS o hJ nf? jrefrmwd@k a&G;aumufwifajrm ufaom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk xdak cwfu rif;wdik yf iftrwf [kac:=uonf? xdrk if; wdik yf iftrwfrsm;.a&S wGif atmfema&bD [laom 0daooudk xnfo h iG ;f a&;om; ac:a0:=u&onf? 'dik t f mcDacwf0ef}uD;rsm;onf vpmaiG (5 000) pm;=u&onf? Oya'ðyaumifpDtwGuf rif;wdkifyiftrwf udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (103) OD;&Sdonfhteuf bk&ifcu H cef@xm;ol (23) OD; &So d jzifh uset f rwf (80) twGuo f m a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;jcif;jzpfonf? xdt k rwf (80) xJwiG f tdE, dN wdik ;f &if;om; (8) OD;/ u&if (5) OD;/ ujym; (1) OD;/ t*Fvyd f (1) OD;/

tjcm;vkyfief;&Sif}uD;rsm;ESifh wuUodkvfrS (7) OD;yg&Sdojzifh useftaxGaxG (58) ae&mtwGufom jrefrmrsm; yg0ifta&G;cHciG &hf cdS o hJ nf? ,if; (58) ae&mudk jrefrmrsm;twGu[ f rk qdb k J *sief &,f[I l owf rSwcf o hJ nf? Oya'ðyaumifpaD &G;aumufyu JG kd (3) ESpf w}udru f si;f y&ef owfrw S x f m;cJo h nf? 'dkiftmcDv$wfawmfwGif&Sdonfh trwf (103) OD;rSm æ jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om; (58) OD;? u&if (5) OD;? tdE, dN wdik ;f &if;om; (8) OD;? t*Fvyd u f jym; (1) OD;? Oa&mywdu k o f m; (1) OD;? wuUov kd af usmif; (1) OD;? jrefrmukeo f nf}u;D (1) OD;? Oa&mywdu k o f m;ukeo f nf}u;D (2) OD;? w¶kwu f ek o f nf}u;D (1) OD;? Oa&mywdkufom; a&mif;0,fa&;tzGJ@ (1) OD;? tdE, dN wdik ;f om;ukeo f nf}u;D (1) OD;? tpdk;&cef@ (21) OD;? tpdk;&cef@ b¾ma&;0ef}uD; (1) OD;? jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D (1) OD;? aygif; æ (103) OD;wdk@ jzpfonf? 1922 ckESpf yxrt}udrfa&G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;olOD;a& (10) &mcdkifE_ef;cef@om&SdcJhonf? ta=umif;rSm 1920 aumvdyo f ydw}f uD;a=umifh Edik if aH &;Ed;k =um;cJah omjrefrmvlxu k 'dik t f mcD &Dazmif; jzpfonfh bk&ifcEH iS hf rsuEf mS jzLtdik pf t D ufprf sm;.vufxYJ tcsKyftjcmtm%m&So d nfh tkycf sKyfa&;pepf udk jiif;y,fvufrcHEikd af =umif; jyojcif;jzpfonf[q k Ekd ikd o f nf? 'dik t f mcDacwfwiG f jrefrmjynfb&k ifct H jzpf qm[mukwb f wWvm(Sir Harcourt Butler) udk bdvyftpd;k &u jyefvw $ cf +hJ yD;/ qm&,f*seD ,f*&ufa'guf (Sir Reginald Graddock) udk jyefac:,lco hJ nf? 'dik t f mcDacwfyxrydik ;f Y vpmaiG (5 000) pm; 0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;&So d nft h euf jrefrmrsm;xJrS (3) OD;&&SdcJhonf? ,if; (4) OD;rSm ² ² ² (1) qmarmifcif jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) rpPwmtvufZENm;udof b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) trfatOD;armif}uD; ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qma*satOD;armif}uD; opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? ,if;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;wGif tpd;k &cef@ (2) OD;jzpf+yD;/ ynma&;ESio hf pfawma&;wd@k twGuf (2) OD; om rJjzifah &G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;jzpfonf? 'kw, d t}urd af &G;aumufyu JG kd 1925 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (17) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJo h nf? t*Fvyd f tpd;k &onf 'kw, d t}urd f 'dik t f mcDaumifq,ftrwfa&G;yGjJ zifh ol.'Dru kd a&pDukd prf;oyfjyefonf? xdt k

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

csdefu *sDpDbDattoif;}uD; 'kwd,t}udrfòyduGJ+yD;pjzpfonf? vd_if-yk-ausmf *sDpDbDatESifh OD;pdk;odrf; *sDpDbDat}uD;rsm;u a&G;aumufyGJudkoydwfarSmufjrJ arSmuf=uaomfvnf; vd_if-yk-ausmf *sDpDbDat rSm om,m0wD OD;yktrª;ðyaomyk*K~d vt f csK d u [kr;f r¶l;toif;udk oD;jcm;cGaJ xmifum a&G;aumufy0JG if&ef OD;wnfjyifqifvm=uonf? xd@k a=umifh t*Fvyd t f pd;k &u yxrt}urd af &G;aumufyw JG iG f ¶kyyf suf qif;ysuf jzpfcJh&aom ol.'Drdkua&pDrSm 'kwd,a&G;yGJwGif rsufESmyef;jyaumif;vdrfhrnf[k ,lqonf? odk@&mwGif rJa&G;yGðJ yvkyo f nft h cg rJay;Edik o f l (100) v#if (13) OD;om 'dik t f mcDuv kd v kd m;I rJay;=uonf? (87) OD; u uef@uu G jf rJ uef@uu G o f nft h aejzihf rJray;bJae=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&zGJ@rSm æ (1) OD;aratmif jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) qm0Dvsu H D b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) a'gufwmb,Of ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qmvDt,def opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? wwd,t}udrfa&G;aumufyGJudk 1928 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21) &ufae@wGif usif;ycJhonf? a&G; aumufyYJG jynfojl ynfom;ygwrD S trwf (40)/ a&$awmif=um;ygwrD S trwf (12) OD; a&G;aumuf cHc=hJ u& onf? rJqEN&Sif (24) &mcdkifE_ef;u rJay;cJh=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm æ (1) qma*satarmif}uD; jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) rpPwmjrL;&,ftif'¶l;trdu k Zf D b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) OD;bwif ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qmvDt,def opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf?

taxGaxGausmif;om;oydwf arSmufEdkifcJh=uonf? wqufwnf;yif oD;pm;cOya'ESifh ywfoufI v,form;qlyrl r_ sm;ay:aygucf &hJ mrS 1300 jynft h a&;awmfy}kH uD;ay:aygucf o hJ nf?

pwkwt }urd af &G;aumufyu JG kd 1932 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJo h nf? rJqEN&iS f (24) &mcdkifE_ef;u rJay;cJh=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm æ (1) qmarmifb jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) rpPwmul;yg; b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) OD;ausmf'if ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qma*satarmif}uD; opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? 1934 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9) &ufae@wGif ajymif;vJjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh (5) }udrfajrmuf yl;wGJ wm0efcHtpdk;&tzGJ@rSm æ (1) qmarmifb jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) rpPwmul;yg; b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) a'gufwmbarmf ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;bab opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wd@k jzpfonf? 1923 ckESpfrSpwifcJhonfh 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm 1936 ckESpfwGif +yD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf? wdk@Arm tpnf; t¶Hk;0ifocifrsm;.acgif;aqmifr_jzifh 1930 jynfhESpfrS 1934 ckESpftwGif; tvkyform;rsm;. taxGaxGoydwrf sm; tqufrjywfay:xGucf +hJ yD;/ 1936 ckEpS w f iG f ocifEak cgi;f aqmifI jynfv;kH qdik &f m

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;acwf? xdo k @kd aomtHºk urG }_ u;D a=umifh e,fcs J orm;onf wxpfav#mI h (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;udk ay;cJ&h onf? xdk (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;wGif vH;k 0vGwv f yfonfh rJay;a&G;cs,jf cif;rsK;d r[kwaf omfvnf; 'dik t f mcD tkycf sKyfa&;xuftqifjh rifo h nfh rJay;a&G;aumufjcif;rsK;d / 'dik t f mcDtyk cf sKyfa&;xuf tenf;i,fus,0f ef; vmonfyh pkH jH zifh rJay;=u&onft h jzpfukd jynfov l x l &k &Scd o hJ nf? rJa&mif;rJ0,fpepfjzifh rdrw d @kd tEdik &f a&; udk vkyaf qmifc=hJ uojzifh aiGtif;tm;awmifo h w l @kd om rJtEdik &f &Scd o hJ nf? Tod@k jzifh (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&; ESifh Oya'ðyv$wfawmf ay:aygufvmcJhonf? 1935 ckEpS /f jrefrmjynftyk cf sKyfa&; tufOya't& tdE, dN jynfrS jrefrmjynf cGx J u G &f rnft h csed f udk 1937 ckESpf/ {+yDv (1) &ufae@tm; owfrSwfcJh+yD;/ xdkae@rSpI jrefrmjynfwGif (91) Xme tkyfcsKyf a&;topfjzifh tkyfcsKyf&rnfjzpfojzifh tqdkygtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJrsm; usif;yay;cJhonf? tkyfcsKyfa&;topft& v$wfawmfESpf&yfxm;&Sd+yD;/ atmufv$wfawmftwGuf trwf (132) a,mufEiS hf txufvw $ af wmf (qD;edw)f twGuf trwf (36) a,muf a&G;aumufwifajr muf&rnfjzpf onf? atmufvw $ af wmftrwf (132) a,mufxw J iG f e,frsm;rSa&G;aumuf&rnfh trwfO;D a& (92) OD;/ u&iftrsK;d om; (12) OD;/ tdE, dN trsK;d om; (8) OD;/ t*Fvyd -f jrefrmujym; (2) OD;/ Oa&mywdu k o f m; (3) OD;/ pufrv _ ufrE_ iS hf ukeo f nf}u;D toif;rsm;. ud, k pf m;vS,f (11) OD;/ &efuek w f uUov kd rf S (12) OD;/tdE, dN tvkyo f rm;ud, k pf m;vS,f (2) OD;/ tdE, dN r[kwaf om tvkyo f rm; ud, k pf m;vS,f (1) OD;wd@k jzpfonf? v$waf wmfY jrefrmwd@k .rJukd xde;f Edik &f ef&nf&, G cf sujf zifh pufrv _ ufru _ ek o f nf}u;D toif;rsm;. ud, k f pm;vS,f (11) OD;xJY Oa&mywdu k o f m;ukeo f nf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (6) OD;/ tdE, dN ukeo f nf}uD;rsm; toif;rS (3) OD;/ w¶kwfukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (1) OD;ESifh jrefrmukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (1) OD; ponfjzifh cGaJ 0cJjh yefonf? 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;[kqdkaomfvnf; trSefrSm (98) Xme&Sdonf? ta&;}uD;aom (7) Xmeudk bk&ifcu H if;.vufatmufYxm;&S+d yD;/ usef (91) Xmeudo k m vlxv k ufo@kd ay;tyfjcif;jzpfonf? bk&ifc. H vufatmufwiG x f m;&So d nfh (7) XmerSm eef;&if;0efEiS hf 0ef}uD; (6) OD;wd@k uikd &f aom umuG,fa&;/ jynfxJa&;/ tcGefawmfESifhb¾ma&;/ EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;/ ynma&;/ opfawma&;/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; ponfXh mersm;jzpfonf? eef;&if;0ef.vpmrSm (3 000) usyjf zpfI 0ef}uD;rsm;. vpmrSm (2 500) usyjf zpfonf? v$waf wmfOuUÏ.vpmaiGrmS (2 000) usyjf zpfI 'kw, d OuUÏ. vpm aiGrSm (1 250) usyfjzpfonf? rif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm;. vpmaiGrSm (250) usyfjzpfonf? 'dik t f mcDtyk cf sKyfa&;wGif wdik ;f jynfo@kd (22) Xmeudo k may;tyfc+hJ yD;/ 0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;xm;&SI d vpmaiG (5 000) usyfpD ay;cJhonf? (91) Xmetkycf sKyaf &;topfwiG f bk&ifco H nf jynfow l @kd u a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufonfh v$waf wmf udk tcsed rf a&G;¶kyo f rd ;f Edik o f nf? trwfrsm;udk wm0efc&H aom0ef}u;D tzG@J (uufbed uf) udk ðzwfEikd o f nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

bk&ifcH.vufxJY ADwdktm%mudkudkifxm;onf? xd@k a=umifh ,if; (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;udk wd@k Armtpnf;t¶H;k ESihf &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif;om; rsm;or*~rS OD;aqmif+y;D / uef@uu G v f y_ &f mS ;cJ=h uojzifh 1936 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;oydwrf S tpðyum 1300 jynfhESpf/ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay:aygufvmcJh&onftxd vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJjyif;xefvmcJhonf? 1935 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9) &ufae@wGif (91) XmetkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf Oya'ðyv$wfawmf a&G; aumufyGJ jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;wGifusif;ycJhonf? +Adwdo#tpdk;&u jrefrmEdkifiHtm; (91) XmetkyfcsKyfa&;ay;rnfh puULjzLpmwrf;wckudk 1935 ckEpS w f iG f xkwjf yefc+hJ yD; 1936 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmvwGif (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;twGuf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&ef pDpOfcJhonf? odk@twGuf 'dkiftmcDaemufqHk;bk&ifcH qm[¶l;vif;pa'gif;pwDzifqifudk 1936 ckESpf/ arvqef;wGijf yefac:cJ+h y;D if;.ae&mwGif qmtmcsaD bm a'gu*f vyfaumhu&de;f (Sir Archibald Douglas Cochrane) udk (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;twGuf bk&ifco H pftjzpf 1936 ckEpS /f arv (8) &ufae@wiG f wm0ef v$aJ jymif;,lapcJo h nf? 'dik t f mcDEiS rhf auseyfEikd [ f o l nfv h y_ &f mS ;r_rsm;/ [kr¶R ;l (Home Rule)awmif;qdrk r_ sm;/ v,form; vufeufuikd yf ek u f efrr_ sm;a=umifh (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;&&Scd jhJ cif;jzpfonf? (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;wGif yxrqH;k a'guw f mbarmf0ef}uD;csKyfjzpfc+hJ yD; !Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J ukd 1937 ckEpS /f rwfv (26) &ufae@wiG f pwifz@JG pnf;cJo h nf? yxr!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm æ (1) a'gufwmbarmf eef;&if;0ef/ b¾ma&; (2) a&$usiOf ;D yk opfawma&; (3) OD;ay:xGe;f jynfxaJ &; (4) om,m0wDOD;armifarmif ynma&; (5) OD;xGef;atmifausmf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; (6) apmazom tcGefawmf od@k aomf 1300 jynft h a&;awmfy}kH u;D a=umifh 1939 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif a'guw f mbarmf. !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&ðywfus+yD; OD;yk(a&$usif)acgif;aqmifonfh !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&wufvmcJhonf? tpdk;& oufwrf; (1) ESpEf iS hf (10) vtwGi;f a&eHajrtvkyo f rm;oydw/f ukvm;-Armt"du¶k%;f / Adv k af tmif ausmo f ydw/f rE aW v;tmZmenf (17) OD;usq;kH cJo h nft h a&;tcif;ponfh rñupH zl; }u;D rm;vSonfh vlxk tHºk urG '_ %furkd cHEikd o f jzifh a'guw f mbarmftpd;k & ðywfusomG ;cJ&h jcif;jzpfonf? 1941 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv wGif OD;yktpd;k &ðywfusjyefojzifh OD;apmtpd;k &wufonf? (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;acwf (5) ESpw f mumv twGif; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rsm;om zGJ@pnf;EdkifcJh+yD;/ xdk!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rsm;rSmvnf; r=umc% ðzwfcsjcif; cHcJh&ojzifh (5) ESpftwGif; tpdk;& (4) }udrf ajymif;cJhonf?

aumufy}JG u;D udk 1947 ckEpS /f {+yv D (9) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJo h nf? wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfwiG f trwfaygi;f (255) a,muf&o dS nf? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonft h cg zqyvu wESpt f wGi;f vGwv f yfa&;&&rnf [laomaºuG;a=umfoHjzifh a&G;aumufyGJ0ifcJhonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu a&G;aumufyw JG iG f atmif qef;-tufwvDpmcsKyu f kd ¶_wcf sonf? tqH;k owftm%modr;f yGt J wGuf zqyv-uGejf rLepf nD!w G =f u [laomaqmify'k jf zifh a&G;aumufy0JG ifco hJ nf? ocifp;kd . tvHeyD gwu D rl a&G;aumufyu JG kd oydwaf rSmuf¶rkH # omru t=urf;zufwm;qD;&ef/ rJ¶Hkrsm;udkrD;¶d_ &ef qHk;jzwfxm;cJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJwGif zqyvu tjywftowftEdik &f &Scd o hJ nf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfrtwGut f rwfae&m (182) ae&m teuf zqyv rS (171) ae&m&I uGefjrLepfrsm;u (7) ae&m&&SdcJh+yD;/ usefae&mrsm;wGif woD;yk*~vrsm;u &&So d nf? wdkif;ðyjynfðyv$wfawmf[lonfrSm wdkif;jynf.tem*wftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' a&;qGJ&efomjzpf+yD; ygvDrefv$wfawmfrsKd;r[kwfacs? vGwfvyfa&;a=unmcJh+yD;aemuf ygvDrefv$wfawmf. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;tm; aqmif&GufcJh aomfvnf; tajctaet&aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;omjzpfonf? xd@k a=umifh vGwv f yfa&;a=unmonfh 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufae@rSpI 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv (3) &ufae@ ygvDreftpnf;ta0; pxdkifonfh tawmtwGi;f wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmf (,m,DygvrD ef) [k ac:a0:cJo h nf? tqdyk g,m,DygvrD efrS orRw wifajr mufvu kd o f nfh p0fa&$ou kd t f m; ,m,DorRw/ tpd;k &tzG@J tm; ,m,Dtpd;k &[k ac:a0:cJo h nf? jrefrmEdik if rH S wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfonf awmfveS af &;w&yfatmifjrifojzifh jzpfay:vm&jcif; r[kwb f J atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyft& jzpfay:vmonfh wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfw&yfjzpfonf? xdpk Ofu zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'a&;qG+J yD; ,m,DtrsK;d om;v$waf wmftjzpf tpd;k &tzG@J zG@J pnf; xm;cJ&h mrS (18) vt=umwGif yxrt}udraf &G;aumufyu JG si;f y&rnf[k owfrw S x f m;cJo h nf? 1947 ckEpS /f tajccHOya' yk'rf (233) wGif tajccHOya't&usi;f yonfh yxrtrwfa&G;aumufyu JG kd TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonfhae@rSpI (18) vtwGif; usif;y&rnf [kjyXmef;xm;ojzifh vGwf vyfa&;ESit hf wl 1948 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f tajccHOya'tm%mwnfco hJ jzifh a&G;aumufyJG udk 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvrwdkif rDusif;y&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJudk 1951 ckESpf/ ZGefv (12) &ufae@rS 1952 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (3) &uf ae@txd (3) &pfcI JG usi;f ycJo h nf? vGwv f yfa&;a=unmt+yD; (3) vt=umrS pIjzpfay:vmcJo h nfh jynfwiG ;f ppfut kd a=umif;jyI a&$ qdik ;f vmcJjh cif;jzpfonf?

vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;acwf? xdrk S zqyvacwfwiG f vlwikd ;f rJay;Edik o f nfh wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmf a&G;aumufyo JG @kd wikd cf o hJ nf? atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfwiG o f abmwlco hJ nft h wdik ;f wdik ;f jynfðyv$waf wmftwGuf taxGaxGa&G;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

yxrt}udrf Oya'ðyv$waf wmfa&G;aumufy JG yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;y&ef qmbOD;acgif;aqmifaom a&G;aumufy}JG u;D =uyfprD aH &;tzG@J ukd 1949 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (19) &ufae@wiG f zG@J pnf;cJo h nf? if;tzG@J u yxrt}urd t f pD&ifcpH mudk 1949 ckEpS /f ZGev f (9) &ufae@wiG u f si;f yaom wdik ;f jynfðyv$waf wmf tpnf; ta0;wGifwifjyonf? if;tpD&ifcHpmt& qlylaomif;usef;r_rsm;a=umifh a&G;aumufyGJusif;yEdkifjcif; r&Sdao;I tajccHOya'ESifhnD!Gwfap&ef tajccHOya'yk'fr (233) wGifygaom tul;tajymif;umv owfrw S cf suu f kd (18) v[k jyifqifowfrw S cf o hJ nf? 'kw, d tpD&ifcpH mudk 1950 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (16) &ufae@ wdik ;f jynfðyv$waf wmftpnf;ta0;od@k wifoiG ;f onf? if;tpD&ifcpH mwGiv f nf; Edik if aH wmf. tajcaerSm vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyjJG zpfEikd o f nftxd aumif;rGerf r_ &Sad o;a=umif; wifjy

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jyefonf? xd@k a=umifh tul;tajymif;umvowfrw S cf suu f kd vaygi;f (40) [k jyifqifowfrw S cf o hJ nf? wwd,t}urd t f pD&ifcpH mwGif a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk wwdik ;f jynfv;kH twGuf (3) okwcf JG usi;f yay;rnf[k yg&Sdonf? xdkodk@usif;yay;&eftwGuf tul;tajymif;umvowfrSwfcsufudk aemufxyf (8) vwdk;I 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufae@txd wdk;jr ifhowfrSwfay;&ef wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf? xdk@a=umifh 1951 ck/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H (tajccHOya't& yxrtywfa&G;aumufyq JG ikd &f m) tul;tajymif; umvjyXmef;csuf trde@f udk twnfðy&ef 1951 ckEpS /f rwfv (15) &ufae@ wdik ;f jynfðyv$waf wmftpnf; ta0;Y tqdkwifoGif;cJhonf? if;tqdkudk wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu twnfðyonfhtwGuf zGJ@pnf; tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya' yk'rf (233) wGiyf g&o dS nfh tul;tajymif;umv owfrw S cf suu f kd (48) v [k jyifqifc=hJ uonf? Tod@k jzifh a&G;aumufyt JG ul;tajymif;umvudk (18) vrS (28) v/ v (40)/ (48) v [k oHk;}udrfwdkifjyifqifowfrSwfcJhonf? yxrt}udrfa&G;aumufyGJudk 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4) &uftwGif; usif;y&efjzpfonf? wzef a'ovdkufa&G;aumufyGJrsm;ðyvkyfrnfjzpfI tajccHOya'yk'fr 84 (1) udk acwWjyifqif&efxw k jf yefrnfh orRwtrde@f ukd v$waf wmfutwnfðy&efvnf; tqdw k ifoiG ;f cJh onf? twdkuftcHtrwfrsm;u a0zefuef@uGuf=uaomfvnf; zqyvtzGJ@u trwftiftm;rsm; aoma=umifh if;tqdu k t kd wnfðycJo h nf? a&G;aumufyu JG kd (3) okwcf I JG usi;f y&efjzpf+yD; yxrtokwf a&G;aumufyu JG kd 1951 ckEpS /f ZGev f (12) &ufae@wiG f pwifusi;f yonf? a&G;aumufy}JG u;D =uyfprD aH &;tzG@J u usif;yEdkif+yD[k owfrSwfxm;aome,frsm;wGifom we,f+yD;we,f usif;y&onf? zqyvonf 1951 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif pwifusif;yaoma&G;aumufyGJtqifhqifhwGif rdrdwdk@ tm%m qufvufwnfwahH &;twGuf enf;trsK;d rsK;d udo k ;kH pG=J uonf? twdu k t f cH Edik if aH &;orm;tcsK d udk 1947 ckEpS /f jynfo@l +idr0f yfyjd ym;a&; (xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufr)_ tufOya' yk'rf (5) jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif jcif;/ twdu k t f cHtrwfavmif;tcsK d ESihf if;wd@k .ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk owfjzwfjcif;/ zqyv qd&k , S v f pf rsm;. cg;ydu k af qmif vufeufuikd t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;jzpfaom ,ltrfyD (Union Military Police - jynfaxmif pk ppf&)J wyfz@JG rsm;/ ajymufusm;rsm;/ umuG,af &;rsm;u a&G;aumufyw JG iG f zqyv tEdik &f a&;twGuf +cdr;f ajcmufjcif;ponfh rw&m;tEdik u f sirhf r_ sm;udk usL;vGe=f uonf? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD;aemuf rJa& wGuo f nft h cgwiG v f nf; tm%m& zqyvtm%mydik rf sm;u rJy;kH rsm;udk csucf si;f rzGib hf /J rJy;kH rsm;azmuf I rJrsm;cd;k +yD;rSom rJa&wGu+f yD;/ zqyvtrwfavmif;tEdik &f &S&d ef aqmif&u G cf o hJ nfrsm;&Scd o hJ nf? 1951 ckESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif zqyvu rJcdk;onf[k,Hk=unfa=umif; xdkpOfu w&m;0ef}uD; OD;{armifu aemufyikd ;f wGi0f efccH o hJ nf[q k o kd nf? om,m0wDc¶dik /f rd;k ndKòrd e,fY 1951 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f zqyv qd&k , S v f pftrwftEdik f &a&;twGuf qdk&S,fvpfwyfrª; Adkvfrª;xGef;wiftkyfcsKyfaom trSwf (22) ,ltrfyDwyfrS wyfom;rsm; 0ifa&muf+cdr;f ajcmufaESmif, h u S o f jzifh zqyvtrwf tEdik &f &Scd o hJ nf? rif;vSòrd e,fwiG v f nf; trSwf (22) ,ltrfyw D yfz@JG rsm;ESihf qd&k , S v f pfajymufusm;rsm;onf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&mufaESmif, h u S u f m tEdik &f xm;onfh twdu k t f cHygww D ckrt S rwftm; rw&m;ta&;,lI trwftjzpfrS &yfpaJ pcJo h nf? yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJwGif zqyvtzGJ@csKyfESifhtwl Armjynftvkyf orm; v,form;ygw/D OD;atmifoef;. jynfo@l +ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J aygi;f pk/ Adv k x f eG ;f pde. f jynfo@l &aJ bmftzG@J / ocifApde. f Armjynf'rD u kd &ufwpfygw/D a'guw f mbarmf. r[mArmtzG@J / OD;bab. jynfcsprf [mrdwf

tzG@J / woD;yk*~v &cdkiftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@/ Arm-rGwfpvifuGef*&uf/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;tzGJ@/ atmif ygw/D tif'yD if;'ifyh gwpD aom tzG@J tpnf;rsK;d pHk yg0if,OS òf yid cf o hJ nf? Ta&G;aumufyw JG iG f vuf&t dS m%m& tzG@J vnf;jzpf/ tiftm;t}u;D qH;k Edik if aH &;tzG@J }u;D vnf;jzpfaom zqyvtzG@J csKyfu tEdik &f &Su d m tpd;k & zG@J co hJ nf? rJay;=uolrsm; teuf (60) &mE_e;f onf zqyvudk axmufcrH aJ y;cJ=h uonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f &&Sdaom rJta&twGufpm&if; twdtusudk 1954 ckESpftxd xkwfjyefEdkifjcif;r&SdcJhay? 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&v D (20) &ufae@xw k jf yefcsut f & pkpak ygi;f v$waf wmftrwf (233) ae&mwGif zqyvtzG@J csKyu f ae&maygif; (180) ESifh twdkuftcHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u (53) ae&m&&SdcJhonf? a&G;aumufyrJG mS w&m;r#wr_r&S[ d I l twdu k t f cHEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;u pGypf cJG =hJ uonf? e,frsm; wGif twdu k t f cHtrwfrsm;ESihf if;wd@k .ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; towfc=H u&onf[k qd=k uonf? ¡zm;tHe,f trwfavmif; OD;bquf/ a&$bt kd wdu k t f cHu, kd pf m;vS,/f yckULtwdu k t f cH ud, k pf m;vS,Ef pS Of ;D / rd v D m wGif twdu k t f cH ckepfO;D / tif;pdet f wdu k t f cHtrwfavmif; OD;xGe;f jrif/h &cdik t f rwf OD;bpdew f @kd vky=f ucH &H onf[k azmfjyxm;onf? Ek-tufwvDrS jynfawmfompcef;/ pm 22¢ twdkuftcH vuf0J/ vusFm Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf 1952 ckEpS /f {+yDv (1) &ufrS (4) &ufae@txd jynfv;kH u|wf rw&m;a&G;aumufyJG uGefz&ifhudk a'gufwmbarmf/ OD;atmifoef;/ ocifcspfarmif/ ocifvGif/ OD;b+idrf;paom EdkifiHa&;acgif; aqmifrsm;OD;aqmifum usif;ycJhonf? if;uGefz&ifhwGif (1) zqyv. cg;ydkufaqmif vufeufudkif tzGJ@rsm;onf zqyvtm; rJay;&ef jynfolrsm;tm; +cdrf;ajcmufonf? ¡wdkuf}uD;/ zsmyHk/ jrefatmif/ 0rf;wGi;f ponfw@kd wiG f twdu k t f cHrsm; ròyif0ahH tmif ppfwyfjzifh +crd ;f ajcmufonf? om,m0wD/ ppfuikd ;f / ysO;f rem;/ a&$b/kd yckUL/ rd v D mponfw@kd wiG f zqyv qd&k , S v f pfvufeufuikd w f yfrsm;u +crd ;f ajcmufrJ xnfhcdkif;onf[k azmfjyxm;onf? Ek-tufwvDrS jynfawmfompcef;/ pm 22 ¢ (2) zqyv tzGJ@csKyf tEdkif&a&;twGuf wyfrawmfu vdrRmyg;eyfpGm y&d,m,frsKd;pHkjzifhulnDcJhonf? (3) a&G;aumufyGJenf; Oya't& ud, k pf m;vS,v f w $ I f rJay;cGirhf &Sad omfvnf; jrpf}u;D em;rJqENe,fwiG f rJy;kH rsm;udx k rf;I wtdrf wufqif; rJxnfch ikd ;f onf ponfjzifh rw&m;r_rsm;udk axmufjy=uonf? xd@k aemuf jynfv;kH u|wf rw&m; a&G;aumufyu JG eG zf &ift h pD&ifcpH mudk xkwjf yefco hJ nf? if;tpD&ifcpH mwGif Oya'tvGo J ;kH pm;vkyrf r_ sm; ppfaq;a&;/ vufeuftvGJoHk;pm;r_ESifh n Of;yef;ESdyfpufr_rsm; ppfaq;a&;/ tm%mESifh tcGifhta&;rsm; tvGJoHk;pm;r_rsm; ppfaq;a&;/ 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm; tvGo J ;kH pm;r_rsm; ppfaq;a&;/ jrLeDpy,frw&m; a&G;aumufyGJrsm; ppfaq;a&;/ 'Drdkua&pDusqHk;r_rsm; pdppfa&;[lI ajcmufydkif;cGJum tpD&ifcHwifjyxm; onf? od@k aomf tm%mvuf&dS tiftm;t}u;D qH;k zqyvtzG@J csKyt f m; vGeq f efEikd jf cif;r&Scd ahJ y? tm%m& z-q-y-v qdk&S,fvpftpdk;&u aiG/ vufeuf/ tm%mwdk@jzifh rJcdk;onfrStp vlowfonftqH;k rw&m;ðyusichf o hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif jynfo@l vw $ af wmf yxrqH;k nDvmcH udk pwifEikd cf o hJ nf? xdEk pS f rwfv (12) &ufae@wiG f yxrqH;k aom Edik if aH wmforRwtjzpf a'guw f mbOD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? a&G;aumufyt JG óuu d mvwGif vlzrf;yG}J u;D rsm;/ vlowfy}JG u;D rsm;/ jyefay;qGrJ r_ sm;/ rD;¶d _ r_}u;D rsm;udk cg;ydu k af qmifwyfrsm;u ðyvkycf =hJ uonf? e,fcs J acwf 'dik t f mcDtyk cf sKyfa&;/ (91) Xmetkycf sKyfa&;umv rsm;u rJc;kd r_xuf}u;D us,o f nfrh cJ ;kd r_rsm; ðyvkycf =hJ uonf? a&G;aumufyu JG kd t&pfususi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfojzifh wae&mrS¶H_;aomf tjcm;wae&mrSxyfrH 0ifa&mufta&G;cs,fcHjcif;rsm;&SdcJhonf? Oyrm æ ocifwif

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

onf yxrtokwaf &G;aumufyw JG iG f om,m0wDc¶dik rf S 0ifa&mufta&G;cHc&hJ m ¶H;_ edrchf ahJ omfvnf;/ 'kw, d tokwfa&G;aumufyGJwGif jzL;rJqENe,frS jyefvnfta&G;cH&+yD; trwfjzpfvmcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD; aemuf yxrqHk;t}udrfusif;yonfh a&G;aumufyGJrSpI tm%m& zqyvqdk&S,fvpftpkd;&onf rJcdk; onfrStp vlowfonftqHk; rormr_rsm;/ rw&m;r_rsm;ðyusifhI tEdkif,lcJhonf?

onf? if;tjyif zqyv. jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;oabmxm;udak 0zefum awmwGi;f olyek rf sm;ESihf awG@qkH aqG;aEG;&ef ta&;qdkcJhonf? zqyvtpdk;&uvnf; 1955 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1) &ufrS 1956 ckEpS /f rwfv (31) &ufae@txd oufwrf;&Sad om vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGiu hf x kd w k jf yefco hJ nf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f zqyvu tESpf (40) tm%mwnfjrJ&rnf[ak ºuG;a=umfpnf;¶H;k cJo h nf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f zqyvu tEdik &f &Sad omfvnf; yrnwtzG@J EiS hf rJta&twGurf mS rsm;pGmruGmjcm;vSay? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f zqyvrS (1 743 816) rJ&&Scd +hJ y;D / yrnwrS (1 139 286) rJ &&Scd o hJ nf? yrnwtygt0if twdu k t f cH pkpak ygi;f taejzifh (1 530 630) rJ &&Scd o hJ nf? zqyvrS trwfae&m (144) ae&m/ yrnwrS trwfae&m (46) ae&m/ &cdik t f rsK;d om;tzG@J csKyfrS trwfae&m (6) ae&m/ woD;yk*v ~ trwfae&m (9) ae&m ponfjzifh &&SdcJhonf? yrnwtm; axmufcHrJta&twGufwdk;wufvmr_u zqyv.pnf;¶Hk;a&;usqif;r_udk ay:vGifaponf? zqyvtm; jynfolrsm;. axmufcHr_avsmhenf;vma=umif; azmfjyaeonf? a&G;aumufyEJG iS yhf wfoufI wzufEiS w hf zuf tjyeftvSepf yG pf rJG r_ sm;vnf;&Scd o hJ nf? yrnw u zqyvonf ppfwyfEiS hf jyLapmxD;rsm;a=umifh tEdik &f onf[pk yG pf o JG nf? Tudpu P kd v$waf wmfwiG f vnf; yrnwtrwfrsm;u a0zef=uonf? 1956 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (17) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yaom v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;wGif 0g;c,frajrmufyikd ;f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;wif&u D +y;D cJah om a&G;aumuf yGw J iG f tpd;k &onf 'Dru kd a&pDukd r,H=k unfatmifðyrlaea=umif;/ rJ¶t kH &m&Srd sm;onf t&nftcsi;f nHzh si;f onft h jyif/ twdu k t f cHtrwfavmif;rsm;tm; rw&m;ðyrl=ua=umif;/ ppfwyfu +cdr;f ajcmufrx J nfch ikd ;f a=umif;rsm;udk æ tJonfa'orSmqdv k #if a&G;aumufyrJG wdik rf t D csed u f mvrSm b,fvv kd yk o f vJ qdkawmh ppfwyfESifh ,lbD/ t,f(vf)bDawGESifhoGm;+yD; rJuwfjym;rsm;a0wJhtcgrSm z-q-y-vudk rJxnfhrS rJuwfjym;,l=u? z-q-y-v udk (5) a,mufbJrJxnfh rnfqdkv#if 5 apmifbJ,l? tjcm;vlrsm;udk rJay;rnfqdkv#if r,l=uESifhqdk+yD; ajym wm&Syd gw,f æ [lI wifjycJo h nf? xd@k jyif zqyv rJ&&Sad &;twGuf jyLapmxD;wyfrsm;udt k oH;k ðyum 'Dru kd a&pDvw G v f yf cGifhudk y,fzsufaoma=umifh rw&m;a&G;aumufyGJjzpfonf[lI yrnwrsm;u pGyfpGJ=uonf? yrnw onf aiGukd a&vdo k ;kH Edik af oma=umifv h nf;aumif;/ vufeufjzif+h crd ;f ajcmufI rJay;cdik ;f aoma=umifv h nf; aumif; rJ&onf[k zqyvuvnf; jyefveS pf yG pf cJG o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (28) &ufae@wiG f Adv k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;pD;aom ,m,Dtrd af pmifh tpd;k &tzG@J opfu Edik if aH wmftwGi;f +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_jyefvnf&&Sad &;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;twGuf vnf; aumif;/ vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;twGufvnf;aumif;/ oef@&Sif;zqyv tpdk;&xHrS tm%mudk v$Jajymif;vufcH,lcJhonf? zqyvtpdk;&xHrS tm%mv$Jajymif;,lcJhpOfu AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf 1959 ckESpf/ {+yDv rukerf D vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;usi;f yay;Edik &f ef vdt k yfaom tpDtpOf rsm;udk tpGrf;ukefaqmif&Gufay;ygrnf[k uwdðycJhonf? odk@aomf owfrSwfxm;aom umvtwGif; Edik if t H wGi;f tajctaerwnf+ird af o;onft h wGuf w&m;r#w vGwv f yfaoma&G;aumufy}JG u;D ðyvky&f ef rjzpfEdkifao;[k,lqojzifh 1959 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13) &ufae@wGif usif;yaom jynfol@v$wfawmf

'kw, d t}udrf Oya'ðyv$waf wmfa&G;aumufy JG jrefrmEdik if w H 0ef;vH;k Y 'kw, d t}urd f taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd 1956 ckEpS /f {+yv D (27) &ufae@ wGif usi;f ycJo h nf? wjynfv;kH rJqENe,f (250) teuf (220) wGif a&G;aumufyu JG kd wòydiw f nf;usi;f y onf? ,ckt}udrfwGif zqyv. t"duòydifbuftjzpf twdkuftcHygwDrsm; aygif;pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk (yrnw) tzG@J ay:ayguv f monf? yrnw tzGJ@rSm jynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD (wdk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;)/ jynfol@nD!Gwfa&;ygwD/ jynfol@+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ aygi;f pk/ Armjynftvkyo f rm;v,form;ygwD (qd&k , S ef )D / Armjynftvkyo f rm;tpnf;t¶H;k rsm; tzG@J csKyf (bDwD,lpD)/ awmifolv,form; nD!Gwfa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (wvnp)/ jynfol@vli,ftzGJ@csKyf/ w&m; r#wr_ygw/D rGew f ikd ;f &if;om;tpnf;t¶H;k / u&iftrsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif ref;xGe;f &iftp&Sad om woD;yk*v ~ rsm;/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;/ vlxkvlwef;pm;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ vlrsKd;pktzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;xm;aom tzG@J jzpfonf? yrnwonf 1955 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (9) &ufae@wiG f acgi;f aqmifrsm;vufrw S af &;xd;k I Ed0k ifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f w&m;0iftzG@J tpnf;tjzpf ay:ayguv f mcJo h nf? r=umrD ajrjyef@ csi;f trsK;d om;tpnf;t¶Hk;ESifh vli,fwyfOD;wdk@tjyif tr_xrf;or*~ OuUÏa[mif; OD;xGef;atmifausmfwdk@vnf; yl;aygi;f yg0ifvm=uonf? xdak emuf jynfo@l orH %dygwv D nf; yg0ifvmcJo h nf? zqyvonf usi;f yawmhrnfjzpfaom a&G;aumufyt JG Edik &f a&;twGuf enf;trsK;d rsK;d jzifh quf vufaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? tESpaf v;q,f tm%mwnf&rnf[al om aºuG;a=umfojH zifh pnf;¶H;k vH@_ aqmfchJ onf? a&G;aumufyGJtEdkif&&Sda&;twGuf zqyv =oZmcHr[kwfaom c¶dkif0efrsm;udk e,fajymif;jcif;/ zqyvESihf ,SOòf yid t f a&G;cHrnft h rwfavmif;rsm;bufrS aqmif&u G o f rl sm;udk zrf;qD;+crd ;f ajcmufjcif;ponfh tm%mtvGo J ;kH pm;r_rsm;udv k nf; ðyvkycf o hJ nf? yrnwtrwfavmif; ocifviG u f vnf; if;twGuf aqmif&u G af y;aeaom &Jabmfav;OD;towfc&H r_a=umifh rJqEN&iS rf sm;. vHðk crH u _ rkd &Edik /f w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJrjzpfEdkif[k ,lqojzifh a&G;aumufyGJa&$ qdkif;ay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf? rtlyifawmifydkif; anmifwkef;ESifh "EkjzLe,fwGifvnf; yrnwtrwfavmif; OD;b&ifonf jyLapmxD;rsm;. +cdrf;ajcmuf tE W&m,fay;r_a=umifh vlrsKd;pka&G;aumufyGJudk oydwfarSmufcJhonf? if;tjyif w&m;r#waom a&G; aumufyJG usi;f yay;a&;twGuf wdik =f um;pmrsm;vnf; ay;yd@k wifjy=uonfukd awG@&onf? a&G;aumufyJG twGif; twdkuftcHtrwfESifh au'gtcsdK@rSm jyLapmxD;umuG,fa&;wyfrsm;. vkyf=uHowfjzwfjcif; cH&onf[q k o kd nf? 1956 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (27) &ufae@ wGif jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh om,m0wD/ rif;vSa&G;aumufyJG av;avmif;òydifvlowfyGJ}uD;rSm vGefpGmt¶kyfqdk;vSonf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;wGif zqyv tzGJ@csKyf}uD;ESifhtwl yrnw/ ocifApdef. Armjynf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ a'gufwmAarmf. trsKd;om; tkyfpkwdk@ 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJhonf? yrnwonf tiftm;taumif;qHk; twdkuftcHygwDjzpfcJhonf? yrnwu jynfwiG ;f ppfrck s&yfp&J rnf[al om jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;aºuG;a=umfojH zifh a&G;aumufy0JG ifchJ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

nDvmcHY 0ef}u;D csKyf&mxl;rS Ekwx f u G cf +hJ y;D / taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;udpu P kd ygvrD efrq S ;kH jzwf&ef v$JtyfcJhonf? odk@aomf 1959 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGifusif;yaom ygvDrefv$wfawmfnDvmcH wGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;tm; 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) Oya'opft& jyefvnfwifajr mufco hJ jzifh 'kw, d t}udrf Adv k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;pD;aom tdraf pmift h pd;k & tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;cJo h nf? 1959 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@wiG f tdraf pmift h pd;k &u 1960 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&Dv (6) &ufae@wGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfjzpfa=umif; twdtvif; &ufowfrSwfa=unm cJo h nf?

owif;pmESifh Armhacwf owif;pmwdk@u oef@&Sif;zqyvtwGuf pnf;¶Hk;ay;cJhI r¾dKif owif;pmESifh taxmufawmf owif;pmwdk@u wnfjrJzqyvtwGuf pnf;¶Hk;ay;cJhonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; tòydif rJq, G cf =hJ u&mwGif ygwt D csi;f csi;f 0g'a&;&mòydiq f ikd jf cif;/ yk*Kd~ vfa&; a0zefwu kd cf u kd jf cif;/ owif;pmrsm;rS wqifh umwGef;rsm;/ aqmif;yg;rsm;jzifh ykwfcwfoa&mfjcif; ponfjzifh ygwDwdkufyGJrsm; jyif;xefcJhonf? a&G;aumufyt JG Edik &f a&;twGuf xdo k @kd a[majymrJq, G jf cif;/ a0zefyw k cf wfjcif;omruawmhbJ vufeuf jzifh wdkufcdkufvmonftxd tm;òydifr_t&Sdeft[kefjrifhrm;vmcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (14) &ufae@wiG f jynfc¶dik /f oJuek ;f òr d e,f/ oef@&iS ;f zqyvtzG@J twGi;f a&;rª;OD;jrvdi_ Ef iS hf oef@&iS ;f trwfavmif; OD;cspaf rmifw@kd oJuek ;f rS ykw;D uke;f od@k rJq, G pf nf;¶H;k a&;oGm;pOf vufypfA;kH ESit hf ypfc&H ojzifh OD;jrvdi_ rf mS wifyg;wGi'f %f&m&+yD; aq;¶Hw k ifc&hJ onf? 1960 jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&v D (26) &ufae@wiG f +rdwòf rd Y oef@&iS ;f zqyvOuUÏ udkbarmiftm; wnfjrJzqyvtzGJ@0if vli,fwOD;u "m;jzifhxdk;cJhojzifh udkbarmif. vuf0b J uf&iftw kH iG f '%f&m&&Scd o hJ nf? oef@&iS ;f zqyvrJy;kH rsm;wGif oef@&iS ;f zqyvtzG@J csKyf OuUÏOD;Ek."mwfyEkH iS hf oufqikd &f mtrwf avmif;.trnfudk azmfjyxm;onf? rJyHk;wGif omoema&mifjzpfonfh t0ga&mifudkoHk;cJhI ta&G;cHol oef@&Sif;trwfavmif;rsm;. rJyHk;rsm;wGif OD;Ek."mwfyHkudk xif&Sm;pGmuyfxm;jcif;jzifh rJqEN&Sifrsm;u OD;Eku, kd w f ikd f 0ifa&mufta&G;cHonf[k xifa,mifxifrmS ;jzpfatmifvn S phf m;cJo h nf? wnfjrJ zqyv rJy;kH rsm;wGif wnfjrJzqyvtvHawmftwdik ;f aemufct H eDa&mif/ vuf0aJ xmifw h iG f axmifih g;axmifyh g =u,fjzLwyGihf tv,fwiG f zqyv[laom tjzLa&mifpmvH;k / atmufq;kH tv,fem;wGif tjzLcH tay: Y oufqikd &f mtrwfavmif.trnfukd teDa&mifjzifh a&;om;xm;onf? yrnwrJy;kH rsm;wGif tjyma&mif aemufcHwGif t0ga&mif=u,fyGifhwyGifhESifh oufqdkif&mtrwfavmif;trnfudk azmfjyxm;onf? jrefrmwEdik if v H ;kH Y rJqEN&iS af ygi;f (9 958 675) OD; &Scd o hJ nf? a&G;aumufyu JG kd rJqENe,f (250) &So d nft h euf (23) ae&mudk aomif;use;f olrsm;. aESmif, h u S +f crd ;f ajcmufr/_ trwfavmif;rsm;. raus eyfra_ =umifh w&m;v$waf wmf¶;kH rsm;. tqH;k tjzwfrusao;r_rsm;a=umifh a&G;aumufyaJG &$ qdik ;f cJ&h onfrS vGI J userf ¶J rkH sm;wGif a&G;aumufyu JG kd wòydiw f nf;usi;f yEdik cf o hJ nf? oef@&iS ;f zqyvu (203) ae&mwGif tEdkif&cJh+yD;/ wnfjrJzqyvu (39) ae&mwGif tEdkif&cJhonf? yrnwu a&;òrd wae&mwGifom tEdkif&cJhonf? oef@&Sif;rS wnfjrJwdk@xuf rJav;qausmf tomjzifh tEdkif&&SdcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;wGif bufvdkufjcif;/ rw&m;ðyvkyfjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;rsm; &Scd o hJ nf? a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;aemuf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifaom tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tzGJ@rS a&G;aumuf yGw J iG f tEdik &f &Scd ahJ om jynfaxmifpyk gwD (yxp) [k trnfopfc, H x l m;onfh OD;EkO;D aqmifaom tpd;k & tzGJ@opfodk@ tm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhonf? 1962 ckESpftxd jynfaxmifpk (yxp) tpdk;&rS wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1962 ckEpS /f rwfv (2) &ufae@wiG f Adv k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifonfh awmfveS af &;aumifprD S tm%mjyeford ;f cJo h nf? orRw}uD; ref;0if;armiftygt0if 0ef}uD;csKyfO;D EkEiS hf tjcm;Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmif trsm;tjym;udk zrf;qD;axmifcsxm;cJhonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;vufrS tm%mv$Jajymif;&,lcJhonfh OD;EkrmS axmifxw J iG f &ufaygi;f (1 699) &ufaecJ&h +y;D 1966 ckEpS /f atmufwb k d mv (27) &ufae@wiG rf S jyefvw G o f nf?

wwd,t}udrf Oya'ðyv$waf wmfa&G;aumufy JG wwd,t}udraf &G;aumufyu JG kd 1960 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (6) &ufae@wiG f ,m,Dtrd af pmifh tpd;k &uusi;f yay;cJo h nf? 1958 ckEpS /f {+yv D (27) &ufae@wiG f oef@&iS ;f -wnfjr[ J I l zqyvuG+J y;D aemuf yxrqH;k usi;f yonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;twGuf óudwifjyifqif+yD;aemuf tdrfapmifhtpdk;&onf vuf&Sd ygvrD efukd 1959 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@wiG f zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? xd@k aemuf 1959 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@wiG f Edik if aH wmforRwu 1948 ckEpS /f ygvrD efa&G;aumufyt JG ufOya' yk'rf (15) ESihf 1948 ckESpf/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJ enf;Oya'wGif jyXmef;xm;aom tm%mudktoHk;ðyv#uf trwftjzpf ta&G;cH&ef trnfwifoiG ;f &rnfah e@/ trnfwifoiG ;f v$mrsm;udk =unf¶h p_ pfaq;&rnfah e@/ ta&G;cHot l jzpf trnfwifoGif;v$m Ekwfodrf;&efae@/ trsm;jynfol rJay;&efae@ESifh rJa&wGuf&efae@rsm;udk jyXmef;owf rSwaf =unmonf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJeD;uyfvmonfhtwGuf yg0if,SOfòydifrnfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;onf rJq, G f pnf;¶H;k jcif;/ a&G;aumufy0JG g'vrf;pOfrsm;a=unmcsurf sm;jzifh v_y&f mS ;vm=uonf? Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf yg0if,OS òf ydirf nfh Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf twm;tqD;r&Sd vGwv f yfpmG w&m; a[majym rJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;cJh=uonf? a&G;aumufyGJtEdkif&a&;twGuf rJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;v_yf&Sm;&mwGif ygwDrsm;u rdrd0g'ESihfvrf;pOfrsm;udka=unm+yD; rJqG,fr_rsm;ðyvkyfcJh=uonf? a&G;aumufyGJumvtwGif; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;onf rJqG,fa[majymjcif;/ vufurf;pmapmif/ pmwrf;rsm;xkwaf 0jcif;/ owif;pmrsm;rS wqifh pnf;¶H;k jcif;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;ud, k w f ikd f e,fvn S phf nf;¶H;k a[majymjcif;paom enf;trsKd;rsKd;udkoHk;pGJcJh=uonf? txl;ojzifh t"dutiftm;}uD;ygwD}uD;rsm;jzpf aom wnfjrJESifh oef@&Sif;zqyvESpfzGJ@onf vltiftm;/ aiGtiftm;oHk;um tòydifrJqG,fv_yf&Sm;cJh=u onf? ygw}D uD;ESp&f yf. acgi;f aqmifyikd ;f wGif wOD;tay:wOD; ykwcf wftjypf&mS a[majyma&;om;r_rsm; omru òrd e,fatmufajctqifhrsm;wGifyg yÉdyuQrsm; toGiftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ay:vmcJhonf? wnfjrJ zqyv ESifh oef@&Sif;zqyv tzGJ@}uD;ESpfcku tm;òydifrJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;qif;=uonfhenf;wl yrnwuvnf; yrnwtrwfavmif;rsm; tEdkif&a&;twGuf v_yf&Sm;cJh=uonf? rJq, G pf nf;¶H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk a&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf yid rf nfh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vrf sm; omru owif;pmtcsK d uvnf; rdrw d @kd vv kd m;&mbufo@kd vdu k I f a&;om;=uonf? jynfaxmifpak e@pOf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf? 1962 ckEpS /f rwfv (2) &ufae@ eHeufyikd ;f wGif wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmif (17) OD;yg0ifonfh jynf axmifpo k rRwjrefrmEdik if aH wmf awmfveS af &;aumifpu D kd zG@J pnf;cJo h nf? awmfveS af &;aumifpOD uUÏtjzpf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;rS aqmif&GufcJhonf? vlxq k EN/ vlxek nf;rygbJ ppfwyfenf;oufoufjzifh tm%modr;f cJjh cif;udk ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m u&iftrsK;d om;rsm;tzG@J csKyf/ &efuek w f uUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*~/ &efuek cf ¶dik f ausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ rE aW v;wuUov kd /f armfvòrdiaf umvdyEf iS hf ykord af umvdy&f dS ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ tzG@J tpnf;rsm;u qef@usiu f ef@ uGucf =hJ uonf? 1962 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (7) &ufae@wiG f &efuek w f uUov kd af usmif;om; nD!w G f a&;wyfO;D rS OD;aqmifI pDwef;vSnv hf nfqENjycJ=h uonf? &efuek w f uUov kd af usmif;om;or*~ OuUÏ/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*~tzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUÏESifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmiftcsdK@tm; ppftkyfpku zrf;qD;cJhonf? &JESifhausmif;om;rsm; tcsif;csif; cJrsm;/ rsuf&nf,dkAHk;rsm;jzifh tjyeftvSef ypfcwfonftxd us,jf yef@vmcJo h nf? &Jwyfrsm;¶kyo f rd ;f +yD; ppfwyfrS aoewfjzifyh pfcwf vlpck cJG o hJ nf? ppftyk pf u k wuUov kd o f r*~taqmufttHt k m; tkwjf rpftxdruseaf patmifwu G cf su+f yD;/ ,rf;bDv;l rsm;jr KyfESHI Zlvdkifv (8) &ufae@ eHeufvif;tm;}uD;wGif òzdcGJcJhonf? awmfveS af &;aumifpo D nf 1962 ckEpS /f {+yv D (30) &ufae@wiG f Edik if aH wmf awmfveS af &;aumifpD . 0g'oabmxm;a=unmcsufjzpfaom jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 1962 ckEpS /f arv (9) &ufae@wiG f A[dv k ðkH caH &;ESihf tkycf sKyfra_ umfrwD/ jynfe,f§wdik ;f vHðk caH &; ESihf tkycf sKyfra_ umfrwD/ c¶dik v f ðkH caH &;ESihf tkycf sKyfra_ umfrwD/ òr d e,fvðkH caH &;ESihf tkycf sKyfra_ umfrwD/ òr d r§ aus;&GmvHkðcHa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD tqifhqifhudkzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD; 1962 ckESpf/ arv (17) &ufae@rSpI jynfe,f/ wdik ;f / c¶dik /f òrd e,frsm;&Sd w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf &yf&mG at;csr;f a&; OD;pD;tzG@J rsm;udk vHðk cHa&;ESihf tkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwDtoD;oD;odk@ ajymif;vJcJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4) &ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH Oya'udak =unmI jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD (The Burma Socialist Programme Party) udk tðraw ygwt D jzpf xlaxmifco hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS /f rwfv (28) &ufae@wiG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwED iS hf ,if;ygw. D OD;aqmifru _ kd cH,al om tzG@J tpnf;rsm;rSty useEf ikd if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;tm;vH;k udk zsuo f rd ;f onfOh ya'jzpfaom 1964 ckEpS /f trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udu k muG,o f nfh Oya' udk awmfveS af &;aumifpu D jyXmef;cJo h nf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDtm;vHk;udk zsufodrf;vdkuf+yD; jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk wygwDpepfjzifh pwiftaumif txnfazmfcJhonf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwo D nf tðrawygwt D qifrh S jynfo@l ygwt D jzpfo@kd a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? ,cifu awmfveS af &;aumifpo D nf Edik if aH &;OD;aqmifrw _ iG f tjrifq h ;kH tzG@J tpnf; jzpfchJ &mrS jynfo@l ygwjD zpfvmonft h cg jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwo D nf Edik if aH &;OD;aqmifygwjD zpfvmcJo h nf? 1962 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd awmfveS af &;aumifprD S wygwt D m%m&Sipf epfjzifh tkycf sKyfc+hJ yD;/ jynfo@l qENc, H o l nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;r&Scd yhJ g? Adv k cf sKy}f u;D ae0if;onf 1972 ckEpS /f {+yv D (21) &ufae@wiG f wyfrawmfrt S +ird ;f pm;,lc+hJ y;D / OD;ae

0if; jzpfvmcJhonf? if;ESifhtwl tjcm;wyfrawmft&m&Sd}uD; (20) OD;vnf; wyfrawmfrS t+idrf;pm; ,lcJh=u+yD;/ tm%mudk (rlvydkif&Sif jynfolvlxkxHodk@) t&yfom;tpdk;&vufodk@ jyefvnftyfESif; av[ef pDpOfr_udk óudwifjyifqifvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufyGJrsm;udk 1974 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (27) &ufae@rS azazmf0g&v D (10) &ufae@txd ðyvkycf o hJ nf? pkpak ygi;f rJqENe,f (451) e,fwGif rJqENe,f (450) Y w}udrfwnf;jzifh qENrJxuf0ufausmf&&Sd+yD; atmifjrifpGma&G;cs,f Edik cf o hJ nf? yvuf0òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufyJG txajrmuf aomfvnf; vma&mufqENrJay;olOD;a&.xuf0ufausmf qENrJr&ojzifh udk,fpm;vS,fa&G;cs,fwif ajr mufEikd jf cif;r&Scd ahJ cs? 'kw, d t}udrf a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufyt JG wGuf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f &ef tcsed rf vHak vmufojzifh tqdyk g rJqENe,f. a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufyu JG kd zsuo f rd ;f cJ&h onf? yxrt}udrf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfEiS hf jynfo@l aumifpt D qifq h ifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufyrJG sm;wGif rJqEN e,fwcktwGuf ,SOfòydifolr&SdbJ/ wOD;wnf;om a&G;cs,fwifajr mufcH&efjzpfv#if ,if;udk,fpm; vS,af vmif;tm; axmufco H nfrh yJ ;kH ESihf uef@uu G o f nfrh yJ ;kH ESpyf ;kH omxm;&onf? rJy;kH rsm;ay:wGif ud, k pf m; vS,af vmif;.trnfukd a&;om;xm;+yD;/ axmufco H nfrh yJ ;kH Y axmufco H nf [laom pmESihf trSwf tom;udv k nf;aumif;/ uef@uu G o f nfrh yJ ;kH Y uef@uu G o f nf [laom pmESihf trSwt f om;udv k nf; aumif; a&;om;xm;onf? rJqENe,fwckwGif ,SOfòydifta&G;cHol wOD;xufydkI&Sdv#if ,if;odk@,SOfòydif ta&G;cHol ta&twGu&f o dS avmuf rJy;kH ta&twGuðf yvkypf pD Ofxm;onf? rJy;kH toD;oD;wGif oufqikd &f m jynfo@l u, kd pf m;vS,f avmif;rsm;.trnfrsm;udk xif&mS ;pGma&;om;xm;onf? rJ¶w kH ¶Hpk w D iG f &yfuu G /f aus;&Gmtkypf k jynfo@l aumifp0D ifavmif;twGuf qENraJ y;cef;/ òr d e,f jynfo@l aumifp0D ifavmif;twGuf qENraJ y;cef;/ jynfe,f/ wdik ;f jynfo@l aumifp0D ifavmif;twGuf qENraJ y;cef;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k f pm;vS,af vmif;twGuf qENraJ y;cef;[lI qENraJ y;cef; tcef; (4) cef;pDxm;&So d nf? jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pf vrf;pOfygw/D A[dak umfrwDrS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfEiS hf jynfe,f/ wdik ;f jynfo@l aumifpt D qifh ud, k pf m;vS,f avmif;pm&if;udk ðypkay;onf? jynfol@v$wfawmftqifhwGif ygwDA[dkaumfrwDrS &mxm;ay;olrsm;/ jynfe,f/ wdik ;f / òr d e,f/ &yfuu G /f aus;&Gmtkypf k tqifrh sm;wGif a'oygwaD umfrwDrS &mxm;ay;olrsm;tm; ESpo f ufoabmusonf jzpfap/ rESpo f ufonfjzpfap a&G;cs,af y;=u&onf? jzpfonfeh nf;ESihf &atmif aqmif&u G af y;=u&ojzifh rormr_rsm;&Scd o hJ nf? trJy;kH rSrrJ sm; tjzLyH;k od@k aemufyikd ;f wGif ajymif;xnfjh cif; rsm; &SdcJhonf? 'kwd,t}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufyGJrsm;udk 1978 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1) &ufae@rpS I (15)&ufae@txd ðyvkycf o hJ nf? 'kw, d t}urd f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfhrJqENe,faygif; (464) ck&SdcJhonf? wwd,t}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk zG@J pnf;Edik &f ef wwd,t}urd f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfEiS hf jynfo@l aumifpt D qifq h ifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufyrJG sm;udk 1981 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (4) &ufae@rpS I (30) &ufae@txd ðyvkycf o hJ nf? wwd,t}udrjf ynfo@l v$waf wmftwGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh rJqENe,faygi;f (475) ck &Scd o hJ nf? pwkwt }urd jf ynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd zG@J pnf;Edik &f eftwGuf pwkwt }urd f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfEiS hf jynfo@l aumifpt D qifq h ifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufyJG rsm;udk 1985 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (6) &ufae@rSpI (20) &ufae@txd usif;yðyvkyfcJhonf? pwkw

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,faygif; (489) ck&SdcJhonf? 1972 ckEpS u f ppfbufrt S +idr;f pm;,lI t&yf0wfajymif;0wfc=hJ uonfh awmfveS af &;aumifpD 0ifrsm;jzpfonfh OD;ae0if; (,cifAv kd cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;) onf &efuek w f ikd ;f / r&rf;uke;f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS vnf;aumif;/ OD;pde0f if; (,cifAv kd rf ;ª csKyfped 0f if;) onf weoFm&Dwikd ;f / xm;0,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) rS vnf;aumif;/ OD;aomif;=unf (,cifAv kd rf ;ª }uD;aomif;=unf) onf ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / a&$brkd q J ENe,f trSwf (1) rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;ausmpf ;kd (,cifAv kd rf ;ª }uD;ausmpf ;kd ) onf yJc;l wdik ;f / ewWvif;rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;oef;pdef (,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;oef;pdef) onf rauG;wdkif;/ yckuULrJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS vnf;aumif;/ a'guw f mvS[ef (,cifAv kd rf ;ª }uD;vS[ef) onf {&m0wDwikd ;f / zsmyHrk q J ENe,f trSwf (1) rSvnf;aumif;/ a'gufwmarmifvGif (,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;armifvGif) onf rE Wav;wdkif;/ ausmufqnf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;armifarmifc (,cifAv kd rf ;ª }uD; armifarmifc) onf &efuek w f ikd ;f / vdi_ rf q J ENe,f trSwf (2) rSvnf;aumif; a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufccH =hJ u&onf?

tajccHOya' yk'fr (66) t& OD;ae0if;onf jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. yxrorRw jzpfvmcJhonf? vlxkqENrygbJ ppfwyfrSodrf;,lxm;cJhonfhtm%mudk &,lxm;cJhonfh awmfvSefa&; aumifpDOuUÏ OD;ae0if;xHrS jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf.orRw OD;ae0if;xHodk@ vlxkxHrS w&m;0iftm%mtyfESif;onfhtoGif a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf? 1988 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (23) &ufae@wiG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwt D a&;ay: ygwn D v D mcHukd usKu d q U u H iG ;f / q&mpHcef;rY pwifusi;f ycJo h nf? xdn k v D mcHwiG f ygwOD uUÏ}u;D OD;ae0if;u rwfvESiZhf eG v f ta&;tcif;jzpfc&hJ r_wiG f oG,0f u kd af omenf;jzifh wm0efruif;[k ,lqaoma=umifv h nf;aumif;/ touf t&G,af xmufvmjcif;a=umifv h nf;aumif; ygwOD uUÏwm0efEiS hf ygw0D iftjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y&ef arwWm &yfcHcJhonf? if;ESifhwygwnf; EkwfxGufcGifhðyEdkif&eftwGuf vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;pef;,k/ OD;at;udk/ OD;pdefvGif/ ol&OD;xGef;wifESifh ol&OD;ausmfxifwdk@uvnf; EkwfxGufv$m wifxm;a=umif; ajym=um;cJhonf? wcsed w f nf;rSmyif nDvmcHo@kd wygwpD epfEiS yhf gwpD pkH epf ESpcf t k euf rnfonfph epfuakd &G;cs,f a=umif;/ wjynfv;kH a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+y;D tqH;k tjzwfc, H &l ef/ ygwpD pkH epfuakd xmufcv H #if xGuv f o kd rl sm; .qENudk vdkufavsmcGifhðy+yD;/ usefygwD0ifrsm;u EdkifiHawmf.wm0efrsm;udk qufvufxrf;aqmif&ef/ rnfonfhpepfudk vlxkuaxmufcHapumrl ygwDOuUÏtaejzifh EdkifiHa&;udkausmcdkif;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ aemifwiG q f yl rl j_ zpfygu wyfrawmfukd xda&mufpmG toH;k csa&;wd@k ukd rde@f =um;oGm;cJo h nf? nDvmcHu jynfvHk;u|wfqENcH,lyGJusif;ya&;tm; y,fcsvdkuf+yD; ygwDOuUÏESifh 'kwd,OuUÏ wdk@udk ygwD0iftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhrðybJ tem;,lcGifhay;cJhonf? EkwfxGufcGifhwifjyxm;aom tjcm; acgi;f aqmifrsm;udv k nf; Ekwx f u G cf iG rhf ðycJah y? Zlvikd v f (26) &ufae@wiG u f si;f yaom A[dak umfrwD '\rt}urd t f pnf;ta0;wGif OD;pdev f iG f tm; ygwDOuUÏtjzpfwifajr mufcJhonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfOD;armifarmifcESifh jynfol@Oya' tusKd;aqmiftzGJ@OuUÏ OD;jrifharmifwdk@tm; rwfvtwGif;jzpfyGm;cJhaomta&;tcif;wGif jzpfay: vm aomudprP sm;twGuf wm0efruif;a=umif;awG@&&dS ojzifh &mxl;rSEw k yf ,fco hJ nf? Zlvikd v f (27) &ufae@wiG f pwkwt }urd jf ynfo@l vw $ af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk qufvuf usi;f y&m ,if;tpnf;ta0;u OD;pdev f iG t f m; Edik if aH wmfaumifpOD uUÏESihf Edik if aH wmforRwtjzpf a&G;cs,f wifajr mufco hJ nf? xd@k jyif Edik if aH wmfaumifpt D wGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf ol&OD;ausmx f if/ Edik if aH wmf0ef}uD;csKyf tjzpf ol&OD;xGef;wifESifh jynfol@Oya'tusKd;aqmiftzGJ@OuUÏtjzpf a'gufwmarmifarmifwdk@udk a&G;cs,f wifajr mufcJh=uonf? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (8) &ufae@wiG f jrefrmjynfw0ef; &Spaf v;vH;k jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH uD;jzpfymG ;cJo h nf? &Spaf v;vH;k 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif &[ef;&Siv f /l ausmif;om; jynfol w&yfvHk;u 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk toufaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm pGef@v$wfay;vªum &J0ifhpGm awmif;qdk wdu k yf 0JG ifc=hJ uonf? ,ae@xufwikd f rwGe@f rqkwf 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;twGuf wdu k yf 0JG if&if;/ qif;&Jyifyef;}uD;pGmjzif/h toufuykd ifpeG @f vw $ o f nftxd wdu k yf 0JG ifvsu&f adS e=uonf? jzpfyGm;cJhaom ta&;tcif;twGif; xdef;odrf;cJh&r_wdk@udkwm0ef,laomtm;jzifh 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwv f (12) &ufae@wiG f OD;pdev f iG o f nf jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD OuUÏtjzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ Edik if H

jynfaxmifpq k &kd , S v f pforRwjrefrmEdik if aH wmfacwf? 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf jynfol@ v$wfawmf yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk &efukefòrd / tvHkvrf;/ tpdk;&a*[m0if;twGif;&Sd A[dktpnf; ta0;cef;rY pwifusif;ycJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (450) pHknD wufa&mufcJh=uonf? tpnf;ta0;pwifusi;f yonfh yxrae@wiG f awmfveS af &;aumifpOD uUÏ OD;ae0if;u ,ae@ ,cktcsed rf S pI Edik if aH wmftcsKyftjcmtm%mudk rlvydik &f iS t f ppfjzpfol wdik ;f &if;om;jynforl sm;tm;ud, k pf m;ðyonfh Tjynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd awmfveS af &;aumifprD S jyefvnftyfEiS ;f a=umif; awmfveS af &;aumifp. D ud, k pf m; a=ujimtyfygonf [k a=unmcJo h nf? qufvufwnf&&dS ef rvdt k yfawmhojzifh awmfveS af &;aumifpD tm; zsuo f rd ;f a=umif;udv k nf; a=unmcJo h nf? tajccHOya'ESifhtnD 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf yxrtpnf; ta0;udu k si;f y+yD; Edik if aH wmftm%mudk jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@kd v$aJ jymif;ay;tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfonf EdkifiHom;rsm;.udk,fpm; EdkifiHawmf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk cH,l usifhoHk;aom EdkifiHawmf. tjrifhqHk;tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonf? jynfol@v$wfawmf. yHkrSwfoufwrf;onf jynfol@v$wfawmf yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0; usi;f yonfah e@rpS I (4) ESpjf zpfonf? Edik if aH wmfOya'ðytm%monf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfwiG o f mwnf&o dS nf? Edik if aH wmf. pDrcH ef@crJG _ tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifr_tm%mwdk@udkrl jynfol@v$wfawmfonf A[dkESifha'oqdkif&m tm%mydkiftzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;tm; zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESit hf nD cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f Edik o f nf[k 1974 ckEpS /f jynfaxmifpq k &kd , S f vpforRwjrefrmEdik if aH wmf zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif jyXmef;yg&o dS nf? xd@k aemuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu tzG@J 0if (28) OD;yg0ifaom jynfaxmifpq k &kd , S v f pforRw jrefrm EdkifiHawmf. EdkifiHawmfaumifpDudk a&G;cs,fzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0ifrsm;u wzef EdkifiHawmf aumifpD. OuUÏtjzpf OD;ae0if;tm;vnf;aumif;/ twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf AdkvfcsKyf}uD; pef;,ktm;vnf; aumif; a&G;cs,w f ifajr muf=uonf? Tod@k jzifh jynfaxmifpq k &kd , S v f pforRwjrefrmEdik if aH wmf zG@J pnf;yHk

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

awmforRwESifh EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuUÏtjzpfrSvnf;aumif; E_wfxGufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19) &ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ygwDA[dkaumfrwD (11) }urd af jrmuftpnf;ta0;udk &efuek òf r d / jynfo@l vw $ af wmftpnf;ta0;cef;rY usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nf? xdk tpnf;ta0;rS a'guw f marmifarmiftm; jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwOD uUÏtjzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufchJ onf? xd@k aemuf qufvufusi;f yaom pwkwt }urd f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;rS a'guf wmarmifarmiftm; EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuUÏESifh EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpf wifajr mufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ta&;ay: ygwD nDvmcHukd &efuek òf rd / jynfo@l vw $ af wmftpnf;ta0;cef;rY usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nf? xdn k v D mcHu ygwpD kH pepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&ef qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S cf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f Edik if aH wmfw0ef;Y tbufbufr, S , kd iG ;f aeaom tajctaeudk tcsed rf x D ed ;f odr;f Edik &f eftwGu[ f q k u kd m umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf Adv k cf sKyf}u;D apmarmif OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&u G af om Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS a=unmcsut f rSwf (1§88) jzifh Edik if aH wmftm%mt&yf&yfukd wyfrawmfu vH;k 0wm0ef,v l u kd af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? jrefrmhEikd if aH &; ordik ;f wGif ppfwyfrt S m%modr;f r_ oH;k }udr&f cdS o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS w f iG f w}udr/f 1962 ckEpS w f iG f w}udrEf iS hf ,ck 1988 ckESpfwGif w}udrfjzpfonf?

a&muf,OS òf yid cf o hJ nfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f (93) zG@J &cdS +hJ y;D / ygwu D , kd pf m;ðy v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; vS,af vmif; (2 209) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (87) OD; &Scd o hJ nf? jrefrmhordik ;f wGif ygwDta&twGuf trsm;qHk;a&G;aumufyGJ0ifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJjym;/ rJyHk; toHk;ðyonfhpepftpm; rJqENyHkpHpm&Gufpepfodk@ ajymif;vJusio hf ;kH cJo h jzifh rJc;kd r_/ rJvrd rf r_ sm; yaysmufomG ;cJah =umif;awG@&&dS onf? jrefrmhEikd if aH &;ordik ;f wGif wygwpD epfrS ygwpD pkH epfo@kd u;l ajymif;onfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? 1947 ckESpf/ yxrqHk;t}udrfusif;ycJhaomygwDpHka&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolvlxku AdkvfcsKyf atmifqef; OD;aqmifaom z-q-y-v udk wcJeufraJ y;I a&G;aumufc=hJ uonf? 'kw, d t}udru f si;f y cJah om 1960 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f OD;EkO;D aqmifaom y-x-p tm; wcJeufraJ y;I a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufc=hJ u+y;D / ppfwyfausmaxmufaemufcðH y wnfjrJ z-q-y-vtm; jynfou l qef@usiaf =umif; azmfjycJh=uonf? wwd,t}udrfusif;ycJhaom 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolu a':atmif qef;pk=unfOD;aqmifaom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; wcJeufrJay;I a&G;aumufcJh+yD; jrefrmh qd&k , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD (r-q-v) wjzpfvJ ppfwyfausmaxmufaemufcðH y wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G f a&;ygwD (w-p-n) tm; qef@usifa=umif; azmfjycJh=uonf? 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D onf jrefrmhordik ;f wGiu f si;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD pkH epfa&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif aoG;xGuo f , H rkd E_ iS hf t=urf;zufrt _ uif;&Si;f qH;k ESihf tr#wqH;k a&G;aumufyJG tjzpf rSww f rf;wif&rnfomjzpfayonf? ÙÙÙÙÙ

EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (e0w) acwf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (21) &ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya'udk jyXmef;ay;cJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f Oya'trSwf (4§88) jzifh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'udk jyXmef; cJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (28) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifOuUÏrS EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif; enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf (1) jyXmef;csuu f kd a=unmcJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f e-0-w OuUÏu Oya'trSwf (6§88) jzifh toif;tzGJ@rsm;zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya'udk jyXmef;a=umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (6) &ufae@wiG f Edik if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;. wd;k wufrt _ ajctaersm;t& EdkifiHa&;ygwD wckESifhwck yl;aygif;r[mrdwfðyjcif;/ ygwDwck. ygwDcGJw&yftjzpf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; ponft h csut f vufrsm;udk a&G;aumufyEJG iS q hf ikd af om a&S vkyif ef;pOfrsm;Y wGucf supf pD Ofaqmif&u G Ef ikd f a&;twGuf aumfr&Sio f @kd 1988 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvrukerf D ta=umif;=um;&ef aumfr&Sirf S Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; tm; arwWm&yfcHcJhonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;udk usi;f ycJh onf? owfrw S x f m;onfh rJqENe,f (492) e,f&o dS nft h euf (485) e,fwiG f a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yEdik cf o hJ nfh twGuf wjynfv;kH &Sd rJqENe,fajrrsm;. (98 ² 58) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f wGif a&G;aumufyrJG sm; usi;f yEdik cf jhJ cif;jzpfonf? rJay;ydik cf iG &hf o dS Ol ;D a& oef; (20) ausm&f o dS nft h euf (15) oef;ausmv f m a&mufraJ y;cJo h jzifh qENraJ y;r_ &mcdkifE_ef;tm;jzifh (72) &mcdkifE_ef;ausmf&SdcJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usif;y+yD;or#aom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif rJay;r_&mcdik Ef e_ ;f trsm;qH;k a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0if

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfwiG f &[ef;&Siv f l ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESihf jynfot l rsm;. 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qkdr_qENjyr_t&Sdeft[kefonf 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvESifhpufwifbmvwkd@wGif tjrifh rm;qk;H ok@d a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? xkpd Ofujzpfay:cJah om tajctaet&yf&yfa=umifh 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@wGifusif;ycJhaom jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf pwkw t}udrf jynfol@ v$waf wmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;u wygwpD epfEiS yhf gwpD pHk epfteuf rnfonfph epfudk vkv d m;ESpo f uf a=umif; jynfo@l qENc, H yl JG usi;f yjcif;rðyawmhbJ ygwpD pHk epfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG udk (3) vtwGi;f usi;f yay;&efq;Hk jzwfco hJ nf? xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuEf iS t hf nD ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr&Siw f &yf zG@J pnf;ay;a&;twGuf Ekid if aH wmfaumifpu D jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@kd tqkðd ywifjycJo h nf? Ekid if aH wmfaumifp. D tqkðd ywifjycsut f & jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@wGif atmufygqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfcJhonf? (u) ygwpD pHk epfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;&ef/ (c) ygwDpkHpepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaeaom tajccHOya'yg oufqkdif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh tjcm;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;u y,fzsuf Ekdifa&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfu EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@v$Jtyf&ef?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(*) tajccHOya' yk'rf (43)/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& pwkwt }urd f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf. ykrH eS o f ufwrf; onf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+y;D I jynfo@l vw $ af wmftopf pwifpnf;a0;onfah e@ txdomjzpfa=umif; av#mhayghowfrSwf&ef/ (C) pwkwt }udrf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf yOPrtpnf;ta0;u zG@J pnf;ay;xm;aom a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f dk zsuo f rd ;f ay;&ef/ (i) w&m;r#waomtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG atmifjrifpmG usi;f yEkid af &;twGuf a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&SifwGif atmufazmfjyygyk*~dKvfrsm;ukd a&G;cs,fwm0efay;tyf&ef æ (1) OD;baX; æ t+idrf;pm; b¾mawmfrif;}uD;? (2) OD;ausmf!Gef@ æ t+idrf;pm; uae'gEkdifiHqkdif&mjrefrmoHtrwf}uD;? (3) OD;pef;armif æ t+ird ;f pm; ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESit hf mrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}u;D ? (4) OD;apm=um'dk; æ t+idrf;pm; Adkvfrª;csKyf? (5) q&mcs,f æ ,cif ygvrD eftrwfEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f (p) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwGif tzGJ@0ifOD;a&wkd;jcif;/ vpfvyfonfhae&mwGif tpm;xkd;jcif; udprP sm; aqmif&u G yf idk cf iG u hf dk jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu Ekid if aH wmfaumifpo D @kd vt J$ yf&ef? (q) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukd rSwfykHwifjcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJpnf;rsOf;/ pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief; wm0efrsm;a&;qGJjyXmef;ay;jcif;wkd@ukd aumfr&SifESifh nd Ed_if;aqmif&Gufay;a&;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu Ekid if aH wmfaumifpo D @kd vt J$ yf&ef? (Z) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd jynfo@l vw $ af wmftwGuo f musi;f y&ef? (ps) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae@onf ,ae@rSpIokH;vjynfhaomae@[k owfrSwf ay;&ef? od@k aomf ay:ayguv f mrnfyh gwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sio f @kd t=uH ðycsut f & ,ae@rpS I wvcGjJ ynfah omae@xuf rapmbJjzpfap/ oH;k vausmv f eG o f nfh tcg jzpfap jyifqifowfrw S u f si;f yEkid o f nfv h yk yf idk cf iG u hf kd jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu Ekid if aH wmfaumifpD okd@ v$Jtyf&ef? ,if;od@k jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu aumfr&Siu f zkd @JG pnf;ay;+y;D onfah emuf 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (12) &ufae@ eHeuf (9) em&DtcsdefwGif EkdifiHawmforRw a'gufwmarmifrmif/ EkdifiHawmf 'kwd,orRw OD;at;uk/d Ekid if aH wmfaumifpt D wGi;f a&;rª; ol&OD;ausmx f if/ Ekid if aH wmf0ef}uD;csKyf ol&OD;xGe;f wifw@dk EiS hf a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sifvl}uD;rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;baX;/ OD;apm=um'kd;/ OD;pef;armif/ q&mcs,f/ OD;ausmf !Gef@wkd@ awG@qkHaqG;aEG;=uonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;odk@ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD¶kH; !¸ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf OD; ausmf0if; (,ckEkdifiHawmfw&m;¶kH;csKyfw&m;ol}uD;) ESifh aumfr&Sif¶kH;csKyf!¸ef=um;a&;rª; OD;at;armif (,ck!e¸ =f um;a&;rª;csKyf) wk@d vnf; wufa&muf=uonf? xkt d pnf;ta0;Y Ekid if aH wmforRwtrª;ðyonfh Ekid if aH wmfaumifp0D ifrsm;u tvGwv f yfq;Hk ESit hf r#wqk;H ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;ukd tjrefqkH;atmifjrifpGm usif;yEkdifa&;ESifhywfoufI aumfr&Sifu vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaqmif&GufEkdif&ef Ekid if aH wmfaumifpu D taxmuftulðy&rnfu h pd &P yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;=u+yD;/ aumfr&Sit f zG@J 0ifv}l uD;rsm; onf OD;baX;tm; aumfr&SiOf uUÏtjzpf a&G;cs,w f m0efay;cJ=h uonf? xk@d aemuf aumfr&Sit f wGi;f a&;rª; tjzpf OD;at;armiftm; wm0efay;tyfcJh=uonf?

ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuf trSwf (1) (1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (2) &uf) (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12) &uf) 1? Taumfr&Sit f zG@J 0ifrsm;onf touft&G,t f & tbufbufrS tem;,lae=uaomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpf =uI rnfonfyh gwED ikd if aH &;udrk # qufvufvyk u f ikd &f ef &nf&, G cf su&f =dS uolrsm; r[kw=f uyg? rdrw d @kd . ud, k af &;ud, k w f mtwGuv f nf; wpHw k &mar#mrf eS ;f xm;jcif;&So d rl sm; r[kw=f uyg? od@k &mwGif ,ae@jzpf ay:aeaom wdik ;f jynf.tajctaet& Edik if aH wmfaumifpu D Taumfr&Sit f zG@J 0ifrsm;tm; taxG axGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;udk vGwv f yfpmG =um;0ifaqmif&u G af y;&ef arwWm&yfccH sut f &vnf;aumif;/ (11/ 9/ 88) &ufae@u jynfo@l v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;wGif Edik if aH wmforRw. rde@f =um;csut f wdik ;f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f vkyif ef;rsm;udk Edik if aH wmfaumifpu D wpHw k &mpGuzf ufrr_ ðy¶Ho k mru aumfr&Si. f vdt k yfaomtultnDrsm;udak y;rnf[k tmrcHcsuaf y; +yD;v#if a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk tvGwfvyfqHk;/ tr#wqHk;/ tjrefqHk;ðyvkyfay;yg&ef arwWm&yfcHcJh&m taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG pd rP sm;wGif aumfr&Sio f nf vGwv f yfpmG aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf iG &hf o dS nf[k ,H=k unf jcif;a=umifv h nf;aumif;/ aumfr&Sit f zG@J 0ifrsm;onf apwemtjynft h 0jzifh wwfprG ;f or# aqmif &Gufay;&ef Taumfr&SifwGif yg0ifcJh=ujcif;jzpfygonf? 2? od@k ygI ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D rsm;ukd r=umrDusi;f y&eftwGuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD udak wmif;qdak e=uaom &[ef;/ &Siv f /l ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;/ jynforl sm;tygt0if wm0ef &Sad omacgi;f aqmifrsm;onf Taumfr&SiEf iS hf yl;aygi;f ulnaD qmif&u G =f u+y;D vdt k yfaomt=u^H m%f rsm;ay;=uyg&ef av;pm;pGmzdwfac:tyfygonf? (yH)k baX; OuUÏ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifudk rlvpwifzGJ@pnf;pOfu æ Ö OuUÏ OD;baX; (t+idrf;pm; b¾mawmfrif;}uD;) Ö twGif;a&;rª; OD;at;armif (!$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf) Ö tzGJ@0ifrsm;tjzpf æ (1) OD;ausmf!Gef@ (t+idrf;pm; uae'gEdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;) (2) OD;pef;armif (t+idrf;pm; ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESifh tmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}uD;) (3) OD;apm=um'dk; (t+idrf;pm; Adkvfrª;csKyf) (4) q&mcs,f (,cif ygvrD eftrwfEiS hf ,cif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,)f wd@k (6) OD;jzifh vkyfief;wm0efrsm; aqmif&Gufae&mrS 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (24) &ufae@wGif tzGJ@0if q&mcs,f uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhojzifh OuUÏ/ twGif;a&;rª;/ tzGJ@0if(3)OD;/ aygif; (5) OD;jzifh vkyfief;rsm; quf vufaqmif&GufcJh&m 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (12) &ufae@wGif tzGJ@0if OD;apm=um'dk; uG,fvGeftedpP a&mufcJhjyefojzifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@òzd;a&;aumifpDrS 1999 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (2) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@a=umfjimpmtrSwf (47§99) jzifh aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;rª; OD;at;armiftm; aumfr&Sif twGif;a&;rª;wm0eftjyif aumfr&SiftzGJ@0iftjzpf wm0efay;cef@tyfcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGif aumfr&Sif OuUÏ OD;baX; uG,fvGeftedpP a&mufchJ jyefonf? od@k jzpfI aumfr&Sio f nf rdrt d m;ay;tyfxm;aom wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvuf aqmif&GufEdkifa&;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf;wck.t*F g&yfESifhjynfhpHkap&ef aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;teufrS touf t&G,t f }u;D qH;k jzpfol OD;pef;armiftm; aumfr&Si. f ,m,DOuUÏtjzpfowfrw S w f m0efay;cJ+h y;D aumfr&Sif .vkyif ef;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f aumfr&SiOf uUÏ OD;pef;armif uG,v f eG t f edpaP &mufcjhJ yef onf? wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmif (,ckuG,fvGef) onf pwkw t}udrf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;uqk;H jzwfvu dk af om ygwpD yHk g0ifonfh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufyJG rsm;usi;f y&mwGif wyfr;ª }u;D rsm;ESiw hf uG tqift h m;vk;H od@k atmufygtwkid ;f vku d ef maqmif&u G &f ef 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f jrefrmh¶yk jf rifo=H um;ESihf jrefrmhtoHw@dk rS rde@f =um;cJo h nf? (1) vGwfvGwfvyfvyfESifh w&m;r#wr_t&SdqkH;jzpfatmif t*wdav;yg;rvkdufpm;bJ wyfr awmfom;wOD;csi;f taejzifh rdrq d ENtwkid ;f vGwv f yfpmG qENraJ y;Ekid &f efppD Ofay;+y;D wduspmG vku d ef m=u&ef jzpfa=umif;? (2) &mxl;tqifhtvkduf t&Sdeft0g/ =oZmtm%mukdtokH;ðy+yD; rdrdvufatmufcHwyfzGJ@ 0ifrsm;od@k vnf;aumif;/ rdrad &muf&&dS ma'o&Sjd ynforl sm;ok@d vnf;aumif;/ rdrw d @dk vv dk m; onft h zG@J tpnf;wckcw k iG f yg0ifaomud, k pf m;vS,u f dk rJxnfyh g[k trde@f ay;jcif;/!$e=f um; jcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ t=uyfudkifjcif;/ ajcmufvSef@jcif;/pnf;¶kH;jcif; vkH;0rðyvkyf&efjzpf a=umif;? (3) a&G;aumufwifajr mufyt JG wGuf owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;onfh Oya'/ enf;Oya'/ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk wdusav;pm;pGmvku d ef m apmifx h ed ;f =u&rnfjzpfa=umif;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

(4) Ttcsufrsm;ukd t&m&Sdrsm;tqifhomod&Sdae¶kHomru atmufajctqifhESihf rdom;pk rsm;twGi;f txdo&d edS m;vnf&eftwGuf aqmif&u G =f u&rnfjzpfa=umif;? (5) rdrw d @kd onf wyfrawmfom;rsm;jzpfonfEiS t hf nD e,fbufOya'omru wyfrawmfqidk f &m Oya'rsm;ukv d u dk ef musio hf ;Hk &olrsm;jzpfa=umif; tjrJowdcsy+f yD;/ r=umrDusi;f yrnfh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufyGJudk wyfrawmfom;wOD;csif;. *k%foduQm/ wyfrawmfw&yfvkH;. *k%foduQmudk xdcdkufaprnfh tajymtqkd/ trltusifhrsm; rðyvkyfrd&eftwGuftxl; owdðyvkdufem=u&ef !¸ef=um;vkdufa=umif;? wkid ;f jynf.tajctaeonf wjznf;jznf;,d, k iG ;f vm+y;D vrf;yef;qufo, G rf r_ sm; jywfawmuf jcif;/ e,frSqefESifhpm;aomufukefrsm; &efukefokd@a&muf&Sdjcif;r&Sdaoma=umifh &efuefòrd@aejynfolrsm; twGuf pm;eyf&u d mQ rsm; tcuftcJñuaH wG@&jcif;/ 0efxrf;tcsK d uvnf; qENjyyGrJ sm;wGif yg0ifqENjyaeo jzifh ¶k;H vkyif ef;rsm; &yfqikd ;f v#u&f jdS cif;/ rormoltcsK d uvnf; Ekid if aH wmfyidk f puf¶t Hk vky¶f rHk sm;/ ¶k;H Xmersm; ESiw hf uUov kd rf sm;rS Ekid if aH wmfyidk yf pPn;f rsm;udk vk,ufjcif;/ zsuq f ;D jcif;ESihf Oya'vufvw G f vlyt Hk v,f wGif rif;rJph ¶du k jf zifh acgi;f jzwfowfjzwfjcif; ponft h ajctaersm; wpwpwd;k yGm;qk;d 0g;vmcJo h nf? xkdtajctaeqkd;rsm;udkukpm;Ekdifrnfh wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;onf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#w aom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk tjrefqkH;atmifjrifpGm usif;yay;&efomjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Siu f pGjJ rpJ mG ,k=H unfco hJ nft h avsmuf ,if;od@k ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f y &mwGif 0efxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfyh gwt D zG@J tpnf;0ifr# r[kwyf grS Ekid if aH wmfwm0efrsm;ukv d nf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyv JG yk if ef;rsm;ukv d nf;aumif; bufrvku d b f aJ csmarG@pmG aqmif&u G Ef idk rf nfjzpfa=umif;/ vuf&dS jrefrmqk&d , S v f pfvrf;pOfygw0D ifrsm;jzpf=uaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESi0hf efxrf;rsm;onf Ekid if aH wmfwiG f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDpepfuu dk sio hf ;Hk aomtcg jrefrmhq&dk , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwt D ygt0if aemifz@JG pnf;vwW@H aom ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;wGif tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjzpfyg0ifciG ðfh yygu XmetwGi;f pdw0f rf;uGrJ r_ sm;jzpfay:Ekid +f yD; Ekid if H awmf.,E &W m;vnfywfru _ ykd if xdcu kd Ef idk rf nf[x k ifjrifa=umif;/ od@k ygI ,cktcsed rf pS wif+y;D wyfrawmf om;rsm;ESi0hf efxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfEh idk if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;0ifr# rjzpfapa&;twGuf aqmif&u G o f ifyh g a=umif; aumfr&Sifu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15) &ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@ arwWm&yfcHcJh onf? aumfr&Sif.arwWm&yfcHcsuft& EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16) &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (14§88) udk atmufygtwkdif; xkwfjyefcJhonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf EkdifiHawmfaumifpD a=unmcsuf (14§88) &efukefòr / 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &uf) jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESihfywfoufonfh a=unmcsuf?

jynfo@l wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG paom umuG,af &;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf; toD; oD;/ EdkifiHydkif pD;yGm;a&;/ bkwf/ aumfydka&;&Sif; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmf b¾mrS vpmcHpm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpS I jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pf vrf;pOfygw/D ygw0D if tjzpfrS E_wx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k o f nf?

1? ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siv f }l uD;rsm;tm; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu tyfEiS ;f +y;D jzpfonfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;ukd tvGwv f yfq;Hk / tr#wqk;H ESihf tjrefq;Hk usi;f yEkid f &ef jyifqifaqmif&u G =f u&mwGif aumfr&Sit f m; Ekid if aH wmfaumifpu D tpGr;f uket f axmuftulðy rnfjzpfyga=umif;ESihf ppfrSefonfh'Drkdua&pDudkvufcHaom ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk r#r#wwrSwf ykHwifay;&efESifh ,if;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf w&m;r#wpGmwef;wl ,SOfòydifEkdif=ua&;twGufvnf; vkt d yfaompnf;rsO;f vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;udk owfrw S =f uyg&ef aumfr&Sit f m; Ekid if aH wmfaumifpu D arwWm&yfccH +hJ yD;jzpfygonf? 2? aumfr&Sifonf atmufygpnf;rsOf;w&yfukdt=uHðycJhygonf? ,if;t=uHðycsufESifhtnD EkdifiHawmf aumifpo D nf atmufyga=unmcsuu f x kd w k jf yefvu dk o f nf æ jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;onf EkdifiHawmftay:opPmxm;I jynfol@0efudkom xrf;aqmif&rnf jzpfojzifh ygwpD pHk epfwiG u f sio hf ;Hk cJo h nft h pOftvmESit hf nD jynfo@l wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG paom umuG,af &;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;/ Ekid if yH idk pf ;D yGm;a&;/ bkw/f aumfykda&;&Sif; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHawmfb¾mrS vpmcHpm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;onf ,ae@rpS I jrefrmhq&dk , S v f pf vrf;pOfygwt D ygt0if rnfonfEh idk if aH &; ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;0ifr# rjzpfap&?

(yHk) at;udk taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD Ekid if aH wmfaumifpu D txufyga=unmcsuu f x kd w k jf yefvu dk o f nft h wGuf jrefrmhq&dk , S v f pf vrf;pOfygww D iG f ygw0D ifjzpf=uaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG 0ifrsm;tygt0if 0efxrf;rsm; tm;vk;H onf xkad e@rpS I jrefrmhq&dk , S v f pfvrf;pOfygw0D iftjzpfrS &yfpo J mG ;cJo h nf? odk@aomf xdktcsdeftcguqENjyawmif;qkdr_t&Sdeft[kefonf &yfwef@jcif;r&Sdao;bJ tcsKd ¶k;H wufvo dk nf0h efxrf;rsm;onf +cdr;f ajcmufrt _ rsK;d rsK;d ESihf ñuHawG@c&hJ onf? xko d @kd Ekid if aH wmf. tbuf bufrS ,dk,Gif;aeaomtajctaeESifh vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_jywfawmufaeonfhtajctaewdk@a=umifh aumfr&Sifonf rdrd.t"duwm0efjzpfonfh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;ukd pwifEkdif&ef tcuftcJESifhñuHawG@cJh&onf? EkdifiHw0ef;vkH;wGifjzpfay:aeaomtxufyg tajctaeqkd; rsm;ukd tcsed rf x D ed ;f odr;f Ekid af &;twGuf 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@Y wyfrawmfonf Ekid if H awmf.tm%mt&yf&yfudk vk;H 0wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? wyfrawmfuwm0ef,+l yD;onfEiS w hf òydief uf Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J udk zG@J pnf;+y;D v#if ,if;tzG@J u 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufpyJG g atmufyga=unmcsut f rSwf (1§88) udk xkwf jyefa=unmcJo h nf æ

(ykH) armifarmif OuUÏ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD

EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ a=unmcsut f rSwf 1§88 1350 jynhfESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (8)&uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18) &uf

ygw0D if jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;ESiyhf wfoufaom ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD. qH;k jzwfcsuf 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &uf) EdkifiHawmfaumifpDonf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16) &ufpGJyg jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh a=unmcsut f rSwf (14§88) ESit hf nD jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;onf Edik if aH wmftay: opPm xm;I jynfo@l 0efuo kd m xrf;aqmif&rnfjzpfojzifh ygwpD pkH epfwiG f usio hf ;kH cJo h nfh tpOftvmESit hf nD

1? EkdifiHawmfw0ef;vkH;wGif tbufbufrS,dk,Gif;aeaomtajctaeudk tcsdefrDxdef;odrf;Ekdif&ef t wGuf jynfojl ynfom;tm;vk;H tusK;d iSm wyfrawmfonf atmufyg vufiif;vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&ef ,ae@rpS I Ekid if aH wmf.tm%mt&yf&yfuv kd ;Hk 0wm0ef,v l u dk o f nf æ (u) w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;/ (c) vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_ vkHðcHacsmarG@apa&;/ (*) jynforl sm;.pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef TtzG@J rS tpGr;f ukeóf ud;yrf;aqmif&u G af y;&ef ESihf yk*v ~ u d / or0g,rwk@d aqmif&u G Ef idk af tmifvnf; wwfEidk o f r# ulnaD qmif&u G af y;Ekid af &;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(C) txufygvkyfief;&yfrsm;jynfhpkH+yD;v#if ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;? 2? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf vkyfief;taumift xnfazmfEidk &f ef vuf&ydS gwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu GJ si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f dk qufvufxm; &Srd nf? 3? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonft h csed w f iG t f qifoifjh zpfaeap&eftwGuf ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pD udv k ufcH usio hf ;Hk rnfyh gwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ,cktcgrpS I jyifqifz@JG pnf;Ekid =f uonf? 4? txufygvyk if ef;rsm;atmifjrifap&eftwGuf vuf&v dS y_ &f mS ;ae=uaomtzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm; ESihf &[ef;&Siv f jl ynfow l &yfv;Hk u 0kid ;f 0ef;uln&D efwu kd w f eG ;f ygonf?

'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifrnfh vkdtyfonfhtultnDrsm;udk vnf; tjynfht0 ay;oGm;rnfjzpfyga=umif; aqG;aEG;ajym=um;oGm;cJhonf? aumfr&SifOuUÏESifhtzGJ@0ifrsm;onf rdrdwkd@qENjzpfaom vGwfvyfI w&m;r#wonfh a&G; aumufyu JG dk usi;f yEkid rf nf[, k =Hk unfaoma=umifh Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUÏ. arwWm&yfccH suu f dk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmvufccH =hJ uonf? xk@d aemuf Ekid if aH wmf.tajctaeonfvnf; wnf+ird w f ;dk wufvmonfEiS t hf r# rdrw d @kd .OD;wnfcsujf zpfaom ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usif;ya&;qkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonfh aumfr&SifOya'/ EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'/ jynfol@ v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wkd@ukd EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ujyÏmef;I EkdifiHa&; ygwrD sm; rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;enf;Oya'ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyeJG nf;Oya'wk@d udk aumfr&Siu f jyÏmef; +yD;/ vkyif ef;rsm;ukd pwiftaumiftxnfazmfEidk cf o hJ nf?

(yHk) apmarmif Adv k cf sKyf}uD; OuUÏ Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J xkd@aemuf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@ rGef;vGJ (1) em&DtcsdefwGif umuG,fa&; 0ef}u;D Xme/ '*k&H yd o f mYusi;f yrnfh tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufyg&ef Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf a&;tzG@J u aumfr&Sit f m;zdw=f um;cJo h nf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;od@k Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmuf a&;tzG@J OuUÏ Adv k cf sKyf}u;D apmarmif (,cku, G v f eG )f trª;ðyonfh tzG@J 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyf }uD;oef;a&$/ AdkvfcsKyfarmif armifcif (a&)/ AkdvfcsKyfwifxGef; (av)/ AkdvfcsKyfpdefatmif/ AdkvfcsKyfcspfaqG/ twGi;f a&;rª; (1) Adv k rf ;ª csKyfcif!eG @f / twGi;f a&;rª; (2) Adv k rf ;ª }uD;wifO;D (,cku, G v f eG )f wk@d EiS hf aumfr&Sif OuUÏ OD;baX;trª;ðyonfh aumfr&Sit f zG@J 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;apm=um'd;k / OD;pef;armif/ OD;ausm! f eG @f EiS hf aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;rª; OD;at;armifwkd@wufa&mufcJhonf? tzGJ@0if q&mcs,fonf tpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&muf&ef vrf;ydwfaeonfhtwGuf cGifhyefcJhonf? tpnf;ta0;wGif EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@OuUÏu rdrdwdk@wyfrawmfESifh0efxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;. tzGJ@0ifrsm; r[kwfawmha=umif;/ rdrdwkd@onf =um;aetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpf+yD; jynfolrsm;ukd tvkyf tau|;ðy&rnfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpfa=umif;/ ,ck jynfolrsm;vkdvm;awmifhwaeonfh ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD ukd tjrefqkH;taumiftxnfazmfay;Ekdifa&;twGuf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;ukd tvGwv f yfq;Hk / tr#wqk;H ESihf tjrefq;Hk ðyvkyaf y;&ef aumfr&Sit f zG@J 0if vl}u;D rsm;udk arwWm&yfcaH =umif;/ aumfr&Si. f vkyif ef;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f +y;D aumfr&Sit f zG@J 0if vl}u;D rsm;u rnfo. l rsuEf mS udrk # raxmufxm;bJ ormorwfusus "rR"Ïd mefusus w&m;tr#wqk;H aqmif&u G af y;apvkyd ga=umif;/ aumfr&Si. f vkyif ef; rsm;ES i f h p yf v sOf ; I rd r d w d k @ onf tzG J @ tpnf ; taejzif h a omf v nf ; aumif ; / wOD ; csif ; taejzif h aomfvnf;aumif; óud;udik rf /_ vrf;!$erf _ vk;H 0ðyvkyrf nfr[kwaf =umif;/ a&G;aumufyJG Oya'/ enf;Oya' rsm; a&;qGJ&mwGifvnf; aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;u awG@qkHaqG;aEG;vkdaom tzGJ@tpnf;udkjzpfap/ yk*~dKvfwOD;csif;udkjzpfap awG@qkHaqG;aEG; t=uH^m%frsm;&,l+yD; vGwfvGwfvyfvyfa&;qGJ Edkifa=umif;/ aumfr&Sifua&;qGJ axmufcHay;ydk@onfhOya'rsm;udk tjrefqkH;jyÏmef;ay;rnfjzpfyga=umif;/ ygwDpkH

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' jyÏmef;jcif;? EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18) &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (1§88) jzifh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk }uD;rª;usif;yay;&ef Ta&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f dk qufvufwm0efay;tyfc&hJ m aumfr&Sio f nf rdr. d vkyif ef;rsm; ukt d aumiftxnfazmfEidk af &;twGuf Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1988 ckEpS /f puf wifbmv (21) &ufae@wGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' (EkdifiH awmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf - 1§88) ukd jyÏmef;ay;cJhonf? ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;twGuf vkyfief;tpDtpOfESihf tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGJxkwfjyefjcif;? aumfr&Sio f nf rdrt d m;ay;tyfxm;onfw h m0efjzpfaom vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wonfh ygwpD Hk 'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&eftvkd@iSm EkdifiHawmf.vkHðcHa&;/ w&m; Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;/ vrf;yef;qufo, G af &;ponfh tajctaet&yf&yftay:tajccHvsuf vkyif ef;tpDtpOf (26) ckESifh tcsdefZ,m;wkd@ukd 1989 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (16) &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (194) jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' (rl=urf;) ESihf pyfvsO;f I jynfolrsm;ESifh EkdfifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHrS t=uHðycsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;awmif;cHjcif;? vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;y Ekdifa&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'w&yfukd jyÏmef;ay;&efvkdtyfcJhonf? jynfol@ v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk jyÏmef;rnfqydk gu Ekid if aH wmf.zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'tay: rD;S I a&;qGJ avh&=dS uonf? vuf&adS jymif;vJvmaomtajctaeESihf tcsed t f cgw@kd a=umifh 1947 ckEpS /f zG@J pnf; tkycf sKyf ykt H ajccHOya'ESihf 1974 ckEpS /f zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wk@d yg a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh jyÏmef;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

csurf sm;twdik ;f twdtus vku d ef musio hf ;Hk &efrjzpfEidk af wmhonft h wGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' (rl=urf;) udk atmufygrlrsm;tay: tajccHIa&;qGJcJhonf æ (1) vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd pnf;urf;/ enf; vrf;wus usi;f yEkid af &;? (2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.EkdifiHom;rsm;twGuf 'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; tjynfht0 &Sdapa&;? (3) aemifwacwfwiG f Ekid if aH cgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=urnfh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; 'Dru dk a&pD tavhtusifhrsm; ðypkydsK;axmifay;a&;? txufygrlrsm;ukdtajccHI aumfr&Sifonf 1948 ckESpfwGifjyÏmef;chJaom ygvDreftaxGaxG a&G;aumufyt JG ufOya'ESiehf nf;Oya'rsm;/ 1976 ckEpS w f iG jf yÏmef;cJah om jynfo@l vw $ af wmfEiS hf jynfo@l aumifpt D qifq h ifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;qkid &f mOya'ESiehf nf;Oya'rsm;/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD usio hf ;Hk vsuf &SdaomEkdifiHtcsKd rS a&G;aumufyGJOya'ESifhenf;Oya'rsm;ukdavhvm+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya' (rl=urf;) udk jrefrmEkdifiHESifh vkdufavsmnDaxG&Sdap&ef nd Ed_if;aygif;pyfa&;qGJcJhonf?

pdwef nf;pepfrsm;ukd enf;Oya'rsm;jzifv h nf;aumif;/ vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;jzifv h nf;aumif; xkwjf yefro S m v#if vkyif ef;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfay;&onfh tzG@J tpnf;qifq h ift h wGuf vG,u f rl _ &SEd idk rf nfjzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (81) yg tyfEiS ;f xm;aom vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;ukd usio hf ;kH I aumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm;udka&;qGJ+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G; aumufyJG enf;Oya'rsm; (ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf 1§89) ukd 1989 ckESpf/ ZGefv (30) &ufae@wGif jyÏmef;ay;cJhonf?

jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' jyÏmef;jcif;? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'onf jynforl sm;ESio hf ufqidk af om Oya'w&yfjzpfonf? ,ck tcg zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'r&So d jzifh jynforl sm;. oabmxm;udk &,la&;qGo J ifah =umif; aumfr&Siu f oabm&&Scd o hJ nf? xk@d a=umifh aumfr&Sio f nf 1989 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (242) jzifh jynforl sm;ESihf Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. t=uHðycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrifcsurf sm;ukd ay;yd@k &ef&ydS gu aumfr&Sio f @dk 1989 ckEpS /f rwfv (31) &ufae@ukd aemufq;Hk xm;Iay;yd@k yg&ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumuf yGOJ ya' (rl=urf;) ukd &Si;f vif;csurf sm;ESiw hf uGxw k jf yefI zdwaf c:cJo h nf? aumfr&Sifonf jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;. t=uHðycsufrsm;ukd tao;pdwfavhvm+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf usif;y&ef&Sdonfh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJ twGuf w}udrfomtokH;ðy&ef&nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ aemifwGifusif;yrnfh a&G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifh =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;twGufukdrl xkdtcsdefwGifrS pOf;pm;a&;qGJ=uap&ef&nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'ukd ðyjyifa&;qG+J yD; Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J o@kd wifjycJo h nf? Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ,if;Oya'=urf;ukd 1989 ckEpS /f arv (25) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifESifh nd Ed_if;pdppf+yD;aemuf 1989 ckESp/f arv (31) &ufae@Y jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' (EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf- 14§89) ukd jyÏmef; ay;cJhonf? ,if;Oya'wGif tcef;aygif; (15) cef;ESifh yk'fraygif; (82) ck yg0ifonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm; jyÏmef;jcif;? Oya'oabmt& jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif rlykdif;qkdif&mrsm;ukdom xnfh oGi;f jyÏmef;xm;cJo h nf? ,if;Oya'yg jyXmef;rsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif aqmif&u G &f rnfh tao;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

!$ef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;!$ef/ rJ¶kHrª;ESifhrJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;!$efxkwfjyefjcif;? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'wGif rlyidk ;f qkid &f mrsm;jyÏmef;xm;+yD; enf;Oya'rsm;wGif aqmif &Guf&rnfhenf;pepftao;pdwfrsm;ukdjyÏmef;xm;&m ,if;jyÏmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vkdtyfaom !$e=f um;csurf sm;ukd &yfuu G Ef iS ahf us;&Gmtkypf k aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;u rDjS irf;ðyavhvm&mwGif vG,u f rl &_ adS p &eftvk@d imS &yfuu G Ef iS ahf us;&Gmtkypf ak umfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;twGuf vkyif ef;vrf;!$eu f dk aumfr&Siu f ðypk xkwjf yefay;cJo h nf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@Y rdrdwkd@.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ukd wdwdususrSefrSefuefuef taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G Ef idk af &;twGuf rJ¶rHk ;ª ESihf rJ¶t Hk zG@J 0ifrsm;. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ESihf aqmif &Gu&f rnfv h yk if ef; tqifq h ifw h @kd azmfjyyg&o dS nfh rJ¶rHk ;ª ESihf rJ¶t Hk zG@J 0ifrsm;twGuf vkyif ef;vrf;!$eu f v dk nf; aumfr&Siu f ðypkxw k jf yefco hJ nf? aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhzGJ@pnf;jcif;? ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGmusi;f yEkid af &;twGuf Ekid if H awmf +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u vkt d yfonfOh ya'rsm;udjk yÏmef;cJo h nf? aumfr&Siu f vnf; vkdtyfonfh enf;Oya'rsm;ukd jyÏmef;cJhonfhtjyif vkyfief;vrf;!$efrsm;ESifh !$ef=um;csufrsm;ukdvnf; xkwfjyefcJhonf? ,if;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;t& a&G;aumufyGJqkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;ukd taumiftxnf azmf&ef jynfe,fEiS hf wkid ;f / òrd e,fp/k òrd e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;ukd atmufygtwkid ;f zG@J pnf;ay;cJo h nfæ? (1) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xmerª; OuUÏ (2) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd w&m;a&;OD;pD;Xmerª; tzGJ@0if (3) oufqdkif&mtqifh&Sd Oya't&m&Sd ? (4) oufqikd &f mtqif&h dS use;f rma&; OD;pD;Xmerª; ? (5) oufqidk &f mtqif&h dS vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;ESifh jynfol@tiftm; OD;pD;Xmerª; ? (6) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd ynma&;rª; ? (7) a'ocHtrsm;jynfow l @dk . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*Kd~ vf ? (8) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf ? (9) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf ?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (10)OuUÏu wm0efay;tyfol (11) OuUÏu wm0efay;tyfol

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

twGif;a&;rª; wGJzuftwGif;a&;rª;

&yfuGufESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk atmufygtzGJ@0ifrsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;cJhonf æ (1) a'ocHtrsm;jynfow l @dk . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*Kd~ vf OuUÏ (2) a'ocHtrsm;jynfow l @dk . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*Kd~ vf tzGJ@0if (3) a'ocHtrsm;jynfow l @dk . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*Kd~ vf tzGJ@0if (4) tpk;d &ausmif;q&m od@k r[kwf ausmif;q&mrwOD; tzGJ@0if (5) oufqidk &f m&yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkyfpk +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@¶kH;rS pma&; twGif;a&;rª; ,if;od@k z@JG pnf;cJo h nfah umfr&Sit f zG@J ct JG a&twGurf sm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf æ (1) jynfe,fEiS w hf idk ;f aumfr&Sit f zG@J cJG 14 ck (2) òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ 50 ck (3) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ 317 ck (4) &yfuGufESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk 14 992 ck rJjym;jzifq h ENay;onfph epfrS qENrv J ufrw S jf zifq h ENraJ y;onfph epf/ qENraJ &wGuo f nfah e&m/ qENraJ &wGuo f nfph epf/ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&ol. trnfpm&if;a=unmjcif; pepfwkd@ukd ðyjyifajymif;vJjcif;? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if . H a&G;aumufyo JG rkid ;f wavsmufwiG f usi;f ycJah om a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y vGwv f w G v f yfvyfqENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf &S+d y;D rdrw d @dk ay;vku d o f nfah xmufcq H ENru J kd oufqidk &f mud, k pf m;vS,f avmif;u rSeu f efpmG &&So d mG ;onf[al om ,k=H unfrr_ sK;d ukd rJqEN&iS rf sm;u &mckid Ef e_ ;f jynf&h &Sjd cif;r&Scd o hJ nf udk avhvmod&Sd cJh&onf? xk@d a=umifh acwfrrDawmhaom qENrjJ ym;jzifq h ENay;&onfph epftpm; qENrv J ufrw S jf zifh qENrJ ay;&onfph epfukd ajymif;vJoifah =umif; aumfr&Siu f ok;H oyfco hJ nf? aumfr&Sio f nf 1989 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (242) jzifh rJjym;jzifq h ENraJ y;onfph epfEiS hf qENrv J ufrw S f jzifq h ENraJ y; onfph epfEpS cf t k euf rnfonfph epfuókd uduEf pS o f ufa=umif; jynforl sm;ESiEhf idk if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm; xHrS t=uH^m%frsm;awmif;cHcJh&m jynfolrsm;ESifh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;trsm;tjym;u qENrJvuf rSwjf zifh qENraJ y;onfph epfudk usio hf ;Hk oifah =umif;t=uðH ycJ=h uonf? aumfr&Sio f nf jynforl sm;ESiEhf idk if aH &; ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. t=u^H m%frsm;uk&d ,lI qENrv J ufrw S jf zifh qENraJ y;onfph epfudk pwifusio hf ;Hk &ef qk;H jzwfc+hJ yD; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;wGif xnfo h iG ;f jyÏmef;cJo h nf? qENrJrsm;a&wGufonfhpepfukdvnf; ajymif;vJcJhonf? ,cifygwDpkHpepfukdusifhokH;pOfu ygvrD efa&G;aumufyw JG iG f c¶dik 0f efrsm;onf a&G;aumufyw JG m0efct H &m&Srd sm;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf =hJ uonf? a&G;aumufyGJ usif;yonfhae@wGif rJqENe,ftwGif;&Sd rJ¶kHrsm;ydwf+yD;aemuf rJ¶kHtoD;oD;rS rJyHk;rsm;ukd csdyfydwfIoufqkdif&m a&G; aumufyGJwm0efcHt&m&SdxH,laqmifoGm;+yD;rS rJrsm;udka&wGuf&onf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

rJ¶kHrsm;ydwf+yD;aemuf rJyHk;rsm;ukdcsdyfydwf +yD;onfhtcsdefrSpI rJyHk;rsm;zGifhazmufI qENrJa&wGufonfh tcsed t f xd &ufjcm;cJo h nf? ,if;ok@d aom =um;umvwGif tjcm;v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;. rJy;kH rsm;xJrrS jJ ym;rsm;udk enf;trsK;d rsK;d jzifah zmuf,+l y;D tEkid &f apvkad om v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif; . rJyHk;rsm;xJodk@ajymif;xnfhum rJckd;a=umif;oHo,yGm;r_rsm;&SdcJhonf? rJc;dk onf[al om oHo,yGm;r_ yaysmufapa&;twGuf qENrv J ufrw S jf zifh qENraJ y;onfph epfudk ajymif;vJusifhokH;+yD; rJ¶kHwGifyif ryHk;rsm;ukdtrsm;jynfola&S arSmufY zGifhazmufa&wGufonfhpepfukd usio hf ;Hk cJo h nf? xko d @kd qENrrJ sm;udak &wGu+f y;D aemuf xkrd ¶J rHk &S &So d nfq h ENrt J a&twGuu f dk ykpH H (15) jzifh ðypkI rJ¶rHk ;ª ESihf rJ¶t Hk zG@J 0ifrsm;/ rJ¶u Hk , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf rJqEN&iS rf sm;u vufrw S af &;xk;d =uonf? ,if;ykpH H (15) rsm;udk òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tvkdufpkpnf;+yD; v$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,favmif;toD;oD;&&Sdonfh ckdifvkHaomqENrJta&twGufudk ykHpH (16) jzifh aygif;¶kH;pkpnf;+yD; òrd@e,f aumfr&Sif tzG@J c0JG ifrsm;/ v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;/ a&G;aumufyJG ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf rJqEN&iS f rsm;u vufrf w S af &;xk;d =uonf? òr@d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;u ,if;od@k ðypkxm;onfh ykpH H (16) ESifh usi;f y+y;D pD;cJah om jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af &G;aumufyJG tajctaeudak zmfjyxm;onfh ykpH H (17) wk@d udk aumfr&Sio f @kd ay;yd@k =uonf? xkyd pHk rH sm;&&Sd onft h cgrS aumfr&Siu f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&olukd a=unmcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajr mufcH&oludk ,cifu a&G;aumufyGJwm0efcH t&m&Sdu a=unmcJhaomfvnf; ,ckaumfr&Sifu a=unmonfhpepfukd ajymif;vJusifhokH;cJhonf? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòyifonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ukjd yÏmef;+yD;onfah emuf aumfr&Sio f nf ,if;Oya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydiv f adk om Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;ukd 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@rpS I rSwyf w Hk ifciG ðhf ycJo h nf? aemufq;kH rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yonf&h uftjzpf 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf 0g&Dv (28) &ufae@udk aumfr&SifrS owfrSwfa=unmcJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (187) 1350 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvqef; (12)&uf 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (18)&uf ta=umif;t&m ? ? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifcGifhðy&ef av#mufxm;&rnfh aemufqHk;ae@&ufESifh tcsdefowfrSwfcsufudk a=unmjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf yid v f akd om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'ESifhtnD Taumfr&Sifodk@ 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@rpS I rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf y&ef av#mufxm;cJ=h u&m ,ae@txd Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f (182)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

zGJ@udk rSwfyHkwifcGifh ðycJh+yD;jzpfygonf? 2? Taumfr&Sio f nf e,fpyfa'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ qufo, G rf c_ ufcaJ oma'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; vma&mufrSwfyHkwifEdkifa&;twGuf tcsdefay;cJhygonf? 3? ,cktcg ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif yg0if,SOfòydifvdkaom EdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@ tpnf;toD;oD;wd@k onfvnf; rSwyf w kH if+yD;jzpfrnf[k ,lqonft h wGuf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf kH wifjcif; enf;Oya' (6) ESit hf nD rSwyf w kH if&ef aumfr&Sio f @kd av#mufxm;&rnfh aemufq;kH ae@&uf ESifhtcsdefudk 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g &Dv (28) &ufae@ rGef;wnfh (12 ; 00) em&Dtxd owfrSwfyg a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf?

(4) rJqENe,f (11) e,frS (50) e,ftwGif; ,SOfòydifrnf[kwifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;aygif; (31) zGJ@? (5) rJqENe,f (3) e,frS (10) e,ftwGif; ,SOfòydifrnf[kwifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;aygif; (72) zGJ@? Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf (3) t& Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyJG Y0if a&muf,SOfòydifvkdojzifh rSwfykHwifay;&efav#mufxm;csuft& aumfr&SifupDppf+yD; ,if;Oya'yg jyÏmef;csuEf iS n hf ! D w G af om Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;udk rSwyf w Hk ifay;cJo h nf? xk@d a=umifh aumfr&Siu f 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (337) jzifh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f tenf;qk;H jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f (3) e,fY 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydi&f ef owfrw S w f u dk f wGef;cJhaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJwGif vkH;0,SOfòydifjcif;rðyEkdifaom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (31) zG@J udk Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1990 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (1§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ygwt D zG@J tpnf;toD;oD;onf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f tenf;qH;k v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f (3) e,fY 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydi=f u&ef aumfr&Sirf S 1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@ &ufae@pyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (337) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? od@k twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f (1) e,f/ od@k r[kwf (2) e,fwiG o f m 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid f onfh atmufygEikd if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (6) cktm;/ e0wrS 1990 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@ &ufae@pGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (1) vlrsKd;aygif;pHkcspf=unfa&;toif; (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ Society for International Friendship (Union of Burma) (2) ausmif;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfyykH gw/D Students' Revolutionary Party for Democracy (S.R.P.D.) (3) vlrsK;d pk aygi;f pnf;zG@H òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D Federal Republic Development Party (4) trsKd;om;wdk;wufa&; qdk&S,fvpftzGJ@csKyf/ The National Progressive Socialist League (5) t¶d_csif;trsKd;om; zGH@òzd;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (t-r-z-c)/ Asho-Chin National Development League (A.N.D.L.) (6) trsK;d om; +idr;f csr;f om,ma&;ygwD (r-i-o-y)/ National Peace and Comfort Party ,if;trde@f wiG f oufqidk &f mjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;. a&G;aumufcyH idk cf iG hf rqk;H ¶_;H apaomiSm txufazmfjyyg zsuo f rd ;f vku d o f nfh ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;.trnfcv H suf oufqidk &f mòr d e,fpk aumfr&Sit f zG@J cYJG jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f xm;olrsm; tm; woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;tjzpf rSw, f &l rnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? xko d @kd zsuo f rd ;f vku d o f nfyh gwrD sm;uku d , dk pf m;ðyI v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f (1) e,f od@k r[kwf (2) e,f

trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª; aemufq;Hk rSwyf w Hk ifciG ðhf y&ufjzpfonfh 1989 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (28) &ufae@txd (5) vcef@ twGif; rSwfykHwifcGifhðycJhonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif;rSm (236) zGJ@ jzpfonf? xkd@aemuf rSwfykHwifxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ygwDwGif;pnf;¶kH;a&;wkd@udk aqmif&GufcJh=u&mY ygwDtcsdK@onf ygwDwGif;tajctaet&vnf;aumif;/ tjcm;EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f zG@J pnf;vkI d vnf;aumif; rdrw d @kd .Ekid if aH &;ygwD rSwyf w Hk ifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsucf iG ðhf y yg&ef aumfr&Sifokd@ av#mufxm;ojzifhaumfr&Sifu,if;wkd@.qENt& EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (102) zGJ@ukd y,fzsufay;cJh&onf? ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f ygwt D zG@J tpnf;r&Sad omEkid if o H m;rsm;tm; woD; yk*v ~ tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf iG ðhf ycJo h nf? ygwt D zG@J tpnf;tvdu k yf g0if,OS òf ydiyf gu ygwt D zG@J tpnf;r &Sdaom woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;xuf ydkrdkI v$wfawmfrJqENe,frsm;wGif yg0if ,SOfòydifrSomv#if ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;.*k%foduQm&SdEkdfifrnfjzpfojzifh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;onfa&G; aumufyGJwGiftenf;qkH; v$wfawmfrJqENe,f (3) e,fpDY ,SOfòydif=uyg&ef aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZif bmv (5) &ufae@&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (337) jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? txufyga=unmcsuEf iS t hf nD 1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (13) &ufae@txd Ekid if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (117) zG@J w@dk u a&G;aumufyYJG tenf;qk;H rJqENe,f (3) e,fEiS t fh xuf 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid rf nf jzpfa=umif; atmufygtwkdif;wifjycJhonf? (1) rJqENe,f (300) e,fEiS t hf xuf ,SOòf ydirf nf[k wifjyxm;onfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; aygif; (6) zGJ@? (2) rJqENe,f (111) e,frS (200) e,ftwGif; ,SOfòydifrnf[kwifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (4) zGJ@? (3) rJqENe,f (51) e,frS (100) e,ftwGif; ,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (4) zGJ@?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

0ifa&muf,SOfòydif&ef trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;aom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; (8) OD;wkd@udk woD;yk*~vtjzpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcGifhðycJhonf? xk@d a=umifh v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f (3) e,fEiS t hf xuf yg0if,OS òf yid o f nfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (93) zG@J om 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ uonf// ygwD toD;oD;. oabmxm;a=unmcsurf sm;t& 1947 ckEpS /f tajccHOya'tm; jyifqifo;kH pGrJ nf[k azmfjycJh aom ygwD (7) ygwD&Sdonf? 1974 ckESpf/ tajccHOya'udk jyifqifoHk;pGJrnf[k azmfjyonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwD r&Scd yhJ g? zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccH Oya'topfa&;qGrJ nf[ak zmfjyxm;aom Edik if aH &;ygwD (31) ygw&D o dS nf? tajccH Oya'topfa&;qGrJ nf[k ,lqEdik af om ygwD (44) ygw&D o dS nf? oabmxm;vH;k 0azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sad om Edik if aH &;ygwD (11) ygw&D o dS nf? ,if;ygwrD sm;teuf wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;wGif jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om; vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd u (8) jynfe,fxm;&Szd @JG pnf; &ef/ r&mjynfo@l ygwD (r y y) u (10) jynfe,fxm;&Sd zG@J pnf;&ef[al om jynfe,fz@JG pnf;a&;oabmxm; rsm; azmfjycJh=uonf? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf (6) wGif a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;rðyrD rSwyf w kH ifciG hf &&S+d yD;aom Edik if aH &;ygww D ckonf yk'rf (3)/ yk'rf cGJ (u)/ (c)/ (*)/ (C) od@k r[kwf (i) wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tzG@J tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif;/ aumfr&Siu f awG@&v dS #if rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yjcif;udk y,fzsu&f rnf[k jyXmef;xm; onf? rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;aom atmufygEikd if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpJG udik I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf; rsm;jzpfa=umif; awG@&&dS onft h wGuf aumfr&Siu f 1989 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@ &ufae@pyJG g a=unmcsuftrSwf (314)/ (315)/ (316) wdk@udk xkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf? (1) trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pk (rew)/ rE aW v;òrd ? National Politics Front (NPF), Mandalay. (2) jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygw/D &efuek òrd ? People's Progressive Party, Rangoon. (3) t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rHk&Gmòrd ? Ever Green Young Men Association, Monywa. a&G;aumufyu JG kd 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &uf ( 1352 ckEpS /f e,kev f qef; 4 &uf) we*FaEGae@Y wjynfv;Hk wGiw f òydief uf eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (4) em&DtwGi;f usi;f ycJo h nf// oauFwrsm;owfrSwfjcif;? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya' 106 t& qENrJ vufrSwfay:wGif¶dkufESdyf&ef a&G; aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid rf nfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;toD;oD;twGuf oauFwrsm;udk aumfr&Siu f oufqidk &f mygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf ndE i_d ;f owfrw S af y;cJo h nf? woD;yk*v ~ rsm;twGuv f nf; oauFw (11) ckudk oD;jcm;owfrSwfay;cJhonf? ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;ukd ud, k pf m;ðyonfh v$waf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;tok;H ðy&ef ndE i_d ;f owfrw S x f m;onfo h auFwrsm;ukd aumfr&Siu f a=unmcsuf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

trSwf (361)/ (365)/ (370) wkd@jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? rJ¶kHta&twGufESifh rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifOD;a& owfrSwfjcif;? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHw0ef;vkH;wGif rJ¶kH aygi;f (15 154) ¶kH owfrw S af y;cJo h nf? &yfuu G f (ok@d r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkypf w k idk ;f wGif qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (5 000) txd&Sdv#if rJ¶kHw¶kHxm;&Sd+yD; ,if;rJ¶kHrsm;wGif rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifOD;a&ukd atmufygtwkdif; owfrSwf zGJ@pnf;ay;cJhonf? (u) rJqEN&Sif (1 000)txd&SdaomrJ¶kH æ (1) rJ¶kHrª; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 1 OD; (3) qENrv J ufrw S x f w k af y;ol 1 OD; (4) rJyHk;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 4 OD; (c) rJqEN&Sif (1 001) rS (3 000) txd&SdaomrJ¶kH æ (1) rJ¶kHrª; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 2 OD; (3) qENrv J ufrw S x f w k af y;ol 2 OD; (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 6 OD; (*) rJqEN&Sif (2 001) rS (3 000) txd&SdaomrJ¶kH æ (1) rJ¶kHrª; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 3 OD; (3) qENrv J ufrw S x f w k af y;ol 3 OD; (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 8 OD; (C) rJqEN&Sif (3 001) rS (4 000) txd&SdaomrJ¶kH æ (1) rJ¶kHrª; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 4 OD; (3) qENrJvufrSwfxkwfay;ol 4 OD; (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 10 OD; (i) rJqEN&Sif (4 001) rS (5 000) txd&SdaomrJ¶kH æ (1) rJ¶kHrª; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 5 OD; (3) qENrv J ufrw S x f w k af y;ol 5 OD;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 12 OD;

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (*)

ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f yrnfah e@&ufEiS hf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;trnfpm&if; wifoGif;v$m wifoGif;jcif;/ pdppfjcif;/ ¶kyfodrf;jcif;wkd@ESifh pyfvsOf;onfhae@&ufrsm; owfrw S af =unmjcif;? aumfr&Sio f nf a&G;aumufyv JG yk if ef;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I xkwjf yefa=unmxm;onfh vkyif ef; tpD tpOfEiS hf tcsed Zf ,m;rsm;twdik ;f vkyif ef;rsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ,if;ok@d owf rSwx f m;aom tcsed Zf ,m;twdik ;f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (28)/ yk'rf cGJ (*)ESihf jynfo@l v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya' yk'fr (18) t& atmufygae@&ufrsm;udk aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf Ekdif0ifbmv (10) &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (326) jzifh owfrSwfa=unmcJhonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (326) 1351 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (13)&uf 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&uf ta=umif;t&m? ? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yrnfah e@&ufEiS hf jynfo@l v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f v$mudk wifoiG ;f jcif;/ pdppfjcif;/ ¶kyo f rd ;f jcif;wd@k ESiphf yfvsO;f onfah e@&ufrsm; owfrw S af =unmjcif;? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 28/ yk'rf cGJ (*) ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG enf;Oya' (18) t&/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf atmufygae@&uf rsm;udk owfrw S v f u kd af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? (u) (c)

ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfh ae@&uf 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; (4) &uf (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf) jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf v$wfawmf 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; (2) &ufrS udk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if; pwifwifoGif;Edkifonfh (8) &uftxd? (1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv ae@&ufESifh aemufqHk;ae@&uf (28) &ufrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (3) &uftxd)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;wifoGif; v$mrsm;udk pdppfrnfhae@&uf

1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; (10) &ufae@ rS (14) &uftxd? (1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&D v 5 &ufrS 9 &uftxd)

(C) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if; wifoGif;v$m 1351 ckEpS /f jymodv k jynfah usmf (2) &uf ukd ¶kyfodrf;vdku ¶kyfodrf;Edkifonfh aemufqHk;ae@ (1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22) &uf ¶Hk;csdeftwGif;)

trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajctaeray;ao;onfh e,fajrrsm;? aumfr&Sio f nf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkifd if aH wmftwGi;f &Sd e,fajrtm;vk;H wGif vGwv f yfI w&m; r#waoma&G;aumufyrJG sm;udu k si;f yEkid af &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f (492) e,fudk owfrw S f cJo h nf? xko d @dk owfrw S cf ahJ omfvnf; atmufazmfjyygrq J ENe,f (7) e,fwiG f usi;f y&ef&o dS nfh a&G;aumufyJG vkyfief;rsm;ukd jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD tcsdefrDaqmif&GufEkdif&ef tcuftcJ&adS =umif;od&onft h wGuf acwWqidk ;f iHv h u dk af =umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf (384) ESihf (395) wk@d jzifh xkwjf yefco hJ jzifh rJqENe,faygi;f (485) e,fwiG o f m a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk usi;f ycJo h nf? (1) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ uke;f =urf;òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f/ (2) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ em;zefòrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f/ (3) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ yef0idk òf rd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f/ (4) &Srf;jynfe,f/ yef,ef;òrd e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ (5) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ rdik ;f armòrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f/ (6) &Sr;f jynfe,f/ refzef@(oHviG )f òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f/ (7) ucsijf ynfe,f/ tif*se;f ,efòrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f? ,SOfòydifonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ta&twGuf? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;trnfpm&if;rsm;udk oufqikd &f mòr d e,fpk aumfr&Sif tzG@J crJG sm; u a=unm+yD;aemuf atmufazmfjyygta=umif;rsm;a=umifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f avmif;trnf pm&if;rsm;rS (40) OD;udk acwWcsev f yS yf ,fzsucf &hJ onft h wGuf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonft h cg 0ifa&muf ,SOfòydifaom udk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a&rSm (2 296) OD;om usef&SdcJhonf? (1) qdkif;iHhrJqENe,frsm;rS acwWcsefvSyfcJh&onfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; 23 OD;? (2) axmif'%fuscH&ojzifh y,fzsufcJhonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; 8 OD;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(3) uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufoGm;ojzifh y,fzsufcJhonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; 8 OD;? (4) aomif;use;f olEiS q hf ufo, G o f jzifh y,fzsucf o hJ nfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; 1 OD;? pkpkaygif; æ 40 OD;?

qENrJrsm;a&wGufjcif;ESifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfa=unmjcif;? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@wGif qENrJay;vkdaomrJqEN&Sifrsm;onf rJ¶kHrsm;Y eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (4) em&DtcsdeftwGif; rdrdwdk@óudufESpfouf&m v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;ukd v#Kd 0SufpGm vGwfvGwfvyfvyf qENrJay;cJh=uonf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUÏ/ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfESifh wyfrawmf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;apmarmifESifhrdom;pkonf '*Hkòrd e,f/ ZD0uvrf;/ aq;okawoe OD;pD;XmetaqmufttHw k iG zf iG v hf pS x f m;aom rJ¶o kH @kd vma&mufraJ y;=uonf? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ 'kwd,OuUÏ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;oef;a&$/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh 0ef}uD;rsm;/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª; (1) ESifh twGif; a&;rª; (2) wd@k onfvnf; rdrw d @kd oufqikd &f mrJ¶rkH sm;od@k vma&mufraJ y;=uonf? 1990 jynfEh pS f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f aygif; (485) e,fwkd@ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh qENrJay;r_tajctaersm;ESifh &mckdifE_ef;rsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif; xkwjf yef azmfjyay;cJo h nf? (u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yr_ tajctae (1) a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&efowfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,faygif; 492 e,f (2) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ycJo h nfh rJqENe,faygi;f 485 e,f (3) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yEkid o f nf&h mckid Ef e_ ;f 98 ² 58µ (c) qENrJay;r_tajctae (1) qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolOD;a& 20 818 313 OD; (2) vma&mufqENraJ y;olO;D a& 15 112 524 OD; (3) qENrJay;r_&mcdkifE_ef; 72 ² 59µ (*) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ &&Sdr_tajctae (1) vma&mufqENraJ y;olO;D a& 15 112 524 OD; (2) &&Sdonfh ckdifvkHaomqENrJta&twGuf 13 253 606 rJ (3) ckid v f aHk omqENr&J &Srd &_ mcdik Ef e_ ;f 87 ² 7µ (C) y,frJ/ aysufrJ/ xyfrJtajctae (1) vma&mufqENraJ y;olO;D a& 15 112 524 OD; (2) ckid v f aHk omqENr&J &So d nft h a&twGuf 13 253 606 rJ (3) y,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJta&twGuf 1 858 918 rJ (4) &&SdonfhqENrJrsm;teuf y,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJ&mckdifE_ef; 12²3µ (i) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;,SOfòyifr_tajctae (1) ,SOòf ydio f nfv h w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 2 296 OD; (2) ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;uku d , kd pf m;ðyI,SOòf ydio f nfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 2 209 OD; (3) woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 87 OD; (4) ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;udu k , kd pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid o f nfh

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yr_tajctae pOf jynfe,f§wkdif;

òrd@e,f

1? ucsijf ynfe,f 18 2? u,m;jynfe,f 6 3? u&ifjynfe,f 7 4? csif;jynfe,f 9 5? ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f 38 6? weoFm&Dwdkif; 10 7? yJc;l wdik ;f 28 8? rauG;wdik ;f 25 9? rE aW v;wdik ;f 29 10? rGefjynfe,f 10 11? &cdkifjynfe,f 17 12? &efukefwdkif; 42 13? &Srf;jynfe,f 52 14? {&m0wDwdkif; 26 pkpkaygif; 317

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

rlvowfrSwf a&G;aumufyGJ qkdif;ihHxm;onfh ,SOfòyifta&G; xm;onfh usif;ycJhonfh rJqEN cHol rJqENe,f rJqENe,f ta&twGuf ta&twGuf ta&twGuf ta&twGuf

20 8 14 13 58 13 51 39 56 20 26 61 62 51 492

19 8 14 13 58 13 51 39 56 20 26 61 56 51 485

6 7

93 33 51 55 242 45 255 170 297 95 152 400 204 204 2296

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;&mckid Ef e_ ;f 96 ² 21 µ (5) woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;&mckid Ef e_ ;f 3 ² 79 µ (p) v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;.a&G;aumufc&H r_tajctae (1) ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;uku d , kd pf m;ðyI ,SOòf yid o f nfh v$waf wmfu, k d pf m;vS,af vmif; OD;a& 2 209 OD; (2) a&G;aumufwifajr mufc&H aom ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;udk ukd,fpm;ðyonfhv$wfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f OD;a& 479 OD; (3) a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&r_ &mckdifE_ef; 21²68 µ (q) woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. a&G;aumufcH&r_tajctae (1) yg0if,OS òf ydio f nfh woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 87 OD; (2) a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&onfh woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& 6 OD; (3) a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&r_ &mcdkifE_ef; 6²9µ (Z) v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;. ckid v f aHk omqENr&J pS yf w Hk ykEH iS hf txuf&&Srd t _ ajctae (1) ,SOòf ydio f nfv h w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 2 296 OD; (2) ckid v f aHk om qENr&J pS yf w Hk ykEH iS t hf xuf&&So d nfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 1 049 OD; (3) &mckdifE_ef; 45²69µ (4) ckid v f aHk omqENrJ &Spyf w Hk ykaH tmuf&&So d nfh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 1 247 OD; (5) &mcdkifE_ef; 54²31µ ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid o f nfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (93) zG@J teuf v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f tenf;qk;H wOD;ESihf txuf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H aom Ekid if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;(27)zG@J rS a&G;aumufwifajr mufc&H onfv h w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Of ;D a&rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf? (1) trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 392 OD; (2) &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 23 OD; (3) &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 11 OD; (4) wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD 10 OD; (5) rGeftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@ 5 OD; (6) trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&; 'Dru dk &ufwpfygwD 4 OD; (7) csif;trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 3 OD; (8) ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf (9) jynfaxmifpkytkd0f;trsKd;om;tzG@JcsKyf 3 OD; (10) trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDygwD 3 OD; (11) ZdkdrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf 2 OD;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

(12) em*awmifwef;a'owkd;wufa&;ygwD (13) u,m;jynfe,fvrl sK;d aygi;f pkH 'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf (14) watmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (15) u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ (16) 'Drkdua&pDygwD (17) 'Dru kd &ufwpf wuUov dk b f @JG &ESiafh usmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J (18) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ (19) u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (20) &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'rD u dk &ufwpfygwD (21) jynfaxmifpk "EktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (22) ureftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (23) r&mjynfol@ygwD (r y y) (24) jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDygwD (25) +rdK(ac: )crD trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ ( r-c-r-n-z) (26) vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;ygwD (27) jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf

2 OD; 2 OD; 2 OD; 2 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD;

txufwiG af zmfjycJo h nft h wkid ;f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf ,SOòf ydif onfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (93) zG@J rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufcH &olaygi;f (479) OD;&Scd +hJ yD;/ woD;yk*v ~ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH xm;&ol (6)OD;&So d jzifh 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufc&H olaygi;f rSm (485) OD; &Scd o hJ nf? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif; cH&ol rsm;wGif wyfrawmft+idrf;pm; (42) OD;/ t+idrf;pm;0efxrf;a[mif; (145) OD;/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyfESifh txuf wef;a&S ae (54) OD;/ q&m0ef (50) OD;/ tjcm;t&yfom; (194) OD; yg0ifonf? if;wdk@rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf? 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; 1? umrdkif;òrd e,frJqENe,f 2? csDazGòrd e,frJqENe,f 3? ac:bl'òJ rd e,frq J ENe,f 4? aqmhavmfòrd e,frJqENe,f

(1) ucsijf ynfe,f? - OD;wifjrif/h trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD uGef*&uf? - OD;rzef;qif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;rkwaf jrmfqef;acgi/f wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygw?D

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

5? qGryf &mbGròf rd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;aZmfted /f ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf? 6? wEdkif;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aemifrGef;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; ygwD? 8? ylwmtdòk rd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;a,mpD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? Aef;armfòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 10? jrpf}u;D em;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;jrarmif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 11? jrpf}u;D em;òr d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;OD;Aspw f ;l / ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf? 12? rdk;aumif;òrd e,f rJqENe,f - OD;xGef;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? rdk;n if;òrd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;ausmfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? rdk;n if;òrd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;=umjr/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? rd;k armufòrd e,f rJqENe,f - OD;aomif;aiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? rHpDòrd e,f rJqENe,f - OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? rcsrf;abmòrd e,f rJqENe,f - OD;tifeef;*rf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? a&$ulòrd e,f rJqENe,f - a':pdefwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? 0dkif;armfòrd e,f rJqENe,f - 'l0g trfaZmfatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (2) u,m;jynfe,f? 1? 'Darmqd;k òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;cifarmifcsKd / u,m;jynfe,fvrl sK;d aygi;f pH'k rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 2? 'Darmqd;k òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;Apfwmav;/ u,m;jynfe,f vlrsK;d aygi;f pHk 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKy?f 3? z¶lqdkòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmOD;&,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? zmaqmif;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmwm¶l;wl;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygw?D 5? abmvcJòr d e,frq J ENe,f - OD;atmifoed ;f / wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygw?D 6? &Sm;awmòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? vGdKifaumfòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;bdk;oif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? vdKG ifaumfòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSw(f 2) - OD;wuf'b D ;l &D/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (3) u&ifjynfe,f? 1? aumhu&dwfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;ref;òrdifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2/ aumhu&dwfòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - Edkifaomif;&Sdef/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSarmif/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? 4? =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;=uifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? zmyGefòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? zmyGefòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;bat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? bm;tHòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;apmcspfoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? bm;tHòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;xGef;cspf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

9? bm;tHòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(3) 10? jr0wDòrd e,frq J ENe,f 11? v_dif;bGJ@òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 12? vd_if;bGJ@òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 13? oHawmifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) 14? oHawmifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)

- eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdefAdkvf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmxGef;az/ u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm; tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmxGef;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;tm&fyDaomif;/ u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm;pnf;vHk; nD!$wfa&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? - OD;apmApfwmcvdu k /f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f

(4) csi;f jynfe,f? - OD;vde;f [m/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygw?D - OD;iifhxef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - ylusi&hf iS ;f xef/ Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uf? - wmefxefvse;f aygi/f Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uf? - a'guw f mr_xef/ woD;yk*v ~ ? - OD;ausmfxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;axG;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - pDauwdu k u f v JG /f csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - a'gufwmZvS,fxef/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 10? rwlyDòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;¶dktkyf/ r&mjynfol@ygwD(r-y-y)? 11? rwlyDòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 12? rif;wyfòrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;&Sdef;azvdef;/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? [m;cg;òrd@e,frq J ENe,f - OD;vset f yk /f woD;yk*v ~ ? 1? uefyufvufòr d e,frq J ENe,f 2? wD;wdefòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 3? wD;wdeòf rd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) 4? wGe;f ZHòrd e,frq J ENe,f 5? xefwvefòrd e,frq J ENe,f 6? yvuf0òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) 7? yvuf0òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 8? zvrf;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) 9? zvrf;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)

(5) ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ? 1? ueDòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ueDòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef@Zif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? uav;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;'dkaxmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? uav;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - a'guw f mode;f 0if;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 5? uav;0òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? uomòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aumvif;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;odef;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? uef@bvlòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;odef;az/ woD;yk*~v? 9? uef@bvlòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - a'guw f mjrifEh ikd /f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 10? u|ef;vSòrd e,frJqENe,f 11? cifOD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 12? cifO;D òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) 13? acsmif;OD;òr d e,frq J ENe,f 14? cE WD;òrd e,frJqENe,f 15? igef;ZGefòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 16? igef;ZGefòrd ,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 17? ppfudkif;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 18? ppfuikd ;f òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) 19? qm;vif;}uD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 20? qm;vif;}uD;rJqENe,f trSwf (2) 21? wrl;òrd e,frq J ENe,f 22? wef@qnfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) 23? wef@qnfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 24? xD;csKdifhòrd e,frJqENe,f 25? 'Dy, J if;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) 26? 'Dy, J if;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) 27? eef;,Gef;òrd e,frJqENe,f 28? ykvòJ r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) 29? ykvJòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 30? yifv,fbl;òrd e,frJqENe,f 31? azmif;jyifòrd e,frJqENe,f 32? Aef;armufòrd e,frJqENe,f 33? bkwvifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 34? bkwvifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) 35? rHk&Gmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 36? rHk&Gmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 37? rif;uif;òrd e,frJqENe,f 38? jrif;rlòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

- OD;}uD;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;aomif;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;tH=h unf/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - a':q,fq,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cspfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;csdKvd_if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - t+idr;f pm;Adv k rf ;ª }uD;oD[ol&pd;k odr;f / trsK;d om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) - a'guw f mcifarmifaqG/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdef&H/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;axmifcx kd ef;/ jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - t+ird ;f pm;'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D ausmq f ef;/ trsK;d om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;azoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;bdak rmif;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - OD;0if;jrifah tmif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - OD;ausmfarmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwD? - OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pde/f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f - a'gufwmwifhaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrat; (Aef;armfa&$ndK)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifaomif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;b+idrf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;[Homjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmifat;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - OD;=unfpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;bdk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;bmbm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

39? jrif;rlòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 40? ajrmifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 41? ajrmifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 42? armfvu kd òf rd e,frq J ENe,f 43? ,if;rmyifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 44? ,if;rmyifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 45? a&OD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 46? a&OD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 47? a&$bòkd r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) 48? a&$bdkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 49? v[,fòrd e,frq J ENe,f 50? av&S;D òrd e,frq J ENe,f 51? 0ufvufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 52? 0ufvufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 53? 0ef;odòk r d e,frq J ENe,f 54? [krRvif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 55? [krRvif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 56? t&mawmfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 57? t&mawmfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 58? tif;awmfòrd e,frq J ENe,f

- OD;wifaiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;0if;&Sdef/ woD;yk*~v? - OD;rif;oGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;Adkvfaomif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifxGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;0if;udk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'guw f matmifb/kd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - OD;oef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cyd;k udik v f /kH em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&; ygwD? - OD;a'G;ayg/h em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygw?D - OD;xGef;òrdif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a':cifpef;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'guw f matmifcif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - OD;tkef;óudif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vSodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwmaZmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;Av/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmv_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

(6) weoFm&Dwdkif;? 1? aumhaomif;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;vSrif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? u|e;f pkòrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;cifarmifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? weoFm&Dòrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;0if;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? xm;0,fòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? xm;0,fòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;rsKd;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? ykavmòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? bkwfjyif;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? +rdwfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;ausmf&Sdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? +rdwfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;^m%fat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? a&jzLòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;wdk;ydk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? avmif;vHkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 12? avmif;vHkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 13? o&ufacsmif;òrd e,f

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

- OD;csdef[if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

(7) yJcl;wdkif;? 1? u0òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'gufwmrsKd;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? u0òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;jrav;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? ausmufwHcg;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufwHcg;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;armifarmif}uD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? óud yifaumufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;at;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? óud yifaumufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? ausmuf}uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;xGef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? ZD;ukef;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pHwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? anmifav;yifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;tkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? anmifav;yifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;xGef;ºuG,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? awmifilòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? awmifilòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;!Gef@a0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? xef;wyifòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;cspfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? 'dkufOD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;&JxGÉf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? 'dkufOD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdefxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? ewfwvif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;tkef;aiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? ewfwvif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;apmpdefxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? yJcl;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdk;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? 19? yJcl;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;jrwfvS/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? jynfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - Adv k rf ;ª }uD;armiftek ;f (+idr;f )/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 21? jynfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;aomif;pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? yef;awmif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wiftkef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? yef;awmif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;odef;[ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? aygufacgif;òrd e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? 25? aygif;wnfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;tkef;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? aygif;wnfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;at;oef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? jzL;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? jzL;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdk;armif/ trsKd;om;'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? rif;vSòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifhvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? rif;vSòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a':vSvSrdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

31? rdk;ndKòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 32? rdk;ndKòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 33? a&wm&Snfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 34? a&wm&Snfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 35? a&$usiòf rd e,frq J ENe,f 36? a&$awmifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 37? a&$awmifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 38? vufyHwef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 39? vufyHwef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 40? a0gòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 41? a0gòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) 42? oeyfyifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 43? oeyfyifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 44? oJukef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 45? oJukef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 46? om,m0wDòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 47? om,m0wDòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 48? tkwfzdkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 49? tkwfzdkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 50? tkwfwGif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 51? tkwfwGif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)

- OD;vSatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;a&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwmausmfausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pd;k vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;oef;ºuG,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ydkufðcH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;!Gef@at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pd;k ode;f (armif0o H )/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f - OD;at;odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'guw f maX;ode;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - OD;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if;(+idrf;)/ trsKd;om'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;armifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;omarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? - OD;cifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

(8) rauG;wdkif;? 1? uHròrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? acsmufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? acsmufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwm!Gef@pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? *ef@a*gòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifxl;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? izJòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? pvif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? pvif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;uHOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? apwkwW&mòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;tHh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? qifaygif0Jòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;[HaZmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? qdyfjzLòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdk;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 11? aqmòrd e,frJqENe,f 12? awmifwiG ;f }uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) 13? awmifwiG ;f }uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) 14? xD;vif;òrd e,frJqENe,f 15? ewfarmufòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) 16? ewfarmufòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) 17? yckuULòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 18? yckuLU òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) 19? yGifhjzLòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 20? yGifhjzLòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 21? aygufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 22? aygufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 23? rauG;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 24? rauG;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) 25? òrd opfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 26? òrd opfòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) 27? rif;wke;f òrd e,frq J ENe,f 28? rif;bl;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) 29? rif;bl;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) 30? rif;vSòrd e,frq J ENe,f 31? òrdifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 32? òrdiòf rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) 33? a&póudòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 34? a&póudòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) 35? a&eHacsmif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 36? a&eHacsmif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 37? o&ufòrd e,frJqENe,f 38? atmifvHòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 39? atmifvHòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

- OD;ausmfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odr;f =unf/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - a'gufwmoef;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmfaZmvif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;AdkvfaxG;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifjrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'guw f m=unfrif;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - OD;v_difat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmf&Sif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifEdkifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;omatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cspfaxG;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vSpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cspfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifqef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;armfeD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - ocif cif!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifausmf[ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odef;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

(9) rE Wav;wdkif;? 1? ausmufqnfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifausmfOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ausmufqnfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

3? ausmufyef;awmif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)- OD;AdkvfZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufyef;awmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;aiGxeG ;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 5? pOfhulòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmaX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? pOfu h ikd òf rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - a'gufwmpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? pOfu h ikd òf rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - a'guw f mvSp;kd !Ge@f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 8? anmifO;D òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;csdK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? anmifOD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;azwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? wHwm;OD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;at&m/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? wHwm;OD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;oef;eD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? wyfuek ;f òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;0rf;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? wyfuek ;f òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;0if;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? awmifomòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;cspcf ikd /f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f 15? awmifomòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;oef;xGe;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 16? EGm;xd;k }uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;yef;om/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? EGm;xd;k }uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;pdef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? ykord }f uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;qef;!Gef@a0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? ykodrf}uD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pHvSabmf (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 20? ysO;f rem;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;wifhvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? ysO;f rem;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;ausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? aysmfbG,fòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifndK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? aysmfbG,fòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? jyifOD;vGifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSapmOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? jyifOD;vGifòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;yDwmvif;yif/ woD;yk*~v? 26? rvd_ifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apma&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? rv_id òf rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? rd;k ukwòf rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - a':arESi;f =unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? rd;k ukwòf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;bdv k w S if/h trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKy?f 30? rwW&mòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - a'guw f matmifa0/ trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf? 31? rwW&mòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef;vGi/f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 32? rdw Dvmòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - Adv k rf ;ª armifarmifjrifh (t+idr;f pm;)/ trsK;d om; 'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? rdwDv mòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - a'guw f mode;f vGi/f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 34? rE Wav;taemufawmifòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - a'gufwmpdk;vif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 35? rE Wav;taemufawmifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;ode;f OD;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 36? rE aW v;taemufajrmufòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifatmifatmif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 37? rE aW v;taemufajrmufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;atmifp;kd / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f (uG,fvGef) 38? rE aW v;ta&S awmifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wif!eG @f (c) OD;xifausm/f trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? rE Wav;ta&S awmifòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;tkef;óudif (atmif0ifh)/ trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? rE Wav;ta&S ajrmufòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;armifarmifat;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 41? rE aW v;ta&S ajrmufòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;wifat; (t+idr;f pm;'kAv kd rf ;ª }uD;)/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f 42? jrif;jcHòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;aygcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? jrif;jcHòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;armifarmif0if; (c) OD;0if;armif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 44? jrpfom;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a':tkef;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? jrpfom;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmrsKd;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 46? &rnf;oif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 47? &rnf;oif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmifoef;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf? 48? v,fa0;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;wifxÉG Of ;D / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 49? v,fa0;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;nDnx D eG ;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKy?f 50? 0rf;wGi;f òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - a'guw f maomif;wif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 51? 0rf;wGi;f òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;vSatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 52? oydwu f si;f òrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;armf/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f 53? ompnfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;odrf;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 54? ompnfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;armifarmifav;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 55? tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - a'guw f maZmfjrifah rmif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 56? tr&yl&òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;bbGm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (10) rGefjynfe,f? 1? usdKufxdkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;&JxGÉf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? usdKufxdkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmat;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 3? usdKufra&mòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? usdKufra&mòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edkifcifarmif/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@? 5? acsmif;qHkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmif=unf!e$ @f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 6? acsmif;qHkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a':cifaX;ºuG,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aygifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;^m%f0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? aygifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - Edkifaomif;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? bD;vif;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;armifarmifvwf/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 10? bD;vif;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;armifarmif (opPm&Sif)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 11? rk'òkH rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - a':wifapmOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? rk'òkH rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - a'guw f mrif;=unf0if;/ rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@? 13? armfvòrdiòf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) - Adv k rf ;ª }uD;vGe;f wif (t+idr;f pm;)/ trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? armfvòrdifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;csrf;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? a&;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'guw f mrif;pd;k vif;/ rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J ? 16? a&;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - a'guw f m=uifoed ;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 17? oxHòk rd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - cGejf rifx h eG ;f (armifjrifx h eG ;f )/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 18? oxHòk rd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? oHjzLZ&yfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;armifarmif}u;D (t+ird ;f pm;Adv k rf ;ª }u;D )/ trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 20? oHjzLZ&yfòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - Edik x f eG ;f ode;f / rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J ? (11) &cdik jf ynfe,f? 1? ausmufawmfòrd e,f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'gufwmxGef;at;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ausmufawmfòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pHomatmif/ òrd(ac: ) crDtrsK;d om;nD!w G af &; tzGJ@? 3? ausmufjzLòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;qef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufjzLòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;wif}uD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? *Gòrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;nDyk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? ppfawGòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;a&$,/ ureftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? ppfawGòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;pHxGef; (c) vljzL/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? awmifuw k òf rd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;ausmfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? aygufawmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;boef;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 10? aygufawmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 11? ykÀm;u|ef;òrd e,frJqENe,f 12? bl;oD;awmifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 13? bl;oD;awmifòr d e,frJ qENe,ftrSw(f 2) 14? rif;jym;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 15? rif;jym;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) 16? armif;awmòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) 17? armif;awmòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) 18? rmefatmifòrd e,frJqENe,f 19? ajryHòk rd e,frq J ENe,f 20? ajrmufO;D òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) 21? ajrmufOD;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 22? &aohawmifòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) 23? &aohawmifòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) 24? &rf;+AJòrd e,frq J ENe,f 25? oHwòJG rd e,frq J ENe,f 26? trf;òrd e,frq J ENe,f

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

- OD;apmxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmfrif; (c) rmarmufa&Smif¶_tmaemf*lvm a[muf/ trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&;'Dru kd &ufwpfygw?D - OD;wifarmif (c) Ek&t f mruf/ trsK;d om;vl@tcGit h f a&; 'Dru kd &ufwpfygw?D - OD;armifjrifh/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;0if;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;tDjAm[de;f (c) OD;cspv f iG /f trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&; 'Dru kd &ufwpfygw?D - OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf/ trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&; 'Drkd u&ufwpfygw?D - OD;odef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jzLpdefOD;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmjratmif/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifvSZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;armifºuiG ;f atmif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? - OD;OD;omEdk@/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ae0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

(12) &efuek w f ikd ;f ? - OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr-baqG)/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 3? ausmufwHwm;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifp;kd (py,fO;D )/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 4? ausmufwef;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - a'guw f moef;+idr;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 5? ausmufwef;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? =unfjh rifwikd òf rd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;vSxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? uGr;f jcHuek ;f òrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;,k*ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? udkudk;u|ef;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;vSoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? c&rf;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfoGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? c&rf;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? prf;acsmif;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;cifarmifaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? qdyfurf;òrd e,frJqENe,f - a':pef;pef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

1? urm&Gwfòrd e,frJqENe,f 2? aumhrª;òrd e,frJqENe,f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

13? qdyf}uD;caemifwdkòrd e,frJqENe,f 14? wmarGòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 15? wmarGòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 16? wGaH w;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) 17? wGaH w;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) 18? wdu k }f uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) 19? wdu k }f u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)

- a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vSodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;odef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;omqdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrv_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;vSxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a':pefar (a&$ual rESi;f )/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 20? awmifOuUvmyòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pd;k jrifh (c) ocifp;kd jrif/h trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 21? awmifOuUvmyòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;cifarmifausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? xef;wyiòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifudkudk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? '*Hkòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifaZmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? '*Hkòrd opfòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;tkef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? 'vòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? a'gyHkòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? ykZGefawmifòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;Edkif;Edkif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? yef;bJwef;òrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;armifarmifatmif/ 'Dru kd &ufwpfwuUov kd f bGJ@&ESifh ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? 29? A[ef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;xGef;v_dif/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD? 30? A[ef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;=unfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? Adkvfwaxmifòrd e,frJqENe,f - a'guw f marmifarmifausm/f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 32? r&rf;ukef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? r&rf;uke;f òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - a'guw f mar0if;jrif/h trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 34? r*Fvmawmif!eG @f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) - a'gufwmatmifcifqifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 35? r*Fvmawmif!eG @f òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmoef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 36? r*Fvm'Hkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;=unf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? r*Fvm'Hkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;wifxGef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? ajrmufOuUvmyòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)- a'guw f moef;0if;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 39? ajrmufOuUvmyòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? arSmfbDòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdk;wif (c) OD;pdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? arSmfbDòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;cifarmifxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? &efuif;òrd e,frJqENe,f - a':cifat;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? a&$jynfomòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdefvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 44? vomòrd e,frJqENe,f 45? v_id òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSw(f 1) 46? v_difòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 47? v_id o f m,mòr d e,frq J ENe,f 48? vSnf;ul;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 49? vSnf;ul;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 50? vrf;rawmfòrd e,frJqENe,f 51? omauwòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSw(f 1) 52? omauwòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) 53? oCFef;u|ef;òrd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 54? oCFef;u|ef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 55? oHk;cGòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) 56? oHk;cGòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 57? oHvsifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 58? oHvsifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 59? tvHkòrd e,frJqENe,f 60? tif;pdefòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 61? tif;pdefòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

- OD;=unfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;a&$ (t+ird ;f pm;Adv k rf ;ª }u;D )/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKy?f - OD;apmjrodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pdtzGJ@csKyf? - Adv k }f u;D oef;ºu, G f (t+ird ;f pm;)/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmausmfpdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pHwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;aeOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;armifarmifvwf (a'guw f mvdi_ ef )D / trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKy?f -OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ode;f !Ge@f (armifoe d ;f !Ge@f -aumhu&dw)f / trsK;d om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;jrifo h ed ;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f - OD;vGif (Adkvfr_;}uD;armifvGif-t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwm0if;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;oef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a':pef;pef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;xGef;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdefvSOD; (armifEG,fOD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf?

(13) &Srf;jynfe,f? - OD;jrifhoef;/ jynfaxmifpk"EktrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;vdyf (c) pJvdyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 3? aus;oD;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;wif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? uGwfcdkifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;cGefqdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? uGwcf ikd òf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;tdu k &f D (c) OD;vS[ef/ wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKy?f 6? ausmufrJòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)- OD;vSaz (c) pdkif;z/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf? 7? ausmufròJ r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - pdik ;f aqmifqD (c) e,fvq f if/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKy?f 1? uavmòrd e,frJqENe,f 2? uGef[def;òrd e,frJqENe,f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

8? uGrf;vHkòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;&efusif;armf/ &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? 9? usK;d if;wHòk rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;pdkif;vHkausmuf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? usKd if;wkòH rd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;pdik ;f &Dwpf(yf)/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 11? qDqikd òf rd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;pdef0if;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? 12? anmifa&$òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - a'guw f mOD;v_id (f c)OD;xGe;f vdi_ /f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 13? anmifa&$òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;tkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? awmif}u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;ausmfcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? awmif}u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2)- cGeaf zaxG;(c)cGe&f wema[m0f/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 16? wef@,ef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;cGef}uD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? wef@,ef;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;xGe;f qm (c) pdik ;f xGe;f 0if;/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 18? wmcsDvdwfòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pGHqdkif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? erfhpefòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdik ;f wif0if; (c) OD;wif0if;/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 20? erfq h efòr d e,frq J ENe,f - OD;xGe;f ausm/f wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKy?f 21? erfhcrf;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;omat;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 22? aemifcsKòd rd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;xGe;f atmif (c) OD;xGe;f xGe;f [de;f / trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? erRwlòrd e,frJqENe,f - a':aròzd;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? yif;w,òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? yifavmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;armif}uD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? 26? yifavmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)- OD;p0fomwifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 27? z,fcHkòrd e,frJqENe,f - cGefrm;&fudkbef/ u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 28? rd;k eJòrd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;cGefyGifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? armufr,fòrd e,frq J ENe,f - pdik ;f tGwf (c) pdik ;f wifatmif/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 30? rdkif;yefòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;rdk;=unf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? rdik ;f udik òf rd e,frq J ENe,f - OD;pdkif;tGrf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? rdik ;f &SL;òr d e,frq J ENe,f - OD;pdik ;f 0if;az (c) 0if;az/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 33? rdkif;&,fòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;vS'if/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? rlq,fòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdkif;vSaz/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? rlq,fòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdkif;armifav;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

36? rdk;rdwfòrd e,frJqENe,f 37? rbdrf;òrd e,frJqENe,f 38? rdkif;ysif;òrd e,frJqENe,f 39? rdik ;f ,ef;òrd e,frq J ENe,f 40? rdik ;f cwfòrd e,frq J ENe,f 41? rdkif;wHkòrd e,frJqENe,f 42? rdkif;qwfòrd e,frJqENe,f 43? rdkif;a,mif;òrd e,frJqENe,f 44? rdkif;jzwfòrd e,frJqENe,f 45? &GmiHòrd e,frJqENe,f 46? &yfapmufòrd e,frJqENe,f 47? vGdKifvifòrd e,frJqENe,f

- a'gufwmtkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? - OD;cspfcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;',fe&D ,fatmif/ vm;[ltrsK;d om;zG@H òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw?D - OD;pdkif;EGHwpf (yf)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;&SJefavG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;qef0kef; (c) OD;pdkif;bkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - pdkif;xGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;EGJ@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;atmifodef;/ jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDygwD? - a'gufwmvS&Sdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf (c) xGef;ausmf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? vJcsm;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;omxGef;jr/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? vif;ac;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 50? vm;¶_d;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pdkif;jrifharmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 51? vm;¶_d;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef;aX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 52? odEDMòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;vl/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 53? oDaygòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - cGefxGef;OD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 54? oDaygòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdkif;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 55? [dkyHk;òrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;pHvS/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? 56? [dkyefòrd e,frJqENe,f - OD;cGefxGef;vl/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 1? usKdufvwfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 2? usKd ufvwfòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) 3? ausmif;ukef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 4? ausmif;ukef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) 5? usHKaysmfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) 6? usKHaysmfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 7? =uHcif;òrd e,frJqENe,f 8? iykawmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) 9? iykawmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) 10? ZvGefòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

(14) {&m0wDwikd ;f ? - OD;oef;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;apmvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwmvS0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ref;a*smfeD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwm&Jjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;a';ApfvSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - a'gufwmppfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

11? ZvGefòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)

- Adkvfrª;}uD;=unf0if; (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pD tzGJ@csKyf? 12? anmifwkef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmifóudif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? anmifwkef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;ompdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? a';'&Jòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - a'gufwmrsKd;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? a';'&Jòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef;xGe;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 16? "EkjzLòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0if;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? "EkjzLòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 2) - OD;aomif;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? ykord t f aemufòrd e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1) - OD;wifacsm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? ykodrftaemuòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmfrif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? ykodrfta&S òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? ykodrfta&S òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;vS=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? yef;waemfòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - a'guw f mwifrif;xGÉ/f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy?f 23? yef;waemfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;ref;!Gef@odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? zsmyHkòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;aomif;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? zsmykHòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rif;aqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? bdu k av;òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;0if;óudif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? bdkuav;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmpdefjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? rtlyifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;cspo f ef;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygw?D 29? rtlyifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;vSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? armfvòrdifu|ef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? armfvòrdifu|ef;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;wifvS/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? ajrmif;jròrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;atmif=uif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? ajrmif;jròrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;pdk;rif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? jrefatmifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? jrefatmifòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;jrifhod%f;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? a&=unfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;!Gef@0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? a&=unfòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;armifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? vyGwWmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;=unf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? vyGwmW òrd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) - a'guw f mat;=uL/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? 40? av;rsufESmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;pDarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? av;rsufESmòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;qef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? 0g;c,fròrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? 0g;c,fròrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0 (t+idrf;pm;)/ wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygw?D

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

44? omaygif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;vSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? omaygif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;oef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 46? [oFmwòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;jroef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 47? [oFmwòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmaZmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? t*Fylòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;jr0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? t*Fylòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - a'gufwmpef;atmif/ woD;yk*~v? 50? tdrfrJòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;wifxGwf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 51? tdrfrJòrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;jrifharmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? ÙÙÙÙÙ jrefrmwjynfv;kH wGif pkpak ygi;f rJqENe,f (492) e,fowfrw S x f m;cJah omfvnf; ucsijf ynfe,f wGif (1) ae&mESifh &Srf;jynfe,fwGif (6) ae&m/ pkpkaygif; (7) ae&mwGif vHkðcHa&;tajctaersm;a=umifh a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;rðyvkyEf ikd cf o hJ jzifh usef (485) ae&mtwGuo f m usi;f yEdik cf o hJ nf? jynfe,fEiS hf wdkif; (14) ck&Sd rJqENe,f (485) ae&mwGif woD;yk*~v (87) OD;tygt0if udk,fpm;vS,favmif; (2 296) OD; 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf =hJ u&m woD;yk*v ~ (6) OD;ESihf trsK;d orD; (15) OD;tygt0if ud, k pf m;vS,f (485) OD; a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? jynfe,fESifhwdkif;tvdkuf a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif; cHcJh&olta&twGufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf? (1) ucsijf ynfe,f 19 OD;? (2) u,m;jynfe,f 8 OD;? (3) u&ifjynfe,f 14 OD;? (4) csi;f jynfe,f 13 OD;? (5) ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f 58 OD;? (6) weoFm&Dwdkif; 13 OD;? (7) yJc;l wdik ;f 51 OD;? (8) rauG;wdik ;f 39 OD;? (9) rE aW v;wdik ;f 56 OD;? (10) rGejf ynfe,f 20 OD;? (11) &cdkifjynfe,f 26 OD;? (12) &efuek w f ikd ;f 61 OD;? (13) &Sr;f jynfe,f 56 OD;? (14) {&m0wDwikd ;f 51 OD;?

(3) (4) (5) (6)

a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh trsKd;orD;udk,fpm;vS,f (15) OD;rSm æ (1) a':pdew f if/ a&$uòl rd e,frq J ENe,f/ ucsijf ynfe,f? (uG,v f eG )f (2) eef;cifaxG;jrif/h bm;tHòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (3)/ u&ifjynfe,f? (3) a':q,fq,f/ cE ;DW òrd e,frq J ENe,f/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ? (4) a':cifpef;vdi_ /f 0ufvufòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ? (5) a':vSvrS ;kd / rif;vSòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/ yJc;l wdik ;f ? (6) a':arESi;f =unf (c) a':eD/ rd;k ukwòf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1)/ rE aW v;wdik ;f ? (7) a':tkef;=unf/ jrpfom;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif;? (8) a':cifaX;ºuG,/f acsmif;qHòk rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/ rGejf ynfe,f? (9) a':wifapmOD;/ rk'òkH rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1)/ rGejf ynfe,f? (uG,v f eG )f (10) a':pef;pef;/ qdyfurf;òrd e,frJqENe,f/ &efukefwdkif;? (11) a':pef;ar (a&$ual rESi;f )/ wdu k }f uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f ? (12) a'guw f mar0if;jrif/h r&rf;uke;f òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f ? (13) a':cifat;jrif/h &efuif;òrd e,frq J ENe,f/ &efuek w f ikd ;f ? (14) a':pef;pef;0if;/ tvHòk rd e,frq J ENe,f/ &efuek w f ikd ;f ? (uG,v f eG )f (15) a':aròzd;/ erRwòl rd e,frq J ENe,f/ &Sr;f jynfe,f? (uG,v f eG )f a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onfh trsK;d orD;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f m;vH;k onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf =hJ uolrsm;csn;f jzpfonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfw0ef;vHk;Y a&G; aumufyu JG si;f ycJo h nfh rJqENe,faygi;f (485) e,fwiG f rJqENe,fxuf0ufausmw f iG f 0ifa&muf ,SOòf ydicf hJ onfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;}uD; (4) zG@J &cdS &hJ m tqdyk gEikd if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;}uD; (4) zG@J . a&G;aumuf wifajr mufcHcJh&r_ taetxm;rSm æ pOf

a&G;aumuf &&Sdaom a&G;aumufcHr_ yGJ0if uk, d pf m;vS,f rJqENe,f ta&twGuf &mckid Ef e_ ;f 1 trsKd;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ@csKyf 447 392 87 ² 69 2 wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!Gwfa&;ygwD 413 10 2 ² 42

a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh woD;yk*~vudk,fpm;vS,f (6) OD;rSm æ (1) a'gufwmr_xef/ xefwvefòrd e,frJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f? (2) OD;vseftkyf/ [m;cg;òrd e,frJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

OD;odef;az/ uef@bvlòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? OD;0if;&Sdef/ ajrmifòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? OD;yDwmvif;yif/ jyifO;D vGiòf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/ rE aW v;wdik ;f ? a'gufwmpef;atmif/ t*Fylòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;?

Ekid if aH &;ygwDt zGJ@tpnf;trnf

3 'Dru dk a&pDESihf +idr;f csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf 4 jynfaxmifpt k rsKdom;rsm;'Dru dk a&pD ygwD

309 247

0 ² 40

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. tajctaerSm aumfr&Siw f iG rf w S yf w kH ifco hJ nfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f (236) zG@J &cdS &hJ m/ ,if;wd@k teuf rdrq d ENtav#mufzsuo f rd ;f cJo h nfh ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (102) zG@J / ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwED iS q hf ufo, G rf &_ o dS jzifh zsuo f rd ;f cHc&hJ onfh ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (3) zG@J / tenf;qH;k owfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,f (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifjcif;rðyEdkifojzifh zsufodrf;cHcJh&onfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (6) zGJ@/ a&G;aumufyGJvnf;r0if/ udk,fwdkifvnf;zsufodrf;ay;jcif;r&Sdojzifh e0w. (1§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (142) zGJ@/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf ,SOfòydif+yD;rS y,fzsufcJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (83) zGJ@&SdcJhojzifh w&m;0ifqufvuf&yfwnfaeonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf; (10) zGJ@ om usef&Sdawmhonf? if;wdk@rSm æ

(2) 1989 - 90 b¾mESpf usyf 19 578 458 (1-4-89 rS 31-3-90) (3) 1990 - 91 b¾mESpf usyf 13 813 123 (1-4-90 rS 30-6-90) cef@rSef;ukefusaiG pkpkaygif; ] usyf 35 618 303 ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;y+yD;pD;jcif;? Taumfr&Sio f nf vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyv JG yk if ef; rsm;udk 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmvrSpI aqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;odk@aqmif&Guf&mwGif acsmarmajyjypf onfv h yk if ef;rsm;&So d uJo h @dk tcsK d vkyif ef;rsm;udv k nf; Ekid if aH &;t&vnf;aumif;/ pDrcH ef@caJG &;t& vnf; aumif; óud;pmajz&Si;f aqmif&u G cf =hJ uonf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ,if;. pwkw wm0eftjzpf vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;&ef owfrw S cf o hJ nf? jynforl sm;u vnf; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk usif;yay;&ef vkdvm;awmifh wcJh=uonf? xk@d a=umifh aumfr&Sio f nf rdrt d m;ay;tyfxm;onfh vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;usif;y&efwm0efukd vkyfief;tpDtpOfESifh tcsdfefZ,m;rsm;csrSwfum wqih+f yD;wqifh twdtusatmifjrifpmG aqmif&u G I f aemufq;Hk yef;wkid af e@jzpfaom 1352 ckEpS /f e,kef vqef; 4 &uf (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27) &uf) ae@wGif vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D ukd atmifjrifpmG usi;f yay;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? ,if;od@k atmifjrifpmG usi;f ycJjh cif;ESihf pyfvsO;f I jynfot l ajrmuftjrm;uvnf;aumif;/ rJqENay;=uol rJqEN&iS t f ajrmuftjrm;u vnf; aumif;/ 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydi=f uonfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D rsm;pkuvnf;aumif;/ vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wonf[k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omcs;D usL;=uonftxdomru ,cifu oHo,&So d nf[k twdtvif;xkwaf zmfajym qkcd =hJ uonfh Ekid if jH cm;tpd;k &rsm;/ Ekid if jH cm;oHwrefrsm;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;owif;axmufrsm;ESiEhf idk if jH cm; owif; Xmersm;uyif vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wr_&o dS nf[k vnf;aumif;/ pepfwus&o dS nf[v k nf;aumif; woH wnf; 0efccH s;D usL;cJ=h uonf? ÙÙÙÙÙ

(1) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (2) &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (3) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (4) vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD (5) òrd(ac: )crD trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (r/ c/ r/ n/ z) (6) jynfaxmifpkytdk0f;trsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf (7) &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (8) jynfaxmifpku&iftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (9) ud;k uef@'rD u kd a&pDEiS hf nD!w G af &;ygwD (10) 0 trsKd;om;zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD wdk@jzpfonf? tqdkyg EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (10) zGJ@wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tenf;qHk;wOD;ESifh txufa&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cH&onfh tzG@J (7) zG@J &+dS y;D / (3) zG@J rmS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD; wa,muf r# a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; rcH&onfhtzGJ@rsm;jzpfonf? a&G;aumufyt JG wGuf Ekid if aH wmfru S sco H ;Hk pGo J nfah iGrsm;? aumfr&Sifonf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf óudwifjyifqifr_ vkyfief;rsm;ukd 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmvrSpI aqmif&GufcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;teuf t"duvkyif ef;rsm;jzpfonfh pma&;ud&, d mrsm;0,f,jl zef@jzL;jcif;/ qENrv J ufrw S rf sm;¶ku d Ef ySd jf cif;/ qENðy wHqyd w f ;Hk ESihf wHqyd ¶f u dk f rifccH u G rf sm;0,f,jl cif;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;/ !$ef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cJGrsm;. vkyfief;vrf;!$efESifh rJ¶kHrª;ESifh rJ¶kH tzG@J 0ifrsm;twGuv f rf;!$ef ponfph mtkyrf sm;udk ðypkyEHk ydS jf zef@a0jcif;/ rJ¶aHk qmufvyk jf cif;/ rJy;Hk rsm;ðyvkyjf cif; ponfwdk@twGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk vnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;udk jynfe,f okd@r[kwf wkdif;/ òrd@e,fpk/ òrd e,f/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u taumiftxnfazmf vkyaf qmif&mwGif ukeu f srnft h ok;H p&dwrf sm;ukv d nf;aumif; Ekid if aH wmf.b¾maiGrS usco H ;Hk pGcJ o hJ nf? ,if;odk@ uscHokH;pGJcJh&mwGif b¾mESpftvkduf ukefusaiGrsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf? (1) 1988 - 89 b¾mESpf usyf 2 226 722 (1-10-88 rS 31-3-89)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@wGif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUÏ/ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmifrS EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. wifjyarwWm&yfccH sut f m; wdik ;f jynfo@kd a=unmcsu?f &[ef;&Sifvl jynfoltaygif;wdk@cifAsm; æ EdkifiHawmftwGif;rSmvuf&Sdjzpfay:aewJh tajctaersm;eJ@ywfouf+yD; wyfrawmftay:rSm &[ef;/ &Siv f /l jynfow l &yfv;kH taeeJ@ txiftjrifvrJG mS ;r_rsm;rjzpfapzd@k e@J wyfrawmf.&yfwnfcsuu f kd od&EdS ikd zf @kd twGuf &Si;f vif;wifjyvdyk gw,f? Edik if aH wmfw0ef;vH;k jzpfay:cJw h t hJ a&;tcif;[m ppfreS af om 'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;&nf&G,fcsufeJ@ at;csrf;pGmqENjy tcGifhta&;awmif;qdkonfh EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;u pwifcJhaomfvnf; aemufydkif;rSm rormolrsm;/ t=urf;zuform;rsm; a&maESmyg0ifvm+yD; EdkifiHawmf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udyk g pd;k &drzf , G &f mtajctaersm;a&mufwt hJ xd qlyv l y_ &f mS ;r_/ +cdr;f ajcmufr/_ &ufpufrp_ wJh rif;rJph ¶du k ðf yvkyrf r_ sm;txd jzpfay:vmcJyh gw,f? tJ'v D kd qd;k &Gm;pGmv_y&f mS ; vmI xde;f rEdik f odr;f r&jzpfae+yD; wzufrmS vnf; Edik if aH &;enf;t& ajz&Si;f r&Edik af wmhwt hJ ajctae awGjzpfay:vmvd@k wdik ;f jynftwGuf }uD;rm;wJt h E &W m,fusa&mufawmhr,fq h q J rJ mS wyfrawmftaeeJ@ tcuftcJtusyt f wnf;rsm;eJ@ &ifqikd &f rSmudo k &d v dS #uef @J rv$rJ a&Smifomawmhv@kd Edik if aH wmftm%m udk &,lcjhJ cif;omjzpfygw,f? tckvkd aqmif&u G &f wJt h wGuv f nf; pdwrf csr;f ajrhrr_ sm;pGmcHpm;&ygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@taeeJ@ tpdk;&udkzGJ@pnf;jcif;[m EdkifiHwEdkifiHrSm &Sdoifh&SdxdkufwJh t*F g&yfw&yfeJ@ jynfhpHkapzdk@/ EdkifiHwumqufqHa&;eJ@ wm0efawGcGJa0xrf;aqmifEdkifzdk@twGufomjzpf+yD; yk*d~Kvftenf; i,fr#eJ@om wm0efawGrsm;jym;pGmay;tyfxm;jcif;u EdkifiHawmftm%mudk =um&Snfav;jrifhpGm &,l xm;vdkaomqEN vHk;0r&Sda=umif;udk xif&Sm;apygw,f? u|efawmfeJ@wuG vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;/ wyfr awmfom;tm;vH;k u Edik if aH wmftm%mudk =um&Snpf mG &,lvakd om qENr&Sad =umif; &[ef;/ &Siv f /l jynfol taygi;f udk ¶d;k om;av;pm;wnf=unfpmG uwdðyygw,f? u|eaf wmf OD;aqmifO;D &Guðf ywhJ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yf ydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@taeeJ@ u|efawmfwdk@&J a=unmcsuftrSwf 1§88 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh æ (u) w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;eJ@ e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;/ (c) vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; vHkðcHacsmarG@apa&;/ (*) jynforl sm;&J pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef tpGr;f ukeóf u;d yrf;aqmif&u G af y;&efe@J yk*v ~ u d / or0g,rwd@k u aqmif&u G Ef ikd af tmifvnf; wwfEikd o f r# ulnaD qmif&u G af y;Edik af &;wd@k ukd vwf wavmaqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;wm0efrsm;tjzpf &nfrSef;csufxm;+yD; tjrefqHk;+yD;ajrmuf atmif oEMdXmefcsrSwf aqmif&Gufae+yDjzpfygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@tzGJ@&J a=unmcsuf trSwf (1§88) tydk'f (1) &J pwkw tcsufrSmyg&SdwJh ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; tjrefqHk;aqmif&Gufay;zdk@ tpDtpOf&Sd+yD; aqmif&Guf&efrsm;udk pwifaqmif&Gufaea=umif;udkvnf; jynfoljynfom;rsm;eJ@wuG a&G;aumufyGJ yg0ifr,fh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udkvnf; today;vdkygw,f? yg0if,SOfòydif=ur,fh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; uvnf; Oya'eJ@tnD rSwfyHkwifEdkifzdk@ óudwifjyifqifxm;=u&rSm jzpfygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@ wm0ef,l wm[m &ufydkif;r#om&Sdygao;w,f? u|efawmfwdk@aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk apmifh=unfh+yD;/ qENapm+yD; awmif; qdkcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdkjcif;rðy=ubJ rdrdwdk@tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk wnf+idrfpGmxdef;xm;=uzdk@ aqmif&Gufoifh a=umif; t=uHay;ygw,f? u|eaf wmfw@kd wawG[m wyfrawmfom;awGjzpf=uygw,f? wyfrawmfom;rsm;eJ@ zG@J pnf;xm; wJh u|efawmfwdk@tzGJ@taeeJ@vnf; EdkifiHhaus;Zl;opPmudkcH,lxm;wJhtzGJ@tpnf;jzpfvdk@ EdkifiHawmfeJ@ Edik if o H m;rsm;tay: 0efcx H m;&S+d yD;jzpfwhJ uwdopPmudk rnfo@kd aomta=umif;a=umifrh # y,fzsu/f azmuf zsufrSmr[kwfa=umif; ,Hk=unfxm;&Sd=uapvdkygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@tzGJ@taeeJ@ pufwifbmv (20) &ufae@u EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJ@ q&mawmf bk&m;}uD;rsm;&J arwWm&yfcHcsufudk tav;teufxm;+yD; ¶dkaopGmjzifh rSwfom;em,lxm; rnfjzpfyga=umif; av#mufxm;tyfygonfbk&m;? 'Dae&mrSm 0efxrf;rsm;eJ@ywfoufwu hJ pd u P v kd nf; tenf;i,fajym=um;vdyk gw,f? 0efxrf;wOD;

taeeJ@ EdkifiH&J wm0efudkxrf;aqmif&mrSm rnfonfhygwD/ rnfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;&J =oZmcH rjzpfoifhyg? Edik if aH wmftusK;d twGuf aqmif&u G &f rnfh rnfonft h pd;k &wufwuf/ tJ't D pd;k &u w&m;ojzifah y;tyf onfhwm0efudk EdkifiHtusKd;twGuf wm0efxrf;aqmif=u&rSmjzpfygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@EdkifiHawmf&J ,ae@tajctae[m ysufpD;jcif;umvudkausmfvGef+yD; wnf+idrfr_rsm; &&Sdoifhoavmuf &&Sdae+yDjzpfyg w,f? u|eaf wmfw@kd taeeJ@ wnf+idrrf &_ o dS nfEiS t hf r# wnfaqmufjcif;udk tjrefpwif=u&ygawmhr,f? EdkifiHom;rsm;awmifhwaewJh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepf wnfaqmufEdkifatmif u|efawmfwdk@eJ@ vufwGJvkyf aqmif=uzd@k wdu k w f eG ;f ygw,f? tajctaersm; txdu k t f av#muf wnf+idrrf &_ &Sv d maecsed rf mS tajctaeqd;k rsm; xyfrrH jzpf ay:apzdk@ EdkifiHawmfydkifypPnf;/ puf¶Hk/ tvkyf¶Hkrsm;udk rormolrsm;taejzifh vlpkvla0;jzifh vk,uf/ azmuf xGi;f / zsuq f ;D jcif;rsm;rðyvky=f uzd@k owday;ajym=um;vdyk gw,f? 'Dvkd &mZ0wfru _ kd vlpv k al 0;eJ@ vkyaf qmif csurf sm;tm; u|eaf wmfw@kd taeeJ@ vspv f sL¶_raeEdik v f @kd xda&mufpmG aqmif&u G &f rSmjzpfa=umif; xrfrH owday; ajym=um;vdkygw,f? u|eaf wmfw@kd wm0ef,rl ,fu h mv[m tvGew f akd wmif;vSwt hJ wGuf use;f rma&;/ ynma&;/ tjcm; vlra_ &;qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;udk xdu k o f ifo h avmufom xde;f odr;f aqmif&u G o f mG ;Edik rf mS jzpfygw,f? a&&Snðf yjyifaqmif&u G &f r,fh use;f rma&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;qdik &f m vkyif ef;rsm;udak wmh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD;aemuf wufa&mufvmr,fh tpd;k &tzG@J tpnf;u aqmif&u G af y;zd@k jzpfygw,f? u|eaf wmfw@kd wyfrawmftaeeJ@uawmh jynfojl ynfom;rsm;u rdrw d @kd & J 'Dru kd a&pDyikd cf iG t hf & vGwv f yfr#wpGm a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufz@JG pnf;vdu k w f hJ tpd;k &tzG@J tpnf;udk Edik if aH wmf& J tm%mudk v$aJ jymif; ay;+yD;wmeJ@ u|eaf wmfw@kd & J rlvwm0efjzpfwhJ Edik if aH wmfumuG,af &;ESihf vHðk cHa&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; wm0efawGuo kd m qufvufaqmif&u G o f mG ;rSmjzpfa=umif; xyfru H wday;vdyk gw,f? 'ga=umifh vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD; tjrefq;kH usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJrSmyg0if,SOfòydif=ur,fh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifhvnf;aumif;/ &[ef;/ &Sifvl/ jynfolrsm;eJ@ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudkvdkvm;awmifhwaeoltm;vHk;uvnf;aumif; 0dkif;0ef;ulnD aqmif&Guf=uyg&ef arwWm&yfcHtyfygw,fcifAsm; æ? ( vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOf owif;pm - 24/ 9/ 1988 ) ÙÙÙÙÙ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifwGif rSwfyHkwifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (26) ESpfwm wygwDpepfusifhoHk;cJh+yD;aemuf ygwDpHkpepf usifhoHk;&efjzpfvm onfhtcg EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; zGJ@pnf;v_yf&Sm;&mwGif pepfwus pnf;¶Hk;v_yf&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'udk 1988 ckEpS /f pufwif bmv (27) &ufae@wGif jyXmef;ay;cJhonf? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk jyXmef;+yD;onfah emuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG axGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS ,if;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD a&G;aumufyGJY 0if

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&muf,OS òf ydiv f akd om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@rpS I rSwfyHkwifcGifhðycJh&m aemufqHk;rSwfyHkwifcGifhðy&efjzpfonfh 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28) &ufae@txd (5) vcef@twGi;f rSwyf w kH ifc=hJ uonfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;toD;oD;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf? Ù a&G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOfòyifcJh+yD; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftenf;qHk;wOD;ESifhtxuf a&G;cs,f wifajr mufcHcJh&onfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) 'Dru kd a&pDygwD Democracy Party (DP) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 30-9-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² armif; ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (2) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf National League for Democracy (NLD) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (392) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 30-9-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² carmuf ¡ ,ae@wdik f w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&f o dS nf? ¢ (3) 'Dru kd &ufwpfwuUov kd b f @JG &ESihf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J Graduates and Old Students Democratic Association ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 10-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufqGJrD;tdrf ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSw(f 7§92) jzifh zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? ¢ (4) &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Arakan League for Democracy (ALD) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (11) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 12-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² qDrD;cGuf ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (6) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (5) wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwD National Unity Party (NUP)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (10) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 12-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² pyg;ESH ¡ ,ae@wdik f w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&f o dS nf? ¢ (6) rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (5) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 17-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ae=umyef;yGifh ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (7) Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uf Zomi National Congress (ZNC) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 18-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aomhcavmuf ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (8) csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Chin National League for Democracy (CNLD) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 18-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aomhwGJ ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (9) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ Patriotic Old Comrades League (POCL) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 28-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ykavG ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (10) &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (23) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 21-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² tdk;pnf ¡ ,ae@wdik f w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&f o dS nf? ¢ (11) em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufzGH@òzd;a&;ygwD Naga Hills Regional Progressive Party (NHRPP) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 26-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² av,mOfysH ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (12) u,m;jynfe,fvrl sK;d aygi;f pH'k rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf Kayah State All Nationalities League for Democracy (KNLD) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 28-10-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² a&wGif; ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (13) ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf Kachin State National Congress for Democracy (KNCD) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 31-8-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² acgif;avmif; ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (6) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (14) u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf Karen State Nationals Organization (KSNO) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 1-11-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² wa,m ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (15) jynfaxmifpkytdk0fhtrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf Union Paoh National Organization (UPNO) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 1-11-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² o&ufoD;wGJoHk;vHk; ¡ ,ae@wdik f w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&f o dS nf? ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

(16) trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD National Democratic Party for Human Rights (NDPHR) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (4) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 1-11-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² armfawmfum; ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (17) wtm0f; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Ta-ang (Palaung) National League for Democracy (TNLD) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 15-11-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufzuf&nf=urf;tdk; ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (18) &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'rD u kd &ufwpfygwD Shan State Kokang Democratic Party (SSKDP) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 16-9-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² uwfa=u; ¡ ,ae@wdik f w&m;0if &yfwnfvsu&f o dS nf? ¢ (19) jynfaxmifpk "EktrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Union Danu League for Democracy (UDLD) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 7-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aowWm ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (20) ureftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Kamans National League for Democracy (KNLD) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 13-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufqGJjcif; ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (21) u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Democratic Organization for Kayan National Unity (DOKNU) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 14-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² z¶Ho k ;D ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (22) r&mjynfo@l ygwD Mara People's Party (MPP) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 14-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aumufvd_if;txHk; ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (23) jynfaxmifpt k rsK;d om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDygwD (,ltife'f yD )D Union Nationals Democracy Party (UNDP) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 16-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² csdefcGif ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (24) òrd (ac: ) crD trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (r/ c/ r/ n/ z) Mro or Khami National Solidarity Organization (MKNSO) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 22-12-88 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² a&bHkbdkif ¡ ,ae@wdik f w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&f o dS nf? ¢ (25) vm;[ltrsK;d om;zG@H òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygwD Lahu National Development Party (LNDP) ¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 27-2-89 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aq;wH ¡ ,ae@wdik f w&m;0if &yfwnfvsu&f o dS nf? ¢ (26) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygwD Party for National Democracy (PND) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (3) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 27-2-89 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ESJ ¡ 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y a&;aumfr&Sirf S Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;rSy,fzsuaf =umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf (902) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unmonf? ¢ (27) jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf United Nationalities League for Democracy (UNLD) ¡ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;aumufwifajr mufccH &hJ onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 27-2-89 a&G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² qdkif;0dkif; ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ Ù a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf yifc+hJ y;D v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;r# a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; rcH&aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD People's Democratic Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (2) jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mr[mrdwv f il ,frsm;tpnf;t¶H;k All Burma United Youths Organization ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (3) nD!w G af &;ESizhf @HG òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygwD Unity and Development Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (13) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (5§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (4) zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ jynfol@vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (z-q-y-v) Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (5) trsKd;om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Democratic Front for National Reconstruction (Union of Burma) ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (6) jrefrmEdik if n H ! D w G af &;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Burma United Democratic Party ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (1§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (7) trsK;d om;+idr;f csr;f a&;ESi'hf rD u kd a&pDygwD National Peace and Democracy Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (8) jynfaxmifpku&iftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf Union Karen League ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if&yfwnfvsuf&Sdonf? ¢ (9) vl@abmifopf'rD u kd &ufwpfygwD Democratic Party for New Society (D.P.N.S.) ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (6) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (10) jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@csKyf (ArmEdkifiH) People's Volunteer Organization (Burma) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (11) ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD The Kachin State National Democratic Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (13) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (5§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (12) jynfcspfvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk; Patriotic Youth Organization ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (17) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (13) jrefrmEdik if 'H rD u kd &ufwpfjynfo@l tiftm;tzG@J csKyf All Burma Democratic People's Power Organization ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (14) trsK;d om;wd;k wufa&;vli,ftzG@J csKyf (jrefrmEdik if )H National Progressive Youth of Burma ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (5§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (15) 'Dru kd &ufwpfavbmygwD (jrefrmjynf) Democratic Labour Party (Burma)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (16) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH z-q-y-v A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) AFPFL (Hq) ¡ 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (31) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (906) jzifh Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpfrw S yf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsucf hJ onf? ¢ (17) &Sr;f jynfwikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf Democratic League for the National Races of the Shan State ¡ Ed k i f i H a wmf + id r f 0 yf y d j ym;r_ w nf a qmuf a &;tzG J @ rS 1992 ck E S p f / azazmf 0 g&D v (13) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (5§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (18) trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;uGe*f &uf United National Congress ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (19) 'Dru kd &ufwpfv@l tcGit hf a&;ygwD Democratic Human Rights Party ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (20) rsK;d csp'f rD u kd &ufwpfvil ,fwyfaygi;f pk (jrefrmEdik if )H Patriotic Democratic Youth Front (Burma) ¡ 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (11) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (911) jzifh Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpfrw S yf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsucf hJ onf? ¢ (21) awmifolv,form;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (w/ v/ p/ n) Peasants' Unity Organization ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (22) vli,fpnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;tzG@J Youth Unity Organization ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (23) tvkyo f rm;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;tzG@J (v/ p/ n) Workers' Unity Organization ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (24) jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mtrsK;d om;rsm;wd;k wufa&;'Dru kd a&pDygwD All Burma National Progressive Democracy Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(25) vli,fnD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Youths' Solidarity Front (Union of Burma) ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (8) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (26) &Sr;f trsK;d om;zG@H òzd;a&;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H Shan National Development Democratic Party (Union of Burma) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (27) 'Dru kd a&pDjrwfE;kd aomjynforl sm;tzG@J csKyf ('-r-y-z) Democratic People's League (DPL) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (28) jrefrmtrsK;d orD;wd;k wufa&;or*~ (A[dXk mecsKyf)

Union for the Improvement of Burma Women (Central Headquarters)

¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (29) jynfo@l prG ;f tm;ygwD People's Power Party (PPP) ¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmufzsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (30) jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;ygwD (y-w-c) Union Stability Party (USP) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (31) &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (&-w-n) The Arakan National Unity Organization (ANUO) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (8) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (1§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (32) trsKd;om;+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD National Peace Party (NPP) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (33) vGwfvyfaomjrefrmEdkifiHjynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf Free People League of Burma ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (34) ucsiw f uUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;OD;aqmifaomucsiv f il ,ftzG@J Union of Kachin Youth Led by Kachin University Students (UKY)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (23) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (35) &cdik v f rl sK;d pkrsm;'Dru kd a&pDygwD Arakan Nationalities Democracy Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (8) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (1§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (36) zufqpfqef@usiaf &;jynfo@l vw G v f yfa&;rlvtzG@J csKyf (z-q-y-v rlvtzG@J csKyf) Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Hq); AFPFL (Original) (Hq) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (37) awmifolv,form;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) League of Peasants' Unions (Union of Burma) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (13) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (5§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (38) tvkyo f rm;nD!w G af &;or*~rsm;tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H United Trade Union Congress (Union of Burma) ¡ Ed k i f i H a wmf + id r f 0 yf y d j ym;r_ w nf a qmuf a &;tzG J @ rS 1992 ck E S p f / azazmf 0 g&D v (13) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (5§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (39) ar,kz@HG òzd;wd;k wufa&;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzG@J csKyf (tm&fumef) Students and Youths League for Mayyu Development (Arakan) ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (40) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if n H ! D w G af &;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (y-n-'-z) Union of Burma Unity Democracy League (RUDL) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (41) awmifov l ,form; u'l;/ ueef;ESihf &Sr;f trsK;d om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (Aef;armufòrd ) Farmer, Gadu, Ganan and Shan National Unity Democratic Headquarters (Banmauk Myo) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (42) udk;uef@'Drdkua&pDESifhnD!Gwfa&;ygwD Kokang Democracy and Unity Party ¡ ,ae@wdik f w&m;0if &yfwnfvsu&f o dS nf? ¢ (43) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf ('D§+idrf;) League for Democracy and Peace (LDP)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; ¡ 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (908) jzifh Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpfrw S yf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsucf o hJ nf?¢ (44) awmifov l ,form;wd;k wufz@HG òzd;a&;ygwD Peasants' Development Party (PDP) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (45) &Sr;f jynfe,fucsit f rsK;d om;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD Shan State Kachin Democratic Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (46) ucsit f rsK;d om;vH;k qdik &f muGe*f &uf Kachin National Congress (KNC) ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (47) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkb0opfxal xmifa&;ygwD (XmecsKyf) National Ethnic Reformation Party (Headquarters) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (48) jynfol@a&S aqmifygwD (y-&-y) People's Pioneer Party (PPP) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (49) trsKd;om;ygwD (t-r-y) Amyothar Party (AP) ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (1§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (50) rsK;d qufopftm;rmefvil ,fw h yfO;D The Might of New Generation Youth Front (Burma) ¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (51) 0 trsKd;om;zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD Wa National Development Party ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfvsuf&Sdonf? ¢ (52) vDq;l trsK;d om;aoG;pnf;cdik rf ma&;tzG@J (v-r-o-z) Lisu National Solidarity (LNS) ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (8§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (53) u&iftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf (u-'-w) Karen National Congress for Democracy (KNCD) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (54) tif;trsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf Inn-Tha National Organization ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (27) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (55) &cdkiftrsKd;om;vlr_b0jr ifhwifa&;tzGJ@ The Rakhine National Humanitarian Development Organization ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (56) wdik ;f &if;EG,zf mG ;yl;aygi;f a&;ygwD Indigenous Race Collaboration Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (57) jynfaxmifpkjynfol@b0ESifh'Drdkua&pDygwD Union People's Future and Democracy Party ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (58) jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDygwDrsm;tzGJ@csKyf United League of Democratic Parties ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (19) &ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtavsmuf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (59) uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ qdk&S,fvpfqef@usifa&;/ tm%m&Sifqef@usifa&;/ vGwv f yfaom'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

Anti-Communist, Anti-Socialist, Anti-Totalitarian Free Democracy League

¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@ trSwf (4§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (60) trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pk (vli,f) National Politics Front (Youth) ¡ 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (6) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (909) jzifh Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpfrw S yf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsucf hJ onf? ¢ (61) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if 'H rD u kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (y-'-w) Union of Burma Democratic Front ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (1§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (62) 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-z) League of Democratic Allies ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (1§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (63) &cdik jf ynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk Arakan People's Democratic Front ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (13) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (64) jynfo@l awmifov l ,form;or*~ (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H People's Peasants Union (Union of Burma) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (65) trsK;d om;a&;yuwdvrf;pOfO;D aqmiftiftm;pktzG@J csKyf Leading Strength of National Realism Central ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25) &ufae@wGif aumfr&SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (66) 'Dru kd a&pDjrwfE;kd aomjynforl sm;r[mrdwt f zG@J }uD; ('-r-r-z) Democratic Allies' League (DAL) ¡ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@&ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§92) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ Ù aumfr&Siw f iG rf w S yf w kH ifc+hJ y;D a&G;aumufyrJG wdik rf D ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) jynfol@vli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) People's Youth Federation (Burma) (2) jrefrmjynf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Burma Democratic Party (3-11-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;.qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHk wifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (3) jynfaxmifp+k idr;f csr;f a&;'Dru kd a&pDygwD United Peace Democratic Party (5-1-90 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHk wifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (4) 'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;tzG@J Democracy Development Organization (11-12-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwif xm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (5) 'Drdkua&pDwdk;wufa&;r[mrdwfygwD Democratic Progress Allied Party (23-11-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwif xm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (6) vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf The League for Human Rights and Peace (8-1-90 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHk wifxm; jcif;udyk ,fzsucf o hJ nf?) (7) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mtrsKd;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf All Burma National Youths League (8) jrefrmjynfwdk;wufa&;vli,ftzGJ@csKyf Youth Union for Burma's Progress (9) jynfo@l vw G v f yfrE_ iS hf wd;k wufrc_ ikd jf rJa&;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD People's Democratic Party for Stability of Freedom and Development

(10) jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ESiv hf w G af jrmufa&;'Dru kd a&pDwyfO;D People's Progressive and Freedom Democracy Front (11) a&S aqmiftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD Forward National Democracy Front (12) 'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@ Democracy and Human Rights Organization (D-H-O) ¡ ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm;t& 7-3-89 &ufae@rSpI rdrdwdk@.ygwDudk zsufodrf;ay;yg&ef em,u/ OuUÏESifh taxGaxG twG i f ; a&;rª ; wd k @ tygt0if tvk y f t r_ a qmif t zG J @ 0if t m;vH k ; u wif j yvmojzif h ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (7) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (243) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (13) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhpD;yGm;zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD The Peace and Economic Development Party of Union of Burma (14) ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDpepftzGJ@ (p-'-p) Real Democracy System Party ¡ ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm;t& 15-2-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D kd zsuo f rd ;f +yD;jzpfa=umif; OuUÏ/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&; rª;ESihf wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if (5) OD;wd@k ud, k w f ikd f vma&mufwifjyojzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f rSwyf kH wifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (208) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(15) jynfaxmifpkwdk;wufzGH@òzd;a&;tzGJ@ (jrefrmEdkifiH) Federal Development Organization (Burma) (16) jynfol@ausmif;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD People's Student Democratic Party (17) wd;k wufaom'Dru kd &ufwpfvil ,frsm;tzG@J csKyf (jrefrmEdik if )H Progressive Democratic Youth League (Burma) (18) vpfb&,f'rD u kd a&pDygwD Liberal Democracy Party (19) ArmhrsKd;cspfvli,ftpnf;t¶Hk; Association of Burma Patriotic Youth (20) 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm;tzGJ@ (rGefjynfe,f) Democratic Youth Organization (Mon State) (21) jynfo@l aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;ESiv hf y_ &f mS ;r_ygwD People's Solidarity and Action Party (22) 'Dru kd a&pDorRwEdik if w H nfwahH &;wyfO;D Democratic Republican Front (Burma) (23) jynfaxmifpkvli,fausmif;om;rsm;aygif;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ Youth and Student Union Association (24) &cdik jf ynfn! D w G af &;ESi'hf rD u kd a&pDtzG@J Rakhine Unity and Democracy Association (25) vlrsKd;aygif;pHkcspf=unfa&;toif;(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Society for International Friendship (Union of Burma) ¡jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifjcif;rðyonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (26) ae&Sief ,fygwD National Party (27) &cdik jf ynfo@l n! D w G af &;tzG@J Arakan People's United Organization (28) nD!Gwfa&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD Party for Unity and Peace (29) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;tzGJ@ (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Organization of Peace and Welfare for Democracy (Union of Burma)

(30) jynfaxmifpkvli,fygwD Union Youth Party

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

(31) ausmif;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkygwD Students' Revolutionary Party for Democracy (SRDP) ¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifjcif;rðyonfhtwGuf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1990 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (32) vGwv f yfaom'Dru kd &ufwpfjynfaxmifpyk gwD Independent Democratic Union Party (33) &Sr;f jynfajrmufyikd ;f vli,frsm;nD!w G af &;ESizhf @HG òzd;wd;k wufa&;tzG@J Northern Shan State Youth Unity and Development Organization (34) vli,f'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Democratic Party for Youth Society (35) 'Dru kd a&pD,=kH unforl sm;aygi;f pnf;a&;tzG@J csKyf Faithful Democratic Federation (F.D.F.) (36) &Sr;f jynfe,fv;kH qdik &f m'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD Shan State Democratic Party (37) trsKd;om;tusKd;aqmiftzGJ@ National Promotion Forum (38) vGwv f yfaomjynfo@l ygwD Liberal People's Party (39) EdkifiHopf'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf League for New State Democracy (40) rsKd;cspf+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf Patriotic League for Peace (41) awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Highlander's Democratic Party (42) &cdkiftrsKd;om;rsm;vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ Arakanese Peace and Human Rights Party (43) vlrsK;d pkaygi;f pnf;zG@H òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygwD Federal Republic Development Party ¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOfòydifjcif;rðyonfhtwGuf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1990 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (44) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfjynfol@+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ People's Peace Organization of Union of Burma (45) jrefrmjynftusKd;ðyygwD

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Party for National Development (46) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJ@ Organization of Students and Youth for National Politics (47) jrefrmEkid if o H wif;axmufrsm;toif; Burma Reporters' Association (48) jrefrmjynfopfygwD New Burma Party (49) jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mnD!w G af omvlrsK;d pkrsm;tzG@J csKyf The Union of All Burma United Nationalities (50) 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,fnD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf United Democratic Youth League (51) trsK;d om;+idr;f csr;f om,ma&;ygwD (r-i-o-y) National Peace and Comfort Party ¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifjcif;rðyonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (52) 'Drdkua&pDopfygwD New Democracy Party ¡ ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm; t& 10-3-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D zkd suo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef OuUÏ/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&; rª;ESihf wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvm ojzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (10) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (244) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (53) vlr_pepfqdkif&mtawG;tac:opfrsm;xGef;um;a&;ygwD New Ideology Improvement Party for Social System (54) jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygw/D &efuek òf rd ? People's Progressive Party ¡ Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD aomif;use;f oltzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfa=umif;awG@&Sd&onfhtwGuf aumfr&SifrS 1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (315) xkwjf yefI y,fzsucf o hJ nf? ¢ (55) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH'Drdku&ufwpftzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma Democratic League (56) jynfol@qENpdk;rdk;a&;tzGJ@csKyf Rule of People's Democracy League (57) tjrJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rHk&Gmòrd ?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

Ever Green Young Men Association ¡ Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; awG@&&dS onft h wGuf aumfr&Sirf S 1989 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@&ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (316) xkwjf yefI y,fzsucf o hJ nf? ¢ (58) jynfaxmifpk'Drdku&ufwpfuGef*&uf Union Democratic Congress (59) rdcif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf League for Mother Democracy (60) 'Drdkua&pDjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tzGJ@ Democracy Reformation League (61) jynfol@'Drdkua&pD&Sifoefa&;tzGJ@csKyf League for the Vitality of People's Democracy (62) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf National Solidarity League, Union of Burma (63) &cdik v f rl sK;d pkrsm;nD!w G af &;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD Rakhine Races United Democratic Party (RRUDP) (64) w&m;r#wr_ygwD Justice Party (65) trsKd;om;=uHhcdkifa&;ESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD National Fitness and Peace Party (66) trsKd;om;orRmorRwtzGJ@csKyf National Republican Federation (NRF) (67) ppfreS af omtrsK;d om;'Dru kd &ufwpfvil ,ftzG@J Genuine National Democratic Youth Organization (68) &DywfAvpfuifygwD Republican Party (69) 'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;wyfOD; United Democratic Front (UDF) ¡ ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm; t& 31-3-89 &ufae@rSpI rdrdwdk@.ygwDudkzsufodrf;ay;yg&ef OuUÏESifh taxGaxGtwGif; a&; rª;wdk@tygt0if tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;uwifjyvmojzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y a&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv (3) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (248) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (70) awmifolv,form;ygwD (Armjynf) Peasant Party (Burma)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(71) tvkyform;ygwD (Armjynf) Labour Party (Burma) (72) &Sr;f jynfe,fv;kH qdik &f mvli,fausmif;om;rsm;+idr;f csr;f a&;tzG@J csKyf League for Peace of All Shan Youth and Students (73) b0opfygwD The New Life Party (74) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-e-w)/ rE Wav;òrd ? National Politics Front (NPF) ¡ Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; awG@&&dS onft h wGuf aumfr&Sirf S 1989 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (314) xkwjf yefI y,fzsucf o hJ nf? ¢ (75) jynfaxmifpkzGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;ESifh w&m;r#wa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ygwD (y-z-w-v) Union Progress and Justice Action Party (UPJAP) (76) vrf;!$ef'Drdkua&pDygwD Guidance Democracy Party (GDP) (77) nD!w G af &;tiftm;pktzG@J United Force Party (78) 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_ygwjD refrmjynf Democratic Action Party of Burma (DAB) (79) zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; rlvvli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) Youth Organization of Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Burma) (HQ) (80) ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶H;k (XmecsKyf) (A-v-p) All Burma Youth League (Hqrs) (ABYL) (81) jynfaxmifpkvlrsKd;pkrsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) Union National League (Burma) (82) trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pD/ +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhaoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (r-'-i-o-n) National Democratic Peace and Solidarity Party (NDPSP) (83) awmifov l ,form;ESit hf vkyo f rm; zG@H òzd;wd;k wufa&; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (v-t-z-') Peasants and Workers Development Democracy League (PWDDL) (84) jynfo@l w&m;r#wa&;ygwD (jrefrmjynf) People's Justice Party (Burma) (85) 'Drdkua&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifolv,form;/ tvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Peasants and Workers League for Democratic New-Construction (Union of Burma)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

¡ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm;t& 31-3-89 &ufae@rSpI rdrdwdk@.ygwDudkzsufodrf;ay;yg&ef OuUÏESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmojzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (31) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (247) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (86) aoG;opfvli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) League of New Generations (Union of Burma) (87) jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfr_xGef;um;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (r-v-x) Burma's League for Liberal Evolution ¡ ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm; t& 31-3-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D zkd suo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef OuUÏESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&; rª;wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmojzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG axGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y a&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (31) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (247) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (88) &uQdKifausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf League for Arakan Students and Youths (89) 'Dru kd a&pDwnfaqmufa&;jynfo@l wyfO;D People's Front for Democracy Construction (90) jynfcspf'Drdkua&pDygwD (y-'-y) Patriotic Democracy Party (PDP) (91) wdk;wufaomjrefrmjynfopfygwD Progressive New Burma Party (PNBP) (92) jynfaxmifp. k ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDygwD (jrefrmEdik if )H Union's Genuine Democracy Party (Burma) (93) 'Dru kd a&pDygwpD n kH ! D w G af &;!Ge@f aygi;f tzG@J csKyf Coalition League for Democratic Party Unity (94) ytdk0f;trsKd;om;zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;tzGJ@ Pa-O National Development Organization (95) r[mrdw'f rD u kd a&pDXmecsKyf League for Democracy Alliance ¡ ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0ifrsm;tm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm; t& 23-3-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D zkd suo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef OuUÏESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmojzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (23) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (246) jzifh y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(96) uluD;csif;trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (u-r-p-y) Kuki Chin National Unity Party (KCNUP) (97) 'Dru kd &ufwpfjynforl sm;ESi0hf efxrf;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J csKyf ('-y-x-c) Democratic People and Retired Personnel Organization (DPRPO) (98) jrefrmjynfvt l rsm;aumif;pm;a&;ygwD (qifjzLu|e;f òrd ) Burma People's Welfare Party (Sinbyugyun) (99) jynfo@l tiftm;'Dru kd &ufwpfvil ,ftzG@J csKyf People's Potential Democratic Youth League (100) ppfrSefyGifhvif;I w&m;r#waom'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Real, Peace [Open], Just-Democratic Party (Union of Burma) (101) 'Dru kd a&pDvrl 0_ ef;usio f pfwnfaqmufa&;ygwD ({&m0wDwikd ;f - ykord òf rd ) Democracy New Building Social Milieu Party (Bassein-Irrawaddy Division) (102) tm;rmefopf'Drdku&ufwpfr[mrdwfygwD New Strength Democratic Allied Party (103) awmifyikd ;f csi;f 'Dru kd a&pDygwD (w-c-'-y) Southern Chin Democracy Party (SCDP) (104) vli,fausmif;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk Youth and Students Democracy Forces (105) rsKd;cspfjynfol@ygvDrefygwD Patriotic People's Parliamentary Party (106) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDw&m;r#wa&;tzGJ@csKyf National League for Democracy Justice (NLDJ) (107) ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mvGwv f yfaomtrsK;d orD;tpnf;t¶H;k (A-v-r-p) All Burma Liberated Women's Organization (108) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH z-q-y-v A[dkvli,ftzGJ@csKyf (Main) AFPFL Youth Hqs (109) t¶_dcsif;trsKd;om;zGH@òzd;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (t-r-z-c) Asho-Chin National Development League (ANDL) ¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk; (3) e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifjcif;rðyonfhtwGuf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1990 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (110) bufrvdkufjynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD (b-y-'-y) Non-Aligned People's Democracy Party (111) rdcifjrefrmjynftzGJ@ Mikhin Bama Pyi Aphwe (112) trsKd;om;pD;yGm;ukefoG,fa&;tzGJ@csKyf (p-y-u-o)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

National Economic League for Trade (113) trsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;qdk&S,fvpftzGJ@csKyf National Progressive Socialist League (NPSL) ¡ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f tenf;qH;k (3) e,fwiG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydijf cif;rðyonft h wGuf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS 1990 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g trdef@trSwf (2§90) jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (114) &ifhusufaom'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Matured Democratic Party (MDP) (115) jynfol@ygwD People's Party (116) jynfaxmifpyk gwD (y-x-y) Union Party (UP) (117) zuf'&,f'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (z-'-y) Federal Democratic Party (FDP) (118) a&S;¶dk;pOfvmjynfjrefrmtzGJ@ Conservative Party Burma (119) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;trsKd;orD;tiftm;pk National Politics Women Force (NPWF) (120) trsK;d om;pD;yGm;zG@H òzd;wd;k wufa&;tiftm;pk National Economic Development Force (NEDF) (121) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;v,form;tiftm;pk National Politics Peasant Force (NPPF) (122) trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;tvkyform;tiftm;pk National Politics Labour Force (NPLF) (123) trsK;d om;a&;'Dru kd a&pDwnfaqmufry_ gwXD mecsKyf (r-'-w-y) National Democracy Establishment Party (Central) (NDEP) (124) rsKd;cspfwdkif;&if;aq;ynm&Sifrsm;tzGJ@csKyf Patriotic Indigenous Physicians League (125) 0HomEkpw d "f mwfjyefvnfxeG ;f um;a&;ygwD (0-y-y) Esprit de Corps Restoration Party (126) jynfo@l owif;axmufrsm;toif; (jrefrmEdik if )H Peoples' Reporters Association (Burma) (PRA) (127) trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-n-w) National Solidarity Front (128) trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;'Dru kd &ufwpfvil ,frsm;tzG@J (t-e-'-v)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Organization of Democratic Youth for National Politics (129) 0HomEkvli,fygwD Patriotic Youth Party (130) jynfaxmifpo k m;rsm;ygwD The Party of the Nationalities (131) rsKd;cspfvuf¶Hk;ygwD Patriotic Force Party (132) csif;trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD Chin National Unity Party (133) 'Dru kd a&pD&iS o f ef}uD;xGm;a&;or*~ ('-&-o) Union for Revival and Development of Democracy (URDD) (134) trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhvli,fopfygwD National Unity and New Youth Party (NUNP) (135) aoG;pnf;cdik rf ma&;wyfaygi;f pk Unification and Reinforcement Front (136) jynfo@l ta&;awmfyykH gwD People's Revolution Party (PRP) (137) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmifolv,form;A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) Peasant Organization (Headquarters) (138) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtvkyform;A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) Labour Organization (Headquarters) (also called Union of Burma Workers Central Headquarters) (139) csif;trsKd;om;vli,ftzGJ@ Chin National Young Men's Organization (140) e*g;eDygwD (jrefrmjynf) Congress (D) Party (Burma) (also called Nagani Party (Burma)) (141) jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (y-'-n-z) Union Democracy Unity Organization (142) tvkyform;tpnf;t¶Hk;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (ArmEdkifiH) wD-,l-pD-bD Trade Union Congress (Burma) (143) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mawmifolv,form;tpnf;t¶Hk; XmecsKyf (A-w-v-p) All Burma Peasant Organization ÙÙÙÙÙ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

a&G;aumufyGJcHk¶Hk;rsm;wGif uef@uGufv$m wifoGif;jcif;ESifh ppfaq;jcif;? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27)&ufae@wiG f usi;f y+y;D pD;cJo h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumuf yGw J iG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cHxm;&ol ud, k pf m;vS,f (11) OD;wd@k tm; oufqikd &f mud, k pf m;vS,af vmif; (5) OD;ESihf rJqEN&iS f (6) OD;u oufqikd &f mod@k uef@uu G v f m$ wifoGif;cJhojzifh a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$m tr_aygif; (11) r_&SdcJhonf? a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ tr_ (11) r_ukd ppfaq;Edik &f ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'fr 65/ yk'frcGJ (u) t& jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tzGJ@u a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (5) zGJ@udk atmufygtwdkif; zGJ@pnf;ay;cJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (1) OuUÏ æ OD;wiftkef;/ !$ef=um;a&;rª; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk; tzGJ@0if æ OD;cifarmif/ !$ef=um;a&;rª; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; OD;jrifhxGef;/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (2) OuUÏ æ OD;oef;wif/ w&m;a&;t=uHay; (t+idr;f pm;)/ A[dw k &m;¶H;k tzGJ@0if æ OD;xGef;&Sdef/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; OD;pdk;armif/ !$ef=um;a&;rª; (t+idrf;pm;)/ 0efxrf;a&;&mOD;pD;Xme a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (3) OuUÏ æ OD;boef;/ w&m;ol}uD; (t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf tzGJ@0if æ OD;pdex f eG ;f / wdik ;f wm0efcH (t+idr;f pm;)/ Oya'0efxrf; OD;tkef;oef;/ !Gef=um;a&;rª; (t+idrf;pm;)/ 0efxrf;a&G;cs,favhusifha&;tzGJ@ a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@ (4) OuUÏ æ OD;vSaomif;/ Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (1) (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk; tzGJ@0if æ OD;cifarmifOD;/ Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (1) (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk; OD;cspfaqmif/ !Gef=um;a&;rª; (t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf a&G;aumufycHktzGJ@ (5) OuUÏ æ OD;oef;armif/ 'kw, d twGi;f 0ef (t+idr;f pm;)/ umuG,af &;0ef}uD;Xme tzGJ@0if æ OD;atmif=unf/ w&m;a&;t=uHay; (t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; OD;azodef;/ w&m;a&;0efxrf;tqifh (1) (t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;xm;onfh tr_ (11) r_rSm æ (1) OD;*saD bmifveS ;f ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf csDazGòrd e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ ucsifjynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol æ OD;acgaqmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (2) a'gufwmr_xef

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

woD;yk*~v xef;wvefòrd e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol æ OD;EGeftkyf/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (3) OD;0if;&Sed f woD;yk*~v ajrmifòrd e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? uef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f ol æ a'guw f mausmEf ikd x f eG ;f / rJqEN&iS f (4) OD;vSoed ;f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf [krRvif;òrd e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol æ OD;armifoGif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (5) OD;yDwmvif;yif woD;yk*~v jyifOD;vGifòrd e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif;? uef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f ol æ Adv k rf ;ª }u;D armifarmif (+ird ;f )/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwD (6) Edkifcifarmif rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ usKdufra&mòrd e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ rGefjynfe,f? uef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f ol æ OD;wifaiG/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (7) OD;cGex f eG ;f vl (c) OD;xGe;f vl wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD [dkyefòrd e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f uef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f ol ²²² OD;apmzD;vpf (c) OD;zD;vpfqrf/ 0 trsK;d om;zG@H òz;d wd;k wufa&;ygwD (8) OD;a&$, ureftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ppfawGòrd e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1)/ &cdik jf ynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol æ OD;armifomZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (9) OD;0if;óudif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf bdkuav;òrd e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ {&m0wDwdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol æ OD;jr[ef/ bdkuav;òrd e,f/ iydacsmif;aus;&Gm/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD rJ¶Hkudk,fpm;vS,f (10) a'gufwmpdefjrifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf bdkuav;òrd e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol æ OD;wifqef;/ rJqEN&Sif (11) a'gufwmpef;atmif woD;yk*v ~ t*Fyòl rd e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/ {&m0wDwikd ;f ? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol æ OD;odef;xGef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD ÑÑÑÑÑ 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. udk,fa&;tusOf; (1) ucsifjynfe,f?

jrefrmEdkifiH.ajrmufbufqHk;tydkif;wGif wnf&Sdonf? ta&S bufESifh ta&S ajrmufbufwGif w¶kwjf ynfo@l orRwEdik if /H taemufbufwiG f tdE, dN Edik if EH iS hf ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / awmifbufwiG f &Sr;f jynfe,f wd@k EiS hf e,ferd w d cf si;f xdpyfv#u&f o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (23) 'D*&D (27) rdepfEiS hf (28) 'D*&D (25) rdepf twGif;/ ta&S avmif*sDwG'f (96) 'D*&D (0) rdepfESifh (98) 'D*&D (44) rdepftwGif; wnf&Sdonf? {&d,m pwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (34 379) us,0f ef;onf? jynfe,fòrd awmfrmS jrpf}uD;em;òrd jzpfonf? ucsifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f (19) e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (12) cktm; udk,fpm;ðy ,SOòf ydio f l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (91) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (2) OD;/ pkpkaygif; (93) OD;0if a&muf,SOfòydifcJh=u&m trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS (14) ae&m/ ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&ufrS (3) ae&mESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS (2) ae&m toD;oD; a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1? umrdkif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;wifjrif/h trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;wifjrifhonf umrkdif;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (2550) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (48 ² 96) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cH cJ&h onf? usKd uv f wf/ wkid u f al us;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1924 ckEpS /f rwfv (23) &ufae@wiG f tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':ode;f &ifw@dk rS zGm;jrifonf? OD;wifjrifo h nf ykZeG af wmif t&Sit f m'dp0P o H trsK;d om;txufwef; ausmif;wGif '\rwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd bDtikd af t/ bD'aD t/ yDbDtufzf wyfrawmftqifhqifhwGif yg0ifcJhonf? awmfvSefa&;t+yD; yJcl;c±dkif jynfol@&JabmfwyfzJG@ ,m,D pnf;±Hk;a&;aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&GufpOf qmay:xGef;tpdk;&u yk'fr (5) ESifh zrf;qD;cJ&h m Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;tpk;d &umva&mufrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufco hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckESpf txd ukefonf/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd yJcl;c±kdifppfjyeftzJG@wGif wGJzuftwGif;a&;r ;/ 1970 - 71 ckESpf wGif umrkdif;òrd e,for0g,r OuUÏ/ 1978 - 89 ckESpfrsm;wGif umrdkif; ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (yxrqifh) &onf?

&onf? 1953 ckEk pS w f iG f arG;zGm;onf? ac:bl'òJ r d e,f wmbef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cdtmausm/f trd a':xk&efxef;csefwdk@.om;? OD;rzef;qifonf erfh&S,faus;&Gm tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif pwif ynmoif=um;I 'kuUeftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; (ylwmtkd) wGif ajcmufwef;txdaecJhonf? OD;r zef;qiftygt0if ucsifjynfe,frSv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;a,mpD (ylwmtdk)/ OD;ausmf armif (rd;k n i;f -1)/ OD;=umjr (rd;k n i;f -2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf (rcsr;f abm) wd k yg0ifonhf tzG@J 0if (11) OD;wd@k onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfA[drk S OD;wifO;D ESiahf ':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; xkwyf ,fjcif;udk rauseyf ojzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpmG ¶_ H cs+yD;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ucsijf ynfe,f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUÏ OD;wifatmifO;D aqmifI 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfyod@k xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk) e,fajrodk a&muf&SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24) &ufae Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&; tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk) (Kachin Independence Organization KIO) ESifh e0wwdk typftcwf &yfpaJ &;ðyvky+f y;D onfah emuf if;wd k (5) OD;onf ajrmufyikd ;f ucsiv f w G af jrmufa&;tpnf;t¶H;k (autdik t f )kd e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufae wGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf?

2? csDazGòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? OD;*saD bmrfveS ;f onf csaD zGòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf tm;udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (496) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (37 ² 04) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? csaD zGòrd e,fZmwdjzpfonf? 1953 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (25) &ufae@wiG f tz OD; *scD se;f abmrf/ trd a':verfw@kd rS arG;zGm;onf? axma*gaus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;òrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (3) wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif (10) wef; pmar;yGJ udk (c) tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJwGif tudjk zpfol csaD zGòrd e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;*saD bmifr, f ed ;f .ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf aqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd/ tajccH (45) armfawmf,mOftoif;XmecGJ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? a&G;aumufyJG ,SOòf yid b f ufjzpfol OD;acgaqmif (wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygw)D rS uef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f cJo h jzifh a&G;aumufyJG cHt k rSwf (2) wGif =um;emppfaq;r_ccH &hJ onf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uftm; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD uGe*f &uf ysujf y,fomG ;ojzifh OD;*saD bmrfveS ;f onf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D tvdt k avsmuf woD;yk*v ~ toGif odk@ ul;ajymif;oGm;onf?

4? aqmhavmfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgifonf aqmhavmfòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwDtm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (158) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (41 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1947 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (4) &ufae@wiG f tz OD;acgiq f ef;/ trd a':acgifa,mfwdk@rSzGm;jrifonf? aqmhavmfòrd e,f/ awmhvefaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? awmhvefaus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}u;D em;òr d / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1970-73 ckEpS w f iG f jrpf}uD;em;aumvdyrf S yxrESpf (0dZm wef;) atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1971 - 73 ckEpS w f iG f pma&;0efxrf; bde;f jzwfaq;¶H/k taxGaxGO;D pD;Xme (jrpf}u;D em;)/ 1975 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd aqmhavmf òr d e,f ygw, D el pfaumfrwD0if/ twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1974 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1978 ckEpS /f yxrESihf 'kw, d t}urd f a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufyrJG sm;wGif aumfr&Sit f zG@J cJG tzG@J 0ifEiS hf twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? umuG,af &;OD;pD; csKyf. *k%fxl;aqmifvufrSwfESifh &JwyfzGJ@rª;. emrnfaumif; vufrSwf&cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twm jzifch ikd v f rkH t J enf;qH;k jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufcHcJh&onfh trsKd;om;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf?

3? ac:bl'Jòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;rzef;qif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rzef;qifonf ac:bl'òJ rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (1 317) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (41 ² 41) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHchJ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

5? qGrfy&mbGrfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;aZmfted /f ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf? (uG,v f eG )f OD;aZmfted o f nf qGryf &mbGròf r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD uGe*f &uf tm;udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m/ cdkifvHkrJ (589) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (73 ² 08) &mcdkifE_ef;jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1938 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (13) &ufae@wiG f tz OD;qifcg;aemif/ trd a':pyf&, G *f sm; wd@k rzS mG ;jrifonf? qGryf &mbGròf r d e,f/ usem;,efaus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? u}u;D [l tpd;k &

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

rlvwef;ausmif;/ Aef;armf pdefvHkubm;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ qGrfy&mbGrftpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;wdk@wGif (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd ac:bl'J yyu (2) wGif òrd e,fwm0efcH/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1970 ckESpftxd rcsrf;abmòrd e,f ukefoG,fa&;wGif refae*sm/ xdrk S 1971 ckEpS rf pS I 0dik ;f armfEiS jhf rpf}uD;em;ukeo f , G af &;wd@k wiG f wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;/ 1976 ckEpS w f iG f t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf txd jrpf}uD;em;òrd e,for0g,rwGif twGif;a&;rª;ESifh 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1985 ckEpS rf sm;wGif jrpf}u;D em;òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifpD tzG@J 0if (tif*sr;f ,ef) tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@wiG f qENtavsmuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS E_wx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uftm; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf ysujf y,fomG ;ojzifh OD; aZmfted o f nf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D tvdt k avsmuf woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd ul;ajymif;oGm;onf? 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?

ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ac:bll'J/ aemifrGef;/ Aef;armf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd tvkyform;tpnf;t¶Hk;A[dk OD;pD;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vHk; nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifjzpfonf?

6? wEdkif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmifonf wEdkif;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (2 771) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (64 ² 16) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHcJh&onf? [l;aumif;tif0rfcef;Zmwd jzpfonf? 1927 ckESpf/ rwfv (15) &ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfatmif.om;? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmifonf jrpf}u;D em;òr d wGif (4) wef;xd ynm oif=um;cJI h 1946-48 ckEpS w f iG f erf;rm;rd;k aumif; jynfo&l aJ bmfwyfz@GJ wiG f Akv d af tmifc/kd Adv k x f eG ;f &ifw@kd EiS hf twlyg0ifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd ucsifvli,ftoif; aygifa,miftzJG@/ wEkdif;òrd@e,f OuUÏ/ 1952-62 (y-,-u-y) tzG@J A[dak umfrwD0if 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd wEdik ;f òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifpD OuUÏ/ 1978-80 jynfe,faumifp0D if tcsed yf ikd ;f / 1981-85 wEkid ;f òr d e,f ygw, D el pfaumfrwD0if/ wEdkif;òrd e,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf òrd e,fOuUÏwm0ef ,lcJhonf? 7? aemifreG ;f òr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;trfqifqm;&fonf aemifrGef;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m/ cdik v f rkH J (2 231) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (77 ² 55) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? 1925 ckESpf/ ZGefv (3) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? tz OD;rkefa[mifxdemh. om;jzpfonf? aemifreG ;f Zmwd jzpfonf? aemifreG ;f atbDtrftpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}u;D em;òr d refced f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wd@k wiG f (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1956-57 ckEpS w f iG f jynfe,fynm0ef¶;kH wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ 1957-58 ckEpS w f iG f ylwmtdòk r d c&pf,mef (tvu) vufaxmuf ausmif;tkyf/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd ygwD,lepfa&;&mrª; (ylwmtdk)/ pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª; (aemifrGef;)/ A[dak umfrwD0if/ a'oygwaD umfrwD0if/ a'oygwaD umfrwDtwGi;f a&;rª; ,m,DwzJG ufwm0ef/ 1974

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

8? ylwmtdòk r e,frq J ENe,f?

OD;a,mpD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a,mpDonf ylwmtdkòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (8 695) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (49 ² 1) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHchJ &onf? 1948 ckEpS /f {+yv D (13) &ufae@wiG f tz OD;,mul/ trd a':zdik t f idk b f w D @kd rS arG;zGm;onf? ac:bl'J òrd@e,f bD0gxefZmwd jzpfonf? OD;a,mpDonf ylwmtkdòrd e,f rk'Hkaus;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ ylwmtkd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ&h m 1971 wGio f wWrwef;atmifonf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS f txd rmrlvahJ us;&Gmor0g,rqkid w f m0efct H jzpf aqmif&u G o f nf? v,f,mtpnf; t±H;k OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf zhJ ;l onf? OD;a,mpDtygt0if ucsijf ynfe,frv S w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; jzpfonfh OD;rzef;qif (ac:bl')J / OD;ausmaf rmif (rd;k n i;f -1)/ OD;=umjr (rd;k n i;f -2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf (rcsr;f abm) wdk yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if (11) OD;wdk@onf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifh a':atmifqef;pk =unfw@kd tm; xkwyf ,fjcif;udk rauseyfojzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpmG ¶_ H cs+y;D / trsK;d om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDOuUÏ OD;wifatmifOD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfyod@k xu G f cGmvmcJ&h m/ ucsiv f w G af jrmufa&;tpnf;t¶H;k (autdik t f )kd e,fajrod k a&muf&cdS +hJ y;D xdrk w S qifh rme,fyavmod k oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? 1994 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (24) &ufae Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk) ESifh e0wwdk typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD; onfhaemuf if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk) e,fajrrS wqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufae wGif e0wxHjyefoGm;cJhonf? 9? Aef;armfòr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ykaxG;onf Aef;armfòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (19 433) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (70 ² 54) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1922 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@ zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;pk.om;/ OD;ykaxG;onf 1942 txd 1300 jynft h a&;awmfy/kH ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_/ tm&Svil ,ftpnf;t±H;k aus;vufpnf;±H;k a&;rª;/ aus;&Gmpm=unfhwkdufrª;ESifh twGif;a&;rª;/ tm&Svli,fvufa&;pmapmif t,f'Dwm/ rlvwef;ausmif; q&mtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS rf pS I Avpaus;vufpnf;±H;k a&;rª;/ ausmif;q&mrsm; tpnf; t±H;k twGi;f a&;rª;/ rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1948 ckEpS w f iG f c±dik af usmif;q&mrsm;tpnf;t±H;k twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1955 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m/ txufwef;jyq&m/ ajrjyef@e,f ynmtkyf/ 1962 - 75 rdbq&mtoif;/ tajccHjynfol@aumifpD twGif;a&;rª;/ ausmif;aumifpD 'kwd,OuUÏ/ trSwf (4) ynma&; aiGpak iGacs;or0g,r OuUÏ/ òrd e,fjrefrmpmtzJ@G OuUÏ/ vli,fa&;&m nausmif;

100

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

tr_aqmif/ 1962 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd txufwef;jyq&m/ 1945 ckEpS rf pS I Aef;armfnKd EG@J uavmif trnfjzifh pmaye,fokd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif vufa&G;pOfuAsmrsm;pmtkyf xkwfa0onf? 1963 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;pmayqkukd t±k%Of ;D uAsmpmrljzifh yxrqk&onf? 1987 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@u Edik if aH wmfaumifp. D jynfo@l 0efxrf;wHqyd /f +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_EiS hf w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d a&;wHqyd rf sm; &&SdcJhonf?

a&pDueG *f &uftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (6 898) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (35 ² 84) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1920 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (1) &ufae@wGif tz OD; OD;AspfaemftGef/ trd a':a'gi*f &mcgw@kd rS arG;zGm;onf? qGryf &mbGròf rd e,f/ vmr*g;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD; OD;Aspw f ;l onf 1939 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmftrSwf (2) Armhaoewfuikd w f yf&if;/ aròrd wGif omrefwyfom;tjzpfrS pwif0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D / wyfrawmfynma&;udq k ufvufqnf;yl;cJ&h m tdE, dN wyfrawmfynma&; yxrqifh jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS /f 'kw, d urBmppf}u;D twGi;f tmoHjynf/ tdE, dN Edik if o H @kd t*Fvyd pf pfwyfEiS hf twlyg0ifqkwfcGmcJhonf? 1944 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,t}udrf 0if;*dwfppfa=umif;jzifh jrefrmjynftwGif;odk@ *syefacsr_ef;a&;wGif 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfjyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd? 1946 ckESpfwGif trSwf (2) Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;ESifhtwl tdENd,rS jrefrmjynfodk@jyefa&mufonf? 1948 ckEpS /f ZGev f (15) &ufae@wiG f Adv k t f qif?h 1948 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (27) &ufae@wiG f Adv k }f u;D tqif?h 1955 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (21) &ufae@wiG f Adv k rf ;ª tqift h jzpf tqifq h ifh &mxl;wd;k jrifch o hJ nf? ,if; umvrsm;twGi;f wyfprk ;ª / wyfcrJG ;ª / wyfa&; Adv k }f u;D / 'kw, d wyf&if;rª;/ wyf&if;rª;wm0efrsm;jzifh oeu (2) ucsi/f oeu (5)/ wyf=uyfoifwef;ausmif;/ cv& (1)/ oeu (1) wd@k wiG f tqifq h ifh wm0efxrf; aqmifcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif rtlyifc¶dkif/ c¶dkifvHkðcHa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD OuUÏESifh oeu (6) wyf&if;rª;? xdrk S 1965 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (20) &ufae@wiG f wm0efrS t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS w f iG f t*FvefEikd if H [du k u f ifw h iG f ynmoif=um;&ef apv$wjf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1965 ckEpS rf pS I ukeo f , G af &;OD;pD; refae*sm/ jynfe,fuek o f , G af &; refae*smtqifw h @kd jzifh ucsijf ynfe,fwiG v f nf;aumif;/ ucsijf ynfe,f a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufyaJG umfr&SiOf uUÏ/ jynfe,fvyk if ef;ppf OuUÏ/ jrpf}uD;em;òrd e,f ppfrx _ rf;a[mif;tzG@J OuUÏ/ 1980 jynfEh pS /f (au-tdik -f at) ESihf +idr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yGw J iG f =um;vl}uD;wOD;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? wyfrawmfwiG x f ;l c|ecf I hJ (pDtif*s)D qkvufrw S Ef iS hf ol&aJ umif;rSww f rf;0if (2) }urd f cs;D jri jhf cif; cHc&hJ onf? 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (13) &ufae@wiG f use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpfrS E_wx f u G cf o hJ nfjh yif/ ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf A[dOk uUÏtjzpfrv S nf; aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uftm; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y a&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf ysujf y,fomG ;ojzifh OD; OD;Aspfwl;onf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;+yD; tvdktavsmuf woD;yk*~vtoGifodk@ ul;ajymif;oGm;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ arv (19) &ufae@wGif &efukefòrd / A[dkpnfaq;¶HkwGif c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfoGm;onf?

10? jrpf}uD;em;òr e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;jrarmifonf jrpf}uD;em;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (10 151) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (46 ² 39) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;aqmh/ trd a':uGe;f wk@d rS 1920 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (16) &uf ae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? 1938 ckEpS w f iG f ysO;f rem;òrd atbDtrf[u kd pf ul;Y q,fwef;ynmoif=um;aepOf 1300 jynfhESpf ausmif;om;oydwfwGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf bDtkdifatwyfrsm; ysOf;rem;òrd odk@0ifvmcsdef ausmif;aezuf Adv k w f m&m/ Adv k af wmufxed f (&Jabmfo;kH usyd )f wk@d .pnf;±H;k r_a=umifh bDtidk af tok@d 0ifchJ onf? 1939 ckEpS w f iG af usmif;rSxu G +f y;D 1941 ckEpS w f iG f 'k@d Armtpnf;t±H;k ok@d 0ifco hJ nf? xkrd S bD'aD tok@d ul;ajymif;csed f ocifwifxeG ;f (Adv k w f m&m. tud)k uac:,lI vli,fpnf;±H;k r_aqmif&u G &f eftwGuf xGuf cJhonf? vli,fpnf;±Hk;r_ESifh EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;aqmif&Guf&if; 1945 ckESpf zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif wkid ;f (6) Y ocifwifxeG ;f .OD;aqmifr_ atmufwiG f ysO;f rem;òrd Y attufzt f zdk @GJ pnf;&mwGif yg0ifc+hJ yD; tvkyo f rm;or*~ (rD;&xm;ESiphf mwku d )f pnf;±H;k a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS w f iG f Armjynf uGejf rLepfygwaD wmck&d mod@k ygc+hJ y;D 1949 ckEpS w f iG f Akv d w f m&mESit hf wl tvif;jyef0ifco hJ nf? u&ifoyl ek rf sm; ysO;f rem;òrd ok@d 0iford ;f pOf Adv k af wmufxed /f Akv d w f m&m/ OD;apmvif; (opfawm) wd@k EiS t hf wl tpkd;& wyfaygi;f pkz@GJ um autife'f t D Edk iS hf Auywk@d tm;wdu k cf u kd cf &hJ m aemufq;kH ysO;f rem;òrd us+yD; &JabmfjzLESihf Auywk@d .zrf;qD;jcif;udck cH &hJ onf? xkrd S vlxw k &m;cGiw f iG f towfc&H rnft h csed Yf OD;apmvif; (opfawm) ESihf ucsif (1) wk@d ysO;f rem;òrd od@k 0ifa&muford ;f ydu k pf Of vGwaf jrmufco hJ nf? 1949 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmvwGif ppf±;kH csKyfo@dk Adv k w f m&mESit hf wla&muf&+dS y;D &efuek w f iG f yk'rf (5) jzifh zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1951 ckEpS w f iG f vGwaf jrmuf+yD; Edik if aH &;pdwu f ek u f m vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&;Xmeod@k 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1953 ckEpS rf pS I vuf axmuf tifpyufawmf/ tifpyufawmf/ òr d e,fr; wm0efw@dk xrf;aqmifcI hJ 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f wm0efrS t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ZGev f (16) &ufae@wiG u f , G v f eG af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1990 jynfEh pS /f Zlvikd v f (3) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (897) jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yt+yD; yxrqHk;uG,fvGefonfh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf? 11? jrpf}uD;em;òr e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD; OD;Aspfwl;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? (uG,fvGef) OD; OD;Aspw f ;l onf jrpf}uD;em;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd

c&pfawmfY tdyfaysmfjcif; Adkvfrª; OD;Aspfwl; (+idrf;) touf (80) (=unf; - 3678) (jrpf}uD;em;) jrpf}uD;em;òrd / pDwmylaus;&Gm/ aemif&m&yf/ trSwf (20) ae (OD; OD;Aspfaemfatmfef - a':a'gif u&mcg;) wdk@. pwkw ajrmufom;/ a':rvdZGyf*smvHk. cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ a':*smbl (M.C.C.) - OD;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

102

101

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

aemfqikd ;f / a': vkatmif/ OD;abmifrrf ikd f - a':a*scg;awmif/ OD;qif0g;aemf - a':cg;awmrf/ OD;v&deaf tmif/ a':qdik ;f vH/k armifw;l *sm/ armifwefcrf/ armifeefxeG ;f wd@k . cspv f pS mG aom zcif/ ajr; (13) a,mufw@kd . cspfvSpGmaomtbdk;onf 19-5-98 (t*F g)ae@ eHeuf (8 ; 15) em&DwGif &efukefòrd / A[dkpnfaq;¶HkwGif c&pfawmfY tdyaf ysmo f mG ;ygojzifh 23-5-98 (pae)ae@ rGe;f vGJ (1) em&DwiG f jrpf}u;D em;òr d / aemif&m&yfuu G f aetdrfY qkawmif;0wfðy+yD; aemifeef; c&pf,mefokomefodk@ ydk@aqmif*loGif;oò*õ[fygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk

wGif jynfyod@k xu G cf mG vmcJ&h m/ ucsiv f w G af jrmufa&;tpnf;t¶H;k (autdik t f )kd e,fajrod k a&muf&cdS +hJ yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24) &ufae Y ucsifvGwf ajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk) ESifh e0wwdk typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD;onfhaemuf if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufyikd ;f ucsiv f w G af jrmufa&;tpnf;t¶H;k (autdik t f )kd e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckEpS /f ZGev f (5) &ufae wGif e0wxHjyefoGm;cJhonf?

12? rdk;aumif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f =unfonf rd;k aumif;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14 779) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (50 ² 26) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;xGef;tkyf/ trd a':a&$wkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (25) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? rdk;aumif;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;=unfonf rdk;aumif;òrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif (7) wef; txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ud, k yf ikd u f m;jzifh opfvyk if ef;vkyo f nf? 1962 ckEpS w f iG f a':EkEEk iS t hf rd af xmif us+y;D om;orD;ajcmufa,mufxeG ;f um;onf? 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfyw kH iG f wufºupG mG yg0ifchJ onf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf òrd e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r ;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif tm%mydkif rsm;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +yD; 2001 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfvw G af jrmufchJ onf? 13? rdk;n if;òr e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;ausmfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmaf rmifonf rk;d n i;f òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (21 641) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(83 ² 69) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rdn k i ;f òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bv_id /f trd a':vSr,fw@kd rS 1944 ckEpS /f azazmf0g &Dv (7) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? &Sr;f trsK;d om;/ Ak'b < mom0ifwOD;jzpfonf? OD;ausmaf rmifonf 1962 ckESpfwGif rdk;n if;òrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf pmar;yGJatmifjrifonf? 1963 ckEpS w f iG f jrpf}u;D em;òr d Y rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf bDv;l tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifchJ onf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':wifat;ESiv hf ufxyfI om; (3) a,mufxeG ;f um;onf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd jynfe,fajy;ckefypfvufa&G;pOf/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1986 ckEpS t f xd jynfe,fausmif;om;ajy;ckeyf pfenf;jy? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f wGiw f m0efrS t+idr;f pm; ,lcJhonf? OD;ausmfarmiftygt0if ucsifjynfe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;a,mpD (ylwmtd)k / OD;rzef;qif(ac:bl')J / OD;=umjr(rd;k n i;f -2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf (rcsr;f abm) wd k yg0ifonhf tzG@J 0if (11) OD;wd@k onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfA[drk S OD;wifO;D ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; xkwyf ,f jcif;udk rauseyfojzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpmG ¶_ H cs+yD;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUÏ OD;wifatmifO;D aqmifI 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@

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103

14? rd;k n i;f òr e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;=umjr/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=umjronf rd;k n i;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 374) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 05) jzifh a&G;aumuf wifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;xifay:/ trd a':at;!Ge@f w@dk .om;jzpfonf? [kyd ifZmwdjzpfonf? 1939 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? OD;=umjronf [dkyiftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;Y owWrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? erRw;D o=um;puf =uH0,f,al &;XmewGif (8) ESpf vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? xkrd S Ekwx f u G I f [dyk ifwiG f tajccsae xkid +f y;D awmifov l yk if ef;jzift h oufarG;onf? rk;d n i;f òr@d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J 0if tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;=umjrtygt0if ucsifjynfe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;a,mpD (ylwmtd)k / OD;ausmaf rmif (rd;k n i;f -1)/ OD;rzef;qif (ac:bl')J / OD;tifeef;*rf (rcsr;f abm) wd k yg0if onhf tzGJ@0if (11) OD;wdk@onf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf wd@k tm; xkwyf ,fjcif;udrk auseyfojzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpmG ¶_ H cs+yD;/ trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUÏ OD;wifatmifO;D aqmifI 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbm v (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfyod@k xu G cf mG vmcJ&h m/ ucsiv f w G af jrmufa&;tpnf;t¶H;k (autdik t f )kd e,fajrod k a&muf&cdS +hJ yD; xdrk w S qifh rme,fyavmod k oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? 1994 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (24) &ufae Y ucsiv f w G af jrmufa&; tpnf;t¶H;k (autdik t f )kd ESihf e0wwd k typftcwf&yfpaJ &; vky+f yD;onfah emuf if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufydkif;ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk) e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufae wGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf? 15? rdk;armufòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;aomif;aiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;aiGonf rd;k armufòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (2 954) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (45 ² 44) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;cifarmif.om;/ rd;k armufòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckEpS /f ZGev f (9) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;aomif;aiGonf 1971 ckEpS w f iG f tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGaJ tmifI &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w `H uUov dk f od@k wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm (Oya') bJ@G uv kd nf;aumif;/ 1977 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'bJ@G uv kd nf;aumif; &&Scd o hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0efxrf; tqifh (4)/ 1985 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0ef xrf;tqifh (3)/ 1988 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif Oya'0efxrf;tjzpfrS E_wx f u G cf o hJ nf? xd@k aemuf Oya' tusK;d aqmiftjzpf toufarG;cJo h nf? òrd@e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

104

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfo l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrES w k x f u G af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (4) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (1010) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unm cJhonf?

ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk) ESifh e0wwdk typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD;onfhaemuf if;wdk (5) OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk) e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufae wGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf?

16? rHpDòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;a*strfaemfvmonf rHpòD r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (2 434) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 48) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHchJ &onf? rHpòD r d e,f yef[w k af us;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;*sraf rmfvqef/ trd a':azmfa&$&, G w f @dk rS 1929 ckEpS /f 'DZif bmv (21) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? OD;a*strfaemfvmonf pdev f t kH pd;k &ausmif;/ Aef;armfòr d e,f a&mbwftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ q&m}u;D OD;rmrGef tvGwyf nmoifausmif;wd@k wiG f q,fwef; txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ucsiaf usmif;om;or*~ukd pwifz@GJ pnf;+y;D aemuf yxrOD;qH;k OuUÏ wm0efukd xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1951 ckESpf/ yxrygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJY au'AvsLpDtzJG@. pnf±Hk;a&;rª;/ 1952 ckEpS w f iG f iSuzf sm; tifpyufawmfoifwef;qif;onf? 1953 ckEpS w f iG f iSuzf sm;tifpyufawmf (jrpf}u;D em;)/ 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f iSuzf sm;rª;/ 1963 ckEpS w f iG f Aef;armfòr d / ppfAsL[m (2) wGif ucsit f rsK;d om;pnf;±H;k a&;rª;/ 1967 ckEpS w f iG f ygwaD u'goifwef; trSwpf Of (15) qif;onf? 1986 ckEpS w f iG f wm0efrt S +ird ;f pm;,lonf? e0wumvwGif tm%mzDqefrj_ zifh axmif'%f (1) v/ '%faiG (200 usy)f tjypfay;cH&onf? Aef;armfòr d e,f/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f 'kw, d OuUÏESihf (4) òrd e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0efw@dk ukd ,lco hJ nf?

18? a&$ulòr e,frJqENe,f? a':pdew f if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f a':pdefwifonf a&$ulòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (11 038) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (71 ² 29) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bkd;atmif.orD; jzpfonf? a&$ulòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1923 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? a':pdew f ifonf a&$uòl rd tmpDtrfausmif;rS (9) wef;/ armfvòrdiòf rd armfwifved ;f ausmif;rS '\rwef;/ toD;oD;atmifjrifc+hJ yD; [du k &f m;*&dwf txufwef;q&mpmar;yGu J kd 1941 ckEpS f wGif atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyw kH iG f ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_Yvnf;aumif;/ *syefacwfwiG f a&$ulòrd tm&Svli,ftpnf;t±Hk;wGifvnf;aumif;/ a&$ulòrd AvrptwGif;a&;r ;tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1949 ckEpS rf S 1952 ckEpS t f xd rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1952 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd tv,f wef;jyq&m/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf toD;oD;aqmif&GufcJh+yD; 1984 ckEpS w f iG f wm0efrS t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1993 ckEpS w f iG f usi;f ycJo h nfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf x H m;&onfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; tpktzG@J rS wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1997 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf?

17? rcsrf;abmòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;tifeef;*rf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tifeef;*rfonf rcsrf;abmòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (1 532) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (37 ² 53) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ylwmtkòd r d e,f &Sref*gaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tiferf;wrf/ trd a':cifvw S @dk rS 4-3-1942 ckEpS /f rwfv (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? OD;tiferf;*rfonf jrpf}ueD m;òr d / trSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f e0rwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? rcsr;f abmòr d e,f tifblawmhaus;&Gm tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;q&mtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhzl;onf? 197477 ckEpS w f iG f òr@d e,for0g,r twGi;f a&;r; tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? xd@k aemuf awmifov l yk if ef; jzifh toufarG;cJhonf? OD;tifeef;*rftygt0if ucsifjynfe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;a,mpD (ylwmtd)k / OD;ausmaf rmif ( rd;k n i;f -1)/ OD;=umjr (rd;k n i;f -2)/ OD;rzef;qif (ac:bl')J wd k yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if (11) OD;wdk@onf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm; xkwyf ,fjcif;udrk auseyfojzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; jyif;xefpmG ¶_@H cs+yD;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUÏ OD;wifatmifOD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfyod@k xu G cf mG vmcJ&h m/ ucsiv f w G af jrmufa&;tpnf;t¶H;k (autdik t f )kd e,fajrod k a&muf&cdS +hJ yD; xdrk w S qifh rme,fyavmod k oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? 1994 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (24) &ufae Y

19? 0dkif;armfòr e,frJqENe,f? 'l0g trf aZmfatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'l0g trf aZmfatmif (c) Duwa M Naw Khan onf 0dik ;f armfòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (8 229) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (37 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1932 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f tz 'l0g trf *Grf *sm (Du Wa Maran Gumja) trd a':t,fxka&mf (L Htu Raw) wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? &Srf;jynfe,f ajrmufydkif;/ erRwlòrd (abmfwGif;) Zmwdjzpfonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1951ckESpftxd jrpf}uD;em;òrd K.B.S wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1951 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd jrpf}uD;em;òrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf; aumif;/ 1953 ckESpfESifh 1954 ckESpfrsm;wGif Aef;armfòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd Aef;armfòrd ROBERTS High School wGifvnf;aumif; ynm oif=um;cJo h nf? 1957 ckEpS w f iG f Aef;armfòr d / pdev f pkH mppfXmerS wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1954 ckEpS rf S 1956 ckEpS t f xd ucsijf ynfe,fv;kH qkid &f m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd ucsifjynfe,f. ucsif,Ofaus;r_ jrifhwifa&;tzGJ@ (Kachin Uplift Culture) wGif Aef;armfc¶dik v f ;kH qdik &f mOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1960 jynfEh pS /f {+yv D wGif jrpf}u;D em; c¶dkifOuUÏ OD;eefZdef;v/ 'k-OuUÏ OD;r&efb&efqdkif;wdk@ESifh aemufqHk; ucsif,Ofaus;r_nDvmcHtpnf;

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105

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ta0;udu k si;f ycJo h nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1964 ckEpS t f xd vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;XmewGif wm0efxrf;&Gucf o hJ nf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd KIA v_yf&Sm;r_ESifh rE Wav;òrd eef;wGif;ppftusOf;axmifwGif (4) ESpf axmif'%fusccH &hJ onf? 1982 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd ucsijf ynfe,f/ ucsiEf pS cf si;f c&pf,meftzG@J csKyf. 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf c&pf,mefomoemvkyif ef;rsm; aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f ZGev f (23) &ufae@wiG f pwifusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcH y%mrtpnf;ta0;wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ucsijf ynf e,f udk,fpm;vS,ftaejzifh wufa&mufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (3) &ufae@wGif &efukefòrd@Y ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;ESihf &Jwyfz@JG 0ifrsm;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +yD; axmif'%f (7) ESpf csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2001 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (13) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdeaf xmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 2003 ckEpS /f ZGev f (1) &ufae@wiG f w¶kw-f jrefrme,fpyfo@kd wrd ;f a&SmifvmcJ+h yD; xdrk w S qifh xdik ;f jrefrme,fpyf vGwaf jrmufe,f ajrwae&mod@k 2003 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae@wiG f a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k iG f aexdkifonf?

pkpkaygif; (33) OD; 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh=u&m trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS (4) OD;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk; nD!w G af &;ygwED iS hf u,m;jynfe,f vlrsK;d aygi;f pH'k rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd rS (2) OD;pD toD;oD; a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?

(2) u,m;jynfe,f?

jrefrmEdkifiH.ta&S bufydkif;wGif wnf&Sdonf? ta&S bufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ ajrmufbufwGif &Srf;jynfe,f/ taemufbufESifhawmifbufwGif u&ifjynfe,fwdk@ESifh e,fedrdwfcsif;xdpyfv#uf&Sdonf? ajrmufvwWDwG'f (18) 'D*&D (30) rdepfESifh (19)'D*&D(55)rdepftwGif;/ ta&S avmif*sDwG'f (94) 'D*&D (40) rdepfEiS hf (97) 'D*&D (93) rdepftwGi;f wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (4 530) us,0f ef;onf? jynfe,òrd awmfrSm vdGKifaumfòrd jzpfonf? u,m;jynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f (8) e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (10) cktm; udk,fpm;ðy ,SOòf yid o f l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (32) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (1) OD;/

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1? 'Darmqdk;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmifcsKd/ u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifcsKdonf 'Darmqdk;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid &f m cdik v f rkH J (2 290) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (48 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wGif tz OD;aqmif;/ trd a':eef;jrwfwdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? eef;r,fcHk&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifcsKdonf 1963 ckESpfwGif tif;pdef pmppfXmerS wef;jrifah usmif;xGuv f ufrw S &f pmar;yGu J kd atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS t f xd ukeo f , G af &;0efxrf;? xd@k aemuf tvkyrf x S u G I f v,f,mvkyif ef;ESiahf &mif;0,fa&;vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfhESpfwGif qefpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif tdrfaxmifusI om;av;a,muf xGef;um;onf? u,m;jynfe,fvlrsKd;aygif; pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if/ jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f twGi;f a&;rª;tzG@J 0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1993 ckEpS w f iG f usi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG af &G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,f tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1994 ckEpS /f {+yDv (11) &ufae@wiG f trsK;d om;nDvmcH usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (10§94) jzifh trsK;d om;nDvmcH a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf H xm;&onfh ud, k pf m;vS,t f pktzG@J nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS xkwyf ,fco hJ nf? 2? 'Darmqdk;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;Apfwmav;/ u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Apfwmav;onf 'Darmqdkòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (4 614) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65²50) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (19) &ufae@wGif tz OD;atjrav;/ trd a':avwD;&Sm;wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? OD;Apfwmav;onf rlvwef;rS (9) wef;txd vGdKifaumfòrd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1969 - 70 ynmoifESpfwGif vomtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f ysO;f rem; pdu k f ysK;d a&;odyo H` ifwef;/ 1975 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D q&mtwwfoif oifwef;wd@k o@kd wufa&mufatmifjrifchJ onf? 3? z¶l;qdk;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;apmOD;&,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apmOD;&,fonf z±lqòdk rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (1 070) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (39 ² 06) jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;

108

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

cHcJh&onf? 1928 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (30) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;wdk;&,f.om;jzpfonf? OD;apm&,fO;D onf owWrwef;txdynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / *syefacwfwiG f r[mrdwaf vxD;wyf trSwf (136) yifhulwHqdyfwGif tr_xrf;cJhI *srm'gtqifhjzifh *syefvufeufcsonftxd wkdufckdufawmfvSefcJhonf? ygvDref'Drdkua&pDacwf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif u,m;jynfe,fta&S ydkif; jynfol@v$wfawmftrwftjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd z±l;qd;k òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfchJ onf? u,m;jynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f jynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dOk ;D pD;ESihf u,m;jynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (23) &ufae@wGif pwifusif;ycJhonfh trsKd;om;nDvmcHusif;ya&; nd Ed_if; aqG;aEG;yGEJ iS hf 1993 ckEpS w f iG u f si;f ycJo h nfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbm v (15) &ufae@wGif vGdKifaumfòrd e,f/ "rRm¶Hk&yfuGuf/ trSwf ("§106) &Sd OD;apmOD;&,f.aetdrfodk@ tm%mydik rf sm;rS owif;t&0ifa&muf&mS azG&m u&ifet D rsK;d om;wd;k wufa&;ygwrD S qufa=u;awmif; cHvm$ / aiGa=u;axmufychH o hJ nfh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;rsm;/ OD;apmOD;&,fu, kd w f ikd f a&;om;ðypkc+hJ y;D / 1993 ckESpfwGif yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhonfh u,m;jynfe,f jynfwGif;a&;ESifh jynfwGif;ppf jzpfay:vm&jcif; ta=umif;odaumif;p&m pmtkyEf iS hf tjcm;pmapmifrsm; odr;f qnf;&rdco hJ jzifh OD;apmOD;&,ftm; u&ifeD aomif;use;f olrsm;ESit hf quftoG,ðf yum aiGa=u;axmufyjhH cif;/ cGiðhf ycsurf &bJ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udx k yd g;apEdik o f nfh w&m;r0ifpmtkyt f m; a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0r_rsm;jzifh ¶H;k wifw&m;pGq J ckd +hJ y;D / vGdKifaumfòrd e,fw&m;¶Hk;rS 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufae@wGif rw&m;toif;tufOya'/ yk'fr 17 (1) jzifh axmif'%f(3)ESpf/ 1996 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wGif 1962 ckESpf/ yHkESdyfolrsm;ESifh xkwfa0olrsm;rSwfyHkwifOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'/ yk'fr 2 (u) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESpf toD;oD; csrw S cf o hJ nf? 2002 ckEpS /f ZGev f (21) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (12) &ufae@ eHeuf (3) em&Dtcsed w f iG f u,m;jynfe,f/ vdKG ifaumf jynfo@l aq;¶Hw k iG f uG,v f eG f onf?

5? abmvcJòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifodef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;atmifoed ;f onf abmvcJòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; ygwt D m; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (697) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (48 ² 88) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1940 jynfEh pS w f iG f arG;zGm;onf? tz OD;pHqif. h om;jzpfonf? vdKG iaf umfòr d Zmwdjzpf onf? OD;atmifoed ;f onf avmu"rRbek ;f awmf}uD;ausmif;/ vdKG ifaumftpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;ESihf tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1960 - 61 ynmoifESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf vufrw S &f pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifonf? 1961 ck ESprf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd c¶dik 0f ef¶;kH wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ 1971 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ygw, D el pfaumfrwD0if/ twGi;f a&;rª;/ OuUÏ (òr d e,fjynfo@l ppfOuUÏ yl;wGw J m0ef)/ ygwAD [dak umfrwD0if/ a'oygwaD umfrwD0if/ a'oygwt D wGi;f a&;rª; ponfjzifh wm0eftoD;oD; xrf; aqmifcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpf txd zmaqmif;òrd e,f v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfcJhonf? 6? &Sm;awmòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifwifonf &Sm;awmòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (417) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (56 ² 73) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;batmif.om;jzpfonf? 1935 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (30) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;atmifwifonf e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd òrd@jy v#yfppfXme/ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1964 ckESpfESifh 1965 ckESpfrsm;wGif u,m;jynfe,f q-p-w-u twGi;f a&;rª;? 1965 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS t f xd ukeo f , G af &; (1) wGif vufaxmuf'idk rf ; / 1967 ckEpS rf pS I ukefonf vkyfief;jzifh toufarG;onf?

4? zmaqmif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;apmwm¶l;wl;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygw?D OD;apmwm¶l;wl;onf zmaqmif;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwDtm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (1621) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (51 ² 94) jzifh a&G;aumuf wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1939 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (24) &ufae@wiG f tz OD;apmwifa&;/ trd a':aemf &,f¶l;wkd@rS arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmwm¶l;wl;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H ("mwkaA') bGJ@&cJhonf? 1970 jynfh ESpfwGif armfcsD;owWKwGif;pDrHudef;wGif 0efxrf;tjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf? A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvf tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf (23) odk@ wufa&mufcJh onf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f zmaqmif;òrd e,f evutwGi;f a&;rª;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd zmaqmif; òrd e,faumifpD OuUÏ/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd zmaqmif;òrd e,fygwD,lepf OuUÏ/ ygwDnDvmcH ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS f =o*kwv f (23) &ufae@wiG f xkid ;f -jrefrme,fpyfo@dk a&muf&Sdonf?

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsut f rSwf (1329) (1358 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 6 &uf) (1997 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 14 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;atmifwiftm;u,m;jynfe,f/ &Sm;awmòr e,f/ jynfo@l v$waf wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS u,m;jynfe,f/ &Sm;awm òrd e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajr mufcHxm;&ol OD;atmifwifu rdrdonf touft&G,f}uD;&ifhvm+yD; usef;rma&;csKd wJhvmonfh twGuf ygwDEdkifiHa&;udpPrsm;udk qufvufraqmif&GufEdkifawmhygojzifh rdrdtm; jynfol@v$wfawmf

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109

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrSEkwfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef ,if;.qEN tav#muf Taumfr&Sifodk@ wifjycJhygonf? 2? txufyg OD;atmifwif.wifjycsut f & aumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;atmifwiftm; ,ae@rpS I &Sm;awmòrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf?

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sifodk@wifjycJhygonf? 2? txufyg OD;bdk;oif;.wifjycsuft& aumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya'yk'fr 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;bd;k oif;tm; ,ae@rpS I vGKd ifaumfòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y vdkufa=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 7? vGKd ifaumfòr e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;bdk;oif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bd;k oif;onf vGKd ifaumfòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (6 184) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53 ² 1) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;baomif;.om;jzpfonf? 1936 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm; cJo h nf? OD;bd;k oif;onf 1953-54 ckEpS w f iG f u,m;jynfe,fausmif;om;or*~ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;? ausmif;om;oydwaf cgi;f aqmif/ 1957 ckEpS w f iG f axmufyahH &; pma&;0efxrf;/ 1963 ckEpS w f iG f y-y-u wm0efcH (zmaqmif;/ r,fpehJ rf) 1968 ckEpS w f iG f vdKG iaf umfòr d e,fuek o f , G af &;0efxrf;/ 1973 - 74 ckEpS w f iG f evu/ vlr_a&; OuUÏ/ 1985 ckESpfwGif jynfe,faumifpD0ifESifh jynfe,fw&m;a&;tzGJ@ (tcsdefydkif;)/ òrd@e,f or0g,rtoif; 'kwd,OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsut f rSwf (1330) (1358 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 6 &uf) (1997 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 14 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;bdk;oif;tm;u,m;jynfe,f/ vGdKifaumfòr e,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f trSw(f 1) rS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m; &oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS u,m;jynfe,f/ vGdKif aumòrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;bd;k oif;u rdro d nf touft&G,}f u;D &ifv h m+y;D use;f rma&;csK d wJh vmonfhtwGuf ygwDEdkifiHa&;udpPrsm;udk qufvufraqmif&GufEdkifawmhygojzifh rdrdtm; jynfol@

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8? vdGKifaumfòr e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;wuf'Dbl;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wuf'b D ;l &Donf vdKG iaf umfòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (6 182) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (57 ² 84) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1944 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;armifarmif ausmf.om; jzpfonf? OD;wuf'Dbl;&Donf 1963 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifI 1967 ckESpfwGif &efukef wuUov kd rf S t*Fvyd pf mt"dujzifh 0dZm bJ@G &cJo h nf? 1968 - 69 ckEpS /f txufwef;jy txu (2) vGKd if aumf/ 1973-75 ckEpS /f avmyDwa&tm;v#ypf pfwiG f ±H;k 0efxrf;/ 1975 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd jynfe,f aumifpDtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@0if/ 1987 - 88 ckESpf/ u,m;jynfe,f or0g,rtoif;pk twGif;a&;r ;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1994 ckEpS w f iG f jynfwiG ;f rS xGucf mG cJ+h yD;aemuf 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (27) &ufae wiG f jyefvnfz JG pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tpnf;ta0; wGif 0ef}uD;csKyf±Hk; 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf? tckvdk etz uvkyfwJhudpP[m Oya't&bmrSw&m;r0ifygbl;? aemuf+yD; wzufu =unfh&ifvnf; enf;enf;awmh [moygyJ? a&G;aumufyGJrSm rJay;wkef;u rJay;wJhvlu ig; aomif; r&Sdbl;? tckusawmh usrod&oavmuf ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u wtdrfwufqif; vufrw S t f wif;xd;k cdik ;f wJt h cgusawmh/ ¶_@H csraJ wGu ig;aomif;awmifausmaf ew,f? 'gawG [m wzufu=unf&h ifawmh [moayg?h wzufu=unf&h ifawmh usrwd@k Edik if u H o kd u d mQ usapwJh vky&f yfjzpfygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf bDbDpD toHv$if;XmeESifhawG@qHkar;jref;cef; (25-1-99) ¡ etzrSðyvkycf o hJ nfh jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtzG@J 0if OD;oef;xGe;f tm; t,Hk t=unfr&Sd tqdkwifoGif;yGJtay: ajz=um;csuf? ¢

112

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; wGifvnf;aumif; oif=um;cJhonf? toufarG;0rf;ausmif; arG;jrLa&;ESifhukoa&;ynm&yfukd tif;pdef arG;jrLa&;ESifh ukoa&;aumvdyfwGifvnf;aumif;/ a&m*gaA'ynm&yfudk *syefEdkifiHwGifvnf;aumif; oif,cl o hJ nf? arG;jrLa&;ESiu hf o k a&;0efxrf; tjzpfvyk o f uf (30) ausmf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1988 ckESpfwGif &efukefwdkif; 'kwd,wkdif;OD;pD;rª;wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? e0w ppftpdk;&u 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5) (n) jzifh jypf'%fcH&I 1991 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (25) &ufae@wiG f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsujf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1962 ckEpS /f rwfv (2) &ufae@wiG f Adv k cf sKyfae0if;tm%mrodr;f rDu u&ifjynfe,ftpd;k &tzG J wiG f ynma&;ESihf use;f rma&;0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / tm%modr;f +y;D 1963 ckEpS rf pS I ppftpd;k &u axmifxYJ (4) ESp/f (5) v =umr# zrf;qD;xm;cJo h nf? ta&;tcif;+y;D aemuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f A[dOk ;D pD; tzGJ 0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvwGif e0wuzrf;qD;cJh+yD; 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27) &ufae wGif armfvòrdiftusOf;axmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?

(3) u&ifjynfe,f?

ajrmufbufwiG f rE aW v;wdik ;f ESihf &Sr;f jynfe,f/ ta&S bufwiG f u,m;jynfe,fEiS x hf ikd ;f Edik if /H taemuf bufwGif rGefjynfe,fESifhyJcl;wdkif;wdk@ wnf&Sdonf? ajrmufvwWDwG'f (15) 'D*&D (15) rdepfESifh (19) 'D*&D (25) rdepftwGif;/ ta&S avmif*sDwG'f (96) 'D*&D(10) rdepfESifh (98) 'D*&D (28) rdepftwGif; wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (11 730) us,0f ef;onf? jynfe,f. òr d awmfrmS bm;tHòrd @jzpfonf? u&ifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f (14) e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (14) cktm; udk,fpm;ðy ,SOfòydifol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; (51) OD;wdk@ 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh=u&m trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfrS (10) ae&m/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ u,ef;trsKd;om; rsm; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ESifh u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm; tzGJ@csKyfwdk@rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD; a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? aumhu&dwfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ref;òrifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ref;òrid af t;onf aumhu&dwòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (13 379) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 53) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? OD;=umyGifh.om; jzpfonf? OD;ref;òrid af t;onf rlvwef;ESit hf v,fwef;ynmudk aumhu&dwòf r d wGiv f nf;aumif;/ txuf wef;ynmudk &efuek Af [dk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGiv f nf;aumif;/ Oypmwef;udk armfvòrid af umvdyf

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2/ aumhu&dwòf r e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)? Edkifaomif;&Sdef/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? Edik af omif;&Sed o f nf aumhu&dwòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J tm; udk,fpm;ðyI0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (10 444)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (48 ² 8) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz Edik af usm/f trd rdvòS rid w f @kd rS 1947 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (9) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? o&ufawmaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? Edkifaomif;&Sdefonf rlvwef;ynmudk o&ufawm aus;¶Gmrlvwef;ausmif;wGif oif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1968 ckEpS w f iG f aumhu&dwòf r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif uefeDtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1974 ckEpS w f iG f wm0efrES w _ x f u G cf o hJ nf? xd@k aemuf ukeo f nfvyk if ef;jzifh toufarG;cJo h nf? rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J wiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif/ vli,fa&; &mwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1995 ckESpfwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUÏ OD;wifOD;ESifh taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd xde;f odr;f cHxm;&&mrSvw G af jrmufvm+yD;aemufyikd ;f rGet f rsK;d om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpfonfh Edik af iGoed ;f ESihf Edik x f eG ;f ode;f wd@k armfvòrdit f usO;f axmifrS xyfrH vGwfajrmufvmonfhtcsdefwGif Edkifaomif;&SdefrS ppftpdk;&tm;xdk;ppfqif&ef tiftm;aumif;onfh EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;w&yf zGJ@pnf;&efvdktyfa=umif; rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@xH t=uHðywifjycJh&m rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J rt S qdyk gt=uHðycsuu f v kd ufccH +hJ yD; Edik af omif;&Sed f udyk if wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;tm; qufvufpnf;¶H;k &ef wm0efay;tyfco hJ nf? OD;pGm Edik af omif;&Sed Ef iS hf Edik af iGoed ;f wd@k rS &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;ombef;ESifhpwifaqG;aEG;cJh=u+yD;aemuf csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@ESifh qufvufaqG;aEG;cJh+yD; oabmwlnDr_&&SdcJhonf? xdk@aemuf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh qufvufaqG;aEG;&ef tcGifhaumif;udkapmifhqdkif;aecJh+yD; ppftkyfpkrS rnfonfhEdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;rqdk trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifhyl;aygif;ygu ta&;,lrnfjzpf a=umif; r=umc%owday;aeonf=h um;rS Edik cf ifarmif=unf (trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf) . qufo, G f ay;csuft& trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh qufvufaqG;aEG;EdkifcJh+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy

114

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

aumfrwDukd 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f atmifjrifpmG zG@J pnf;Edik cf &hJ m Edik af omif;&Sed o f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDay:ayguaf &;twGuf t"dutcef;rS yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h w l OD;jzpfonf? 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJhonf? ,ck e,fomvefEkdifiHwGif aexkdifonf?

}uD;òrd wGiv f nf;aumif;/ 1971 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd armfvòrdiaf umvdyw f iG v f nf;aumif; ynmoif =um;cJhonf? 1970 ckESpfESifh 1975 ckESpfrsm;u armfvòrdifaumvdyfY jzpfyGm;cJhaom tpkd;&qef@usifa&; qENjyyGrJ sm;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifco hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS rf wfvrS pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@txd Edik if aH &;jypfr_ jzihf armfvòrid af xmifwiG x f ed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 0dZm bJ@G ukd (yx0Dt"du) jzihf &cJo h nf? 1976 ckEpS w f iG f a':cifoef;jrifhESifhvufxyfonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpf txdòrd e,for0g,rtoif; (y) pma&;/ 1982 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd jyef§oH vufaxmuf pm=unfw h u dk rf ; / 1985 ckEpS w f iG f =umtif;qdy}f uD; òr d e,faumifp0D if/ òr@d e,fw&m;ol}u;D tzJ@G 0if (tcsed yf ikd ;f )/ òr@d e,faumfr&Sif twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1988 ckEpS /f ZGefv (20) &ufae@wGifzGifhvSpfcJhaom A[kdEkdifiHa&;wuUodkvf tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf (60) od@k wufa&mufc+hJ yD; oifwef;r+yD;qH;k rD =o*kwv f (28)&ufae@wiG f =umtif;qdy}f uD;òrd@e,fo@dk jyefvmcJ+h yD;/ ta&;tcif;umvwGif 'Dru kd a&pDwu dk yf 0JG ifaeolrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f cJo h nf? a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siw f iG f ygwD rsm;rSwyf w kH ifciG &hf &S+d yD;aemuf =umtif;qdy}f uD;òrd wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf qkid ;f bkww f if&mwGif OD;aqmifcI hJ tvkyrf t S em;ay;jcif;cH&onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf u&ifjynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;r ;ESihf òr@d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏwm0efw@kd ,cl o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (9) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD; xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7)ESpf csrSwfcJhonf? 2001 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wGif armfvòrdifaxmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m; vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvdyfrlI vufrSwfa&;xdk; wifoGif;cJhol jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSarmif/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? (uG,fvGef) t+ird ;f pm; 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D OD;vSarmif (=unf;- 5496) onf =umtif;qdy}f u;D òr d e,f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (2 054) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 79) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1936 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (26) &uf ae@wiG f tz OD;bd;k wpf/ trd a':rr}uD;wd@k rS arG;zGm;onf? +rdwòf rd / oef;zd&k yf Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSarmif onf 'kw, d wef;txd +rw d òf r d oef;zd&k yfwiG f ausmif;aecJo h nf? 1945 ckEpS rf S 1953 ckEpS t f xd xm;0,fòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1954 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (20) &ufae@ wGif wyfrawmfo@kd wyfom;tqifh jzifph wif0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1959 ckEpS /f ZGev f wGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd 'kw, d Adv k f ucsif (4)/ vdKG ifvif/ ppfuikd ;f usKd if;wHw k @kd wiG f aEGO;D ppfqifa&;YygI aoewf'%f&m&&Scd o hJ nf? 1962 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k t f qifh evu OuUÏ/ ppfuikd ;f / jynfc¶dik /f oJuek ;f / aygi;f wnfw@kd wiG f 1970 jynfEh pS t f xd wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f e,fbufwm0efrS ppfbufwm0eftjzpf cv& (48) awmifil wGif wyfa&;/ wyfcrJG ;ª ponfjzifh atmifp;kd rd;k ppfqifa&;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd tv,fyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf/ pcef;rª; r*Fvm'H/k awmifil atmifp;kd rd;k ppfqifa&;wd@k wiG v f nf;aumif;/ 1975 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd wyfcrJG ;ª Adv k rf ;ª / ppfa=umif;rª;/ cv& (65) rdik ;f wH/k usKd if;wH/k rdik ;f jyif;/ rdik ;f pyfe,f ajrwdk@wGif rdk;[def; (1) (2) (3) ppfqifa&;wdk@wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1979 ck ESpfwGif wyf&if;rª;/ cv& (97) aumhu&dw/f jr0wD/ bm;tH/ 1984 ckEpS w f iG f 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D tqifjh zifh wyfrt S +ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? ZeD; a':oef;arESihf om; (4) a,muf/ orD; (3) a,muf&o dS nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@wiG f rsK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J tm; e0w trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? od@k a=umifh 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D vSarmif (t+idr;f pm;) onf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;I woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJo h nf? 1993 ckEpS w f iG f usi;f ycJo h nfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG af &G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*t ~ jzpf wufa&mufco hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (8) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwD yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;rS tzG@J 0ifopftjzpf vufccH o hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f armfvòrdifòrd aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf?

5? zmyGefòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf zmyGeòf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkr J(2 574) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62 ² 34) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? zmyGeòf rd e,f/ urarmif;aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;v_id /f trd a':vSwifw@dk rS 1939 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifoef;onf urarmif;/ w±kwfvSESifh bm;tHòr d wk@d wiG af usmif;aecJ+h y;D ud;k wef;atmifco hJ nf? 1961 ckEpS w f iG f urarmif;tpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif; Y rlvwef;jy/ 1981 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf u&ifjynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&; tzGJ@0if wm0ef,lcJhonf?

4? =umtif;qdyf}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;=uifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=uifoed ;f onf =umtif;qdy}f u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (2 398) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 ² 3) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ygt. dk om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckEpS w f iG f a&;òr d YarG;zGm;cJo h nf? oli,fwef;rS ajcmufwef;txd armfvòrid òf r d wGiv f nfaumif;/ ajcmufwef;rSq,fwef;atmifonftxd =umtif;qdyf

6? zmyGefòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;bat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bat;onf zmyGefòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (516) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 55) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1946 ckESpfzGm; jzpfonf? tz OD;}uD;&if.om;jzpfonf? OD;bat;onf 'kwd,ESpf 0dZ m wef;atmifjrifcJhI 1965 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd zmyGefòrd e,f ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if jzpfcJhonf?

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

7? bm;tHòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmcspfoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmcspo f ef;onf bm;tHòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (18 272) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (71 ² 69) jzihfh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? oxHkòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;vif;/ trd a':vSa&$wdk@rS 1926 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&v D (17) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;apmcspo f ef;onf oxHòk r d t*Fvyd -f jrefrmtpk;d & txuf wef;ausmif;wGif tXrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1942 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtdkifat) Y *syefjyef &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvfr ;^m%.wyf&if;wGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1944-45 ckEpS w f iG f oxHck ±dik f u&ifajymufusm;tzJ@G zJ@G pnf;I jrefrmhwyfrawmf wkid ;f (4) ESihf wGzJ ufI zufqpf*syefrsm;udk awmfvSefcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfwGif ref;bcdkif (tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD; usqHk;) OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G af om u&ifvil ,ftpnf;t±H;k wGif oxHck ±kid f twGi;f a&;rª;/ xkEd pS w f iG yf if oxHck ±dik f z-q-y-v tzJG@wGif tvkyftr_aqmiftzJJG@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? yifvHknDvmcHusif;yaomtcg oHvGif c±kid rf S u&iftrsK;d om;ud, k pf m;vS,f zmyGeef ,frOS ;D apmcspw f ;D xHo@kd apmzd;k ZH/ a'guw f mapmvSxeG ;f wk@d ESit hf wlomG ;a&mufI rdrw d @dk e,fajr&Sv d x l o k nf jynfrESihf yl;aygi;f vko d nfq h EN&adS =umif;udk today;wifjy aqG;aEG;cJo h nf? vGwv f yfa&;&+y;D aemuf 1948 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mvwGif apmzd;k ZH (Adv k n f Kd cif)/ a'guw f m apmvSxeG ;f / apmvlvw l @kd EiS t hf wl vJA;D (pf) wyfz@GJ I oxHck ±dik Ef iS hf usKu d rQ cD ±dik w f @dk wiG f jynfaxmifpk ròyu d JG a&;twGuf umuG,w f u dk cf u dk cf o hJ nf? 1949 ckEpS Of ;D ydik ;f wGif u&iftrsK;d om;taysmw f rf;wyfukd xyfrH zJ@G pnf;I jynfaxmifpu k u kd muG,cf o hJ nf? xkpd Ofu a'guw f mapmvSxeG ;f ESiahf pmvlvw l @kd u Ekid if aH &; wm0ef/ apmbmomu pnf;±H;k a&;wm0ef/ apmcspo f ef;u wdu k cf u kd af &;wm0efw@kd ukd toD;oD;,lco hJ nf? 1952 ckESpf/ yxrt}udrfygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJwGif oxHkc±dkifajrmufydkif; jynfol@v$wfawmftrwf/ 1955 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd u&ifjynfe,ftpk;d &0ef}uD;tzJ@G wiG f ygvrD eftwGi;f 0ef/ 1960 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyGJ+yD; aemuf 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrwufrDumvtxd u&ifjynfe,f tpk;d &0ef}uD;tzJ@G wiG f ynma&;ESiu hf se;f rma&;0ef}uD;/ 1962 ckEpS /f awmfveS af &;aumifpD vufxufwGif u&ifjynf e,f OD;pD;tzJG@Y v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;ESifh opfawma&;wm0efcHtjzpf 1963 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (3) &ufae@txd aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv (4) &ufae@ rSpI (4) ESpf/ (5) v=umr# awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpkd;&.xdef;odrf;jcif;cH&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif Edik if *hH % k &f nfb@GJ ('kw, d qif)h cs;D jr ijhf cif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;/ u&ifjynfe, fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ jynfe,fpnf; wJGzufwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJh onf? e0wppftpdk;&u if;tm; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)/ yk'frcGJ (u) (c) ESifh (n) wdk@jzifh ta&;,lcJh+yD; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9) &ufae@&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (1016) jzifh jynfol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrS y,fzsufcJhonf? aemif (10) ESpftwGif; ðyvkyfrnhf a&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOfòydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? e0wu if;tm; 1992 ckEpS /f {+yDv (26) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw $ f ay;cJhonf?

8? bm;tHòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;cspf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;cspfonf bm;tHòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 574) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (59 ² 24) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;axG;/ trd a':uGerf mwk@d rS 1948 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm; cJhonf? xHk;tkdifaus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;cspfonf 1968 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef; pmar;yGJatmifjrifI 1972 ckESpfwGif at*sDwDtdkif (trfyD) jzifh pufr_ody`H tif;pdefrSatmifjrifcJhonf? pufr_vkyfief;jzifh toufarG;onf?

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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OD;pdefAdkvf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdefAkdvfonf jr0wDòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (4 283) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (75 ² 87) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHchJ &onf? wef@qnfòr@d e,f/ a&OD;uke;f aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d oef@/ trd a':csprf ,fw@dk . om;orD; oHk;a,mufwGif ti,fqHk;jzpf+yD;/ 1947 ckESpf/ rwfv (15) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdefAdkvfonf a&OD;òrd@e,frv l wef;ausmif;rS 1953 ckEpS w f iG f pwkww ef;atmifjrifI 1965 ckEpS w f iG f uef@bvltpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrifonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd a=u;eef;qufpma&; (,m,D)/ v,fxeG pf ufjyif tqifh (3)/ 1969 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;f atmifI wd&p>mefarG;jrLa&;ESihf aq;uk oa&;wuUov kd o f @kd 0ifciG &hf onf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f wdarG;ukwuUov kd /f &efuek rf S ('DAt DG ufp)f bJ@G &cJo h nf? xkdESpfwGif a':aomif;&ifESifhvufxyfI om;orD;oHk;OD;xGef;um;onf? 1984 ckESpf/ =um;jzwfa&G; aumufyJGwGif òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0iftjzpf ta&G;cHcJh&+yD; oufwef;ukefqHk;onftxd aqmif&GufcJh onf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzJ@G 0ifjzpfvm+y;D jr0wDòr d e,f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDwiG f 'kwd,OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1999 ckEpS /f arv (20) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1 457) jzifh jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrS E_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 11? v_dif;bGJ@òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmxGef;az/ u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmxGef;azonf v_dif;bGJ@òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm; tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (5 142) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (50 ² 46) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;apmcGeq f . l om;jzpfonf? 1918 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (12) &uf ae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? z¶lqòkd rd e,f/ =uufz;kd }uD;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmxGe;f azonf wuUov kd f 0ifwef;udk awmif}uD;òrd atbDtifef [dkufpul;rSatmifjrifcJhonf? 1941 ckESpfwGif 0dZ mbGJ@udkvnf; aumif;/ 1959 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0dZm bG@J uv kd nf;aumif;/ &efuek w f uUov kd rf &S &Scd o hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd òr d ydik /f e,fyikd /f rSwyf w kH ift&m&S/d xdrk S u&ifjynfe,fO;D pD;tzG@J twGi;f 0eftjzpf wm0eftoD;oD; xrf;aqmifcJh+yD;aemuf wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? u&ifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfwGif OD;pD; em,utjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 12? vd_if;bGJ@òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmxGef;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apmxGe;f vGio f nf v_id ;f bJ@G òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (8 573) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (80 ² 32) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;apmxGef;vGifonf tz OD;xDarmif/ trd a':zkef;a&$wkd@rS 1917 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? v_id ;f bJ G òr d e,f/ axm&G&J mG Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmxGe;f vGio f nf

120

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1941 ckEpS w f iG f *s'q f ifaumvdyrf S 0dZm bJ@G &cJo h nf? jrefrmEdik if 0H efxrf;/ u&ifjynfe,f0efxrf;/ bm;tHc±dik f 0efxrf;tjzpf 1972 ckEpS t f xd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1962 ckEpS w f iG f 0Àausmx f ifb@GJ cs;D jri jhf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1978 ckESpftxd u&ifjynfe,f w&m;a&;OD;pD;r ;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? oufjynfhyifpif,l+yD;aemuf tcgtm;avsmpf mG a&S aetjzpf vku d yf gaqmif&u G o f nf? v,f,mudik ;f u|e;f rsm;udk ud, k w f idk v f yk u f ikd cf hJ onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?

ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@pjJG zifh a=unm cJhonf?

0Àausmfxif OD;apmxGef;vGif jynfe,fw&m;a&;OD;pD;rª; (t+idrf;pm;) touf (84) ESpf u&ifjynfe,f/ bm;tHòr d / trSwf (4) &yfuu G /f o&zDvrf;ae (OD;xDarmif-a':zke;f a&$) wd@k .om;/ (a': oef;òrdif) t+idrf;pm;ausmif;q&mr.cifyGef;/ a':eef;oE WmvGif/ OD;apmrsKd;jrifhvGif-a':oJoJat;/ OD;apmpdk;xGÉf- a':eef;jzLjzLvGif/ OD;apmpdk;aemifxGef;-a':eef;at;at;wdk@.zcif/ ajr;udk;a,muf/ jrpfESpfa,mufwdk@.tbdk;onf 10-12-2000 &ufwGif uG,fvGefoGm;ygI 12-12-2000 &uf rGef;vGJ (1) em&DwGif pufypfuGif;okomefodk@ ydk@aqmifygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 13? oHawmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tm&fyDaomif;/ u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? OD;tm&fyaD omif;onf oHawmifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (3 764) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (44 ² 0) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;eDpaD omif;.om;jzpfonf? 1922 ckEpS /f atmuf wdkbmv (24) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tm&fyDaomif;onf tv,fwef;ynmudk (tmpDtrf) ausmif;/ awmifi/l txufwef;ynmudk pde@f yw D mt*Fvyd t f xufwef;ausmif;/ rE aW v;/ wuUov kd yf nmudk &efukefwuUodkvfESifh xdkrS zdvpfydkifEdkifiH/ reDvmwuUodkvfwGif jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;0dZ mbGJ@&,lcJhonf? 'kw, d urBmppftwGi;f (U.S. Army Det. 101) wyf tr_xrf;/ a&'D,akd tmfya&wmtjzpf 1945 ckEpS /f rwfvtwGif; tif;pdefc¶dkif *sdK;jzLa'owGif avxD;jzifhqif;I bD'DatwyfESifhyl;aygif;um zufqpf awmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifqifE$JcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd òrd ydkif/ e,fydkif/ &efukefwdkif;jynfol@ aumifpw D iG f 'k¶;kH tzG@J r;ª ponfjzifh wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;aemuf oufjynfyh ifpif,cl o hJ nf? 'kw, d urBmppf avsmfa=u;udpP/ ynmawmfoif/ tpdk;&a&mif;0,fa&; rpf&SiftzGJ@vkyfief;/ ponfwdk@twGuf *syefEdkifiH/ zdvpfydkifEdkifiH/ tDwvDEdkifiH/ taemuf*smreDEdkifiH/ 'def;rwfEdkifiH/ a[mfvefEdkifiH/ jyifopfEdkifiH/ t*FvefEikd if /H tar&duefEikd if rH sm;od@k omG ;a&mufco hJ nf? u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; 'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@ OD;pD;em,uESifh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf obmywdtzGJ@0if wm0efrsm;,lcJhpOf e0w. 1§90 trdef@tm; qef@usifr_jzifh oufqdkif&mrSxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_ tufOya'yk'fr (5) (n) jzifh jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G; aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD kd

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

121

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122

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(4) csif;jynfe,f?

jynfEh pS rf pS I uefyufvuòr d e,f ygw, D el pfwiG f vkyt f m;ay;/ 1971 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fygwD ,lepf¶;kH wGif 0efxrf;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fvrf;pOfvil ,f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDwiG f twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd òrd e,fygwD,lepf twGif;a&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd òrd e,fygwD,lepf OuUÏ/ ygwDnDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,f/ csif;jynfe,fa'oygwDaumfrwD0ifjzpfcJhonf?

jrefrmEdkifiHtaemufydkif;wGif wnf&Sdonf? ajrmufbufESifhta&S bufwGif ppfudkif;wdkif;/ awmif bufwGif rauG;wdkif;ESifh&cdkifjynfe,f/ taemufbufwGif tdENd,EdkifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHwdk@ wnf&Sdonf? ajrmufvwWDwG'f (21) 'D*&D (0) rdepfESifh (24) 'D*&D (15) rdepftwGif;/ ta&S avmif*sDwG'f (93) 'D*&D (15) rdepfEiS hf (94) 'D*&D (0) rdepftwGi;f wGif wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef; rdik af ygi;f (13 907) us,f0ef; onf? jynfe,f.òrd awmfrSm [m;cg;òrd jzpfonf? csi;f jynfe,fwiG f rJqENe,f (13) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (8) cktm; ud, k pf m;ðy,SOòf yid o f l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (53)OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif; (2) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (55) OD;wd@k 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf =hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (4) ae&m/ csi;f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfrS (3) ae&m/ Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &ufEiS hf woD;yk*v ~ wd@k (2) ae&mpD/ r&mjynfo@l ygwED iS hf wdik ;f &if; om; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwdk@rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD;a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?

2? wD;wdeòf r e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;iifhxef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;iifx h efonf wD;wdeòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (5 716) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (43 ² 51) jzifah &G;cs,w f ifajr muf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1944 zGm;/ wD;wdeZf mwd/ tz OD;Asv J yf ek ;f / trd a':usiv hf iG w f @dk rS 1944 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;iifx h efonf zl;EGr;f &Gmtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmpoifc+hJ y;D / 1958 ckEpS w f iG f (4) wef; paumvm;&Sp&f cJo h nf? ,if;aemuf Aef;wJt h pd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdef tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ xkwv f idk t f pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ&h m 1975 ckEpS f wGif q,fwef;pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifonf? 1976 ckEpS w f iG f wGe;f ZHòr@d e,f Oya'±H;k wGif ±H;k tkypf ma&;}u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; pmay;pm,ljzifh Oya'ynmqufvufoif=um;cJh&m 1984 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@& onf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyrf ES w k x f u G I f wD;wdeòf rd@e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f tzG@J 0ifc+hJ yD; pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpf wGif a':[kefeJrfESifhvufxyfI om; (4) a,muf/ orD; (2) a,mufxGef;um;onf?

1? uefyufvufòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;vdef;[m/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;vde;f [monf uefyufvuòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwt D m; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (2 361) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ &mcdkifE_ef;(36 ² 72) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;[mxef;/ trd a':tGt J rG w f @kd rS 1945 ckEpS /f rwfv (3) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm; cJo h nf? OD;vde;f [monf uefyufvufòr d tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ aqmòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhI 1969-70 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;udk (c) tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1970

3? wD;wdefòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? ylusifh&Sif;xef (c) ylo#ef/ ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf? ylusi&hf iS ;f xefonf wD;wdeòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (5 418) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (41 ² 51) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr muf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;qGr;f [ef/ trd a':anmifcef@used w f @kd .om;jzpfonf? 1938 ckEpS /f {+yv D (6) &ufae@ wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ylusi&hf iS ;f xefonf Zrf;yDtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdeòf r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ rE aW v;òr d wdik ;f cspaf usmif;wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJI h 1958 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;atmifjrifonf? &efuek f wuUov kd Yf qufvuf ynmoif=um;cJ&h m 1963-64 ckEpS w f iG f csi;f ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUÏ/ xdrk S 1964 ckEpS w f iG f Edik if aH &;odyb H` mom/ tjynfjynfqikd &f m qufqaH &;bmom/ taemufwikd ;f ordik ;f bmom ESihf t*Fvyd b f mompmpDpmuH;k wd@k jzifh 0dZm bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? xdEk pS rf mS yif a':'Ge@f cifanmifEiS hf vufxyfonf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS t f xd &efuek w f uUov kd f Oya'ynmXmewGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJ&h m 1967 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm (Oya') bG@J / 1968 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0dZm (LL.B.) bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyo f if a&S ae/ 1971 ckESpfrSpI w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa&S aetjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? ylusifh&Sif;xefonf i,fpOf ausmif;om;b0uwnf;uyif EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifv_yf&Sm;chJonf? 1961 ckESpf/ ZGev f (8) &ufae@rS (16) &ufae@txd &Sr;f jynfawmifyikd ;f / awmif}u;D òr d / pm;+red &f yd o f m taqmuftOD; wGif usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh jynfe,faygi;f pHn k v D mcH}u;D od@k csi;f ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfwufa&mufco hJ nf? 1961

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

124

123

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ckEpS w f iG f jynfe,frsm;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;tzG@J tvkyt f r_aqmif tzG@J 0iftjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? jrefrmh qd&k , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwED iS hf tm%m&SiOf ;D ae0if;tm; tpOfwpdu k q f ef@usicf o hJ w l OD;jzpfonf? 1972 ckEpS f wGif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;twGuf jynfolrsm;xHrS t=uH^m%frsm; awmif;cHonfwiG f zuf'&,fa&;&mudp&P yfrsm;ESiyhf wfoufI a0zeft=uaH y;cJo h jzifh 1972 ckEpS /f atmufwkd bmv (30) &ufae@rS 1974 ckEpS /f rwfv (3) &ufae@txd &efuek òf r d / ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; A[dpk pfa=uma&; pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f ppfa=umjcif;cHc&hJ onf? xd@k aemuf 1974 ckEpS /f rwfv (4)&ufae@rS =o*kwv f (24) &ufae@txd rE Wav;tusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1986 ckESpfwGif uav; òr d e,fa&S ae}u;D rsm;tzG@J wiG f OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (12) &ufae@rS (19) &ufae@txd uav;òr d wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&+yD;puwnf;u wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif/ ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf.OuUÏ jzpfojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. teD;uyfapmifh=uyf=unfh¶_ r_udk cHcJh&oljzpfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@wiG f e0wrS trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uftm;zsuo f rd ;f cJo h jzifh ylusihf &Si;f xefonf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;I woD;yk*t ~ oGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJo h nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (12) &ufae@ eHeuf (4) em&Dtcsed w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS aetdro f @kd vma&mufzrf;qD;+y;D / &efuek òf r d od@k ac:aqmifum vlrqefpmG ppfa=umar;jref;r_uckd cH &hJ +yD; rwfv (19) &ufae@wiG rf S jyefvw $ af y;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? Edik if aH &; ygwrD sm;tm; e0wrS zsuo f rd ;f aeonfu h mv 1993 ckEpS /f arv (10) &ufae@wiG f uav;òr d Y xrfrzH rf;qD; cHcJh&+yD; aetdrftus,fcsKyfb0jzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf (17) rSt&m&SdxH eHeuf (8) em&Dw}udrf/ nae (5) em&Dw}udrf owif;ydk@aecJh&onf? a&S aetjzpf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;vkyfief;udkyg vkyfcGifh rðyojzifh rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;tcufawG@cJh&onf? ZGefv (1) &ufae@txdjzpfonf? 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&;twGufqufvufaqmif&Gufojzifh 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufae@rS (24) &ufae@txd xyfrx H ed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ jyefonf? ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. n O;f yrf;ESyd pf ufra_ =umifh use;f rm a&;,dk,Gif;vmonftxdjzpfcJh&onf? ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&ufA[dkwGif OuUÏjzpfonf? trsKd;om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu ppftm%m&Sirf sm;rS 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'ftm; taumiftxnfazmf ray;ojzifh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;yg0ifonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yfukd r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (21) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJt h +y;D ppftm%m&Sif rsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol ylusifh&Sif;xeftm; 1998 ckESpf/ puf wifbmv (6) &ufae@rS 1999 ckEpS /f rwfv (14) &ufae@txd &efuek òf r d wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? yxr &JreG &f dS trSwf (220) ajcjrefwyf&if;wGif xde;f odr;f xm;cJ+h yD;aemuf ud;k rdik cf &JG dS ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; wyfpcef; wGiaf jymif;a&$ I oD;jcm;csKyfaESmifxm;cJ&h m ausmufuyfEiS t hf jcm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;jzpfymG ;cJ+h y;D / usef;rma&;csKd ,Gif;vmojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? jyefvGwfvm+yD; &efukefòrd / qmul&maq;cef;wGif aq;0g;ukocJ&h onf? 1999 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (16) &ufae@wiG f urBmu h v k or*~ vufaxmuftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyf rpPwmt,fvAf m¶d'k q D w kd rkd S wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rS acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; &efuek f òr d &S/d ukvor*~z@HG òz;d r_tpDtpOf¶;kH wGif awG@qckH &hJ mwGif yg0ifojzifh 1999 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (3) &ufae@rS 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (15) &ufae@txd ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2002 ckEpS /f atmufwkd bmv (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD wdk;csJ zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJhonf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (701) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv 10 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unmjcif;? 1? wD;wdefòrd e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f trSwf (2) wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (18 180) OD;teuf (13 674) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfq h ENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (13 021) rJ&&Scd yhJ g onf? ,if; cdik v f akH om qENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&Sd=uygonf æ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

126

125

pOf

v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ trnf tpnf;

&&Sdonfh qENrJaygif;

&mckdifE_ef;

(u)

ylusifh&Sif;xef

ZkdrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf

5408

41 ² 53

(c)

OD;pDAif=uL;

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

3159

24 ² 26

(*)

OD;qGefusifhvsef

'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&; tzGJ@csKyf ('D§+idrf;)? wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD

1539

11 ² 82

2915

22 ² 39

2? odk@ygI txufygv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;teuf trSwfpOf (u) yg cdkifvHkaom qENrt J rsm; qH;k &&So d nfh ylusi&hf iS ;f xefonf csi;f jynfe,f/ wD;wdeòf rd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 41 yk'frcGJ (*) ESifhtnD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 4? wGef;ZHòr e,frJqENe,f? wmefxefvsef;aygif/ ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf? wmefxefvse;f aygio f nf wGe;f ZHòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (3 483) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (36 ² 35) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1960 jynfEh pS /f {+yv D (18)&ufae@wiG f tz OD;cgwcf ef@xef/ trd a':anmif;usiw hf @kd rS arG;zGm;cJh onf? wGe;f ZHòrd e,f/ yefrmG vfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? wmefxefvse;f aygio f nf yefrmG vfaus;&Gmtpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif;/ axG;rGDtpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;/ wrl;òrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynm

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

oif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd rHk&Gma'oaumvdyf/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd rE aW v;wuUov kd w f @kd wiG f qufvufynmoif=um;cJu h m bDtufppf D (*k%x f ;l ) bG@J &cJo h nf? 1984 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG f r[modyaH` emufq;kH ESpt f xd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1974 ckEpS rf pS I vrf;pOfvil ,foifwef;/ vrf;pOfvil ,facgi;f aqmif oifwef;/ vrf;pOfvil ,frrG ;f rHoifwef;wd@k wufco hJ nf? 1983-84 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;wuUov kd f csi;f wdik ;f &if;om;pmayESihf ,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD twGi;f a&;rª;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pmayESihf ,Ofaus;r_aumfrwDtzG@J 0if/ 1985-86 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd f wdik ;f &if;om; ,Ofaus;r_aumfrwDtzG@J 0if/ 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvtxd Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &ufwiG f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (25) &ufae@wiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@wiG f e0w trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh Zdrk ;D trsK;d om; uGef*&uftm;zsufodrf;cJhojzifh wmefxefvsef;aygifonf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;I woD;yk*~vtoGifodk@ a&muf&SdoGm;onf?

6? yvuf0òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmx f eG ;f onf yvuf0òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (3 961) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (38 ² 18) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1945 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (14) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? yvuf0òr d e,f/ xGyD ek ;f 0aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vkid ;f zm;.om;jzpfonf? OD;ausmx f eG ;f onf i&Sm;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif;/ yvuf0òr d tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;/ &efuek òf r d jynfaxmifpt k xufwef;ausmif;wk@d Y ynm oif=um;cJ+h y;D / wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yJG atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1965 ckEpS w f iG f yvuf0òr d e,fuek o f , G af &; wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ xkrd S 1967 ckEpS w f iG f r'D,mESiv hf ufxyfI om;oH;k a,muf/ orD;oH;k a,mufxeG ;f um; onf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f yvuf0òr d e,f evu twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd yvuf0òr d e,f aumifpD twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1978 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fvyk if ef;ppf OuUÏ/ 1984 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvwGif ppfawGòrd Y wnf;ck&d yd o f mpcef; 0,f,zl iG v hf pS jf cif;udOk ;D aqmifra_ y;cJjh cif;twGuf òrd e,fjynfo@l aumifpD OuUÏwm0efrS &yfqidk ;f jcif;cH&onf? 1985 ckEpS w f iG f pm;axG±;kH csKyf/ &efuek òf rd od@k ajymif;a&$ onf? 1989 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif u|r;f usit f qifh (8) &mxl;jzifh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? yvuf0òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf OuUÏtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ csif;jynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0iftjzpf vnf;aumif; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f ZGev f (23) &ufae@wiG f pwifusi;f ycJo h nfh trsK;d om;nDvmcH usif;ya&;nd Ed_if;aqG;aEG;yGJodk@ wufa&mufcJhonf?

5? xefwvefòr e,frJqENe,f?

a'gufwmr_xef/ woD;yk*~v? a'guw f mr_xefonf xefwvefòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (7 322) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (38 ² 02) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;[JorG ;f .om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckEpS /f arv (16) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifI 1973 ckESpfwGif rE Wav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@ (trfbDbDtufpf) &cJhonf? 1973 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v;jynfo@l aq;¶H}k u;D wGif tvkyo f ifq&m0ef/ 1976 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd wGe;f ZHòr d e,fEiS hf zvrf;òr d e,fw@kd wiG f vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1981 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd xefwvefòr d e,f q&m0ef/ xdrk S 1989 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f &mxl;rSEw k x f u G cf o hJ nf? òr d e,fq&m0eftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifpOf yÌrt}urd yf gwn D v D mcH ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfvnf;aumif;/ pwkwt }urd f jynfe,f jynfol@aumifpD (tcsdefydkif;) tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&GufcJhonf? a'gufwmr_xeftay: if;. a&G; aumufy, JG OS òf yid b f uf csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS OD;EGet f yk rf S a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f cJo h jzifh a&G;aumufycJG t kH rSwf (5) rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,cifu trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzGJ@0ifjzpfcJh+yD; tzGJ@csKyfA[dkESifh oabmxm;rwkdufqdkifojzifh tzGJ@csKyfrSEkwfxGuf+yD; woD;yk*~vtjzpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1992 ckESpfwGif usif;yonfh trsKd;om;nDvmcH usi;f ya&;ndE i_d ;f aqG;aEG;yG/J 1993 ckEpS rf S 1996 ckEpS t f xdusi;f ycJo h nfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHEiS hf 2004 ckEpS w f iG f jyefvnfusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufc+hJ yD;/ 2005 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD rd e,f/ anmifEpS yf ifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG af &G;cs,cf x H m;&aom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@rS yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf? 16-10-2003 &ufae@u csif;jynfe,f/ [m;cg; òrd &Sd 0rRo;l armiftm;upm;O,smOfwiG f jynfaxmifp=k uHch ikd af &;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&; toif;}uD;u}uD;rª; usi;f ycJh onfh EdkifiHawmfa&S qufoGm;rnfh rl0g'vrf;pOfckepf&yfESifhywfoufonfh EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf. rdef@cGef;óudqdkaxmufcHyGJ vlxktpnf;ta0;Y obmywdtzGJ@0ifwOD;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?

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7? yvuf0òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;axG;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;axG;atmif (c) OD;xkyaf tmifonf yvuf0òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (2 732) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (31 ² 38) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;cifwvd.om;jzpfonf? yvuf0òr d e,f/ zvHak csmif;aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;axG;atmif (c) OD;xkyaf tmifonf 1959-60 ckEpS w f iG f yvuf0òr d e,f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS t f xd zG@H òz;d a&;odyH` (ppfuikd ;f ) wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJI h 1965-66 ynmoifEpS w f iG f wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yJaG tmifjrifco hJ nf? 196768 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1969 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyq&moifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckESpftxd yvuf0òrd e,fvkyfief;ppftzJG@0if/ 1978-79 ckESpfwGif òrd e,faumifpDtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 8? zvrf;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? pDauwdu k u f v JG /f csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f pDauwdu k u f v JG o f nf zvrf;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (6 137) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 53) jzifh a&G;cs,f

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? Adv k rf ;ª wdu k u f v JG f (t+ird ;f pm;/ uG,v f eG )f .om;jzpfonf? 1929 ckEpS /f pufwif bmv (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? pDauwdu k u f v JG o f nf 1948 ckEpS rf S 1954 ckEpS t f xd tar&duef jynfaxmifpo k @kd ynmawmfoifomG ;a&mufco hJ nf? 1954 ckEpS rf pS I v#ypf pf"mwftm;ay;a&;tzG@J (jrefrmh v#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;vkyfief;) wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m 1971 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (31) &ufae@txd 'kwd,tif*sifeD,mcsKyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1) &ufae@rpS I oufjynft h +idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? bDtufppf /D tdik t f ;D tD;bG@J EiS hf trfat/ tdik t f ;D tD;bG@J w@kd &&SdcJhonf? csif;trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif em,uwm0ef,lcJhonf?

&ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (914) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm uf jcif;cHxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? ,if;a=unmcsuw f iG f a'guw f mZvS,x f efonf yHEk ydS o f rl sm;ESihf xkwaf 0olrsm;rSwyf w kH ifOya' yk'rf (20) tm; usL;vGecf o hJ jzifh uav;òrd e,fw&m;¶H;k . jypfr_}uD;trSwf (137§90) t& ta&;,lv#uf&SdpOf ,if;onf tdENd,EdkifiH/ rDZdk&rfjynfe,f/ tdkufaZm òrd odk@ wdrf;a&Smifaexdkifv#uf&SdonfhtwGuf w&m;cHajy;tjzpf a=unmxm;a=umif;/ oufqdkif&m w&m;¶H;k .pD&ifcsuw f iG f azmfjyxm;onfuakd wG@&&dS ojzifh OD;ZvS,x f efonf Edik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfwjynfwiG f aexdkifjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha&Smufjcif;rðyawmhbJ EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&.vufatmufcHtjzpf a&muf&Sdaeonfudk awG@&Sd&onf? odk@ygI OD;ZvS,fxefonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) yk'rf cGJ (C) ESihf +idpeG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr&Sdawmha=umif;ESifh ,if; tm; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkuf a=umif;azmfjyyg&o dS nf? xd@k jyif 1991 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (12) &ufae@wiG f csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS a'gufwmZvS,fxeftm; xkwfy,fcJhonf?

9? zvrf;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmZvS,fxef/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mZvS,x f efonf zvrf;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òyid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (4 753) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (50 ² 28) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1944 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6) &ufae@wGif tz OD;[&ef&Sif/ trd a':acg vsepf w JG @kd rS arG;zGm;cJo h nf? zvrf;òrd e,f/ uavrGe&f mG Zmwdjzpfonf? a'guw f mZvS,x f efonf 1964 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek òf rd òrd rtxufwef;ausmif;rS '\rwef;atmifjrifc+hJ yD;/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd &efuek af q;wuUov kd f (1) wGif q&m0ef (trfbb D t D ufp)f bG@J &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? awmf vSefa&;aumifpDvufxuf 1971 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (25) &ufae@rSpI EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'topf (rl=urf;) a&;qGaJ &;ESiyhf wfoufI vkyo f m;jynforl sm;xHrS t=u^H m%frsm;ay;=u&ef zdwaf c:awmif;cHc&hJ m zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&;twGuf t=uðH ycJo h jzifh 1972 ckEpS /f 'DZifbm v (17) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;trSwf (6) rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 1974 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (3) &ufae@ jynfaxmifpq k &kd , S v f pforRwjrefrmEdik if aH wmf zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'twnfðyonfah e@wiG f tif;pdefA[dktusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 1979 ckESpfrSpI uav;òrd / wm[ef;&yfwGif udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhxm;cJhonf? csif;trsKd;om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f A[dOk uUÏtzG@J tzG@J 0ifEiS hf òrd e,fOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS w f iG f csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ zvrf;òr d e,f OuUÏtjzpf Edik if aH &;pnf;¶H;k r_rsm;aqmif&u G af epOf wdik ;f &if; om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwrD S a'guw f mZvS,x f eftm; csi;f trsK;d om;wyfO;D (CNF) ESihf qufo, G rf &_ dS onf[v k yk =f upH yG pf cJG o hJ jzifh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS a'guw f mZvS,x f ef. uav;òr d / wm[ef;&yfaetdro f @kd 0ifa&muf&mS azGco hJ nf? rnfonfh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;r# &SmazGawG@&jdS cif;r&So d nft h cg a'guw f m ZvS,x f ef.aetdrrf S w&m;0ifciG ðhf ycsujf zifx h w k af 0xm;onfh Edik if aH &;pmtkypf mwrf;tcsK d udk odr;f ,lc+hJ y;D yHkESdyftufOya'jzifh tr_qifw&m;pGJqdkjcif;cHcJh&onf? tmrcHjzifhtr_&ifqdkifaepOf 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif zvrf; (2) rJqENe,frS a'gufwmZvS,fxef tEdkif&&SdcJhonfhtcg tm%mydkifrsm;rS tqdkygtr_jzifh zrf;qD;axmifcs&ef pDrHvkyfaqmifvmcJhonf? aemufqHk; w&m;¶Hk;tr_csdef;&ufjzpfonfh 21-12-90 &ufae@wiG f 0&rf;xkwI f zrf;qD;&efvyk af qmifvmonfukd óuw d ifo&d &dS ojzifh 17-12-90 &ufae@wGif uav;òrd wm[ef;&yfaetdrfrS tdENd,EdkifiHodk@ xGufcGmwdrf;a&SmifcJhonf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (22)

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10? rwlyDòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;¶dktkyf/ r&mjynfol@ygwD (r-y-y)? OD;¶dt k yk o f nf rwlyòD rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif r&mjynfo@l ygwD (r-y-y) tm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (3 450) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (34 ² 13) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? rwlyDòrd e,f/ wD;qD;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSaxG;/ trd a':aeulwdk@rS 1957 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (3) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? OD;¶dktkyfonf wD;qD;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ vdkufvif;yD tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rkwWr tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1981-82 ynmoifEpS w f iG f q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1983-84 ckEpS w f iG f =unfjh rifwikd f a'oaumvdyf (3) wGif yxrESpfESifh 'kwd,ESpfwdk@udk wufa&mufatmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1986-87 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf (yifr) wGif wwd,ESpo f ifwef;od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? rkwrW tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh pOfu ynmxl;c|efqk&cJhonf? wuUodkvf'kwd,ESpfESifh wwd,ESpfrsm;wGif r&me,fvHk;qdkif&m ausmif; om;rsm;tpnf;t¶H;k OuUÏtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ rwlyòD r d e,f wuUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;toif;wGiv f nf; aumif; yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@wGif e0wrS trdef@trSwf (7§92) jzifh r&mjynfol@ygwDtm; zsufodrf;vdkufojzifh OD;¶dktkyfonf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;um woD;yk*~vtoGifodk@ a&muf&SdoGm;onf? 11? rwlyDòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;onf rwlyDòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (4 417) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (47 ² 51) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rwlyòD r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cdw/kH trd a':axG&ifw@dk rS 1947 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;onf avuef;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ausmif;/ pmvfawmif&Gm tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rwlyDòrd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;/ rif;wyfòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS t f xd ppfuikd ;f / wdik ;f &if;om;zG@Hòzd;a&;ody`H trSwfpOf (1)odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;/ 1973 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd rwlyDòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1981 ckEpS w f iG f A[dEk idk if aH &;wuUov kd w f iG f tvkyo f rm;pDrcH ef@crGJ o _ ifwef;wufchJ onf? 1984 ckEpS w f iG f t,fvt f ,fvb f b D @GJ EiS hf 1987 ckEpS w f iG f bDt;D 'Db@GJ &onf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd rwlyòD r d e,fjynfo@l aumifpD tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@0J if/ 1986 ckEpS w f iG f tajccHEidk if aH &;oifwef; wufco hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmvtxd tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyw f m0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D a&G;aumufyGJ wGif yg0if,OS òf ydit f a&G;cH&eftwGuf 1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@rpS I vuf&&dS mxl;rSEw _ x f u G cf hJ onf?

jynfEh pS t f xd w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? OD;vset f yk t f m; 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya' yk'rf 5 (u)(,)(n)/ jypfr_ qdik &f musix hf ;kH Oya' yk'rf (512) t& [m;cg;òrd e,f w&m;¶H;k wGif w&m;pGq J x kd m;pOf xGuaf jy; wdr;f a&SmifomG ; ojzifh w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcJo h nf? OD;vset f yk o f nf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_ tufOya' yk'fr (5) (n) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I jynfol@v$wf awmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11) (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsuf a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? (5) ppfudkif;wdkif;?

12? rif;wyfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;&Sdef;azvdef;/ csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;&Sed ;f azvde;f onf rif;wyfòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (5 542) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (42 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;edef&Sdef;az/ trd a':xef;vD;¶_wdk@rS 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;&Sdef;azvdef;onf vSd¶Hk;&Gmbkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;/ rif;wyftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif; wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m pwkw wef;ESifh owWrwef;wdk@wGif paumvm;&Spf&cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGaJ tmifjrifI 1958 ckEpS w f iG f rif;wyfòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;Y tv,f wef;jy q&m0ifvyk o f nf? 1959 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifI &efuek q f &mtwwfoifwiG f tv,fwef;jyoifwef;wufco hJ nf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd tv,fwef;jyq&mESihf ausmif; tky}f u;D / csi;f jynfe,fenf;jyq&m (jynfaxmifpak usmif;ESihf ppfuikd ;f zG@H òz;d a&;ody)H` / 1984 ckEpS w f iG f emruse;f yifpif ,lco hJ nf? csi;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f OuUÏ/ A[dek m,u ponfjzifah qmif&u G cf o hJ nf? OD;vseftkyf/ woD;yk*~v? OD;vset f yk o f nf [m;cg;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (5 149) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (37 ² 02) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1937 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4)&uf ae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;r_efaemfvf.om;jzpfonf? OD;vseftkyfonf 1959 ckESpfwGif ausmif; xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJudkatmifjrifcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif ppfawGpmppfXmerS wuUodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrif+yD;/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd yvuf0òrd e,f/ 'vwfartpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif wm0efcHausmif;tkyftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ mbGJ@ ESifh 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ mbGJ@ wdk@&cJhonf? wuUodkvfwGif ynmoif=um;aepOf &efukefwuUodkvf csif;wdkif;&if;om;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_ aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;/ ,if;aumfrwDrSxkwfa0onfh 196869 ckESpf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;aumfrwD OuUÏ/ 1969-70 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S ae/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1990

jrefrmEdkifiH.taemufajrmufbufwGif wnf&Sdonf? taemufbufwGif csif;jynfe,f/ ta&S ajrmufbufwGif ucsifjynfe,f/ ta&S bufwGif &Srf;jynfe,f/ awmifbufwGif rauG;wdkif;ESifh rE aW v;wdik ;f wd@k EiS hf xdpyfvsu&f o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (21) 'D*&D (30) rdepftwGi;f / ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (94) 'D*&DEiS hf (97) 'D*&DtwGi;f wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (36 535) us,0f ef;onf? wdik ;f òrd awmfrSm ppfudkif;òrd jzpfonf? ppfudkif;wdkif;wGif òrd e,f (38) òrd e,f&Sd rJqENe,f (58) e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; ud, k pf m;ðy,SOòf ydio f l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (231) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f avmif; (11) OD;/ pkpkaygif; (242) OD; 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh=u&m trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfrS (52) ae &m/ em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwED iS w hf oD;yk*v ~ wd@k (2) ae&mpD/ jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om; vlrsK;d rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwDwdk@rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD;a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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13? [m;cg;òr e,frJqENe,f?

131

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1? ueDòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf ueDòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 238) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (77 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;!$ef@/ trd a':tkef;=unfwkd@rS 1945 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ueDòrd e,f/ vufypH &k mG Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf ueDòrd tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrif+y;D rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd w f iG f qufvufynmqufvuf oif=um;cJh onf? 1969 ckEpS /f u|e;f qG,t f a&;tcif;wGif yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h jzifh (1) ESpEf iS hf (6) v zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cH cJh&onf? 1973 ckESpfwGif jyifyrSajzqkd+yD; rE Wav;0dZ mESifh ody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H (ocsFm) bJG@&cJhonf? 1988 ckESpftxd ueDòrd@e,ftwGif; wGJbufausmif;q&mtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf? ueDòrd e,ftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (21) OD; aumfrwDwGif aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?

rsm;wGif tdE, dN Edik if H tajcpdu k v f y_ &f mS ;v#u&f adS om trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS a'guw f mwifah qGO;D pD; aomtzGJ@u jynfwGif;&Sd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;'dkaxmif; (uav;òrd )/ cGefjrifhxGef; (oxHkòrd ) tygt0if (19) OD;tm; qufo, G I f jynfyoifwef;od@k oifwef;om;rsm;apv$waf y;&ef/ vH@_ aqmf0g'jzef@ pmapmifrsm;jzef@a0&eftjyif rH&k mG òrd Y jynfytkypf . k v#K d 0Su¶f ;kH cGzJ iG v hf pS &f ef aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;rsm;twGuf zrf;qD;ta&;,l&a=umif;azmfjycJo h nf?¢ 2003 ckEpS /f ZGev f (2) &ufae@wiG f rE aW v;axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

2? ueDòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef@Zif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef@Zifonf ueDòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (18 781) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (82 ² 53) jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr muf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1940 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (15) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? armfvu dk òf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bpde. f om;jzpfonf? OD;oef@Zifonf armfvu dk òf rd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ rE aW v;wuUov kd Ef iS hf pdu k yf sK;d a&;wuUov kd w f @kd wiG f ynmoif=um;cJI h pdu k yf sK;d a&;ynmbJ@G &cJo h nf? 1967 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd ajraus;&Sif; (±Hk;csKyf)/ ueDajraus;&Sif;/ v,fpdkuf&Sif;wkd@wGif òrd@e,frefae*smtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh onf? xdk@aemuf bmom&yfoif udk,fydkifoifwef;zGifhvSpfI toufarG;cJhonf? 3? uav;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;'dkaxmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;'dkaxmifonf uav;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 381) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (42 ² 81) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? zvrf;òrd e,f/ bkdñuH;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif tz OD;vsefEGef;/ trd a':xef;ref;wk@d raS rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;'dak xmifonf acgymG vftpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ zvrf;òr d tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;/ wD;wGmvftpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ [m;cg;òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f wuU odv k 0f ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ use;f rma&;rª;oifwef;udk 1962 ckEpS w f iG af tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd xefwvef/ uefyufvuf/ uav;/ armfvu dk /f [krv R if;òrd wk@d wiG f use;f rma&;rª;/ 1988 ckESpf/ (1350 jynfhESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhI 1989 ckESpfwGiftvkyfrS E_wx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f arv (21) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;trSwf (17) rS zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 1996 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20) &ufae@wGif jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (2) EdkifiHawmfopPmazmufzsuf ykeu f efrj_ zifh axmif'%f (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? ¡ 22-8-96 &ufae@xw k f e0wowif;pm

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4? uav;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmodef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mode;f 0if;onf uav;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 168) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (57 ² 23) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;bd/k trd a':oef;xku d w f @dk rS 1952 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? rH&k mG òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? a'guw f modef ;f 0if;onf rif;uif;òr d / tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) ESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ rHk&Gmòrd / tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif,+l y;D aemuf aq;wuUov kd f (2) &efuek rf S 1978 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&cJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd tvkyfoifq&m0ef r*Fvm'Hkppf aq;±Hk}uD;/ wm0efcHq&m0ef wm[eforaq;cef;/ ZeD; a':=unf=unfjrifhESifh om;orD; (5) a,muf xGe;f um;onf? 1988 ckEpS /f (1350 jynfEh pS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd vufaxmufygwDpdwfrª;/ anmifyifom&yf/ uav;òrd wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? uav;òrd trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd e,fOuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? jyifyq&m0eftjzpf ud, k yf ikd af q;cef;zGiI hf toufarG;onf? tluifqmjzpfojzif h &efuek òf rd / *syefaq;±H}k uD;wGif wufa&muf ukoaepOf 2006 ckESpf/ rwfv (15) &ufae@ ae@vnf (2) em&D (10) rdepfY uG,fvGefonf? a'guw f mode;f 0if;uG,v f eG jf cif;twGuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrx S w k jf yefonfh 0rf;enf; a=umif; o0%fv$m æ 0rf;enf;a=umif;o0%fvm$ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / uav;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f m ode;f 0if;onf 2006 ckEpS /f rwfv (15) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG t f edpaP &mufomG ;a=umif; 0rf;enf;a=uuGzJ , G f =um;od&ygonf? a'guw f mode;f 0if;onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy. f tzG@J 0ifwOD;taejzifh rdrEd ikd if w H iG f 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnf&Sifoefa&;twGuf óud;yrf;tm;xkwf aqmif&Gufaeolvnf; jzpfygonf? a'guw f mode;f 0if;. aqmif&u G cf surf sm;udk trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifh av;pm; *k%, f v l #u&f ydS gonf? a'guw f mode;f 0if;touf xif&mS ;&Spd Ofu tzG@J csKy/f 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESit hf wl wufºupG mG yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G cf o hJ nfrsm;/ 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;tm; yHyh ;kd ulncD o hJ nfrsm;udk tpOfowd& v#u&f ydS gonf? a'guw f mode;f 0if; uG,v f eG t f edpaP &mufomG ;onft h wGuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyu f rdom;pkrsm;ESifhtwl xyfwlxyfr# 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ&yga=umif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf?

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a'gufwmodef;0if; (uav;òr ) touf (55) ESpf rH&k mG òrd ae (OD;bd-k a':oef;xdu k )f wd@k . om;/ uav;òrd ae (OD;bwif)-a':at;cifw@kd . om; oruf/ a':cifaqGwif. armif/ (OD;aZmf0if;)-a'guw f mcifrmwifw@kd . tud/k uav;òr d / anmifyifom&yf/ Adv k cf sKyv f rf;/ &wemyHx k q D ikd af e a':=unf=unfjrif. h cifyeG ;f / rrDrv D iG /f rrDrw D if/ rpENm0if;/ armifatmifjrifh ode;f / rcifoo l 0l if;wd@k . zcifonf 15-3-2006 &uf (Ak'[ < ;l ae@) rGe;f vGJ (2 ; 10) em&DwiG f &efuek af q;¶Hk opf }uD;Y uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygojzifh 19-3-2006 &uf (we*FaEGae@) eHeuf (11) em&DwiG f a&a0;okomefY rD;oò*õ[frnfjzpfygonf? use&f pforl o d m;pk

aA') bJ@G &cJo h nf? OD;jrif=h unfonf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,f rJqEN e,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;. aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfcJhonfh ,m,D tpdk;&v#Kd@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif oufqdkif&mrS zrf;qD; xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr (122) (1) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11) (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (2) &ufae@&ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (995) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;wGiyf g0if ,SOòf yid cf iG hf udkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w u 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4) &ufae wGif tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uHwu kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ uD;wGif a&S ajy;tjzpf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J . ,mOfwef;a&S rSóuw d ifxu G cf mG vmpOf uGyu f aJ &;pcef;tjzpf toH;k ðyxm; onfh qnfajrmif;0ef;a[mif;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH&I xdrk w S qifh a&$bakd xmifwiG f ajymif;a&$ xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (16) &ufae@wiG f a&$bakd xmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &; twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ f awmfudk,fpm; vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

5? uav;0òr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;wifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmifonf uav;0òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (9 141) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (45 ² 86) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? v,fa0;òrd@e,f/ óud yif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1933 ckESpf/ rwfv (14) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? tz OD;oef;ausm. f om;jzpfonf? OD;wifarmifonf aysmb f , G òf rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS &Spw f ef; atmifjrifcI hJ 1955 ckEpS f wGif udv k b H pkd rD u H ed ;f ynmawmfoiftjzpf =opa=w;vso@kd owWKw;l azmfa&;ynm oGm;a&muf oif=um;cJo h nf? 1975 ckEpS rf pS I uav;0ausmufr;D aoG;wGi;f (a=u;eDprD u H ed ;f )/ owWKwGi;f tif*sifeD,mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSxGuf+yD;/ uav;0òrd wGif pm;aomufqkdif vkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd ausmufrD;aoG;wGif;tvkyform;tpnf;t±Hk; OuUÏ/ uav;0òrd e,f tvkyo f rm;aumifpD tvkyt f r_aqmif/ a=u;eDprD u H ed ;f tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H;k OuUÏ/ 1988 ckEpS /f (1350 jynfEh pS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf gI (1) vausmx f efd ;f odr;f cHc&hJ onf? 6? uomòr e,frq J ENe,f?

OD;jrifh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrif=h unfonf uomòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (25 753) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 48) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHchJ &onf? tz OD;wifatmif/ trd a':cspfwkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? uomòrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;jrifh=unfonf i,fpOfu q&m}uD;OD;bkdeD tvGwfynmoifausmif;wGif (7)wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ uomòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) odk@ (8) wef;rS pwifajymif;a&$ ynmoif=um;cJh&m 1969 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? xkdrS &efukef wd&pd m> efarG;jrLa&;ESihf aq;ukoa&;wuUov kd o f @dk wufa&mufc+hJ y;D 1971 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESihf odyH` wuUov kd o f @kd ajymif;a&$ ynmoif=um;cJ&h m 1974 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESihf odyw H` uUov kd rf S odyH` (owW

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7? aumvif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;odef;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f ZHonf aumvif;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (29 986) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (73 ² 1) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1946 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (18)&ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? aumvif;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;boif .om; jzpfonf? OD;odef;ZHonf 1964 ckESpfwGif aumvif;òrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf 0ifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1962 ckEpS /f &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG f 'kw, d ESp0f Zd m wef;t+y;D Zlvikd t f a&;tcif; a=umifh ausmif;aecGifh &yfpJcHcJh&onf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd aumvif;òrd tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1969 ckESpfwGif wwd,ESpf jyefwufcJh+yD;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif 0dZ mbJG@/ 1977 ckEpS w f iG f r[m0dZm bJ@G / 1981 ckEpS f wGif rSwyf w kH ifa&S ae (tmt,fv)f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd usL&Sio f ifwef;rª;csKyf/ xd@k aemuf jru|e;f omvDrw D uf OD;aqmif'g±u dk w f mtjzpf aqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@'yD , J if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfymG ; t+y;D ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHchJ &&mrS 2003 ckEpS f Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G f onf? 8? uef@bvlòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odef;az/ woD;yk*~v? OD;ode;f azonf uef@bvlòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf hJ &m cdkifvHkrJ (17 364) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (47 ² 34) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1940

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&v D (5) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;boif.om; jzpfonf? [krv R if;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;ode;f azonf [krv R if;òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckEpS w f iG f wef;jrifah usmif;xGuf pmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif vufaxmufusef;rma&;rª;oifwef; atmifjrifonf? 1961 ckESpfrSpI usef;rma&;rª;tjzpf aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òrd e,f rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyo f nfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#K d 0Suf tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufco hJ jzifh oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;aemuf OD;ode;f az onf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&I jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'fr 11 (n) ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@ &ufpJG jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8) &ufae@wGifðyvkyfcJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; ðyaumfrwD yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS OD;odef;aztm; tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf?

a&$bòkd r d e,fw&m;¶H;k rS axmif'%f (3) v tjypfay;cJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS /f rwfv (8)&ufae@wiG f a&$bkd axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpf onf? 10? u|e;f vSòr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;}uD;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;}uD;armifonf u|e;f vSòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 729) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHchJ &onf? &rnf;oif;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f ckid /f trd a':,wd@k rS 1938 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;}uD;armifonf &rnf;oif;òrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifcI hJ &efuek w f uUov kd /f &efuif;aumvdyw f iG f OypmodyH` (u) wef;txd ynmoif=um; cJo h nf? 1957 ckEpS rf S 1959 ckEpS t f xd &efuek w f uUov kd /f ausmif;aqmifrsm;Xme/ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1959 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd wyfrawmf (=unf;) wGif wyfom;rSAv kd }f uD;tqifx h /d 1985 ckEpS w f iG f t+idr;f pm; ,lcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd cifOD;òrd e,fESifh u|ef;vSòrd e,frsm;wGif aumifpDOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?

9? uef@bvlòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmjrifhEdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmjrifhEkdifonf uef@bvlòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (30 628) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (75 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aZmf/ trd a':at;&ifwdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (6)&ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? a&$bòdk rd Zmwdjzpfonf? a'guw f mjrifEh idk o f nf a&$bòdk rd 'dik t f pdk ZD ifausmif;/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) ESihf trSwf (1) wk@d wiG f q,fwef;atmifonfxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1981 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;aq;wuUov dk rf S q&m0efb@GJ &cJo h nf? ud, k yf ikd f apwemaq;cef; zGiv hf pS af exkid cf hJ onf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG u f si;f yðyvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k & v#K d 0Suzf @GJ pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJI h oufqikd &f mu 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mvwGif zrf;qD; xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;twGuf a'guw f mjrifEh idk o f nf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&+yD; if;tm;jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122) (1) jzifh w&m;pGJum axmif'%f (25) ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2) &ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuf trSwf (995) jzifh jynfol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfryS ,fzsucf +hJ y;D aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf !f ah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1995 ckESpfwGif ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,f ,dkZdk,dkudkwmxH tif;pdefaxmifwGif;tajctaersm;tm; a&;om; ay;yd@k rj_ zifh aemufxyfjypf'%f (5) ESpf xyfw;kd cJ+h yD;/ o&uftusO;f axmifo@kd ajymif;a&$ cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30) &ufae@wGif axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 2004 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvqef;wGif a&$bdkòrd rS uef@bvlòr d od@k armfawmfqikd u f ,fjzifjh yefvmpOf uef@bvlòr d t0ifwiG f a'guw f mjrifEh ikd . f &yfxm;onfh qdik u f ,ftm; rde;f uav;wOD;.qdik u f ,frS 0ifwu kd rf o d nfwiG f tr_qifw&m;pGq J jkd cif;cHc&hJ +y;D / um,uH&iS f ud, k w f ikd rf S if;.trSm;jzpfojzifh ausat;v$mwifcahJ omfvnf; 2004 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wiG f

11? cifOD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifoed ;f onf cifO;D òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (15 367) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 ² 87) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? cifO;D òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? tz OD;zkef;armf.om; jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifodef;onf cifOD;òrd tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rE Wav; &wemyHkausmif;wkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhI q,fwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; rE Wav;0dZ mESifh ody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H ("mwkaA') bJG@&cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S aepmar;yJGatmifjrifI rE Wav;òrd wGif a&S aevku d cf o hJ nf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f a':pef;pef;0if; (&rf;jA)J ESihf vufxyfI om;ESpaf ,mufxeG ;f um;onf? 1983 ckESpfwGif A[kdw&m;±Hk;a&S aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJh I w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S aetjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? OD;cifarmifoed ;f onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG f usi;f yðyvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k & v#K d 0Suzf @GJ pnf; a&; tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcI hJ oufqikd &f mrSzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya' 11 (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuv f u dk af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wGif a=unmonf? aemifusif;yðyvkyfrnfh a&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? e0wrS if;tm; 1992 ckEpS /f ZGev f (2) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

12? cifOD;òr e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;aomif;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;jrifhonf cifOD;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðy I 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14 267) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (60 ² 17) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1949 ckEpS /f {+yv D (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? tz OD;bkad u. om;jzpfonf? ydef;ZvkyfZmwdjzpfonf? OD;aomif;jrifhonf ydef;Zvkyftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ anmifav;yifòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ r*Fvmawmif!$ef@ (1) vli,fa&;&mnausmif;wkd@wGif ynm oif=um;cJh+yD;/ q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ mESifh ody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ mbGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZ mbJG@wdk@udk&&SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif a':cifESif;a0 (cifOD;) ESifhvufxyfI om;orD; (5) OD; xGe;f um;onf? w&m;±H;k csKyaf &S aetjzpfvu kd yf g aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbm v (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm; aetdrfwGif usif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;& v#Kd 0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI ouf qdkif&mrS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf OD;aomif;jrifhonf jypfr_qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr (122) (1) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11) (n) ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuv f u dk af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (996) jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifusif;y ðyvkyfrnfh a&G;aumufyGJ rsm;wGifyg0if,SOfòydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0wrS if;tm; 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4) &ufae wGif tif;pdefaxmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?

cHc&hJ onf? rE aW v;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckEpS /f rwfv (10) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;awaemif. orD;jzpfonf? a':q,fq,fonf rE aW v;yJu G ek ;f tvGwyf nmoifausmif;rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef;udk (c) tqifjh zifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS w f iG f OD;apmol0%fEiS v hf ufxyfI cE @W ;D òrd od@k ajymif;a&G aexdik cf hJ onf? &Sr;f pum;ESiehf m*pum;udk u|r;f usipf mG wwfajrmufonf? 1978 ckEpS rf pS I cE ;DW òrd e,f/ rdcifEiS hf uav;apmifha&Smufa&;tzJGwGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1 425) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?

13? acsmif;OD;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;tHh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tH=h unfonf acsmif;OD;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (26 107) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 79) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1922 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? acsmif;OD;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb .om; jzpfonf? OD;tH=h unfonf 'orwef;ESit hf xufwef;q&mjzpfoifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1938 ckESpf/ wwd,wuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfwGif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfI ausmif;om;b0uyif 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k od@k 0ifco hJ nf? 1300 jynft h a&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifcI hJ acsmif;OD; òrd 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;ESihf &efukefXmecsKyf/ trSwf (76)/ a&ausmfvrf;wGif EdkifiHa&;aqmif&Gufr_rsm; ðyvkycf o hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;tóuu d mv awmfveS af &;wGiyf g0ifcI hJ vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &cJhonf? 1956 ckESpfwGif acsmif;OD;òrd e,frS yrnwygvDreftrwftjzpf ta&G;cs,fcH&onf?

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1425) (1360 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 6 &uf) ta=umif;t&m?

? a':q,fq,ftm; ppfudkif;wdkif;/ cE WD;òr e,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&ol tjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / cE ;DW òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH xm;&ol a':q,fq,fu rdro d nf ,cktcg use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef ,if;.qEN tav#muf Taumfr&Sifodk@ wifjycJhygonf? 2? txufyg a':q,fq,f.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD a':q,fq,ftm; ,ae@rpS I cE ;DW òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

a':q,fq,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':q,fq,fonf cE ;DW òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (3 332) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (46 ² 63) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;

15? igef;ZGefòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cspfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspcf ikd o f nf ige;f ZGeòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 881) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (78 ² 85) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

140

14? cE WD;òr e,frJqENe,f?

139

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

cHc&hJ onf? 1930 jynfEh pS /f {+yv D (4) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifc.om; jzpfonf? OD;cspcf idk o f nf bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;wGif rlv"rRmp&d,ajzqdak tmifjrifco hJ nf? ige;f ZGeòf r d wGif a':vSvES iS v hf ufxyfonf? qDpufvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd I f toufarG;onf? ige;f ZGeòf r d e,f/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª; wm0ef,lcJhonf?

18? ppfudkif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmcifarmifaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmcifarmifaqGonf ppfudkif;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH (J 48 523) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 0) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1953 ckEpS /f arv (11) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f az. om; jzpfonf? a'gufwmcifarmifaqGonf &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&cJhonf? aq;wuUodkvf ausmif;om;b0wGif wuUov kd rf eG t f oif;/ aq;wuUov kd rf *~Zif;aumfrwDw@dk wiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0eftoif; (rk'Hk)wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;/ b¾ma&;rª;/ wkdif;&if;aq; ynmoifwef;/ =uufajceDoifwef;wd@k wiG f oifwef;enf;jy/ rD;axmifacsmufxeG ;f n jd cif;pcef;ESihf w&m; pcef;wd@k wiG f tcrJah q;cef;zGiv hf pS u f n l cD o hJ nf?

16? igef;ZGefòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;csKdvd_if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csdKv_difonf igef;ZGefòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (18 480) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (71 ² 97) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1961 ckEpS /f {+yDv (10) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? ige;f ZGeòf rd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jroef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;csKv d id_ o f nf 1983 ckEpS w f iG f tajccHynmtxufwef;udv k nf;aumif;/ 1986 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S ae pmar;yGu J v kd nf;aumif;/ 1987 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;wuUov kd f pmay;pm,l oifwef;rS odyH` ("mwkaA't"du) bJ@G uv kd nf;aumif; ajzqkad tmifjrifco hJ nf? txufwef;a&S aetjzpf vdu k yf gaqmif&u G o f nf? ige;f ZGeòf rd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òrd e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0if tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya' yk'rf (5) (n) jzifh e0wu 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (16) &ufae wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD; 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25) &ufae wGif tusOf;axmifrS jyefv$wf ay;cJhonf? 17? ppfudkif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD; oD[ol& pdk;odrf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) Adv k rf ;ª }u;D oD[ol&pd;k odr;f (t+ird ;f pm;) onf ppfuikd ;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (37 037) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ &mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 18) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1927 ckEpS /f ZGev f (19) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? ppfuikd ;f òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aZ,sm.om;jzpfonf? Adv k rf ;ª }uD;oD[ol&pd;k odr;f (t+idr;f pm;) onf ppfuikd ;f òrd trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfuikd ;f òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f q,fwef;txdynmoif=um; cJo h nf? ausmif;aepOf OD;armif}u;D xlaxmifonfh taysmw f rf;&Jwyfz@GJ wiG f &J!eG @f tjzpfyg0ifco hJ nf? 1946 ckESpfwGif ppfudkif;c±dkif jynfol@&JabmfwyfzJG@ jyef=um;a&;rª;/ 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd ppfukdif;c±dkif qkd&S,fvpfygwD twGif;a&;rª;/ z-q-y-v tr_aqmif/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd wyfrawmfwGif wyfom;tqifrh S (=unf;-6073) Adv k rf ;ª }uD;tqifx h d ppfqifa&;}uD;rsm;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? &ef}uD;atmif w±kwjf zLppfqifa&;wGif pGr;f pGr;f wrHaqmif&u G rf a_ =umifh oD[ol&bJ@G wq H yd cf s;D jri jhf cif;cH&onf? ppfqifa&; wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif&if; ppfawG ar,kc±dik f cvuOuUÏ/ jynfc±dik f cvuOuUÏ/ yJc;l c±dik f cvuOuUÏ/ &Sr;f jynfe,f tm;§um OuUÏ/ rauG;wdik ;f wvu OuUÏ/ vrf;pOfygwD A[kad umfrwD0if/ rauG;wdik ;f a'o ygwDaumfrwD OuUÏ/ A[dkaumfrwDXmecsKyf twGif;a&;rª;rsm;tzJG@. twGif;a&;rª;/ 1977 ckESpfwGif wwd,t}urd yf gwn D v D mcHut kd a=umif;ðyI tjcm;A[dak umfrwD0iftrsm;tjym;ESihf twl ygww D m0efrS &yfpjJ cif;cHc&hJ onf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G wiG f A[dak umfrwD0if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f A[kdOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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19? qm;vif;}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf qm;vif;}uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (18 126) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (77 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;boef;/ trd a':&Sdefwdk@rS 1926 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? qm;vif;}u;D òr d e,f/ qm;xH;k Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf qm;xH;k &Gm tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rH&k mG òr d t*Fvyd -f jrefrm Ak'b < momtxufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f tajccHynm oif=um;+y;D aemuf 1950-51 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov dk rf S 0dZm bJ@G &cJo h nf? 1943 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd tm&Svil ,f ^m%Avr ;/ 1945 ckEpS w f iG f tajrmuf}uD;wyfEiS w hf zJG ufI awmfveS af &;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1948-49 ckEpS /f oxHak qmifo[m,ESiphf mzwftoif; OuUÏ/ 1950-51 ckEpS w f iG f w-u-o tr_aqmif/ owWaA'ESifh obm0wWtoif; OuUÏ/ csif;wGif;toif; (&efukef) twGif;a&;rª;/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd tvkyform;!¸ef±Hk; zsefajza&;t&m&Sd/ 'ktaxGaxGrefae*sm/ tvkyform;t&m&Sd (txl; wm0ef) acsmufEiS ahf &eHacsmif;a&eHajr/ 1959 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd vlrz_ v l aH_ &;tzJ@G tkycf sKyfa&;t&m&S/d 'kwd,taxGaxGrefae*sm/ taxGaxGrefae*sm/ *sDeDAm tkdift,fvftdknDvmcHtygt0if EdkifiHaygif; (15) EkdifiHokd@ oGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf? A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvf/ tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf (11) wufcI hJ A[kt d vkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H;k OD;pD;tzJ@G 0ifjzpfco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tvkyf orm; tzJJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':trm&DESifh om;orD; (5) a,muf&Sdonf? 20? qm;vif;}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdef&H/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pde&f o H nf qm;vif;}uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14 092) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (65 ² 78) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1922 ckEpS /f rwfv (7) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb;dk .om;jzpfonf? OD;pde&f o H nf qm;vif;}u;D usm;wuf&mG tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ rH&k mG òr d OD;bd;k 'ifausmif;/ 0ufpvD tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif; rH&k mG òr d wk@d wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1959 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov dk 0f ifwef;udk tvGwaf jzqkd

142

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bJ@G (tvGwaf jz) &cJo h nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;'Dyvkrd mudk pmay;pm,ljzif&h cJo h nf? 1953 ckEpS rf S 1956 ckEpS t f xd qm;vif;}u;D / qHw k m;ESihf usm;wuftpd;k & rlvwef; ausmif;rsm;wGif rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1957 ckEpS rf S 1964 ckEpS t f xd wm[ef (uav;) ESihf usm;wuf (qm; vif;}u;D ) tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd usm;wuf tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?

1986 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (26) &ufae@wiG f rdrq d ENtavsmuf t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D Y wyfr; a[mif; (85) OD;wGif yg0ifonf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm; tzJ@G A[dak umfrwD0if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDwiG f wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf+idrf;csrf;a&;Edkb,fvfqk&onfudk axmufcHcJhojzifh 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f I axmif'%f (7) ESpf csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? xd@k aemuf 1995 ckEpS /f azazmf 0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfvw G af jrmufco hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (7) &ufae@wiG f 'kw, d t}urd f xyfrzH rf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / axmif'%f (7) ESp/f csKyf&uf (7) v aygi;f (7) ESpf (7) v jypf '%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? vGw&f ufaph+y;D aemuf (2) v oH;k }urd f yk'rf 10 (u) jzifh (6) v jypf'%fowfrw S f cHcJh&+yD;/ aemufxyf yk'fr 10 (u) jzifh jypf'%f (1) ESpf xyfrHwdk;jr ifhowfrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf yk'rf 10 (u) jzifyh if jypf'%f (1) ESpw f ;kd jri u hf scaH pcJ&h &mrS oH;k vt=um 2004 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (19) &ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufonf? 2005 ckESpf/ rwfv (17) &ufae@wGif OD;ausmq f ef;.aetdrjf cH0if;twGi;f rS om;jzpfol udak usmrf sK;d Edik . f rdwaf qGrS vmxm;onfh 'DaubDat tzGJ@rSydkifqdkifonfh xdkif;EdkifiHrS w&m;r0ifwifoGif;vmonfhypPnf;rsm;awG@&Sdr_jzifh &efukefòrd aetdrfrS xyfrHzrf;qD;oGm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ tif;pdefòrd e,fw&m;¶Hk;wGif tr_&ifqdkifpOf OD;ausmfqef;.a&S aebufrS tr_wiG t f "duta&;ygonfo h ufaorsm;jzpfaom 'DaubDattzG@J rS Adv k rf ;ª apmcspo f El iS hf Adv k rf ;ª apmrif; rl;/ u,ef;a'o zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;tzGJ@ txl;a'o (1) pDyGm;a&;wm0efcHOD;!Gef@vGifwdk@tm; w&m;cHjy oufaotjzpf qifah c:ay;&efwifjycsut f m; w&m;¶H;k rS vufrcHy,fcsc+hJ y;D / 2005 ckEpS /f ZGev f (6) &uf ae@wiG f tif;pdeòr d e,fw&m;¶H;k rS 1947 ckEpS /f oGi;f ukef xkwu f ek , f m,DtufOya' yk'rf 5 (3) jzifh axmif '%f (7) ESpf csrSwfcJhonf? OD;ausmfqef;ydkifum;tm; EdkifiHydkifodrf;qnf;cJhonf?

21? wrl;òr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;axmifcdkxef;/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;axmifcx kd ef;onf wrl;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (8 939) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (35 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;&efcv kd eG ;f / trd a':vdi_ cf u kd si;f wd@k rS 1951 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? wrl;òr d e,f/ pHuyfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;axmifcx kd ef;onf jynfawmfom aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ wrl;òr d / tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;ESihf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efuek òf r d tvHk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1)/ =unfjh rifwikd f (xD;wef;)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ &efukef0dZ mESifh ody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif 0dZ mbGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif a':vdi_ rf eG Ef iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? ukeo f nfvyk if ef;jzifh toufarG;onf? awmifwef;om;rsm; 'Dru kd &ufwpf ygwDwGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11) &ufae@wGif e0wtrdef@ trSwf (7§92) jzifh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; zsufodrf;cJhonf? odk@ twGuf OD;axmifcdkxef;onf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;I woD;yk*~vtoGifodk@a&muf&SdfoGm;cJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&v D (27) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;rS tzG@J 0ifopftjzpf vufcHcJhonf? 22? wef@qnfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;ausmfqef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }u;D ausmq f ef; (t+ird ;f pm;) (=unf;-7619) onf wef@qnfòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid t f a&G;cs,cf cH &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 862) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (78 ² 69) jzifh ta&G;cs,cf cH &hJ onf? ppfuikd ;f òr@d e,f/ usm;rif;}u;D aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1932 ckESpf/ ZGefv (17) &ufae@wGif tz OD;vmjr/ trd a':tkef;cifwkd@rSarG;zGm;onf? 'kAdkvfr ;}uD;ausmfqef; (t+ird ;f pm;) onf 1949 ckEpS w f iG f omrefwyfom;b0ESihf oeu (1) ok@d 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS w f iG f Auye,fajr/ bk&m;awmifwu dk yf w JG iG f aoewf'%f&m&cJo h nf? 1957-1958 ckEpS w f iG f jyefwrf;0ift&m&S/d 1958 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd cv& (1) aejynfawmfppfXmecsKyf (&efukef)/ cr& (102)/ cr& (108)/ &wc§vu& (1)/ cv& (21)/ ryc§cr& (11)/ cv& (36) wkd@wGif wyfpkr ;/ wyfcJGr ;/ ppfOD;pD;r ; (wwd,wef;)/ wyfcrGJ ; (Akv d rf ; )/ ppfO;D pD;r ; ('kw, d wef;) ESihf wyf&if;r ;wm0eftxd/ 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }u;D b0ESihf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

143

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144

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

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OD;aomif;azqdo k El iS hf &Jpcef;rSorl sm;onf armfawmf,mOfrsm;jzifh a&mufvm=uum um;[Ge;f rsm;udk us,af vmifpmG wD;I/ w&m;Oya't&vdt k yfaom jcw H iG ;f / tdrw f iG ;f / 0ifa&muf&mS azGEikd cf iG hf 0&rf;rygb/J jcHpnf;¶dk;rsm;udktwif;ausmfwufum tdrfxJ&Sdvlrsm;udk Ed_;ygonf[k =um;od&ygonf? 2// tdr&f iS rf sm;u ntcsed rf awmfjzpfI tdro f m;ESpOf ;D om&Sad oma=umifh vHðk caH &;pdwrf cs&ojzifh eHeufvif; rS vma&muf=u&efajymjy+yD; tdrfwHcg;rsm;udkzGifhray;yg? xdktcg jcH0if;odk@ twif;usL;ausmf0ifvm olw@kd u tdrw f cH g;r}uD;ESijhf ywif;aygurf sm;udk jyif;xefpmG xk¶u dk Ef u S v f su/f wHcg;r}uD;udk oHw&l iG ;f jzifh xd;k aumftwif;zGi=hf uonf[k owif;&&Syd gonf// zGiI hf r&aomtcg tdru f v kd n S yhf wfum rd;k vif;onf txdxk¶kdufESuf+yD; zkef;vdkif;udkvnf; udkufjzwfypfvdkuf=uygonf[k =um;od&ygonf// 3// 7-9-98 &ufae@ eHeufr;kd vif;onft h cg wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;trSwf (6) rS Adv k }f uD;&Jausmo f l qdo k l OD;aqmifonfh &yfuu G af t;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifprD S OD;aomif;azqdo k El iS /hf tjcm; t&yf0wf (5) OD;cef@ OD;ausmq f ef;.aetdro f @kd xyfraH &muf&v dS m=u+y;D w&m;0ifzrf;qD;0&rf;rygbJ OD;ausmf qef;tm; zrf;qD;ac:aqmifoGm;cJh=uygonf// 4// wzef xdkae@ 7-9-98 &ufae@n (21 ;20)em&Dcef@wGif wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf (6) rS Adv k }f uD;wOD;/ &Jtyk w f OD;/ &J=uyfwOD;/ axmufvrS ;f a&; (6)rS q&m^m%farmifqo kd w l @kd a&mufvm=u+yD; wHcg;udktwif; zGifhcdkif;um/ Oya'ESifhtnD&SmazGrdef@ cGifhðycsuf0&rf;rygbJ/ pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk xkwfay;ygqdkojzifh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udkxkwfay;&onf[k =um;od&ygonf// 5// xdo k @kd tdr&f iS rf u xkwaf y;onfukd 0ifa&mufvmolw@kd ura=ueyfojzif/h wtdrv f ;kH tdy, f mae&m/ rSefbD¶kd/ tcef;tm;vHk;rusef ajAmif;qefatmif&SmazG=uI/ aowWm}uD;i,ftm;vHk;zGifhcdkif;ojzifh vuf0wfvufpm;xnfx h m;onfh aowWmi,frsm;ygrusef &SmazG=uonf[k =um;od&ygonf// 6// 4if;jyif qufq&H mwGif tvGe¶f ikd ;f pdik ;f +yD;/ OD;ausmq f ef; ('kAv kd rf ;ª }uD;tjzpfjzif)h ppfO;D pD;wuUov kd o f if wef;wufa&mufcphJ Ofu/ rdru d , kd af &;rSww f rf;rsm;twGuf w¶dw k aoodr;f xm;aompmtky/f pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ rSwpf k ponfw@kd ukd rodr;f &ef/ r,l&efawmif;yefaeonf=h um;rS ¶dik ;f yswek @f jyefrnfh tðytrljzifh odr;f qnf;,lomG ;=uygonf// xdyk pPn;f rsm;udk ay;tyfvu kd yf gonf[k tdr&f iS rf tm; vufrw S t f wif;xd;k cdik ;f &m/ tyfEw HS mr[kwf odr;f qnf;,laqmifomG ;onf[o k m vufrw S af &;xd;k ay;vdu k fonf[k =um; od&ygonf? 7// 19-9-98 &ufae@u OD;ausmfqef;u vdktyfonfhypPnf;rsm;udk wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&; trSwf (6) odk@ vma&mufay;ydk@&efrSm=um;ojzifh rdom;pkuoGm;a&mufydk@&mwGif if;tm; tif;pdefwGJbuf tusOf;axmifodk@ ydk@vdkuf+yDjzpfI ypPnf;rsm;udkrydk@EdkifbJ jyef,lcJh=u&onf[k =um;od&ygonf? 8// xdu k o hJ @kd tdrjf cHwiG ;f 0ifa&mufciG ðhf yrde@f r&Sb d J jcHuu kd sL;ausm0f ifa&mufjcif;onf ydik ef ufusL;vGeo f nfh jypfr_ajrmufjcif; ðy&ma&mufonfhjyif/ w&m;0if&SmazGcGifh/ zrf;qD;ac:aqmifcGifhtrdef@rygbJ/ twif; t=uyfðyrl&m a&mufojzifh tav;teufuef@uu G v f u kd yf gonf// 9// aemufta=umif;t&mwckrSm 11-9-98 &ufae@wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkvli,f taxmuftultzG@J 0if rcifrrd cd ikd o f nf tzG@J csKyf¶;kH rS naeydik ;f rdrad etdro f @kd jyefomG ;cJyh gonf// tdro f @kd jyefra&mufrD/ '*Hkòrd opf (ajrmufydkif;) wGif todrdwfaqGtdrfwtdrfodk@acwW0ifa&muf+yD;/ xdktdrfrS jyefxu G v f mpOf/ vrf;ckvwf '*Hòk rd opf (ajrmufyikd ;f ) &Sd rE aW v;vrf;ray:wGif wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f

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145

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0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (22 591) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 ² 26) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? xD;csKid òhf r@d e,f/ uef;eD&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspaf qG/ trd a':wif=unfw@dk rS 1947 ckEpS /f atmufwdkbmv (20) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmf0if;onf rE Wav;0dZ mESifh ody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H ("mwkaA') bJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif Akdvfavmif;oifwef;trSwfpOf (49) odk@ wufa&muf atmifjrifc+hJ y;D jyefwrf;0ift&m&S/d 1975 ckEpS w f iG f ol&aJ umif;rSww f rf;0if/ 1977 ckEpS w f iG f Akv d }f u;D tqifh wyfcrGJ ; / 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f rdrq d ENtavsmuf wyfrawmfrES w _ x f u G cf o hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd awmifilòrd e,f ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@wGif 'kwd,OuUÏ/ OuUÏ (,m,D) ponfjzifh aqmif&GufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pkdufysKd;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;jzihf toufarG;onf?

2// (u) OD;ausmfqef;ESifhywfoufI tm%mydkifrsm;.vkyfaqmifcsufrSm tmCmw tvGef}uD;rm;pGm xm;&Sd+yD; tm%mudk w&m;Oya'rJhtvGeftoHk;ðyvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf// (c) rcifrrd cd ikd Ef iS yhf wfoufI tm%mydik rf sm;.vkyaf qmifcsurf mS jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ xH;k wrf;pOf vmudk csK;d zJv h u kd +f yD;/ trsK;d orD;i,fwOD;ud/k tm%mydik t f rsK;d om;wpku/ vrf;ay:wGif zrf;qD;ac:aqmif oGm;jcif;rSm vH;k 0roifah vsmo f nfu h pd P jzpfonf// A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf &efuek òf rd 1360 jynfhESpf/ owif;u|wfvqef; (2) &uff 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (22) &uf

25? 'DyJ,if;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;bdkarmif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bkdarmif;onf 'DyJ,if;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (18 454) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (77 ² 48) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 'DyJ,if;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1310 ck e,kefvqef; (14) &ufzGm;/ tz OD;bkd;&Sif/ trd a':csrf;jzLwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ arv (21) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bdkarmif;onf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S odyb H` @GJ ukd 1969 ckEpS w f iG f vnf;aumif;/ pm&if;udik 'f yD vdrk mudk 1975 ckEpS w f iG v f nf; aumif;/ rSwfyHkwifa&S ae (R.L) pmar;yJGudk oufaocHOya'*k%fxl;jzifh 1978 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif; toD;oD;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd or0g,r tvkyo f ift&m&S/d ti,fwef; refae*sm/ or0g,rynmay;pmtkyf (2) tkyf a&;om;cJo h nf? 1983 ckEpS w f iG f or0g,rvkyif ef;rS tem; ,lI a&S aevkyif ef;jzift h oufarG;onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òrd@e,facgif;aqmifwm0ef,lI òrd@e,fvHkðcHa&;/ ukefoG,f o§r rysufpD;atmifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh ygwaD umifprD yS *k Kd~ vw f @dk .aetdrrf sm;udk yk*Kd~ vaf &;t& taESmift h ,Sut f zsut f qD;r&Sad p&ef xde;f odr;f a&; wd@k ukd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? OD;bkad rmif;onf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf (143) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11) (É) ESif h+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufa=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuftrSwf (984) jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif (10) ESpftwGif;ðyvkyfrnfh a&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOfòydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30) &ufae@ 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vkyf=uH wdu k cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D wGif a&S ajy;tjzpf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J . ,mOfwef;a&S rS óuw d ifxu G f cGmvmpOf uGyfuJa&;pcef;tjzpftoHk;ðyxm;onfh qnfajrmif;0ef;a[mif;wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif; cHcJh&onf?

23? wef@qnfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;azoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;azoef;onf wef@qnfòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (16 387) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (66 ² 23) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? wef@qnfòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHarmif/ trd a':at;cifw@dk rS 1943 ckEpS /f rwfv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? OD;azoef;onf wef@qnfòr d tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ ZD;uke;f tpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ a&$bòdk rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf rE aW v;wuUov dk w f @kd wiG f 0dZm bJ@G &onf txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rE Wav;òrd q&mjzpfoifausmif;odk@ wuf a&mufco hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd wef@qnfòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef; jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhI 1985 ckESpfwGif wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd òrd@e,f*DwaumifpDwGif OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 24? xD;csKdifhòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;ausmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm0f if;onf xD;csKid rhf q J ENe,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI

26? 'Dy, J if;òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;0if;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;jrifhatmifonf 'DyJ,if;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf udk,fpm;ðy Ita&G;cs,fcHcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (17 448)/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef; (70 ² 50) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1955 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? tzOD;bkdpdef.om;/ OD;0if;jrifh

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147

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

atmifonf pdik jf yifaus;&Gm tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;ESihf wGb J uftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}u;D em; aumvdy/f rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd w f @kd wiG f odyH` (±kuaQ A') bJ@G &onftxdynm oif=um;cJo h nf? 1979 ckEpS rf pS I rdbydik q f efpuf/ qDpufw@kd wiG f 0ifa&mufvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif pkid jf yifaus;&Gm wGiOf ;D aqmifI ukeo f , G v f ,f&mydik f pyg;ESpaf omif; ausmfudkvnf;aumif;/ jynfolydkiftaqmuftODrsm;udkvnf;aumif; umuG,fapmifha&SmufcJhonf? 'Dy, J if;òr d e,f/ pkid jf yifaus;&GmwGiaf eonf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (22) &ufae@wiG f tm%mydik rf sm;rS axmif '%f (2) ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfcJh&m 2004 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25) &ufae@wGif a&$bdkaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf?

&ufae@wGif a=unmcsufxkwfjyefcJhonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf tdENd,EdkifiHodk xGufcGmvmcJh+yD; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &ESihf yl;aygi;f cJo h nf? ,ck tdE, N Ekid if w H iG f aexkid o f nf?

27? eef;,Gef;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;ausmfarmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;ausmfarmifonf eef;,Gef;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (1 146) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (74 ² 22) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (10) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? eef;,Gef;òrd e,f/ 'HkwD;aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;auyH. k om; jzpfonf? OD;ausmaf rmifonf 'H[ k ed ;f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ cE ;DW òrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xm;0,fòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ aumhu&dwfòrd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (10) wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@ }uD;=uyfa&;rª;¶Hk; v#Kd 0Sufpma&;/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf (22) odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd eef;,Gef;òrd e,fa&;&mrª;/ wdkif;jynfol@ aumifp0D if/ òr d e,fygw, D el pftwGi;f a&;rª;/ 1985 ckEpS w f iG f jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG rS ESpjf ynfyh ifpif,cl o hJ nf? wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygww D iG f òrd e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 28? ykvJòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdeo f nf ykvòJ rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 874) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 88) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr muf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz ODbaxG;/ trd a':r_w H @dk rS 1950 jynfEh pS /f {+yDv (16) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? ykvJòrd e,f/ ukuUdKpkaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf pmar;yJu G kd ,if;rmyifòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf ykvòJ r d e,f/ anmifuikd ;f aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; ESihf 0rf;bJcsKid ahf us;&Gmtkypf /k ydawmufukef;aus;&Gmtpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ rdrdqENtavsmuf Ekwf xGufcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd armfawmf,mOfajy;qJGjcif;vkyfief;udk vkyfukdifvsuf ykvòJ r d e,f/ urf;a'giahf us;&GmwGiaf exdik cf o hJ nf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdet f m; pifòyid t f pd;k &zG J pnf;I Edik if aH wmf udak wmfveS yf ek u f ef&ef/ Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaom aomif;use;f oltzG J tpnf; rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;jcif;/ ykefuef&ef tzGJ tpnf;rsm;zGJ pnf;jcif;rsm;a=umifh[k ta=umif;jyI a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11)/ yk'frcJG (1) ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr mufoltjzpfrS y,fzsuf a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)

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29? ykvJòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmwifhaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mwifah qGonf ykvòJ r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (12 693) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (61 ² 15) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bcsKd (ajrwdkif;t+idrf;pm;)/ trd a':cifcifwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (8) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? ykvòJ rd e,f/ rif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'guw f mwifah qGonf 1972 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;aq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f a': jrjrat;ESiv hf ufxyfI om;orD; (5) OD;xGe;f um;onf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd rH&k mG / òr d om (ige;f ZGe)f / ppfuikd ;f / ykvEJ iS hf [de;f ZJ owWKwGi;f wk@d wiG f wm0efu f sq&m0eftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f tpd;k &tr_xrf;tjzpfrS EkdifiHa&;vkyf&ef[laomta=umif;jycsufjzifh EkwfxGufcJhonf? a'gufwmwifhaqGtm; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S pifòydit f pk;d &zJ@G pnf;I Ekid if aH wmftm;awmfveS yf ek u f ef&ef/ Edik if aH wmftm;vufeufuidk pf u GJ ikd f awmfveS yf ek u f efaom aomif;use;f oltzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo, G yf ;l aygif;jcif;/ ykefuef&ef tzJG@tpnf;rsm;zJG@pnf;jcif;wdk@a=umifh a&G;aumufyJG@Oya' yk'fr (10) yk'frcJG (1) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&oltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f ,lxm;onfw h m0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (24) &uf ae@pyJG gpmtrSwf 758§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwðf yxm; jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? a'guw f mwifah qGonf tdE, dN Edik if o H kd xGucf mG vmcJ+h y;D jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &ESiyhf ;l aygi;f cJo h nf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &0ef}uD;csKyf±;kH 0ef}uD; (taemufzufa'o) tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifv#uf&Sdonf? ,ck tdENd,EkdifiHwGifaexkdifonf? 30? yifvnfbl;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;jrat; (Aef;armfa&$ndK)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrat;onf yifvnfb;l òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (25 497) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (72 ² 69) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? Aef;armfòrd e,f/ aemifckdaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH&(Arm)/ trd a':av; (&Sr;f ) wk@d rS 1930 jynfEh pS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;jrat;onf 1956 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI Aef;armfa&$ndKuavmiftrnfjzifh 0w K/ uAsm/ aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJh+yD; 1977 ckESpfwGif c&D;wpfxGm/ wdkufyJGwpf&m 0w Kwkdaygif;csKyfpmtkyfudk xkwfcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd vlxyk nma&;rª; (vlr0_ efxrf;rª;) 0rf;bJtif; (yJc;l )/ yifvnfb;l / tif;awmf/ azmif;jyif/ uif;wyf (armfvu dk )f / uom? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jy ausmif;q&m/ yifvnf;bl;ESifh

150

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

0ef;odk tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf (9) odk@ wuf a&mufcJh+yD;aemuf 0ef;odkòrd e,fygwD,lepf pnf;rª;/ 1967 ckESpf wGif enf;jyoifwef;trSwfpOf (4) odk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; Aeo/ Aewwkd@wGif vufaxmufuxdu/ 1973 ckESpfwGif prf;acsmif;òrd e,f w&m; ol}uD;tzJG@ OuUÏ/ tvkyform; ta&;tcif;tr_wckrS pmayAdrmefyHkESdyfwdkuf w&m;cHajcmufOD;tm; w&m;aov$wfcJhojzifh ygwDrS ac:,lppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;cH&+yD;/ 1976 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif ygwDrS xkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jy ausmif;q&m/ oefvsif tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) ESihf prf; acsmif; tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1)/ 1983 ckEpS w f iG f vkyfoufjynfh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS Ekwf xGufcJhonf? ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ atmufwdk bmv (1) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1407) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? ZeD;rSm a':wifOD;jzpf+yD; om;orD;ckepfa,muf xGef;um;cJhonf?

31? azmif;jyifòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifaomif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifaomif;onf azmif;jyifòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 835) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 31) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1955 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? azmif;jyifòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;uHwif. h om; jzpfonf? OD;atmifaomif;onf azmif;jyifòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif tajccHynm txufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1979 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd azmif;jyifòrd@e,f or0g,rwGif tjcm;tqifh (c)/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd t&efygwD0if/ apwemh0efxrf; t&efrD;owfwyfzJG@ wyf=uyftqif/h òr@d rvlra_ &;tzJ@G b¾ma&;r ;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfykH }uD;wGif 'Dru kd a&pDwu dk yf 0GJ ifa&;tzJ@G owif;ESijhf yef=um;a&;wm0efct H jzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? azmif;jyif òrd e,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef ,lcJhonf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1407) (1360 jynfhESpf/ oDwif;u|wfvqef; 11 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 1 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;jrat;tm; ppfudkif;wdkif;/ yifvnfbl;òr e,f jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH xm; &oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGihfðyjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / yifvnfb;l òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqEN e,ftwGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&ol OD;jrat;u rdro d nf Edik if aH &;avmuESihf qufo, G v f yk af qmif&ef pdwrf &Sad wmhIvnf;aumif;/ vl@abmifu+kd i;D aiG@+y;D omoemhabmifo@kd 0ifa&mufc+hJ yD;jzpfIvnf;aumif; rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJhygonf? 2? txufyg OD;jrat;.wifjycsuft& Taumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11/ yk'frcGJ (i) ESifhtnD OD;jrat;tm; ,ae@rSpI yifvnfbl;òrd e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

32? Aef;armufòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;b+idrf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;b+idr;f onf Aef;armufòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 889) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 0ef;odòk rd / *sK;d axmif&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;'Ge;f / trd a':rGew f @dk rS 1917 ckEpS /f ZGev f (22) &uf ae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;b+idrf;onf Aef;armufòrd / jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1947 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS t f xd Aef;armufòr d e,f z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,f=uH@cdkifa&;tzJG@ aiGxdef;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif om;zGm;aq;cef;aqmufvkyfa&;tzJG@ aiGxdef;/ 1967 ckEpS w f iG f òr d r tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD aiGxed ;f / 1971 ckEpS w f iG f òr d OD; apwD uke;f wHwidk ;f jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD aiGxed ;f tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ukeo f nfvyk if ef;jzifh touf arG;onf? 1997 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (21) &ufae@xw k f tpd;k &ydik o f wif;pmwGif azmfjyxm;csuu f u kd ;kd um;I ¶du k w f mowif;XmerS 21-8-97 &ufae@ owif;w&yfwiG f ta,muf (40) ajrmuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufoljzpfa=umif; azmfjycJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (29) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk,fpm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

151

33? bkwvifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;[Homjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;[Homjrifo h nf bkwvifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 645) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80 ² 85) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;odef;azjrifh (pma&;q&m/ uG,fvGef)/ trd a':cif=unf=unf (t+idrf;pm;/ &efuek w f uUov kd f ¶lyaA'Xme) wd@k rS 1948 ckEpS /f arv (7) &ufae@wiG f &efuek òf r d Y arG;zGm;cJo h nf? zcif

152

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

OD;ode;f azjrifrh mS bkwvifòr d Zmwdjzpf+y;D / 1956 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f wGi;f bkwvifòr d e,frq J ENe,frS jynfo@l n! D w G af &;trsK;d om;wyfaygi;f pk (y-r-n-w) ud, k pf m;ðy jynfo@l vw $ af wmftrwfjzpfco hJ nf? OD;[Homjrifo h nf 1953 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd &efuek òf r d / omoemh&yd o f m&yfuu G f r[m"rRm¶Hk ausmif; 0if;twGi;f &Sd jrLeDpyD g,rf v l wef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; xdak usmif;rS (4) wef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1958 ckESpf/ ZGefvrS 1964 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dvtxd &efukefwuUodkvfynma&;r[mXme/ avhusifha&; ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvrSpI &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov kd w f iG f v#ypf pfqufo, G af &;tif*sief , D mbmom&yfuo kd if=um;cJ+h y;D / 1970 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f wGif aemufq;kH ESppf mar;yGaJ tmifjrifI pufrt _ if*sief , D m (v#ypf pfqufo, G af &;) bJ@G &cJo h nf? tqdyk gvwGiyf if pmwdu k Ef iS ahf =u;eef;XmewGif vufaxmuftif*sief , D m oifwef;q&mtjzpf 0efxrf; b0 pwifcJhonf? rGefjynfe,f/ u&ifjynfe,f/ weoFm&D wdkif;wdk@wGif e,fydkifa=u;eef;0efaxmuf tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrHudef;tif*sifeD,mtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,frefae*smtjzpfvnf;aumif; armfvòrdif/ ykodrf/ awmif}uD;/ &efukefòrd rsm;wGiftajcpdkufI jrefrmjynftESHtjym; vSnfhvnfwm0ef xrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1986 ckEpS rf pS I 'kw, d }u;D =uyfr_ tif*sief , D m (rdu k ¶U akd 0hz)f tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJ onf? EdkifiHwm0efxrf;aqmifpOfumvtwGif; qGD'ifEdkifiH/ udk&D;,m;orRwEdkifiH/ *syefEdkifiH/ pifumyl orRwEdik if w H @kd wiG f u|r;f usirf o _ ifwef;rsm;ESihf vkyif ef;cGio f ifwef;rsm; wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1986 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f twGi;f xdik ;f Edik if /H befaumufòrd wGiu f si;f yaom tm&SEiS yhf pdzw d af 'o a=u;eef;qufo, G af &; tzG@J . pufrq _ ikd &f mtpnf;ta0;od@k jrefrmEdik if u H , kd pf m;vS,t f zG@J . tzG@J acgi;f aqmiftjzpfwufa&mufchJ onf? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f ESihf pufwifbmv jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_}u;D wGif b0wl0efxrf;rsm;ESihf twl yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvwGif wm0efrt S +ird ;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1989 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf yJc;l wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J / wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª; (t&ef) tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? yJc;l wdik ;f (28) òrd e,ftES@H pnf;¶H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkukefoG,fpD;yGm;tzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpf yg0if cJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf?

jynfhESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd a&$bdkòrd / ig;vkyfief;OD;pD;XmewGif 0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1974-1975 ckEpS w f iG f rdbvufiw k f ud, k yf ikd v f yk if ef;jzpfaom qDpufvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd &f ef 0efxrf;b0rS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (5) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (28) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1031) jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?

34? bkwvifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifarmifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;cifarmifat;onf bkwvifòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 733) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 22) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ode;f / trd a':pde;f &ifw@kd rS 1948 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJhonf? bkwvifòrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifat;onf 1953 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd bkwvifòr d tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;wGiyf nmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1963-64 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;òr d vSoyd H` tvGwyf nmoifausmif;rS (10) wef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v; 0dZm ESihf odyw H` uUov kd w f iG f wwd,ESpt f xd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1968-69 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov kd f wGif pwkw ESpfodk@ajymif;a&$ ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; xdkESpfwGifyif ody`H (owWaA') bJG@ &&SdcJhonf? 1970

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35? rHk&Gmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;=unfp;kd / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f OD;=unfp;dk onf rH&k mG òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (49 566) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (80 ² 96) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr muf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1935 ckEpS /f rwfv (14) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;[ef.om; jzpfonf? OD;=unfp;kd onf 1958 ckESpfwGif 0dZ mbGJ@&&SdcJh+yD; 1959 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfokd@0ifcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif 'kwyf&if;rª; tqifhjzifh cv& (94) rS rdrdqENtavsmufEkwfxGufcJhonf? pdefr#m;pwkd;/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrff;/ bk&m;}uD;&yfuGuf/ rHk&Gmòrd wGifaeonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh ckid v f rkH t J a&twGuf 'kw, d trsm;qH;k &&So d jl zpfonf? 2004 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (29) &ufae@wGif rHk&Gmòrd aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf? 36? rHk&Gmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmatmifonf rHk&Gmòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðy I 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (47 933) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (78 ² 97) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? ajrmifòr d e,f/ a&$yef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifcsw d . f om; jzpfonf? 1935 ckEpS /f arv (9) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;apmatmifonf acsmif;OD;òrd taemuf&yf tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif;/ rH&k mG òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ rE aW v;aumvdyEf iS hf &efuek w f uUov kd w f @kd wiG f bDtufppf b D @JG & onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd rH&k mG òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mtjzpfEiS hf wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; 0dZm ESihf Oya'0dZm bJ@G rsm; ajzqkad tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd txufwef;a&S ae/ A[dw k &m;±H;k a&S ae/ w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpfvu kd yf g aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1985 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ygwpD w d t f wGi;f a&;rª;/ òrd@e,faumifp0D if (tcsed yf ikd ;f ) tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 37? rif;uif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;bdk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;bkdonf rif;uif;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0if a&muf ,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (18 435) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (55 ² 37) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? rif;uif;òr d e,f/ tifyifvaS us;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zd;k tke;f / trd a':pdeaf t;wd@k rS 1927 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (8) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;bko d nfarmufuawmfaus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;

154

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

wGif ynmoif=um;aepOf 'kw, d urBmppf}u;D jzpfvmI pwkww ef;ESihf ausmif;xGucf &hJ onf? xdrk S rdbESihf twlawmifov l yk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd opfvyk if ef;/ qDpuf/ qefpuf/ puftydyk pPn;f qkdif ponfjzifh udk,fydkifvkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifcJhonf? rif;uif;òrd e,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾ma&;r ;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (16) &ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?

txufwef;jy ausmif;q&m (ajrmif-ausmuf&pfwGJzuftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;)/ 1974 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&mr a':cifrsK;d wifEh iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? 1975-76 ckEpS w f iG f ¶lyaA'q&m/ tm;opfenf;jy (rE aW v;òrd )/ 1976-77 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;jyq&m (a&póud ycef;eD;i,f/ wGzJ uf tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;)/ 1977 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd enf;jycsKyf/ ajrmifO;D 0if;&Sed f enf;jy/ 1982 ckEpS /f {+yv D rS 1983 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f txd (16) v=umr# rE aW v;tusO;f axmifwiG f yk'rf 10 (u) jzifh xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1983 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd usL&Siq f &m/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òrd e,foydww f yfcaJG cgi;f aqmif/ 1988-89 ckEpS w f iG f ajrmifòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f ¶H;k tkyw f m0efEiS hf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&; wm0efct H jzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&v D (2) &uf ae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyrf S Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? rlvu trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydi&f efjzpfaomfvnf; tzG@J csKyf (A[d)k rS ,cif ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme 'kw, d 0ef}uD; ('kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }uD;a[mif;) OD;atmifxeG ;f tm; ajrmifòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf owfrw S cf o hJ jzifh tzG@J csKyfrES w k x f u G +f y;D woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf hJ jcif;jzpfonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;axmufcaH om woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf a=unmcJh onf? rJqEN&iS w f OD;jzpfol a'guw f mausmEf ikd x f eG ;f rS a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f cJo h jzifh cH¶k ;kH . =um;emppfaq;r_cHcJh&onf?

38? jrif;rlòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;bmbm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bmbmonf jrif;rlòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (16 477) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (73 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1933 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;[kwpf ed . f om; jzpfonf? OD;bmbmonf 1963 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ mbJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ynma&;0efxrf;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if; aoG;acsmif;pD; vkyf=uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16) &ufae@wGif a&$bdkaxmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 39? jrif;rlòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifaiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifaiGonf jrif;rlòrd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (16 151) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (72 ² 11) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ppfuikd ;f òr@d e,f/ &GmaxmifZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zd;k pd;k / trd a':r#iw f @kd rS 1941 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifaiGonf jrif;rlòrd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;xd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS w f iG f rdwv D m xGepf ufarmif;oifwef;ausmif;wufco hJ nf? 1965 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd pufrv _ ,f,m0efxrf;/ 1971 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyrf ES w _ x f u G I f Ed@k qv D yk if ef;/ awmif,m vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS w f iG f a':aX;=unfEiS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif oydwaf umfrwD 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? jrif;rl òrd e,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r ;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 40? ajrmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;0if;&Sed /f woD;yk*v ~ ? OD;0if;&Sed o f nf ajrmifòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdkifvHkrJ (9 749) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (39 ² 39) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ajrmifòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;az/ trd a':=unfw@kd rS 1948 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;0if;&Sed o f nf ajrmifòr d e*g;¶Hak usmif;/ ajrmifòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ rE aW v;òr d &wemyHEk iS hf vSoyd aH` usmif;ESihf &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov kd w f @kd wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ odyH` (ukex f w k "f mwkaA') bGJ@ &&SdcJhonf? 1971-72 ckESpfwGif awmifolvkyfief;vkyfukdifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd

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41? ajrmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;rif;oGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rif;oGifonf ajrmifòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (9 941) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (41 ² 07) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wkduf}uD;òrd@e,f/ zvHkaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;yk/ trd a':wkwfwdk@rS 1952 ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;rif;oGifonf zvHktpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ wdkuf}uD;òrd tpdk;&tv,fwef; ausmif;wkd@wGif qXrwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif bDtrfyDwyfodk@ 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS w f iG f Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bD-tkid -f at) wGiv f nf;aumif;/ 1945 ckEpS w f iG f {&m0wDwidk ;f wGiv f nf;aumif; e,fcs J zufqpfw@dk uw kd eG ;f vSew f u dk cf u dk cf o hJ nf? xkrd S oeu (1)/ rdwv D mòr d od@k 0ifa&mufcI hJ 1946 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef; vSnv hf nfpnf;±H;k a[majym&mwGif Adv k rf if; vGif/ AdkvfxGef;vSwkd@ESifhtwl 1947 ckESpftxd AkdvfcsKyf.vHkðcHa&;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd aomif;usef;r_ESdrfESif;a&;wyf/ 1958 ckESpfwGif jynfapmifh&Jwyf&if;/ EkdifiHawmf orRw. ud, k &f aH wmfwyfcrGJ ; / 1961 ckEpS w f iG f (10) wef;pmar;yGu J jdk yifyrS ajzqkad tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1966 ckESpfwGif &Srf;oeu (1)/ ±dk;rppfqifa&;a&S wef;wyfcJGr ;/ ppfa=umif;r ;/ AuyESifhwkdufyJGwGif ajcaxmuf ESpfzufpvHk;'%f&m&I jzwfawmufcJh&+yD; 1968 ckESpfwGif (aq;) t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,faumifp0D if/ 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if (wwd,qif)h &onf? 1350 jynfEh pS (f 1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif 0ef;okòd r d e,fY yg0ifco hJ nf? ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?

156

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

42? armfvdkufòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf armfvu dk òf r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (11 249) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 69) jzihf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? armfvu dk òf r@d e,f/ uif;wyfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndKOD;/ trd a':oef;=unfw@kd rS 1955 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (21) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf uif;vku d t f pd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ armfvdkuftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxd oif,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfEh pS t f xd òr d e,fuek o f , G af &;ESihf or0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ 1980 jynfEh pS rf S 1990 jynfEh pS t f xd a&'D,akd tmfya&wm oifwef;rsm;wuf+yD; ud, k yf ikd f a&'D,/dk uufqufðyjyifa&;vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf?

wifxeG ;f atmif (jrefrmhtvif;) uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (7) &ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrodk@ wdrf;a&Smifa&muf&SdcJhonf?

43? ,if;rmyifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;Adkvfaomif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Adkvfaomif;onf ,if;rmyifòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 647) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 95) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? acsmif;OD;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef/ trd a': }uD;wd@k rS 1947 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (31) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;Adkvfaomif;onf ukwdk;ukef;&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ acsmif;OD;òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f ajccHynmoif,cl +hJ y;D rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S 1973 ckEpS w f iG f ody`H (±lyaA') bJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd ausmufarSmfwJGbuf tpdk;&tv,fwef; ausmif;ESit hf pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f wJb G uftv,fwef;jyq&mESihf txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvqef;wGif tdENd,EdkifiHodk xGufcGmvmcJhonf? xdk@aemuf xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfwiG f tajcðyI Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;aqmif&u G cf I hJ 2005 ckEpS /f ZGev f (8) &ufae@wiG f ukvor*~'u k o Q nfrsm;qdik &f mr[mrif;}u;D ¶H;k . tpDtpOfjzifh Ed@k z;kd 'kuo Q nfpcef;rSwqifh aemfa0Edik if o H @kd rdom;pkESifhtwl xGufcGmcJh+yD; ,cktcg aemfa0EkdifiHwGif aexkdifonf?

45? a&OD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;onf a&OD;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rH J (16 190) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 26) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wef@qnfòrd@e,f/ acsmif;±dk;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&ef/ trd a':=unfarwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef; atmifaX;onf acsmif;±d;k tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ rE aW v; pde@f yw D m tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ aròr d pde@f tJvbwfausmif;wkd@wGif tajccHynm oif=um;cJh+yD;aemuf rE Wav;aq;wuUodkvfrS 1971 ckESpfwGif q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f a':cifrm=unfEiS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd a&OD;òr d e,for0g,r wm0efcq H &m0ef/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òrd e,f+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhvHkðcHa&;tzJG@ aiGxdrf;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? a&OD;òrd e,f trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?

44? ,if;rmyifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifxGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxGef;atmifonf ,if;rmyifòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (15 390) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (72 ² 33) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 'du k Of ;D òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wif/ trd a':odef ;f wifw@dk rS 1937 ckEpS /f arv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifxeG ;f atmifonf &efuek w f uUov dk rf S 0dZm bJ@G / owif; pmoifwef;ausmif;rS owif;pm'DyvdkrmbJG@&cJhonf? jrefrmhtoH/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmESifh jrefrmh owif;pOf t*Fvyd f (Edik if jH cm;) t,f'w D mtjzpf ESpaf ygi;f (30) cef@ aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 'du k Of ;D òr d e,ftoif; (&efuek )f wnfaxmifol OuUÏ/ 'kw, d OuUÏ/ twGi;f a&;r ;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? *s'D t D mod@k owif; pmavhvma&;c&D;oGm;cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dw k wfoyd nm&Siw f OD;tjzpfEiS hf tzG@J csKyf A[dk jyef=um;a&;tzG@J 0ifwOD;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? jrefrmhEikd if aH &;ESihf ocifbaomif; pmtkyt f m;

46? a&OD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;0if;udk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;0if;udo k nf a&OD;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 304) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 44) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHcJh&onf? a&OD;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oD0H/ trd a': jrwifwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (11) &ufae@ wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;0if;udo k nf a&OD;òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ rE aW v;wuUov kd Ef iS hf ynma&;wuUov kd f (&efuek )f wk@d wiG f ynma&;bJ@G (bDt;D 'D) &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1968 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd a&OD;òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ oD0H onm pmykHESdyfpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuf trSwf (903) jzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu GJ si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S OD;0if;udt k m; a&G;aumuf wifajr mufc&H oltjzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? a=unmcsuw f iG f OD;0if;uko d nf pifòydit f pk;d & zJ@G pnf;I Edik if aH wmfudk awmfveS yf ek u f ef&efEiS hf vufeufpu JG ikd af wmfveS yf ek u f efaom aomif;use;f oltzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo, G yf al ygi;f aqmif&u G jf cif;rsm;ðyvkycf I hJ a&G;aumufy@GJ Oya'yk'rf (11)/ yk'rf cJG (q) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&oltjzpfrS y,fzsufa=umif;azmfjyxm;onf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f rme,fyavmYzG@J pnf;cJo h nfh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J wiG f b¾ma&;ESit hf cGeaf wmf0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfrS 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pD tzG@J csKyfwiG , f x l m;onfh wm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (22) &uf ae@pyJG gpmtrSwf - 755§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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157

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

csKy. f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwðf yxm;jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &wm0efrsm;udx k rf;aqmif&if; 1993 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (28) &ufae wiG f w¶kwf EdkifiH/ ulrif;òrd &Sd a[mfw,fwckwGif vkyf=uHowfjzwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?

rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a&$bòkd r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;oef;xGe;f u use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENt& Taumfr&Sif od@k wifjycJyh gonf? 2? Txufyg OD;oef;xGe;f .wifjycsut f & aumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;oef;xGe;f tm; ,ae@rpS I a&$bòkd r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y vdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 49? v[,fòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;cydk;udkifvHk/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;cyd;k udik v f o kH nf v[,fòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwt D m; ud, k pf m;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (4 053) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (86 ² 64) jzifh a&G;cs,f wif ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1933 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (16) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;ygErG ;f .om; jzpfonf? OD;cyd;k udik v f o kH nf cE ;DW tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ &efuek f pHjytpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f ynmoif =um;cJ+h y;D owWrwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1959-60 ESprf sm;wGif y-x-p (oef@&iS ;f z-q-y-v tzG@J ) wGif c¶dik pf nf;¶H;k a&;rª;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd cE ;DW òr d e,f awmiftyk /f 1989 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm; ,lco hJ nf? em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwD A[dOk uUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

47? a&$bdkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmatmifbdk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f matmifbo dk nf a&$bòkd rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (31 270) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (60 ² 78) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? a&$bòkd rd e,f/ ausmufajrmif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f wef/ trd a':aomif; aomif;wk@drS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (7) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmatmifbkdonf rE Wav;òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (14) ESihf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (12)/ rE aW v;aq;wuU odv k w f @kd wiG f q&m0efb@GJ &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ud, k yf ikd af q;ukcef; zGiv hf pS t f oufarG;onf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unm csuftrSwf (1264) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 48? a&$bdkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf a&$bòkd r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (36 958) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 43) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&$bkdòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;btkef;/ trd a':=unfwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf a&$bdkòrd / tdENm&yf tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ a&$bdk vSoyd aH` usmif;wk@d wiG f q,fwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJI h 1973 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek pf ufrw _ uU odv k rf S tif*sief , D mbJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f a':rlrEl iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? rdb±d;k &m a&$ta&mif;t0,f vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd o f nf? 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D twGi;f e0wrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D a&$bakd xmifY tusO;f cscH&um 1992 ckESpf/ arv (13) &ufae wGif axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28) &ufae wGif jynfol v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1009) (1353 ckESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 10 &uf) (1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 28 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? OD;oef;xGe;f tm; ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a&$bòkdr e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

159

50? av&SD;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;a'G;aygh/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;a'G;aygo h nf av&S;D òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwt D m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (3 300) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 86) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? av&S;D òr d e,f/ qGr&R maus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wmvdik ;f ayg/h trd a':umaomao;wd@k rS 1947 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;a'G;aygo h nf qGr&R maus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ [oFmwòr d u&if ESpfjcif;c&pf,mefomoemausmif;wdk@wGif tv,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xd@k aemuf tif;pdeòf r d ESpjf cif;"rRwuUov kd w f iG f av;ESpo f ifwef; wufa&mufatmifjrifcI hJ em*awmif wef;a'o/ em*ESpjf cif;c&pf,meftzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf (2) ESp/f wefueG ef m*,Ofaus;r_ aumfrwD b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf (10) ESp/f wefueG ef m*tm;§um OuUÏtjzpf yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? awmif,mvkyu f ikd o f nf? ZeD;rSm a':aºuaG o;jzpf+y;D om;orD; (5) OD;xGe;f um;onf?

160

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

51? 0ufvufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;xGef;òrif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f òrid o f nf 0ufvufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 986) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;cspw f yk /f trd a':rdw@kd rS 1945 ckEpS /f arv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;xGe;f òrid o f nf 1973 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;wuUov kd rf S odyH` (ocsmF ) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1973 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd 0ufvufòr d e,for0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ 1975 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd òr@d e,fvrf;pOf vli,f pnf;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;r ;/ vl}u;D ykid ;f ESiv hf il ,fyikd ;f pnf;±H;k a&;ysujf ym;atmifðyvkyo f nf[k pGcJ suw f ifcH &I 1981 ckEpS w f iG f twGi;f a&;r ;wm0ef rS&yfqidk ;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS f txd usL&Sif q&mtjzpf vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 0ufvufòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfwiG f twGi;f a&;r ;wm0ef,cl hJ onf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if; aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D twGi;f ppf axmufvrS ;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (16) &ufae@wiG f a&$bakd xmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (691) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv 10 &uf)

52? 0ufvufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a':cifpef;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':cifpef;v_id o f nf 0ufvufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGit f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (29 805) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (75 ² 34) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;a&G;/ trd a':av;wd@k rS 1956 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (16) &ufae@ wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? 0ufvufòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? a':cifpef;v_id o f nf 0ufvufòrd tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;rS 1977 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1979 ckEpS w f iG f 0ufvufòr@d e,f or0g,rwGif hJ nf? 1985 'kw, d pma&;/ wuUov kd pf may;pm,l oifwef;wufI 1982 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'bJ@G (LL.B) &&Scd o ckEpS w f iG f òr d e,for0g,rrSxu G I f w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vku d yf gaqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? a':cifpef;v_id f onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS v$waf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG f usi;f yðyvkyaf om ,m,Dtpk;d & v#K d 0Suzf @GJ pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcI hJ oufqikd &f mrSxed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? xd@k aemuf a':cifpef;v_id t f m; jypfrq _ ikd &f m Oya' yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya'yk'rf (11) (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$wf awmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuv f u dk af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Siu f 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG f ðyvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyJG rsm;wGif yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (4) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynf ol@vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

161

ta=umif;t&m ?

? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfudk a=u nmjcif;? 1? 0ufvufòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (55 931) OD;teuf (43 864) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfq h ENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (39 562) rJ &&Scd yhJ g onf? ,if; cdik v f akH om qENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uygonf æ pOf

v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ trnf tpnf;

(u) a':cifpef;v_dif (c) (*)

AkdvfcsKyfcifarmifausmf (t+idrf;pm;) OD;!$ef@armif

OD;tkef;ausmf

&&Sdonfh qENrJaygif;

&mckid Ef e_ ;f

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

29805

75 ² 34

wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD jynfaxmifpk trsKd;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD trsK;d om;jyefvnfwnfaqmuf a&;'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH) woD;yk*~v

7490

20 ² 07

322

0² 81

690

1 ² 75

804

2 ² 03

2?od@k ygI txufygvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of(u)yg cdik v f akH om qENrt J rsm; qH;k &&So d nfh a':cifpef;vdi_ o f nf ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / 0ufvufòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSw(f 2)rS a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

162

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

53? 0ef;odkòr e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmatmifcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f matmifcifonf 0ef;okòd r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 963) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 71) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? aumvif;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausm/f trd a': jrwfw@kd rS 1952 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifcifonf 1981 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;aq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ (trfbb D D tufp)f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS f rS 1985 ckEpS t f xd uef@bvlòr d e,f/ csyo f if;aus;&Gm òr@d e,foraq;cef; q&m0eftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1984 ckEpS w f iG f a':a0a0pded Ef iS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 1986 ckEpS rf pS I ud, k yf ikd af q;cef;zGiv hf pS v f yk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (21) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf (1272) jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

qdwo f Ok ;f vm+y;D A[dOk ;D pD;pepfxeG ;f um;vmjcif;/ tm%m&Siq f efvmjcif;/ jynfov l x l . k qENEiS hf uif;uGm vmjcif; ponft h csurf sm;udak xmufjy&m ygw, D el pfOuUÏtjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf I hJ ygwrD S oef@pifjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;aemuf [krv R if;tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf aqmif&u G f cJ+h y;D aemuf t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? t+ird ;f pm;,l+y;D awmifov l yk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhI acwWxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&G; aumufyt JG +y;D wGif ,SOòf yid b f ufjzpfol OD;armifoiG f (&Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy)f rS a&G;aumuf yGJ uef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f cJo h jzifh =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 2000 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (14) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1495) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

54? [krRvif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tkef;óuif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f óuid o f nf [krv R if;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (8 684) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (41 ² 88) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? [krv R if;òr d e,f/ armif;crf;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d td;k .om;jzpfonf? 1926 ckEpS /f arv (28) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;tke;f óuid o f nf 1953 ckEpS w f iG f armif;crf;&Gm tpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1953 ckEpS rf S 1964 ckEpS t f xdarmif;crf;tpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd av&S;D òr d e,f/ a,mygr;D tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ [krv R if;òr@d e,f/ rHrwftpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ ava0,Htpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif;/ zmzkwt f pd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ cE ;DW òrd e,f/ pdepf eG ;f tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif;wd@k wiG f ausmif;tky/f 1983 ckEpS f wGif vkyo f ufjynfh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr &SirS 2000 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (14) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1494) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 55? [krRvif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSodef;onf [krRvif;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (7 068) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (43 ² 02) jzihf a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1934 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (14) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? tz OD;om0.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSoed ;f onf uufomtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS 1957 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifcI hJ aemifylatmif/ armif;crf;/ uufomaus;&Gmwkd@wGif tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyfxd tqifhqifh wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif vrf;pOfygwD0if+yD;aemuf cE WD;òrd@e,fwGif ygwD,lepfOuUÏ/ nDvmcH udk,fpm;vS,f/ 1974 ckESpfwGif ygwD,lepfrsufESmpHknDtpnf;ta0;Y vrf;pOfygwDtwGif; 'Drkdua&pD

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56? t&mawmfòr e,frq J ENe,f trSw(f 1)? a'gufwmaZmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f maZmf0if;onf t&mawmfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 787) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (78 ² 78) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;oef;armif/ trd a':aomif;cifw@dk rS 1952 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (28) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a&$bòkd r d Zmwdjzpfonf? a'guw f maZmf0if;onf 1979 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v; aq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? t&mawmfòr d e,f/ awmuaus;&GmwGif aq;cef;zGiv hf pS I f aus; vufq&m0eftjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (1295) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 57? t&mawmfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;Av/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Avonf t&mawmfòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 305) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (78 ² 41) jzihf a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? t&mawmfòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1944 ckEpS /f ZGev f (25) &ufae@ zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;cspw f if.om; jzpfonf? OD;Avonf e0rwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif vomòr d e,f oHaps;or*~ OuUÏ/ t&mawmfòr d e,f toif; twGi;f a&;r ;/ t&mawmfòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0if wm0efrsm; ,lco hJ nf? 58? tif;awmfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;apmv_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmv_id o f nf tif;awmfòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (27 598) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (78 ² 56) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;

164

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;eoefo;D / trd a':&Dw@dk rS 1956 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (8) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;apmv_id o f nf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f tif;awmftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; (ody)H` udk ocsmF bmom ESihf "mwkaA'bmomrsm;wGif *k%x f ;l &&S+d y;D atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd pf may; pm,loifwef;rS 0dZm bJ@G ('\eduaA') udk rsuaf rSmuf'\e*k%x f ;l jzifah tmifjrifcI hJ r[m0dZm aemufq;kH ESpo f ifwef;od@k wufa&muf cJo h nf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f tdycf s*f syD D (w&m;r*k%x f ;l )/ 1987 ckEpS w f iG f tm&ft,fvf (ajr,m*k%x f ;l ) jzifh atmifjrifc+hJ yD; w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpfvu dk yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS /f r_id ;f &mjynfEh iS yhf wfoufI axmif'%f (9) ESpu f sccH &hJ onf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f Edik if aH wmfaumifpD a=unmcsujf zifh t+yD;tjywfvw G o f nf? wuUov kd pf may;pm,loifwef;/ tif;awmfvil ,fa&;&m n ausmif;wk@d wiG f apwemq&mtjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? OD;apmv_id o f nf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrf wGif usi;f yðyvkyaf om ,m,Dtpk;d &v#K d 0Suzf @GJ pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;ESihf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@u rE aW v;taemufawmifòrde,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf±;kH wGiðf yvkyaf om ,m,D tpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcI hJ oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya' yk'rf (11) (n) ESi+hf idpeG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuv f u dk af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyf rnfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf;ydwyf ifa=umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D wGif a&S ajy; tjzpf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J . ,mOfwef;a&S rS armfawmfqidk u f ,fjzifh óudwifxu G cf mG vmpOf uGyu f aJ &;pcef;tjzpf toH;k ðyxm;onfh qnfajrmif;0ef;a[mif;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH&I xdrk w S qifh a&$bakd xmifwiG f ajymif;a&$ xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ &mrS 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (16) &ufae@wiG f a&$bakd xmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ f awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyfrlI vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 2005 ckEpS /f rwfv (30) &ufae@wiG f ae@vnf(3) em&Dtcsed w f iG f tif;awmfòr d aetdrrf S zrf;qD; ac:aqmifI uomaxmifwiG x f ed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2005 ckEpS /f arv (26) &ufae@wiG f uomc¶dik f w&m;¶H;k rS 1962 ckEpS /f yHEk ydS o f rl sm;ESix hf w k af 0olrsm; rSwyf w kH ifOya' yk'rf (16) jzifh axmif'%f (5) ESp/f yk'rf (20) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESp/f pkpak ygi;f axmif'%f (12) ESpf pD&ifcsucf sco hJ nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

165

(6) weoFm&Dwdkif;?

jrefrmEdik if . H awmifbuftpGeq f ;kH wGif wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (9) 'D*&D (58) rdepfEiS hf (15) 'D*&D (06) rdepftwGi;f wnf&o dS nf? taemufbufwiG f rGejf ynfe,f/ ta&S bufEiS hf ta&S awmif bufwiG f xdik ;f Edik if /H taemufbufwiG f uy`vyD ifv,fjyifw@kd EiS hf e,ferd w d cf si;f qufpyfvsu&f o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (16 735) us,0f ef;onf? wdik ;f òr d awmfrmS xm;0,fòr d jzpfonf? weoFm&Dwikd ;f wGif rJqENe,f (13) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (7) ck tm;ud, k pf m;ðy ,SOòf yid f olvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (45) OD;0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (13) ae&mpvH;k a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? 1? aumhaomif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;vSrif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSrif;onf aumhaomif;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (8 652) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 8) jzihf a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;atmifvid_ /f trd a':at;=unfw@dk rS 1939 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (11) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;vSrif;onf a&ausmt f pd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (&efuek )f rS 1962 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifcI hJ 1966 ckEpS w f iG f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S (B.Eco.) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1966-67 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyf oift&m&Sd (pDrb H ¾m)/ 1967 ckEpS f rS 1978 ckEpS t f xd òr@d e,fuek o f , G af &;refae*sm(oHawmif/ =ucH if;/ usKH aysm/f ykord )f / xd@k aemufwm0efrS t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf weoFm&Dwidk ;f wJb G ufpnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? A[dk OD;pD;tzG@J 0if/ weoFm&Dwikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;wm0efcH OD;vSrif;udk

166

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; Oya'ESit hf nD a&S aejzifch ck aH csycGirhf ay;bJ/ 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (u) jzifh axmif'%f (&) ESpjf ypf'%fcsrw S cf o hJ nf// 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if; aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfymG ; t+y;D ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ &mrS 2003 ckEpS f Zlvidk v f (15) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G f onf? 2? u|ef;pkòr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;cifarmifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifO;D onf u|e;f pkòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (13 568) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (81 ²26) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;bcif.om;jzpfonf? 1925 ckEpS /f rwfv (23) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? anmifO;D òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifO;D onf anmifO;D òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf a&eHacsmif;òrd trsK;d om; txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f ud;k wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1942 ckEpS w f iG f tm&Svil ,f apwemh 0efxrf;wm0efc/H 1943 ckEpS w f iG f ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t)/ ysO;f rem;wGi0f ifco hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS /f *syefawmfveS af &;wGif rsK;d cspAf rmhwyfrawmf (yDbt D ufz)f jrpf0u|e;f ay:wkid ;f ESihf wkid ;f (6) wyf=uyf}u;D / 1946 ckEpS w f iG f anmifO;D òr@d e,f z-q-y-v wJzG uftwGi;f a&;r ;ESihf uGejf rLepfygwD twGi;f a&;r ;/ xdrk S jynfo&l aJ bmfXmecsKyf ±H;k wm0ef/f 1947 ckEpS w f iG f wyfprk ; / aomif;use;f r_ErdS Ef iS ;f a&;wyf/ 1948 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd jynfaxmifppk pf&J wyfcrGJ ; / wyf&if;r ;/ 1962 ckEpS w f iG f Armhwyfrawmfo@dk toGiu f ;l ajymif;I wyf&if;r ; (Adv k rf ; tqif)h jzifh 1970 jynfEh pS t f xd/ 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f Adv k rf ;ª tqifjh zifh pufr0_ ef}u;D Xmeod@k ajymif;a&$ I 1982 ckEpS t f xd pufr0_ ef}u;D Xme puf±rkH ; / !$e=f um;a&;r ;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifchJ onf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f oufjynfyh ifpif,cl o hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h / yxrESiphf wkw t}udrf ygwn D v D mcHu, kd pf m;vS,/f wyfwiG ;f ynmay; twGi;f a&;r ;wm0efw@dk ukd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[dak umfrwD0if/ wyfr; a[mif;rsm; (85) OD; tzJ@G 0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 059) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (84 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;=uifaz/ trd a':pkw@dk rS 1933 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ykavmòr d Zmwdjzpf onf? OD;pk;d !Ge@f onf q,fwef;udx k m;0,ftpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS 1954 ckEpS w f iG v f nf;aumif;/ bDtufppf b D @GJ ukd &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 1959 ckEpS w f iG v f nf;aumif; atmifjrif cJo h nf? 1957-58 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd f xm;0,fc±dik t f oif; twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1959 ckEpS rf S 1968 txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tif[,fZ,fwdkiftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif; (xm;0,f) ESifh ykavmtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1969 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;wuUov kd rf S ynma&;'Dyvdrk mbJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd ausmif;tky}f u;D / armif;rueftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf =uufpmjyif tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1977 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ocsmF usL&Siq f &m/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf weoFm&Dwidk ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (14) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (976) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unm cJo h nf?

4? xm;0,fòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pk;d !Ge@f onf xm;0,fòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f

5? xm;0,fòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;rsKd;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rsK;d atmifonf xm;0,fòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 906) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (86 ² 69) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;btk/d trd a':apmcifw@dk rS 1929 ckEpS /f rwfv (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onfh e0rajrmufom; jzpfonf? xm;0,fòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;rsK;d atmifonf xm;0,fòrd OD;òyd&ifausmif;/ trsK;d om;ausmif;ESihf xm;0,ftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / ausmif;om; oHr%d wyfwiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmfwiG f wyfom;tjzpf pwif0ifa&mufc&hJ mrS zufqpfawmf vSefa&;wGif rsKd;cspfwyfrawmfY wkdif; (5) wGif 'kwd,Adkvf/ 'kwd,urBmppft+yD; &efukefwuUokdvf bDtpkd aD umvdyo f @dk wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 'kw, d ESpt f if*sief , D moifwef;rqH;k rD wyfrawmf wGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufco hJ nf? Adv k af vmif;oifwef; 'kw, d ywfqif; (=unf;-5608) 'kw, d Adv k f tjzpf trSwf (1) cv&ESihf trSwf (2) oeu/ Adv k rf ; tjzpf trSwf (17) cv& (e,fjcm;a'otkycf sKyaf &;)/ 1975 ckEpS w f iG f vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &onf? 1963-64 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duefjynfaxmifpk uGyu f rJ E_ iS hf ppfO;D pD;wuUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufatmifjrifco hJ nf? 1967 ckEpS w f iG f ta&S tv,fyikd ;f ppfyGJ ukvor*~ typftcwf&yfprJ }_ u;D =uyfa&;tzJ@G / jrefrmh ppftuJcwfrpf&iS t f zJ@G acgi;f aqmiftjzpf udik ±f idk Ef iS hf a*s±q k vifw@kd o@kd oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? xdrk t S rSwf (106) cr&wyf&if;r ;/ Ekid if aH wmfumuG,af &;enf;jyrª;/ 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }u;D / Adv k rf ; }u;D tjzpftv,fyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf wkid ;f OD;pD;csKy/f &efuek òf r@d awmf pnfyifom,m a&;tzJ@G rif;}u;D ESihf òr@d awmf0ef/ 1970 jynfEh pS /f AefaumufomG ; tm&Stm;upm;yGaJ wmf jrefrmtm;upm; tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS w f iG f vrf;pOfygwAD [dak &;&maumfrwD0if/ trSwf (88) ajcjref wyfrXmecsKyf wyfrr ;/ &efuek w f ikd ;f ppfXmecsKyf wkid ;f r ;/ Ekid if aH wmfumuG,af &;wuUov kd f ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1976 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k rf ; }uD;tqifjh zifh wyfrawmfrS t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f /

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3? weoFm&Dòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;0if;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;OD;onf weoFm&Dòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (8 542) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (89 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ode;f / trd a':oef;a&$w@dk rS 1962 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (30) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? weoFm&Dòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;0if;OD;onf rlvwef;rSq,fwef;txd weoFm&Dòr d tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1983 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k w f axmifòrd@e,f (&efuek w f idk ;f ) rS q,fwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1987 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S jrefrmpmt"dujzifh 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf?

167

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[dOk ;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf weoFm&Dwidk ;f pnf;±H;k a&;wm0efcEH iS hf A[kOd ;D pD;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwOD uUÏ &JabmfAode;f wif. nDt&if;jzpfonf? 1976 ckEpS Yf jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh Adv k }f u;D tke;f ausmjf rif. h Edik if aH wmfyek u f efrY_ yg0ifywfoufco hJ nf[k rqvtpd;k &.pGypf cJG sujf zifh Adv k rf ;ª }u;D b0jzifh t+ird ;f pm;ay; cHc&hJ jcif;jzpfonf? a&G;aumufyt JG +y;D wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f Zlvikd v f (28) &ufae rS (29) &uftxdðyvkyo f nfh *EDq N ;kH jzwfcsut f wdik ;f e0wu v$waf wmf ac:ray;v#if aqmif&u G &f efvo kd nfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,pf mwrf;ðypk&mY yg0ifcrhJ a_ =umif[ h k ta=umif;jyum 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf (5) (n) jzifh e0w ppftpd;k &u 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (24) &ufae wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (984) jzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfryS ,fzsucf hJ onf? aemif (10) ESpftwGif;ðyvkyfrnfha&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOfòydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? ppftpd;k &.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyEf iS hf rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG J u OD;rsK;d atmif tm; ygw0D iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,fay;cJ&h onf? 1992 ckEpS /f {+yv D (25) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

&yfpjJ cif;cH&onf? bkwjf yif;òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? OD;tke;f jrifo h nf use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef wifjyvmo jzifh Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf ycJah =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (27) &ufae@u a=unmcJo h nf?

6? ykavmòr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;=unfa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfa&$onf ykavmòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 088) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (88 ² 48) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHchJ &onf? ykavmòrd e,f/ rvdaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckEpS /f rwfv (7) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;+idr;f . om;jzpfonf? OD;=unfa&$onf q&m}uD;OD;zd;k csKH ausmif; (ykavm)/ ykavmòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ armfvòrid òf r d atmifoyd t H` pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG t f rd af xmifðycJo h nf? ykavmESiahf rmfvòrid o f @dk ukew f ifpufavSvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd o f nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif òrd@rdòrd@zrsm;zJG@pnf;cJhaom òrd@rat;csrf;om,m a&;tzJG@Y 'kwd,acgif;aqmiftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?

7? bkwfjyif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f jrifo h nf bkwjf yifòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (4 641) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 24) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1934 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (7) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f wif.om;jzpfonf? OD;tke;f jrifh onf 1955 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd +rw d òf r@d e,f ynma&;XmewGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ atmufwef; pma&;ESihf avmif;vHòk r@d e,fynma&;r ;/ txufwef;pma&;/ 1971 ckEpS /f ZGev f (1) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@txd vrf;pOfygwD +rw d t f a&S òr d e,f ygw, D el pfEiS hf bkwjf yif;òr@d e,f ygw, D el pfw@dk wGif aumfrwD0if/ ygw, D el pf twGi;f a&;r ;/ ,lepfpnf; OuUÏ/ ,lepf OuUÏ/ wwd,ESihf pwkw oufwrf; wGif bkwjf yif;òr d e,f v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,/f 1988 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@wiG f ygww D m0efrS

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8? +rdwfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmf&Sdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm&f edS o f nf +rw d òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 256) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (85 ² 69) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? +rw d òf r d / jrpfi,f&yfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;usiaf rmif/ trd a':*if0gw@kd rS 1952 ckEpS /f rwfv (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausm&f edS o f nf arG;csi;f oH;k a,muf&o dS nft h euf 'kw, d ajrmufom; jzpfonf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f +rw d òf r d / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) rS q,fwef;pmar;yJu G kd "mwkaA' *k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f òr d jytif*sief , D mbJ@G ukd &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov kd rf S &&Scd o hJ nf? bJ@G &+y;D aemuf rdbvkyif ef; a&$ta&mif;t0,fvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':cifrm&DEiS v hf ufxyfchJ onf? 9? +rdwfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;^m%fat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;^m%fat;onf +rw d òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 101) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (79 ² 84) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;&Sed /f trd a':usiv f id_ w f @kd rS 1955 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (21) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? rtlyifòrd@e,f/ ukuKdU pk&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;^m%fat;onf ukuKdU pk&mG tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ av;tdrpf t k pd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (rtlyif)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (prf;acsmif;) wk@d wiG f ynmoif =um;cJ&h m 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd o f @kd wuf a&mufonf? 1975 ckEpS /f ZGev f (5) &ufae@wiG jf zpfay:cJah om taxGaxGoydww f u dk yf w JG iG f yg0ifco hJ nf? pD;yGma&;wuUov kd af usmif;om;b0 1975 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 1977 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? aemufq;kH ESppf mar;yGu J kd jyifyausmif;om;tjzpf ajzqkcd iG hf &I (bDueG ;f ) bJ@G &cJo h nf? ukeo f nfvyk if ef;jzifh toufarG;onf? 10? a&jzLòr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;wdk;ydk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? ODw;dk ydo k nf a&jzLòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (13 021) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (87 ² 16) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ykavmòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1939 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (17) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;azcsp. f om;jzpf onf? OD;wk;d ydo k nf OypmodyH` (c) atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1981

170

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ckEpS t f xd wyfrawmfwiG f Adv k }f u;D tqift h xd wm0efxrf;aqmifcphJ Of ajrmufyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyfe,fajr ppfqifa&;wckwiG f rdik ;f xd'%f&m&cJo h nf? xd@k aemuf wyfrawmfrS pufr_ (1) 0ef}u;D Xmeod@k ajymif;a&$ wm0efay;jcif;cH&onf? wm;0,fwiG f (5) ESp/f yJc;l wGif (2) ESpf wkid ;f OD;pD;r ;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfyu kH mvwGif pufr_ (1) 0ef}u;D Xme tvkyo f rm;or*~ em,utzJ@G 0if/ a'oE &W pufrv _ ufr! _ e$ =f um;a&;OD;pD;XmewGif 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? qENjy&mwGif pufr_ (1) OD;pD;Xmeudk OD;aqmifcsw D ufco hJ nf? xd@k a=umifh 'kw, d !$e=f um;a&;r ;&mxl;rS yifpifay;I tvkyrf ES w k x f u G cf &hJ onf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wiG f xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;wGif tus,cf sKyfjzifh ac:,lxed ;f odr;f xm;&mrS atmufwb kd mv (4) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7)ESpf csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbm v (19) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf?

Adkvfrª;}uD;vSaz (+idrf;) touf (76) ESpf &efuek w f ikd ;f / oCFe;f u|e;f òr d e,f/ ok0À/ u|e;f a&$òrid v f rf;/ trSwf (164) ae (OD;!Ge@f -a':cif!eG @f ) wd@k .om;}u;D / (OD;pde&f if-a':ESi;f &if) wd@k . om;oruf/ (a':cifarpD). cspv f pS mG aomcifyeG ;f / OD;qefeaD za':OrRmausm/f a':oDwmaz (TTC)/ OD;aumif;xGÉf ([dw k ,f§c&D;)- a':eDvmaz/ OD;nDnaD z-a':cifp;kd rd;k wd@k . cspv f pS mG aom aus;Zl;&Siaf rG; ozcif/ ajr;&Spaf ,mufw@kd . tbd;k onf 20-1-2005 (=uoyaw; f eG yf gI 22-1-2005 (paeae@) nae (3) ae@) nae (6 ; 40) em&DwiG f S.S.C. txl;ukaq;cef;Y uG,v em&DwiG f a&a0;tat;wdu k rf S a&a0;okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D oò* [ õ yf grnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk

11? avmif;vHkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;vSazonf avmif;vHòk rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðy I0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 241) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (87²9) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;!Ge@f / trd a':cif!eG @f w@kd rS 1929 ckEpS /f arv (10) &ufae@wiG f zGm;jrifonf? OD;vSazonf 1936 ckEpS rf S 1942 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v;ae&Sief ,fausmif;wGif (7) wef;atmif/ xkrd S 194546 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;/ 1946 ckEpS rf S 1949 ckEpS t f xd &efuek w f uUov dk f bDtpkd aD umvdyf 'kw, d ESpf bDtufppf t D if*sief , D m (e,l;ud@k p)f txd/ 1950 jynfEh pS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd (=unf;- 5796) 'kw, d Akv d rf S Adv k rf ; tqifjh zifh (jynfrESihf &Sr;f jynf ajcvsiw f yf&if;ausmif;) 1965-66 ckEpS w f iG f tk;d tdr/f twGi;f 0ef±;kH ('kOuUÏ) wGb J uftwGi;f 0ef/ 1966 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd Akv d rf ; rS 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }u;D / &efuek f ywf0ef;&if;rª; OD;pD; (y)/ 1971 ckEpS rf S 1976 ckEpS t f xd 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }u;D / Adv k rf ; }u;D / 'kwyfrr ;/ 'kr[mAsL[mr ;/ wyfrrª;/ wkdif;r ; (ta&S ydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf) (vm;¶_d;/ rw Dvm/ jrpf}uD;em;)/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd ygwAD [kad umfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS w f iG f jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh Adv k }f u;D tke;f ausmjf rif. h Edik if aH wmfyek u f efrw _ iG f yg0ifywfoufco hJ nf[k rqvppftpd;k &u pGypf u JG m Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ yk'rf (122) t& axmif'%f (10) ESpEf iS hf rqvygwt D m;qef usirf E_ iS hf axmif'%f (10) ESp/f pkpak ygi;f tvky=f urf;ESihf axmif'%f tESpf (20) csrw S f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f vGw+f ird ;f csr;f om cGijhf zifjh yefvw G cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D +y;D onfah emuf rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm; tzG J wiG f A[dOk pD ;D tzG J 0ifEiS hf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyfwiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG J 0iftjzpf aqmif &Gu&f if; e0wppftpd;k &u 1992 ckEpS w f iG f 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay: pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf (5) (n) jzifh w&m;pGq J I kd axmif'%fcsrw S cf o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 1992 ckEpS /f {+yDv (9) &ufae wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1016)xkwjf yefI v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrS y,fzsucf o hJ nf? aemif (10) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Yyg0if ,SOòf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (20) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

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171

12? avmif;vHkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;csdef[if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csed [ f ifonf avmif;vHòk r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 667) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (81²41) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;^m%fvid_ /f trd a':usiyf mG ;wd@k rS 1941 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@ wGiaf rG;zGm;cJo h nf? avmif;vHòk r@d e,f/ jyifacsmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;csed [ f ifonf rlvwef;/ tv,f wef;/ txufwef;ynmrsm;udk xm;0,fòrd wGio f if=um;cJ+h yD; 1964-65 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfAv dk o f ifwef;trSwpf Of (36) od@k wufa&mufc+hJ y;D 'kw, d Akv d /f Adv fk /f Adv k }f uD;tqifw h @dk jzifh wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfrt S +idr;f pm;,lc+hJ yD;/ &efuek òf r d wGif ta&mif;t0,fvyk if ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf weoFm&Dwikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzJ@G 0if tjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 13? o&ufacsmif;òr e,f? Adkvf}uD;wifjrifh (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifjrifo h nf o&ufacsmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 522) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (91 ² 1) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? avmif;vHòk r d e,f/ u'uf}u;D aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHb/ trd a':cspaf rwk@d rS 1932 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifjrifo h nf 1938 ckEpS rf S 1947 ckEpS t f wGi;f u'uf}u;D tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;ESihf atmufa&jzL&Gm tpd;k &tv,fwef; ausmif;wk@d wiG f owWrwef;atmifjrif onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1947-48 ckEpS w f iG f u'uf}u;D aus;&Gmor0g,rqdik w f m0efc/H 194849 ckEpS w f iG f wyfom;/ ppf0efxrf; xm;0,f/ 1949 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd wyfom;/ 'kwyf=uyf/ wyf=uyf/ wyf=uyf}u;D / t&mcHAv kd /f 'kAv dk /f Akv d /f Adv k }f u;D / wyfa&;Adv k }f u;D tqifx h d wyfrawmfwiG f wm0efxrf;aqmif cJo h nf? 1985 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfro S ufjynfyh ifpifjzift h +ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1987 ckEpS t f xd o&ufacsmif;òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifpOD uUÏ OD;wifjrifo h nf wEkid if v H w Hk iG af &G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ aom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (392) OD;wGif rJ&mcdkifE_ef;trsm;qHk;jzifh

172

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ ol jzpfonf? 1991 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S rdrq d ENtavsmuf use;f rma&;raumif;ojzifh v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y&efwifjyvmojzifh OD;wifjrift h m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrS E_wx f u G cf iG ðhf ya=umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf (969) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif wEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmjzifh cdkifvHkrJ&mcdkifE_ef; 'kwd,trsm;qHk; &&So d jl zpfonf?

1? u0òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmrsKd;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mrsK;d 0if;onf u0òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 774) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 65) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? u0òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;csK/d trd a':wif!eG @f w@kd rS 1955 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (13) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f mrsK;d 0if;onf u0òr d &Gmopftpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif;/ u0òr@d r tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ yJc;l òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) (,ciftrsK;d om;ausmif;) wk@d wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / q&m0efb@GJ ukd rE aW v;aq;wuUov kd rf S 1981 ckEpS w f iG f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS rf pS I o&zl uk, d yf ikd af q;cef;zGiv hf pS cf o hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f a':eDvmatmifEiS v hf ufxyfI om;orD; (3) OD; xGe;f um;onf? 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? u0òr d e,ftrsK;d om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUÏtjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wGif ppfaxmuf vSr;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lxed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 2001 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (6) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw $ af y;cJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@wiG f xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf vGwaf jrmuf e,fajrwae&mod@k a&muf&cdS o hJ nf?

(7) yJcl;wdkif;?

tv,fyikd ;f ajrjyef@a'o}u;D . awmifbufyikd ;f wGiw f nf&o dS nf? ajrmufbufwiG f rE aW v;wdik ;f ESihf rauG;wdik ;f / taemufbufwiG f &cdik jf ynfe,fEiS hf {&m0wDwikd ;f / awmifbufwiG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / ta&S bufwiG f u&ifjynfe,fEiS hf rGejf ynfe,fw@kd wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (16) 'D*&D (45) rdepfEiS hf (19) 'D*&D (20) rdepftwGi;f ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (94) 'D*&D (35) rdepfEiS hf (97) 'D*&D (10) rdepftwGi;f wnf&dS onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (24 792) us,0f ef;onf? wdik ;f òr d awmfrmS yJc;l òr d jzpfonf? yJc;l wdik ;f wGif òr d e,f (28) òr d e,f&dS rJqENe,f (51) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (26) cktm; ud, k pf m;ðy,SOòf ydio f v l w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (241) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f avmif; (12) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (255) OD;0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (47) ae&m/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygwrD S (3) ae&mESihf wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwrD S (1) ae&m/ toD;oD;a&G; cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf?

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2? u0òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrav;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;jrav; (ocifjrav;-a&$usi)f onf u0òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 547) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 13) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1922 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (15) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;yef;òrid /f trd a':pdeyf iG w hf @kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;jrav;onf t*Fvyd -f jrefrm q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJI h 1938 ckEpS w f iG f 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k 0if ocifjrav;jzpfvmcJo h nf? 1942 ckEpS /f e,fcs J awmfveS af &;wGif &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if Akv d af pmatmif/ Adv k Zf ifa,mfw@kd wyfEiS t hf wl a&$usiu f w kd u dk cf o hJ nf? 1943 ckEpS w f iG f a&$usiòf r d e,f 'HZk &yf tm&Svil ,f OuUÏ/ 1945 ckEpS w f iG f ocifZif (Auy) wd@k EiS t hf wl wkid ;f av;wdik ;f wGif anmifav;yif 'du k Of ;D e,fajr awmfveS af &;wm0ef/ 1946-47 ckEpS w f iG f anmifav;yifòr d e,f z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;rª; wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1947 ckEpS w f iG f z-q-y-v tzJ@G csKyf.wm0efay;csut f & AD,uferf ajymufusm;rsm;ESiq hf ufo, G &f ef AD,uferf/ avm/ xkid ;f Ekid if rH sm;ok@d oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? 1951 ckEpS w f iG f bk&ifah emifppfqifa&;twGuf xkid ;f Edik if o H @dk omG ;a&mufco hJ nf? 1955 ckEpS w f iG f w±kwjf ynfomG ;tvkyf orm;rpf&iS u f , kd pf m;vS,/f 1958 ckEpS w f iG f eDaygEikd if /H tm&Sq&dk , S v f pfnv D mcHu, kd pf m;vS,/f 1965 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd uke;f vrf;o,f,yl @kd aqmifa&; tzG@J (u-v-o-z) vufaxmufrefaf e*sm/ 1982 ckEpS f wGif t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae wiG f uG,v f eG f onf? ZeD;rSm a':0if;0if;=unfjzpfonf?

174

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

OD;jrav; (c) ocifjrav; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if u0òr e,f(2) a&G;cs,fcHudk,fpm;vS,f trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,f vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if ('kwd,qifh) touf (74) ESpf a&$usiòf rd e,f/ 'HZk &pfaus;&Gmae (OD;yef;òrdi-f a':pdeyf iG )hf wd@k .om; rif;bl;òrd (q&m!Ge@f ) a':pkpkwdk@. om;oruf/ (udkol&udk)/ udkaZ,sudk (wwd,tif*sifeD,m/ pudkif;vdkif;)-a': jrjroef; (t+ird ;f pm;/ or0g,r)/ OD;pd;k (tif*sief , D mcsKyf/ &efuek af tmfww kd ,fvzD ek ;f ) -a':cifrr (vufaxmuf tif*sief , D m/ jrefrmhv#ypf pf"mwf tm;vkyif ef;¶H;k csKyf)/ (udak wZud)k wd@k . cspv f pS mG aomaus;Zl;&Siaf rG; ozcif/ &efuek òf r d / q,frikd u f ek ;f / jynfvrf;/ trSwf 143/ 144/ 145 ae a':0if;0if;=unf (t+ird ;f pm;/ vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&;ESijhf ynfo@l tiftm;0ef}uD;Xme) . cspv f pS mG aom aus;Zl;&Sicf ifyeG ;f OD;jrav; (c) ocifjrav; (t+ird ;f pm; vufaxmufrefae*sm/ uke;f vrf;yd@k aqmif a&;aumfyakd &;&Si;f ) onf 15-7-95 ae@ nae (5) em&D (45) rdepftcsed w f iG f (96) yg;aoma&m*gjzifh &efuek jf ynfo@l aq;¶H}k u;D Y uG,v f eG f tedpaP &muf&ydS gI ºuiG ;f use&f pfaom ¶kyu f vmyfukd 17-7-95 wevFmae@ nae (4) em&D tcsed w f iG f =uaH wmtat;wdu k rf S =uaH wmokomefo@kd yd@k aqmif rD;oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfyga=umif; aqGrsK;d rdwo f *F[rsm; tm; ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk

4? ausmufwHcg;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmif}uD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;armifarmif}uD;onf ausmufwcH g;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (1991) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 2) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1934 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (19) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;&ef}u;D atmif.om; jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif}u;D onf '\rwef;xdynmoif=um;cJI h ausmif;om;b0wGif or*~EiS hf jynf axmifpv k il ,f twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1958 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd oef@&iS ;f z-q-y-v wGrJ ;ª / awmfveS af &; aumifpaD cwfwiG f jynfcspw f yfz@JG wiG f (2) ESpcf ef@awmckcd +hJ y;D tvif;jyef0ifco hJ nf? ,if;aemuf ud, k yf idk f vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? ausmufwcH g;òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fOuUÏ wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (8) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (15) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (912) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf?

3? ausmufwHcg;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSO;D onf ausmufwcH g;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 236) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 15) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;vS}u;D / trd a':=unf=unfw@dk rS 1951 ckEpS /f {+yv D (6) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm; cJo h nf? OD;vSO;D onf awmifiòl r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wGif q,fwef;txdynm oif=um; cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifygcJhI tkd;tdrfOD;pD;Xme taqmifr; wm0efrS Ekwx f u G cf &hJ onf? u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;t¶H;k (autife, f )l rme,fyavmpcef;od@k oGm;a&muf+yD; aomif;use;f olrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f vsu&f adS =umif; ppfaq;ay:ayguo f jzifh 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (u) (c) (n)/ jypfrq _ dik &f m usix hf ;kH Oya' yk'rf (512)t& A[ef;òr@d e,f w&m;±H;k wGiw f &m;pGq J x kd m;+yD;/ w&m;cHajy;tjzpf a=unmxm;cJo h nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D (30) &ufae@wiG f y,fzsucf o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D (25) &ufae wiG f jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & tzG@J jyifqifw;kd cs J zG@J pnf;onft h cg tvkyo f rm;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D jzpfvmcJo h nf? 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (21) &ufae@wiG f qG'D ifEikd if /H AGerf m;pApfY jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;csed t f xd tvkyo f rm;0ef}u;D tjzpfaqmif±u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmEdik if t H vkyo f rm; or*~ f m0ef,cl o hJ nf? rsm;tzG@J csKyf (F.T.U.B.) udk pwifxal xmifc+hJ y;D OuUÏtjzpf ,ae@wikd w

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5? óu@yifaumufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;at;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;jrifo h nf óu d yifaumufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 739) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (60 ² 43) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1931 ckEpS /f {+yv D (20) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? óu@d yifaumufòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;at;jriho f nf óu@d yifaumuf q&m}u;D aqGausmif;/ trsK;d om; wef;jrifh ausmif;wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1953 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bJ@G / 1969 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0dZm bJ@G w@dk ukd &efuek f wuUov dk rf &S &Scd o hJ nf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;jyausmif;tky/f ypPn;f 0,f,al &; tzJ@G vuf axmuf!e$ =f um;a&;r ;/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm bmomjyeft,f'w D m/ jynfo@l opPmowif; pmudk ud, k yf idk x f w k af 0cJo h nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (1) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (1394) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1394) (1360 jynfhESpf/ 0gacgifvqef; 9 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv 1 &uf) ? OD;at;jrifhtm; yJcl;wdkif;/ óu@yifaumufòr e,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr muf cHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdik ;f / óu d yifaumuf òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;at;jrifu h rdro d nf touft&G,}f u;D &ifv h m+y;D use;f rma&; tajc taeraumif;ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;& oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;at;jrif. h wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;at;jrift h m; ,ae@rpS I óu@d yifaumufòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1)rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G f cGiðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t&(at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 461) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ausmuf}u;D òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifusi/f trd a':pef;&ifw@dk rS 1957 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (9) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;xGe;f OD;onf &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov dk rf S 1979 ckEpS w f iG f tif*sief , D m (òr d jy) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS t f xd aqmufvyk af &;aumfyakd &;&Si;f wGif vufaxmuftif*sief , D m/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ausmuf}u;D òr d e,f ta&;awmfykH OuUÏ/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (903) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H oltjzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? a=unmcsuf wGif OD;xGe;f OD;onf pifòydit f pd;k &zJ@G pnf;I Ekid if aH wmfuakd wmfveS yf ek u f ef &efEiS fh vufeufpu JG ikd af wmfveS f ykefuefaeaom aomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; ðyvkyfcJhI a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11)/ yk'rf cJG (q) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol tjzpfryS ,f zsuaf =umif; azmfjyxm;onf? xk@d jyif w&m;cHajy;tjzpf A[ef;òrd e,fw&m;±H;k rS a=unmxm;cJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG pnf;onft h cg/ tvkyo f rm;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D ESihf vlr0_ efxrf; 0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 755§ pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwðf yxm;jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D (25) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyifqifw;kd cs@J z@JG pnf;onft h cg vlr0_ efxrf;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (21) &ufae@ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyefvnfz@JG pnf;csed t f xd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ZeD;rSm a':ode;f ode;f OD;jzpf+y;D orD; (2) OD;xGe;f um;onf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k iG af exkid o f nf?

6? óu@yifaumufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;onf óu@d yifaumufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (11 008) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 44) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;btke;f / trd a':a&$pw k @dk rS 1924 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (12) &ufae@ wGiaf rG; zGm;onf? óu@d yifaumufòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;at;onf tm&fpt D rfausmif;/ trsK;d om;txufwef; ausmif;/ &efuek w f uUov kd w f @kd wiG f Oypmtxufwef;txd ynmoif,=l um;cJo h nf? (uG,v f eG o f l trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D ) ocifjr v$waf wmftrwfjyefvnf&&Sad &;ESihf rJtEdik &f &Sad &;wd@k twGuf &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if Akv d rf if;acgif (ocifapmvGi)f / ocifp;dk rif; (óu d yifaumuf) wk@d EiS t hf wl aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ausmif; om;b0wGif oHr%dwyfz@GJ EiS hf 'k@d Armtpnf;t±H;k 0if/ ausmif;om;or*~ OuUÏ/ 1300 jynfh ta&;awmf yHw k iG f tpmiwfcq H ENjycJo h nf? rif;vSoydww f m;qD;a&;wGiyf g0ifI ausmif;xkwcf cH &hJ onf? e,fcs J qef@ usiaf &; ajratmufawmfveS af &;tzJ@G 0if/ e,fcs J t*Fvyd t f m; 'kw, d urBmppftwGuf ppfp&dwaf xmufyhH &efðyvkyaf om tm0ga';avmif;upm;0dik ;f rsm;udk rD;±_ d zsuq f ;D cJo h nf? xk@d jyif óu d yifaumuf*gwu f kd odr;f ,l&mwGif yg0ifco hJ nf? *syefawmfveS af &;wGif Akv d }f u;D cspòf rid f (,cif awmfveS af &;aumifp0D if) wk@d EiS t hf wl wyf&if; (107) rif;vSpnfow l yfEiS t hf wl wdu k yf 0GJ ifco hJ nf? 1949 ckEpS f 0ufaumfwu kd yf aJG cgi;f aqmif/ 1953 ckEpS rf S 1956 ckEpS t f xd z-q-y-v tpd;k &u v,form;rsm;udEk ydS pf ufonft h wGuf y-r-n-w xJo@kd 0ifI z-q-y-v Adv k rf if;acgiEf iS , hf OS òf yid v f suf v$waf wmftrwfta&G;cHco hJ nf? r=umc% zrf;qD; xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf?

OD;pHwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHwifonf ZD;uke;f òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 992) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 79) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHchJ &onf? rk;d nKòd r d e,f rif;}u;D &GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1934 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;tke;f armif.om; jzpfonf? OD;pHwifonf owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd a&uif; wGzJ uftpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ynm oif=um; cJo h nf? xkwv f yk Ef iS hf pm;oH;k or0g,r twGi;f a&;r ;/ vufum;or0g,r ud, k pf m;vS,/f z-q-y-v/ A-w-v-p/ qk&d , S v f pfvil ,f/ wmyGerf q J ENe,fpnf;±H;k a&;r ;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':aomif;ESihf vufxyfonf? bmoma&;toif;tzJ@G rsm;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f &-0-w tzJ@G 0if vkycf o hJ nf?

7? ausmuf}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f OD;onf ausmuf}u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI

9? anmifav;yifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f armifonf anmifav;yifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

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177

8? ZD;ukef;òr e,frJqENe,f?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

tm;udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (23 518) rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (68 ² 28) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1928 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (1) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;a&$v. S om; jzpfonf? OD;tke;f armifonf 0dZm ESiOfh ya'0dZm bJ@G ukd &efuek w f uUov kd rf &S &Scd o hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS w f iG f *syefawmfveS af &;Xme ajymufusm;/ 1946 ckEpS w f iG f ra'guw f u kd ef ,f z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1947 ckEpS w f iG f rif;bl;tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;om;or*~ OuUÏ/ 1948-49 ckEpS /f 1950-51 ckEpS f rsm;wGif A[dt k pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efuek af usmif;om;or*~EiS fh &efuek cf ±dik o f r*~ OuUÏ/ 1953 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd af usmif;om;oydwaf cgi;f aqmif/ &efuek w f uUov dk f ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&; umuG,rf a_ umfrwD OuUÏ/ 1963 ckEpS w f iG f t*FvefEikd if /H vef'efòr d od@k b%fvyk if ef;/ oGm;a&mufoif,l cJo h nf? =op}w;D ,m;wGif b%fvyk if ef;ES;D aESmyJw G ufco hJ nf? b%frefae*smb0jzifh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (25) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / {+yv D (28) &ufae@wiG f udak tmif xGe;f a&;om;ðypkonfh ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ordik ;f pmtkyf ðypk&mwGif yg0ifun l o D jzif[ h q k u kd m axmif '%f (7)ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (19) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf?

0if/ ZeD;a':at;at;pef;ESio fh m;orD; (3) OD; xGe;f um;onf? awmifiòl r d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wGif twGi;f a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGiaf c:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +yD;/ 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (21) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw $ af y;cJo h nf? 2003 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f OD;atmifp;kd jrifh pD;vmonfq h ikd u f ,fEiS hf ausmif;olwOD;pD;vmonfh pufb;D wd@k vrf;wGirf awmfwqyGww f u kd rf =d u&m/ OD;atmifp;kd jrift h m; tqdyk gupd EP iS yhf wfoufI ppfaxmuf vSr;f a&;rS =o*kwv f (31) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / um,uH&iS af usmif;ol raqGaqGrS if;. trSm;a=umifjh zpf&ojzifh tr_rzGib hf aJ usat;cJo h nf=h um;rS ,mOfwu kd rf _ yk'rf (337) tjyif vdik pf ifrhJ qdik u f ,fvuf0,fxm;&Srd _ yk'rf 5 (1) jzifh tr_ziG +hf y;D / qdik u f ,ftwdu k cf &H ol um,uH&iS u f , kd w f ikd u f ol@bufrrS mS ;onft h wGuf tr_rzGiv hf akd =umif; w&m;¶H;k wGix f u G q f ckd ahJ omfvnf; vdik pf ifrq hJ ikd u f ,f vuf 0,fxm;&Srd j_ zifh pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@wiG f tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (7) ESpcf srw S cf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f arv (23) &ufae@wiG f awmifial xmifrS rdom;pkEiS ahf 0;&m o&ufaxmifo@kd ajymif;a&$ jcif;cHc&hJ +yD; 2005 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dvqef;wGif tif;pdefaxmifokd@ xyfrHajymif;a&G@jcif;cHcJh&onf?

10? anmifav;yifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;ºu,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f ºu, G o f nf anmifav;yifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 342) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 12) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1925 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (7) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;ausm. f om; jzpf onf? OD;xGe;f ºu, G o f nf 0dZm (ynma&;bJ@G )/ q&mjzpf'yD vkrd mESihf r[m0dZm (udv k b H , D m) bJ@G w@dk &&Scd hJ onf? rlvwef;jyq&mrS ynma&;wuUov dk yf garmuQtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? *syefEikd if /H tdE, dN Edik if /H oD&v d uFmEdik if w H @kd o@dk ynma&;wm0efjzifo h mG ;a&mufco hJ nf? ynma&;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk ygarmuQ OD;xGe;f ºu, G /f q&m'A trnfw@kd jzifh a&;om;cJo h nf? ¹yeG w f efqmacsmif;&if;/ attufzt f t kd wGi;f a&;rª;/ (r-u-o-c) q&mor*~ twGi;f a&;r ;/ c&rf;òr@d e,f r-u-o OuUÏ/ ¹yeG w f efqmtoif; OuUÏ/ a&$w*d kH apwD a*gyutzJ@G 0if/ ynma&;0efxrf;t+ird ;f pm;tjzpf aexdik o f nf? 11? awmifilòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmifpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pStzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifp;dk jrifo h nf awmifiòl r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 369) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 75) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? awmifiòl r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tke;f ausm/f trd a':at;rdw@dk rS 1952 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (3) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifp;kd jrifo h nf 1975 ckEpS w f iG f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov dk rf S pD;yGm;a&;ynm (ocsmF pm&if;tif;) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyI f bmoma&;toif;tzJ@G rsm;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&; awmfy}kH u;D wGif awmificl ±dik f jynfo@l vw G af jrmufa&;'Dru kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk A[dt k axGaxGoydwaf umfrwD

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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12? awmifilòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;!Gef@a0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f a0onf awmifiòl r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH (J 20 401)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 1) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1926 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (14) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;baqG/ trd a':rr}u;D wd@k . om; jzpfonf? OD;!Ge@f a0onf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm (abm*aA') *k%x f ;l ESihf [m;AwfwuUov kd rf S r[m0dZm (tkycf sKyfa&;) bJ@G w@dk &&Scd o hJ nf? 1947 ckEpS f wESpt f wGi;f vGwv f yfa&;&&S&d efjyifqifrw _ iG f zq-y-v tzJ@G csKyfuay;aom acgi;f aqmifoifwef;wufc+hJ y;D / 1947 ckEpS rf S 1952 ckEpS f txd wuUov kd f ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ 1952 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd n¸e=f um;a&;rª;/ A[dpk m&if;tif;ESihf abm*aA' Xme/ pufrv _ ufrb _ %f/ refae*smcsKyf/ pdu k yf sK;d a&;b%f/ tmrcHaumfyakd &;&Si;f OD;aqmifne¸ =f um;a&;rª;/ 1986 ckEpS w f iG f oufjynft h +ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif aumfr wD0ifjzpfonf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f zG@J pnf;cJo h nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; ðyaumfrwDwiG f tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfonf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uH wdu k cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfymG ;pOf &efuek òf r d aetdrw f iG f tus,cf sKyjf zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 2003 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f aetdrt f us,cf sKyfrjS yef vGwo f nf? ZeD;rSm a':i,fi,fped f (t+ird ;f pm; uxdu§ynma&;wuUov dk )f jzpf+y;D / om;orD;rsm;rSm a':oD&! d eG @f a0/ a':artH;k !Ge@f a0/ OD;jynfopf !Ge@f a0/ a':pENm!Ge@f a0ESihf OD;ausmx f ÉG ! f eG @f a0wd@k jzpfonf? 13? xef;wyifòr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;cspfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspaf rmifonf xef;wyifòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 665) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf

180

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f / ,if;rmyifòr d e,f/ vufvy_ &f mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;rk;d OD;/ trd at;pdef wd@k rS 1943 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;cspaf rmifonf 0dZm / 0dZm ynma&;ESiS hf txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGw J @dk atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1962 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS t f xd pma&; (u-u) ypPn;f 0,f,rl _ !$e=f um;a&;r ;¶H;k / 1967 ckEpS f rS 1974 ckEpS t f xd txufwef;jy ausmif;q&m/ xef;wyifòr d / 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd OuUÏ òrd e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@/ xef;wyifòrd / 1988 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfEh pS t f xd txufwef;a&S ae/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f vrf;pOfygwo D @kd 0ifco hJ nf?

16? ewfwvif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tkef;aiG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f aiGonf ewfwvif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru k d a&pDtzG@JcsKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 388) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 86) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? ewfwvif;òr d e,f/ tkww f iG ;f uke;f &Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d &Sed . f om; jzpfonf? 1917 ckEpS /f {+yD v (4) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;tke;f aiGonf 0dZm bJ@G EiS hf ynma&;'Dyvkrd mbJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? rlvwef; ausmif;q&m}u;D tjzpfrS òr@d e,fynma&;r ; (yef;awmif;) tqift h xd ynm0efxrf;cJI h 1977 ckEpS w f iG f t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? rD;owf/ aq;±Hpk onfh bmoma&;toif;tzJ@G rsm;/ vlra_ &;toif;tzG@J rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

14? 'dkufOD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;&JxGÉf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;&JxÉG o f nf 'du k Of ;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 978)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 69) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? &efuek òf r d / wmarGZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1)&ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;jroef; .om;jzpfonf? OD;&JxÉG o f nf 1975 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek pf ;D yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd pm&if;ppf/ vufaxmuftvkyo f rm;t&m&S/d 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Drkd ua&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? OD;&JxÉG o f nf 1969 ckEpS /f u|e;f qG,t f a&;tcif;/ 1974 ckEpS /f OD;oef ta&;tcif;ESihf tvkyo f rm;ta&;tcif;wd k Yyg0ifco hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh ta&; ,lc&H +y;D tvky=f urf;ESiahf xmif'%f (2) ESpf usccH &hJ onf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae u rE aW v;/ taemufawmifòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyf±;Hk Yðyvkyo f nfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zG J pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;a0;od k wufa&mufco hJ jzifh e0w. zrf;qD;r_uckd &H +y;D jypfrq _ ikd &f myk'rf 122 (1) jzifh w&m;pGJ um 1991 ckEpS /f arvwGif axmif'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZif bmv (30) &ufae wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (984) jzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsucf hJ onf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1411) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv 6 &uf)

15? 'dkufOD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdefxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pdex f eG ;f onf 'du k Of ;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 761) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 'du k Of ;D òr d e,f/ ayguw f yifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f &if/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1942 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? OD;pdefxGef;onf 0dZ m (Oya') bGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZ mbJG@& w&m;±H;k csKyaf &S aewOD;jzpfonf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kHu;D wGif yg0ifonf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (3) &ufae wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

? OD;tke;f aiGtm; yJc;l wdik ;f ewfwvif;òr e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdik ;f / ewfwvif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;tke;f aiGu rdro d nf touft&G,}f u;D &if+h y;D use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh Edik if aH &;udk qufvufraqmif&u G Ef ikd af wmhygoI rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qEN tav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;tke;f aiG.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;tke;f aiGtm; ,ae@rpS I ewfwvif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G f cGiðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

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ta=umif;t&m?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

17? ewfwvif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmpdefxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmpdex f eG ;f ewfwvif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 548) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 33) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1931 ckEpS /f ZGev f (6) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifjrif. h om;jzpfonf? OD;apmpdex f eG ;f onf odyH` (pku d yf sK;d &;) bG@J EiS hf Oya'0dZm bJ@G w@dk ukd 1955 ckEpS Ef iS fh 1960 jynfEh pS w f @kd wiG f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1955 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS f txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ ewfwvif;òrd / 1957 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1958 ckEpS w f iG f ±kuaQ A't&m&Sd (arSmb f )D / (ajrmif;jr)/ 1958 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS t f xd c±kid pf u kd yf sK;d a&;t&m&Sd (om,m0wD§ +rw d )f / 1967 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd ausmif;tky/f pku d yf sK;d arG;jrLa&;txufwef;ausmif; (erfq h rf;§ oJuek ;f )/ 1977 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd 'kw, d vufaxmuf taxGaxGrefae*sm/ v,f,mpku d yf sK;d a&; aumfyakd &;&Si;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyAf [dk awmifov l ,form;vkyif ef;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

1957 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1968 ckEpS rf pS I a&S ae (w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S ae) tjzpf vku d yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw GJ iG f wEkid if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh ckid v f rkH t J a&twGuf trsm;qH;k &&So d l jzpfonf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

18? yJcl;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;pd;k 0if;onf yJc;l òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygwt D m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (44 288) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 33) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHchJ &onf? anmifO;D òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? 1945 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (7) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;=uifqikd jf zpf onf? OD;pd;k 0if;onf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek pf ;D yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S 0g%Zd (pufru _ ek x f w k )f bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd okawoevufaxmuf (pDru H ed ;f Xme) *keef pD uf¶/kH tkwu f si;f / xd@k aemuf yHEk ydS v f yk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif a':atmif qef;pk=unf.vHðk cHa&;ESihf vlra_ &;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f A[do k wif;ESihf jyef=um;a&;tzG@J 0if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygww D iG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2002 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfvmcJo h nf? 2003 ckEpS /f ar (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uH wdu k cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ uD;jzpfymG ;t+yD;/ ZGev f (3) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;.zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ I zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;pOfumvtwGi;f n O;f yrf;ESyd pf ufcx H m;&onfh '%f&mrsm;jzifh ZGev f (29) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS aetdrjf yefy@kd co hJ nf? ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. n O;f yrf;ESyd pf ufra_ =umifh nmbufrsupf u d , G o f mG ;cJo h nf?

20? jynfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef; (+idrf;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? Adv k rf ;ª }u;D armiftek ;f (+ird ;f ) onf jynfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif wdik f;&if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwt D m;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 850) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (42 ² 05) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &efuek fòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f az/ trd a':at;pdew f @kd rS 1929 ckEpS /f {+yv D (7) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? =unf;§6977 Adv k rf ;ª }u;D armiftek ;f (+ird ;f ) onf &ef uke/f a&ausmf rufo'pfausmif;wGif qÏrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1955 ckESpfwGif &efukef wuUodkvfrS pufrt _ if*sief , D mbG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1949 ckEpS rf S 1955 ckEpS t f xd waumif;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; OuUÏ/ 1955 ckEpS /f {+yv D rS 1981 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f txd wyfrawmfwiG f 'kw, d Adv k t f qifrh S Adv k rf ;ª }u;D tqift h xd yvp (1) &efuek /f evc (5) Axl;/ vvp (555) armfvòrid /f uyp(4)/ uuxkwf !¸e=f um;a&;rª;¶H;k / 1964 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd pufrv _ ufrw _ ;kd cs J vkyu f ikd af &;aumfyakd &;&Si;f (pwvu) tr_aqmif'g¶u kd w f m/ 1981 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (1) &ufae@wiG f wyfrawmfrS t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwo D @kd 0ifco hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd A[dak umfrwD0if/ yef;awmif; rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,/f pufr_ (1) pufr0_ ef}u;D Xme 'kw, d 0ef}u;D / jynfo@l vkyif ef;ppfaq;a&;tzG@J 0if/ jynfy (9) Edik if o H @kd Edik if w H m0efjzifo h mG ;a&mufco hJ nf? pDru H ed ;f puf¶}kH u;D (7) ¶Hu k kd wm0ef,w l nfaqmufco hJ nf?

19? yJcl;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrwfvS/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrwfvo S nf yJc;l òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðy I 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (53 527) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 77) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? yJc;l òr d e,f/ ayyifacsmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdex f eG ;f / trd a':at;wifw@kd rS 1935 ckEpS /f arv (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? OD;jrwfvo S nf trsK;d om;wef;jrifh ausmif; (yJc;l ) rS wuUov kd 0f if wef; atmifjrifI 1957 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G EiS hf 1967 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0dZm bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf?

21? jynfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;aomif;pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;aomif;pdeo f nf jynfòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðy I 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 941)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (51 ² 52) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? oJuek ;f òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pk;d rif;/ trd a':at;jrwk@d rS 1930 jynfEh pS f wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;aomif;pdeo f nf oJuek ;f òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif ud;k wef;txd ynm oif=um;cJo h nf? 1953 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfh ESpt f xd tulpma&;/ tifpyufawmf qefpyg;a&mif;0,fa&;/ eu&z/ 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd qnfajrmif;Xme uefx±du k w f m/ 1962 ckEpS rf S 1990 jynfEh pS f txd ud, k yf idk q f efpufvyk if ef;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif jynfòr d e,f qefjzef@jzL;a&; OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? jynfòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUÏ tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf; ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§ 99 jzift h rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1433) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydkwGJvqef; 10 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 26 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;ode;f [eftm; yJc;l wdik ;f / yef;awmif;òr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqEN e,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm uf cHxm;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdik ;f / yef;awmif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;ode;f [efu rdro d nf ,cktcg use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ f awmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;. qEN tav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;ode;f [ef.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;ode;f [eftm; ,ae@rpS I yef;awmif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G f cGiðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

22? yef;awmif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wiftkef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wiftek ;f onf yef;awmif;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 133) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 58) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;apmv_id /f trd a':oef;pdew f @kd rS 1946 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? yef;awmif;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wiftek ;f onf &efuek òf rd pHjytrsK;d om;txufwef; ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1966 ckEpS t f xd jynfo@l qikd w f m0efc/H 1966 ckEpS rf S 1970 jynfEh pS t f xd aiGuikd pf ma&;/ òr d e,fuek o f , G af &;/ 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS t f xd toif;pkr;ª / òr d e,for0g,r/ 1989 ckEpS rf S 1990 jynfEh pS t f xd òr d e,fowif;axmuf/ yef;awmif;/ yef; awmif;òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf 'kw, d OuUÏ wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1997 ckEpS /f rwfv (21) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1349)jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0; qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 041§ pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? 23? yef;awmif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ode;f [ef/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? OD;ode;f [efonf yef;awmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 050) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 8) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? yef;awmif;òr d e,f/ Oo#pyf if&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHa&$/ trd a':!Ge@f w@dk rS 1939 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (3) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ode;f [efonf vkyo f m;aumvdyw f iG f ±lyaA' yxrESpt f xd ynmoif,cl o hJ nf? 1961 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd pma&;0efxrf;/ tvkyo f rm;!$e=f um; a&;OD;pD;Xme/ 1981 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd &J[ef uavmiftrnfjzihf 0w K/ aqmif;yg; (90) cef@ a&; om;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif jrefatmifòr d Y yg0ifchJ onf? yef;awmif;òrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (26) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf?

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24? aygufacgif;òr e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? a'guw f mpde0f if;onf ayguaf cgi;f òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygwt D m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 511) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (49 ² 94) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}u;D -OD;b0if; (Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;. tud)k / trd a':cifapm wd@k rS 1944 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? rauG;wdik ;f / awmifwiG ;f }u;D òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? a'guw f mpde0f if;onf 1965 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S odyH` (ocsmF ) *k%x f ;l bG@J / 1974 ckEpS w f iG f *smrefjynfaxmifpo k rRwEdik if /H [rf;bwfwuUov kd rf S r[modyb H` @JG EiS hf 1979 ckEpS w f iG f a'guw f m (yg&*locsmF ) Ph.D. (Hamburg University, Germany) bG@J w@kd &&Scd o hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd ocsmF uxdu/ udv k b H w kd uUov kd f (oD&v d uFmEdik if )H / 1982 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd Edik ¶f b kd w D uUov kd f (uifnmEdik if )H / jrefrmEdik if w H iG ;f od@k ADZmtwkjzifh jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmojzifh tif;pdeaf xmifwiG f axmif '%f (9) v jypf'%fccH &hJ onf? 1986 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd tcsed yf ikd ;f uxdu/ ocsmF Xme/ vkyo f m; aumvdy/f 1989 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jyef=um;a&;Xme (b¾ma&;wm0efc)H / trsK;d om;

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

'Dru kd a&pDygwOD uUÏwm0efrsm; ,lco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f rme,fyavmY jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG pnf;onft h cg/ umuG,af &;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D / jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D / 0ef}u;D csKyftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &uf ae@wiG f ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (903) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf - 11/ yk'rf cGJ (q) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad wmha=umif;ESihf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; a=unmcJh onf? 1991 ckEpS /f {+yDv (25) &ufae@wiG f trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyifqifw;kd cs J zG@J pnf;onfh tcg tqdyk gwm0efrsm;udk qufvufaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (21) &ufae@wiG f qG'D ifEikd if /H AGefrm;pApfY trsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&jyefvnfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh EdkifiHjcm;a&; 0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf aqmif&u G cf +hJ y;D / 2000 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (7) &ufae@wiG f tdik , f mvefEikd if /H 'yfAvifòr d Y trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onft h cg 0ef}u;D csKyftjzpf aqmif&u G cf &hJ m ,ae@ wdik jf zpfonf?

ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 005)rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (75 ² 5) jzifh a&G;cs,f wif ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? aygi;f wnfòrd e,f/ o&ufo;kH yif&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aiG'g;/ trd a':pdejf cL wd@k rS 1941 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;at;oef;onf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f 0dZm ESihf odyw H` uUov kd rf S 0dZm (jrefrmpm) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1967 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ukeo f nfvyk if ef;jzifh toufarG;I 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif oydwaf umfrwD0if/ aygi;f wnfòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òrd@e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;rª; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d)k rS tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,fvu kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@wiG f owif;xkwjf yefcsut f rSwf (12§92) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf?

25? aygif;wnfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tkef;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f Edik o f nf aygi;f wnfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 589) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? aygi;f wnfòr d / bk&m;ig;ql&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdeòf z;d / trd a':pdew f @kd rS 1933 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (11) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;tke;f Ekid o f nf &efuek w f uUov dk rf S odyb H` @GJ / ynma&; 'Dyvkrd mESifh ynma&;0dZm bJ@G w@dk ukd 1964 ckEpS w f iG &f &Scd o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd aygi;f wnf tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1976 ckEpS t f xd vufaxmuf uxdu/ q&mtwwfoif/ oJuek ;f òr d / 1976 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd tv,fwef;ausmif;tky/f tpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bk&m;ig;ql/ aygi;f wnfòr d / 1981 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ aygi;f wnfòrd / 'ku d Of ;D (usKu d pf aum)/ &efuek w f uUov dk af usmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;nD!w G af &; wyfOD;/ jynfc±dkifausmif;om;ausmif;oltoif;/ o[m,ESihfpmzwftoif;rsm;tzJG@csKyfwdk@wGif yg0if v_y&f mS ;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif qENjyausmif;om;rsm; t=urf;zufrr_ &Sad tmif aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (19) &ufae@wiG f wm0efrS emruse;f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d)k rS tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,f vdu k af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@wiG f owif;xkwjf yefcsut f rSwf (12§92) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf?

27? jzL;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf jzL;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 067) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 96) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jzL;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bd;k a*gi/f trd a':pdeaf rwk@d rS 1929 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifoef;onf 1962 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bJ@G EiS hf 1973 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&; 'Dyvkrd m&&Scd o hJ nf? 1944 ckEpS f rS 1946 ckEpS t f xd tm&Svil ,ftzJ@G 0if/ 1959 - 60 ckEpS w f iG f òr d e,f z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygw0D if/ 1954 ckEpS rf S 1959 ckEpS t f xd txufwef;jy/ jzL;òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1963 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd ausmif; tky/f oapP;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; (&rnf;oif;)/ tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf (3)/ tvHk (&efuek )f / 1981 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd ausmif;tky}f uD;/ a*s,t l pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ aZ,s0wD/ 1986 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fynma&;r ; (awmifi)l / 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif awmifiòl rd e,f'rD u kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_A[dak umfrwD 'kw, d OuUÏ/ puf±/kH tvky±f EkH iS fh 0efxrf;aygi;f pHo k r*~OuUÏ/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf ynma&;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;. em,utjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (2) &uf ae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1415) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

26? aygif;wnfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;at;oef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;oef;onf aygi;f wnfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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188

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1415) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvqef; 14 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 2 &uf)

2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S f a&;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

ta=umif;t&m?

? OD;atmifoef;tm; yJc;l wdik ;f / jzL;òr e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdik ;f / jzL;òr d e,f jynfo@l v$waf wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;atmifoef;u rdro d nf touft&G,}f u;D &ifv h m+y;D use;f rma&;csK d wJv h mygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qEN tav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;atmifoef;.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;atmifoef;tm;,ae@rpS I jzL;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

29? rif;vSòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifhvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifv h iG o f nf rif;vSòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 110) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 12) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? aysmb f , G fòr d e,f/ &efatmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1927 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (4) &ufae@ zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifhvGifonf ysOf;rem;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1936 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;rª;/ oydwt f r_aqmif/ 1942 ckEpS w f iG f tm&Svil ,f/ bD'aD t/ yDAt D ufz/f zufqpfawmfveS af &;wGiyf g0ifcI hJ armfueG ;f 0if'w k , d qif&h cJh onf? 1946 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmf tif*sief , D mwyfo@kd wyfom;tjzpf pwif0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd =unf; (5326) 'kAv dk /f cv& (1) wyfcrGJ ;ª / cv& (5) OD;pD;t&m&S/d ajcvsiw f yfr[m (4) ESifh (5) wyfcrGJ ;ª / cv& (28) ESicfh r& (104) OD;pD; (w) 'kwyf&if;rª;/ cr& (102) OD;pD; ('k) vyc/ wyc/ wyf&if;rª;/ cv& (48) cvu OuUÏ/ wyf&if;rª;/ cv& (20) wvu OuUÏ/ &ckid w f yfaygi;f pkr;ª / ausmif;tkyf }u;D / A[djk ynfo0l efxrf;ausmif;/ A[dak umfrwD (t&ef) a&;&maumfrwD0if/ A[dak umfrwD0if/ a&;&mtwGi;f a&;rª;/ qdAk , D ufjynfaxmifpo k mG ;v$waf wmf tzJ@G 0if/ vSn;f ul; (1) v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,/f 1977 ckEpS f wGif ygwpD nf;urf;t& vrf;pOfygwrD x S w k yf ,fjcif;cH&onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifonf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[dak umfrwD0iftjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (13) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS E_wx f u G af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf?

28? jzL;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdk;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k armifonf jzL;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 588) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 84) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;at;/ trd a':vSòrid w f @dk rS 1944 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? jzL;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pk;d armifonf 0dZm bJ@G EiS Ohf ya'bJ@G ukd &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov dk rf &S &Scd o hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1972 ckEpS f txd txufwef;a&S ae/ 1972 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S ae/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd Oya'0efxrf;tqihf (4)/ Oya'±H;k (ueD/ urR/ v_id )f / 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif jzL;òr@d e,f 'Dru dk a&pDwyfO;D 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G f cJo h nf? jzL;òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDOuUÏwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vku d yf gaqmif&u G o f nf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (24) &ufae@wiG f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf?

30? rif;vSòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a':vSvSrdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':vSvrS ;dk onf rif;vSòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 282) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1943 ckEpS zf mG ;jzpfonf? rif;vSòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSb;l .orD; jzpfonf? a':vSvrS ;kd onf 1961 ckEpS f wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1966 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm (yx0D0if) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? xkEd pS rf mS yif rif;vSòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;Y tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1968 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;jy q&mrtjzpf wm0efxef;aqmifc+hJ y;D 1984 ckEpS w f iG f bDt;D 'Db@GJ &&So d nf? 1988 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f t+ird ;f pm;,l&efav#mufxm;cJ+h y;D / 1989 ckEpS w f iG yf ifpif&onf? 1975 ckEpS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS f txd òr d e,fvrf;pOfvil ,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDtzG@J 0if/ rif;vSòr@d e,f/ 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f rdrq d ENt& Ekwf xGucf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0if jzpfonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

31? rdk;ndKòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSatmifonf rd;k ndKòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 210) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 76) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1924 ckEpS zf mG ;jzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d pde. f om;jzpfonf? OD;vSatmifonf i,fpOfu (10) wef;ynmukd yJc;l wdik ;f xH;k bdw k iG o f if=um;cJ+h y;D 1941 ckEpS w f iG f 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k wGif Armhvuf±;kH wyfom; tjzpf yg0ifco hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS w f iG f bDtidk af t-Adv k rf ; &efEidk /f Adv k o f &l wyf&if;/ uaemifwyfc±GJ ;kH tky/f 1943-44 ckEpS f a&uif;òr d wGif rlvwef;ausmif;q&mtjzpfwm0ef,pl Of 1945 ckEpS /f zufqpfawmfveS af &; wm0efygwb GJ uf,cl +hJ y;D 1946-47 ckEpS w f iG f (yDAt D )kd jynfo@l ppfacgi;f aqmifrsm;zJ@G pnf;pOf ppfacgi;f aqmif/ taxGaxGXmer ;/ 1947-48 ckEpS w f iG f Armht&efwyfrawmf/ om,m0wDY ±H;k tky/f tvHq k yd u f rf;rsm;wGif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1950 jynfEh pS rf S 1956 ckEpS w f iG f rk;d ndKY z-q-y-v o§r wm0ef/ xkrd S z-q-yv y-x-p§ OD;-Adv k f tkypf rk sm;wGif 1962 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@txd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

OD;xGef;a&$ touf (70)

32? rdk;ndKòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;a&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;xGef;a&$onf rkd;ndKòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14 223) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (65 ² 11) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1933 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;vSarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;xGe;f a&$onf ody/H` Oya'0dZm bJ@G EiS fh ynma&;0dZm bJ@G w@dk &&Scd o hJ nf? 1956 ckEpS rf S 1964 ckEpS t f xd ausmif;q&m/ a&S ae/ or0g,r twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOf ygwD A[dEk ikd if aH &;odyH` trSwpf Of (3) qif;/ tcsed jf ynfh au'gygwaD &;&mr ;/ A[dak umfrwD0if/ ygwpD nf;urf; xde;f aumfrwD0if/ vufaxmufa&S aecsKyf/ A[dOk ya'±H;k !$e=f um;a&;rª;/ A[dak jr,maumfrwD0if/ tajccH Oya'aumfr&Sit f zJ@G 0if/ *syefEidk if o H mG ;v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f zG@J twGi;f a&;rª;/ AD,mem®r@wiG u f si;f y onf@ (Treaty of Treaties) . Oya'ynm&Si/f rd;k ndKvGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f wwd,t}urd yf gwn D v D mcH a&G;cs,fwifajr mufr_ESifhywfoufI rJa&G;cs,fr_yÉdyuQwGifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? armifxGef;a&$ (A[dw k &m;¶H;k a&S ae) trnfjzifh Oya'aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@wiG f tzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif tzG@J rS pmtrSwf - 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh OD;xGe;f a&$tm; tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? tzG@J csKyfrx S w k yf ,fccH &hJ +yD;aemuf etz owif;pmrsm;wGif armifxeG ;f a&$ (w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S ae/ rd;k ndK) [lonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh tzG@J csKyftm; wdu k cf u kd o f nfh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJo h nf? 2002 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

191

(B.Sc., B.L., B.Ed.)

(armifxGef;a&$/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa&S ae) &efuek òf r d / =unfjh rifwikd òf r d e,f aps;}u;D ta&S &yfuu G /f tif;pdew f ef;vrf;/ trSwf (75) ae (a':cif oef;) . cifyeG ;f / OD;rsK;d vGi-f a':cifarOD;/ OD;'ge-a':cifa&$O;D / OD;udu k Ekd ikd -f a':cifxm;OD;/ OD;xGe;f armf-a':pef; pef;armf/ (OD;xGe;f aZmf)-a':rdrid ,f/ OD;vSped -f a':cifapmOD;/ OD;xGe;f vif;armifw@kd . arG;ozcif/ ajr;ckepf a,mufw@kd . tbd;k onf (4-2-2002) &ufwiG f uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygI (6-2-2002) (Ak'[ < ;l ) ae@ nae (3) em&DwiG f xdeyf iftat;wdu k rf S xdeyf ifoo k mefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D oò* [ õ yf grnf? use&f pforl o d m;pk 33? a&wm&Snfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmausmfausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mausmaf usmo f nf a&wm&Snfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 874) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (57 ² 91) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rE @W av;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udu k /kd trd a':oef;oef;wd@k rS 1951 ckEpS /f {+yDv (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f mausmaf usmo f nf 1978 ckEpS w f iG f oGm;buf qkid &f maq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? ,if;aemuf jyifyaq;cef;wGif aq;ukor_ vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf hJ onf? 1350 jynfEh pS (f 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òr@d e,f oydwpf cef;wm0efcH wOD;tjzpf t=urf;zufrr_ sm;ray:ayguaf tmif xde;f odr;f cJo h nf? a&wm&Snòf r d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf OuUÏwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 34? a&wm&Snfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f atmifonf a&wm&Snòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 571) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (60 ² 56) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? avmrusO;f awm&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bd;k aumif;/ trd a':Oav;wk@d rS 1950 jynfEh pS /f {+yv D (29) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;xGe;f atmifonf pufro _ yd /H` tif;pderf S 1974 ckEpS w f iG f pufro _ yd H` 'Dyvdrk m&&Scd o hJ nf? tif;pdepf ufro _ yd H` òr@d jypm=unfw h u dk u f dk OD;aqmifz@GJ pnf;cJo h nf? 1978-79 ckEpS w f iG f om*&òr d / apwemnausmif;Y apwemq&mtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@u rE aW v; taemufawmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy±f ;Hk wGiðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpk;d & zG@J pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;ok@d wufa&mufco hJ nft h jyif trmcH (6) OD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (1) &ufae@ u rE aW v;-aròr@d um;vrf;ab; qefpuf0if;xJwiG ðf yvkyaf om awmwGi;f e,fpyfwae&mwGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (20) od@k r[kwf (25) OD; oGm;a&mufum ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;

192

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&;tpnf;ta0;ESifh 1990 jynfEh pS /f Ed0k ifbmv (8) &ufae@ v#K d 0Sut f pnf;a0;wk@d ukd wufa&mufcI hJ zrf;qD; xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;xGe;f atmifonf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) (n)ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f tjzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f a=unm csut f rSwf (992) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f ( 43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 35? a&$usifòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdk;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k vGio f nf a&Gusiòf rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf ,SOòf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 840) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 62) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? a&$usiòf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wkw/f trd a':trmwk@d rS 1946 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pd;k vGio f nf 1976 ckEpS w f iG f a&$usiòf r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1981-82 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov dk pf may;pm,loifwef;rS Oya'bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (20) &ufae@ wGif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1432) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydkwGJvqef; 4 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 20 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? OD;pdk;vGiftm; yJcl;wdkif;/ a&$usifòr e,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf ud k , f p m;vS , f t jzpf a&G ; aumuf w if a jr m uf cHxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdik ;f / a&$usiòf rd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcH xm;&ol OD;pd;k vGiu f rdro d nf use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumf r&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;pd;k vGi. f wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

193

11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;pd;k vGit f m; ,ae@rpS I a&$usiòf r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 36? a&$awmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;oef;ºuG,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;ºu, G o f nf a&$awmifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 280) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 75) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? a&$awmifòr d e,f/ us;D oJZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f pde/f trd a': jrwifw@dk rS 1942 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;oef;ºu, G o f nf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd hJ onf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1987 ckEpS f txd ukeo f , G 0f efxrf;/ pm&if;udik /f 1987 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? xd@k aemuf ukeo f nfvyk if ef;jzifh toufarG;onf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwb kd mvrsm; twGi;f rE aW v;+rdK Yðyvkyo f nfh pifòydif awmwGi;f ,m,Dtpd;k &zG J pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;rsm;od k wuf a&mufcrhJ a_ =umifh 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae wiG f A[ef;òr d e,fw&m;±H;k Y w&m;pGq J ckd &H +y;D w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;oef;ºu, G o f nf 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae wiG f vGwaf jrmufe,fajr rme,fyavmYzG@J pnf;cJo h nfh trsK;d om;!$e f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J wiG f ukeo f , G af &;ESihf or0g,r0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrefrmEdik if H 'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfaygi;f pk (Democratic Front of Burma) wGif tzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? xd@k a=umifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG axGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr±Sirf S 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (903) jzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsucf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f ,lxm;onfh wm0efrsm;rS vnf; aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy. f 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (22)&ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 755§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwðf yxm;jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (19) &ufae wiG f xdik ;f Edik if /H befaumufòr d &Sd jrefrmppfo±H ;kH / ppforH ;ª Adv k rf ;ª }u;D A[de;f xH OD;jrifah tmif (rauG;wdik ;f / uHròr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,)f ESit hf wl qufo, G o f wif;yd@k I tzrf;cHco hJ nf? Edik if aH wmf +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rS jrefrmEdik if o H @kd jyefvnfac:,lc&hJ m 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (23) &ufae@wiG f xdik ;f Edik if /H befaumufòr d rS jrefrmEdik if /H &efuek òf r d od@k av,mOfjzifh jyefvnfa&muf&cdS o hJ nf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J rS Ekwx f u G af =umif; 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (31) &ufae@ &efuek òf r d wGiðf yvkyo f nfo h wif;pm&Si;f vif;yGYJ a=unmcJo h nf?

194

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

37? a&$awmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ydkufðcH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ydu k ðf cHonf a&$awmifòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 635)rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 21) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? yckuLU jrpfajcxaemif;uke;f aus;&GmwGif tz OD;&Si/f trd a':ode;f &Siw f @dk rS 1945 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ydu k ðf co H nf i,fpOfu xaemif;uke;f &Gm uHO;D ausmif; q&mawmfxw H iG f ynmpwifoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1979 ckEpS w f iG f &efuefwuUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1984 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yJaG tmifjrifI Oya'tusK;d aqmifjzpfvmcJo h nf? pma&q&m/ uAsm q&m/ t,f'w D m/ a&S ae ponfjzihf b0pHo k nf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f a':cifpef;vGiEf iS fh vufxyfco hJ nf? yJc;l wdik ;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J 0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1958-59 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;jy óu d yifaumuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1961 ckEpS rf S 1963 ckEpS t f xd tvkyo f rm;nD!w G af &;ygwED iS fh y-r-n-w obmywdtzJ@G 0if/ 1963 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yJG atmifjrif cJo h nf? 1971 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd qdAk , D uf±yk &f iS u f , kd pf m;vS,±f ;kH twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1978 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd a&S ae/ 1986 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS f txd =uaH wmifo/l 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif òrd e,f'rD u dk a&pDwyfaygi;f pk 'kw, d OuUÏ/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,f OuUÏ wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

38? vufyHwef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifjrifo h nf vufyw H ef;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 541) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 54) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? vufyefwef;òr@d e,f/ crHq k yd &f mG rZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cifarmif/ trd a':axG; wifw@dk rS 1944 ckEpS /f ZGef v (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifjrifo h nf vufyHwef;òr d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGaJ tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1960-61 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;om; or*~aqmf=oa&;r ;/ 1961 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygw0D ifjzpf cJo h nf? 1967 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd Ekid if aH &;t&zrf;qD; xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1973-74 ckEpS w f iG f pma&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd "mwftyfpu kd u f Ek iS hf [drk ydk ufopform;awmf/ vlra_ &;tzJ@G rsm;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òr d e,f 'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk jynfol@a&;&mwm0efcH/ òrd e,f&yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'tzJG@ wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;r ;/ vufyw H ef;òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf twGi;f a&;r ;/ rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif; rsm;tzJ@G OuUÏwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@ wGif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

40? a0gòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifa&$onf a0gòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (10 618) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 48) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;tke;f .om;jzpfonf? 1941 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f yJE, G u f ek ;f / ausmufwcH g; òrd e,fwiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? odyH` ("mwkaA') t"dujzihf bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifz@GJ pnf;wnfaxmifonft h cg a0gòr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUÏ wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f {+yv D wGif ygwrD S Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd f pm;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD; wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

39? vufyw H ef;òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;!Gef@at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f at;onf vufyw H ef;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 829) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 23) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? vufyefwef;òr d e,f/ uGr;f jc&H mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d a&$/ trd a':cifyw k @dk rS 1936 ckEpS /f {+yDv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;!Ge@f at;onf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S OypmodyH`

41? a0gòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdk;odrf; (armif0Ho)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k odr;f onf a0gòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðy I 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 997) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 21) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? yJc;l òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? yJc;l wdik ;f / a0gòr d e,f/ jrpfusK;d aus;&Gm/ v,f,mESihf qefpufvyk if ef;ydik &f iS f tz ODarmifcif/ trd a': jrpdew f @kd rS 1945 ckEpS /f {+yv D (17) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? arG;csi;f (8) a,mufteuf ti,fq;kH jzpfonf? OD;pd;k odr;f onf jrpfusK;d aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;rS rlvwef; atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / yJc;l òr d trsK;d om;wef;jrifah usmif;od@k qufvufwufa&mufI wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmif jrifum &efuek w f uUov kd o f @kd qufvufwufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 0dZm bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1962 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f wuUov kd f (4) OD; aumfrwD0iftjzpf yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? OD;pdk;odrf;onf 1962 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd taxmufawmfowif;pm wuUov kd o f wif;axmuf/ 1964 ckEpS w f iG f vkyo f m;jynfo@l ae@pOfowif; axmuf/ vufaxmuft,f'Dwm/ 1967-68 ckESpfwGif jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme owif;pmtwwf

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; oifausmif;Y yxrywfowif;pmynmoifwef; wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f jrefrmhtvif; owif;pm t,f'w D mtjzpfvyk u f ikd cf +hJ y;D / 1976 ckEpS w f iG f *syefEikd if o H @kd owif;pmynmavhvma&;c&D; oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duefjynfaxmifpk rpf&*DS ef wuUov kd Yf toufarG;0rf; usmif; owif;pmynm zJv;kd &Sp f oifwef;od@k wufa&mufatmifjrifco hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v;[Hom0wD owif;pmt,f'w D mtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ Akv d w f axmifowif;pm t,f'w D mtjzpf vnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS t f xd &efuek w f ikd ;f / a'oaumvdyf trSwf (1) Y vlxkqufoG,fa&;bmom&yfudk tcsdefydkif;oif=um;ykd@cscJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfY ynmoif=um;aepOf ausmif;om;nD!w G af &;wyfO;D ESihf ausmif;om;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;Y yg0ifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif owif;pmwdu k af ygi;f pHak umfrwD0iftjzpf yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h jzifh 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvqef;rSpI Adv k w f axmifowif;pm t,f'w D mtjzpfrS wm0ef&yfpjJ cif;cHc&hJ onf? OuUÏ OD;wifO;D / taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd OD;aqmifaom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfpwifxal xmifaomtcg wwfoyd nm&Sirf sm;tzG@J wiG yf g0ifcu hJ m yJc;l wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / yJc;l wdik ;f (28) òr d e,ftwGi;f pnf;¶H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? if;aemuf A[dOk ;D pD;tzG@J 0iftjzpf yl;wGw J m0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@ txde;f odr;f rcH&rD wd;k cs J zG@J pnf;cJah om A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J wiG f tzG@J 0if tjzpfw;kd jri hf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@ eHeufyikd ;f rSpI trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy¶f ;kH wnf&&dS m wuUov kd &f yd o f mvrf;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1962 ckEpS /f &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG yf nmoif=um;aepOf Zlvikd f (7) &ufta&;tcif;wGif ausmif;om;nD!w $ af &;wyfO;D twGi;f a&;rª;tzG J 0iftjzpf yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJrh a_ =umifh ausmif;xkwjf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f wGi;f owif;pmq&mtjzpfvyk u f ikd cf +hJ y;D / armif0o H trnfjzifh pmtkypf mwrf; trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJo h nf? 1958 ckEpS w f iG f uAsmESi0hf w Kwrkd sm; pwifa&;om;cJ+h y;D / armif0o H uavmiftrnfukd 1961 ckEpS w f iG f pwiftoH;k ðycJh onf? 1965 ckEpS rf pS I ynma&;ESihf vli,fqikd &f maqmif;yg;rsm; trsm;qH;k a&;om;cJo h nf? 1975/ 1976/ 1977 ckEpS rf sm;wGif ta&S awmifEiS hf ta&S ajrmufe,fjcm;rsm;od@k c&D;xGucf +hJ yD;/ e,fjcm;a&;&mrsm;ESihf rl;,pfaq;0g;wdu k zf suaf &; v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;ta=umif;/ owif;pmrsm;wGif tcef;qufaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJ+h y;D pkpak ygi;f aqmif;yg;yk'af & (400)ausmaf &;om;cho J nf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f upfqif;*sm; Edik if aH &;tw Kyw ` dW pmtkyjf zifh vH;k csi;f avmu od@k 0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D / rdak &S'g,ef / tm,efa'; / tD*spo f rRwq'wf / epf qif / rm&S,w f ;D wd;k / c¶k&u S f / armifb h ufwef paom Edik if aH &;tw Kyw ` pdW mtkyrf sm;a&;om;cJo h nf? a&S ae}u;D y,f&aD rqif tkyw f JG pmpOf0w Krsm;udk bmomjyefco hJ nf? acwfòyifurBmah &;&m tbd"mef pmtkyf (1982) udðk ypkco hJ nf? a&mbwfyif;0g;&if;. (All The King's Men) udk rd;k rjrif avrjrif trnfjzifv h nf;aumif;/ upfqif;*sm;. tawG@tñurH w S w f rf;rsm;udk tdrjf zLawmfEpS rf sm; ESihf uaomif; ueif; ESprf sm; trnfrsm;jzifv h nf;aumif; jrefrmbmomjyefco hJ nf? 1984 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvrSpI tawG;tjrif pmpOfuv kd nf;aumif;/ 1985 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D rSpI vlc|ev f rl eG f pmpOfuv kd nf;aumif;/ 1987 ckEpS w f iG f owif;xl; / bufp kH *sme,frsm;udv k nf;aumif; pDpOfxw k af 0cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,al epOf *EDq N ;kH jzwfcsut f wdik ;f e0wu v$waf wmfac:ray;v#iaf qmif&u G zf kd vo kd nfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,pf mwrf;ðypk&mY twGi;f ususyg0ifcrhJ _

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; a=umif[ h q k u kd m e0wu if;tm; 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (u) (c) (n) jzifh w&m;pGu J m 1990 jynfEh pS /f Ed0k ifbmvtwGi;f wGif axmif'%fcsrw S cf o hJ nf? enf;vrf;oH;k oG,pf mwrf; udpYP if;tygt0if A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG J 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;csr;f at; (armifp;l prf;)/ OD;cifarmif aqG/ OD;ausmrf if; (Adou k mausmrf if;)/ OD;pdev f OS ;D (armifE, G Of ;D ) wd k uykd g e0wu zrf;qD;axmifcsco hJ nf? xk d tjyif Adv k rf ;ª }uD;a[mif;rsK;d atmif (xm;0,f-2)/ Adv k }f uD;a[mif;wif0if;ESihf A[dv k il ,ftzG J rS udrk ;kd aZmfO;D / udk&efatmif/ udk0if;vd_if/ udkudk}uD;wdk udkvnf; wygwnf;zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (984) jzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsucf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f {+yv D (29) &uf ae wiG f tif;pdef tusO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 1996 ckEpS /f arvwGif t=urf;rzuf Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_ aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJo h jzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D axmif'%f (5) ESpf csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (13) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 42? oeyfyifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;at;odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;ode;f onf oeyfyifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 847) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 16) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? oeyfyifòrd / atmufp&k yfuu G Zf mwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;a&$/ trd a': jr =unfw@dk rS 1959 ckEpS /f {+yv D (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;at;ode;f onf 1975 ckEpS w f iG f oeyfyif tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f pmay;pm,ljzihf Oya'bJ@G &&Scd hJ onf? w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpfvu kd yf gaqmif&u G I f toufarG;onf? 43? oeyfyifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmaX;odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f maX;ode;f onf oeyfyifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 390) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 49) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? yJc;l òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspaf rmif/ trd a':usiEf w k @dk rS 1953 ckEpS /f pufwif bmv (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? OD;aX;ode;f onf &efuek af q;wuUov kd f (2) rS q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? ajrmufOuUvmyaq;±Hw k iG f tvkyo f ifq&m0eftjzpf tr_xrf;cJ+h y;D aemuf ud, k yf idk af q;cef;zGix hf m;onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif oeyfyifòr d e,fausmif;om;or*~ em,utjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D aemuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k iG o f mG ;a&mufaexdik f cJo h nf? 44? oJuek ;f òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;onf oJuek ;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 179) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (50 ² 57) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;

198

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

cHc&hJ onf? oJuek ;f òr d e,f/ tif;rZmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;wif/ trd a':tke;f wifw@dk rS 1925 ckEpS /f azazmf0g &Dv (22) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;at;onf 1939 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrm (9) wef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1942-43 ckEpS w f iG f &J=uyf}u;D / 1943-44 ckEpS w f iG f &Jtyk /f 1945 ckEpS /f awmfveS af &;twGuf &Jtxl; axmufvrS ;f a&;wm0ef/ Akv d rf ; }uD;Axl;.tkycf sKyfra_ tmufwiG f *syefuifayv_y&f mS ;r_uo dk wif;yk@d &ol/ 1946-47 ckEpS w f iG f òr d e,f z-q-y-v qk&d , S v f pf jynfo@l &aJ bmf acgi;f aqmif/ 1948 ckEpS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd or0g,ròr d tky/f 'Dtufpt f idk f Au arG;jrLa&;refae*sm/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1990 jynfEh pS t f xd ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyo f nf?

onf? oJuek ;f òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wl/ trd a':pdejf rwk@d rS 1949 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (27) &ufae@ wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ode;f xGe;f onf 1966 ckEpS w f iG f wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yJaG tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS f oJuek ;f q&mtwwfoifausmif; pma&;0efxrf; tqihf (1)/ 1984 ckEpS /f ZGev f wGif emruse;f yifpif,+l y;D / ud, k yf idk pf u dk yf sK;d a&;/ arG;jrLa&;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv aoG;aomufr*~Zif;Y 0w Kww dk yk'af &;om;um pmayavmuod@k pwif0if a&mufco hJ nf? rd;k a0/ &_r0/ jzLeD !djk ym/ pmayvkyo f m; r*~Zif;rsm;wGif oumxG%;f / xG%;f vlatmifuavmiftrnfjzifh pmayrsm;a&;om;cJo h nf? OD;ode;f xGe;f onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae u rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG J csKyf±;kH wGiðf yvkyo f nfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zG J pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;a0;od k wufa&mufco hJ jzifh e0w. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f r_uckd cH &hJ +yD;/ jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) jzifw h &m;pGu J m 1991 ckEpS /f arvwGif axmif'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (6) &ufae wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (996) jzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsucf hJ onf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf;ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDESifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDOuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1392) (1360 jynfhESpf/ 0gqdkvjynfhausmf 9 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 17 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;at;tm; yJc;l wdik ;f / oJuek ;f òr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG fhðyjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS yJc;l wdik ;f / oJuek ;f òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;at;u rdro d nf use;f rma&;,d, k iG ;f vmonfEiS t hf r# vlra_ &;/ Edik if aH &;udp&P yf rsm;udk aqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;r&Sad wmhojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh g onf? 2? txufyg OD;at;.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;at;tm; ,ae@rpS I oJuek ;f òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y vdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 45? oJukef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;odef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f xGe;f onf oJuek ;f òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 416) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (57 ² 84) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ

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199

46? om,m0wDòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if; (+idrf;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pH0if;onf om,m0wDòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 309) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 91) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ZD;uke;f òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b=unf/ trd a':oef;arwd@k rS 1924 ckEpS /f {+yv D (22) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pH0if;onf 0dZm (pD;yGm;a&;)bJ@G EiS fh txufwef;a&S aepmar;yJG atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1936 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;om;or*~acgi;f aqmif/ oHr%dwyfom;/ 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtidk af t) 'kAv kd /f ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) Adv k o f ifwef;tywfpOf (3) qif;/ zufqpfawmfveS af &; wdik ;f (7)/ rsK;d cspAf rmhwyfrawmf (yDAt D ufz)f wyf&if;(2)/ 1946 ckEpS rf S 1948 ckEpS t f xd oeu (4) wyfom;rS 'kt&mcHAv kd /f wyfrawmfwiG f 'kAv dk rf S 'kAv dk rf ; }u;D / cv& (9) wyf&if;r ;txd/ twGi;f 0ef/ 'kw, d 0ef}u;D rS 0ef}u;D (ukeo f , G af &;) txd/ jrefrmh qd&k , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD A[kad umfrwD0if/ awmifov l ,form;aumifpD A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmif/ 1976 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7) &ufae@wiG f vrf;pOfygwrD &S yfpcJ o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvrSpI rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ wJGbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r ;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (22) &ufae@wiG f &efuek òf r d Y uG,v f eG o f nf?

200

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

bk&m;/ &[ef;/ odrf/ ausmif; 'g,um}uD; aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if; (+idrf;) bDpD-5262

48? tkwfzdkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifO;D onf tkwzf òkd r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (10 166) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (51 ² 6) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tkwzf òkd r@d e,f/ us;D yifqyd &f mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;omrSe;f / trd a':r,fusiw f @dk rS 1939 ckEpS /f arv (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifO;D onf wuUov kd 0f ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJI h 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fawmifol v,form;tpnf;t±H;k wJzG uftwGi;f a&;r ;/ ygw, D el pf aumfrwD0if/ jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygww D iG f ygww D iG ;f 'Dru kd a&pDqw d o f Ok ;f aeonf[k ajymonfudk ta=umif;ðyI ygww D m0efrS ±kyo f rd ;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfyHk}uD;wGif awmifolv,form;or*~ twGif;a&;r ;/ tkwfzdkòrd e,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf twGi;f a&;r ;wm0ef,cl hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0if jzpfonf?

B.A.(Eco.), H.G.P.

ukefoG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; (+idrf;) vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0ifyxrqifh/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nfyxrqifh *syefacwf wwd,ywfAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;qif;(r*Fvm'Hk) aygif;wnf§ZD;ukef; &efukefòrd / urm¶Gwfòrd e,f/ (2) &yfuGuf/ jruefomvrf;/ trSwf (649§pD)ae (opfawm 0efaxmuf OD;b=unf-a':oef;ar) wd@k .om;/ a': jrjroef;. cifyeG ;f / (Adv k }f uD;oef;xGÉ)f -a': jroef; 0if; (pufr-_ 1/ +idr;f )/ (vufaxmufaxG§*sm/ pwm;wuftxnfcsKyfpuf¶)kH / a'guw f mcifrO L0if;/ OD;aX; vGi0f if; (v§xwdik ;f Oya' t&m&S/d yJc;l wdik ;f )-a':rrav; (OD;pD;t&m&S/d ig;vkyif ef;OD;pD;Xme)/ a'guw f m pdk;vGif0if;wdk@. zcif/ ajr;av;a,mufwdk@. tbdk;onf (22-10-2003) &uf nae (4 ; 30) em&DwGif aetdrYf uG,v f eG yf gI (24-10-2003) (aom=umae@) nae (3) em&DwiG f a&a0;tat;wdu k rf S a&a0; ok\efodk@ ydk@aqmifrD;oò*õ[fygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 47? om,m0wDòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifat;onfom,m0wDòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 747) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (60 ² 26) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? aygi;f wnfòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1929 ckEpS /f arv (25) &ufae@zmG ; jzpf onf? OD;bd;k q,f. om;jzpfonf? OD;armifat;onf (10) wef;atmifjrif+yD; wyfrawmf (a&) wGif wyfom;rS Adv k rf ;ª tqift h xd/ pcef;r ; ppfa&,mOfr; / 1963 ckEpS w f iG f txl;t&m&Sd ykvaJ rG;jrLa&;vkyif ef;/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f (wyfrawmfrt S +idr;f pm;,lI) 'kw, d taxGaxGrefae*sm ykvEJ iS ihf g;/ 1976 ckEpS w f iG f +rw d òf r@d e,fw&m;±H;k Y ±H;k wifppfaq;jcif;cH&I (5) ESprf # ajz&Si;f tr_&ifqikd &f onf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f tr_+y;D qH;k umw&m;aov$wI f rlv&mxl;jyef&onf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f XmewGi;f tqifrajyr_rsm;&ifqidk &f I t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? wm0eft& jynfyEkid if rH sm;ok@d oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? ol&aJ umif;rSww f rf;0if&&So d nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@ qHak &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyrf S 2005 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (16) &ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf - 006§pnf; jzifh tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,fco hJ nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

201

49? tkwfzdkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;omarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omarmifonf tkwzf òkd rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 443)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 4) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? {&m0wDwidk ;f / used w f vmb&m;uke;f aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d pde/f trd a':pdwaf umif;wd@k rS 1920 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (27) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;omarmifonf (7) wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; 1942 ckEpS w f iG f Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtidk af t) od@k 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? *syefacwf 'kw, d ywf Akv d o f ifwef;qif;/ xkrd S 'kAv kd t f qihEf iS hf wyf&if; (2) Akv d rf ; cspòf rid w f yfwiG f awmfveS af &;atmifjrifonftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS rf S 1948 ckEpS t f xd jynfo@l &aJ bmf c±kid pf nf;±H;k a&;r ;/ 1953 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd z-q-y-v/ z-w-v-p/ y-x-p oef@&iS ;f wk@d wiG f òrd@e,fOuUÏ/ c±kid pf nf;±H;k a&;r ;ESifh A[dak umfrwD0iftxd tqifq h ifah qmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif òrd@e,fawmifov l ,form;or*~ em,u/ òr@d e,for*~aygi;f pHk OuUÏ/ tkwzf òdk r@d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf hJ onf? 50? tkwfwGif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;ode;f OD;onf tkww f iG ;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygwt D m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (12 357) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 17) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? {&m0wDwikd ;f / ajrmif;jròrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckEpS /f ZGev f (21) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf?

202

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

OD;&Jbvl;.om;jzpfonf? OD;ode;f OD;onf 1971 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek pf ;D yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S 0dZm (ocsmF pm&if; tif;ynm) bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f jrpfzsm;ESihf jruefom¶ky&f iS jf zef@csad &;wGif ¶ky&f iS ¶f u kd u f iG ;f ESihf um;iSm;refae*sm/ zvift,f'w D m/ 1984 ckEpS w f iG f r[meENmyHEk ydS w f u kd f refae*sm/ 1984-85 ckEpS w f iG f rd;k a0r*~Zif; tkycf sKyfa&;rª;ESihf t,f'w D mtzG@J 0if/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH uD;wGif bG@J &ESiahf usmif;om;a[mif;rsm;or*~ (&efuek w f uUov kd )f em,utjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr_ }u;D t+y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ I 2003 ckEpS f Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfveG af jrmufco hJ nf?

(8) rauG;wdkif;?

51? tkwfwGif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmif0if;onf tkww f iG ;f òrd@e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 357) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 17) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrif;jcHòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f &if/ trd a':oef;EG@J w@dk rS 1944 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (28) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;cifarmif0if;onf 1962 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov dk 0f ifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1966 ckEpS f wGif azmif}uD;A[d0k efxrf;wuUov kd Yf 'kvðkH cHa&;r ;oifwef;tywfpOf (3) wufa&mufatmifjrifco hJ nf? 1967 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd awmificl ±kid w f iG f 'k&t J yk t f qifjh zihf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1978 ckEpS w f iG f &Jwyfz@GJ rS E_wx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f ta&;tcif;t+yD;wGif tkww f iG ;f +rdK@e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf +hJ yD; 1991 ckEpS w f iG f ta&;ay: pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) ESihf avmif;upm;tufOya' yk'rf 15 (u) jzifh axmif'%f (15) ESpcf srw S f jcif;cHc&hJ +yD; 2001 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (30) &ufae@wiG f awmifial xmifrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmcJo h nf? axmifrjS yefvw G +f yD;aemufwiG f tkww f iG ;f òrd@e,ftrsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f 'kw, d OuUÏ tjzpf aqmif¶u G cf o hJ nf? 2006 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif jynfya&muftzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESiyhf wfouf qufpyfonf[k qdu k m zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

jrefrmEdik if H tv,fyikd ;f wGif wnf&o dS nf? ta&S bufwiG f rE aW v;wdik ;f / ajrmufbufwiG f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / taemufbufwiG f csi;f jynfe,fEiS hf &cdik jf ynfe,f/ awmifbufwiG f yJc;l wdik ;f wd@k wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (18) 'D*&D (50) rdepfEiS (hf 22) 'D*&D (47) rdepftwGi;f / ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (93) 'D*&D (47) rdepfEiS hf (95) 'D*&D (55) rdepftwGi;f wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (17 305) us,0f ef; onf? wdik ;f òr d awmfrmS rauG;òr d jzpfonf? rauG;wdik ;f wGif òr d e,f (25) òr d e,f&/dS rJqENe,f (39) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (16) ck tm;ud, k pf m;ðy,SOòf yid o f l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (162) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; vS,af vmif; (8) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (170) OD; 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (39) ae&mpvH;k a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? 1? uHròr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifah tmifonf uHròrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf ,SOòf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 711) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 5) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? uHròr d e,f/ aZG@r&d mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;om^m%f/ trd a':zGm;cifw@dk rS 1959 ckEpS /f ZGev f (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;jrifah tmifonf odyH` ("mwkaA') bJ@G ukd &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov dk rf S 1985 ckEpS w f iG w f iG &f &Scd o hJ nf? bJ@G &+yD; (2) ESprf # ausmpf mG "mwfajr=oZmpuf±w kH iG f vkyu f ikd +f yD;aemuf ud, k yf idk q f efpufvyk if ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? uHròr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl hJ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

203

204

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

I aZG@rad us;&Gm/ uHròr d wGiaf eonf? 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (8) &ufae@pjJG zihf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG axGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S OD;jrifah tmiftm; v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y a=umif;a=unmcJo h nf? ,if;a=unmcsuw f iG f OD;jrifah tmifu rdro d nf Ekid if aH wmftm;vufeufpu JG ikd f awmfveS yf ek u f efaom aomif;use;f oltzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb dk mvrSpI yl;aygi;f +y;D ,if;wk@d xal xmifonfh pifòyid t f pk;d &tzJ@G wiG f v,f,mESihf opfawm0ef}u;D tjzpfyg0ifcahJ =umif;/ ,cktcg rdrt d rSm;udk rdro d o d jzifh Oya'abmiftwGi;f ok@d 0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D jzpfaomfvnf; rdro d nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk av;pm;vku d ef maomtm;jzifh uHròr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;tjzpf ta&G; cH&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef awmif;cHvmI Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvku d f a=umif;azmfjyyg&o dS nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae wiG f vGwaf jrmufe,fajr rme,fyavmY jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif+y;D aemufyikd ;f oGm;a&mufy;l aygi;f cJo h nf? ,if;tpd;k &tzG@J Y v,f,mESihf opfawm0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f wm0efay; cef@tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (19) &ufae wiG f xdik ;f Edik if /H befaumufòr d &Sd jrefrmppfo±H ;kH / ppforH ;ª Adv k rf ;ª }u;D A[de;f xH yJc;l wdik ;f / a&$awmifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;oef;ºuG,Ef iS t hf wl qufo, G o f wif;yd@k I tzrf;cHco hJ nf? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&; tzG@J rS jrefrmEdik if o H @kd jyefvnfac:,lc&hJ m 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (23) &ufae@wiG f xdik ;f Edik if /H befaumufòr d rS jrefrmEdik if /H &efuek òf r d od@k av,mOfjzifjh yefvnfa&muf&cdS o hJ nf?

ay;cJo h jzifh nDjzpfo. l tdrrf S rdom;pkEiS t hf wl xGucf mG ay;cJ&h ojzifh aexdik pf &mr&Sd tcuftcJñucH &hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S f a&; xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ f awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

2? acsmufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifo h ed ;f onf acsmufòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH (J 29 135) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 31) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;&J.om;/ yk*òH r@d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1942 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (13) &ufae@ zGm;jzpfonf? OD;jrifo h ed ;f onf 1948 ckEpS rf S 1956 ckEpS t f xd acsmufòrd a&td;k pOftpd;k & tv,fwef; ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1959 ckEpS w f iG f bDtpdk t D pd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef; atmifjrifonf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm (orkid ;f ) bJ@G &cJo h nf? 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f jrefrmh a&eHaumfyakd &;&Si;f wGit f r_xrf;cJ+h y;D / 1972 ckEpS f wGiaf csmufa&eHajrY wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? jrefrmha&eHaumfyakd &;&Si;f / acsmufa&eHajrY wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 1974 ckEpS /f ta&;tcif;wGif yg0if cJrh j_ zifh rqvtpd;k &u tvkyrf x S w k yf pfco hJ nf? acsmufòrd@e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS acsmufòr d xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lxed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2001 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (6) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? 2003 ckEpS /f {+yv D (12) &ufae@wiG f if;.aetdrYf acsmufòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ¶H;k cef;zGihf vSpyf u JG si;f ycJ&h m 'kw, d OuUÏ ol&OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd rS qdik ;f bkww f ifziG v hf pS af y; cJo h nf? arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfymG ;t+y;D / wjynf vH;k &St d zG@J csKyf¶;kH rsm;tm; etzrS rw&m;ydwjf ypfc&hJ m OD;jrifo h ed ;f rdom;pkrmS nDjzpfol jrefrmha&eH0efxrf; .tdrw f iG f oGm;a&mufaexdik cf &hJ &mrS nDjzpfot l m; tm%mydik rf sm;u t=uyfuikd +f cdr;f ajcmufzt d m;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

205

3? acsmufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwm!Gef@pdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) a'guw f m!Ge@f ped o f nf acsmufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 501) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 91) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? oefvsiòf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1928 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (11) &ufae@zmG ; jzpf onf? OD;armifarmif;.om;jzpfonf? a'guw f m!Ge@f ped o f nf 1954 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek af q;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1954 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS t f xd wm0efusq&m0ef iSuzf sm;Xme/ &efuek af q;±H}k u;D / 1957 ckEpS rf S 1964 ckEpS t f xd vufaxmufq&m0ef/ acsmuf/ oefvsi/f (bDtpdk )D / 1963 ckEpS rf S 1976 ckEpS t f xd vufaxmufq&m0ef}u;D / q&m0ef}u;D / jrefrmha&eHaq;±Hk (acsmufa&eHajr)/ 1977 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckESpftxd q&m0ef}uD;/ jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;&Sif; (±Hk;csKyf)/ 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif oufjynfh yifpif,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif urBmhusef;rma&;tzJG@tpDtpOfjzihf a&eHESihfa&eH"mwkvkyfom;rsm; vkyif ef;cGiu f se;f rma&; ynmavhvm&ef taemuf*smr%D/ a[mfvef/ tD&ef/ tD*sp/f tif'ekd ;D &Sm;wk@d o@kd oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif jrefrmha&eHaumfykd a&;&Si;f (±H;k csKyf) vkyo f m;rsm;or*~ (,m,D) OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dw k wfoyd nm&Sit f zJ@G 0if/ rauG;wkid ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDtzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 4? *ef@a*gòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifxl;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;atmifx;l onf *ef@a*gòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (32 587) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (75 ² 05) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;barmf/ trd a':cspjf rwk@d rS 1930 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifx;l onf 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd +hJ yD; 1951 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS t f xd uu (aiGpm&if;)/ 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd *ef@a*g òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1983 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS f txd vufaxmufòr@d e,f ynma&;r ;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfykH umvwGif 0efxrf;or*~ OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1993 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (9) &ufae@wiG f pwifusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufco hJ nf? OD;atmifx;l tm; trsK;d om;nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,f pm&if;rS y,fzsuaf y;yg&ef trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf.wifjycsut f & trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S 1993 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (30) &ufae@wiG f OD;atmifx;l tm; trsK;d om;nDvmcHu, kd pf m; vS,pf m&if;rS y,fzsucf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (26) &ufae@wiG f ESv;kH a&m*gjzifu h , G v f eG o f nf?

206

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

5? izJòrd e,frJqENe,f?

OD;=unfvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfviG o f nf izJòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (10 807) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 54) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHchJ &onf? rif;bl;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f &Si/f trd a':cifat;wd@k rS 1955 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (7) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;=unfviG o f nf rauG;aumvdyrf S 0dZm (ordik ;f ) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1979 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m (aygi;f uav;/ yef;'ef;)/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? ZeD; a': jraX;ESihf om;orD; (2) OD; xGe;f um;onf? izJòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (10) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rSzrf;qD;I rauG;òr d wyfr (88) twGi;f xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (26) &ufae@wiG f use;f rma&;raumif;ojzifh jyefvw $ af y;cJh onf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f arv (7) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +yD;/ 2001 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (9) &ufae@wiG f o&uftusO;f axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 6? pvif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wmonf pvif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH (J 28 490)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71²15) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr muf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? pvif;òr@d e,f/ vif;Zif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':pef;=unfw@kd rS 1948 ckEpS /f ZGev f (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wmonf 1972 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S odyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f apwkw& mòr d e,f or0g,rwGif pm&if;ppfvyk cf +hJ y;D / 1975 ckEpS rf pS I ud, k yf ikd v f yk if ef; qefpuf/ qDpufvyk cf o hJ nf? ZeD; a':at;at;rd;k ESihf om;orD; (3) OD; xGeu f m;onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? pvif;òr d e,ftrsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS acsmufòrd &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS acsmufòr d &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jzif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (28) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? 8? apwkwW&mòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;tHh=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;tH=h unfonf apwkw& mòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rHk J (9 995) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? apwkw& mòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&mcsed /f trd a':r,fwifw@kd rS 1938 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (31) &ufae@ wGiaf rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;th=H unfonf 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ynmtky/f ¶k;H pma&;/ rlvwef;jy/ rlvwef; ausmif;tky/f tv,fwef; jy/ wm0efct H v,fwef;ausmif;tky/f txufwef;jy ponfjzihf tESpo f ;kH q,fr# ynma&;wm0efxrf;&Gucf o hJ nf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&mb0jzifh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? ZeD; a':wif =unfEiS hf om;orD; (5) OD; xGe;f um;onf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd òrd e,fjynfo@l aumifp0D if tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? apwkw& mòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;r ; wm0ef ,lco hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS acsmufòr d &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,l zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jzif;cHc&hJ +y;D use;f rma&;raumif;ojzifh aq;0g;ukor_c, H El ikd &f ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf &hJ onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (17) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1441) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrES w k x f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G +f y;D aq;0g; ukor_c, H al epOf uG,v f eG cf o hJ nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1441) (1360 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 3 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 17 &uf)

7? pvif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;uHOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;uHO;D onf pvif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 220) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 04) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;vS&/D trd a':cifEw k @kd rS 1952 ckEpS /f arv (11) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? pvif;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;uHO;D onf &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov kd rf S 1977 wGif tif*sief , D m (v#ypf pfprG ;f tm;) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ZD;jzLyif&mG wJzG uftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&m vkycf o hJ nf? ZeD; a':0rf; =unfEiS hf orD;wOD;xGe;f um;onf? qifjzLu|e;f òr d trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;tjzpf

? OD;tH=h unftm; rauG;wdik ;f / apwkw&W mòr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfa&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rauG;wdik ;f / apwkw&W mòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm uf cHxm;&ol OD;tH=h unfu rdro d nf use;f rma&;tajctaeraumif;ygojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf T aumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

208

207

ta=umif;t&m?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

2? txufyg OD;tH=h unf.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;tH=h unftm; ,ae@rpS I apwkw&W mòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG hf ðyvdu k f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

onf? tz OD;atmifausm. f om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckEpS /f ZGev f (16) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;ausmw f if onf rlvwef;rStxufwef;txd aw;aus;&Gm/ ausmufx/k rif;wyfEiS hf rE aW v;wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um; cJo h nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f rif;wyfòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 197374 ckEpS w f iG f rauG; aumvdyrf S 0dZm (yx0D)bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS w f iG f aqmòr d e,fpm&if;±H;k Y tvky0f if cJo h nf? vrf;pOfygw0D if/ wwd,ESiphf wkwt }urd f rauG;wdik ;f aumifp0D if (tcsed yf ikd ;f )/ 1988 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbm v (16) &ufae@wiG f 0efxrf;tjzpfrES w _ x f u G cf o hJ nf? aqmòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUÏ tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

9? qifaygif0Jòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;[HaZmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;[HaZmfonf qifaygiòf rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 637) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (61 ² 23) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? qifaygi0f òJ r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f a&$.om;jzpfonf? 1940 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;[efaZmfonf qifaygif0Jòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1963-64 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf 0S Zd m wef;atmif+y;D 1965 ckEpS w f iG f Akv d af vmif; oifwef;tywfpOf (32)/ arSmfbDAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? wyfrawmfjyefwrf;0if t&m&St d jzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1977 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfrS t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? rauG;wdik ;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwif bmv (6) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ wGif &JreG w f yfòr d xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nf&h yd o f m) rS jyefvw G o f nf?

12? awmifwGif;}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odrf;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odr;f =unfonf awmifwiG ;f }u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (29 363) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 37) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;atmifjrif/h trd a': jroef;wd@k rS 1951 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (7) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;odr;f =unfonf 1981 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'bJ@G &&Scd +hJ y;D w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S ae tjzpfvu dk yf gaqmif&u G o f nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f ðyvkyo f nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g pmtrSwf 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðy awmhonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? etz rS 2004 ckEpS /f arv (17) &ufae@wiG jf yefvnfusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J wiG f yg0ifwufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 2005 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f/ anmifEpS yf ifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf H xm;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvufyg0if wufa&mufchJ onf?

10? qdyfjzLòr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;pdk;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkd;0if;onf qdyfjzLòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH (J 25 100) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 89) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? qdyjf zLòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifuav;/ trd a':a&$wifw@dk rS 1944 ckEpS /f {+yv D (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pd;k 0if;onf rlvwef;ynmukd qdyjf zLtv,fyikd ;f q&mOD;cifausmif;wGif oif,cl +hJ yD; tv,fwef;ESifhtxufwef;ukd qdyfjzLòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xkdrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;udk acsmufòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifco hJ nf? &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd H` wuUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd hJ onf? &efuek òf r d wGif ukeo f nfvyk if ef;jzifh toufarG;onf? 11? aqmòr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;ausmfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmw f ifonf aqmòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 608) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (59 ² 81) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

209

13? awmifwGif;}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmoef;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f moef;Ekid o f nf awmifwiG ;f }u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (27 436) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 02) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? awmifwiG ;f }u;D òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;ode;f armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;Edik o f nf 1976 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvwGif aq; wuUov kd f (2)/ r*Fvm'Hrk S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? q&m0efb0jzihf toufarG;onf? 1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (14) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmuf vSr;f a&;trSwf (15) rS rauG;òr d / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah * [m) wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHchJ &onf? 1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (3) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ jzifh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS jyefvw $ af y;cJo h nf?

210

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1437) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydkwGJvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 3 &uf)

xm;cJo h nf? ,if;aemuf OD;apm0if;(c) OD;ausmaf Zmvif;onf 1963 ckEpS /f trsm;ESio hf ufqidk af om ypPn;f umuG,f apmifah &Smufa&;Oya' yk'rf (3) t& jypfrx _ if &Sm;pD&ifjcif; cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif;ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pDtaxG axG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (958) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (7) &ufae@wiG f om,m0wDaxmifY uG,v f eG cf o hJ nf?

ta=umif;t&m?

? OD;oef;Edik t f m; rauG;wdik ;f / awmifwiG ;f }uD;òr e,f/jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr muf cHxm;&oltjzpfrES w k x f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rauG;wdik ;f / awmifwiG ;f }u;D òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f tjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;oef;Edik u f rdom;pkuse;f rma&;tajctaersm;t& vnf;aumif;/ pD;yGm;a&;tajctaersm;t&vnf;aumif; rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh g onf? 2? txufyg OD;oef;Edik . f wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;oef;Edik t f m; ,ae@rpS I awmifwiG ;f }u;D òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G f cGiðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 14? xD;vif;òr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmfaZmvif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmaf Zmvif;onf xD;vif;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 495) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 19) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ausm! f eG @f / trd a':at;vSw@dk rS 1938 ckEpS /f arv (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmaf Zmvif;onf 1955 ckEpS w f iG f *ef@a*gòr d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif; rS (10) wef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG q f ufvufynmoif=um;cJ&h m odyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1965 ckEpS rf pS I owif;pmq&mtjzpfvyk u f ikd cf +hJ y;D wzufwiG f ukeo f , G pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmaf Zmvif;onf &efuek -f oefvsif wHwm;pDru H ed ;f twGuf ysO;f rem;òr d rS xkw, f l xm;aomopfrsm;tm; pDru H ed ;f od@k o,f,al y;&ef ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfaqmif&u G af epOf opfrsm;ray;oGi;f bJ wdr;f a&Smifaeojzifh jynfoyl ikd yf pPn;f umuG,af pmifah &Smufa&;Oya' yk'rf 6 (1)/ jypfrq _ idk &f musix hf ;kH Oya' yk'rf (512) t& omauwòrd e,f w&m;±H;k wGif w&m;pGq J x kd m;+yD; w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unm

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

211

OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmfaZmvif; touf (61) ESpf (xD;vif;òr ) rauG;wdik ;f / xD;vif;òrd ae (OD;ausm! f eG @f -a':at;vS) wd@k .om;/ ausmufyef;awmif;òrd ae (OD;pd;k vS) - a':vSjrifw h @kd . om;oruf/ &efuek w f ikd ;f / tif;pdeòf r d e,f/ ayguaf wm&yfuu G /f oH'if;pkvrf;/ trSw(f 489)ae a':cifp;kd jrif. h cspv f pS mG aomcifyeG ;f / udak ZmfaZmfrif;-raX;aX;0if; (tif;pdet f xnf puf¶)kH / udak tmifatmifrif;/ udak usmaf usmrf if;/ r0if;0if;rif; (Sumiteam Co. Ltd.)/ (ud&k rJ if;xGe;f )/ reDvmrif; (tif;pdet f xnfpuf¶)kH / rrsK;d rsK;d rif;wd@k . cspv f pS mG aomaus;Zl;&Siaf rG;ozcif/ armif'+D ird ;f vif; (txu1/ tif;pdef)/ armif&ef+idrf;vif; (tru-44/ tif;pdef) wdk@.cspfvSpGmaom tbdk; OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmaf Zmvif;onf (7-8-98) &uf n (11 ; 30) em&DwiG f om,m0wDòrd / jynfo@l aq;¶H}k uD;Y uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygI 9-8-98 &ufwiG f om,m0wDòr d Y oò* [ õ +f y;D pD;yga=umif;? usef&pfolrdom;pk 15? ewfarmufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;AdkvfaxG;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Akv d af xG;onf ewfarmufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (25 806) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (78²59)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHchJ &onf? ewfarmufòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d atmif/ trd a': jrwk@kd rS 1926 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;Akv d af xG;onf tv,fwef;jyq&mjzpf atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1953 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS t f xd tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif;q&m}u;D rauG; (&Sm;yifv&S mG )/ 1957 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd tv,fwef;jy/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (ewfarmuf)/ vrf;pOfygw0D if/ òr d e,fpmayvkyo f m; OuUÏ/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òr d e,fem,utjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ewfarmufòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f em,utjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@ wGif ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; trSwf (15) rS rauG;òr d / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@wiG f use;f rma&;csK d wJo h jzifh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rSjyefvw $ af y;cJo h nf? 16? ewfarmufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifjrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifjrifo h ed ;f onf ewfarmufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf

212

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 168) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 55) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ewfarmufòrd / atmifqef;&yfZmwdjzpfonf? tz a&S aeOD;aeatmif (Akv d cf sKyf atmifqef;. tuk)d / trd a':cifav;wk@d rS 1954 ckEpS /f ZGev f (13) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmif jrifo h ed ;f onf ewfarmufòr d wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonf txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? awmifov l yk if ef; vkyu f ikd o f nf? ewfarmufòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (14) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; trSwf (15) rS rauG;òr d / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (28) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? OD;atmifjrifo h ed ;f zrf;qD;cHae&pOf 1999 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (1) &ufae@wiG f ewfarmufòr d Y jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Ef pS Of ;D tm; vlwpk pk¶;kH I ¶_wcf suef@uu G af tmf[pfyðJG yvkyEf ikd af &;twGuf oufqikd f &m òr d e,ftm%mydik rf sm;ESihf ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS =u H zG@H toif;0ifrsm;ESihf ynma&;XmerS q&m/ q&mr rsm;udt k oH;k csvsuf òrd ay: Y twif;t=uyfvufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f jcif;ðyvkycf &hJ m OD;atmifjriho f ed ;f .ZeD; ewfarmufòr d e,f pm&if;¶H;k rS pm&if;ppfr;ª a':aX;atmiftm; vufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f onfukd jiif;qdck o hJ jzifh ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ¶H;k od@k ajymif;a&$ ypfco hJ jzifh 1999 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@wiG f ajymif;a&$ cJ&h onf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1518) (1362 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 7 &uf) (2000 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv 2 &uf)

17? yckuULòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwm=unfrif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f m=unfrif;onf yckuLU òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (42 684) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 17) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':zGm;usiw f @dk rS 1958 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (24) &ufae@ wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f m=unfrif;onf 1965 ckEpS rf S 1969 ckEpS t f xd yckuLU òr d tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif; trSwf (11) wGif av;wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJI h 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd yckuLU òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd oGm;bufqidk &f m aq;wuUov kd &f efuek w f iG f qufvufynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D bD't D ufpb f @GJ &&Scd hJ onf? 1983 ckEpS rf pS I ud, k yf ikd f oGm;aq;ukcef; zGix hf m;cJo h nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGiaf c:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 2000 jynfh ESp/f Ed0k ifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (1518) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

213

ta=umif;t&m?

? a'guw f m=unfrif;tm; rauG;wdik ;f / yckuLU òr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m; &oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f rauG;wdik ;f / yckuLU òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol a'guw f m =unfrif;u rdr. d ud, k af &;ud, k w f mudprP sm;udk aqmif&u G Ef ikd af &;twGuf rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef ,if;.qENt avsmuf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg a'guw f m=unfrif;.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD a'guw f m=unfrif;tm; ,ae@rpS I yckuLU òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trde@f t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 18? yckuULòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;v_difat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;v_id af t;onf yckuLU òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (40 782) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 69) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;tke;f armif/ trd a':vS!eG @f w@kd rS 1942 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (17) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;v_id af t;onf yckuLU òr d / jrpfuikd ;f ausmif;rS av;wef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D yckuLU òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2) rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v; wuUov kd rf S odyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS rf S 1973 ckEpS t f xd òrdiòf rd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jy/ 1973 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd yckuLU òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) wGif txuf wef;jy/ 1981 ckEpS rf pS I ud, k yf ikd q f efta&mif;t0,fvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? &yfuu G Ef iS òhf r d e,f vlra_ &; vkyif ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah * [m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;

214

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

aumfr&Sirf S 2000 jynfEh pS /f Ed0k ifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1519) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðy aumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0if jzpfonf?

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1519) (1362 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 7 &uf) (2000 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv 2 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;vdi_ af t;tm;rauG;wdik ;f / yckuLU òr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f rauG;wdik ;f / yckuLU òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;vdi_ f at;u rdrd.usef;rma&;tajctaea=umifh rdrdtm; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G; aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sifodk@ wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;vdi_ af t;.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;vdi_ af t;tm; ,ae@rpS I yckuLU òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y vdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 19? yGifhjzLòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmf&Sif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm&f iS o f nf yGijhf zLòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 553) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 38) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? yGijhf zLòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aomif;/ trd a':tkw d @dk rS 1929 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (28) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausm&f iS o f nf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G EiS hf 1977 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;wuUov kd rf S ynma&;'Dyvkrd m&&Scd o hJ nf? 1953 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd rlvwef;jy ausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;jy (tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ yGijhf zLòr d )/ txufwef;jy (uke;f apmif;)/ vuf axmufynma&;r ; (yGijhf zLòr d )/ òr@d e,fv;kH u|wf toH;k vH;k aus pmwwfajrmufa&;wGif acgi;f aqmifra_ y; ±Ho k mru ud, k w f idk yf g0ifoif=um;cJo h nf? yGijhf zLòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef ,lchJ onf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS acsmufòr d / xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,l zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;

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20? yGifhjzLòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f matmifr;kd ndKonf yGijhf zLòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 496) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 58) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? yGijhf zLòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;nKd/ trd a':+idr;f wk@d rS 1958 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (13) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f matmifr;kd nKdonf 1982 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f aq; wuUov kd f (1) rS q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1984 ckEpS rf pS I ud, k yf ikd af q;ukocef;zGix hf m;cJo h nf? aq;ausmif; om;b0wGif vkyt f m;ay;pm=unfw h u dk rf ; ESihf vrf;pOfvil ,ftzG@J wiG yf g0ifco hJ nf? yGijhf zLòr d e,f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OD;aqmiftzJ@G 0ifwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS acsmufòrd / xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif; cHc&hJ +y;D / 2001 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (13) &ufae@wiG jf yefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwD ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏ xHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0if jzpfonf? 21? aygufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f OD;cifarmif=unfonf ayguòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 355) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (61 ² 31) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;az!Ge@f .om; jzpfonf? 1954 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (30) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? ayguòf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1979 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov dk rf S odyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f 0efxrf;tjzpfrES w _ x f u G I f ayguòf r d e,f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f OD;aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? e0w rS 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbm vwGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D bmom&yfoif ud, k yf ikd o f ifwef;Oya' yk'rf 20 (u) (c) udak zmufzsuf usL;vGeo f nf[q k u kd m ,if;Oya' yk'rf (23) t& axmif'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f yckuLU axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (19) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (2) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1007) (1353 ckESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 19 &uf)

wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;bwif.om; jzpfonf? ayguòf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEpS /f ZGev f (24) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;atmifEidk Of ;D onf 1957 ckEpS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd ayguòf r d tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif;wGif owWrwef;txd/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd yckuLU òr d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wGif (8) wef;rS (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1969 ckEpS w f iG f ayguòf r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; rS (10)wef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? aumifpD pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf (2) ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmif+y;D tvkyrf S xGucf hJ onf? '\eduaA't"du 0dZm bmomwGu J kd jyifyrS pwkwE pS t f xdajzqkcd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf pS I ukek o f nfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf?

ta=umif;t&m ?

? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (É) ESihf +ipd eG ;f aom OD;cif armif=unfonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufcH xm;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG hf r&Sad wmha=umif;ESihf ,if;tm; jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuf vdu k af =umif; a=unmjcif;? 1? 1990 jynfEh pS f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG OD;cif armif=unfonf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rauG;wdik ;f / ayguòf r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufccH &hJ ygonf? 2? OD;cifarmif=unftm; oufqikd &f mw&m;¶H;k u bmom&yfoif ud, k yf ikd o f ifwef;Oya' yk'rf 20 (u) ESihf (c) wd@k ukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGeo f nft h wGuf ,if;Oya'yk'rf (23) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifco hJ jzifh ,if;onf tusiphf m&dwW ysujf ym;r_qikd &f mjypfrj_ zifh jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&oljzpfa=umif; awG@&&dS yg onf? 3? od@k ygI OD;cifarmif=unfonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (É) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yf wnfyikd cf iG hf r&Sad wmha=umif;ESihf ,if;tm; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? 4? ,if;od@k jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfa&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsujf cif; cH&aom OD;cifarmif=unf (trsK;d om;rSwyf w kH iftrSwf PAK-000918) onf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G; aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf 80-c t& ,ae@rpS I 10 ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyo f nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG rhf &Sad =umif;udv k nf; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& at;armif (twGi;f a&;rª;)

23? rauG;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf rauG;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (36 954) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (77 ² 7) jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;pdef/ trd a':cifarwkd@rS 1943 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ewfarmufòrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf 1961 ckESpfwGifrauG;òrd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) rS wuUokdvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; 1966 ckESpfwGif rE Wav;wuUodkvfrS 0dZ mbJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf (=unf;) Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;/ arSmfbDodk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; 1968 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jyef w rf ; 0if t &m&S d 'k w d , Ak d v f / wyf r awmf w G i f Ak d v f } uD ; (cJ G r ; / Ad k v f r ; ) tqif h t xd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1984 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13) &ufae@wGif trSwf (15) ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS rauG;òrd / wyfr (88)&Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef; ({nfha*[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28) &ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf?

22? aygufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifEdkifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifEidk Of ;D onf ayguòf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; udk,fpm; ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (14 310) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (56 ² 23) jzifh a&G;cs,f

24? rauG;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifp;kd onf rauG;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (34 012) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 5) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;wif.om;jzpfonf? 1934 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (7) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;atmifp;kd onf 1945 ckEpS rf S 1948 ckEpS t f xd jrpfem;ompnf tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrif;uGe;f aus;&Gm tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJI h tv,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS rf S 1951 ckEpS t f xd a&eH acsmif;òr d tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;wGiyf nmoif=um;cJ+h y;D txufwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd pmwku d Ef iS hf a=u;eef;pm&if;ppfXme vufaxmufaiGpm&if;0ef/ rif;bl;òr d e,fpm&if;±H;k pwkw! eì =f um;a&;r ;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fO;D pD;r ;tqifh (2) òr d e,fpm&if;±H;k / rauG;wkid ;f pm&if;OD;pD;r ;tjzpf wm0efxrf;&Gucf o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS w f iG f if;aexdik &f m rauG;òrd / jynfawmfom wdu k cf ef;/ trSwf (5§c) rS twif;tusyzf ,f&mS ; cdik ;f jcif;cHc&hJ ojzifh z,f&mS ;ay;cJ&h onf? 1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (13) &ufae@wiG f trSwf (15) ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; rS rauG;òr d / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;

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217

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

({nfah * [m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@wiG jf yefvw G f onf?

eHeuf(11)em&Dtcsed w f iG f rif;wke;f òr d e,f &Jpcef;rª;OD;xdeef ef;ESi&hf o J m;rsm;u OD;xGe;f 0if;.aetdraf &S wGif OD;xGe;f 0if;.om; udv k wfziG x hf m;onfh AD', D t kd acGimS ;qdik o f @kd 0ifa&muf&mS azG=u+y;D / vdik pf ifrEhJ ikd if jH cm;AD', D kd tacGrsm;awG@&o dS nf[q k u kd m rif;wke;f òr d bk&m;}u;D 0if;Y touf (70) jynft h jzpf Oyk'}f u;D 0ifaeonfh OD;xGe;f 0if;tm;oGm;a&mufzrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmcJ+h y;D / &Jpcef;wGicf sKyx f m;I OD;xGe;f 0if;tm; ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS tzG@J csKyt f zG@J 0iftjzpfEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd f pm;vS,t f jzpfrES w _ x f u G af =umif; vufrw S af &;xd;k ay;&ef t"rR+crd ;f ajcmuft=uyfuikd cf o hJ nf? OD;xGe;f 0if;rS rdr, d =kH unfcsuu f kd rpGe@f vw $ Ef ikd af =umif;ajymqdI k cdik cf ikd rf mrm&yfwnfco hJ jzifh vdik pf ifrAhJ 'D , D akd cGvuf0,fxm;&Srd j_ zifh tr_ziG w hf &m;pGq J +kd yD; axmif'%f (3) ESpcf srw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2001 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (9) &ufae@wiG f o&uftusO;f axmifrjS yefvw G f onf?

25? òr opfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;omatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omatmifonf òr d opfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (13 798) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 28) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? òr d opfòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifaomif;/ trd a':tH;k &ifw@dk rS 1955 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;omatmifonf q,fwef;txdoif=um;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? òrd opfòrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òrd e,f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (21) &ufae@wiG f trSwf (15) ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS rauG;òrd / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +yD; 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (28) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? 26? òr opfòr e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;cspfaxG;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspaf xG;onf òr d opfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 647) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 82) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? òr d opfòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 13-7-65 zGm;/ tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':aygupf wd@k rS 1965 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (13) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;cspaf xG;onf 1987 ckEpS w f iG f odyH` (±lyaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? òr d opfòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS u f òr d opfòr d e,f vrf;pOf vli,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDrS pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;/ pma&;ud&, d mESihf toH;k taqmifrsm;tm; oydwt f zG@J rS rD;¶d _ zsuq f ;D cJo h nf[q k u kd m (8) ESpcf ef@=umrS tr_ zGiw hf &m;pGq J I kd axmif'%fcsrw S t f jypfay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2001 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (1) &ufae@wiG f o&ufaxmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

28? rif;bl;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k jrifo h nf rif;bl;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (21 324) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 81) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1946 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (3) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;!Ge@f .om; jzpfonf? OD;pd;k jrifo h nf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd f odyH` (owWaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS f txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m (qifjzLu|e;f òr d / yGijhf zLòr d )/ 1974 ckEpS rf pS I ukeo f nfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf hJ onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? rif;bl;òr d e,fEiS hf rauG;wdik ;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd wiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv wGif ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS a':atmifqef;pk=unf. !$e=f um;csut f & jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,la&; axmuf cH&ef pnf;¶H;k cJo h nf[q k u kd m om;ESpaf ,mufEiS t hf wl zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay: pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf - 5 (n) jzifh tif;pdet f usO;f axmifwiG f axmif'%f (14) ESpjf ypf'%f ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (6) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

27? rif;wkef;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f 0if;onf rif;wke;f òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 241) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68²01) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHchJ &onf? tz OD;OD;om/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1929 ckEpS /f {+yv D (17) &ufae@ wGiaf rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;xGe;f 0if;onf a&eHacsmif;òr d wGif (9) wef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1953 ckEpS w f iG f ZeD; a':opfEiS hf rif;wke;f òr d wGif tdraf xmifusonf? "mwfyEkH iS pfh myHEk ydS v f yk if ef;rsm;jzihf toufarG;onf? 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (24) &ufae@rpS I rif;wke;f òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f {+yDv (7)&ufae@

29? rif;bl;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSp;kd onf rif;bl;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 719) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (84 ² 72) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;pde/f trd a':ode;f wifw@dk rS 1934 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;vSp;kd onf q,fwef;atmifonftxdynmoif=um;cJI h 1951 ckEpS w f iG w f yfrawmfo@dk 0ifa&muf tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1953 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd Adv k af vmif;oifwef;qif;+y;D 'kAv dk rf S Adv k }f u;D txd/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd yxrywf au'goifwef;qif;/ rif;bl;c±dik f ygwpD nf;¶H;k a&;r ;/ a'gyòkH r d e,fygw, D el pf OuUÏ/ ucsijf ynfe,fwikd ;f cJEG iS hf a'o twGi;f a&;r ;/ u,m;jynfe,fa'oygwaD umfrwD OuUÏ/ 1978 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmvwGif jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOf ygwt D wGi;f jy\emjzpf&m atmifausmv f if;ppfqifa&;jzifh a'oygwaD umfrwD OuUÏ (14) OD;tm; xde;f odr;f &mwGiyf g0ifonf? 1980 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmvwGif

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

xde;f odr;f xm;&mrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf? 1980 jynfEh pS af emufyikd ;f ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkycf o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG ðf yvkyo f nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf 041§pnf;(pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpf a=umif;xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifprD S 2004 ckEpS /f arv (17) &ufae@wiG jf yef vnfusi;f yonft h rsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf H xm;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J wiG f yg0ifwufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 2005 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f/ anmifEpS yf ifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf x H m;& aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvufyg0ifwufa&mufco hJ nf? tzG@J csKyfrx S w k yf ,fccH &hJ +y;D aemuf etzowif;pmrsm;wGif vSp;kd (rif;bl;-2) [lonfh uavmiftrnf jzifh tzG@J csKyftm; wdu k cf u kd o f nfh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJo h nf?

ckEpS /f rwfv (29) &ufae@wiG f rauG;òr d / wyfr (88) &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;od@k ajymif;a&$ xde;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? 1999 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (30) &ufae@wiG f use;f rma&;a=umifh jyefvw $ af y;cJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &; twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f (43) OD; wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyrf S 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (16) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 006§pnf;jzifh tzG@J csKyt f zG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,fchJ onf? 2006 ckEpS /f {+yv D (1) &ufae@wiG f xkid ;f -jrefrme,fpyfwae&mok@d a&muf&o dS nf?

30? rif;vSòr e,frq J ENe,f?

OD;cspw f if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? OD;cspw f ifonf rif;vSòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (21 631) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 68) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ o nf? tz OD;xGe;f wif/ trd a':puDw@kd rS 1945 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;cspw f ifonf odyb H` @GJ / txufwef;a&S aeESihf rSwyf w kH ifOya'bJ@G w@dk &onfh w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aejzpfonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m (o&uf/ rif;vS)/ 1979 ckESpfwGif emruse;f yifpif,cl o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? rif;vSòr d e,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfOuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;cspfwifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J EN e,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG ðf yvkycf ahJ om v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;ESihf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@ wGif rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf±;kH wGiðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k & zJ@G pnf; a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; kd mv (1) &uf vS,rf sm;zJ@G pnf;xm;aom Hard Core (6) OD;wGiyf g0ifonf? 1990 jynfh ESp/f atmufwb ae@u rE aW v;-aròr d um;vrf;ab; qefpuf0if;xJwiG ðf yvkycf o hJ nfh e,fpyfwae&mod@k jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f (20) od@k r[kwf (25) OD;cef@ oGm;a&muf+y;D ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;rnfv h #K d 0Sut f pnf; ta0;od@k vnf; wufa&mufco hJ nf? ,if;a=umifh oufqidk &f muzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJo h nf? ,if;aemuf OD;cspw f ifonf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyf rnfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf ydicf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f ZGev f (29) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS &efuek fòrd wGif &JreG w f yfpcef;&Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJ+h yD;/ 1999

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31? òrifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifqef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifqef;jrifo h nf òrid òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (30 273) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72²1) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? A[ef;òr d e,fZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifv/S trd a':rr}u;D wk@d rS 1941 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifqef;jrifo h nf A[ef;òr d e,f/ *srm;&dyo f m/ jrLausmif;/ A[ef;tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;wk@d wiG f q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1956 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd A[ef;tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif; or*~0if/ 1961 ckEpS /f ðyjyifxed ;f odr;f a&;avwyfpcef; t&yfom;atmufwef;pma&;/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS f txd vli,fw h yfO;D ArmEkid if aH jray: tvHet D zJ@G 0if/ vli,fwyfO;D (tvHe)D wGiyf g0ifrj_ zifh rqvtpd;k &u 1966 ckEpS rf pS I tif;pdeaf xmifwiG f (4) ESp/f udu k ;kd u|e;f wGif (2) ESpf zrf; qD;axmifcsxm;cJ+h y;D 1972 ckEpS w f iG f jyefvw $ af y;cJo h nf? 1973 ckEpS f wGif òrid òf r d e,fae a':pdeaf &$EiS hf vufxyfI orD;wOD;xGe;f um;onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif &Gmopfaus;&Gmoydwaf cgi;f aqmif/ 1989 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyfz JG pnf;onft h cg òrid òf r d e,f pnf;±H;k a&;tzG J 0ifjzpfvmcJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@u rE aW v;òr d wGiðf yvkyf aom ,m,Dtpd;k &v#K d 0Suzf @GJ pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufco hJ jzifh oufqidk &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJo h nf? xk@d aemuf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf (112) (1) t& jypfr_ xif&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya' yk'rf (11) (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f tjzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (6) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (996) jzifh xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf ydicf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f ZGev f (29) &ufae wiG f axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &; twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 32? òrifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrifhatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifhatmifonf òrdifòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 340) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;odrf;armif/ trd a':cifoef;wdk@rS 1959 ckESpf/ arv (18) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;jrifah tmifonf òrdiòf rd tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) ESihf òrdiòf rd tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (1) wd@k wiG f (10) wef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? q,fwef;atmifjrif+y;D aemuf yckuULa'oaumvdyfESihf &efukefòrd wdk@wGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1984 ckESpfwGif ody`H ("mwkaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf?

tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 703) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 14) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? txufrif;vSòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;jrwf}u;D / trd a':=uifrw H_ @kd rS 1914 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (6) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ocifcif!eG @f onf 1931 ckEpS u f a&eHacsmif;òr d wGif 'd@k Arm tpnf;t±H;k udk pwifwnfaxmifI wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;r ;wm0ef/ 1300 jynft h a&;awmfykH tvkyo f rm; acgi;f aqmif/ (axmif'%fwESpf usccH &hJ onf?) tm&Svil ,f OuUÏ/ zufqpfawmfveS af &; òr d e,facgi;f aqmif/ armfueG ;f 0if&onf? xkrd aS &eHacsmif;òrd aps;or*~wnfaxmifo/l pme,fZif; uk, d pf m;vS,/f urBm+h ird ;f csr;f a&;uGe*f &uf 'kw, d OuUÏ/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk (yr-n-w) acgi;f aqmif/ 1956 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek fòr d Y pmayavmu pmtkyw f u dk u f kd wnfaxmifonf? 'k@d Armtpnf;t±H;k orkid ;f ðypka&;aumfrwD0if aqmf=oa&;r ;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiw f ufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? vli,fn! D w G af &;wyfaygi;f pkwiG f em,utjzpfaqmif&u G f cJo h nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJ+h y;D / 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (14) &ufae@wiG f touft&G,Ef iS hf use;f rma&;t& jyefvw $ af y;cJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &uf ae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumf rwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD; tygt0ifjzpfonf?

33? a&póuòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armfeD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armfeo D nf a&póuòd r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 381) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 4) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;armfwif.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckEpS /f arv (21) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? a&póudòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;armfeo D nf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f a&póuòd r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS tajccHtxufwef; atmifjrifI 1973 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS t f xd &efuek w f iG f tvkyo f ifa&S aeESihf a&S aevkyif ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS rf pS I w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vdu k yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 34? a&póuòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmifonf a&póuòd r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (29 316) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 23) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? a&póuòd r d e,f/ uHopfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pde/f trd a':oef;wifw@dk rS 1945 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifarmifonf 0dZm (Oya') ESihf Oya'0dZm bJ@G w@kd ukd &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov dk rf S 1974 ckEpS w f iG f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? w&m;±H;k csKyaf &S ae tjzpfvu dk yf gaqmif&u G t f oufarG;onf? OD;wifarmifonf rdro d nf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcH xm;&oljzpfa=umif;/ a&póudòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzJ@G 0iftcsK@d onf Oya'udak v;pm; vku d ef mr_r&Sb d J rdrw d @kd xif&mjrif&mudk a&;om;ðyrl ajymqdrk r_ sm;&Sad ea=umif;/ aemufaemifwiG f Oya'ESihf rnDaomðyvkyrf r_ sm;jzpfay:vmygu rdr. d *k%o f u d mQ ESihf tzJ@G csKyf.*k%o f u d mQ xdcu dk u f sqif;zG,&f mrsm; jzpfay:Ekid yf gI rdrt d m;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS E_wx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef aumfr&Sio f @dk wifjyvmI aumfr&Siu f E_wx f u G cf iG ðhf ya=umif; 1991 ckEpS /f ZGev f (4) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (931) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? 35? a&eHacsmif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? ocif-cif!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? ocif-cif!eG @f onf a&eHacsmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf

36? a&eHacsmif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifausmf[ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifausm[ f efonf a&eHacsmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 516) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 89) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? a&eHacsmif;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f [ef/ trd a':cifðy;H wk@d rS 1953 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;cifausm[ f efonf a&eHacsmif;òr d &Gmopftpk;d &rlvwef; ausmif;/ vnfay:tpk;d &tv,fwef;ausmif;ESit hf rSwf (1) tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS tajccHynm txufwef; atmifjrifcI hJ wuUov dk f pmay;pm,loifwef;jzifh Oya'bG@J aemufq;kH ESpt f xd ynmoif=um; cJo h nf? 1972 ckEpS rf S 1987 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmha&eHaumfyakd &;&Si;f wGif 'k-ypPn;f xde;f (puf) tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1987 ckEpS w f iG f wm0efrt S +idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS /f a&eHacsmif;a&eHajr tvkyo f rm;oydww f iG f wufºupG mG yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}Hk u;D +y;D aemuf a&eHacsmif;òr d wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf±;kH udk pwifz@JG pnf;wnfaxmif &mwGiyf g0ifc+hJ y;D òr d e,ftvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS rf S 1995 ckEpS t f xd o&uftusO;f axmifwiG f axmif'%f (3) ESpu f sccH &hJ onf? 1998 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (14) &ufae@ wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf (15) rS rauG;òrd / wyfr (88) &Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef; ({nfha*[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (28) &ufae@wiG jf yefvw G o f nf? 2001 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (4) &ufae@wiG f xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf vGwaf jrmufe,fajrod@k a&muf&o dS nf? ,ck tar&duef jynfaxmifpw k iG f aexkid o f nf?

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223

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

37? o&ufòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf o&ufòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (34 879) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 01) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? o&ufòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bopf/ trd a':wifwifw@dk rS 1930 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (11) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf 1963 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm (ynma&;) ESihf 1970 jynfEh pS f wGif ynma&;0dZm bG@J w@dk &&Scd o hJ nf? 1956 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,f wef;ausmif;ESit hf xufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky/f òr d e,fynma&;r ;/ 1979 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS (f 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wku d yf aJG umfrwD0ifEiS hf òr d jytkycf sKyfa&; tzJ@G em,utjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? o&ufòr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef ,lco hJ nf?

39? atmifvHòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;odef;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f ZHonf atmifvòH rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 717) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (61 ² 79) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;wif.om; jzpfonf? atmifvòH r d e,f/ 'k&*FAv dk af us;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? 1938 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (15) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;ode;f ZHonf 1945 ckEpS rf S 1956 ckEpS t f xd uopfuefaus; &Gm bke;f }uD;ausmif;/ anmifyifqyd f tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ jynfòrd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ atmifvòH r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf &efuek f tvGwyf nmoifausmif;rsm;wGif txufwef; txd ynmoifc+hJ y;D / 1957-58 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov dk rf S bDat-bDt,fvb f @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? ukeo f , G af &;wGif acwW0ifvyk +f y;D 1968 ckEpS rf pS I txufwef;a&S ae (,m,D)/ tpd;k &a&S ae/ w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aeponfjzifh vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? &efuek w f uUov dk f ae@ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif;/ o&ufc±dik af usmif;om;ausmif; olrsm;toif;/ abm*aA'toif;/ awmifial qmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;wk@d wiG f OuUÏtjzpf aqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (7) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1374) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (20) &ufae@wiG f e,fajrcHtm%mydik rf sm;rS rrSeo f wif; ay;r_jzifh atmifvòH r d e,fw&m;¶H;k wGif w&m;pGq J jkd cif;cHxm;&onf? 2004 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@wiG f rauG;wdik ;f / atmifvòH rd e,ftwGi;f tm%mydik rf sm;. t"rRvyk t f m;ay;apcdik ;f r_a=umifh atmifvòH rd awmifbuf iysi;f &GmrS ud0k if;vGif urf;yg;òyd ajrydI aoqH;k cJ&h onfukd ud0k if;vGi. f rdom;pkrS &efuek òf r d &Sd ILO ¶H;k xHwi kd =f um;&mwGif ulnaD qmif&u G af y;cJo h jzifh atmifvòH rd e,f tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0if udak ZmfaX;/ OD;atmifoef;xGe;f wd@k EiS t hf wl o&ufc¶dik &f w J yfz@JG r;ª OD;pde0f if;rS w&m;vdðk yvkyf w&m;pGq J ckd jhJ cif;jzpfonf?

38? atmifvHòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f vid_ o f nf atmifvòH r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 310) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (57 ² 45) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? atmifvòH r d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;xGe;f v_id . f om;jzpfonf? 1939 ckEpS /f 'DZifbm v (6) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;!Ge@f vid_ o f nf 1964 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1960-61 ckEpS w f iG f xD;wef; aumvdyf pnf;§wm0efc/H 1961-62 ckEpS w f iG f &mrnaqmifo[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; OuUÏ/ 1962 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov dk f o&ufc±dik f ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif; twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd ukeo f , G af &;pm&if;udik /f ausmif;q&m/ 1979 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? ,if;aemuf rSwyf w kH ifOya' oifwef;wufco hJ nf? 1997 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (24) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh w&m;pGq J ckd &H +y;D tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (5) ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2001 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (18) &ufae@wiG f o&uftusO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? rauG;wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J . b¾ma&;rª;jzpfol OD;!$ef@vd_iftm;cGifhðycsufr&dSbJ aus;&Gmrsm;odk@uGif;qif;pnf;¶Hk;onf// ygwDpnf;¶kH;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif; aqmif&u G o f nf// Edik if aH wmfvyk if ef;aqmif&u G cf surf sm;tay: rxDrjhJ rifðyonf [laom pGypf cJG surf sm;jzifh 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya'yk'rf 5 (n) jzift h a&;,l+y;D axmif '%f (5) ESpcf srw S cf jhJ cif; jzpfonf// 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; ðyaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm; ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

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226

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (csnrf #iEf iS hf txnf) puf±pkH rD u H ed ;f ESihf txnfpuf±kH (5) &efuek f 0efxrf;/ 1984 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf ikd f armfawmf,mOfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmf yH}k u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf?

(9) rE Wav;wdkif;?

2? ausmufqnfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm0f if;onf ausmufqnfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 866) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66²48) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? ausmufqnfòr d e,f/ ig;ajrmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&Sed /f trd a':xGe;f =unf wk@d rS 1955 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (28) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausm0f if;onf 1979 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v; 0dZm ESihf odyw H` uUov kd rf S odyH` ("mwkaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yJG atmifjrifonf? 1980 jynfEh pS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd a&S aeynmqnf;yl;cJo h nf// 1982 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS f txd wGzJ uftxufwef;jy/ oH&mG wJzG uftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ 1982 ckEpS w f iG f a':cifjrESihf vufxyf cJo h nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? ausmufqnfòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

jrefrmEdik if t H v,fyikd ;f wGif wnf&o dS nf? awmifbufwiG f yJc;l wdik ;f / taemufbufwiG f rauG; wdik ;f / ajrmufbufwiG f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ESihf ta&S bufwiG f &Sr;f jynfe,fw@kd wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (19) 'D*&D (20) rdepfEiS hf (23) 'D*&D (45) rdepftwGi;f / ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (94) 'D*&D (45) rdepfEiS hf (97) 'D*&D (00) rdepftwGi;f wGif wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (14 294) us,0f ef;onf? wdik ;f òr d awmfrmS rE aW v;òrd jzpfonf? rE aW v;wdik ;f wGif rJqENe,f (56) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (26) cktm; ud, k pf m;ðy ,SOòf yid f ol v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (282) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (15) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (297) OD; 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (55) ae&mESihf woD;yk*v ~ (1) ae&m toD;oD; a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? 1? ausmufqnfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifausmfOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifausmOf ;D onf ausmufqnfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (25 415) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 63) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ausmufqnfòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmcf if/ trd a':cifjrOD;wk@d rS 1956 ckEpS /f arv (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifausmOf ;D onf 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f &efuek pf ufr_ wuUov kd rf S tif*sief , D mbJ@G (csn§f txnf) &&Scd o hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd a&$awmif

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3? ausmufyef;awmif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;AdkvfZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Adv k Zf o H nf ausmufyef;awmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (35 320) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 87) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufyef;awmif;òrd e,f/ ta&S tifwdkif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;baomf/ trd a':at;v_id w f @dk rS 1937 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;Adv k Zf H onf 1964 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;wuUov kd rf S 0dZm bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1965 ckEpS w f iG f pcef;r ;/ aumufyo J ;D ESH t0,fpcef;(ausmufyef;awmif;òr d )/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd XmecJrG efae*sm/ òr d e,fuek o f , G af &; (ausmufyef;awmif;/ yk*/H anmifO;D / aqm)/ 1972 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd qDpufvyk if ef; (ausmufyef; awmif;)/ 1956 ckEpS w f iG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD t&efygw0D if/ ykyg` ;awmifa*guo f ;D ¶ku d t f oif; OuUÏ/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òr d e,foydww f yfaygi;f pk 'kw, d OuUÏ/ ZeD; a':wifr ESihf om;orD; (5) OD;xGe;f um;onf? ausmufyef;awmif;òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ,ck rE aW v;wdik ;f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&; aumfrwDOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G v f #u&f o dS nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfymG ;t+y;D ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (16) &ufae@wiG f trSwf (16) axmufvrS ;f a&;wyfrS jyefvw G o f nf?

228

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

4? ausmufyef;awmif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;aiGxeG ;f / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? OD;aiGxeG ;f onf ausmufyef;awmif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (35 735) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (68 ² 44) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ausmufyef;awmif;òr d e,f/ uifyeG ;f ðc&H mG Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;omtd/ trd a':at;wifw@kd rS 1937 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (15) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;aiGxeG ;f onf 0dZm (ynma&;) ESihf ynma&;0dZm bJ@G w@dk &&Scd o hJ nf? 1957 ckEpS rf pS I txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ ausmufyef; awmif;òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ 1973 ckEpS rf pS I tv,fwef;ausmif;tky/f txufwef; ausmif;tky/f 1984 ckEpS rf pS I òr d e,fynma&;r ; ausmufyef;awmif;òr d / 1988 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@ wGif ±H;k pma&;wOD; rSm;,Gi;f pGmðypkaom 1987 ckEpS /f tXrwef;ajzqko d pl m&if;ukd vufrw S x f ;kd rdI vkyo f uf jynfyh ifpifay;jcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfyh gw0D if/ 1986 ckEpS w f iG f tajccHEikd if aH &;oifwef;trSwpf Of (53) qif;/ 1350 jynf(h 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? ausmufyef;awmif;òrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òrd e,f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

&&Scd o hJ nf? aròr d tajccsppfaq;±Hk (1) wGif tvkyo f ifq&m0eftjzpf (1) ESpf xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1983 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf ikd af q;cef;/ 1982 ckEpS w f iG f òrd e,f wkid ;f &if;jrefrmorm;awmfrsm;tzJ@G OuUÏ/ 1971 ckEpS w f iG f a':EkEak t;ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? pOfu h idk òf rd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

5? pOfhulòr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;apmaX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmaX;onf pOfhulòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf ,SOòf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (26 079) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;b'if/ trd a':Zifw@kd rS 1934 ckEpS /f {+yv D (7) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;apmaX;onf 1962 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bG@J (ynma&;) bG@J EiS hf 1966 ckEpS w f iG f bDt;D 'Db@JG w@kd ukd &efuek yf nma&;wuUov kd rf S &&Scd o hJ nf? 1957 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd/ txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xd@k aemuf pOfu h òl r d e,f ynma&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;&Gucf o hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd pOfu h òl r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyf tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v; taemufajrmufòr d e,f ynma&;rª; tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? rE aW v;wdik ;f pnf; ¶H;k a&;aumfrwD 'kw, d OuUÏjzpfonf? 2003 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (19) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (16) &ufae@wiG f rE aW v;tusO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 2006 ckEpS /f {+yDv (21)&ufae@wiG f tm%mykid rf sm;. zdtm;ay; r_a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? 6? pOfhudkifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mpd;k jrifo h nf pOfu h ikd òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (18 461) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74²92) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? wHwm;OD;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;a&$/ trd a':tke;f arwd@k rS 1946 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f mpd;k jrifo h nf ausmufqnfòr d / jynfv;kH Ekid f tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;rS wuUov dk 0f ifwef;atmifjrifI 1972 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;aq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ

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7? pOfhudkifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmvSpdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mvSp;dk !Ge@f onf pOfu h ikd òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 458) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 07) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rE aW v;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;[ef!eG @f / trd a':cspcf spw f @dk rS 1957 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f mvSp;dk !Ge@f onf 1983 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v; aq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? ausmif;om;b0u vl&nfc|ef (e0rwef;) &onf? toH;k vH;k ESihf vli,f vkyt f m;ay;wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? 1985 ckEpS w f iG f a'guw f ma':aX;0if;ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd f aq;cef;zGix hf m;onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? pOfu h ikd òf rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ nwGijf zpfysucf o hJ nfh tm%mydik rf sm;ud, k w f ikd f yg0ifywfouf pDpOfusL;vGecf o hJ nfh 'Dy, J if;aoG; acsmif;pD; vky=f uHwu kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ uD;twGi;f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J .,mOfwef;wGif yg0if vdu k yf gc+hJ y;D / vky=f uo H wfjzwfwu kd cf u kd o f rl sm;&efrS toufrao vGwaf jrmufvmcJo h nf? 8? anmifOD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;csdK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;csKdonf anmifOD;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud k , f p m;ðyI 0if a &muf , S O f ò yd i f c J h & m cd k i f v H k r J ( 29884)rJ / pk p k a ygif ; rJ & mcd k i f E _ e f ; (69²11)jzif h a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? anmifO;D òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ba&$/ trd a': jrtHw k @kd rS 1921 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;csKo d nf Oypm odyt H` xufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJI h ausmif;om;or*~/ tm&Svil ,fEiS hf a&eHajrtvkyo f rm;tpnf; t±H;k wd@k wiG yf g0ifco hJ nf? ausmif;q&m/ axmufyahH &;ESihf a&eHt&m&S/d yso H ef;a&;vufaxmuf/ Adv k af vmif; oifwef;qif;/ &JtzJ@G wiG f &JtzGJ@wGif 'k&Jtkyfb0rS r_cif;vufaxmuf &Jrif;}uD;tqifx h d ESp(f 30)ausmf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm; ,lco hJ nf? ZeD; a':pde&f ifEiS hf om;orD;(7)OD;xGe;f um;onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif vHðk caH &;ESiahf t;csr;f om,ma&; OuUÏ/ anmifO;D òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2002 ckEpS /f rwfv (8)&ufae@wiG f anmifO;D òr d Y uG,v f eG o f nf?

230

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

&Jausmfol &Jrª; OD;csKd (+idrf;) touf (82) ESpf '*Hòk r d e,f/ OD;0dpm&tdr&f m/ wdu k f (30)/ tcef; (1) ae (a':pde&f if) . cifyeG ;f / OD;rsK;d jrif-h (a':ydu k yf u kd f axG;) / 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D &Jjrif-h a':cifoed ;f &D/ OD;aZmf0if;-(a':cifaxG;)/ OD;ausmaf usmf ('k}u;D §rª;/ ysO;f rem; acsm o,f) -a':wifE@JG O;D (¶H;k csKyf pma&G;§pmyd@k )/ 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D atmifarmfarmf-a':cifoef;EG@J / OD;jrifch ikd -f a':cifar csKd (Adv k rf ;ª jrifph ;kd )-a':=uL=uLoef;wd@k . zcif/ ajr; (17) a,muf/ jrpfwa,mufw@kd . tbd;k OD;csKdonf (8-3-2002) &ufwGif uG,fvGefygI (9-3-2002) &ufwGif anmifOD;òrd okomefY rD;oò* [ õ +f y;D pD;yga=umif; &yfa0;/ &yfe;D aqGrsK;d rdwo f *F[rsm;tm; today;tyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk

tzJ@G 0if/ Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t)/ wHwm;OD;/ tkycf sKyfa&;tzJ@G 0if/ ArmhumuG,af &; wyfrawmf (bD'aD t)/ wyf&if; (1) wyfom;/ r*Fvm'HAk v kd o f ifwef;ausmif; wwd,ywfAv kd o f ifwef;qif;/ wyf&if; (3)/ wyfcGJ (1)/ ±H;k tkyf (tvkyo f ifAv kdf )f / *syefawmfveS af &;wGif txufArmjynfwidk ;f wm0efjzifh wHwm;OD;òr d wGiv f y_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? z-q-y-v OuUÏ Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;. vHðk caH &;wm0ef/ Adv k cf sKyfusq;kH +y;D aemuf òr d e,fwiG f rlvwef;ESit hf v,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf t+ird ;f pm;,lonftxd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? wHwm;OD;òr d e,f rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G em,uESihf pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

9? anmifOD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;azwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;azwifonf anmifO;D òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (27 691) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68²12) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? ewWvif;òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;wif/ trd a':vSyw k @kd rS 1927 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (27) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;azwifonf owWrwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS f txd tajrmufwyfom;/ wyfpyd rf ; / 1946 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1946 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS f txd ,mOfjyif (1) 'kwyf=uyf tif*sief , D m wyfrS y-t&mcHAv kd t f xd/ 1958 ckEpS rf S 1961 ckEpS t f xd vHðk cHa&;wyfz@JG r; (uu)/ 1962-63 ckEpS w f iG f wyfa&;/ OuUÏevu tr&yl&/ twGi;f a&;r ; ajr,m aumfrwD rE aW v;wkid ;f ESihf opfxw k v f yk af &;tzG@J / 1963 ckEpS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd wyfprk ; / ppfa=umif;r ;/ cv&(11)/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fO;D pD;refae*sm ukeo f , G af &; (anmifO;D §uGwcf ikd )f / 1974 ckEpS rf pS I rm;om; wnf;ck&d yd o f mvkyif ef;&Si/f ZeD;a':EkEw k ifEiS hf om;orD; (4) OD; xGe;f um;onf? 1350 jynf(h 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yk*òH r d / òr d rd òr d ztzG@J em,u/ òr d e,f rsK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G OuUÏ/ anmifO;D òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶k;H a&;aumfrwD0if wm0ef,lcJhonf? 10? wHwm;OD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;at&m/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at&monf wHwm;OD;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (16 686) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 9) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? wHwm;OD;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1921 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (1) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? ODz;kd 0ef.om; jzpfonf? ODat&monf A[dak emfraH usmif;rS txufwef;q&mjzpf ([dik ;f &m;*&dw)f ESihf ausmif;xGuv f ufrw S &f pmar;yGu J ykd g tvGwaf jzqdk atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1300 jynfEh pS /f ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wHwm;OD;òrd e,fausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUÏ/ oydwaf cgi;f aqmif/ ajratmufawmfveS af &; tcsed jf ynfh

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11? wHwm;OD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;eD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;eDonf wHwm;OD;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rHk J (16 432) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 42) jzifah &G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? wHwm;OD;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 25-3-1931 ckEpS /f rwfv (25) &ufae@zmG ; jzpf onf? OD;om&Se;f .om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;eDonf 1964 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm (ynma&;) bJ@G / 1968 ckEpS f wGi0f Zd m bG@J EiS hf 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f ynma&;0dZm bG@J w@dk &&Scd o hJ nf? 1954 ckEpS w f iG f tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1958 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ txufwef; ausmif;tky/f 1979 ckEpS w f iG f t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1946 ckEpS /f Edik if v H ;kH qkid &f mausmif;om;oydww f iG f wHwm;OD;ausmif;om;oydwf acgi;f aqmif/ Auorsm;tzJ@G csKyf nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? wHwm;OD;òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;rª; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 12? wyfukef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;0rf;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0rf;armifonf wyfuek ;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (25 422) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 74) jziffh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? wyfuek ;f òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vS/ trd a':apmvSw@dk rS 1946 ckEpS /f atmuf wdb k mv (23) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;0rf;armifonf wyfuek ;f òrd / tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif; trSwf (1) wGif q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1967 ckEpS w f iG f a':wifoef;ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? pdu k yf sK;d arG;jrLa&;vkyv f suf vlra_ &;/ bmoma&;toif;tzJ@G rsm;wGif OD;aqmif OD;&Guðf ycJo h nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif aus;&Gmtkypf k (64) &Gmod@k vSnv hf nfI a[m ajymaqG;aEG;cJo h nf? wyfuek ;f òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 13? wyfukef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;0if;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;v_id o f nf wyfuek ;f òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (25 894) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 31) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? uav;0òr d e,f/ uav;0pDru H ed ;f opfacsmif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1963 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbm

232

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

v (27) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;atmifxeG ;f .om; jzpfonf? OD;0if;v_id o f nf &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd H` wuUov kd f rS odyH` (±lyaA') bJ@G &&Scd I hJ rSwyf w kH ifOya'pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifonf? 1989 ckEpS w f iG f tdraf xmifðycJo h nf? ukeo f nfwydik ;f a&S aewykid ;f toufarG;onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[k)d wGif A[dv k il ,fvyk if ef; tzJ@G 0ifEiS hf A[kOd ;D pD;tzJ@G 0if wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? OD;0if;v_id o f nf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. *ENcD ef;r qH;k jzwfcsut f wdik ;f e0wxHrS v$waf wmfac:,lciG rhf &v#if vkyaf qmifoifo h nfeh nf;vrf;oH;k oG,f pmwrf; udk tzG@rJ sm;cJI G wkid yf ifaqG;aEG;a&;om;=u&mwGif vli,fA[dt k zJ@G . tkypf ak cgi;f aqmiftjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onft h wGuf oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;0if;v_id o f nf 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay: pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf (5) (u) (c) (n) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cHc&hJ I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya'yk'rf (11) (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (987) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? aemif (10) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifchJ onf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (24) &ufae wiG f ESp&f n S af xmif'%ftjypfay;jcif; cHc&hJ onf?

aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS E_wx f u G af =umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf (963) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? ,if;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf if;aqmif&u G af eonfh rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG J rS rdrt d zG J tpnf;udk todray;bJEw _ x f u G o f nft h wGuf OD;cspcf ikd u f kd rlt& taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ tzG J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; xkwyf ,fco hJ nf? tvm;wl trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrv S nf; xkwyf ,fco hJ nf? e0w. trde@f trSwf (1§90) zDqefrj_ zifh zrf;qD; xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D aemuf 1992 ckEpS /f {+yv D (26) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 1993 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (18)&ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

14? awmifomòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cspfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspcf ikd f (aZ,sausmx f if/ oD&yd scH spD nfo)l onf awmifomòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (30 026) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 64) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1921 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (7) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? awmifomòr d e,f/ oyGwpf k aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;a&$O/ trd a':pdeOf wd@k .om; jzpfonf? OD;cspcf idk o f nf q,fwef;ausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;or*~acgi;f aqmif/ 1940 jynfEh pS rf S 1946 ckEpS t f xd Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bD/ tkid /f at)/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD/ 'D/ at)/ rsK;d cspf Armhwyfrawmf (yD/ AD/ tufz)f wd@k wiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd t f rSwf (=unf;) 3694 jzifh jyefwrf;0if t&m&Sjd zpf +y;D / 1946 ckEpS w f iG f oeu (2) Y pwifwm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? oeu (5) wyfct JG &m&S/d 1947 ckEpS w f iG f ppf0efxrf;wyf/ 1949 ckEpS w f iG f a'oE &W Adv k rf ;ª wyfr;ª / 1950 jynfEh pS w f iG f Adv k }f uD; tqifo h @kd w;kd jri jhf cif;cH&+y;D cv& (8) 'kw, d wyfcrJG ;ª / 1951 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k rf ;ª tqifo h @kd wd;k jri chf ef@tyfjcif;cH&+y;D cv& (18) ,m,Dwyf&if;rª;/ 1955 ckEpS w f iG f 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }uD;tqifo h @kd wd;k jr ijhf cif;cH&+yD; wyf&if;rª;/ 1957 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr[m (10) wyfr[mrª;/ rycY ppfO;D pD;rª; (yxrwef;)/ 1958 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr[m (10) wyfr[mrª;/ csi;f oeu (4)/ 0ef}u;D csKyf¶;kH / 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f wdu k cf u kd af &;ausmif;Y vufaxmuf ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1958 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd n¸e=f um;a&;rª;csKyf/ 1961 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (13) &ufae@wiG f a&G;aumufyYJG bufvu kd cf o hJ nf[q k u kd m &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzG@J tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmf wGif ppfrx _ rf;jcif;rS &yfpcJ o hJ nf? 1962 ckEpS /f rwfv (20) &ufae@wiG f tvky0f wW&m;rsm;udk jyefvnf tyfEcHS +hJ y;D t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd !¸e=f um;a&;rª;csKyf/ tvkyo f rm; 0ef}u;D Xme (Adv k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if;. tdraf pmift h pk;d &)/ Edik if *hH % k &f nf (yxrqif)h / armfueG ;f 0if (yxrqif)h &onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k wGi;f a&;r ;ESihf rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[dt k axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (1) &ufae wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;

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aZ,sausmfxifoD&dysHcsD/ pnfol (Edik if *hH % k &f nfyxrqif)h (armfueG ;f 0ifyxrqif)h OD;cspfcdkif (jrifhjcH§awmifom) ('kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;/ t+idrf;pm;) (=unf;-3649) *syefacwfppfwuUodkvf/ tywfpOf (1) touf (72) ESpf awmifomòr d e,f/ oyGwpf ak us;&Gmae OD;a&$O (uG,v f eG )f - a':pdeOf wd@k . om;}u;D / &efuek òf r d / trSwf 14 (*)/ uarBmZ&dyo f mae a': jrifjh rifh (jrif;jc)H (uG,v f eG )f . cifyeG ;f / OD;rsK;d [de;f -a':0g0gatmif/ a'guw f m ode;f aZmf-a'guw f moef;oef;0if; (U.K.)/ a'guw f mwifoed ;f -a'guw f mwifaX;armf/ Adv k }f u;D atmifausmEf ikd f (t+ird ;f pm;)-Adv k }f u;D vJv h chJ ikd f (t+ird ;f pm;)/ OD;vSbek ;f -a':,k,0k if;/ a'guw f mEdik af tmifa':cifEiS ;f EG,/f OD;vGiaf rmif-a':cifv0S if; wd@k . aus;Zl;&Sif arG;ozcif/ ajr; (12) a,mufw@kd . tbd;k jzpfol OD;cspcf ikd o f nf 18-7-93 &ufae@ we*FaEGae@wiG f &efuek af q;¶H}k uD;Y uG,v f eG o f mG ;yga=umif; aqGrsK;d rdwo f *F[rsm;tm; ta=umif;=um;odaptyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 15? awmifomòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf awmifomòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (30 086) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 38) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1990 jynfEh pS /f ZGev f (6) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (609) jzifh rE aW v;wkid ;f / awmifomòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (41)/ yk'rf cGJ (8)ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf[k azmfjya=unmcJo h nf? 1922 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (10) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;zd;k rif;.om; jzpfonf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf 1937 ckEpS rf S

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1941 ckEpS t f xd (10) wef;ausmif;om;/ jrif;jcaH usmif;om;or*~ tr_aqmif/ 1942 ckEpS rf S 1946 ckEpS f txd Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bD/ tkid /f at) tkycf sKyaf &;0if zufqpfawmfveS af &; jrif;jccH ±dik w f m0efc/H 1946 ckEpS rf S 1953 ckEpS t f xd jrif;jccH ±dik f z-q-y-v twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1947 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd wkdif;ðyjynfðyv$wfawmftrwf/ ygvDreftrwf/ ygvDreftwGif;0ef/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H;k rsm;tzJ@G csKyf-ArmEdik if (H wD-,l-pD-bD) twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1964 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmh qd&k , S v f pfvrf;pOfygw0D if/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd ukeo f , G af &; (4) tzJ@G 0if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif/ txufArmjynfpnf;¶H;k a&; wm0efc/H A[kt d vkyo f rm;tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfonf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@ 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vkyf=uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;pOf aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf; qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cH&+y;D / 2003 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf?

ESprf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd xy& (525) armfvòrid /f 1987 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmvwGif t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? EGm;xd;k }u;D òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G w@kd wiG f wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1266) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

16? EGm;xdk;}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;yef;om/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? OD;yef;omonf EGm;xk;d }u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (25 034) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 42) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? EGm;xk;d }u;D òr d e,f/ 0ufv;l aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vS&if/ trd a':vS}u;D wk@d rS 1924 ckEpS /f Zefe0g &Dv (31) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;yef;omonf rE aW v;zm;om;vzke;f ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1941 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd tm&Svil ,f/ zufqpfawmfveS af &;wGif EGm;xd;k }u;D ajrmufbufjcrf; wm0efc/H 1946 ckEpS rf S 1948 ckEpS t f xd ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD òr d e,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzG@J 0if/ 1948 ckEpS /f rwfv (28) &ufae@wiG f rE aW v;axmifY zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1949 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;òr d tm; u&ifoyl ek o f rd ;f onft h cg axmifrjS yefvnfvw G af jrmufco hJ nf? 1951 ckEpS rf S 1953 ckEpS t f xd ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD òr d e,fOuUÏ/ 1953 ckEpS w f iG f tvif;0ifco hJ nf? 1954 ckEpS w f iG f òr d e,f z-q-y-v tzG@J 0if/ 1957 ckEpS f rS 1963 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,f z-q-y-v OuUÏ/ tvif; a&muf &Jabmfrsm; jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD vl}u;D / 1963 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd Edik if aH &;rS tem;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf?

18? ykord }f uD;òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;qef;!Gef@a0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef;!Ge@f a0onf ykord }f u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 336) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 24) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ausmufyef;awmif;òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;apm/ trd a':apma&$w@dk rS 1952 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;qef;!Ge@f a0onf rauG;aumvdyw f iG f ±lyaA' yxrESpt f xd oif=um;cJo h nf// 1971 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyo f ifAv kd af vmif; trSwpf Of (1) od@k wufa&mufchJ onf? 1973 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd tvkyo f ifAv kd f cv& (1)/ 'kAv kd f cv& (6)/ Adv k f cv& (59)/ Adv k f }u;D cv& (74)/ cv&(4)/ 1984 ckEpS w f iG f t&yfbufjypfr_ (307) (c)t& wyfrawmfrS t+rw J rf; xkwjf ypf '%fEiS hf tvky=f urf;jzifah xmif'%f (1) ESpu f sccH &hJ onf? 1984 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd ykord }f u;D òr d e,f/ a&xGuaf us;&GmwGif opfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? rsK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsmtzJ@G OuUÏ/ wkid ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J 0if/ ykord }f u;D òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrES w k x f u G cf +hJ y;D etzowif;pmrsm;wGif qef;!Ge@f a0 (ykord }f uD;òr e,f a&G;cs,cf u H , kd pf m;vS,Ef w k x f u G )f [lonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh tzG@J csKyftm; wdu k cf u kd o f nfh aqmif;yg; rsm; a&;om;cJo h nf?

17? EGm;xdk;}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pde;f armifonf EGm;xk;d }u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 303) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 43) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? EGm;xk;d }u;D òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f pde/f trd a':vS&ifw@kd rS 1930 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pde;f armifonf jrif;jcHòrd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wGif wuUov kd 0f ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; 1950 jynfEh pS w f iG f wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1950 jynfEh pS w f iG f vu& (1) wGif ausmif;qif;+y;D A[dq k ufo, G af &;/ aròr d wm0ef/ 1965 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k o f ifwef; trSwpf Of (34) qif; wAu (2) ykyg` ;/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd xy& (222) a&$anmif/ 1980 jynfh

19? ykodrf}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pHvSabmf (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D pHvaS bmf (t+ird ;f pm;) onf ykord }f u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (13 870) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ &mcdik Ef e_ ;f (57 ² 76) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1928 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (20) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? armfvòrid òf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausm&f edS . f om; jzpfonf? 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D pHvaS bmf (t+ird ;f pm;) onf 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfy/kH Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t)/ tm&Svil ,f/ rsK;d cspAf rmhwyfrawmf (yDAt D ufz)f wk@d wiG yf gco hJ nf? t*Fvyd -f jrefrm q,fwef;ta&muf 1947 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfo@dk 0ifa&muf cJo h nf? 1952 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k af vmif;oifwef;trSwpf Of (7) od@k wufco hJ nf? xkrd S 'kw, d Adv k /f Adv k /f Adv k }f u;D / Adv k rf ;ª / 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D txd wyfrawmfwiG t f r_xrf;cJI h 1985 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ rE aW v;wkid ;f pnf;¶H;k a&; aumfrwDOuUÏ/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf rE aW v;wkid ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef ,lco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy/f rE aW v;wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J wm0efcH OD;pHvaS bmftm; 1996 ckEpS f

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Ek0d ifbmv (22) &ufae@nwGi/f rE aW v;-&efuek f tjref&xm;ay:wGif t=urf;zuform;vl&rf;um; wd@k u ypPnf;rsm;vk,uf+yD;/ OD;acgif;udk¶kdufESufcJh=uonf// ,if;tr_tm; oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;xH tr_ziG w hf ikd =f um;cJah omfvnf;/ wpHw k &mta&;,lrr_ &dcS yhJ g/ 2006 ckEpS /f {+yDv (27) &ufae@wiG f tm%mykid f rsm;. zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf?

1963 ckEpS t f xd twGi;f a&;r ; &ufuef;or/ òrd e,for0g,rESihf òrd e,fvufum;or/ ,if;aemuf uk, d yf ikd f pD;yGm;a&;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? aysmb f , G òf r d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;r ;ESihf b¾ma&;r ;wm0ef ,lco hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 2000 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f (1) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1513) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

20? ysOf;rem;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifhvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;wifv h iG o f nf ysO;f rem;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (31 681) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 5) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? ysO;f rem;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk}d u;D / trd a':cifjrwd@k rS 1945 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifv h iG f onf tajccHynmtxufwef;ukd (c) tqifjh zifh oH;k }urd f atmifjrif+y;D aemuf ausmif;qufrwufyJ =uo H umyG±J v kH yk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? tm;upm;ESihf um,ynmenf;jy/ òr d e,for0g ,rvkyif ef;}uD;=uyfrE_ iS hf aps;E_e;f n Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwD0if/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? ysO;f rem;òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef ,lco hJ nf? 12-6-1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (12) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrES w _ x f u G af =umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf (1268) jzifh a=unmcJh onf? 21? ysOf;rem;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmo f nf ysO;f rem;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (29 995) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (61 ² 38) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif; cHc&hJ onf? ysO;f rem;òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;jzL/ trd apm&ifw@kd rS 1937 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (9) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausmo f nf 1962 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1965 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwo D @kd 0ifonf? 1965 ckEpS rf S 1976 ckEpS t f xd t&ef,el pf aumfrwD0if vtu OuUÏ/ v,form;aumifpED iS hf òrd e,for0g,r OuUÏ/ xd@k aemuf pdu k yf sK;d arG;jrLa&; ud, k yf ikd f vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? ysO;f rem;òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 22? aysmfbG,fòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cifarmifndK/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifnKd onf aysmb f , G òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (25 272) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 07) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? aysmfbG,fòrd e,f/ av#mfjzLukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1941 zGm;/ tz OD;aomif;az/ trd a':aomif;wifw@dk rS 1941 ckEpS /f arv (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;cifarmifnKd onf aysmb f , G òf r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1960 jynfEh pS f wGif a':oef;jrifEh iS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f pma&;/ òr d e,f&ufuef;or0g,r/ 1961 ckEpS rf S

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jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1513) (1362 ckESpf/ 0gacgifvqef; 2 &uf) (2000 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv 1 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? OD;cifarmifnKd tm; rE aW v;wdik ;f / aysmb f , G òf r e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rE aW v;wdik ;f / aysmb f , G f òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumuf wifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;cifarmifnKd u rdro d nf yk*Kd~ vfp/JG tzG@J p/JG ygwpD rJG &Sb d J bmoma&;ESihf ukov kd jf zpf vlra_ &;vkyif ef;rsm;udo k m vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G v f +kd y;D ygwED ikd if aH &;udk qufvufvyk u f ikd &f ef qENr&Sad wmhojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;cifarmifnKd .wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;cifarmifnKd tm; ,ae@rpS I aysmb f , G òf r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqEN e,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 23? aysmfbG,fòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;vSazonf aysmb f , G òf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðy I 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 527) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 87) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? aysmb f , G òf r d e,f/ ZD;jzLuke;f &GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bd;k cif/ trd a':apmjrwd@k rS 1949 ckEpS /f ZGev f (6) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;vSazonf 1969 ckEpS w f iG f aysmb f , G òf rd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;wuUov kd rf S odyH` (±lyaA') bJ@G &&Scd hJ onf? wuUov kd af usmif;om;b0wGif òr d e,ftoif;ESihf taqmifom,ma&;aumfrwDw@dk wiG f OD;aqmifchJ onf? òr d e,ftwGi;f ausmif;q&mtjzpf (2) ESp/f or0efxrf;,m,D vkyu f idk +f y;D aemuf a':cif0if;=unfEiS fh vufxyfco hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS rf pS I ud, k yf ikd f enf;jyoifwef;zGio hf nf? 1982 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd a&$jynf &efatmifor0g,rtoif; OuUÏ/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? aysmb f , G òf r d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD wGb J uftwGi;f a&;rª; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? pifòyid t f pd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;/ awmwGi;f ,m,D tpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;wk@d EiS yhf wfoufI 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwb dk mvwGif rE aW v;òr d wGif v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvky&f mwGif yg0ifchJ onf? oufqikd &f mrS ta&;,l&efppD OfaepOf a&Smifwrd ;f oGm;ojzifh w&m;cHajy;tjzpf A[ef;òr d e,f w&m;±H;k rS 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG pnf;onft h cg/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&;ESihf jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? xd@k twGuf aomif;use;f olEiS q hf uf oG,jf cif;/ aomif;use;f e,fajrrme,fyavmok@d oGm;a&muf+y;D pifðyid t f pd;k &zG@J vsuf Ekid if aH wmfuakd xmif xm;jcm;em;jcif;wk@d a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H oltjzpfrS ysujf y,fojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m; vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1990 jynfh ESp/f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (903) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbm v (17) &ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS tzG@J csKyfwiG , f l xm;onfw h m0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfh ESp/f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@pyJG g pmtrSwf - 755§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwðf yxm;jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1991 ckEpS /f {+yDv (25) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyifqifw;kd cs J zG@J pnf;onft h cg jyef=um;a&;ESi, hf Ofaus;r_ 0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jynf axmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J wiG f wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf xdik ;f Edik if /H befaumufòr d Y vky=f ucH cH &hJ +y;D uG,v f eG cf o hJ nf?

xd@k aemuf w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vku d yf gco hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf (1262) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? OD;vSapmOD; (66) ESpf w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S ae (ajrmufOD;òr ) ajrmufO;D òr d ae (OD;ausmv f aS tmif-a':pHjrcdik )f wd@k . om;}u;D / ppfawGòr d ae (a':ode;f ar)/ (OD;pdef bOD;- a':aomif;ar) wd@k . om;oruf/ a':aomif;pde. f cspv f pS mG aomcifyeG ;f / a'guw f mausmaf pm/ a':arrsK;d jrwf/ a':rdrcd ikd /f Adv k rf ;ª cifarmifcsKd / OD;atmifapm (zJóu;d 0gpm;awmfquf)/ a': jrjrcdik f (OD;owd;k Edik )f (ZD0&wemaq;qdik )f / udEk ikd af pmwd@k . arG;ozcifaus;Zl;&Si/f ajr;&Spaf ,mufw@kd . tbd;k / a':eDepD /H OD;ausmf xGe;f vS/ (Adv k rf ;ª omxGe;f atmif)/ a':pHEiS ;f omwd@k . tud}k u;D OD;vSapmOD;onf (29-6-98) &ufwiG f trSwf (155)/ ^m%fawm&yf/ jyifO;D vGiòf r d aetdrYf uG,v f eG yf gI (1-7-98) &uf rGe;f vGJ (1)em&DwiG f aemifv;kH okomefo@kd yd@k aqmif *loiG ;f oò* [ õ yf grnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk

24? jyifOD;vGifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSapmOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;vSapmOD;onf jyifO;D vGifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (11 632) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (49 ² 02) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ausmv f aS tmif/ trd a':pHjrckid w f @kd rS 1933 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;vSapmOD;onf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S odyb H` @GJ EiS Ohf ya'0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;tkyf }uD; (òrd a[mif;/ [oFmw/ tif;pde)f / wGaH w;òrd e,f w&m;ol}uD;/ ppfawG/ aròrd / armif;awme,fyikd f w&m;ol}u;D / &efuek Af [dw k &m;±H;k 'kw, d vufaxmuf!e$ =f um;a&;r ;/ aròr d òr d e,fw&m;ol}u;D tzJ@G OuUÏ/

25? jyifOD;vGifòr e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;yDwmvif;yif/ woD;yk*~v? OD;yDwmvif;yifonf jyifO;D vGiòf r d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf ta&G;cs,f cHc&hJ m cdik v f rkH J (6 943) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (38 ² 44) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;vif;yifxyd w f ifvwf/ trd a':cifcifoed ;f wd@k .om; jzpfonf? 1941 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? 1947-1962 ckEpS rf sm;wGif pde@f z&efppf/ t*Fvyd rf ufo'pfEiS hf òr d r trsK;d om; ausmif;wd@k wiG f 1958 ckEpS /f 'orwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov dk f wGif EkdifiHa&;ody`HbmomwGJjzifh aemufqkH;ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? òrd rtxufwef;ausmif;/ &efuek òf rd wGif ynmoif;=um;aepOf ausmif;om;or*~twGi;f a&;rª;ESihf &efuek cf ¶dik af usmif;om;or*~/ vrf;rawmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (1) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEpS /f rwfv (25) &ufae@txd umuG,af &;0ef}u;D Xme/ aiGpm&if;0ef¶;kH wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ wyfrawmfe,fvn S hf pm&if;ppf t&m&St d jzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif/ e,fvn S phf m&if;ppf/ wyfpm&if;udik f (rE aW v;/ jyifO;D vGi/f tr&yl&/ jrpfi,f/ ausmufqnf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f / &efuek /f wef@,ef;/ ausmufjzL/ vdKG ifvif/ aumhu&dwEf iS +hf rw d w f @kd &dS wyf&if;/ wyfz@JG rsm;wm0ef)/ 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dru kd a&pDvx l ak wmfveS af &; ta&;awmfykH }uD;wGif jyifO;D vGif òrd rdòrd ztzG@J twGi;f a&;rª;/ =um;jzwftpd;k &zG@J pnf;ay;&ef awmif;qdck o hJ nf? OD;Ek/ OD;atmif}u;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ ol&OD;wifO;D / Adv k &f efEikd /f Adv k rf ;ª atmifw@kd EiS ahf wG@qI kH AG'D , D w kd w d f acGrsm;/ vufurf;pmapmifrsm;udk rE aW v;ausmif;om;rsm;xHo@kd vnf;aumif;/ q&m0eftoif;ESihf tjcm; tzG@J tpnf;rsm;u vufqifu h rf;ay;vdu k o f nfh pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;ud/k òr d e,ftzG@J tpnf;rsm;od@k vnf; aumif; jzef@a0cJo h nf? ,if;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEpS /f

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@txd/ xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ onf? 1989 ckEpS /f rwfv (25) &uf ae@wiG f wm0efrS t+idr;f pm;ay;jcif;cH&onf? 1989 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (17) &ufae@txd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ aròr d wGif (21) OD; OD;aqmifaumfrwD/ (b¾ma&;) vli,fwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhI/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf udk,fpm;ðyv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf ,SOfòydifta&G;cH&eftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&Sio f @kd av#mufxm;cJo h nf? od@k aomf 'Dru kd a&pDEiS +hf ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J rS trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf od@k u;l ajymif;vmonfh OD;cifarmifjrift h m;/ jyifO;D vGiòf r d e,f rJqENe,f trSwf (2) twGuf v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf/ tzG@J csKyfA[drk S a&G;cs,t f odtrSwðf yvdu k o f jzifh tzG@J csKyfA[drk S wm0efcH OD;=unfarmifxo H @kd jyif;jyif;xefxef pma&;uef@uu G cf +hJ yD;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfrES w k x f u G I f woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf a&G;aumufy0JG ifco hJ nf? a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cH&+y;D aemufwiG f tjcm;a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh òrd e,ftoD;oD;rStzGJ@csKyf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh qufo, G yf ;l aygi;f aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? a&G ; aumuf y G J w G i f , S O f ò yd i f z uf j zpf o nf h wd k i f ; &if ; om;pnf ; vH k ; nD ! G w f a &;ygwD r S v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,favmif; Adkvfrª;}uD;armifarmif (t+idrf;pm;) rS a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$m wifoiG ;f cJo h jzif/h a&G; aumufycJG kH trSwf (3) wGif =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? xdt k awmtwGi;f OD;yDwmvif;yifonf pifòydiftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;wdk@ESifhywfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifh atmuf w d k b mvtwG i f ; rE W a v;òrd Y v#Kd 0S u f t pnf ; ta0;rsm;ðyvk y f & mwG i f yg0if c J h o nf ? ,if;twGuo f ufqikd &f mu ta&;,l&ef pDpOfaepOf a&Smifwrd ;f oGm;ojzifh oufqikd &f mrS 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f w&m;cHajy; tjzpf a=unmcJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&v D (18) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG pnf;onft h cg Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? od@k twGuf aomif; usef;olwdk@ESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;ole,fajr rme,fyavmodk@oGm;a&muf+yD;/ EdkifiHawmfudk axmifxm;jcm;em;jcif;wd@k a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&oltjzpfrS ysujf y,fojzif/h v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sirf S 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@ wGif a=unmcsut f rSwf (903) jzifah =unmcJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g pm trSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpf 0ifa&mufta&G;cHco hJ nft h wGuf tzG@J csKyrf S xkwyf ,f+y;D jzpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? ZeD;rSm a':pdepf ed f jzpfonf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k iG f aexkid o f nf?

§tm;um/ vlra_ &;ESib hf moma&;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;wGif OD;pD;aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? rvdi_ òf rd e,ftrsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZif bmv (3) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1416) jzifh jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif;a=unmcJo h nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1416) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvqef; 15 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 3 &uf) ta=umif;t&m?

? OD;apma&$tm; rE aW v;wdik ;f rvdi_ òf r e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rE aW v;wdik ;f rvdi_ òf r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajr mufcx H m;&ol OD;apma&$u rdro d nf use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef ,if;.qEN tavsmuf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;apma&$.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;apma&$tm; ,ae@rpS I rvdi_ òf r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y vdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

26? rvd_ifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apma&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apma&$onf rv_id òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 595) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (59 ² 58) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;0dik v f ifcsK. d om; jzpfonf? 1936 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? OD;apma&$onf wef;jrifh ausmif;xGupf mar;yJaG tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifp0D if/ pnfyif

27? rv_difòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifjrifo h nf rv_id òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 468) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 04) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? aròr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;boef;/ trd a':EG@J w@dk rS 1941 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;armifarmifjrifo h nf 1947 ckEpS rf S 1949 ckEpS t f xd aròr d rpPatmhuzd rf v l wef;óuad usmif;/ 1949 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd pdet f v J Awft*Fvyd f txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f tajccH

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1961 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v; wuUov kd f wGif wufa&mufI odyb H` @JG &&Scd o hJ nf? ,if;aemuf cr& (109) wGif wyf=uyf}u;D pma&;tjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifaepOf aoewfusnq f efxu G I f vlaor_jzifh jypf'%fusccH &hJ onf? 1977 ckEpS w f iG f &rnf;oif; axmifrv S w G o f nf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS f txd jynfo@l aumifp'D w k , d oufwef;wGif rE aW v; ta&S ajrmufòrd e,f jynfo@l aumifp0D iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1982 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v;ta&S ajrmuf (31) vrf;wGif yÌrwef;rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef;txd t*Fvyd pf musL&Sijf ycJo h nf? tdrw f iG ;f pufrv _ ufrv _ yk if efvnf; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH uD;wGif ppfrx _ rf;a[mif;rsm;or*~uzkd @GJ pnf;OD;aqmifco hJ nf? ygwD pH'k rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1999 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1488) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrES w k x f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f tjzpfrES w k x f u G cf +hJ y;D etzowif;pmrsm;wGif armifarmifjrifh (rvdi_ òf r e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ a&G;cs,cf u H , kd pf m;vS,Ef w k x f u G )f [lonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh tzG@J csKyt f m;wdu k cf u kd o f nfh aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJo h nf?

ivku d af csmif;qnf wnfaqmufa&;vkyif ef;wGif vkyif ef;jyvufaxmuftif*seD , D m/ yHak ovpm ,m,D 0efxrf;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ jzifh 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (19) &uf ae@rS 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (24) &ufae@txd xde;f odr;f jcif; cHc&hJ onf? ,if;aemuf trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae@wGif rESi;f ESi;f a0ESiv hf ufxyfco hJ nf? rd;k ukwòf r d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0if/ 0yfa&Smh vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? pifòyid t f pd;k & zG@J pnf;a&;/ awmwGi;f ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;a&;wf@kd EiS yhf wfoufI 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwb kd mvtwGi;f rE aW v;òr d Y v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvky&f mwGif yg0ifco hJ nf? oufqikd &f muta&;,l&efppD OfaepOf a&Smifwrd ;f oGm;ojzifh A[ef;òr d e,fw&m;¶H;k Y w&m;pGJ qd+k y;D w&m;cHajy;tjzpf 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpkd;&zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg aqmuf vkyaf &;0ef}u;D Xme/ ow KwiG ;f ESiphf rG ;f tif0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ,if;a=umifh aomif; use;f olEiS hf qufo, G jf cif;/ aomif;use;f e,fajrod@k omG ;a&muf+yD; Edik if aH wmfudk axmifxm;jcm;em;jcif; wdk@a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;oltjzpfrS ysufjy,fojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (903) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &uf ae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS tzGJ@csKyfwGif ,lxm;onfh wm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy. f 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 755§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKy. f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpftodtrSwðf yxm;jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D (25) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyifqifw;kd cs J zG@J pnf;onft h cg rlvwm0efuykd if qufvufwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (21) &ufae@wiG f qG'D ifEikd if /H AGerf m;pApfY trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onft h cg b¾ma&;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D jzpfvmcJo h nf? ,ck tar&duefjynf axmifpw k iG f aexkid o f nf?

28? rdk;ukwfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a':arESif;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':arESi;f =unfonf rd;k ukwòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 439) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 06) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;atmif!eG @f / trd a':aX;wk@d rS 1948 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (14) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a':arESi;f =unfonf rd;k ukwòf r d tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif; rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1968 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;wuUov kd rf S odyH` (±lyaA') bG@J & &Scd o hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f OD;rd;k [de;f ESiv hf ufxyfc+hJ y;D om;orD;oH;k OD;xGe;f um;onf? 2003 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (10) &ufae@wiG f 'Dy, J if;tjzpftysut f m; pHpk rf; ppfaq;ay;&ef etz OuUÏ xHpma&;awmif;qdck o hJ nfu h pd t P wGuf ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS ac:,lppfaq;jcif; cHc&hJ +y;D aemufwae@ Zlvikd v f (11) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw $ af y;cJo h nf? 2003 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (17) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdefr_cif;wyfzGJ@rS aetdrfodk@vma&mufac:aqmif+yD; tif;pdeftusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; xm;cJ&h mrS 2003 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (9) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdeaf xmifrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf? 29? rd;k ukwòf r e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;bdkvSwifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bkv d w S ifo h nf rk;d ukwòf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 527) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 26) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rk;d ukwòf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH&edS /f trd a':tke;f wk@d rS 1957 ckEpS /f 'ZD ifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;bkv d w S ifo h nf rd;k ukwòf r d / usyjf yiftpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ urm&Gwf òr d e,f tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1981 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f pufrw _ uUov kd rf S òr d jytif*seD , D mbJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1984 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D rS 1985 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f txd

30? rwW&mòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmatmifa0/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f matmifa0onf rwW&mòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (27 153) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 45) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrif;jcòH r d / qDr;D cHZk mwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odu k /f trd a':zGm;csw D @kd rS 1943 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (14) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f matmifa0onf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;aq; wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd hJ onf? 1969 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fuse;f rma&; t&m&Sd ({&m0wD wdik ;f / vyGwmW òr d )/ 1972 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd wm0efcq H &m0ef (azmif}u;D 0efxrf;ausmif;)/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fq&m0ef (rif;jym;/ ykÀm;u|e;f / rwW&m)/ 1978 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd òrd e,faumifp0D ifEiS hf tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H;k 0if/ òrd e,f tm;§um wnfaqmufa&; OuUÏ/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif òrd e,fuse;f rma&;0efxrf;rsm;. oydwf

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

acgi;f aqmif/ rwW&mòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2002 ckEpS /f rwfv (7) &ufae@wiG f pifumylEikd if YH uG,v f eG o f nf?

xrf;aq;r ;/ 1964 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfaq;wyf jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd (=unf;-3344)/ 1969 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k rf ; / 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f wyfrawmfrt S +ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? xd@k aemuf uk, d yf ikd af q;cef;zGiI hf rdwv D mòr d wGif aexdik o f nf? 2003 ckEpS /f rwfv (22) &ufae@wiG f c&pfawmfYtdyaf ysmo f nf?

a'gufwmOD;atmifa0 touf (60) (rwW&m) jrif;jcHòrd e,f/ qDr;D cHak e OD;odu k -f a':zGm;csw D @kd .om;/ rE aW v;òrd / r[mòrdi&f yfae OD;uH!eG @f a':=unfcifw@kd . om;oruf/ rwW&mòr d ae udrk if;rif;OD;-rcdik Ef , G af 0/ udx k % G ;f aeatmif-rcsKcd sKv d /S pdr;f EG,f a0/ jrwfrsK;d EG,af 0wd@k . arG;ozcif/ a':cifnKd .cspv f pS mG aom cifyeG ;f / a'guw f mOD;atmifa0onf (73-2002) &uf jrefrmpHawmfcsed f rGe;f vGJ (1 ; 28) em&DwiG f pifumylEikd if YH uG,v f eG yf gI (9-3-2002) &uf eHeuf (7 ; 30) em&DwiG f pifumylEikd if YH oò* [ õ +f y;D pD;yga=umif; aqGrsK;d rdwo f *F[rsm;tm; ta=umif; =um;tyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 31? rwW&mòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;vGio f nf rwW&mòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 364) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (69 ² 63) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1938 ckEpS zf mG ;jzpfonf? OD;pHaxG;.om; jzpfonf? OD;oef;vGio f nf pku d yf sK;d a&; 'Dyvdrk m&&Scd o hJ nf? rlvwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf (10) ESp/f tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf (6)v/ pdu k yf sK;d a&;t&m&St d jzpf (6) ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf rD;avmif&mwGif Xmeydik af iG yg0ifq;kH ±Ho _ mG ;ojzifh axmif'%fusccH &hJ onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? rwW&mòrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏjzpfol OD;oef;vGif tm; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&;udt k a=umif;ðyI 1998 ckEpS /f ZGev f (26) &ufae@rS 2000 jynfEh pS /f Zef e0g&v D (30) &ufae@txd ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJ+h y;D v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpfEiS hf tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpfrES w _ x f u G &f ef t}urd }f urd zf t d m;ay;t=uyfuikd cf o hJ nf? 32? rdxv DW mòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? Adkvfrª;armifarmifjrifh (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) Adv k rf ; armifarmifjrifh (t+ird ;f pm;) onf rdwv D mòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (33 664) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (59 ² 11) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;bwif/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1929 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (22) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? &efukefòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? Adkvfr ;armifarmifjrifh (t+idrf;pm;) onf òrd r trsK;d om;ausmif;rSq,fwef; atmifjrifc+hJ y;D 1958 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek af q;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@JG &&Scd hJ onf? 1959 ckEpS rf S 1963 ckEpS t f xd aq;r ;/ c&pf,mefaq;±H/k =unfjh rifwidk /f 1963 ckEpS w f iG f jynfo@l ppfr_

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c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfjcif; a'gufwmarmifarmifjrifh touf (74) ESpf (Adkvfrª;/ t+idrf;pm;) (rdw Dvm) rdwv D mòr d / 0efZif;(1)/ OwW&vrf;ae a':ararat;. cifyeG ;f / OD;armfxifjrif-h a':pd;k pd;k atmif/ OD;ausmfvif;-r*|dKif;at;rmjrifh/ OD;rsKd;xifjrifh-a':py,fOD;wdk@. arG;ozcif/ at;csrf;jrifh/ okudkvif;/ ZifZifrsK;d OD;/ Zifuv kd if;/ a';Apfa,moyf/ &JxufO;D / tufpw f mwd@k . tbd;k onf txufygaetdrYf (223-2003) &uf rGe;f vGJ (2) em&DwiG f c&pfawmfYtdyaf ysmo f mG ;ygI (23-3-2003) &uf nae (4) em&DwiG f jrifawmfuef c&pf,mefocsKõ if;Y oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfyga=umif;? usef&pfolrdom;pk 33? rdw Dvmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmodef;vGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mode;f vGio f nf rdwv D mòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 913) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? rdwv D mòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;uH&if/ trd a':trmwd@k rS 1949 ckEpS /f arv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f mode;f vGio f nf 1979 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (1) &efuek rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? rdwv D mòr d wGiu f , kd yf ikd af q;ukcef;zGio hf nf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f a':cs,&f ED iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? a'guw f mode;f vGi. f Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm; twGuf 2005 ckEpS /f {+yv D (26) &ufae@wiG f om;jzpfoal rmifpnfot l m; tm%mydik rf sm;rS vdik pf ifrhJ qdik u f ,fp;D r_jzifh axmif'%f (4) v jypf'%fcsrw S cf o hJ nf? 34? rE Wav;taemufawmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmpdk;vif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mpd;k vif;onf rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pD tzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (26 467) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (81 ² 91) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rE aW v;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;az/ trd a':tke;f pdew f @dk rS 1953 ckESpf/ arv (1) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmpdk;vif;onf 1960 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd aròr d pde@f ar&Dausmif;/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v;òr d tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (2)

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wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJh onf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f rE aW v;òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (24) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;aq;wuUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufI 1979 ckEpS w f iG q f &m0ef (trfbb D t D ufp)f bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd af q;ukocef; zGiv hf pS x f m;onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif q&m0eftoif; (rE aW v;) wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@wiG f tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;. av;pk&yfuu G /f &Sr;f a*gi;f &yf/ tr&yl&aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;ok@d wufa&mufcI hJ wufºuGpmG OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;cJo h nf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufvmonfh wdik ;f ESijhf ynfe,ftoD;oD;rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f rsm; aexdik pf m;aomufomG ;vma&;ESihf ,if;tpnf;ta0; xajrmufatmifjrifa&;wk@d ukd OD;aqmifppD OfchJ ojzifh oufqidk &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;twGuf a'guw f mpd;k vif;onf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya' (11) (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuv f u dk af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (988) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? aemifðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f rwfv (9) &ufae@wiG f a'guw f m pd;k vif;rSO;D aqmifI =uzhH @HG rsm;/ tm%mydik rf sm;ESiphf pfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS +crd ;f ajcmuft=uyfuikd jf cif;/ tcGihf ta&;ay;jcif;ponfh enf;vrf;rsK;d pHjk zifah c:,lxm;ol (400) cef@jzifh rE aW v;òr d / qifjzLuef&dS uaemifcef;r wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm; tzG@J csKyfrS Ekwx f u G yf v JG yk af qmifco hJ jzifh tm%mydik rf sm;xHrS q,fvv l mzke;f / opfygrpf/ bdvyfajrygrpf/ bD,ma&mif;csciG yhf grpfrsm; &&Scd o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f ZGev f wGif ykord }f u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;pHvaS bmf (rE aW v;wdik ;f tzG@J csKyf OuUÏa[mif;) .aetdro f @kd oGm;a&muf+yD; Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@J òzd;a&;aumifprD S 2006 ckEpS x f w J iG f trsK;d om;nDvmcHut kd +y;D owfI a&G;aumufyt JG opfusi;f yrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'frmS ysujf y,fomG ;+yjD zpfI tzG@J csKyfróS uw d ifEw k x f u G o f ifah =umif;/ xdo k @kd Ekwx f u G rf nf qdyk gu ,if;uJo h @kd cpH m;cGirhf sm;&rSmjzpfa=umif; ajymqdpk nf;¶H;k cJo h nft h jyif v,fa0;òrd e,frq J ENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;wifxÉG Of ;D rSm 2004 ckEpS /f ZGev f (21) &ufae@u E_wx f u G pf mwif+y;D jzpfa=umif; vdrv f nfpnf;¶H;k cJo h nf? ZeD;rSm a':xdyw f ifE, G f (A[dw k &m;¶H;k a&S ae) jzpfonf?

1975 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;ESihf 1976 ckEpS /f r_id ;f &mjynft h a&;tcif;wk@d wiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS (f 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif a&S aersm;toif;wGif wufwufºuºG uG yg0ifchJ onf? rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef ,lco hJ nf? OD;ode;f OD;onf pifòyid t f pk;d &zG@pJ nf;a&;/ awmwGi;f ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;a&;wk@d EiS yhf wfoufI 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmvESiahf tmufwb dk mvtwGi;f rE aW v;òr d Y v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;ðyvky&f mwGif yg0ifchJ onf? oufqdkif&muta&;,lI&efpDpOfaepOf a&Smifwdrf;oGm;I w&m;cHajy;tjzpf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbm v (17) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS tzG@J csKyfwiG f ,lxm;onfw h m0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 755§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwðf yxm;jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? 1990 jynfh ESp/f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & pwifz@JG pnf;onft h cg/ w&m;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? aomif;use;f olEiS q hf ufo, G jf cif;/ aomif;use;f ol e,fajr rme,fyavmok@d omG ;a&muf+y;D pifòyid t f pk;d &zG@J pnf;vsuf Ekid if aH wmfuadk xmifxm;jcm;em;jcif;wd@k a=umifh OD;ode;f OD;tm; a&G;aumufwifajr mufc&H oltjzpfrS ysujf y,fojzifh v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f tjzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (903) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? jrefrmEdik if aH &Sa ersm; aumifpD wGif OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f rwfv (23) &ufae@ tar&duefEikd if /H 0g&iS w f efòr d awmfwiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onft h csed t f xd 0ef}uD;wm0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ nf?

35? rE Wav;taemufawmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;odef;OD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f OD;onf rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (29 741) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rE aW v;òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':vSòrid w f @dk rS 1955 ckEpS /f arv (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ode;f OD;onf &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S 0dZm (Oya') bG@J EiS hf Oya'0dZm bJ@G w@dk ukd 1977-78 ckEpS w f iG &f &Scd o hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f txufwef;a&S ae/ 1981 ckEpS w f iG f A[dw k &m;±H;k a&S ae/ wuUov kd af usmif;om;b0wGif 1974 ckEpS /f OD;oef@ta&;tcif;/

36? rE Wav;taemufajrmufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifatmifatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf rE aW v;taemufajrmufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (29 443) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80 ² 38) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1943 ckEpS /f ZGev f (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? OD;vS&if.om; jzpfonf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov kd rf S B.E. (Automobile) bJ@G &&Scd hJ onf? 1969 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd uke;f vrf;yd@k aqmifa&;aumfyakd &;&Si;f / vufaxmuftif*sief , D m/ tr_aqmiftif*sief , D m/ 1988 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (7) &ufae@wiG t f +idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG u f si;f yðyvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&muf yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJo h jzifh oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;aemuf OD;wifatmifatmiftm; jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf (11) (n) ESihf +idpeG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (991) jzifh xkwjf yef a=unmcJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f Ed0k ifbmvwGif axmif'%f (25) ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@nwGif jzpfysucf o hJ nfh tm%mydik rf sm;ud, k w f ikd f yg0ifywfouf pDpOfusL;vGecf o hJ nfh 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D twGi;f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ +y;D 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (16) &ufae@wiG f uav;tusO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 37? rE Wav;taemufajrmufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifpdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;atmifp;kd onf rE aW v;taemufajrmufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 576) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 91) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rE aW v;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bausm/h trd a':apma&$w@dk rS 29-5-1949 ckEpS /f arv (29) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifp;dk onf 1975 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v; 0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S odyH` (±lyaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? OD;atmifp;kd onf 1976 ckEpS w f iG f a':0if;ESiv hf ufxyfI orD;oH;k a,mufxeG ;f um;onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyu f ikd o f nf?

vufoif=um;cJo h nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm *k%x f ;l bG@J ukd Edik if aH &;odyyH` nm/ pD;yGm;a&;ynm/ jynfo@l tyk cf sKyf a&;ynmwd@k jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f r[m0dZm bG@J ukd Edik if w H umzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccH Oya'rsm;ESihf trsm;jynfoq l ikd &f m Edik if w H umw&m;Oya'bmom&yfrsm;tjyif Edik if w H umEdik if aH &;ynm/ Edik if w H umqufqaH &;ynm/ Edik if w H umtpnf;t¶H;k rsm;ynm&yfw@kd jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1977-78 ckEpS rf sm;wGif e,l;a'vDòr d / *s0g[mae¶l;wuUov kd /f Edik if w H uma&;&modyH` (ta&S awmif/ awmifyikd ;f ESihf tv,fyikd ;f tm&SXme) wGif Ph. D. (yg&*l) bG@J twGuf okawoeðy&if; jrefrmEdik if . H Edik if aH &;/ vlra_ &;/ pD;yGm;a&;udprP sm;udk tjcm;ta&S awmiftm&SEikd if rH sm;ESihf ,SOw f aJG vhvmcJo h nf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyrf S tem;,lI jrefrmEdik if o H @dk t+y;D jyefvmcJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfykH }u;D wGif rdom;pkvu kd yf g0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifz@JG pnf;pOfuyif tzG@J 0ifwOD; tjzpfyg0ifco hJ nf? Edik if w H umzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'rsm;avhvma&;tzG@J i,fwiG f yg0ifc+hJ y;D / *syef Edik if zH @JG pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'udk jrefrmbmomod@k jyefqakd &;om;cJo h nf? ZeD;jzpfol a':wifw h ifh OD;pD; vkyu f ikd o f nfh jrefrmzdeyfvyk if ef;wGif yg0ifun l v D yk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1418) jzifh jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS E_wx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1418) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 4 &uf)

38? rE Wav;ta&S awmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wif!Gef@ (c) OD;xifausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? trnf OD;xifausmf tjcm;trnf OD;wif!eG @f (i,femrnf) trsK;d om;rSwyf w kH iftrSwf MTLA 000851 ynmt&nftcsif; B.A. (Hons.) 0dZ m*k%fxl;/ EdkifiHa&;ody`H a'vDwuUodkvf/ e,l;a'vDòrd / tdENd,EdkifiH? M.A. (Political Science) r[m0dZm (Edik if aH &;ody)H` a'vDwuUov kd /f e,l;a'vDòrd / tdE, dN Edik if ?H tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftrSwf (2440256) arG;ouU&mZf 1937 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (5) &uf OD;wif!eG @f (c) OD;xifausmo f nf rE aW v;ta&S awmifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (29 642) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80 ² 30) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':at;ºu, G w f @kd rS 1937 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? 1956 ckEpS w f iG f rdwv D mòr d rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifchJ onf? xdpk Ofu tdE, dN Edik if /H e,l;a'vDòr d &Sd jrefrmoH¶;kH wGif ¶H;k tky}f u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh a,mufz OD;0if;armif/ tr a':cifoef;wd@k xaH &muf&cdS +hJ y;D a'vDwuUov kd w f iG f qufvufynmoif=um;cJh onf? 1959 ckEpS w f iG f OD;0if;armif/ a':cifoef;wd@k ro d m;pk jrefrmEdik if o H @kd jyefomG ;onft h cg tdE, dN toH v$iXhf me/ jrefrmydik ;f tpDtpOfwiG f bmomjyefo/l toHvi$ o hf wif;zwfot l jzpf tr_xrf;&if; ynmquf

1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rE aW v;wdik ;f rE aW v; ta&S awmifòr d e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;wif!eG @f (c) OD;xifausmu f rdro d nf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf. Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&u G &f ef qENr&Sad wmhygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;. qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;wif!eG @f (c) OD;xifausm. f wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G; aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;wif!eG @f (c) OD;xifausmt f m; ,ae@rpS I rE aW v; ta&S awmifòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

250

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? OD;wif!eG @f (c) OD;xifausmt f m; rE aW v;wdik ;f rE aW v;ta&S awmifòr e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª; 39? rE Wav;ta&S awmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;tkef;óuif (atmif0ifh)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f óuid f (atmif0if)h onf rE aW v;ta&S awmifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (32 718) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? armfvòrid u f |e;f òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&Si/f trd a':pdef w f @dk rS 1944 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;tke;f óuid f (atmif0if)h onf 1967 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bJ@G / 1972 ckEpS w f iG f owif;pmynm'Dyvkrd m/ 1978-79 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duefjynfaxmifpo k @dk ynmoifqjk zifo h mG ;a&mufI owif;pmynm'Dyvkrd m&&Scd o hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd a=u;rHk owif;pm/ [Hom0wDowif;pm (rE aW v;)/ Adv k w f axmif owif;pmwk@d wiG f vufaxmuft,f'w D mESihf t,f'w D m/ 1962-63 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f vrfpOfowif;/ Adv k w f axmifowif;pmESihf ±ky&f iS af tmifvw H @kd wiG f armifcspzf , G /f atmif0if/h atmifwifu h avmiftrnf wd@k jzifh Edik if w H uma&;&maqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? owif;pmt,f'w D mtjzpfvyk u f ikd af e&if; 1350 jynfEh pS /f jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGiyf g0ifcrhJ a_ =umifh Adv k w f axmifowif;pmt,f'w D mtjzpfrS 1988 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvwGif Adv k w f axmifowif;pmt,f'w D mtjzpfrS t+idr;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dOk ;D pD;tzG@J 0ifEiS hf rE aW v;wkid ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDtzG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? tzG@J csKyfrS xkwaf 0onfrh w S w f rf;v$mtzG@J wiG f wm0efct H ,f'w D mwOD;jzpfonf? e0w. trde@f trSwf (1§90) tm; qef@usirf j_ zifh oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;tke;f óuid o f nf 1950 jy!hEf pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya' yk'rf (5) (u) (c) (n) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f a=unmonf? aemifwiG f ðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Yyg0if ,SOòf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf;ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ +y;D a&=unftikd pf pfaxmufvrS ;f a&;ppfa=uma&;pcef;rSwqifh atmufwkd bmvwGif tif;pdeAf [dt k usO;f axmifo@kd ajymif;a&$@xed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? xd@k aemuf jypf'%f (17) ESpf csrw S cf cH &hJ +y;D tif;pdeAf [dt k usO;f axmifEiS ahf wmifial xmifw@kd wiG f (14) ESpaf usm=f umaecJ&h +y;D 2005 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&Dv (3) &ufae@wGif awmifiltusOf;axmifrSjyefvnf vGwfajrmufcJhonf? yxrtr_rSm trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ A[dOk ;D pD;tzG@J 0ifEiS hf rE aW v;wdik ;f pnf;aumfrwD0ifrsm;jzpf=uonfh rH&k mG OD;wifa&$/ OD;ode;f wefw@kd EiS t hf r_wjJG zpf+y;D / 1990 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f (8)&ufae@wiG f rE aW v;òr d Y txuf Armjynf ausmif;om;or*~EiS hf oHCmhor*~tzG@J w@kd y;l aygi;f I &Spaf v;vH;k (2) ESpaf jrmufae@ txdr;f trSwf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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tjzpf oHCmawmfrsm;tm; qGr;f avmif;vªyu JG si;f yðyvkycf &hJ m ppfwyfryS pfcwfco hJ jzifh oHCmawmftcsK d ESihf ausmif;om;vli,ftcsK d '%f&m&&Scd +hJ y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onfukd xdpk Ofu rE aW v;wdik ;f rª;jzpfol xHpma&;om;ay;yd@k I pHpk rf;ta&;,lrð_ yvky+f y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;olrsm;tm; tjrefq;kH jyefvw $ af y;&ef awmif;qdck o hJ nfjh yif tqdyk gpmtm;rdwLW ul;Itrsm;jynfox l jH zef@cscd rhJ j_ zifh axmif'%f (7) ESpcf srw S jf cif; cHc&hJ onf? 'kw, d tr_rmS *ENaD =unmcsux f w k jf yefcrhJ j_ zpfonf? OD;=unfarmiftygt0if rH&k mG OD;wifa&$/ OD;ode;f wef/ OD;csr;f at;/ Adou k mOD;ausmrf if;/ armif0o H / OD;wifxÉG pf onfh A[dOk ;D pD;tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tzG@J csKyf A[dv k il ,frsm;jzpf=uonfh udjk rifph ;kd / ud0k if;vdi_ /f udrk ;kd aZmfO;D wd@k rmS if;.tr_wrJG sm;jzpf=uonf? tqdyk g tr_jzifh axmif'%f (10) ESpf csrw S cf cH &hJ jcif;jzpfonf? 2005 ckEpS /f ESpq f ef;wGif axmif'%fcsrw S jf cif; cHxm;&mrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf? 40? rE Wav;ta&S ajrmufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifarmifat;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifat;onf rE aW v;ta&S ajrmuòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 100) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (83 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rE aW v;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSaiG/ trd a':trmwd@k rS 1956 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (27) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;armifarmifat;onf 1979 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESihf odyw H` uUov kd rf S odyH` (ocsmF ) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1983 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yJaG tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? rE aW v;ta&S ajrmufòr d e,f/ uOPer[D&yfuu G f tzG@J csKyfOuUÏ/ rE aW v;ta&S ajrmufòr d e,f tzG@J csKyfpnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDtzG@J 0if/ rE aW v;wdik ;f tzG@J csKyf ukeo f , G pf ;D yGm;tzG@J 0if/ OD;armifarmifat;onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f (8) &ufae@wiG f rE aW v;òrd Y jzpfymG ;cJo h nfu h pd t P ay: tzG@J csKyfrE aW v;wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0if rH&k mG OD;wifa&$EiS t hf zG@J u rE aW v;wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD¶;kH wGif tpnf;ta0;ðyvky+f y;D / rE aW v;wdik ;f +ird 0f yfyd jym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUÏxH uef@uu G pf ma&;om;ay;yd@k c&hJ m/ tqdyk gpmudk OD;armifarmifat;ESihf tzG@J u trsm;jynfozl wf¶&_ ef a=umfjimoifyek ;f wGiu f yfco hJ jzifh oufqidk &f mu ta&;,l&efppD OfaepOf wdr;f a&SmifomG ;I w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcHxm;&onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f ,lxm;onfw h m0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 758§pnf;§90 trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwðf yxm;jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? OD;armif armifat;onf pifòyid t f pk;d &zJ@G +y;D Ekid if aH wmfuykd ek u f ef&ef Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufuikd af wmfveS yf ek u f ef aeaom aomif;use;f oltzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo, G yf ;l aygi;f aqmif&u G o f nf@twGuf v$waf wmfu, dk pf m; vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (21) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D (25) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyifqifw;kd cs J zG@J pnf;onft h cg ukeo f , G af &;ESihf or0g,r0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D jzpfvmcJo h nf? 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (21) &ufae@wiG f qG'D ifEikd if /H AGerf m;pApfY jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onft h cg

252

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f rwfv (23) &ufae@ tar&duefEikd if /H 0g&iS w f efòr d awmfwiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onft h csed f txd 0ef}u;D wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? ,ck =opa=w;vsEidk if w H iG af exkid o f nf?

ausmif;tky}f uD; ('kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }uD;)/ aemifwiG f A[dEk ikd if aH &;wuUov kd Yf ausmif;tky}f uD;tjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD A[dak umfrwD0if/ 1977 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f wGif ygww D m0ef ¶kyo f rd ;f jcif;cH&+yD;aemuf wyfrawmfrS 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }uD;tqifjh zifh t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wyfr;ª a[mif;/ &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G (aemifwiG f rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G ) wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfpwifz@JG pnf;pOfuyif yg0if cJ+h y;D / rE aW v;wdik ;f / pnf;¶H;k a&;wm0efcw H OD;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS /f (23) }urd af jrmuf ukv or*~nv D mcHo@kd jrefrmud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG v f nf; xyfrI H ukv or*~nv D mcHo@kd wufa&mufco hJ nf? *syefEiS +hf Aw d ed Ef idk if rH sm;od@k vnf; 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1985 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duefEikd if &H o dS m;jzpfo. l zdwaf c:csut f & oGm;a&mufvnfywfco hJ nf? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHxm; &&mrS 1992 ckEpS /f {+yv D (26) &ufae wiG t f if;pdeaf xmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 1994 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (2) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

41? rE Wav;ta&S ajrmufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifat; (t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) (1) trnf OD;wifat; (2) arG;ouU&mZf 1925 ck/ {+yDv 11 &uf (3) trsKd;om;rSwfyHkwiftrSwf ISN - 448361 Edik if o H m;vufrw S f 12§ur&/ Edkif - 011598 (4) vlrsKd;§bmom jrefrm - Ak'<bmom (5) ynmt&nftcsi;f Oypmwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? wyfrawmfjyef=um;a&; 'Dyvdrk m/ pdw"f mwf ppfqifa&; 'Dyvdkrm (tar&duef) (6) rdbtrnf OD;+idr;f - a':ndKr,f (7) rJpm&if;0if &yf§aus; trnfESifhtrSwf rE Wav;ta&S ajrmufòrd e,f/ &efrsKd;vHk&yfuGuf rJpm&if;trSwpf Of 359 (8) t+rJwef;ae&yfvdyfpm 52 (bD) tif;,m;vrf;/ urm&Gwfòrd e,f/ &efukef? OD;wifat;onf rE aW v;ta&S ajrmufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 547) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 69) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rE Wav;ta&S ajrmufòrd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) twGif;&Sd &yfuu G rf sm;rSm arm&*D0g/ &efrsK;d vH/k ywfuek ;f aysmb f , G /f jynf}u;D rsurf eS /f pdw&W r[D/ ywfuek ;f 0ef;usi/f jynf}u;D rsu&f iS Ef iS hf r[maZ,sbw kH @kd jzpf onf? aygi;f wnfòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;+ird ;f / trd a':ndKr,f wd@k rS 1925 ckEpS /f {+yv D (11) &ufae@wiG f jynfc¶dik /f aygi;f wnfòr d wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifat;onf Oypmwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1300 jynfEh pS t f a&;awmfyw kH iG f ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmifwOD; jzpf+y;D / ausmif;om;oydwrf sm;wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfz@GJ 0if jzpfonf? 1942 ckEpS /f 'kw, d urBmppf}u;D jzpfcsed w f iG f Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t) wyfz@JG &mwGif yg0ifco hJ nf? rv_id òf r d e,f/ tm&Svil ,ftpnf;t±H;k 0ifjzpfonf? zufqpf*syefawmfveS af &;wGif aemufwef;acgi;f aqmif/ vGwv f yf a&;armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &&Scd o hJ nf? 1946 ckEpS /f vGwv f yfa&;tóuu d mvwGif tr_xrf;aygi;f pko H ydwf wku d yf w GJ iG f txufjrefrmjynfacgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfonf? &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f ya'o&mZfqef@usiaf &;twGuf &Sr;f atmifv H owif;pmudk }uD;=uyfxw k af 0cJo h nf? 1951 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfo@dk 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd t f rSwf (=unf;- 6392) jzpfonf? w±kwjf zLusL;ausmrf p_ pfqifa&;wGif yg0ifonf? ,if;aemuf umuG,af &;0ef}u;D ±H;k pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;Xme okawoet&m&SEd iS hf oifwef;enf;jytjzpf wm0ef,cl hJ onf? 1958-59 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duefjynfaxmifpo k @kd ynmawmfoiftjzpfomG ;a&mufco hJ nf? 1962 ckEpS /f awmfveS af &;tpk;d &wuf+y;D aemuf A[dEk ikd if aH &;odyaH` usmif;wGif odyeH` nf;jy (Akv d rf ;ª )/ vufaxmuf

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OD;wifat; A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvfausmif;tkyf}uD; (t+idrf;pm;) touf (70) &efuek òrf d / tif;vsm;vrf;/ trSwf 52 (bD) ae (OD;+ird ;f -a':ndKr,f) wd@k . om;}u;D / a': jroD. cifyeG ;f / OD;rif;[ef - (a':&if&if) 'k-!¸erf ;ª (+ird ;f ) or0g,rOD;pD;Xme/ OD;zke;f jrifh t}u;D wef;blrad A't&m&Sd (+ird ;f ) b"& - a':axG;pde/f OD;at;=unf vufaxmuf!e¸ rf ;ª (+ird ;f )/ a'oE &W pufrO_ ;D pD;Xme/ trSwf (1) pufr_ - a':cifv0S if;/ a':!Ge@f &D pm;§axG (ukeo f , G af &;) wd@k . tud}k u;D OD;wifat;onf 2-1-94 &uf we*FaEGae@ nae (6 ; 15) em&Dtcsed w f iG f (96) yg;aoma&m*gjzifh &efuek jf ynfo@l aq;¶H}k u;D wGif uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygojzifh (4-1-94) &ufae@ nae (4) em&Dtcsed w f iG f =uHawmtat;wdu k rf S =uHawm okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D oò* [ õ rf nf jzpfygonf? usef&pfolarmifESrwpk 42? jrif;jcHòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;aygcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aygcifonf jrif;jcòH r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (42 015) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrif;jcòH r d e,f/ a*gi;f uG&J mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;axG;/ trd a':oufòrid w f @dk rS 1947 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;aygcifonf aròr d pde@f tv J Awftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ jrif;jcòH r d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1975 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f pufrw _ uUov kd rf S òr d jytif*sief , D mbJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ukeo f nfvyk if ef;jzifh toufarG;onf? pufrw _ uUov kd f vufa&G;pOfabmfv;kH orm;/ 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':&D&OD ;D ESiv hf ufxyfco hJ nf? jrif;jcHòrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f b¾ma&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@nwGif jzpfyGm;cJo h nfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkifyg0ifywfouf pDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf=uHwdkufcdkuf

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

owfjzwfr}_ u;D twGi;f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ +y;D 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (16) &ufae@wiG f uav;tusO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

45? jrpfom;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmrsKd;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mrsK;d jrifo h nf jrpfom;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (18 129) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (60 ² 96) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrpfom;òr d e,f/ ulrZJ mwdjzpfonf? tz OD;!Ge@f armif/ trd a':pef;wd@k rS 1954 ckEpS /f {+yv D (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? OD;rsK;d jrifo h nf 1981 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;aq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0ef bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? aq;wuUov kd rf E aW v;wGif vrf;f pOfvil ,f/ ulrw J iG f t&efygw0D if/ ausmif;+yD;onfEiS hf aetdrw f iG f aq;cef;zGio hf nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? jrpfom;òr d e,f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (16) &ufae wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrES w _ x f u G af =umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf (1271) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf?

43? jrif;jcHòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmif0if; (c) OD;0if;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmif0if; (c) OD;0if;armifonf jrif;jcòH r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (39 088) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrif;jcHòrd e,f/ anmifyif&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':ode;f wd@k rS 1948 ckEpS /f {+yv D (19) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;armifarmif0if; (c) OD;0if;armifonf rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd I hJ &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd w f iG f r[m0dZm bJ@G ukd tydik ;f (u) txdoif,cl o hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f a':qef;,OfEiS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyo f nf? jrif;jcòH r d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 44? jrpfom;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a':tkef;=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':tke;f =unfonf jrpfom;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (20 903) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70²11) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? EGm;xk;d }uD;òrd e,f/ urf;em;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;yk/ trd a':oef;wifw@dk rS 1952 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&D v (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? i,femrnf rvSaX; (ac: ) a':tke;f =unfonf awmif}u;D aumvdyrf S 1969-70 ckEpS w f iG f "mwkt"du,lI 1973 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;wuUov kd rf S odyH` ("mwkaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd pma&;0efxrf; (jrpfom;òr d )/ 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGaJ tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f OD;!Ge@f wifEiS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? ausmif;om;b0u toH;k vH;k vkyt f m; ay;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? a&S aetjzpfvu dk yf gtoufarG;onf? jrpfom;òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f pnf;¶Hk;a&;r ;wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':tkef;=unfonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;a0;od@k wufa&mufcI hJ oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xdeo f rd ;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? xdak emuf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya'yk'rf (11) (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (6) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (996) jzifh a=unmonf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (4) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

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46? &rnf;oif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;armifarmifjrifo h nf &rnf;oif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 049) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (46 ² 94) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? &rnf;oif;òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifwif/ trd a':wif!e$ @f w@kd rS 1942 ckEpS /f arv (3) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;armifarmifjrifo h nf '\rwef;txd ynmoif=um; cJI h vlra_ &;ESib hf moma&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ZeD;a':0if;=unfEiS hf om;orD; (6) OD;xGe;f um;onf? yHEk ydS pf ufEiS q hf efpufvyk if ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD kd ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? &rnf;oif;òrd e,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd e,f b¾a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? OD;armifarmifjrifo h nf 1961 ckEpS /f jypfru _ sL;vGew f wforl sm;ajccsKyfEiS hf cH0eftufOya' yk'rf (5) yk'rf cJG (1) (p) (q) ESihf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf (290) wk@d jzifh jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) (Ë) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f tjzpfryS ,fzsuv f u kd f a=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe 0g&v D (9) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS /f rwfv (5) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf? 47? &rnf;oif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifoef;onf &rnf;oif;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 082) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (41 ² 24) jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? ompnfòrd Zmwd jzpfonf? 1950 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (31) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;pde. f om; jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifoef;onf rE aW v;òr d / pde@f aZAD;,m; tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;udk (c) tqifjh zifah tmifjrifc+hJ yD;aemuf/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmf (av) ok@d 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd ajrjyiftwwfoif avwyfpcef; (rdwv D m)/

256

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(502) avwyfpcef;/ r*Fvm'H/k wyfrawmfavwGi&f pdS Of q,fwef;udk (u) tqifjh zifh ajzqkad tmifjrifchJ onf? 1983 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lc+hJ y;D rdbvufiw k u f , kd yf idk v f yk if ef;tvkyu f kd vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf?

if;Ekwx f u G &f jcif;ta=umif;udk &Si;f jycJo h nf[k 1999 ckEpS /f rwfv (13) &ufae@xw k f etz owif;pm rsm;wGif atmufygtwkid ;f azmfjycJo h nf?

48? v,fa0;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifxGÉfOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxÉfO;D onf v,fa0;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (22 887) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (53 ² 97) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rE aW v;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ud}k u;D / trd a':cif+ird ;f +ird ;f wd@k rS 1963 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (27) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifxÉG Of ;D onf 1983 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESihf odyH` wuUov dk rf S ody(H` ±lyaA')bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ausmif;+y;D onfah emuf rdb. jrefrm@aq;ud, k pf m;vS,v f yk if ef;udk vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@nwGif jzpfysucf o hJ nfh tm%mydik rf sm;ud, k w f ikd f yg0if ywfoufppD OfusL;vGecf o hJ nfh 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uHwu kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ uD;twGi;f arv (30) &ufae@wnvH;k v,fuiG ;f rsm;xJwiG f yke;f atmif;aecJ&h mrS aemufwae@ arv (31) &ufae@ eHeuf (6) em&Dcef@tcsed w f iG f tjcm;twlyek ;f atmif;aecJo h l (23) OD;ESit hf wl um;vrf;ay:od@k twufwiG f a&$bckd ¶dik f OuUÏ 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D oef;[efEiS hf wdik ;f &Jr;ª }u;D wd@k rS aoewfo;kH csuyf pfazmufI vufjyefusK;d wkwzf rf;qD; +y;D / c¶dik Of uUÏrS qJq}kd urd ;f armif;onf? xd@k aemuf 'Dy, J if;&Jpcef;tcsKyfwiG f eHeuf (7) em&DrS nae (3) em&Dtxd csKyfaESmifxm;I xdrk w S qifh a&$bakd xmifo@kd ajymif;a&$ xde;f odr;f cJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&D v (16) &ufae@wiG f a&$bt kd usO;f axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? axmifrv S w G v f m+y;D aemuf OD;wifxÉG Of ;D ESihf rdom;pkaexkid &f m tk;d tdrOf ;D pD;Xmeykid af etdrrf S 2005 ckEpS /f {+yv D (8) &ufae@ aemufq;kH xm;I ajymif;a&$ &ef xyfrzH t d m;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ ojzifh z,f&mS ;ay;cJ&h onf?

v,fa0;òr e,f tJeft,fvf'DOuUÏ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;nDnDxGef;ESifh òr e,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tvkyftr_aqmifrsm;ESifh ygwD0ifrsm;EkwfxGuf &efukef rwf 6 (1999) rE Wav;wdkif; v,fa0;òrd e,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS òrd e,ftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzG@J csKyfOuUÏ ESihf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;nDnx D eG ;f tygt0if tvkyf tr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf ygw0D if (205) OD;wd@k onf azazmf0g&D (25) &ufwiG f ygw0D iftjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf hJ a=umif;od&onf? rE aW v;wdik ;f v,fa0;òrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;nDnx D eG ;f tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf ygw0D if (205) OD;wd@k onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. ygwED ikd if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&u G &f ef qENr&Sad wmh ojzifh rdrw d @kd .qENtavsmuf ygw0D iftjzpfrES w k x f u G af =umif; v,fa0;òr d e,f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zG@J EiS hf oufqikd &f mEdik if aH &;ygwo D @kd ta=umif;=um;pmrsm; ay;yd@k chJ a=umif;/ 1999 ckEpS f azazmf0g&v D (27) &ufwiG f v,fa0;òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS wm0ef&dS olrsm;ud, k w f ikd f ygwt D vH/ ygww D q H yd w f ;kH rsm;ESihf pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;udk òr d e,fygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zG@J o@kd tyfEaHS =umif;owif;&&So d nf? (owif;pOf)

49? v,fa0;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;nDnDxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;nDnx D eG ;f onf v,fa0;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 457) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 95) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &rnf;oif;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jrwfomxGe;f / trd a':apmav;wd@k rS 1935 ckEpS /f arv (22) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;nDnx D eG ;f onf 1952 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifI &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG f Oypm0dZm (c) txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1958 ckEpS w f iG f v,fa0;òr d e,f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk (y-r-n-w) OuUÏ/ 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f y-r-n-w òr d e,ftrwfavmif;/ 1963 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD qdik w f m0efc/H awmifol v,form; aumifpt D wGi;f a&;r ;/ 1982 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd òrd e,for0g,r refae*sm/ 1350 jynf(h 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGaJ tmif jrifco hJ nf? v,fa0;òrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òrd e,fwm0efcH wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f rwfv (12) &ufae@u v,fa0;òr d e,f/ om,muke;f aus;&GmwGiðf yvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm; EkwfxGufv$may;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;wGif OD;nDnDxGef;udk,fwdkifwufa&mufI

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50? 0rf;wGif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmaomif;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f maomif;wifonf 0rf;wGi;f òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (26 616) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 63) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? yGijhf zLòr d e,f/ a&Smufawmaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ trd a':cifw@kd rS 1949 ckEpS /f ZGev f (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;aomif;wifonf 1975 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (1) &efuek rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS t f xd wm0efcq H &m0ef bk&m;pkaus;&Gm/ or0g,rvlra_ &;aq;ay;cef;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 51? 0rf;wGif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSatmifonf 0rf;wGi;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (29 802) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 99) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 0rf;wGi;f òr d e,f/ jynfawmf&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':at; =unfw@dk rS 1941 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;vSatmifonf 0dZm bJ@G / tjynfjynf qdik &f mqufo, G af &; ynma&;'Dyvkrd mwd@k ukd &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 1962 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1964 ckEpS w f @kd wiG f

258

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

vnf;aumif;/ 1962 ckEpS Ef iS fh 1970 jynfEh pS w f @kd wiG f armfpudEk idk if aH wmfwuUov kd rf S ±k&mS ;bmom'Dyvdrk mESihf pD;yGm;a&;yg&*lb@GJ w@dk uv kd nf;aumif; toD;oD;&&Scd o hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1977 ckEpS f txd okawoe t&m&SEd iS hf vufaxmufuxdu A[dEk ikd if aH &;wuUov kd ?f ,if;XmerS qENtavsmuf E_wx f u G +f y;D ZmwdwiG f ±d;k &mawmifov l yk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 0rf;wGi;f òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

1949 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;armifarmifav;onf 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S 0dZm (yx0D) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd yxr toif;pkr;ª or0g,rOD;pD;Xme (uavm/ ompnf)/ 1987-88 ckEpS w f iG f XmeOD;pD;/ or0g,r OD;pD;Xme (erfph rf)/ 1350 jynfEh pS (f 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (16) &ufae@wiG f 0efxrf;tjzpfrES w _ x f u G cf o hJ nf? ompnfòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

52? oydwfusif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;armf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armfonf oydwu f si;f òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 371) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 96) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1923 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (13) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? uef@bvlòr d e,f/ ZD;uke;f &GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;om*sr;f .om; jzpfonf? OD;armfonf 1938-39 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;oydwEf iS hf 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k 0if/ 1944 ckEpS w f iG f uGejf rLepfygw0D if/ 1946 ckEpS w f iG f tvHeu D eG jf rLepfygw0D if/ 1948 ckEpS w f iG f awmcku d m 1958 ckEpS w f iG f tvHeXD mecsKyfuo dk ydwaf rSmufI 1962 ckEpS w f iG f tvif;0ifco hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS w f iG f òr d e,fOuUÏ (q-p-w-u)/ 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f òr d e,for0g,rtoif; OuUÏ/ 1981 ckEpS w f iG f òr d e,f vkyif ef;ppfaq;a&;tzJ@G 0if/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0if onf? 1991 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (5) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (951) jzifh 1991 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (13) &ufae@wiG f xkwjf yef a=unmcJo h nf? 53? ompnfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odrf;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odr;f armifonf ompnfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (21 050) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (61 ² 02) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;pH=uL;/ trd a':vS@J w@dk rS 1943 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (13) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? ompnfòr d e,f/ [HZm;aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;ode;f armifonf 0dZm ('\edu) bJ@G ukd pmay;pm,l jzifh &efuek w f uUov kd rf S &&Scd o hJ nf? tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xk@d aemuf 1981 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd òrd e,fvkyfief;ppfaq;a&;tzJG@/ 1986 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDwm0efrS E_wfxGuf+yD; rdom;pkwEkid pf ;D yGm;a&; vkycf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 54? ompnfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmifav;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifav;onf ompnfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 179) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (57 ² 59) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ompnfòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;apmat;csK/d trd a':cif=unfw@dk rS

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55? tr&yl&òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f maZmfjrifah rmifonf tr&yl&òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (21 119) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 35) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1951 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (11) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;cspaf rmif/ trd a': jrifjh rifw h @kd .om; jzpfonf? a'guw f maZmfjrifah rmifonf 1979 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;aq;wuUov kd f rS q&m0efb@JG &&Scd o hJ nf? 1982-83 ckEpS w f iG f wm0efcq H &m0ef (rE aW v;wdik ;f ) ppfuikd ;f &Gmopf}u;D wdu k ef ,f aq;±H/k 1983 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ZD0/ "mwko±kyjf yq&m (rE aW v;aq;wuUov kd )f / aq;ynmr[m odyH` (ZD0"mwk) bJ@G veG o f ifwef; yxrESpu f kd 1985 ckEpS w f iG f atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS (f 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mvwGif &efuek o f @dk ajymif;a&$ cH&ojzifh E_wx f u G cf iG ahf wmif;cHc&hJ m 1988 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvwGif E_wx f u G cf iG &hf cJo h nf? ud, k yf idk f aq;ukcef;zGix hf m;onf? a'guw f m aZmfjrifah rmifonf 1990 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; vsK@d 0u S t f pnf;ta0;jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ae&mxkid cf if;pDpOfjcif;/ {nfch aH u|;arG; jcif;ESihf tpnf;ta0;wGif aqG;aEG;a[majymjcif;rsm; ðyvkycf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf±;kH wGiðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k & zJ@G pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k vnf; wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (1) &ufae@ wGif trmcH (Hard Core) (6) OD;twGuq f ufo, G rf E_ iS hf aexkid pf m;aomufrt _ ydik ;f udk wm0ef,v l yk af qmif &ef uwday;cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;bkv d S wif/h OD;0if;ud/k OD;vSaz/ OD;ode;f OD;wd@k awmwGi;f oGm;rnft h pDtpOfukd óuw d ifox d m;cJo h nf? OD;bkv d w S ifh awmwGi;f a&muf&adS ea=umif;udv k nf; ,if;.tquftoG,jf zifo h &d cdS I hJ oufqidk &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? a'guw f maZmfjrifah rmif;tm; jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif; cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf ydicf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f Ed0k ifbmvwGif axmif'%f (25) csrw S cf cH &hJ onf? ZeD;rSm a'guw f m a':,k,ak rjzpfonf?

260

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

56? tr&yl&òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;bbGm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;bbGm;onf tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (24 163) rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (68 ² 59) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1927 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (11) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? ocifAode;f .om; jzpf onf? ODbbGm;onf ocifAodef ;f ESit hf wl 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k / e,fcs J qef@usiaf &;/ zufqpfqef@usiaf &;/ zufqpfawmfveS af &;wku d yf w GJ @kd Y yg0ifco hJ nf? 1946 ckEpS /f wyfrawmfz@GJ csed f wyfrawmfwiG f wm0efxrf; aqmif+y;D / 1948 ckEpS /f vGwv f yfa&;&onft h cg wyfrawmfrx S u G cf o hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS w f iG f a&mifpo kH yl ek f rsm;vufrS tr&yl&òr d udk jyefvnford ;f ydu k w f u kd cf u dk &f mwGif yg0ifco hJ nf? zcifocifAode;f ygvrD eftwGi;f 0ef vkypf Of z-q-y-v tzJ@G csKyfwiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? &Sr;f a*gi;f &yf/ av;pk&yfuu G /f tr&yl&wGiaf eonf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u usi;f yðyvkyo f nfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;udk ,if;.aetdrw f iG ðf yvkycf iG ahf y;cJ+h y;D ud, k w f ikd t f qdyk gtpnf;ta0;od@k wufa&muf yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemufOD;bbGm;onf jypfr_ qdik &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJ Oya'yk'rf 11 (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyf rnfah &G;aumufyJG rsm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf kd ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (4) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrjS yef vGwo f nf?

(10) rGefjynfe,f?

a&G;aumufyGJESifhjynfol@v$wfawmf 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@u usi;f y+yD;pD;cJo h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH=u&onfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 2 (p) ESifh Edik if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGix f nfo h iG ;f a=unm+y;D onfw@kd t&/ w&m;0iftwnfjzpfaea=umif; qH;k jzwf onf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;.oufwrf;udk jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya'wGif owfrw S jf yÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Syd g? jynfo@l v$waf wmfw&yf.oufwrf;udk jynfo@l v$wf awmf ac:,lzGJ@pnf;+yD;rSomv#if jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. qHk;jzwfcsuft& owfrw S =f uygonf? ¡ 1997 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (27§28)&ufae@rsm;wGif usi;f ycJah om trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifonfh (9)ESpaf jrmuf ESpyf wfvnfae@tpnf;ta0;}uD;rS csrw S af om qH;k jzwf csufrsm;rS ² ² ² ¢

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261

ajrmufbufwiG f yJc;l wdik ;f / ta&S bufwiG f u&ifjynfe,f/ awmifbufwiG f weoFm&Dwikd ;f ESihf taemufbufwiG f rkwrW yifv,fjyifw@kd wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (14) 'D*&D (52) rdepfEiS hf (17) 'D*&D (32) rdepftwGi;f / ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (96) 'D*&D (51) rdepfEiS hf (98) 'D*&D (13) rdepftwGi;f wnf&dS onf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (4 748) us,0f ef;onf? jynfe,fòr d awmfrmS armfvòrid òf r d jzpfonf? rGejf ynfe,fwiG f òr d e,f (10) òr d e,f&dS rJqENe,f (20) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (16) ck tm; ud, k pf m;ðy,SOòf yid o f v l w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (94)OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f avmif; (1) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (95) OD; 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (16) ae&mESihf rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J rS (4) ae&m toD;oD;a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? 1? usKdufxdkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;&JxGÉf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;&JxÉG o f nf usKu d x f òdk r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 281) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 03) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;azcif.om;jzpfonf? 1922 ckEpS /f {+yv D (21) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? awmfveS af &; umvwGif Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t) wGiyf g0ifc+hJ y;D tm&Svil ,f +rw d cf ±kid f pnf;±H;k a&; wm0efc/H 1952 ckEpS w f iG f odyb H` @GJ &&Scd I hJ "mwkaA'enf;jyq&mESihf yif;,aqmif taqmifenf;jy/ 1953 ckEpS rf S 1954 ckEpS t f xd z-q-y-v tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H;k (wD,pl b D )D wGif a&eHEiS o hf wWKXme/ vuf

262

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

axmufXmewm0efc/H 1963 ckEpS w f iG f z-q-y-v weoFm&Dwidk ;f r ;/ 1969 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'bJ@G &&Scd I hJ 1971 ckEpS rf pS I w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S ae/ 1988 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[dOk ;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf rGejf ynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

wGif 1978-80/ 1980-82/ 1982-84 ckEpS rf sm;Y OuUÏ/ rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J A[dt k vkyt f r_ aqmiftzG@J 0if (wdik ;f &if;om;a&;&m Xmerª;)/ jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf rl0g' a&;&maumfrwDwiG f tzG@J 0if/ a&G;aumufy, JG OS òf ydib f uf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ud, k pf m;vS,f avmif; OD;wifaiGu a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f cJo h jzifh a&G;aumufycJG t kH zG@J (1) . =um;emppf aq;r_ukd cHc&hJ onf? OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edik cf ifarmif ¡ rGeaf usmif;em,utzG@J 0if/ rGe"f rRm¶Hw k nfaqmufa&; aumfrwD 'kw, d OuUÏ/ rGe"f rRm¶HEk iS rhf eG yf Éd uwfwu kd f xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&; em,utzG@J 0if/ rGepf mayESihf ,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD (&efuek )f .em,utzG@J 0if ¢ onf 2002 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@wiG f &efuek òf r d Y uG,v f eG o f nf?

2? usKdufxdkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmat;ZH/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mat;ZHonf usKd ufxòkd r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 988) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (78 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1954 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? OD;ausmZf . H om; jzpfonf? rk'òkH r d Zmwd jzpfonf? a'guw f mat;ZHonf rk'òkH r d / oDaygòr d ESihf oHjzLZ&yfòr d rsm;wGif tajccHynmoif,cl o hJ nf? 1979 ckEpS w f iG f aq;ynmbJ@G ukd r*Fvm'Hak q;wuUov kd f (2) rS&&Scd +hJ y;D rk'òkH r d wGif ud, k yf ikd af q;ukcef; zGiv hf pS v f yk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f {+yv D rSpI usKu d x f òdk r d od@k ajymif;a&$ aexkid +f y;D ud, k yf ikd af q;ukcef;zGiv hf pS v f yk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 3? usKdufra&mòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jriho f ed ;f onf usKd ufra&mòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (10 576) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (52 ² 96) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;atmif=unf.om; jzpfonf? 1947 ckESpfzGm; jzpfonf? ppfudkif;wdkif;/ ige;f ZGeòf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;jrifo h ed ;f onf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f pDymG ;a&;wuUov kd rf S 0g%Zd / 0dZm bG@J &&Scd +hJ y;D 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f or0g,r0ef}u;D XmeY tvky0f ifa&mufvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? oxk/H rwW&m/ qDqikd /f awmif }u;D / bkwvif/ qdyu f rf;/ &efuek f ±H;k csKyfEiS hf usKu d rf a&mòr d wk@d wiG f or0g,rOD;pD;Xme/ òr d e,fO;D pD;rª; wm0ef wk@d ukd xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG jf zpfymG ;onfh 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfymG ;t+y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ I Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? 4? usKdufra&mòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edkifcifarmif/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? (uG,fvGef) OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edik cf ifarmifonf usKu d rf a&mòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif rGet f rsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (11 528) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (41 ² 89) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz Edik v f eG ;f cdik /f trd rdjrcspw f @kd rS 1933 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (8) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edik cf ifarmifonf 1962 ckEpS w f iG f v#ypf pf"mwftm;ay;a&; tzG@J vufaxmuftif*sief , D m/ 1966 ckEpS w f iG f pufypPn;f }u;D =uyfa&;tzG@J Y tr_aqmift&m&S/d xd@k aemuf 'kw, d tr_aqmift&m&Scd sKyf/ 1972 ckEpS rf pS I A[dpk ufypPn;f pm&if;tif;ESihf ppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme 'kw, d !$e=f um;a&;rª;/ 1989 ckEpS /f rwfv (31) &ufae@wiG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? &efuek w f uUov kd rf eG f toif;wGif twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf 1957-58 ckEpS /f 1958-59 ckEpS /f rGepf mayESi, hf Ofaus;r_aumfrwD (&efuek )f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

263

OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edkifcifarmif touf (70) B.Sc.(Engg.) Mech. zJuwm/ uwdk;aumhESyf (prf;acsmif;/ &efukef) 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª; (+idrf;) A[dkpufypPnf;pm&if;tif;ESifhppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme vlr_xl;c|ef (wwd,qifh) armfvòrid òf r d / uwd;k aumhEyS af us;&Gmae (Edik v f eG ;f cdik -f rdjrcsp)f wd@k .om;/ armfvòrid òf r d / 'dik ;f 0ef uGi;f &yf/ 0wf}u;D vrf;ae (OD;yk-a':aiGòrid )f wd@k . om;oruf/ trSwf (40)/ iSuaf ysmawmvrf;/ u|e;f awm ajrmuf&yfuu G /f prf;acsmif;òr d e,fae a':wifped . f cspv f pS mG aom cifyeG ;f / (OD;pd;k ode;f / ava=umif;OD;pD;Xme)a':oif;òrdiw f @kd . nD§armif/ OD;rif;ndKodr;f (¶H;k tzG@J r;ª / +idr;f )-a':vS=unf/ OD;atmifjrif-h a':wifwif/ a':0if;0if;&Sed f (Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifp¶D ;kH )/ OD;pd;k jrif-h a':wifa&$w@kd . tud/k udak usmv f if;aZmf (acwW-U.S.A.)/ udx k eG ;f xGe;f / udrk sK;d ol&-ywfcs,&f cD p (acwW-Aefaumuf)/ udx k eG ;f ode;f (C.E., N.S.S.P.L.)-reDvmcif/ udw k ifah tmif/ reDvmatmif (Final Part I, I.M. 1) wd@k . aus;Zl;&Sizf cif/ eef@cs&m/ armifòz;d rif;ode;f wd@k . tbd;k onf (29-9-2002) &ufwiG f uG,v f eG yf gI (1-10-2002) &uf (t*F gae@) rGe;f vGJ (1) em&DwiG f xdeyf iftat;wdu k rf S xdeyf ifoo k mefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D oò* [ õ yf grnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 5? acsmif;qHkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmif=unf!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmif=unf!eG @f onf acsmif;qHòk r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (10 344) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (44 ² 45) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;wifjrif. h om; jzpfonf? 1951 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (8) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? rE aW v;wkid ;f / wyfuek ;f òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmif=unf!eG @f onf 1973 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef; a&S aepmar;yJaG tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f pku d yf sK;d ynmbJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS rf pS I acsmif;qHòk r d

264

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

taemufyikd ;f &yfuu G w f iG af eI txufwef;a&S aetjzpf toufarG;onf? OD;atmif=unf!eG @f onf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf (416) (109) jzihf jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cHc&hJ I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya' yk'rf (11) (Ë) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (9) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf?

aygiòr d / u'g&yfuu G Zf mwd jzpfonf? Ekid af omif;!Ge@f onf 1943 ckEpS rf pS I bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;ynm/ rlvwef;ynm/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ESiw hf uUov kd 0f ifwef;txd/ "rRar"eDausmif;ESihf aygiòf r d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ausmif;rSxu G I f v,fvyk if ef;vkyu f idk cf +hJ y;D aygiòf r d e,f z-q-y-v/ A-w-v-p wk@d wiG f òr d e,ftqif/h 1965 ckEpS w f iG f q-p-w-u twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1968 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (17) &ufae@rpS I ,lepfa&;&mr ;/ ,lepfaumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &uf ae@rS 1978 ckEpS /f ZGev f (10) &ufae@txd ygw, D el pf twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1978 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@rS 1985 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@txd ygw, D el pf OuUÏwm0efw@dk ux kd rf;aqmifc+hJ y;D 1986 ckEpS /f arv (25) &ufae@wiG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwrD S Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf?

6? acsmif;qHkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a':cifaX;ºu,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':cifaX;ºu, G o f nf acsmif;qHòk r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 307) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80 ² 44) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;uGeyf g.orD; jzpfonf? 1946 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (10) &ufae@zmG ; jzpf onf? acsmif;qHòk r d e,f/ rk&pf uav;tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif qXrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? xdrk S &efuek o f @kd ajymif;a&$ ynmoif=um;cJ&h m 1966 ckEpS w f iG f trSwf (3) wmarG tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? xkrd S &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufynmoif=um; cJ&h m 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f odyH` (owWaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? bJ@G &+y;D aemuf A[dv k ,faumifpD pma&;0efxrf;/ 1978 ckEpS w f iG f rSwyf w kH ifa&S ae oifwef;atmifjrifonft h cg pma&;0efxrf;tjzpfrS E_wx f u G cf o hJ nf? ,if;aemufw&m;±H;k csKyf a&S aetjzpfvu kd yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 7? aygifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;^m%f0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;^m%f0if;onf aygiòf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 032) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 2) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;csed af z/ trd a':&Dw@dk rS 1942 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? usKu d cf rDZmwdjzpfonf? OD;^m%f0if;onf 1948-49 ckEpS rf S 1959-60 ckEpS t f xd usKu d u f rQ t D pd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ armfvòrdif &Sifr[mAk'<aCmotxufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wuUokdvf0ifwef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd armfvòrid f Oypmaumvdy/f rE aW v;wuUov kd Ef iS hf &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov kd w f @kd rS 0dZm (Oya'bJ@G ) ESihf Oya'bJ@G rsm;&&Scd o hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS w f iG f a':vSv0S if;ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1973 ckEpS t f xd txufwef;a&S ae/ w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S ae/ 1973 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (4)/ 14-11-1988 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (14) &ufae@wiG f Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (1) rS t+ird ;f pm;,lc+hJ y;D / w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

9? bD;vif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifarmifvwf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifvwfonf bD;vif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 912) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 82) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;xGe;f pde. f om; jzpfonf? bD;vif;òr d e,f/ a&SavSaus;&Gm Zmwdjzpf onf? 1947 ckEpS /f pufwifbm v (9) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifvwfonf a&SavSaus;&Gmrlv wef;ausmif;/ bD;vif;/ usKu d x f /dk oxHk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd f rS 0dZm bJ@G (Oya') ESihf 1973 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0dZm bJ@G w@dk &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f A[kw d &m;±H;k tvkyo f if a&S aeoifwef;wufa&mufcI hJ 1975 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aevkid pf if&&S+d y;D bD;vif;/ usKu d x f òdk r d e,f w&m;±H;k ESihf rGejf ynfe,fw&m;±H;k wk@d wiG f a&S ae tjzpf vdu k yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1983 ckEpS w f iG f A[dw k &m;±H;k a&S aetjzpf pwifvu kd yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd bD;vif;òr d e,f a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufyaGJ umfr&Sif tzJ@G 0if/ 1975 ckEpS w f iG f a&SavSaus;&Gmpmqkad wmfyEGJ iS hf 1986 ckEpS w f iG f bD;vif;pmqkad wmfae@w@dk wiG f a[majymcJo h nf?

8? aygifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? Edkifaomif;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Ekid af omif;!Ge@f onf aygiòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (21 242) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (59 ² 12) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;bk;d ouf.om; jzpfonf? 1934 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (31) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf?

10? bD;vif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmif (opPm&Sif)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifonf bD;vif;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 180) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 88) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1930 jynfEh pS zf mG ;jzpfonf? aròr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;jrat;.om; jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifonf ppftwGi;f tm&Svil ,ftzJ@G 0ifEiS hf 1954 ckEpS rf pS I òrd e,fausmif;om;or*~EiS hf ausmif;om;wyfO;D wGif òr d e,f wyfa&;/ 1946 ckEpS w f iG f taxGaxGoydwaf cgi;f aqmif/ 1947 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D 1950 jynhEf pS w f iG f ol&aJ umif;rSww f rf;0ifwq H yd &f onf? 1955 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS t f xd pifumyl/ =opa=w;vsEiS fh tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k @kd wiG f ppfoifwef;wufa&mufco hJ nf? '*Hòk r d e,f=u@H cidk af &;toif; òr d e,fpnf;±H;k a&;r ;ESihf &efuek w f idk ;f (tv,fyidk ;f ) wvu twGi;f a&;r ;/ jynfo@l axmufyahH &;tzJ@G tpd;k &cef@tzJ@G 0if/ rE aW v;wkid ;f tvkyo f rm;}u;D =uyfa&;tzJ@G twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfrS Akv d rf ; tqifjh zihf t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd vrf;pOfygwD

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

XmecsKyf ynma&;&mXmewGif XmecJrG ; ESihf 'kw, d Xmer ;/ XmecsKyfygw, D el pfOuUÏESihf A[dak umfrwD0iftxd/ tjynfjynfqidk &f mqufo, G af &;ESifh Ekid if jH cm;a&;&maumfrwD twGi;f a&;r ;/ zJ@G pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' a&;qJaG &; aumfr&Siw f iG f tzJ@G 0ifEiS fh aumfrwDtzJ@G ct GJ wGi;f a&;r ;/ xD;csKd irhf q J ENe,f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f jynfo@l v$waf wmf tjynfjynfqidk &f mqufo, G af &;ESifh Ekid if jH cm;a&;&maumfrwD twGi;f a&;r ;/ ukvor*~o@dk (3) }urd Ef iS hf bufrvku d Ef idk if rH sm; nDvmcHo@kd (2) }urd f wufa&mufco hJ nf? 0efxrf;a&G;cs,af vhusiahf &; tzJ@G 0if/ 1977 ckEpS w f iG f ygww D m0efrsm;rS ±kyo f rd ;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;aemuf Ekid if jH cm;ukr% ` rD sm;wGif u|r;f usirf v _ ufaxmuf/ aròr d toif; (&efuek )f OuUÏ/ opPm&Si f uavmiftrnfjzihf pma&;q&m/ 1988 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS rfh sK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G o@kd 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? rsK;d cspf &Jabmf a[mif;rsm;tzJ@G wiG f A[dak umfrwD0ifEiS hf twGi;f a&;r ; (pDr)H tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f azazmf 0g&v D (24) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf?

11? rk'Hkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a':wifapmOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf? a':wifapmOD;onf rk'òkH r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 472) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 17) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rk'òkH r d e,f/ anmif0ikd ;f Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSa&$/ trd a':aiG&w D @dk rS 1944 ckEpS /f rwfv (14) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a':wifapmOD;onf rk'&kH iS &f [Hausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynm pwif oif=um;cJo h nf? 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f armfvòrdif armfwifved ;f *s'q f if txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifh ausmif;xGupf mar;yJu G v kd nf;aumif;/ 1961 ckEpS w f iG f rk'òkH r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef; udv k nf;aumif; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1967 -68 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S 0dZm (Oya') bG@J EiS Ofh ya'0dZm bG@J w@kd &&Scd o hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f armfvòrid òf r d e,f w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S ae rpPwmea';qif; xHwiG f tvkyo f ifa&S aetjzpf avhvmqnf;yl;cJo h nf? 1971 ckEpS /f rwfv (30) &ufae@wiG f w&m;±H;k csKyf a&S aejzpfvm+y;D aemuf rGejf ynfe,fw&m;¶H;k ESihf rk'òkH r d e,f w&m;±H;k rsm;wGif w&m;±H;k csKyaf &S aetjzpf vku d yf g aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1443) (1360 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 10 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 24 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? OD;armifarmiftm; rGejf ynfe,f/ bD;vif;òr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr muf cHxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS rGejf ynfe,f/ bD;vif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;armifarmifu rdro d nf use;f rma&;raumif;onft h jyif qufvufvyk u f ikd &f ef vnf; r&Sad wmhygojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;armifarmif.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;armifarmiftm; ,ae@rpS I bD;vif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

12? rk'Hkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? a'guw f mrif;=unf0if;onf rk'òkH r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (24 430) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 16) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;Edik af usmf (uG,v f eG )f / trd a':apm&Sed w f @kd rS 1952 ckEpS /f ZGev f (29) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f mrif;=unf0if;onf arG;csi;f armifEpS rf (5) a,mufteuf 'kw, d ajrmufom;jzpfonf? i,femrnf rif;aiG=unf0if;jzpfonf? rk'òkH r d e,f/ anmifuek ;f aus;&Gm rGerf v l wef; ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / tv,fwef;ESit hf xufwef;ynmudk rk'òkH r d / tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (1) wGif oif=um;cJo h nf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f (10) wef;udk (3) bmom*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifchJ onf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (2) r*Fvm'Hrk S q&m0efb@JG &&Scd o hJ nf? 1982-83 ckEpS w f iG f òr d e,f ud, k x f u l , kd x f ausmif; use;f rma&;q&m0ef/ 1981 ckEpS w f iG f rdprf;EG@J (enf;jy/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; ynmoifausmif;/ armfvòrdifòrd ) ESifh vufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;ukocef; zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifonf? rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J (A[d)k wGif wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;rª; (1) wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwif bmvwGif rGejf ynfopfygwo D @kd ay;yd@k onft h =uHðypmESiyhf wfoufI pmrltm; jyifqifay;onf[q k u kd m Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifpED iS hf rGejf ynfopfygwt D =um; txiftjrifvrJG mS ;atmif vkyo f nf[pk yG pf I JG 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESpf csrw S jf cif; cHc&hJ +y;D / 2004 ckEpS /f ZGev f (4) &ufae@wiG f armfvòrid t f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 13? armfvòrifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? Adkvfrª;}uD;vGef;wif (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Akv d rf ;ª }u;D vGe;f wif (t+ird ;f pm;) onf armfvòrid òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (39 624) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (77²29)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? armfvòrid òf r d e,f/ aumhEyS &f mG Zmwdjzpfonf? rGet f rsK;d om; Ak'b < mom0ifjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f vif;/ trd a':ode;f arwk@d rS 1921 ckEpS /f rwfv (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? Akv d rf ;ª }u;D vGe;f wif (t+ird ;f pm;) onf 1928 ckEpS rf S 1932 ckEpS t f xd ajrmif;jròr d / atbDtrf trsK;d orD;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1932 ckEpS rf S 1941 ckEpS t f xd ajrmif;jròr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJI h 1941-42 ckEpS /f ppfjzpfcsed w f iG f Oypmatmufwef; txd &efuek , f el AD mpDwaD umvdyw f iG f ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t) wGif tjcm;tqifjh zihf 1942 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (1) &ufae@rS 1942 ckEpS /f rwfv (16) &ufae@txd/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) wGif t&m&St d qifjh zihf 1942 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (27) &ufae@rS 1945 ckEpS /f rwfv (26) &ufae@txd/ ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmf (bDyt D ufz)f wGif t&m&St d qihjf zihf 1945 ckEpS /f rwfv (27) &ufae@rS 1945 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (31) &ufae@txd Ekid if w hH m0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifchJ onf? 1945 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (1) &ufae@wiG f *ENpD mcsKyt f &zJ@G pnf;aom ArmhwyfrawmfwiG f jyefwrf;0if t&m&Sjd zpfvmcJo h nf? oeu (5) wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 1953 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@rS 1953 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (2) &ufae@txd/ cv& (22) wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 1953 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (3) &ufae@rS 1955 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (28) &ufae@txd cv& (6) wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 1955 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (29) &ufae@rS 1957 ckEpS /f rwfv (29) &ufae@txd/ cv& (14) wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 30-3-1957 ckEpS /f rwfv (30) &uf ae@rS 1958 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (18) &ufae@txd/f trSwf (11) wyfr[m Xme csKyfwiG f ,m,Dwyfr[mrª;tjzpf 1958 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (19) &ufae@rS 1959 ckEpS /f arv (19) &uf ae@txd/ trSwf (1) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwiG f ,m,Dwyfr[mrª;tjzpf 1959 ckEpS /f arv (25) &ufae@rS 1961 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (16) &ufae@txd/ trSwf (7) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwiG f wyfr[mrª;tjzpf 1961 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (17) &ufae@rS 1963 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (15) &ufae@txd/ taemufajrmufwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyfwidk ;f rª;tjzpf 1963 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (16) &ufae@rS 1965 ckEpS /f {+yv D (29) &ufae@txd/ 1965 ckEpS /f {+yv D (29) &ufae@rpS I u-u-csKyf (=unf;) od@k wJzG ufwm0ef/ taemufajrmufwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyw f iG f wkid ;f rª;tjzpfaqmif&u G pf Of bke;f }u;D ta&;tcif;Y yg0ifywfoufrj_ zihf 1965 ckEpS /f pufwif bmv (1) &ufae@rS 1967 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (27) &ufae@txd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? umuG,f a&;Xme aumifpn D e¸ =f um;csut f rSwf (1§64)/ tyd'k f (6-1) t& 1968 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (25) &ufae@rS pI ppfrx _ rf;aqmifjcif;rS&yfpcJ cH &hJ I 1968 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd trSwf (1) pufr0_ ef}u;D Xme !$e=f um; a&;rª;csKyf/ 1978 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd tvkyo f rm;Xme!$e=f um;a&;rª;csKyf/ 1981 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS f txd tvkyo f rm;Xme t=uaH y;yk*Kd~ vftjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD kd ua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;+yD;onfah emuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfo@kd 0ifco hJ nf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif; rsm;tzJ@G A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dOk ;D pD;ESihf rGejf ynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&; aumfrwD 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? jyefwrf;0if wyfrawmft&m&St d rSwf (=unf;-3618) jzpfonf? 1962 ckEpS /f rwfv (2) &ufae@wiG f tm%modr;f cJo h nfh Adv k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if;OD;aqmifaom awmfveS af &;aumifpw D iG f awmfveS af &;aumifpaD =unmcsut f rSwf (34) jzifh 1962 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (5) &ufae@wiG f awmfveS af &; aumifp0D iftjzpf cef@tyfccH &hJ onf? jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfyh gw0D ifvnf;jzpfco hJ nf?

1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wyfr;ª a[mif;rsm; tzJ@G 0iftjzpf yg0if v_y&f mS ;cJo h nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if (yxrqif)h / Edik if *hH % k &f nf (yxrqif)h / oD&yd scH s/D aZ,sausmx f if/ oD[AvwHqyd w f @dk tygt0if qkwq H yd f (7) ck&&Scd o hJ nf? 1951 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (9) &ufae@wiG f a':oef; =unfEiS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f rwfv (26) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh A[dt k vkyt f r_ aqmiftzG@J wiG f tzG@J 0iftjzpf wd;k jr iw hf m0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1996 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (9) &ufae wiG f topfjyefvnfz JG pnf;onfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dak umfrwDY A[dt k vkyt f r_ aqmifaumfrwD0if/ rGejf ynfe,fwm0efct H jzpf wm0ef ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f zG@J pnf;cJo h nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f tzG@J 0ifjzpfvmcJo h nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@nwGijf zpfymG ;cJo h nfh tm%mydik rf sm;ud, k w f ikd f yg0ifywfoufppD OfusL;vGecf o hJ nfh 'Dy, J if;aoG; acsmif;pD;vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfymG ;t+y;D wGif aetdrt f us,cf sKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2003 ckEpS /f Ed0k if bmv (24) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? 1951 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (9) &ufae@wiG f a':oef;=unfEiS v hf ufxyfc+hJ yD;/ orD; a':vJv h w hJ if/ om; OD;oef;vSEiS hf OD;rif;atmif/ orD; a':tdtw d ifw@kd tygt0if om;av;a,muf/ orD;ESpaf ,mufxeG ;f um;onf? ¡ u|eaf wmfonf armfvòrid cf ¶kid f uwk;d aumhEyS &f mG rSaeI Armhvw G v f yfa&; wyfrawmf (bDtidk f at) ESihf vku d yf gvmcJo h nf? bm;tHo@kd a&mufaomtcg Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtidk af t) Xme csKyf&&dS m ,d;k ',m;e,fpyf &[kid ;f bufo@kd c&D;qufc. hJ ? &[dik ;f Y *syefjyefAv kd rf ;kd (ocifat;armif) OD;aqmif aomwyfz@JG uzkd @JG pnf;&mwGif yg0if+y;D vufeufrsm;udk vufc&H &So d nf? vufeufrsm;rSm wyfz@JG 0ifO;D a&xuf rsm;aeonft h wGuf ydv k #aH omvufeufrsm;udo k ,fum awmtxyfxyfawmiftxyfxyfjzwfI zmyGef vrf;bufo@kd csw D uf=uonf? csw D uf&mvrf;wav#mufY u&if&mG rSty rnfonf&h mG r#r&S?d acsmif;óud acsmif;=um;/ ajrmif;óudajrmif;=um; auG@ywfumcsw D ufc=hJ uonf? xrif;vnf; iwfco hJ nf? od@k aomf vGwv f yfa&; wku d yf t JG wGuf pdw"f mwfrmS rl wufºujG yif;xefvsu&f o dS nf? ppfawmif;jrpftaemufbuf urf;od@k a&muf&o dS nft h csed Yf tajrmuforH sm;/ Ak;H =uo J rH sm;ud=k um;&aoma=umifh wyfz@JG rmS &yfwef@omG ; onf? xkad emuf t*Fvyd af v,mOfysrH sm;. vma&mufwu dk cf idk rf u _ ckd &H onf? ppfawmif;jrpf 'Da&twuf tusEiS t hf wl tavmif;rsm;rSm a&pkaH &qefEiS hf twlajrmygonfuakd wG@&onf? wmqkYH bDtidk af t wyfom;rsm;onf t*Fvyd w f @dk . ,E &W m;wyfz@JG EiS hf awG@qw Hk u dk yf jJG zpfymG ;&mrS taotaysmufrsm;&So d nfukd vnf;=um;&onf? xkad e&mYyif av,mOfysyH pfcwfenf;/ aoewfypfcwfenf;rsm;udk u|eaf wmfw@dk tjyif; txefavhusi&hf onf? xkrd w S qifh bDtidk af twyfz@JG onf&efuek b f ufo@kd csw D uf=ujyef&m u|eaf wmfw@dk yg0ifaomwyfz@JG Y wyfpk (1) wyfprk ;ª tjzpfu|eaf wmf/ wyfprk ;ª (2) tjzpf Adv k t f ek ;f a&$ (jynfwiG ;f aomif;use;f r_ErdS ef if;&mwGif rkwrW bufY usq;Hk onf)/ wyfpk (3) wyfprk ;ª tjzpf ,d;k ',m;rSygvmaom ,d;k ',m;aygujf refrmvlrsK;d Adv k b f atmif/ wyfpk (4) wyfprk ; tjzpf ,d;k ',m;jrefrmujym; (,d;k ',m;emrnfjzpfonft h wGuf rrSwrf d awmh) wk@d u wm0ef,=l u&umwyfz@JG udk Adv k af wZ (Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;) u OD;pD;onf? u|Eyfk w f @dk wyfz@JG . *syefppft&m&Srd mS rpPwmxku d &f jzpfonf? wnwGif rE aW v;vrf;udjk zwfausm&f eftðy &efuek b f ufrw S ufvmaom &efo@l um;wyf}u;D rsm;udk awG@&&dS onf? txuftrde@f t& xku d m;wyf}uD;rsm;udk wku d cf idk jf cif;rðybJ ajr}uD;ay: Y0yf+yD;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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269

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

noef;acgit f xd rv_yrf ,Suaf e=u&onf? &efo@l um;wyf}u;D rsm;vGeaf jrmuf+y;D rS rE aW v;um;vrf;ukd jzwfum yJc;l ¶d;k rwGi;f ok@d 0if=uonf? yJc;l &d;k rrSwqifh jynfvrf;buf&dS wku d }f u;D òr d e,f vdarRmjf caH us;&Gm od@k a&muf&=dS uonf? Adv k af wZ (Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;) onf wku d }f u;D òr d rS acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifarmif}uD;ESit hf zG@J w@dk uakd c:,lI t*Fvyd w f yfrsm; qkwcf mG oGm;onft h ajctaeudk ar;jref;pkpH rf; wkid yf if=uonf? xkn d Y Adv k af wZ/ rpPwmxdu k &f / Adv k t f ek ;f a&$EiS hf u|eaf wmfw@dk (4) a,mufw@dk onf t*Fvyd w f @dk .qkwcf mG vrf;jzpfaom wku d }f u;D teD; rD;&xm;wHwm;ukd rdik ;f jzifo h mG ;+y;D csK;d zsu=f uum eHeuf (4) em&DwiG f vdarRmjf caH us;&Gmok@d jyefvnfa&muf&=dS uonf? aemufwae@wiG f t*Fvyd u f if;vSnw hf yfz@JG wzG@J vdarRmjf caH us;&Gmbufo@kd wufvm&m u|eaf wmfw@dk wyfz@JG u jyefvnfwu dk x f w k o f jzifh t*Fvyd w f @dk onf tavmif;rsm;yifraumufEidk yf J jyefvnfqw k cf mG oGm;=uonf? Adv k af wZ (Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;) OD;aqmif aom u|eaf wmfw@dk ppfa=umif;onf atmifyrJG sm;cH,al epOftwGi;f *syefjyefAv kd rf ;kd rSm zl;}u;D wku d yf YJG usq;Hk oGm;a=umif; 0rf;enf;zG,&f m=um;od&avonf? vdarRmjf cHrw S qifh rD;&xm;vrf;twdik ;f csw D ufvm&m ajrmif;wumwGif &or#um;rsm;udpk pk nf;+yD; xkt d &yfum;rsm;jzifh arSmb f òD rd od@k 0if=uonf? arSmb f òD rd wòr d vk;H rSmwdwq f w d af e+y;D vlwa,mufurkd #rawG@&ay? *syefwyfrsm;ESit hf òydif &efuek òrd od@k 0ifa&mufEidk af &;twGuf um;rsm;jzifq h ufvufxu G cf mG vmcJ&h m narSmifpwGif axmuf=uef@o@kd a&muf=u.? *syefwyfz@JG rsm;onf &efuek v f rf;wbufwcsurf S csw D ufaepOf Adv k af wZ (Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;) OD;pD;aom u|eaf wmfw@dk ppfa=umif;u xdyYf a'gi;f tvH v$ix hf u l m axmuf=uH rS&efuek o f @kd tjyif;armif;vm=uonf? &efuek òf rd wGi;f od@k a&muf&adS omtcg wòr d vk;H onfww d q f w d af eum rD;rsm;vnf;vk;H 0r&S?d tpma&pmiwfaeaom acG;rsm;.tlou H o kd m=um; &+y;D vrf;ay: Yvlwa,mufr#rawG@&yg? &efuek òf r d ay:wGif u|eaf wmfw@dk um;wef;onf [d[ k o dk nfonf av#mufarmif;aeaomfvnf; rnfo@l urkd # rawG@&onft h wGuf a&$w*d b Hk &k m;ajc&if;&Sd a*:&muke;f pcef; (,ckrw S w f rf;¶k;H &S&d m) od@k a&muf&+dS y;D pcef;csxm;vku d o f nf? &efuek òf r d udo k rd ;f yku d +f y;D aemuf *syefwyfEiS hf Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmfw@dk onf r=umc%tcsi;f rsm;=uonf? t*Fvyd w f @dk peG @f cmG oGm;aom ukew f u dk f }u;D rsm;/ &dumQ *dak 'girf sm;wk@d ukd *syefwyfEiS b hf t D idk af twyfw@dk onf OD;&mvlord ;f =uonf? &efuek òf r d Y&Sad epOf wae@Y a*:&muke;f pcef;&Sw d yfz@JG rsm;tm;wef;pDap+y;D *syefAv kd f rpPwmuDwm *srD m (,ck rpPwmwmum[m&S/d jrefrmoH¶;Hk / wku d sK)d u Akv d t f ek ;f a&$EiS hf u|eaf wmfw@kd tm;ac:xkwv f u kd +f y;D wdkuf}uD;òrd t*Fvdyfrsm;qkwfcGmvrf;&Sd &xm;wHwm;udk zsufqD;&mYpGrfpGrf;wrHaqmif&Gufr_a=umifh bDtdkifatqkwHqdyfudk csD;jr ifha=umif;ajym=um;um u|efawmfwkd@ESpfOD;. &ifbwfrsm;wGifwHqdyfrsm; wyfqifay;ygonf? xkw d q H yd rf sK;d onf *syefjyefAv kd rf sm;vnf; wyfqifxm;onfuakd wG@&&dS onf? ajrmufydkif;odk@csDwuf&mwGif *syefwkd@u OD;raqmifawmhbJ *syefjyefrsm;uOD;aqmifonf? AdkvfaZ,s OD;aqmifaomppfa=umif;Y Adkvf&efatmifwyfr[m/ Adkvf&JxGÉfwyfr[m/ Adkvfjrifhatmif wyfr[m[lI wyfr[m (3) ckw@dk yg0ifonf? Adv k &f x J ÉG w f yfr[mwGif trSwf (1) wyf&if;rª;tjzpf u|eaf wmfAv kd [ f oFm/ trSwf (2) wyf&if;rª;tjzpf Adv k o f w H idk f (,ckAv kd rf ; a[mif;oHwidk )f / trSwf (3) wyf&if;rª;tjzpf Akv d t f ek ;f a&$ (xm;0,fom; usq;Hk ) trSwf (4) wyf&if;rª;tjzpf Akv d b f óuid f (bm;tH/ a&$*eG ;f Yusq;Hk ) wk@d u toD;oD;wm0ef,=l u&ygonf? ajrmufyikd ;f od@k csw D uf&mwGif *syefwyfEiS b hf t D idk af t wyfwkd@onftòydiftqkdifcsDwuf=uonf? c&D;&SnfvmonfESifhtr# *syefESifhArmwyfwkd@.yÉdyuQrSm

ydrk jdk yif;xefvmonf? Oyrm Aef;armfEiS hf a&$*t l =um;vrf;c&D;Y ppfa=umif;r ;Adv k af Z,sEiS t hf zG@J ukd *syef wyfuzrf;qD;xm;a=umif;owif;ud&k &So d nft h cgwiG f rcHr&yfEidk jf zpf=uum Adv k af Z,svw G af jrmufa&; twGuf *syefwyfuw kd u dk cf u dk &f ef óud;yrf;vmonftxd jzpfc&hJ onf? aemufq;Hk wGif Adv k af Z,stm; *syefw@dk u tav#mah y;umjyefvnf v$waf y;vku d &f awmhonf? Aef;armfrw S qifh u|eaf wmfw@dk wyfrawmf onf rE aW v;ok@d jyefvnfp¶k ;Hk um (bD-tkid -f at) udzk suo f rd ;f +yD; (bD-'D-at) udk ArmhumuG,af &; wyfrawmftjzpf ajymif;vJz@JG pnf;cJyh gonf? Adkvf[oFm (Adkvfrª;}uD;a[mif; vGef;wif)

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¡tDZkrd,xwfpka&m *syefbmomjzifha&;om;I 'kAdkvfrª;}uD;oD[Avjraomif; (t+idrf;pm;)/ *syef bmomrS wdu k ¶f u kd jf refrmjyefonfh &Jabmfo;kH usyd Ef iS hf rDemrDv#K d 0Sut f zG@J pmtky/f yxrt}urd f (1976) twGuaf &;onfh trSmpmrS æ¢ 14? armfvòrifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;csrf;at;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csr;f at;onf armfvòrid òf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (36 508) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 2) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ysO;f rem;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;v_id /f trd a':pdew f @dk rS 1927 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? i,femrnf OD;wifa&$/ uavmifemrnf armifp;l prf;/ awmwGi;f emrnf OD;xGe;f az (c) OD;csr;f at;onf uefawmfuav;jrLausmif;/ A[kt d pk;d & txufwef;ausmif;(txu (1) vom) wd@k wiG f ppfrjzpfru D ynmoif=um;cJI h 1941 ckEpS w f iG f (8) wef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 193839 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;oydwEf iS fh tpmiwfcw H u dk yf rGJ sm;wGif wef;jrifah usmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ 1943 ckEpS w f iG f r*Fvm'Hrk v l wef;ppfwuUov dk f (a,meif;) tywfpOf (1) od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS /f zufqpfawmfveS af &;wGif om,m0wD/ OuUEH iS fh yJc;l c±dik w f @dk wiG f ajymufusm;acgi;f aqmif/ 1945-46 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifpmar;yJaG tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1946-47 ckEpS /f &efuek w f uUov kd f Auorsm;tzJ@G csKyf wJzG uftwGi;f a&;rª;/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ OuUÏ/ 1949 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm (c) abm*aA'*k%x f ;l wef;wuf aepOf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD (Auy) awmck&d mod@k vku d yf gomG ;cJo h nf? xkpd Of OD;csr;f at;onf &efuek f c±kid f (Auy) ,l*st D jzpfEiS hf &efuek o f @dk r=umc%a&mufI &efuek w f uUov dk af usmif;om;nD!w G af &;wyfO;D rS ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESiahf qG;aEG;jcif;/ Auy.oabmxm;udk !$e=f um;pOf OD;csr;f at;tm; 1956 ckEpS /f rwfv (31) &ufae@wiG f z-q-y-v tpk;d &ESiahf phpyfaqG;aEG;&ef Auyud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf wm0ef ay;apv$wo f nf? aphpyfaqGaEG;&mwGif AuyA[ku d Ekid if aH &;tajccHjzihðf yvky&f ef n¸e=f um;aomfvnf; OD;csr;f at;urvku d ef mojzifh wkid ;f aumfrwDtqifw h m0efrS ±kyo f rd ;f +yD; ygw0D iftjzpfrv S nf; (9) v &yfpx J m;cJo h nf? xkt d cg OD;csr;f at;u ygwrD ES w k x f u G cf iG ðhf y&ef Auyod@k pma&;wifjy&m A[du k vufrcHchJ ay? xkt d csed cf iG jhf zihaf exdik pf Of OD;csr;f at;onf ppfwrf;wapmif (aemifwiG f csr;f at;ppfwrf;[k trnfwiG f cJo h nf) udðk ypk+y;D AuyA[do k @dk wifjycJo h nf? xkpd pfwrf;.tESpo f m&rSm AuyA[d. k (48) ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D vrf;pOfjzpfaom vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;vrf;pOfukd jyefvnfo;kH oyfI vufeufuikd v f rf;pOfupkd eG @f +y;D

272

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ygvrD ef'rD u dk a&pDenf;t& wku d yf 0GJ if&efjzpfonf? xkv d rf;pOfu AuyA[du k vufrcHy,fcsco hJ nf? 1957 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (8) &ufae@wiG f &efuek òf r d wGif v#K d 0Suv f y_ &f mS ;vsu&f adS om OD;csr;f at;udk wyfrawmf axmufvrS ;f a&;rS zrf;qD;&rdco hJ nf? xkpd Of OD;csr;f at;onf zqyv tpk;d & jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D OD;xGe;f 0if; xHo@kd csr;f at;ppfwrf;udw k ifjycJo h nf? ,if;ppfwrf;a=umifh &Jabmfcsr;f at;tjrifreS &f oGm;+y[ D k z-qy-v tpd;k &u,H=k unfum 1957 ckEpS /f {+yv D (5) &ufae@wiG f cH0efuwdjzihjf yefvw $ af y;+y;D xkad e@rmS yif tpd;k &cGiðhf ycsuaf =umifh owif;pmq&mrsm;ESiahf wG@qu kH m owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJðG yvkycf iG ahf y;cJo h nf? if; wifjyaom csr;f at;ppfwrf;ukv d nf; yHEk ydS x f w k af 0cGiðhf ycJo h nf? 1957 ckEpS w f iG f &efu f ek w f uUov kd rf S Oya'bJ@G &,l+y;D Oya'ynm&Si/f pma&;q&mESio hf wif;pmq&m/ 1957-58 ckEpS w f iG f z-q-y-v 0ef}u;D jrefrmh tvif;OD;wif. pDpOfay;csut f & jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif pD;yGm;a&;t,f'w D mjzpfco hJ nf? 0ef}uD; a[mif; OD;xGe;f 0if; (wnf+rJ z-q-y-v) OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G af om A[dv k ufum;or0g,rtoif; wGif OD;xGe;f 0if;.zdwaf c:csut f & or0g,roifwef; uxdu/ pHawmfcsed o f wif;pm (rxkwjf zpfc)hJ t,f'D wmcsKyfwm0efw@dk ukd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ,if;ok@d aqmif&u G pf Of OD;xGe;f 0if;ESihf Ekid if aH &;udprP sm;jiif;cHak qG;aEG; &mrS OD;csr;f at;onf Auy &yfwnfcsut f wkid ;f &yfwnfcsurf ajymif;vJ/ wnfjrJ z-q-y-v udv k nf; apmfum;ykwcf wfonf[q k u dk m 1960 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (2) &ufae@wiG f tvkyk rf &S yfpcJ o hJ nf? 1961-62 ckEpS w f iG f rSeef ef;pD;yGm;a&;owif;pOf (ae@pOfxw k )f ESihf rSeef ef;*sme,f (tywfpOf) wk@d wiG f t,f'DwmcsKyfwm0ef,lcJhonf? ,if;rSefeef;*sme,fonf 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@wGif tm%modr;f cJah om Adv k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if;OD;aqmifonfh awmfveS af &;aumifp. D qk&d , S v f pfp;D yGm;a&;pepfukd óuq d adk =umif; axmufcaH &;om;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS w f iG f awmfveS af &;tpd;k & jyef=um;a&;/ or0g,rESifh trsKd;om;pDrHudef;0ef}uD;Xmewdk@wGif txl;t&m&Sd/ xkdrS pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfausmif;oHk; qkd&S,fvpf abm*aA'pmtkyu f dk OD;wifa&$ (bDat/ abm*aA'*k%x f ;l / bDt,fv)f trnfjzihf ðypkco hJ nf? xk@d jyif Edik if aH wmfu;l oef;a&mif;0,fa&;b%f 'g±u dk w f mvl}u;D / pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd f ynma&;tzJ@G 0if/ jyifyuxdu pmppfr;ª wm0efw@kd ukd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? awmfveS af &;tpd;k &.tpDtpOfjzihf *seD AD mul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; tzJ@G 0ifrsm;tpnf;ta0;ESifh 1964 ckEpS /f tjynfjynfqidk &f m or0g,rES;D aESmzvS,yf w GJ @kd o@dk wufa&mufchJ onf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f pD;yGm;a&;pDru H ed ;f rsm;a&;qGjJ cif;ESiyhf wfoufI awmfveS af &;aumifpED iS hf t,ltq ruku d n f o D jzifh tvkyrf ES w k x f u G I f armfvòrid o f @kd ajymif;a&$ +y;D aemuf A[dw k &m;±H;k a&S aetjzpf touf arG;&if; armif;pl;prf;trnfjzihf pmrsm;a&;om;cJo h nf? pD;yGm;vGeaf cwf / ig;rsuEf mS ESihf pD;yGm;a&;vl / a,mrif;}uD;.pD;yGm;a&; tawG;tac: ponfjzifh pmtkyfrsm;a&;om;cJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif yxrZeD; a':oef;oef;uG,v f eG o f mG ;I ,ckvuf&ZdS eD; a':cifcspf (tv,fwef;jy) ESihf 1973 ckEpS w f iG f vufxyfco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D t+y;D wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfo@dk 0ifa&mufI A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ A[dOk ;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ rGejf ynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0efw@dk ,cl o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. *ENq D ;kH jzwfcsut f wkid ;f e0wtpd;k &xHrS v$wf awmfac:,lciG rhf &vsif vkyaf qmifoifo h nfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,pf mwrf;udk wkid yf ifaqG;aEG;a&;om;ðypk&mwGif yg0ifco hJ nft h wGuf oufqidk &f mrSzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ uf Oya' yk'rf (5) (u) (c) (n) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya' yk'rf 11 (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG

usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif rS 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemif (10) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (9) &ufae@ wGif OD;csr;f at;udik af qmifonfh w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S aevdik pf iftrSwf (1131) tm; ¶kyo f rd ;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D a&S ae tjzpfryS g xkwyf ,fjcif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrv S nf; rlt& 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (24) &ufae wiG f ygw0D iftjzpfrx S w k yf ,fay;cJ&h onf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (15) &ufae wiG f tif;pdef tusO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

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273

15? a&;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? a'guw f mrif;pd;k vif;onf a&;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 992) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (61 ² 37) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;omcif.om; jzpfonf? 1957 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (31) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? a&;òr d e,f/ aumh'eG ;f aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? a'guw f mrif;pd;k vif;onf rlvwef;ynmudk aumh'eG ;f aus;&Gm wGiv f nf;aumif;/ tv,fwef;ESihf txufwef;ynmudk rk'òkH rd wGiv f nf;aumif;/ wuUov kd yf nmudk armfvòrid af 'oaumvdyEf iS ahf q;wuUov kd f (2)/ r*Fvm'Hw k iG v f nf;aumif; oif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1985 ckEpS w f iG f q&m0efb@JG (M.B.B.S.) &&Scd o hJ nf? txufwef;ausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;aumifpt D wGi;f a&;rª;/ wuUov kd af usmif;om;b0wGif rGepf mayESi, hf Ofaus;r_aumfrwD (wuUov kd rf sm;/ &efuek )f tvkyt f r_ aqmiftzG@J 0if/ aq;wuUov kd f (2) Ak'b < momtoif; twGi;f a&;rª;/ armfvòrid af q;¶H}k u;D wGif tvkyo f if q&m0eftjzpfxrf;aqmifpOf rGet f rsK;d om;ae@usi;f ya&;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;rª;ESihf OuUÏ/ rGet f rsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J (A[d)k wGif taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmvwGif rGejf ynfopfygwo D @kd ay;yd@k onfh t=uðH ypmtm; vufrw S af &;xd;k cJo h jzifh Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifpED iS hf rGejf ynfopfygwt D =um; txiftjrifvrJG mS ;atmifvyk o f nf[pk yG pf I JG 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESpcf srw S jf cif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 2004 ckEpS /f ZGev f (4) &ufae@wiG f armfvòrid t f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 16? a&;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwm=uifodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f m=uifoed ;f onf a&;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (13 879) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 88) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;baiG/ trd a':vSwifw@dk rS 1941 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? wGaH w;òr d e,f/ ysO;f uwk;d &GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'guw f m=uifoed ;f onf 1959-60 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek òrd pdeaf ygausmif;rS ocsmF / "mwkaA'*k%x f ;l wk@d jzifh wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f r*Fvm'Hak q;wuUov dk f (2) rS q&m0efb@JG &&Scd o hJ nf? 1967 ckEpS w f iG f oxHòk r d ol a':0if;=unf (bDat) ESihf tdraf xmifusco hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f em*awmifwef;a'o av&S;D òr d Y q&m0ef/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f oxHjk ynfo@l aq;±Hk vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1974 ckEpS w f iG f rk'òkH r d e,f/ urm0uf&mG wdu k ef ,f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

q&m0ef/ 1976 ckEpS w f iG f a&;òr d wGif òr d e,fuse;f rma&; t&m&S/d 1981 ckEpS w f iG f a&;òr d jynfo@l aq;±HYk òr d e,fq&m0ef/ 1986 ckEpS w f iG f wm0efrES w k x f u G cf +hJ y;D a&;òr d wGif tajccsaexdik I f ud, k yf ikd af q;ukor_ vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (1) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif;a=unmcJo h nf?

tkww f iG ;f wyfr;ª / 1985 ckEpS w f iG f oufjynfyh ifpifjzihw f yfrawmfrS t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? oxHòk rd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f tvkyt f r_aqmif/ oxHòk r d e,frsK;d csp&f aJ bmf a[mif;rsm;tzJ@G wiG f OuUÏ wm0efw@dk ,cl o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (5) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G f a=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf?

17? oxHkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? cGefjrifhxGef; (armifjrifhxGef;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGejf rifx h eG ;f onf oxHòk rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ mckid v f rkH J (25 075) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 41) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;zke;f cif/ trd a':cifat;wd@k rS 1963 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? odrq f yd af us;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? cGejf rifx h eG ;f onf 1979 ckEpS w f iG f tajccHynmtxuf wef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1983 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S odyH` (blrad A') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? wuUov dk rf S xGu+f yD;aemuf rdbrsm;ESit hf wl 'l;&if;oD;vkyif ef;/ rke@f rsK;d pHv k yk if ef;wk@d ukd vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? trjzpfo. l usL&Siaf usmif;wGiv f nf; vufaxmufusL&Siq f &mtjzpf oif=um;ay;cJzh ;l onf? 1996 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (20) &ufae@wiG f jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf 122 (2) Edik if aH wmf opPmazmufzsuyf ek u f efrj_ zifh axmif'%f (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? ¡ 22-8-96 &ufae@xw k o f wif;pmrsm;wGif tdE, dN Edik if t H ajcpdu k f v_y&f mS ;vsu&f adS om trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS a'guw f mwifah qGO;D pD;aomtzG@J u jynfwiG ;f &Sd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyrf S OD;'dak xmif; (uav;òr d )/ cGejf rifx h eG ;f (oxHòk r d ) tygt0if (19) OD;tm; qufo, G I f jynfyoifwef;od@k oifwef;om;rsm; apv$waf y;&ef/ vH@_ aqmf0g'jzef@pmapmifrsm;jzef@a0&eftjyif rH&k mG òr d Y jynfytkypf . k v#K d 0Su¶f ;kH cGzJ iG v hf pS &f efaqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;rsm;twGuf zrf;qD;ta&;,l&a=umif; azmfjyxm; onf? ¢ 2003 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (1) &ufae@wiG f bl;oD;awmifaxmifrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf?

19? oHjzLZ&yfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifarmif}uD; (t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmif}u;D onf oHjzLZ&yfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 250) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (50 ² 71) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;bd;k pde. f om; jzpfonf? 1920 jynfEh pS /f {+yv D (1) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? armfvòrid òf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? armfvòr d tpk;d &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) atmifjrif+y;D &efuek w f uUov kd f wGif (bDtufppf )D txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmfwiG f Adv k af v;/ ArmhumuG,af &; wyfrawmf r*Fvm'Hpk pfwuUov dk f wwd,ywfAv kd af vmif;oifwef;qif;/ ppfO;D pD;/ ppfO;D pD;csKyfAv dk rf ;ª }u;D aZ,s.tyg;awmfjr/J awmfveS af &;wGif rif;wke;f e,fY Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;.vHðk caH &;wyfz@GJ 0if Akv d af v;/ 1945 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (28) &ufae@wiG f a&wyfjyefwrf;0if/ 1967 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f 'kw, d Akv d rf ;ª }u;D tqifjh zifh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? txl;wm0efrsm;tjzpf 1958 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd tvkyo f rm;Xme/ 'kw, d !$e=f um;a&;rª;csKyfEiS fh &efuek q f yd u f rf;txl;rif;}u;D / awmfveS af &;tpd;k & vuf xuf ta&S awmifwidk ;f vtu 'kw, d OuUÏ/ 1964 ckEpS /f {+yv D (17) &ufae@rS 1966 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (20) &ufae@txd v,f§opf wJzG uftwGi;f 0efEiS fh opfvyk if ef;tzJ@G 'kw, d OuUÏ/ A[kq d &kd , S v f pfp;D yGm; wnfaqmufa&;aumfrwDtzJ@G 0if/ Ekid if aH &;aqmif&u G cf surf sm;tjzpf 1939 ckEpS w f iG f 'k@d Armtpnf;t±H;k od@k pwif0ifa&mufonf? &efuek òf r d / prf;acsmif;&yfuu G v f ;Hk qkid &f m 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k udk pwifwnfaxmif olwOD;jzpf+yD;/ tpnf;t±Hk;.wGJzuftwGif;a&;rª;/ wyfrª;}uD;a[mif;rsm;ESihf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ wJzG uftwGi;f a&;rª;/ rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G em,utzJ@G 0if/ Armh vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if (yxr qih)f / aZ,sausmx f ifb@GJ EiS hf ol&aJ umif;rSww f rf;0ifw@kd &cJo h nf? ZeD;a':pde&f ED iS fh om; (1) a,muf/ orD; (4) a,muf xGe;f um;onf?

18? oxHkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;armifonf oxHòk r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f pm;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 79&) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 56) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;jyef@/ trd a':wifw h @dk rS 1927 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? atmifyef;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;armifonf aròr d wGif (8) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1946 ckEpS /f arv (24) &ufae@wiG f aròrd / A[dt k if*sief , D mwyfo@kd wyfom;tjzpf pwif0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1949-50 ckEpS w f iG f ol&aJ umif;rSww f rf;0if bJ@G wq H yd &f cJo h nf? 1953 ckEpS w f iG f aròr d Akv d o f ifwef;ausmif; tywfpOf (10) od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? ,if;aemuf ajcv#iw f yf&if;trSwf (13) wGif wm0efus+y;D armfv òrid /f bm;tH/ aumhu&dw/f xm;0,f/ zmyGeòf r d rsm;wGif wyfcrGJ ;ª tqif/h 1963 ckEpS w f iG f oeu (1) oxH/k wyfcrGJ ;ª ESiphf pfa=umif;rª;/ 1965 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd oxHòk r d evuOuUÏ/ 1968 ckEpS rf S 1970 jynfEh pS f txd weoFm&Dòr@d evu OuUÏ/ 1970-71 ckEpS w f iG f ucsiaf oewfuidk w f yf&if; (2)/ bm;tHòr d / xkrd S arSmb f AD v kd o f ifwef;ausmif;ok@d ajymif;a&$ cJo h nf? 1977 ckEpS f wGif trSwf (6) wkid ;f A[dak vhusiahf &;pcef;

20? oHjzLZ&yfòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? EdkifxGef;odef;/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? Edik x f eG ;f ode;f onf oHjzLZ&yfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (13 471) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 86) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;atmif'eG ;f .om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (31) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? Edik x f eG ;f ode;f onf 1938 ckEpS /f arvwGif t*Fvyd -f jrefrm (10) wef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif odyb H` @JG (B.Sc.) &&Scd o hJ nf? 1946 ckEpS w f iG f &mrnwdik ;f vH;k qdik &f m rGet f zG@J csKyf taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1947-48 ckEpS w f iG f usKd uu f rQ (D *) e,f ynmtky/f 1949 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd vufeufuikd f rGeaf jratmufawmfveS af &;tzG@J acgi;f aqmif/ 1958 ckEpS rf S 1963 ckEpS t f xd Oya'abmiftwGi;f rGejf ynf

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ol@wyfO;D tzG@J taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS rf S 1969 ckEpS t f xd armfvòrid f axmifwiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1969 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd armfvòrid òf r d / rGet f rsK;d om; ae@usi;f ya&;aumfrwD em,u/ rGepf mayòyid yf q JG yfaumfrwDOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? rGet f rsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J (A[d)k wGif OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ppftm%m&Sif rsm;u 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'ftm; taumiftxnfazmfray;ojzifh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;yg0ifonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yfukd r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (21) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJt h +y;D ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkEikd if aH &; ygwaD cgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfol Edik x f eG ;f ode;f tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? 2002 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD (pDtm&fyyD )D wd;k cs@J z@JG pnf;onft h cg rGet f rsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J . ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf yg0ifvmcJo h nf?

ol v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (148) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (4) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (152) OD;0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (11) ae&m/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (9) ae&m/ trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwrD S (4) ae&m/ òrd (ac: ) crDtrsK;d om; nD!w G af &; tzG@J EiS hf ureftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD;a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf?

(11) &cdkifjynfe,f?

1? ausmufawmfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmxGef;at;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mxGe;f at;onf ausmufawmfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (12 937) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (46 ² 84) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;aom=um/ trd a':rcdik af usmw h @kd rS 1954 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? rif;jym;òr d / atmuf&mG ydik ;f &yfuu G Zf mwdjzpfonf? a'guw f mxGe;f at; onf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;ESihf txufwef;ynm&yfrsm;udk rif;jym;awmifyikd ;f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;ESihf rif;jym;òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f oif=um;cJ&h m (8) wef;wGif *k%x f ;l (2) bmom/ tajccHynm txufwef;wGif *k%x f ;l (3) bmomjzifh xl;c|epf mG atmifjrifco hJ jzifh a&$wq H yd q f rk sm;cs;D jri jhf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (2)/ &efuek o f @kd 0ifciG &hf &Sd cJo h nf? 1975 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifacgi;f aqmifcI hJ &ufaygi;f (140) cef@zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? xd@k aemuf ausmif;jyef wufciG &hf cJo h nf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f a':vSat;EkEiS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f q&m0efb@JG &&Scd hJ onf? ajrmufOuUvmyaq;¶Hw k iG f tvkyo f ifq&m0eftjzpf (1) ESpw f m0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd ausmufawmfòr d e,for0g,raq;cef;q&m0ef/ xd@k aemuf tvkyrf x S u G I f &cdik f 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f twGi;f a&;rª; (1) tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ausmufawmfòr d wGif ud, k yf ikd af q;ukcef; zGiv hf pS af exdik o f nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,fomG ;onft h wGuf a'guw f mxGe;f at;onf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+yD; woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&dS oGm;cJ&h onf?

jrefrmEdik if . H taemufbuftusq;kH jynfe,fjzpfonf? taemufajrmufbufwiG f b*Fvm; a'h&fS orRwEdik if /H ajrmufbufwiG f csi;f jynfe,f/ ta&S bufwiG f rauG;wdik ;f / yJc;l wdik ;f ESi{hf &m0wDwikd ;f / taemuf bufEiS ahf wmifbufwiG f b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfw@kd wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (17) 'D*&D (30) rdepfEiS hf (21) 'D*&D (30) rdepftwGi;f / ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (92) 'D*&D (10) rdepfEiS hf (94) 'D*&D (50) rdepftwGi;f wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (14 200) us,0f ef;onf? jynfe,fòr d awmfrmS ppfawGòr d jzpfonf? &cdik jf ynfe,fwiG f rJqENe,f (26) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (20) cktm; ud, k pf m;ðy ,SOòf yid f

2? ausmufawmfòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pHomatmif/ òr (ac: ) crD trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@? OD;pHomatmifonf ausmufawmfòrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif òrd (ac: ) crDtrsKd;om; nD!Gwfa&; tzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (15 801) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (55 ² 44) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1942 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (28) &ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? OD;pH+yde@f .om;jzpfonf? OD;pHomatmifonf 1963 ckEpS w f iG f wef;jrifah usmif;xGuf pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifchJ onf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f rlvwef;q&mtjzpf tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyo f rm;a&;&moifwef; wufa&mufcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ygwDuvyfpnf;acgif;aqmif/ ygwDpdwfaumfrwD/ ygwD pdwftwGif;a&;rª;/ xdk@aemuf òrd e,fjynfol@aumifpDtzGJ@0if/ tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh twGif;a&;rª;wm0efwdk@udkaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wGif òrd (ac: ) crD

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@udkwnfaxmifI A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ OuUÏwm0ef,lcJhonf? 2005 ckESpfwGif &efukefwdkif;/ arSmfbDòrd e,f anmifESpfyifpcef;Y qufvufusif;ycJhonfh etztrsKd;om; nDvmcHodk@ a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@rS yg0ifwufa&mufcJh onf? 3? ausmufjzLòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;qef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef;armifonf ausmufjzLòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 848) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 00) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;omxGe;f pH.om; jzpfonf? 1926 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (11) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? ausmufjzLòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif ausmufjzLòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmf (av) od@k 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS w f iG f aròr d wyfr awmf (=unf;) Adv k o f ifwef;od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? taumif;qH;k u'uf (Cadet) &cJo h nf? wyfprk ;ª oif wef;/ wyfcrGJ ;ª oifwef;/ tkycf sKyfro _ ifwef;/ t&m&Sid ,fOya'oifwef;wk@d ukd wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f trSwf (117) ajcjrefwyf&if;wGif wyf&if;rª; ('kAv dk rf ;ª }u;D tqif)h / 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f e,fbuf tk;d tdrOf ;D pD;Xmeok@d ajymif;a&$@tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfrS Adv k rf ;ª tqihjf zifh t+ird ;f pm;,lchJ onf? tk;d tdrOf ;D pD;XmewGif txl;t&m&S?d xdrk S twGi;f a&;rª; (tk;d tdraf umfrwD)/ 1986 ckEpS w f iG f oufjynfh yifpif,cl o hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS t f wGi;f t*Fvef/ tar&duef/ tpPa&;/ taemuf*smr%D/ awmifu&kd ;D ,m;wk@d o@dk Ekid if w H m0efjziho f mG ;a&mufco hJ nf? 4? ausmufjzLòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wif}uD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wif}u;D onf ausmufjzLòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 289) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (77 ² 34) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1926 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? OD;apmxGe;f OD;.om; jzpfonf? OD;wif}u;D onf 1942 ckEpS w f iG f ausmufjzLòrd / jrLeDpyD ,fausmif;wGif (7) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? *syefacwfwiG f *syefpum;jyefvyk cf o hJ nf? 1945-46 ckEpS w f iG f ppf&w J yf&if;trSwf (20) od@k 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? wyf=uyf/ xkrd S 1949 ckEpS w f iG f wyf&if;w&if;vH;k awmck&d mwGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? 1950 jynfEh pS w f iG f tvif;0ifco hJ nf? xdak emuf ppf&w J yf&if;trSwf (1) wGif jyefvnftr_xrf;cJo h nf? (9) vcef@tr_xrf;+y;D aemuf xGucf o hJ nf? ,if;aemuf ukeo f nfvyk if ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? ausmufjzLòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f b¾ma&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1997 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (5) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif;a=unmcJo h nf[k 1997 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (6) &ufae@ etz. jrefrmhowif;v$m at-0084 (tdik )f wGif azmfjyxm;onf?

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5? *Gòr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;nDyk/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;nDyo k nf *Gòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS f òydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 931) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 93) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &ckid v f rl sK;d / Ak'b < mom0ifjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f az/ trd a': jrOD;wk@d rS 1955 ckEpS /f {+yv D (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? *Gòr d e,f/ &ckid u f iG ;f aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f 'orwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1983 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f 0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S Oya'bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek òf r d od@k ajymif;a&$ aexkid +f y;D 1976 ckEpS w f iG f w,fvzD ;Hk ±H;k napmif/h xk@d aemuf uke;f vrf;yd@k aqmifa&;wGif ynmoifb0rS pwifI pma&;0efxrf;tqifhtxd 1988 ckESpftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf Zmwdaus;&Gmodk@ jyefvnftajccsaexdik cf o hJ nf? *Gòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;aumfrwDtwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpf onf? 6? ppfawGòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;a&$,/ ureftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a&$,onf ppfawGòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif ureftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (9 821) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (32 ² 38) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1955 ckEpS /f {+yv D (7) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;a&$armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;a&$, onf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f ajryHòk r d e,ftaxGaxGtyk cf sKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme pma&;0efxrf;/ xd@k aemuf 1986 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyrf ES w k x f u G +f y;D a&S aetjzpfvu kd yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? Oya'bG@J (t,fvt f ,fvb f )D &cJo h nf? a&G; aumufyw JG iG , f OS òf ydib f ufjzpfol &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS OD;armifomZHu a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f cJo h jzifh a&G;aumufycJG t kH rSwf (4) wGif =um;emppfaq;r_ccH &hJ onf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@wiG f e0wtrde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh ureftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? ureftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfukd zsuo f rd ;f vdu k o f nft h wGuf OD;a&$,onf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD; yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJ&h onf? 7? ppfawGòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pHxGef;(c)vljzL/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHxeG ;f (c) OD;vljzLonf ppfawGòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (8 819) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (29 ² 75) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;jrOD;/ trd a':pHvjS zLwd@k rS 1925 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (15) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pHxeG ;f (c) OD;vljzLonf ppfawGòr d t*Fvyd o f v D &Siaf usmif;/ &efuek òf r d tpd;k & [du k pf ul; ausmif;wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh&m 1942 ckESpfwGif ppfjzpfvmojzifh (9) wef;ausmif;om;b0wGif

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ausmif;xGucf &hJ onf? 1943 ckEpS w f iG f ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf/ tvHck si;f acsmif;pcef;/ wyf&if; (2)/ wyfcJG (1) wGif wyfom;/ xd@k aemuf 1943 ckEpS w f iG f r*Fvm'Hk yxrywft=uyfoifwef;ok@d wufciG &hf I wyf=uyfuav;&mxl;jzifh ausmif;qif;cJo h nf? ysO;f rem;wyf&if; (6) pufaoewf}u;D wyfcw JG iG f wm0ef usonf? xdrk S taemufyikd ;f wdik ;f / wdik ;f rª; Adv k &f efatmif. wdik ;f (7) o&ufo@kd ajymif;a&$@co hJ nf? awmfveS f a&;t+y;D wGif yJc;l wdik ;f rª; Adv k af usmaf Zm. wdik ;f (4) wGif wyfprk ;ª / rsK;d cspw f yfrawmfukd uENpD mcsKyft& zsuo f rd ;f csed w f iG f t&mcHAv kd /f ,if;aemuf rnfonfEh ikd if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;wGirf rS yg0ifbJ tdik b f yD D a&eHjzef@jzL; a&;ud, k pf m;vS,f vkyaf ecJo h nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0ifqw k q H yd /f vGwv f yfa&;pnf;¶H;k r_wq H yd /f vGwf ajrmufa&;wHqyd w f @kd &cJo h nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; y,fzsuf vdu k af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD kd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,fomG ;onft h wGuf OD;pHxeG ;f (c) OD;vljzLonf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGif od@k a&muf&o dS mG ;cJ&h onf?

axG tkycf sKyfa&;OD;pD;XmeESihf òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifp¶D ;kH wd@k wiG f pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf (11) ESpcf ef@ wm0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f pmay;pm,ljzifh Oya'bG@J ajzqdak tmifjrifco hJ nf? xdak emuf A[dk w&m;¶H;k a&S aetjzpf vdu k yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? òrd e,fabmvH;k toif;enf;jy/ &yfuu G pf m=unfw h u kd f OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ayguaf wmòrd e,f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf hJ onf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,f oGm;onft h wGuf OD;boef;onfygwrD jhJ zpf oGm;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJ&h onf?

8? awmifuw k òf r e,frq J ENe,f? OD;ausmfcdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmcf ikd o f nf awmifuw k òf r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (27 431) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 75) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? awmifuw k òf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb/ trd a':v_id w f @dk rS 1923 ckEpS /f arv (23) &uf ae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausmcf idk o f nf uif;armf&mG tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrif cJo h nf? 1941 ckEpS w f iG f a': jr=uLESiv hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf pS I awmifuw k òf rd /azmifawmfO;D apwDa*gyutzJ@G 0if/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òr d e,fvðkH caH &; udw k m0ef,cl o hJ nf? aq;±Hak umfrwD/ q&mrdbtoif;/ oHCmhaq;±Hpk aomvlra_ &;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif yg0if aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1999 ckEpS /f rwfv (30) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1452) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tyg t0ifjzpfonf?

10? aygufawmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmxGe;f pdeo f nf ayguaf wmòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (3 528) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (32 ² 49) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ayguaf wmòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f vSjzL/ trd a':yef;cdik w f @kd rS 1957 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? &cdik v f rl sK;d / Ak'b < mom0ifjzpfonf? OD;apmxGe;f pdeo f nf aygufawmòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawGòrd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (4) wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 'orwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1977-78 ckEpS w f iG f ppfawGaumvdyrf S pufjyif'yD vdrk m &&Scd I hJ 1982 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S Oya'bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? trSwf (1) wuUov kd af vhusiahf &;wyfwiG f tajccHppfynmESihf wef;jrifph pfynmbmom&yfrsm; oif=um;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f a': jr ode;f ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vdu k yf gaqmif&u G t f oufarG;onf? ayguaf wmòr d e,f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfysufjy,foGm;onfhtwGuf OD;apmxGef;pdefonf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJ&h onf?

9? aygufawmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;boef;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;boef;onf ayguaf wmòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (9 216) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f ( 60 ² 12) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1948 ckEpS /f rwfv (10) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;ausmZf OH ;D .om; jzpfonf? &cdik t f rsK;d om;/ Ak'b < mom0ifjzpfonf? OD;boef;onf ayguaf wmòr d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ xd@k aemuf uefawmf uav;tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ Adv k w f axmif tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (5)/ vli,fah &;&mausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 'orwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? ayguaf wmòr d e,f taxG

11? ykÀm;u|ef;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifxeG ;f pdeo f nf ykÀm;u|e;f òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 251) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (38 ² 17)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cH cJ&h onf? ppfawGòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;apmvS/ trd a':apmomwd@k rS 1949 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (31) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifxeG ;f pdeo f nf ppfawGòr d td;k wef;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ pde@f tifu h eG Af ifw h @kd wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / e0rwef;wGif ocsmF vl&nfc|e&f cJo h nf? xd@k aemuf ykord af umvdyf ESihf &efuek w f uUov kd w f @kd wiG f qufvufynmoif=um;cJ&h m "mwkaA't"dujzifh odyb H` @JG &&Scd o hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd tpd;k &&ufuef;ausmif;wGif odyeH` nf;jy/ oabFmvkyif ef;XmecGJ (ppfawG) wGif aiGpm&if;udik /f 1976 ckEpS w f iG f odrjf zL tm,kaA 'aq;odyrH` S wdik ;f &if;aq;ynm&yfukd ESpb f mom*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? tm;upm;/ pm=unfw h u kd pf onfh vlra_ &;vkyif ef;rsm;tjyif &efuek w f uUov kd f &cdik f

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; (wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; pmayESi, hf Ofaus;r_aumfrwD) wGif jyef=um;a&;rª; tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? wdik ;f &if;aq;ynmjzifh aq;0g;ukoonfv h yk if ef; vkyu f ikd t f oufarG;onf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,fomG ;onft h wGuf OD;atmifxeG ;f pdeo f nf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJ&h onf? 2006 ckEpS f {+yv D wGif jynfyok@d xu G cf mG vm+yD; xkid ;f -jrefrme,fpyfo@dk a&muf&o dS nf?

Zmwdjzpfonf? 1934 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? OD;a&Smrf vku. f om; jzpfonf? OD;wifarmif (c) Ek&t f mrufonf =uufurf;jyifwzJG uftpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ armif;awmòr d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;ESihf ppfawGòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D (10) wef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 195456 ckEpS w f iG f use;f rma&;oifwef;ausmif;rS use;f rma&;rª;oifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1957 ckEpS rf S 1969 ckEpS t f xd use;f rma&;Xme iSuzf sm;a&m*gr;ª tjzpf ppfawG/ bl;oD;awmifw@kd wiG f wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS w f iG f use;f rma&;a=umifh tvkyrf ES w k x f u G cf +hJ y;D ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;twGuf e,fpyfjzwfausmcf jhJ cif;a=umifh oufqikd &f mvl0efr}_ uD;=uyfa&;XmerS ¶H;k wif w&m;pGq J I kd '%faiG (70d§-) csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? bl;oD;awmifòrd e,f trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&; 'Drkd u&ufwpfygwD OuUÏ/ XmecsKyfA[dak umfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

12? bl;oD;awmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfrif; (c) rmarmufa&Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[muf/ trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;ausmrf if; (c) rmarmufa&Smif¶t _ maemf*v l ma[mufonf bl;oD;awmifòr d e,f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwt D m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (30 997) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 39) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? bl;oD;awmif òr d e,f/ rdausmif;aps;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;azmfaZmfa&mfref;/ trd a':avrefcgww l @kd rS 1953 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausmrf if; (c) rmarmufa&Smif¶t _ maemf*v l ma[mufonf rdausmif;aps;&Gmtpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif;/ awmifbZmtpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bl;oD;awmifòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawGòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S bDurG ;f bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f ppfawGòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1983 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;'Dyvdrk mbG@J &&Scd +hJ y;D / bl;oD;awmifòr d e,f vufaxmufynma&;rª;/ 1985 ckEpS w f iG f tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyt f jzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc&hJ mrS 1350 jynfEh pS /f ta&;awmfyu kH mvtwGi;f bl;oD;awmifòr d e,f ausmif;q&mor*~ukd OD;aqmifco hJ jzifh 1989 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif tvkyrf S xkwyf ,fccH &hJ onf? trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&; 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD (r-v-'y) wGif A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2002 ckEpS /f 'DZif bmv (4) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwD. tzG@J 0ifwOD;jzpfvmcJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS /f rwfv (17) &ufae@nwGif tm%mydik f rsm;u wmarGòr d e,faetdro f @kd vma&mufzrf;qD;oGm;cJ+h y;D arv (5) &ufae@wiG f wzef ZeD;a':acgwZD m/ orD;}u;D rcifcifEEk iS o hf rD;i,f ra0a0Ekw@kd (3) OD;tm; xyfrzH rf;qD;cJo h nf? om;}u;D armifErk efrmS rlv u wdr;f a&SmifaecJah omfvnf; aemufyikd ;f wGif rdom;pktm;iJI h tzrf;cHco hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (29) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdeaf xmifwiG ;f w&m;¶H;k rS OD;ausmrf if;tm; axmif'%f (47) ESp/f OD;ausmrf if;.ZeD;ESihf om;orD; (3) OD;tm; axmif'%f (17) ESppf D toD;oD;uscaH p&ef jypf'%fcsrw S cf o hJ nf?

14? rif;jym;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifjrifh/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifjrifo h nf rif;jym;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (12 301) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 2) jzifh a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? &rf;+AJòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndKcsr;f atmif/ trd a':ESi;f ykw@kd rS 1938 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (16)&ufae@wiG af rG; zGm;cJo h nf? OD;armifjrifo h nf &rf;jAòJ r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef; atmif jrifcI hJ ausmufjzLaumvdy/f &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd w f @kd rS 0dZm bG@J (ordik ;f ) &&Scd o hJ nf? use;f rma&;rª; oifwef;ESihf txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGw J @kd uakd tmifjrifc+hJ y;D use;f rma&;rª;/ xd@k aemuf txufwef;a&S ae tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS f wGif a': jrifah rESiv hf ufxyfco hJ nf? rif;jym;òr d e,f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfwiG f OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,fomG ;onft h wGuf OD;armifjrifo h nf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJ&h onf?

13? bl;oD;awmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifarmif (c) Ek&ftmruf/ trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;wifarmif (c) Ek&t f mrufonf bl;oD;awmifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; vl@tcGihf ta&;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwt D m; ud, k pf m;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (20 045) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (49 ² 93) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? bl;oD;awmifòrd e,f/ zHn k Kd vdyaf us;&Gm

15? rif;jym;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;0if;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f 0if;onf rif;jym;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (11 899) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 24) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? rif;jym;òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;bpH/ trd a':ode;f arwd@k rS 1941 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;xGe;f 0if;onf i,fpOfuyif &efuek òf rd od@k omG ;a&mufI avmuD/ avm ukw&W mpmayrsm;oif,cl &hJ m bDatbG@J EiS hf "rRmp&d,bG@J w@kd &&Scd o hJ nf? vkyo f m;rsm;aumfvyd w f iG f tcsed yf ikd ;f enf;jyq&m/ ppfawGòrd e,for0g,r/ &cdik jf ynfe,f/ òrd e,for0g,rtoif;pkw@kd wiG f refae*smtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ppfawGòr d / jyify0dZm ESihf wuUov kd pf may;pm,loifwef;/ apwemnausmif;wd@k wiG f (10) ESpaf usmf apwemq&mESihf OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ppfawGòr d e,f/ ynmoifaxmufyahH &; aumfrwD (wuUodkvfaumvdyfbGJ@&) OuUÏ/ &cdkifo[m,toif; twGif;a&;rª;/ &cdkifvli,ftoif; OuUÏ/

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283

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

&efuek w f uUov kd yf gVpd maytoif; twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? jyifxeG ;f 0if; (bDat/ "rRmp&d,)/ xGe;f 0if; (&efuek w f uUov kd )f / wuUov kd cf ikd Zf m0if; uavmiftrnfw@kd jzifh pmayrsm;a&;om;cJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d)k b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm;y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyyf sujf y,fomG ;onft h wGuf OD;xGe;f 0if;onf ygwrD jhJ zpf oGm;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJ&h onf?

vdkufygaqmif&GuftoufarG;cJhonf? trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif A[dktvkyf tr_aqmifwm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

16? armifawmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;tDjAm[def;(c) OD;cspfvGif/ trsKd;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;tDjAm[de;f (c) OD;cspv f iG o f nf armifawmòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; vl@ tcGiahf &; 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD (r-v-'-y) tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (12 620) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (50 ² 97) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? armifawmòr d e,f/ òr d ol}u;D &GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz [m*sD OD;qD'Dtmruf/ trd a':tifwD[mcgwlwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1) &uf ae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;tDjAm[de;f (c) OD;cspv f iG o f nf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ynm&yfrsm;udk òr d ol}u;D &Gmtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ armifawmòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ESihf ppfawGòr d OD;atmifvZS H ausmif;wd@k wiG f oif=um;cJo h nf? 1963-64 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufonf? 0g%Zd b @JG (pm&if;udik /f pm&if;ppf)udk 1966-67 ckEpS w f iG f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS w f iG f bG@J veG pf ;D yGm;a&;pDru H ed ;f ynm 'Dyvdrk mudk &efuek pf ;D yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S *k%x f ;l jzifah tmifjrifcI hJ 1982 ckEpS w f iG f rSwyf w kH ifa&S aepmar;yGJ (tm&ft,fv)f atmifjrifco hJ nf? w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpfvu kd yf gaqmif&u G t f oufarG;onf? 0efxrf; tjzpf 1967 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd pDrb H ¾m0ef}uD;Xme pm&if;udik o f ifwef;enf;jy acwWausmif; tky}f uD;/ a'oaumvdyf ¶H;k vkyif ef;twwfynmpmppfr;ª wm0efw@kd ukd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? trsK;d om; vl@tcGiahf &;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD (r-v-'-y) wGif A[dOk uUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 17? armifawmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf/ trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;azmfaZmftmarmufonf armifawmòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;vl@tcGihf ta&; 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwt D m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH (J 24 881) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (42 ² 73) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? armif;awmòr d e,f/ tdwmvsmaus;&Gmtkypf /k bmqlb&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;r[mrufumvl/ trd a':0kvaf r&fw@kd rS 1941 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? arG;csi;f (7) a,mufteuf 'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfonf? OD;azmfaZmftmarmufonf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif armif;awm tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifah usmif;xGuv f ufrw S &f pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1961 ckEpS w f iG f e,fjcm;a'otkycf sKyaf &;Xme. ar,ke,fjcm;c¶dik 0f efvufatmufwiG f pma&;0efxrf;/ xd@k aemuf jynfol@aumifpD¶Hk;/ taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmewGif txufwef;pma&;/ ¶Hk;tkyfpma&;}uD;tjzpf armif;awm/ bl;oD;awmif/ ausmufawmf/ ausmufjzL/ awmifuw k Ef iS hf ppfawGòr d rsm;wGif tr_xrf;cJo h nf? txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGaJ jzqdak tmifjrifco hJ jzifh 1985 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyrf t S +ird ;f pm;,lc+hJ y;D / a&S aetjzpf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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18? rmefatmifòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;odef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f armifonf rmefatmifòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðy I 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 781) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 47) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;0Hx;D atmif.om;jzpfonf? 1951 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (9) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? armif;awm òr d e,f/ uke;f wef&mG awmifyikd ;f Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;ode;f armifonf q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ausmif;rSxu G I f rdbESit hf wl v,f,mvkyif ef;vkyu f ikd I f tdraf xmifus+y;D aomtcg aps;onfvyk if ef;jzihf toufarG;cJo h nf? jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwo D @dk 0if+y;D uvmyfpnf;acgi;f aqmifwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfo@kd 0ifa&muf+y;D 1989 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (18) &ufae@rpS I rmef atmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 19? ajryHòk r e,frq J ENe,f?

OD;jzLpdefOD;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jzLpdeOf ;D onf ajryHòk r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf ,SOòf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (10 763) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (43 ² 0) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;armifjzL.om; jzpfonf? 1934 ckEpS /f rwfv (3) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? ajryHòk r d e,f/ =uufa&u|e;f aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;jzLpdef OD;onf 1954 ckEpS w f iG f =uufa&u|e;f aus;&Gm rlvwef;ausmif;rS rlvwef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / 1962 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1967 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;q&m tjzpftr_xrf;cJI h 1978-79 ckEpS w f iG f 'Dyt D ;D 'Db@JG &&Scd o hJ nf? txufwef;jy ausmif;q&mtjzpf (2) ESpt f r_xrf;cJ+h y;D aemuf 1988 ckEpS /f ZGev f (22) &ufae@wiG f emruse;f yifpif,cl o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1414) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6)&ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf aS =unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD kd ua&pDtzG@J csKyyf sujf y,fomG ;onft h wGuf OD;jzLpdeOf ;D onf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+yD;woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJo h nf? 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf?

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1414) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvqef; 14 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 2 &uf)

xrf;/ 1955 ckEpS rf S 1963 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v;c¶dik f q&m0ef}u;D / aq;¶Hk tky}f u;D / orm;awmf}u;D ESihf rE aW v; aq;wuUov kd f aq;ynmXmerª;/ 1975 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd ¶dx k &Dtoif; rE aW v;XmecGOJ uUÏ/ &efuek òf r d &Sd &cdik o f [m,toif; OuUÏ/ &cdik "f rRm¶Hak qmufvyk af &; em,u/ 1983 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd &efuek òf r d &cdik o f [m,toif; OuUÏ/ 1958 ckEpS w f iG f urBmah q;ynm&Sirf sm;zvS,af omtpDtpOft& tar&duefEikd if w H iG f (2) vESihf +Aw d ed Ef ikd if w H iG f &ufow (W 3) ywfww d d avhvmcGi&hf cJo h nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f w¶kwjf ynfo@l orRwEdik if . H zdw=f um;csut f & yg&*lrsm;tzG@J uOkd ;D aqmifI &ufowW (3) ywfomG ;a&muf avhvmcJo h nf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,l+y;D aemuf 1979 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd a[mifaumif&dS aq;¶H}k uD; (2) ckwiG f oGm;a&muftr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f Edik if jH cm;rSjyefa&mufvm+yD;aemuf &efuek òf r d &Sd A[ef;òr d e,fZ0D w d 'geoHCmhaq;¶HEk iS hf oDv&Sirf sm;aq;¶Hw k iG f apwemorm;awmf}u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (21) &ufae@wiG af =unmcJt h +yD; ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk Edik if aH &;ygwaD cgi;f aqmif wOD;jzpfol OD;apmjratmiftm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpJG jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDrS a'guw f mOD;apmjratmiftm; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf OuUÏtjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af =umif;a=unmcJo h nf? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ &mrS 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (13) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf aS =unmcJh onf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfysujf y,fomG ;onft h wGuf OD;apmjratmifonf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD; yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJo h nf? ZeD;rSm a':apmwifjzpf+y;D / om;orD;ig;OD;xGe;f um;onf?

ta=umif;t&m ?

? OD;jzLpdeOf ;D tm; &cdik jf ynfe,f/ ajryHòk r e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f &cdik jf ynfe,f/ ajryHòk rd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;jzLpdeOf ;D u rdro d nf touft&G,}f u;D &if+h y;D use;f rma&;raumif;onft h jyif ygwED ikd if aH &;udv k nf; pdw0f ifpm;r_v;kH 0r&Sad wmh ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;jzLpdeOf ;D .wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;jzLpdeOf ;D tm; ,ae@rpS I ajryHòk r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

20? ajrmufOD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmjratmif/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufO;D òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 322) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;apmvSatmif/ trd a':oef;pHO;D wd@k rS 1908 ckEpS /f {+yv D (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ajrmufO;D òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufO;D òr d Y rlvwef;/ ppfawGòr d Y tv,fwef;/ &efuek òr d Y txufwef; ynmrsm;oif,al tmifjrifc+hJ y;D / 1942 ckEpS /f 'kw, d urBmppf}u;D jzpfymG ;onft h csed t f xd &efuek òf r d wGif aq;ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1943 ckEpS w f iG f tdE, dN Edik if /H bHak bòr d Y aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvufoif=um;cJh &m 1947 ckEpS /f arvwGif q&m0efb@JG / trfbb D t D ufpf (bHak b) &&Scd o hJ nf? 1947 ckEpS rf pS I Edik if 0H efxrf;tjzpf (2) ESpaf qmif&u G cf +hJ y;D / +Aw d ed Ef ikd if w H iG f (4) ESp=f um vufawG@tr_xrf;&if; aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm; qufvufoif=um;cJ&h m bG@J veG 'f yD vdrk m'Dpt D w d cf sb f @JG (DCH) vef'efEiS hf tufzt f m&fpyD b D @JG (FRCP) *vyfpud;k yg&*lb@JG rsm; &&Scd o hJ nf? 1954 ckEpS rf pS I Edik if 0hH ef

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

287

21? ajrmufOD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;atmifvSZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;atmifvZS o H nf ajrmufO;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 861) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 63) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ajrmufO;D òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspaf pmOD;/ trd a':=umndKwd@k rS 1927 ckEpS /f pufwif bmv (19) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifvZS o H nf ajrmufO;D òr d / pyg;qdyt f pd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ ajrmufO;D òr d jrefrmtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawGòr d tpd;k &aemfrefausmif;/ &efuek w f uUov kd w f @kd wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0dZm (bDurG ;f ) bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS w f iG f ausmufawmfòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1955 ckEpS w f iG f A[dpk m&if;tif;ESiphf ;D yGm;a&;Xme pm&if;tif; t&m&S/d xd@k aemuf tvkyrf ES w k x f u G I f 1956 ckEpS w f iG f OD;atmifvZS yH nmoifausmif;udk wnfaxmifchJ onf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf aS =unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ysujf y,f oGm;onft h wGuf OD;atmifvZS o H nf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJo h nf?

288

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

OD;atmifvSZH

tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f ppfawGjrLeDpyD ,fa&G; aumufyw JG iG t f a&G;cHc&hJ onf? 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (21) &ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfòrd Y jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfjyifqifz@JG pnf;onft h cg tvkyo f rm;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (7) &ufae@wiG f tdik , f mvefEikd if /H 'A vifòrd Y !Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyefvnf jyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg Xmevufudkifr&Sd0ef}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ rwfv (23) &ufae@ tar&duefEikd if /H 0g&iS w f efòrd awmfwiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvn zf @JG pnf;csed t f xd 0ef}u;D tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@wiG f &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfysujf y,fomG ;onft h wGuf OD;OD;omEd@k onf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&dS oGm;cJ&h onf? ,ck tdE, dN Ekid if w H iG af exkid o f nf?

(B.Econ.)

t+idrf;pm;/ ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;/ ajrmufOD;òr touf (68) ESpf ajrmufO;D òr d / pyg;qdy&f yfae (OD;cspaf pmOD;-a':=umndK) wd@k . om;/ ppfawGòr d / yg'vdycf syd &f yfae t+idr;f pm;ta&;ydik f (OD;pHxeG ;f OD;-a':apmjr)wd@k . om;oruf/ ajrmufO;D òrd / ukeo f nfwef;&yfae a':pH omjzL. cifyeG ;f / OD;OD;vSapm-a':tEG@J acs (orOD;pD;/ ajrmufO;D òrd )/ a': jzLjzLZH-OD;xGe;f ndK/ a'guw f m at;armifZ-H a':apma&$jr/ a':cdik cf ikd Zf H (txu/ ajrmufO;D òr d )/ a': jrjrZH (pm&if;¶H;k / ajrmufO;D òr d / OD;vS0if; (NSSPL-pifumyl)/ csKZd aH rmifw@kd . arG;ozcif/ ajr; (9) a,mufw@kd . tbd;k &Sio f nf 1993 ck/ Zlvikd v f (30) &uf(aom=umae@) n (11 ; 40) em&DwiG f ajrmufO;D òr d aetdrYf uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygojzifh ºuiG ;f usef aom¶kyu f vmyfu(kd 2-8-93) &ufae@ (wevFm) ae@wiG f ajrmufO;D òr d Y oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfyga=umif;? usef&pfolrdom;pk 22? &aohawmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;armifºuif;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifºuiG ;f atmifonf &aohawmifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (7 310) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (37 ² 25) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &aohawmifòr d e,f/ jrif;uHanmif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmZf aH tmif/ trd a':vSaemfO;D wk@d rS 1944 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;armifºuiG ;f atmifonf uHjyifaus;&Gmtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ xlaxmifaus;&Gmtpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ ppfawGòr d OD;atmifvZS H tvGwyf nmoifausmif;wk@d wiG yf nmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / e0rwef;wGif ausmif;rSxu G cf o hJ nf? ukeo f nftjzpf toufarG;onf? &aohawmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? 2004 ckESpfwGif tm%mydkifrsm;rS enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh EkwfxGuf&efzdtm;ay;+cdrf;ajcmufcJh+yD; Ekwx f u G rf ay;ojzifh òrd e,fausmcf &D;oëm;vmcëihf ydwyf ifxm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

24? &rf;jAJòr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrarmifonf &rf;jAJòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf ,SOòf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 322) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (79 ² 43) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;zk;d wif/ trd a':apmjrOD;wk@d rS 1938 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;jrarmifonf &rf;jAòJ r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;xGuv f ufrw S &f pmar;yJG atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ynma&;XmewGif tv,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf tESpf (30) cef@ tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1957 ckEpS w f iG f &rf;jAòJ r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;om;or*~ tvkyf tr_aqmif/ 1958 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd &rf;jAòJ r d tmp&d,or*~ tvkyt f r_aqmif/ &rf;jAòJ r d ynma&; Xme aiGpak iGacs;toif; b¾ma&;rª;/ &rf;jAJòrd e,f Ak'b < momvli,frsm;toif; twGi;f a&;rª;/ wku d f (7) awmifb&k m;a*gyu twGi;f a&;rª;/ òr d rpm=unfw h u dk f OuUÏ/ ykvyk af wmiftpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; rdbq&mtoif;OuUÏwm0efw@dk tjyif 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òr d jy,m,Dtyk cf sKyfa&; OuUÏ/ oydww f yfz@GJ OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfykH }uD;umvtwGi;f OD;ausmaf t;. aetdrzf suq f ;D &mwGif yg0ifonf[t k pGypf cGJ &H +yD; (7) vcef@ zrf;qD; xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf &cdik jf ynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J 0ifEiS hf &rf;+AòJ r d e,fOuUÏ tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

23? &aohawmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;OD;omEdk@/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;OD;omEd@k onf &aohawmifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (7 987) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (42 ² 23) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;aumif;pH&/DS trd a':ESi;f omjzLwd@k rS 1934 ckEpS /f arv (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ppfawGòr d e,f/ qwf¶;kd usta&S buf&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;OD;omEd@k onf qwf¶;kd usta&S rlvwef;ausmif;/ 1951 ckEpS w f iG f vrf;rawmfajrmuftv,fwef;ausmif;ESihf ppfawGòr d tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (1) wd@k wiG f 1952 ckEpS t f xd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ppfawGòrd ausmif;om;or*~EiS hf vli,ftpnf;t¶H;k twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1958 ckEpS w f iG f w&m;a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ ud, k &f aH wmf&t J yk t f jzpf acwW

OD;xGef;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f &Donf oHwòJG rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (36 789) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (79 ² 28) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHchJ &onf? uif;armfZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;tke;f az/ trd a':pdet f w d @dk rS 1947 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (17) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;xGe;f &Donf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S odyH` (ocsmF ) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ajrwkid ;f OD;pD;XmewGif 1969 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd Xmepdwrf ;ª / zD*sED idk if H ukvor*~z@GH òz;d a&;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

290

289

25? oHwGJòr e,frJqENe,f?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

tpDtpOfvufatmufwiG f 1981 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd ajrwdik ;f t&m&S/d 1985 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd yg&*l/ xd@k aemuf ukeo f nfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpo k @kd w&m;0ifEikd if u H ;l vuf rSwjf zifx h u G cf mG vmcJ+h y;D aemuf tar&duefEikd if w H iG f aexdik cf iG ahf &Smufxm;+y;D aexdik o f nf?

ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (95) 'D*&D (45) rdepfEiS hf (96) 'D*&D (46) rdepftwGi;f wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef; rdik af ygi;f (3 928) us,0f ef;onf? wdik ;f òr d awmfrmS &efuek òf r d jzpfonf? &efuek w f ikd ;f wGif òr d e,f (42) òr d e,f&rdS q J ENe,f (61) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf; (46) ck tm; ud, k pf m;ðy,SOòf yid o f v l w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (379) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f avmif; (21) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (400) OD; 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (59) ae&m/ 'Dru kd a&pDygw/D 'Dru kd &ufwpfb@JG &ESihf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J w@kd rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD; a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf?

26? trf;òr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;ae0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ae0if;onf trf;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ (13 379) rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (67 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr muf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? trf;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aeOD;/ trd a':raomif;wk@d rS 1947 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ae0if;onf 1963 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd trf;òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1984 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bJ@G ukd pdwyf nmt"dujzihf &&Scd o hJ nf? a&$yef;xdrv f yk if ef;jzihf toufarG;onf? 1984 ckEpS w f iG f a':atmifr;dk wifEh iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf?

tv,fydkif;ajrjyef@vGifjyif.awmifbufqHk;tydkif;wGif wnf&Sdonf? awmifbufwGif uy`vyD ifv,f/ ta&S bufwiG f rGejf ynfe,f/ ta&S awmifbufwiG f rkwrW auG@/ ajrmufbufwiG f yJc;l wdik ;f / taemufbufwGif {&m0wDwdkif;wdk@wnf&Sdonf? b*Fvm;yifv,fatmftwGif;&Sd udkudk;u|ef;pkonf &efuek w f ikd ;f twGi;f yg0ifonf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (16) 'D*&D (20) rdepfEiS hf (17) 'D*&D (50) rdepftwGi;f /

1? urm&Gwfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) uAsmq&m}uD;rif;ok0%ftrnfjzifh xif&mS ;aom 0Àausmx f if oD&yd scH sD OD;0ef r[m0dZm (&efuek )f / B. Litt (OXON) onf urm&Gwòf r d e,frq J ENe,frS trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðy I 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (23 345) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 95) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1909 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (10) &uf (Ak'[ < ;l ) ae@wiG f [Hom0wDc¶dik /f uGr;f jcu H ek ;f òr d / awmifzuf urf;ta&S ydik ;f wGif ukeo f nfrsm;jzpf=uaom tz OD;vGr;f yif/ trd a':rdw@kd rS arG;zGm;cJo h nf? arG;csi;f (7) a,mufteuf 'kw, d ajrmufjzpf+y;D rGe-f jrefrm rsK;d ¶d;k jzpfonf? i,frnf armifv0S ef/ trnf&if; armif0ef jzpfonf? ESrti,fq;kH rwifErk mS uAsmq&mr Ek,Oftjzpf xif&mS ;onf? 1916 ckEpS w f iG f uGr;f jcu H ek ;f òr d / =um;ausmif;ac: a&$usiaf usmif;wdu k f (q&mOD;zd;k vdi_ af usmif;) wGif jrefrmpmpwifoif,o l nf? ausmif; tkyq f &mawmfrmS OD;ÁEN0o H jzpfI qXrwef;txdaecJo h nf? 1921 ckEpS /f ZGev f (21) &ufae@wiG f uGr;f jcH uke;f òr d trsK;d om;ausmif;zGiahf omtcg =um;ausmif;rSxu G I f trsK;d om;ausmif;opfwiG f t*Fvyd -f jrefrm (2) bmom pwifoif,cl o hJ nf? uAsma&;enf;udk ausmif;aezuf OD;tmumoef;xHro S if,cl o hJ nf? qXrwef;txdaecJo h nf? 1923 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (30) &uf ae@wiG f &efuek òf r d / q&mrSw}f u;D ausmif;ac: pde*f |e;f ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;od@k wufa&mufchJ onf? 1926 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif t*Fvyd -f jrefrm tv,fwef; ¡(7)wef;¢ paumvm;&Sppf mar;yGw J iG f pwkw& Iatmifjrifco hJ nf? tXrwef;rSpI q&mrSw}f uD;tdyf aqmifwiG f y&Dzufac: ausmif;om;rª;vkycf &hJ onf? usKH ;}u;D vrf;/ rif;}u;D uawmf a': jrar. Ak'b < mom rde;f uav;ausmif;wGizf iG o hf nfh nausmif;Y tywfwikd ;f tvSnu hf spmoifay;cJ&h onf? yxrqH;k yHEk ydS f azmfjycH&aomuAsmrSm 1926 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f xkwf '*kerf *~Zif; trSwf (71) wGiyf gaom rd;k &moDb@JG jzpfonf? uavmiftrnfrS pde*f |e;f aysmaf rmif0efjzpfonf? 1929 ckEpS /f rwfvwGiu f si;f yaom q,fwef; pmar;yGu J kd yx0Dbmom*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? ZGev f wGif ,leAD mpDwaD umvdyo f @kd wufa&mufchJ onf? yJc;l ausmif;aqmif tv,fxyf tcef;trSwf (91) wGiaf ecJo h nf? 1930 jynfEh pS Yf Oypmwef;wGif py,f&, S af usmif;om;tjzpfta&G;cH&I wESpt f wGi;f wGif 1930 jynfEh pS /f rwfvwGiu f si;f yaom Oypm txufwef;pmar;yGu J kd ajzqdak tmifjrifco hJ nf? ,if;ESpf rd;k &moDxw k f aumvdyrf *~Zif; twGJ (20)/ trSwf (1) wGif uAsmrsm; pwifxnfo h iG ;f azmfjyjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1931 ckEpS /f rwfvwGiu f si;f yaom yxrESpf 0dZm (jrefrmpm*k%x f ;l ) tprf;pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifco hJ nf? xdEk pS w f iG rf b d rsm;pD;yGm;ysuI f ausmif;rSxu G +f y;D uGr;f jcHuek ;f òrd trsK;d om;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyq f &m}uD;0ifvyk cf o hJ nf? uav;uAsmrsm;udk pwif

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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(12) &efuek w f ikd ;f ?

291

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&;om;cJo h nf? wuUov kd zf iG o hf nft h cg ygarmuQO;D azarmifwifrjS yefac:I tvkyrf x S u G +f y;D wuUov kd jf yef wufco hJ nf? 1933 ckEpS /f rwfvwGiu f si;f yaom 0dZm *k%x f ;l wef;udk jrefrmpmyxrtqifjh zifh atmifjrif cJo h nf? 1933 ckEpS /f ZGev f rS 1935 ckEpS /f arvtxd jrefrmpmXmewGif tcsed yf ikd ;f enf;jyq&m0ifvyk cf o hJ nf? yJc;l aqmifwiG v f nf; ausmif;aqmifenf;jyq&mvkycf +hJ y;D r[m0dZm wef;od@k tcsed yf ikd ;f wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1935 ckEpS /f rwfvwGiu f si;f yaom r[m0dZm jrefrmpm*k%x f ;l pmar;yGu J kd 'kw, d tqifjh zifah tmifjrifchJ onf? tcsed jf ynfeh nf;jy q&mtjzpfcef@tyfjcif;cHc&hJ I yif;,ausmif;aqmifo@kd ajymif;+y;D ausmif;aqmif enf;jyq&m tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? tqdyk gEpS rf sm;wGif wuUov kd af usmif;wdu k jf refrmtoif; twGi;f a&;rª;/ wuUov kd Af 'k b < momtoif; twGi;f a&;rª;/ aumvdyrf *~Zif; jrefrmydik ;f t,f'w D m/ *E W avmur*~Zif; t,f'w D mvkycf o hJ nf? wuUov kd af usmif;wdu k Af 'k b < momtoif;tm; wuUov kd f Ak'< bmomtoif;jzpfatmifaqmif&u G I f "rRm¶Hk tkwjf rpfcs&mwGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? 1936 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv wGif ynmoifq&k I t*FvefEikd if H atmufpzd@k wuUov kd o f @kd omG ;a&mufynmoif=um;cJo h nf? pdeu f uf o&if;ausmif;wGif ouUÉ/ ygV/d wdAuf/ taxGaxGbmom aA'ynm&yfrsm;udo k if,cl o hJ nf? 1938 ckEpS /f atmufwdkbmvwGif vef'efwuUodkvf ta&S wdkif;ESifhtmz&d ubmom&yfrsm;avhvma&;ausmif; (School of Oriental and African Studies) od@k ajymif;a&$ ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? tqdyk gausmif;rS a'guw f ma*satpwD;0yfxrH S (Lexicography) tbd"mefðypkenf;ynm qnf;yl;cJo h nf? 1939 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae@wiG u f si;f yaom atmufpzd@k wuUov kd b f @JG EiS ;f obifwiG f bDvpf (B. Litt.) ac: pmay0dZm bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? bG@J twGuf wifoiG ;f cJah ompmwef;rSm "Development of the Burmese Language in the Mediavel Period" jzpfonf? t*FvefEi kd if YH ynmoif=um;aepOftwGi;f Edik if aH &;a[majymyGrJ sm;od@k wufa&mufjcif;/ Edik if aH &;pmaytoif;0iftjzpf zwf¶a_ vhvmaqG;aEG;jcif;/ *smreD/ tDwvD/ jyifopfEikd if H rsm;od@k omG ;a&muf+y;D rdrEd ikd if v H w G v f yfa&;vrf;ptjzpf Edik if aH &;A[kow k rsm;ud&k mS rS;D um jrefrmEdik if o H @kd rsK;d csppf w d "f mwf&adS &;uAsmpmayrsm;udk a&;om;ay;yd@k co hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;&&Sad omtcg vGwv f yfa&; a=unmcsupf mwrf;udk ynm&Sirf sm;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f a&;om;cJo h nf? 1939 ckEpS /f pufwifbmvwGif jrefrmEdik if H od@k jyefvnfa&muf&cdS o hJ nf? atmufwb kd mv (1) &ufae@wiG f wuUov kd jf refrmpmXmeY vufaxmuf uxdutjzpftr_xrf;cJo h nf? jrefrmEdik if yH nmjyef@ymG ;a&;toif; aumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf;aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? 1942 ckEpS /f 'kw, d urBmppf}u;D twGi;f wGif ynma&;Xme bmomjyefpmayXmecGw J iG f tr_xrf;cJh onf? ynmhwcH eG t f oif;/ tbd"mefvyk if ef;udk OD;aqmifvyk u f ikd &f ef cef@xm;jcif;cH&ojzifh Zefe0g&v D (10) &ufae@wiG f uGr;f jcu H ek ;f òr d wGif pwifðypkco hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f anmifwek ;f òr d Y a':=unf=unfEiS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? om; (2) OD; armif^m%fp;kd / armifxifausmEf iS hf orD; rxm;csKd wd@k xGe;f um;cJo h nf? 1945 ckEpS /f {+yDv (7) &ufae@wiG f ppfab;tE &W m,fa=umifh tbd"mefvyk if ef;udk acwW&yfqikd ;f cJ&h onf? +Aw d o d #rsm;jyefa&mufI tkycf sKyfa&;udjk yefvnfvyk af qmifaomtcg uGr;f jcu H ek ;f ajrmufyikd ;f wGif òr d tkycf ef@xm;ojzifh (2) vcef@vyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? =o*kwv f (6) &ufae@wiG f &efuek òf r d / r*dv k rf;wGif ta&;ay:wuUov kd o f ifwef;rsm;zGiI hf jrefrmpmvufaxmufuxdutjzpf 0ifa&mufvyk f udik cf hJ onf? 1946 ckEpS /f ZGev f (1) &ufae@wiG f uxdutjzpf wd;k jri chf ef@xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1947 ckEpS f wGif tdE, dN Edik if /H a'vDòr d wGiu f si;f yaom tm&Swu kd q f ufqaH &;nDvmcHo@kd 0wfvakH wmf& OD;ausmjf rifh acgi;f aqmifaomtzG@J EiS hf wufa&mufco hJ nf? xdEk pS f jrefrmEdik if b H momjyefpmaytoif; jzpfay:vmaom

tcg a0g[m&aumfrwDwiG f 0ifa&mufvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1948 ckEpS /f ZGev f (1) &ufae@wiG f &efuek w f uUov kd f bmomjyef ESiphf mtkyx f w k af 0a&;XmezGiv hf pS +f yD; Xmerª;tjzpfaqmif&u G I f tbd"mefvyk if ef; jyefvnf vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? xdEk pS t f wGi;f wGif jrefrmEdik if t H ajccHOya' jrefrmpmpmrlukd ppfaq;avhvmt=uaH y;cJ&h onf? jrefrmEdik if H okawoetoif;tr_aqmiftzG@J wiG f 0ifa&mufaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? xdt k oif;*sme,f wGif pmwnf;tjzpfvyk cf o hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k e,l;a[Aifòr d a,;vfwuUov kd f wGif ajcmufvcef@ bmomaA'ynmqnf;yl;cJo h nf? 1953 ckEpS /f ZGev f (1) &ufae@wiG f &efuek w f uUov kd f bmomjyefEiS hf pmtkyx f w k af 0a&;XmewGif pmwnf;rª;tjzpf wd;k jri chf ef@xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1957 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvwGif jrefrmEdik if , H Ofaus;r_u, kd pf m;vS,t f zG@J EiS t hf wl w¶kwjf ynfo@l orRwEdik if /H qdAk , D uf ¶k&mS ;/ ydv k ef/ csuu f pkd vdAk ufu;D ,m;/ ta&S *smreDEikd if rH sm;od@k omG ;a&mufco hJ nf? wdyÉd u ygV-d jrefrm tbd"mefvyk if ef;/ rGe-f jrefrm tbd"mefvyk if ef;rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufun l cD o hJ nf? pmayAdrmef. jrefrmhp, G pf kH usr;f tzG@J / pmayqkay;a&;tzG@J / okcrdet f zG@J / yefwsmrlreS ðf yvkyaf &;aumfrw D /D ydÉuwfawmf jrefrmjyefaumf rwD/ Oya'bmomjyef aumfrwDw@kd wiG f 0ifa&mufaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1961 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@rS 1962 ckEpS /f arv (12) &ufae@txd wuUov kd jf refrmpmXmewGif ygarmuQtjzpftr_xrf;cJo h nf? atmuf wdb k mvwGif jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ ud, k pf m;vS,t f zG@J EiS t hf wl w¶kwjf ynfo@l orRwEdik if o H @kd oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? wuUov kd f pmtkyx f w k af 0jzef@csad &;aumfrw D D OuUÏ/ jrefrmEdik if o H rdik ;f aumfr&Sit f zG@J 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? 1962 ckEpS /f arv (13) &ufae@wiG f ygarmuQ&mxl;udpk eG @f vw $ +f y;D / bmomjyefEiS phf mtkyx f w k af 0a&; Xme wGif jyefvnftr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmEdik if H pmrwwfoyl aysmufa&;twGuf ouf}u;D pmoifenf; (0-x-u-v-o enf;) udk wDxiG cf o hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd b f momjyefEiS hf pmtkyf xkwaf 0a&;Xme pmwnf;rª;tjzpfrS t+ird ;f pm;,lcI hJ ynma&;Xmetxl;t&m&Sd (Officer on Special Duty) tjzpf qufvufaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f jrefrmEdik if o H ak woetoif; ESpf (60) jynfEh pS w f iG f toif;.OuUÏtjzpf a&G;cs,jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1971 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufae@wiG f ynma&; t&m&St d jzpfrS tem;,lco hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd *syefEikd if /H tdq k mum Edik if jH cm;bmomoif wuUov kd Yf {nfyh garmuQtjzpfomG ;a&muf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? OD;0ef (q&m}u;D rif;ok0%f) onf tdq k mumòr d rS jrefrmwOD;trnfjzifh *syefwikd ;f (rf) owif;pmY 'kw, d urBmppftwGi;f jrefrmEdik if o H m;rsm; epfemcsuEf iS yhf wfoufI tcsuf (2) csuw f ifjycJo h nf? yxrtcsurf mS *syefw@kd onf 'kw, d urBmppf twGi;f u olw@kd .&efojl zpfaom t*Fvyd /f tar&duef/ =opa=w;vs ppfo@kH yef;rsm;xJrS ppf+y;D ESpf (30) t=umuse&f pfco hJ rl sm;udk zdw=f um;I aorif;wrefvrf;[kac:wGio f nfh auG;jrpfww H m;vrf;azmufvyk f &mY apcdik ;f cJjh cif;twGuf 0rf;enf;a=umif;awmif;yefum *k%ðf yyGðJ yvkycf ahJ omfvnf;/ xdv k rf;azmuf vky&f mY rw&m;apcdik ;f jcif;cHc&hJ aomjrefrmrsm;udrk l *k%ðf y&ef arhaysmufcsev f yS cf jhJ cif;rSm rw&m;a=umif; wifjycJo h nf? 'kw, d tcsurf mS *syef{u&mZf[¶D [ kd w D t kd aejzifh ppftwGi;f u &efojl zpfc&hJ aom tar&d ueftpd;k &xH ppfjzpfonfu h pd w P iG f rdrrd yg0ifa=umif; rsu&f nfcx H ;kd awmif;yefaernft h pm; rdrw d @kd Eikd if }H u;D rsm;a=umifjh zpfymG ;cJ&h aomppfyYJG "m;pmcHjzpfc&hJ aom jrefrmEdik if t H ygt0ifEikd if iH ,fav;rsm;od@k pdwrf aumif;a=umif;ajym=um;cJv h #if cH&olrsm;bufrS tcH&oufomrnfjzpfa=umif; wifjya&;om;cJo h nf? xdo k @kd acwftqufquf trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;udk pmayuÀrS tpOfwpdu k óf u;d yrf;vkyaf qmifcahJ om OD;0ef (q&m}u;D rif;ok0%f) onf 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D rS ayguzf mG ;

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

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vli,fa&mifawmuf pdefcarmuf

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f). &yfwnfcsuf jynfow l @kd .qENEiS t hf nD tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk tmrcHrnfh ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDEikd if H awmfopf xlaxmifa&;? jynfow l &yfv;kH . tusK;d pD;yGm;udk xm0pOf OD;xdyyf efqifa&;? wdik ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;kH ESihf Edik if o H m;tm;vH;k . om,m0ajymr_EiS hf zG@H òz;d wd;k wufrw _ @kd ukd óud;yrf;azmfaqmifa&;? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏ OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf wd@k . acgi;f aqmifru _ ckd , H I l w&m;r#w/ vGwv f yfaoma&G;aumufyo JG @kd +ird ;f csr;f pGm a&S;¶_csw D uf a&;? rdrw d @kd tzG@J 0ifrsm;. pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf t _ iftm;jzifh jynfot l aygi;f udk vufwu JG m/ a&G;aumufyJG wGif wcJeuf atmifycJG aH &;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

295

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aemifa&;udkar#mf atmifaw;wpfa=umfa=umfESifh EdkifiHawmf omapa=umif;[mrdk@ wdk@wpfawG qkrGefawmif;vdk@&,f atmifoajy anmifa&avmif;umygh aqmif;=u carmuf ? ?

rif;ok0%f ¡ a&G;aumufyGJ tóudumv q&m}uD;rif;ok0%f. rJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;a&; vufurf;pmapmifrS æ¢ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (419) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 5 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 28 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? urm&Gwòf rd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,fwiG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (42 430) OD;teuf (33 858) OD;wdk@ qENrJay;=u&m ,if;wdk@ay;onfhqENrJrsm;teufrS cdkifvHkaomqENrJ (30 773) rJ &&SdcJhygonf? ,if;cdik v f akH om qENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uyg onf æ

296

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; pOf

v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ trnf tpnf; 'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&; (u) OD;ukdjrif tzGJ@csKyf ('D§+idrf;)

(c)

OD;vSjrifh

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OD;vSa0

&&Sdonfh qENrJaygif; 426

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; &mckdifE_ef; 1 ² 38

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354

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393

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5963

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

297

1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f urm&Gwòf r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqEN e,f twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;0efu rdro d nf touft&G,}f u;D &if+h y;D Edik if aH &;udq k ufvufaqmif&u G &f ef pdwq f ENr&Sad wmhygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;. qENtavsmuf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;0ef.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;0eftm; ,ae@rpS I urm&Gwòf r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ f awmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyvdkufa=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trde@f t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f) touf (96) ESpf &efuek òf r d / trSwf 18/ xGe;f vif;&dyo f m/ urm&Gwòf r d e,fae a':=unf=unf. cifyeG ;f / OD;^m%fp;kd a':wifrr/ OD;xifausm-f a':pkpv k iG /f a':xm;csKd -OD;ausmb f ek ;f jrifw h @kd .zcif/ (a':wifE)k .armif/ (OD;xGe;f =unf)/ a':&ifEk (Ek,Of) - ¡OD;tke;f az (c) wufw;kd ¢ wd@k .tudo k nf (15-8-2004) &uf (we*FaEGae@) eHeuf (11 ; 30) em&D wGif aetdrf (oajyndK) Y uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygI (17-8-2004) &uf(t*F gae@) rGe;f vGJ (2) em&DwiG f a&a0;okomefY *loiG ;f oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfyga=umif; aqGrsK;d rdwo f *F[taygi;f tm; today; ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? use&f pforl o d m;pk 2? aumhrª;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr-baqG)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;baqG (ajrmif;jrbaqG) onf aumhr;ª òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (24 615) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 85) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;bausmf (uG,v f eG )f / trd a':at;=unf (uG,v f eG )f wk@d rS 1931 ckEpS f wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ajrmif;jròr d Zmwd jzpfonf? v,form;rsK;d ¶d;k jzpfI Ak'b < mom0ifjzpfonf? OD;baqG (ajrmif;jrbaqG) onf ajrmif;jròr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? (13) ESpo f m;t&G,w f iG f ajrmif;jròrd tm&Svil ,ftpnf;t¶H;k 0ifjzpfvmum/ zufqpfawmfveS af &;Y yg0ifco hJ nf? (16) ESpo f m;t&G,w f iG f jynfo@l &aJ bmftaejzifh vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf YJG yg0ifco hJ nf? trsK;d om; acgi;f aqmif}uD;/ vGwv f yfa&;Adou k m}uD;/ wyfrawmfzcif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh zq-y-v tzG@J wiG yf g0if+yD;/ wdik ;f jynfjyefvnfxal xmifa&;Y aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1948-49 ckEpS w f iG f &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if Adv k rf if;acgi;f . ta&;ay:vufeufuikd w f yfz@GJ 0if/ xkrd S c¶dik 0f ef¶;kH pma&;/ rlvwef;ausmif;

298

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

q&m/ owif;axmuf/ pma&;q&m/ t,f'w D mESihf usL&Siq f &m (t*Fvyd pf m) tjzpf toufarG;0rf; a=umif;ðycJo h nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f ifAv kd rf ;ª atmif (jynfo@l vw $ af wmf OuUÏ}u;D ESihf um uG,f a&; 0ef}u;D a[mif;)/ pma&;q&m}u;D &efuek b f aqG (uG,v f eG )f wk@d EiS hf twl jynfyod@k xu G cf mG I r-q-v tpd;k &tm; vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;qifEcJ$ o hJ nf? jynfywGif 0ef}u;D csKyfa[mif;OD;EkO;D pD;aom ygvrD ef'rD u dk a&pDygww D iG f A[dak umfrwD0ifjzpfI jynfcspv f w G af jrmufa&;wyfrawmfY Adv k rf ;ª jzpfco hJ nf? &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if Adv k v f usmf (usq;kH / 'kw, d 0ef}u;D csKyfa[mif;)/ &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if Adv k &f efEikd f (uG,v f eG )f / Adv k rf ;ª csKyfa[mif;apm=um'd;k wd@k uyG u f o J nfh a&S wef;ppfqifa&;XmecsKyfwiG f wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f Edik if aH wmfaumifpaD =unmcsuf (1) t& jynfyrS jrefrmEdik if o H @kd jyefvmcJo h nf? r-qv wygwt D pd;k &tm;qef@usirf j_ zifh 1967 ckEpS /f w¶kwf - Armta&;tcif;wGif (1) }urd /f 1974 ckEpS /f OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif (1) }urd /f 1977 ckEpS w f iG f yk'rf 124 (u) jzifh (1) }urd /f (3) }urd f axmifoiG ;f tusO;f csxm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? uavmifjzifv h nf;aumif;/ vufeufjzifv h nf;aumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDjzifv h nf; aumif;/ r-q-v wygwt D pd;k &tm; (26) ESpv f ;kH vH;k awmfveS cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif aumhr;ª òr d e,fY oydwaf cgi;f aqmifwOD;tjzpfyg0ifco hJ nf? 'Dru kd a&pDukd toufEiS x hf yfwcl spjf rwfE;kd I aumhr;ª òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfukd pwiftajcpdu k cf ahJ omacgi;f aqmifjzpfonf? xdik ;f Edik if /H avmEdik if EH iS hf uarBm'D;,m;Edik if rH sm;od@k a&mufz;l aezl;onf? ZeD; a':cif0if; aqG/ om;ausmaf qG0if; (tmvl;) wk@d EiS t hf wl aumhr;ª òr d wGif tajccsaexdik o f nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbm v (6) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS &efuek w f ikd ;f ppfXmecsKyfvufatmufcH oHvsiòf r d / trSwf (90) ajcvsiw f yf&if;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 2001 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@wiG jf yefvw G o f nf?

zdrk if/ vufaxmuft,f'w D m/ t,f'w D m) tqift h xd if;.óu;d pm;r_rsm;a=umifh q&morm;rsm;u wd;k jri w hf m0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f owif;pmvkyif ef;rsm;rSwqifh ¶_r0 OD;ausmu f ac:,lojzifh ¶_r0r*~Zif;wGiv f nf;aumif;/ 1962 ckEpS w f iG f aiGwm&Dr*~Zif;wdu k rf sm;od@k vnf;aumif; ajymif;a&$ vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS w f iG f py,fO;D pmayjzef@csad &; udk ud, k yf ikd w f nfaxmifI pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm;pGm xkwaf 0vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? py,fO;D jrefrm0w Kwdrk *~Zif;udk 1984 ckEpS /f pufwifbmvrSpI pmwnf;csKyftjzpf wnf;jzwfxw k af 0cJo h nf? 1967 ckEpS /f arv (18) &ufae@rpS I 1968 ckEpS /f ZGev f (18) &ufae@txd yk'rf (5) jzifh tif;pdet f usO;f axmifwiG f (13) v=umr# zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif pmayESihf tEkynm&Sirf sm;tzG@J udk pwifz@JG pnf;OD;aqmifol (5) OD;xJwiG f yg0ifc+hJ y;D / 'Dru kd a&pDawmif;qdq k ENjyyGrJ sm;wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (24) &ufae@wiG f &efuek jf ynfo@l aq;¶H}k uD;0if;twGi;f Y pmayESit hf Ekynm&Sif rsm;tzG@J rS a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmEdik if w H iG f yxrqH;k vlxw k &m;yGjJ zpfajrmufa&;wGif yg0ifO;D aqmif cJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS t f wGi;f jzpfay:cJo h nfh 'Dru kd a&pDawmif;qdyk rJG sm;wGif qENjyr_rsm;udk wufºupG mG tm;ay; ulncD +hJ y;D / ppfwyfrt S m%modr;f +y;D aemufyikd ;f txd qufvufqENjyv_y&f mS ;oltcsK d udk ulnyD yhH ;kd cJo h jzifh Edik if aH wmftm; aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D vdo k rl sm;. ab;tE &W m,frS umuG,af pmifah &SmufonfOh ya'jzifh 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (2) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (19) &ufae@txd (Zm*em/ Zif0ikd ;f / rd;k 0if;) wd@k EiS t hf wl zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ausmufww H m;òr d e,f/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f +y;D aemuf 1990 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (8) &ufae@rS (26) &ufae@txd xyfrzH rf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ A[dk owif;ESijhf yef=um;a&;aumfrwDwiG f twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? py,fO;D ±ky&f iS f tpk&iS /f OD;pD;/ 'g¶u dk w f mwifarmifp;kd trnfjzifh tazwck om;wck ¶ky&f iS f ¶ku d u f ;l cJo h nf? (py,fO;D ) OD;wifp;kd trnfjzifh vlord sm;onf?

3? ausmufww H m;òr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;wifpdk; (py,fOD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifp;kd onf ausmufww H m;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 151)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (82 ² 66) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;csp/f trd a': jrcifw@kd rS 1941 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? {&m0wDwikd ;f / ig;odik ;f acsmif;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wifp;dk onf 1946 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek òf r d / aq;u&uf[wf (pde@f aygv)f ausmif;wGif pwifausmif;aecJo h nf? 1948-49 ckEpS w f iG f rdbrsm;pD;yGm;a&;tqifrajyojzifh xdak usmif;rSxu G cf +hJ y;D / &efuek òf r d / armfwifvrf;/ tpd;k &jrrmvmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;ajymif; ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1951 ckEpS w f iG f zcifu, G v f eG I f rdcifEiS t hf wl pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif ulnD vkyu f ikd af y;cJ&h onf? 1956 ckEpS w f iG f A[dt k pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;od@k ajymif;a&$@ynmoif=um;&if;/ pD;yGm;a&;owif;pmwdkufwGif jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;XmerSxkwfjyefonfh owif;jyef=um;csufrsm; oGm;a&muf,&l onfh atmufajctvkyo f rm;b0/ vpmaiG (60d§-) pm; tvkyu f kd pwif0ifa&muf vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1959 ckEpS w f @kd wiG f A[dt k rsK;d om; txufwef;ausmif;rS '\rwef;udk (2) }urd af jzqdck ahJ omfvnf; ratmifojzifh ausmif;rSxu G cf o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS w f iG f OD;atmifjrif (q&m òr d rarmif) . ac:,lra_ =umifh &efuek o f wif;pmwdu k o f @kd ajymif;a&$ vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? xd@k aemuf oHr%d owif;pm/ ta&;ay:owif;pm/ v#ypf pfowif;pm/ jynfausmo f wif;pm/ rD;'kwo f wif;pmrsm;wGif (pmjyif/

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

299

ausmufww H m;òr e,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;wifpdk;. 1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJtóuumvwGif jzef@a0onfh vufurf;pmapmifwGifyg0ifcJhaom tcsuftcsKd@ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifv h nf;aumif;/ ausmufww H m;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f OD;taejzifah omfvnf;aumif;/ rJqEN&iS rf b d jynforl sm; vdv k m;awmif;wvsu&f adS om 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfopf jyefvnfxal xmifa&;twGuf uk, d pf rG ;f &So d r#/ ^m%fprG ;f &So d r#jzifh pGr;f pGr;f wrH jynfo@l tusK;d / wkid ;f jynftusK;d udk onfy;kd xrf;aqmifomG ;rnfjzpfa=umif; uwdopPmðyygonf? jynfol@qENESifhqef@usifr_r&SdapbJ trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;tjzpfcH,lvkyfaqmifI trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzG@J csKyfO;D aqmifrj_ zifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. wEdik if v H ;kH rSjynfo@l ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf twl rJqEN&iS jf ynfol vlxu k t kd pOfav;pm;OD;xdyx f m;I jynfoo l mv#if trd/ jynfoo l mv#if tz cH,cl sujf zifh vkyaf qmifomG ;rnfjzpfa=umif; av;eufpmG qENðyygw,f?

300

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

4? ausmufwef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmoef;+idrf;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f moef;+idr;f onf ausmufwef;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 018) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 95) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ausmufwef;òr d e,f/ caemif&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (5) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;armifped . f om; jzpfonf? a'guw f moef;+ird ;f onf òr d rtxufwef;ausmif; (&efuek )f rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifI &efuek af q;wuUov kd rf S 1963 ckEpS w f iG f q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd use;f rma&;OD;pD;Xme vufaxmufq&m0ef/ òr d e,fq&m0ef/ 1982 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd oD&v d uFmEdik if w H iG f ukvor*~apwemh0efxrf;q&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf gI tvkyrf S t+ird ;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? xd@k aemuf ud, k yf ikd af q;ukcef;zGihf vSpv f yk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1997 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (21) &ufae@wiG f omauw&Jpcef;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / 1972 ckEpS /f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H jynfo@l use;f rma&;qdik &f mOya' yk'rf 9 (1) (*) t& tr_ziG hf ta&; ,ljcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1997 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (28) &ufae@wiG f r&rf;uke;f òr d e,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH wGif tzG@J csKyf vli,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;ðyvky&f efppD Ofc&hJ m tpd;k &qef@usiaf &;qlyv l y_ &f mS ;r_ ðyvky&f ef pDpOfco hJ nf[q k u kd m 1997 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (17) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +yD;/ 1997 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f &efuek t f aemufyikd ;f c¶dik f w&m;¶H;k Y 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh tr_ziG w hf &m;pGq J ckd I hJ / 1997 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wiG f tvkyEf iS hf axmif'%f (7) ESpcf srw S cf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (23) &ufae@wiG f vGw&f ufaphaeaomfvnf; yk'rf 10 (u) jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f &ufaygi;f (60) pD oH;k }urd cf srw S cf +hJ y;D aemuf 2004 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (21)&ufae@wiG f tif;pdeAf [dt k usO;f axmifrS om,m0wDtusO;f axmif/ xdrk S aygi;f wnfaxmif/ xdrk S jynftusO;f axmifw@kd o@kd tqifq h ifah jymif;a&$@co hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (5) &ufae@wiG f wzef xyfw;kd jypf'%f (1) ESpcf srw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2006 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (18) &ufae@wiG f yk'rf 10 (u) jzifh aemufxyf axmif'%f (1) ESpf wd;k jri chf srw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf?

(20) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemif (10) ESpt f wGif usi;f yrnfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid f cGiu hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J w@kd u tzJ@G 0if tjzpfrx S w k yf ,fco hJ nf?

5? ausmufwef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pk;d !Ge@f onf ausmufwef;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (16 226) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 95) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1936 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (18) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz ODay:v_id . f om; jzpfonf? OD;pd;k !Ge@f onf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm (ordik ;f ) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? wyfrawmfrS 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }u;D tqifjh zifh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf?f jynfwiG ;f tcGeOf ;D pD;Xme !¸e=f um;a&;r ;/ jrefrmhxw k u f ek o f iG ;f ukeaf umfydk a&;&Si;f OD;aqmif!e¸ =f um;a&;r ;wm0efw@dk ukd xrf;aqmifco Jh nf? r&rf;uke;f òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf OuUÏ/ &efuek w f ikd ;f pnf; wm0efw@dk u, kd cl o hJ nf? OD;pk;d !Ge@f onf 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya' yk'rf 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cHc&hJ I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya'yk'rf 11 (n) ESihf +id pGe;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv

6? =unfjh rifwikd òf r e,frq J ENe,f? OD;vSxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSxeG ;f onf =unfjh rifwikd òf r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (26 774) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (75 ² 5) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? Arm/ Ak'b < momrdbrsm;jzpfonfh tz OD;AsKd pdik /f trd a':apm[efw@kd rS 1941 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? urm&Gwòf r d e,fZmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSxeG ;f onf 1966 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f 0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S 0dZm bG@J (pD;yGm;a&;ynm/ pm&if;tif;ynm/ ¶d;k ¶d;k ocsmF / t*Fvyd pf m) &&Scd o hJ nf? 1961-62 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;wuUov kd f avhusiahf &;ausmif;/ ausmif;om;or*~twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? 1965-66 ckEpS rf S 1969-70 ckEpS t f xd vli,fa&;&mnausmif; vdi_ òf r d e,f tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (1) Y apwemq&mtjzpf vkyt f m;ay;cJo h nf? 1986 ckEpS /f arv (29) &ufae@wiG f 'kw, d !¸e=f um;a&;r ;tqifh (1) &mxl;jzifh pDru H ed ;f a&;qGaJ &;OD;pD;Xme (pDru H ed ;f ESihf b¾ma&;0ef}u;D Xme) wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1986 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (15) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@txd {&m0wDwikd ;f / wkid ;f pDru H ed ;f OD;pD;r ;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? jynfwiG ;f oifwef;rsm; tjzpf pDru H ed ;f u|r;f usirf _ tqifh (2)/ oifwef;trSwpf Of (1)/ (pDru H ed ;f a&;qGaJ &;OD;pD;Xme) ESihf v,f,mESihf aus;vufa'ozG@H òz;d a&; &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS v _ yk if ef;rsm; a&G;cs,o f wfrw S jf cif;/ tusK;d tjrwfo;kH oyfjcif;/ }u;D =uyf uGyu f jJ cif;qdik &f m vkyif ef;cGio f ifwef;rsm;od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? jynfyoifwef;rsm;tjzpf ukvor*~ pdu k yf sK;d a&;ESiphf m;eyf&u d mQ tzG@J rS }uD;rª;usi;f yaom +Adwed Ef ikd if /H refcsupf wmwuUov kd Yf zGiv hf pS o f nfh pdu k yf sK;d a&;ESiahf us;vufa'ozG@H òz;d a&;pDrcH ef@crJG _ oifwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? tD*spEf ikd if /H udik ¶f òkd r d wGif usi;f yaom v,f,mpdu k yf sK;d a&;ESiahf us;vufa'ozG@H òzd;a&;oifwef;od@k wufa&mufavhvmcJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ykord òf r d / +ird ;f csr;f pGm vlxq k ENazmfxw k af &; aumfrwDwiG f b¾ma&;rª;tjzpfaqmif&u G cf +hJ y;D / ykord f ta&S ESit hf aemuf òr d e,fv;kH qdik &f m &[ef;&Siv f /l ausmif;om;/ ausmif;ol/ rdbjynfow l @kd . 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_qENjyyGu J kd pepfwus }u;D =uyfuyG u f aJ qmif &Gucf h+J yD; {&m0wDwikd ;f Xmeqdik &f m0efxrf;aygi;f pHo k r*~ twGi;f a&;rª; (,m,D) tjzpf pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ; aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (19) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +yD; 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (23) &ufae@wiG f tvkyrf t S +idr;f pm;ay;I ykord af xmifrjS yefvw $ af y;cJo h nf? =unfjh rifwikd òf r d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f òr d e,fO;D pD;tzJ@G 0ifEiS hf ukeo f , G pf ;D yGm;vkyif ef;tzG@J wiG f tzJ@G 0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[du k ek o f , G pf ;D yGm;vkyif ef;tzG@J wiG f tzG@J 0if tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,Of ;D bbGm;. aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k & zJ@G pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufI wufwufºuºG uaG qG;aEG;cJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwif bmv (30) &ufae@u rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf±;kH wGiðf yvkyaf om

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,m,Dtpd;k & zJ@G pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k vnf; wufa&mufI wufwufºuGºuGaqG;aEG;cJo h nfh kd mv (1) &ufae@u rE aW v;trmcH Hard Core (6) OD;wGif yg0ifonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb aròr d um;vrf;ab; qefpuftaqmufttHw k iG ðf yvkyaf om e,fpyfwae&mwGif ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;&ef udpP v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k vnf;wufa&mufco hJ nf? &efuek òf r d od@k jyefa&mufpOf awmxJomG ;I ,m,D tpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;udpu P kd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,Ef iS hf wm0ef&dS olrsm; jzpf=uaom OD;wifarmifjrif/h OD;cifarmifaqG (prf;acsmif;)/ a'guw f mpef;atmif(t*Fy-l 2)/ OD;armifukd (trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dv k yk if ef;tzG@J ) wd@k ukd today;cJo h nf? jynfyoH±;kH rsm;ESit hf quf toG,f &&ef a'guw f mwifah qG (ykv-J 1)/ a'guw f mpef;atmif (t*Fy-l 2) wd@k EiS t hf wl tm;xkwcf I hJ oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 1992 ckEpS /f {+yv D wGif ppfc¶Hk ;Hk wif+y;D axmif'%f (25) ESpf csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;aemuf OD;vSxeG ;f tm; jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJ Oya'yk'rf 11 (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? aemif ðyvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf;ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? OD;vSxeG ;f axmifrjS yefvnfvw G af jrmufvm+y;D aemuf aq;0g;vkyif ef;puf¶w Hk iG f wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol OD;vSxeG ;f .ZeD;a': jroef;tm; vufaxmufpuf¶;Hk rª;rSac:,lawG@qI kH cifyeG ;f onftaejzifh trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrES w k x f u G af =umif;/ v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif;pm ,lvm&ef ajymqdck o hJ nf? xdu k o hJ @kd r[kwaf qmifv#if a': jroef;ESio hf rD;jzpforl EG,ef x D eG ;f wd@k tvkyx f cd u dk rf nfjzpf a=umif;+cdr;f ajcmufajymqdck o hJ nf? orD;jzpforl mS vnf; aq;0g;vkyif ef;puf¶w Hk iG f tvkyv f yk af ejcif;jzpf onf? tqdyk gupd EP iS yhf wfoufI rdom;pktwGi;f aqG;aEG;+yD;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrmS w&m;0if rSwyf w kH ifxm;onfh Edik if aH &;ygwjD zpfojzifh w&m;0ifygw. D tzG@J 0ifjzpfjcif;onf Oya'csK;d azmufjcif; r[kwo f nfjh yif vlxq k ENtm; av;pm;aoma=umifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrv S nf; rEkwf xGuEf ikd /f ,k=H unfcsut f m;rpGe@f Eidk o f jzifh xGucf si;f xGuv f #if ZeD;ESio hf rD;om puf¶t Hk r_xrf;tjzpfrS xGu&f efq;Hk jzwfc=hJ u+y;D / vufaxmufpuf¶rHk ;ª OD;wifjrifo h @kd ta=umif;jyefc&hJ m orD;jzpfol EG,ef x D eG ;f ukd &ufyikd ;f twGi;f vkyif ef;vdt k yfcsurf &S[ d t k a=umif;jyI tvkyrf x S w k yf pfco hJ nf? xd@k aemuf a': jroef;tm; yifpifwif&ef twif;tusyf zdtm;ay;vmcJo h nf? wESpaf usm=f um+y;D 2000 jynfEh pS /f ZGev f (6) &ufae@ wGif a': jroef;tm; vufaxmufpuf¶rkH ;ª rS yifpifrwifv#if e,fo@kd ajymif;a&$@tr_xrf;&rnf[k ajymvmcJh ojzifh 2000 jynfEh pS /f ZGev f (26) &ufae@wiG f OD;vSxeG ;f .ZeD; a': jroef;taejzifh yifpifwif&ef qENr&Sd aomfvnf;/ rdr. d qENt&[kqu kd m yifpifwifc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (28 198) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 68) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1925 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? OD;a0VK.om; jzpfonf? OD;,k*efonf 1940-41 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS w f iG f Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t) od@k 0ifI rsuyf g;&yf Adv k f oifwef;wufa&mufco hJ nf? wyfr;ª (rwW&m/ pOfu h ;l ESihf xH;k }u;D òr d e,f)/ 1943 ckEpS w f iG f tm&Svil ,f OuUÏ/ 1944 ckEpS rf S 1955 ckEpS t f xd ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) Adv k rf ;ª }u;D Axl;wyfwiG f òr d e,fwyfcrGJ ;ª oifwef;wufI rE aW v;ajrmufyikd ;f òr d e,frsm;od@k ppfa&;acgi;f aqmif/ 1945 ckEpS w f iG f ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfr awmf (yDbt D ufz)f wyfr;ª (rE aW v;/ rwW&m/ pOfu h ;l / xH;k }u;D / ppfa&;wm0efc)H / 1945 ckEpS rf S 1948 ckEpS t f xd Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; ESit hf wl z-q-y-v pnf;±H;k a&;/ 1947 ckEpS /f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHpnf;rsO;f a&;qGJ a&;ud, k pf m;vS,/f 1945 ckEpS rf S 1951 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Si/f 1951 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd b%ft&m&S/d 1983 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? &Jabmfa[mif;or*~ OuUÏ/ (wyfr; a[mif;ESihf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm; tzJ@G ) rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J A[dOk ;D pD;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fem,u/ vGwv f yfa&; armfuGef;0ifESifh wkdufyJG0ifwHqdyfrsm;csD;jr ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 0efxef;tjzpfESifh jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf ygw0D ifjzpfco hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7) &ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1261) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGuf a=umif;a=unmcJo h nf? uGrf;jcHukef;òr e,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;,k*ef. rJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;pOfumvu vufurf;pmapmifwGifygcJhaom tcsuftcsKd u|efawmf,k*eftaejzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifhomvsif EdkifiHawmftwGuf trGefjrwfqHk;/ taumif;qHk;/ w&m;tr#wqHk;aom tkyfcsKyfr_pepfjzpfa=umif; tav;teuf,Hk=unfygaoma=umifh tiftm;jynfh yg0ifaqmif&Gufrnf[k t"dXmefðyygonf?

7? uGrf;jcHukef;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;,k*ef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;,k*efonf uGr;f jcHuek ;f òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

OD;vSoef;onf udu k ;kd u|e;f òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (246) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 94) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? [Hom0wDc¶dik /f uGr;f jcu H ek ;f òr d tydik /f 0g;bavmufaomufaus;&GmwGif v,f,mvkyu f ikd o f l tz OD;ode;f az/ trd a':!Ge@f w@kd rS 1947 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? arG;csi;f (8) OD;teuf owWrajrmufjzpfonf? rlvwef;ynmudk 0g;bavmufaomufaus;&Gm rlvwef;ausmif; wGiv f nf;aumif;/ tv,fwef;ynmudk armfvòrid òf r d / armifi&H yf/ trSwf (2) tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif vnf;aumif;owWrwef;atmifjrifonf txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1965 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmf (a&wyf) od@k 0ifa&mufI a&wyfom;tjzpfjzifh &wemyHak &wyfpcef;/ ppfawGa&wyfpcef;/ wdu k af &,mOf (110) a&wyfurf;wufwu kd cf u kd af &;wyf&if;/ ppf¶;kH csKyf/ umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf¶;kH (a&)/ wm0ef (2) XmepkEiS hf ppfa& ,mOf &ef}u;D atmifw@kd wiG f 1977 ckEpS /f arvtxd tr_xrf;cJ+h y;D vkyo f ufyifpifjzifh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? wyfrawmf (a&wyf) wGit f r_xrf;pOf edru hf saomb0rS vGwaf jrmuf&ef rdru d , kd yf ikd t f em;,l&rnft h csed u f kd wefb;kd &Spd mG toH;k csI jrefrmvufa&;wdyk nmudv k nf;aumif;/ pm&if;tif;ynmudv k nf;aumif; avhvm oif,cl o hJ nf? (5) ESpaf usmrf # jywfawmufaeaom ausmif;ynma&;udk tXrwef;rSpI qufvuf oif,cl &hJ m 1975 ckEpS w f iG f (10) wef;pmar;yGu J kd ¶lyaA'bmom*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? wyfrawmf (a&wyf) rS t+ird ;f pm;,l+y;D (3) ESpt f =um/ 1979-80 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd f rS Oya'bG@J (LL.B.) &&Sc do hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf pS I a&S aeavmuod@k 0ifa&mufc+hJ yD;/ txufwef;a&S ae/ A[dw k &m; ¶H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf &mZ0wfr/_ w&m;rr_rsm;pGmudk jrefrmwEdik if v H ;kH &Sd w&m;¶H;k rsm;wGif a'ora&G;vdu k yf g aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif &efuek af &S aersm; tzG@J EiS hf =unfjh rifwikd òf r d e,fw@kd rS OD;aqmifyg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wnfaxmif onft h cg tzG@J 0iftjzpftqdðk ycJ+h yD;/ pnf;¶H;k a&;umvwGif =unfjh rifwikd òf rd e,ftzG@J csKyf pDraH &;&mtzG@J twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ òr d e,fyxrt}urd n f v D mcHrS òr d e,ftzG@J csKyf OuUÏtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ Edik if v H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcH ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfvnf;aumif; a&G;cs,w f m0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd =unfjh rifwidk òf r d e,f ppfrx _ rf;a[mif;tzJ@G ±H;k tzJ@G r; / oufomvkyif ef; twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if o H pfwnfaqmuf&mwGif wwftm;oa&G óud;yrf;aqmif &GuEf ikd af &;ESihf udu k ;kd u|e;f òr d e,f&dS rJqEN&iS rf sm;. 'Dru kd a&pDvv kd m;aomqENukd tav;xm;aomtm;jzifh udu k ;kd u|e;f òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid &f ef a&G;cs,q f ENðycJo h nf? OD;vSoef;onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) jynf ol@vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf; ta0;ESihf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@ rE aW v;taemufawmifòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf±;kH wGiðf yvkycf ahJ om ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufco hJ jzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (23) &ufae@wiG f ppfc¶kH ;kH rS tvky=f urf;ESihf axmif'%f (25) ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;vSoef;onf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cHc&hJ ojzifh a&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf 11 (n) jzifn h pd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? 1996 ckEpS w f iG f urBmu h v k or*~ txl;ud, k pf m;

vS,f ygarmuQ,Zkd , kd u kd w kd mxH axmifwiG ;f rSaeI pma&;om;ay;yd@k rj_ zifh aemufxyfaxmif'%f (7) ESpf csrw S cf cH &hJ onf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f twGi;f wGif tjyif;zsm;I tif;pdeaf xmifrS &efuek jf ynfo@l aq;¶H}k u;D ajratmufxyf&dS tusO;f om;rsm;aq;ukaqmifo@kd y@kd Iaq;ukor_ðycJ&h m 1996 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (2) &uf ae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f mG ;cJo h nf? OD;vSoef;uë,v f eë cf sed w f iG f ZeD;onf a':qifEh iS hf om;jzpfol udck ifarmifwifh wd@k use&f pfco hJ nf? ¡ =o*kwv f (2) &ufae@u 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyrJG mS a&G;cs,cf &H wJh tJet f ,fv'f t D zG@J 0if jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;vSoef;[m e0w&J Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;tjzpfe@J &efuek jf ynfo@l aq;¶Hk }u;D rSm uG,v f eG cf yhJ gw,f? olu, kd pf m;ðy rJqENe,fjzpfwhJ udu k ;kd u|e;f [m jrefrmEdik if w H iG ;f rSm tao;qH;k jzpfayr,fv h nf; vlot d rsm;qH;k ae&mjzpfygw,f? tdE, dN ork'&N mxJrmS &Sw d hJ 'Du|e;f pkav;&J yifru|e;f [m 1958 ckEpS f ppfwyfu yxrOD;qH;k t}udrf tm%modr;f +yD;wJah emuf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;udk jypf'%fcsrw S w f hJ ae&mjzpfwt hJ wGuf emrnfq;kd eJ@ausm=f um;cJyh gw,f? tJ'aD e&mrSm b,fuykd =J unf=h unfh om,mvSy aeygw,f? us,af jymvSwhJ yifv,fjyif/ jymvJv h rhJ ;kd aumif;uif/ oJaomifjyifus,/f avwdu k w f ikd ;f ,dr;f EG@J aqmhupm;aewJh tke;f yifawGe@J yg? tjypf'%fay;r_awGukd 1960 jynfEh pS af wG& J aemufq;kH ESprf sm;rSm zsuo f rd ;f vdu k +f y;D / udu k ;kd u|e;f [m a&wyfpcef;tjzpf usecf yhJ gawmhw,f? tkycf sKyfa&;twGuf vdt k yfw0hJ efxrf;rsm;/ tke;f vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd af ewJh rdom;pkrsm;omaexdik =f uygawmhw,f? 1990 jynfEh pS pf m&if;t& u|e;f ay:rSm vlO;D a& (1 000) omomav;yJ &Syd gw,f? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yzd@k (23) &uftvdrk mS / 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (4) &ufae@rmS OD;vSoef;eJ@ tjcm; tJet f ,fv'f t D zG@J 0ifav;OD;wd@k [m udu k ;kd u|e;f udk xGucf mG oGm;cJ=h uygw,f? tJ'rD mS olw@kd wawG [m opfuav;/ 0g;uav;eJ@ tajcpdu k pf cef;tjzpf bef*vdak v;wckwnfaqmuf+yD; olw@kd vm&if; &nf&, G cf suaf yguaf jrmufatmifjrifz@kd twGuf pwifav#mufvrS ;f ygawmhw,f? wtdrw f ufwtdrq f if; rJq, G pf nf;¶H;k r_ukd cGirhf ðyygb;l ? pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;jzef@a0jcif;udv k nf; wif;=uyfwehJ nf;Oya'rsm;eJ@ wm;jrpfxm;ygw,f? ausmif;q&mwOD;&J aetdru f kd ESp}f udro f mG ;a&muf vnfywf+yD;wJah emuf OD;vSoef;tm; jynfo@l 0efxrf;awG& J tdru f kd oGm;a&mufvnfywfjcif;rðyawmh ygb;l vd@k 0efcw H v hJ ufrw S x f ;kd cdik ;f ygw,f? OD;vSoef;ujiif;qdv k u kd +f y;D ol[m vlra_ &;t&oGm;a&mufvnf ywfwmjzpfw,f? a&G;aumufyu JG pd eP @J vH;k 0ywfoufjcif;r&Sb d ;l vd@k &Si;f jycJyh gw,f? uef@owfwm;jrpfcsuaf wG b,fvykd rJ sm;rsm; a=umuf& HG pdwv f ;kH 0r&Sw d hJ &J&ifv h w S hJ ol&aJ umif; ig;OD;[m olw@kd tzG@J & J vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udx k rf;aqmifc+hJ yD;/ jynfra'ou Edik if aH &;wd;k wufajymif;vJr_ awGe@J a0;uGmaewJh u|e;f ay:ujynfoal wGtwGuf 'Dru kd a&pDowif;pum;udk vufqifu h rf;Edik cf =hJ uygw,f? rkwo f ek &f moDu pwifaeayr,fv h nf; arv (27) &ufae@ reufae[m awmufypGm xGuaf y: vmygawmhw,f? touf (18) ESpaf usmv f @kd rJay;cGi&hf =uwJo h l (613) OD; &Sw d t hJ eufu (450) eD;yg;[m u|e;f ay:&Srd ¶J kH ESp¶f rkH mS OD;vSoef;eJ@ jrefrmEdik if u H kd (26) ESp=f umtkycf sKyfcw hJ hJ jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwu D kd trnfajymif;xm;wJh wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwu D ud, k pf m;vS,w f @kd teuf olw@kd EpS o f uf&mudk rJay;cJ=h uygw,f? rJay;r_awG[m nae (4) em&DavmufrmS +y;D oGm;+y;D n (7) em&DcaJG vmufrmS rJa&wGurf _ awG+yD;qH;k oGm;cJyh gw,f?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

306

305

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

rJay;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l pkpak ygi;f &J (56 ² 94) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f udk tifet f ,fv'f &D J ud, k pf m;vS,u f &&Scd yhJ gw,f? udu k ;kd u|e;f urJay;r_ukd a&G;aumufyt JG ao;pm;av;vd@k ajym=uayr,fv h nf; OD;vSoef;eJ@ ol@& J tzG@J om; awGtwGuu f awmh r[matmifyyJG gy?J olw@kd wawG &efuek u f jkd yefvmwJt h cgrmS vkyaf zmfuikd zf ufawG axmufct H m;ay;olawGu ol&aJ umif;awGtjzpf aumif;pGmóuq d =kd uygw,f? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf ta&G;cs,cf &H pOfwek ;f u OD;vSoef;&J touf[m (45) ESpyf J &Syd gao;w,f? ol[m v,form;rdbESpyf g;u arG;zGm;cJw h mjzpf+y;D / tv,fwef;ynmtqifu h kd armfvòrid f rSm +y;D qH;k cJyh gw,f? toufEpS q f ,ft&G,rf mS ol[m a&wyfx0J ifa&muftr_xrf;cJyh gw,f? &nf&, G cf suf cdik rf m+y;D / óu;d pm;wJv h il ,fav;[m ynm&J wefb;kd udk aumif;pGmem;vnf,=kH unfwt hJ wGuf a&wyfxrJ mS tr_xrf;aepOfumvtwGi;f rSm ynmudq k ufvufavhvmoif,+l yD;/ txufwef;pmar;yGu J kd 1975 ckEpS rf mS atmifjrifcyhJ gw,f? 1977 ckEpS rf mS a&wyfuae t+ird ;f pm;,l+y;D aemuf Oya'ynm&yfukd quf vufavhvmcJ&h m 1980 jynfEh pS rf mS &efuek w f uUov kd u f Oya'bG@J u&kd cJyh gw,f? 1988 ckEpS f 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_}u;D rSm OD;vSoef;[m &efuek af &S aersm;toif;uae wufºupG mG yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJyh gw,f? aemufyikd ;f rSm tifet f ,fv'f t D zG@J x0J ifa&mufvm+y;D &efuek w f ikd ;f twGi;f ta&; t}uD;qH;k òrd e,fawGxu J òrd e,fwck& J ygwOD uUÏ jzpfvmygw,f? a&G;aumufyt JG wGuf jyifqifra_ wG pwifwt hJ cg olu Edik if aH &;t& Ed;k =um;r_oyd rf &Sw d hJ udu k ;kd u|e;f rJqENe,fajr&J ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf ta&G;cH r,fv@kd tqdðk yygw,f? ol@tqdðk ycsuu f kd tm;vH;k u 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmeJ@ vufc=H uygw,f? a&G;aumufy&JG v'fw&m;0ifxw k jf yefa=unmr_[m &ufowWywf tenf;i,f=umayrJv h nf; tifef t,fv'f [ D m jywfjywfom;om;tEdik &f cJw h ,fqw kd m tm;vH;k odc=hJ uygw,f? wwdik ;f jynfv;kH aysm&f i$ f ae=uygw,f? q,fpEk pS o f ;kH cktwGi;f yxrqH;k usi;f ywJh 'Dru kd a&pDuswhJ a&G;aumufyu JG xGuv f mwJ&h v'f twGuf *k%, f al e=uygw,f? t&nftcsi;f &S+d yD; tm;ud;k &wJh tpd;k &rsK;d / jynfwiG ;f ua&m jynfyuyg ,H=k unfav;pm;r_u&kd r,ft h pd;k &rsK;d / aemufq;kH rSm ay:xGuv f m+yq D w kd hJ ,H=k unfre_ @J twl tem*wftwGuf ar#mv f ifch suaf wG tjynfeh @J ygy?J aemufyikd ;f rSm jrefrmjynfxu J tenf;i,faomvlwcsKd @[m t&Surf &Sq d ;kH / odumQ trJq h ;kH vky&f yf awGeJ@ jynfolvlxktay: vdrfnmvSnfhpm;awmhr,fqdk+yD; oHo,awG&SdcJhygw,f? wcsKd awGtaeeJ@ tm%mudk 'Drdkua&pDenf;ususv$Jay;r,fqdkwJh uwdpum;awG[m udkudk;u|ef;urf;ajcwav#muf avwdu k v f @kd viG ahf rsmaewJh tke;f &Guaf jcmufawGe@J rjcm; jzpfawmhrmS yJv@kd em;vnfvm=uygw,f? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D vd@k (2) v=umvmyg+y?D e0w[m tm%mudpk eG @f vw $ zf @kd t&dyv f uQ%mvnf; rjyygb;l ? v$waf wmfac:,lusi;f yzd@k uv kd nf; rpDpOfygb;l ? Edik if aH &;&moDOwkom pwift@kH rid_ ;f vmygawmh w,f? pufwifbmvrSm bbOD;=unfarmife@J tifet f ,fv'f &D J t"duuswhJ tjcm;tzG@J 0ifawG tzrf;cH &wJt h csed rf mS awmh tH@k rid_ ;f aewJ&h moDOwk[m ydrk q kd ;kd &Gm;vmygawmhw,f? aemufvrSmawmh OD;vSoef; tygt0if v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f awmfrsm;rsm;[m tzrf;cH=u&ygw,f? OD;vSoef;[m 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D rSm ppfc¶kH ;kH wifw&m;pGq J ckd &H +y;D pifòyid t f pd;k &xlaxmifa&;rSm yl;aygi;f yg0ifywfoufw,fv@kd qu kd m tvky=f urf;eJ@axmif'%f (25) ESpf csrw S jf cif;udck cH &hJ ygw,f? tck ig;ESp=f umcJyh g+y?D rSeu f efrr_ &Sw d hJ Oya' a&;&mtpDtpOf& J &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfwhJ w&m;pD&ifrp_ epf& J om;aumiftjzpfe@J olaoqH;k oGm;cJ&h yg+y?D a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJph m tusO;f axmifwiG ;f aoqH;k jcif; (1) rS æ

=o*kwv f (2) &ufae@rmS vuf&jdS refrmEdik if u H t kd yk cf sKyfaewJh ppftpd;k &&J Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; tjzpfe@J aoqH;k oGm;wJh udu k ;kd u|e;f rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tifet f ,fv'f t D zG@J 0if _ @kd a=umifh aoqH;k cJ&h w,fv@kd OD;vSoef;&J aopm&if;rSww f rf;rSm wDbaD &m*ge@J HIV a&m*gy;kd ul;pufrw azmfjyxm;ygw,f? wdu k w f u kd q f ikd q f ikd f olaoqH;k wJah e@rmS yJ befaumufu The Nation owif;pmrSm OD;vSoef; (6) ESpef ;D yg; tusO;f usccH &hJ wJh tif;pdeaf xmifwiG ;f eJ@ jrefrmjynfwiG ;f u tusO;f axmifawGta=umif; &Si;f vif;ajymjyxm;wJh ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwOD;&J tpD&ifcpH mwapmif (Cries from Insein) ygvm ygw,f? tJ't D pD&ifcpH mu aq;0g;rSeu f efpmG oH;k pGrJ r_ &Sjd cif;a=umifh tusO;f axmifwiG ;f rSm HIV eJ@ AIDS a&m*gjyef@ymG ;r_awG wd;k wufrsm;jym;aew,fv@kd qykd gw,f? aq;xd;k r_awGðyvkyw f t hJ cg q&m0efawG [m vlemwa,mufudk aq;ykvif;&J w0uf 'grSr[kwf w0ufxufav#mhenf;pGm xdk;ay;+yD;wJhaemuf usew f ahJ q;udk aemufvel mwa,mufukd 'Daq;xd;k tyf/ aq;xd;k ¹yGeef @J yJ qufvufx;kd ay;wJt h wGuf aoG;u wqifjh yef@ymG ;Edik w f hJ b,fu;l pufa&m*grqdk ul;pufjyef@ymG ;zd@k &m aocsmygw,fv@kd qykd gw,f? vGwv f yfwt hJ zG@J tpnf;awG& J =unf¶h _ ppfaq;r_r&Sw d hJ jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f u tusO;f axmifrsm;&J qd;k &Gm;vSwt hJ ajctaeawGa=umifh OD;vSoef;aoqH;k &jcif;jzpfw,fv@kd oHo,&SEd ikd yf gw,f? 1995 ckEpS rf mS Edik if w H um=uufajceDtoif;}u;D jrefrmEdik if u H aexGucf mG oGm;&jcif;[m tm%mydik af wGu tusO;f axmif wGi;f rStajctaeawGukd =unf¶h _ ppfaq;cGirhf ay;wJt h wGuf jzpfygw,f? trSeaf wmh OD;vSoef;[m e0w&J tusO;f axmiftwGi;f rSm ,H=k unfcsuaf =umifh tusO;f uscH ae&olawGxu J yxrOD;qH;k aoqH;k &olr[kwyf gb;l ? ud, k &hf J Edik if aH &;,H=k unfcsuu f kd jrJjrHpmG pGu J ikd &f if; toufay;oGm;=uwJo h al wGxrJ mS tifet f ,fv'f u D acgi;f aqmifwcsK d vnf; yg0ifygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJph m tusO;f axmifwiG ;f aoqH;k jcif; (2)¢ rS æ

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9? c&rf;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfoGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmo f iG o f nf c&rf;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (21 278) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 01) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz ocifarmifarmif}uD;/ trd a': jr[efw@kd rS 1955 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausmo f iG o f nf 1967 ckEpS f w¶kw-f jrefrmta&;tcif;wGif txu (1) ti,fwef;ausmif;om;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS f 'DZifbm OD;oef@ta&;tcif; wGif rE aW v;aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f blrad A't"dujzifh &efuek f wuUov kd o f @kd a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS f OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJ+h y;D / OD;oef@ta&;tcif;rS wqifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pnf;¶H;k awmcdck o hJ jzifh rw&m;oif;tufOya' yk'rf 17 (1) (2) jzifh axmif '%f (3) ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1977 ckEpS w f iG f axmifrv S w G cf +hJ y;D ud, k yf ikd ef nf;jyoifwef;zGiv hf pS f vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1980-81 ckESpfwGif pmay;pm,ljzifh Oya'bmomoif,lcJhonf? Oya'wwd,ESpf txda&muf&cdS o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif c&rf;òrd e,f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

wyfaygi;f pkoydwaf umfrwD wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? c&rf;òrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òrd e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;wm0efct H jzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? OD;ausmo f iG o f nf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk f pm;vS,Of ;D bbGm;. aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf; ta0;od@k wufa&muf cJo h nf? ,if;ok@d wufa&mufco hJ nft h a=umif;ESihf tpnf;ta0;tajctaeta=umif;pHu k kd 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (1) &ufae@wiG f c&rf;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;wifarmif0if;xHo@kd oGm;a&muftoday;cJo h nf? xd@k twGuf oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;ausmo f iG o f nf jypfrq _ ikd &f m Oya'yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&+y;D axmif'%f (25) ESpf csrw S t f jypfay;jcif; cHc&hJ onf? a&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf 11 (n) ESin hf pd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG hf udv k nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f {+yv D (7) &ufae@wiG f xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf vGwaf jrmuf e,fajr wae&mod@k a&muf&v dS mcJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS /f {+yv D (21) &ufae@wiG f ukvor*~'u k o Q nfrsm;qdik &f m r[mrif;}u;D ¶H;k .tpDtpOft& aemfa0Edik if o H @kd xGucf mG cJ+h y;D ,ckaemfa0Ekid if w H iG f aexkid o f nf?

ESyd pf ufra_ =umifh 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (18) &ufae wiG f axmifwiG ;f YaoqH;k oGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifarmif0if; .ZeD;rSm pma&;q&mr ,k0wDcifvid_ =f uLjzpf+y;D om;orD; (2) a,mufuse&f pfco hJ nf? ¡ 1990 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mveJ@ Ed0k ifbmvrsm;rSmawmh e0w[m 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ f&mS ;r_ukd t}u;D tus,f ESrd ef if;r_rsm;ðyvkycf yhJ gw,f? tJ'v D awGrmS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGjzpf=uwJh tifet f ,fv'f t D zG@J 0ifawG[m tzrf;cH=u&+yD; tif;pdeaf xmifuakd &mufuek =f uygw,f? 'Dvt kd zrf;cH& wJv h al wGtxJrmS 'Dru kd &ufwpftpd;k &zG@J z@kd jynfov l x l u k a&G;cs,cf ahJ yrJv h nf; ppftpd;k &&J pGcJ suw f if tjypf'%fcsrw S cf &H wJh c&rf;òr d e,fu OD;wifarmif0if;vnf;yg0ifygw,f? ol[m 1950 ckEpS af wG& J tqH;k ydik ;f awGe@J 1960 ckEpS af wG& J tpydik ;f awGrmS vlord sm;ausm=f um;cJw h hJ ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpf ygw,f? 1962 ckEpS rf mS ppfwyfutm%modr;f r_ukd ausmif;om;rsm;qef@usicf =hJ uwke;f u ol[m ausmif; om;tcGit hf a&; ckcu H muG,rf a_ umfrw D OD uUÏ jzpfcyhJ gw,f? aemufEpS rf mS awmh &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif; om;or*~& J acgi;f aqmifwa,muftjzpfe@J zrf;qD;cH&ygawmhw,f? OD;wifarmif0if;[m axmif (7) ESpu f scyhJ gw,f? 'gayrJh 'Dvt kd awG@tñuH/ jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pf vrf;pOfatmufrmS ESpaf ygi;f (25) ESpaf usm=f um b0wckv;kH aovke;D yg;jzpfc&hJ wmawGu ol@& J cdik rf mwJh Edik if aH &;,H=k unfcsuu f kd aoatmifrowfEikd cf yhJ gb;l ? 1988 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_rmS OD;wifarmif0if;[m wjcm;ausmif;om; acgi;f aqmifa[mif;awGe@J twl yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJyh gw,f? 1990 ckEpS af &G;aumufyrJG mS ol[m ol@& J Zmwdc&rf;òr d e,fuae tifet f ,fv'f u D u kd , kd pf m;ðy+y;D 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwrD sm;&J t"du&efol jzpfwhJ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwrD S 0ifa&mufta&G;cHco hJ l ol@& J tudt k &if;eJ@ ,SOòf yid t f a&G;cHcyhJ g w,f? a&G;aumufyrJG mS tEdik &f +y;D (5) vt=umrSm ol[mtzrf;cH&ygawmhw,f? OD;wifarmif0if;[m tif;pdeaf xmifut kd yd@k rcH&rD ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;&J ppfaq;ar;jref;&mXme csKyfjzpfwhJ a&=unftikd rf mS wvcef@aecJ&h ygw,f? 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D rSm ol@udk }u;D av;wJt h jypf'%f csrw S w f t hJ csed rf mS ol[mvGepf mG ruse;f rrm jzpfaewJt h wGuf cH¶k ;kH udk rwufa&mufEikd cf yhJ gb;l ? ol[m Zefe0g&v D (18) &ufae@rmS aoqH;k cJyh gw,f? tm%mydik af wGu ol[maoG;uifqmeJ@ aoqH;k cJw h ,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? 'gayr,fh vGecf w hJ hJ (4) v axmifrusrw D ek ;f u ol@rmS 'Dvt kd ouftE &W m,fukd xdcu kd Ef ikd af vmuf wJah &m*g cHpm;ae&w,fqw kd hJ vuQ%mrsK;d r&Scd yhJ gb;l ? oò* [ õ jf cif;rðyrD ol@& J ¶kyt f avmif;udk awG@jrifchJ &olrsm;u ol[m axmifwiG ;f rSmESyd pf ufc&H wJ'h %f&mawGa=umifh aoqH;k &jcif;jzpfw,fv@kd q=kd uygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJph m tusO;f axmifwiG ;f aoqH;k jcif; (3) rS æ ¢

10? c&rf;òr e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;wifarmif0if;onf c&rf;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 428) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (60 ² 43) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? c&rf;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfEh pS /f Ed0k ifbmv (8) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;òr d / trd a':oef;&Siw f @kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf c&rf;òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ a&ausmrf ufo'pfEiS hf òr d rtrsK;d om;ausmif;wd@k wiG f q,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D aemuf 1957-58 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufco hJ nf? c&rf;òrd e,fausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;r ;/ wuUov kd cf &rf;òr d e,ftoif;/ [Hom0wDc±dik t f oif;/ uavmif&iS t f oif;/ o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm;wGif a&S wef;uyg0ifI Auorsm;tzJ@G csKyfEiS hf wuotzJ@G 0if/ ausmif;om;nD!w G af &; wyfO;D wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;r ;ESihf obmywdtzJ@G 0if/ 1962 ckEpS /f Zlvikd t f a&;tcif;wGif &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&;umuG,rf w _ u kd yf aGJ umfrwD OuUÏ/ 1963 ckEpS rf S 1970 jynfEh pS t f xd vHðk caH &;yk'rf (5) jzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? axmifrv S w G +f yD;aemuf c&rf;òrd e,f&dS rdom;pkyikd q f efpufwiG f refae*smtjzpfvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ppf+y;D acwfEiS hf vGwv f yfa&;acwf ausmif;om;or*~0ifa[mif;rsm;aumfrwDwiG f yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? ta&; awmfy}kH uD;t+yD; Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;zG J pnf;wnfaxmifaomtcg trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyfYyg0ifc+hJ yD; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf &efuek w f ikd ;f pnf;tzJ@G 0iftjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? c&rf;òrd e,f rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS OD;wifarmif0if;ESi, hf OS òf yid b f uf wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwrD S OD;aZmf0if; (t+ird ;f pm; Adv k rf ; }u;D aZmf0if;) rqvacwf Edik if aH wmfaumifp0D ifa[mif;. nDt&if;jzpfonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmuf wdb k mvwGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f axmif'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ +yD; e0wppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;. nOf;yef;

11? prf;acsmif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;cifarmifaqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifaqGonf prf;acsmif;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 944) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 64) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;armifat;/ trd a':wif=unfw@kd rS 1942 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? {&m0wDwikd ;f / ig;odik ;f acsmif;òrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifaqGonf 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f t*FvkdAmeDusLvmrpf&Sifausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI &efukefwuUodkvfwGif 1961 ckESpfrS 1966 ckEpS t f xd ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ bDtufpD (blrad A') bJ@G ukd a&eHvyk if ef;qdik &f m bmomwGjJ zifh &&Scd o hJ nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

&efuek w f uUov kd Yf ynmoif=um;aepOf ykord cf ¶dik af usmif;om;rsm;toif; pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;/ bmom&yfqikd &f m toif;rsm;. tr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifEiS hf &efuek w f uUov kd af usmif;om;or*~ (wuo) 0iftjzpf 1962 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmha&eHaumfyakd &;&Si;f Y tvkyo f ift&m&Sd tjzpf pwifxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1966 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmjynftES@H a&eH&mS azGw;l azmfxw k v f yk f a&;qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;udk tvkyo f ifbrl ad A't&m&S/d 'kbrl ad A't&m&S/d t}u;D wef;blrad A't&m&Sd ponf jzifh aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f pifumylEikd if w H iG u f si;f yaom a&eHwiG ;f wl;azmfa&;ESihf a&eHwiG ;f ayguu f rJG _ xde;f odr;f a&;qdik &f m vkyif ef;cGio f ifwef;od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1986 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duefjynf axmifp/k wufqufpjf ynfe,f/ wJvq f mwuUov kd w f iG f a&eH&mS azGw;l azmfxw k v f yk jf cif;ESihf a&eHajr zG@H òz;d jcif; qdik &f m 'Dyvdrk mtqifo h ifwef;od@k wufa&mufatmifjrifco hJ nf? txufjrefrmjynf a&eHajrrsm;zG@H òzd;a&;ESihf a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiG@wl;azmfxkwfvkyfa&;qdkif&m t}uD;wef;blrdaA't&m&Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifaepOf 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D ay:ayguv f m&m acsmuf/ a&eHacsmif;/ jynf/ jrefatmif/ ref;ESiahf xmuf&mS yif a&eHajrtvkyo f rm;or*~rsm;udk pkpnf;vufwI JG jrefrmha&eHaumfyakd &;&Si;f (¶H;k csKy)f tvkyo f rm;or*~ twGi;f a&;r ;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (3) &ufae@wiG f 0efxrf;tm;vH;k vkycf iG o f @kd jyefvnfwufa&muf&ef e0wxkwjf yefcsuu f kd rvkdufemcJhI tvkyfxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r ; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ac:,lwm0efay;csut f & 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvwGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf A[dOk ;D pD;tzJ@G 0iftjzpf tzG@J csKyw f m0efrsm;udk pwifxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? yxrt}urd f A[dOk ;D pD;tzG@J tpnf;ta0;rS rauG;wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;wm0efct H jzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&+y;D / rauG;wdik ;f (25) òr d e,f twGi;f pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJhonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfY A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0if tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ prf;acsmif;òr d e,ftzG@J 0iftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&u G cf I hJ 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@ eHeufyikd ;f wm;qD;rcH&rDtcsed w f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf wd;k cs J zG@J pnf;ay;aom tvkyt f r_ aqmiftzJ@G wiG f tzG@J 0iftjzpf wd;k jri w hf m0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf? A[dv k yk if ef;tzJ@G (tvkyo f rm;) tz@0GJ if ESihf A[do k wif;ESijhf yef=um;a&;tzJ@G OuUÏ tjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (5) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;vSxeG ;f (=unfjh rifwikd )f rS OD;cifarmifaqGtm; ,m,D tpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;udprP sm;udv k nf;aumif;/ ,m,Dtpd;k &tzJ@G wiG f OD;cifarmifaqGtm; 0ef}u;D wae&m vsmxm;jcif;udpw P @dk uv kd nf;aumif; today;cJo h nf? ,if;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI OD;cifarmif aqGukd oufqidk &f mrS 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJo h nf? ,if;aemuf OD;cifarmifaqGonf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf 122 (1) t& 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (23) &ufae@wiG f axmif'%f (10) ESpf csrw S cf o hJ nf? a&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf 11 (n) ESihf +idpeG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f tjzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZif bmv (18) &ufae@ae@wiG af =unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Yyg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf kd vnf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (1) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 1994 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (5) &ufae@wiG f a'guw f mcifaZmf0if;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D axmif'%f (7) ESpcf srw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf?

12? qdyfurf;òr e,frJqENe,f? a':pef;pef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':pef;pef;onf qdyu f rf;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðy I 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (615) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (59 ² 25) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHchJ &onf? tz uG,v f eG o f l pma&;q&m (ykvyd t f &m&Sw d OD;trnfc)H c¶dik &f 0J ef OD;baomf (jypfrr_ *~Zif; wnfaxmifo)l / trd a':rrav; (jypfrr_ *~Zif;wm0efcx H w k af 0ol) wd@k rS 1932 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? arG;csi;f (5) a,mufteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfonf? tudk (2) OD;rSm uG,v f eG f ol trsK;d om;pmayqk& pma&;q&mESihf owif;pmq&m pdecf ifarmif&ED iS hf *g', D ef;owif;axmufcsKyf OD;cifarmif=unfw@kd jzpfonf? rH&k mG òrd / tvHZk mwdjzpfonf? i,fpOfu rH&k mG òrd / trsK;d om;tv,fwef; ausmif;/ Ak'<bmomausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;aemuf &efukefwuUodkvfrS 1954 ckESpfwGif bDtufppf b D @GJ &onf? &efuek w f uUov kd f bifwefaqmifY o[m,ESiphf mzwftoif;/ A[dak usmif;aqmif o[m,ESiphf mzwftoif;/ ¶lyaA'/ ZD0aA'toif;/ csi;f wGi;f toif;paom toif;tzG@J rsm;wGif tvkyf tr_aqmiftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS rf S 1955 ckEpS t f xd A[dt k pd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (&efuek )f txufwef;jy/ &efuif;aumvdy/f armfvòrid af umvdyw f @kd wiG f owWaA'Xme o¶kyjf yq&mr/ ,l*q kd vm;AD;,m;Edik if /H tpPa&;Edik if rH sm;ok@d ynmawmfoifomG ;a&mufcb hJ ;l onf/ 1958-59 ckEpS w f iG f owif;pm'Dyvdrk m ('Da*s) &onf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf pS I tvkyo f rm;!¸e=f um;a&;OD;pD;XmewGif 0g%Zd yÉdyuQjzefajza&;t&m&S/d òr d e,fO;D pD;rª;wm0efjzifh Adv k w f axmif/ ykZeG af wmif/ ausmufww H m;/ abmuf axmf/ oCFe;f u|e;f / &efuif;/ vdi_ /f urm¶Gw/f r&rf;uke;f / ajrmufOuUvmy/ awmifOuUvmy/ qdyu f rf;/ qdy}f u;D caemifwEkd iS hf 'vòr d e,frsm;wGif tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1985 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyo f rm;!¸e=f um;a&;OD;pD; Xme/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f OD;pD;Xmerª;/ 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvwGif &efuek òf r d okawoeESiphf rD u H ed ;f XmecG/J tvkyo f rm;!¸e=f um;a&;OD;pD;Xme 'kw, d !$e=f um;a&;r ;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf wm0efrS t+ird ;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif tvkyo f rm;rsm; 0efxrf;or*~Y OuUÏtjzpf wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf// trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dv k yk if ef;tzJ@G (tvkyf orm;) twGi;f a&;r ;/ A[dpk nf;urf;xde;f odr;f a&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;rª;/ A[dpk nf;¶H;k vH@_ aqmfa&;tzG@J 0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? a':pef;pef;onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@u tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyaf om ,m,DtpD;k &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;ok@d wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (14) &ufae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;vSxeG ;f (=unfjh rifwikd )f / OD;0if;udk (a&OD;-2) ESihf woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;yDwmvif;yif (jyifO;D vGi-f 2) wd@k ukd ,if;.aetdrw f iG f ,m,Dtpd;k & zG@J pnf;a&;udpu P akd qG;aEG;&ef cGiðhf ycJo h nf? tvm;wl ,if;.aetdrYf yif jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;vSxeG ;f (=unfjh rifwikd )f / a'guw f mwifah qG (ykv-J 1) ESihf a'guw f m pef;atmif (t*Fy-l 2) wd@k o;kH OD;tm; ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;udpt P wGuf aqG;aEG;cGiðhf ycJo h nf[q k u dk m oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJo h nf? ,if;aemuf a':pef;pef;onf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf (122) (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya'yk'rf (11) (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

312

311

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

axGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfah &G;aumufrsm;Y yg0if ,SOòf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (1) &ufae wiG f e0wa=unmcsuf trSwf (11§92) t& jypfrq _ ikd &f m usix hf ;kH Oya'yk'rf 401 (1) t& tif;pdeaf xmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 1997 ckEpS /f atmufwkd bmv (31) &ufae@wiG f Edik if jH cm;owif;XmeESihf qufo, G o f wif;ay;r_jzifh jypfrq _ ikd &f m usix hf ;kH Oya' yk'rf 401 (3) t& ,cifuse&f adS e ao;onfjh ypf'%frsm;tm; jyefvnfusccH &hJ +y;D / 2001 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (13) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfvw G af jrmufco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh cdik v f rkH t J enf;qH;k jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufccH &hJ onfh trsK;d orD;v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfonf? 2003 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (1) &ufae@wiG f xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf vGwaf jrmufe,fajrod@k a&muf&cdS o hJ nf?

2? od@k ygI txufygvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (c) yg cdik v f akH om qENrt J rsm; qH;k &&So d nfh a':pef;pef;onf &efuek w f ikd ;f / qdyu f rf;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (401) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfuakd =unm jcif;? 1? qdyu f rf;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,fwiG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (1 344) OD;teuf (1 103) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (1 038) &&Scd yhJ gonf? ,if;cdik v f kH aom qENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uygonf æ pOf

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4 ² 24

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34 ² 78

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313

13? qdyf}uD;caemifwdkòr e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mpde0f if;onf qdy}f u;D caemifwòkd r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (4 047) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (51 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &efuek òf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? 1958 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (21) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;!Ge@f .om;jzpfonf? a'guw f mpde0f if;onf 1982 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (1) &efuek rf S q&m0efb@JG &&Scd o hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd tvkyo f ifq&m0ef/ 1983 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd jyifyaq; ukcef; q&m0ef/ 1985 ckEpS w f iG f vufaxmufq&m0ef/ use;f rma&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 1985 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmEkid if pH pfrx _ rf;Oya' (1959) t& umuG,af &;0ef}uD;Xme jynfo@l ppfrx _ rf;q&m0ef/ aq;wuUov kd f (1) r*~Zif; pmwnf;tzJ@G 0ifEiS hf tEkynmtoif; tr_aqmifvyk cf o hJ nf? 14? wmarGòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSoed ;f onf wmarGòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (25 765) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (77 ² 8) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1951 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (10) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;atmifwif.om; jzpfonf? OD;vSoed ;f onf e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? wmarGòr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 15? wmarGòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;odef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f jrifo h nf wmarGòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 261) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 63) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1950 jynfEh pS /f arv (5) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;wifa&$.om; jzpfonf? OD;ode;f jrifo h nf bDtufp/D tdycf s*f syD /D tm&ft,fvf (2) bG@J &cJo h nf// 1967 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd vlr_ 0efxrf;apwemtru q&mESiahf usmif;tky/f 1972 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd tm;opf usL&Sif ud, k yf ikd f vkyif ef;/ 1976 ckEpS w f iG f td;k pk&yfuu G o f r0g,r wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;r ;/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l

314

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'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd f pm;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f anmifEpS yf ifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh etztrsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf yg0ifwufa&mufchJ onf?

16? wGHaw;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;omqdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omqdik o f nf wGaH w;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (24 577) rJ/ pkpkaygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (62 ² 82) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf// tz OD;omyd/k trd a':pdeaf rwd@k rS 1946 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;omqdik o f nf òr d rtxufwef;ausmif; (&efuek )f ESihf &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd w f iG f ordkif;t"dujzifh 0dZ mwwd,ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wGHaw; òr d e,fwiG f wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfyu kH mvwGif cavmuf csKu d w f u kd ef ,fwiG f a&S wef;rS wufwufºuºG uyG g0ifco hJ nf? OD;omqdik o f nf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f rE aW v;taemufawmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf¶;kH wGiðf yvkyaf om ,m,D tpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufco hJ jzifh oufqikd &f mrSzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f I axmif '%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf// xd@k twGuf OD;omqdik o f nf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf 11 (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (2) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (995)jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? aemifðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f ZGev f (2) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G f onf?

18? wdkuf}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSxeG ;f onf wku d }f uD;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 596) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (61 ² 72) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? wku d }f uD;òrd e,f/ tdik u f avmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;avmufu/H trd a':aiG&w D @kd rS 1932 ckEpS /f {+yv D (3) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;vSxeG ;f onf 1957 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f wuUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G uv kd nf;aumif;/ 1968 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0dZm bJ@G uv kd nf;aumif;&&Scd o hJ nf? ausmif;om; b0wGif wku d }f u;D òr d e,f ausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;r ;/ tif;pdecf ¶dik af usmif;om;or*~ OuUÏ/ &efuek f wuUodkvf wkd;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk tzJG@0if/ ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*~ 'kw, d OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1964-65 ckEpS w f iG f tif;pdeòf r d e,f/ q-p-w-u OuUÏ/ 1966 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd ygw, D el pf OuUÏ/ t&efA[dak umfrwD0if/ &efuek w f idk ;f a'oygwaD umfrwD0if/ 1977 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwrD S tem;ay;jcif;cH&onf? xd@k aemuf w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vku d yf gaqmif&u G o f nf?

17? wGHaw;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrv_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrv_difonf wGHaw;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 919) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 22) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1935 ckEpS /f rwfv (13) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;pHb.om; jzpfonf? wGaH w;òr d e,f a&wGi;f uke;f aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;jrvdi_ o f nf Oypm 0dZm (c) txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf// 1968 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd awmificl ¶dik /f xef;wyifòr d e,f ygw, D el pfaumfrwD0if/ òr d e,fygw, D el pf OuUÏ/ use;f rma&;raumif;ojzifh 1978 ckEpS w f iG f vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;ESit hf nD Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f a&wGif;ukef;aus;&GmY udk,fydkifv,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf) jynfol@ 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g pmtrSwf - 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

315

19? wdkuf}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a':pefar (a&$ularESif;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':pefar (a&$ual rESi;f ) onf wku d }f u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (19 866) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (51 ² 9) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? a&$uòl r d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;pde. f orD;jzpfonf? 1939 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (15) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? 0dZm bG@J &cJo h nf? a':pefaronf tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&mr/ txufwef;jy ausmif;q&mr/ jrefrmhtoH0efxrf;/ pma&;q&m paomb0rsm;udk jzwfoef;vmcJo h nf// trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d orD;A[dv k yk if ef;tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf 193 ('kw, d ydik ;f ) t& jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ I 1991 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (25) &ufae@wiG f v$waf wmfu, dk pf m; vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsucf cH &hJ onf? 28/ Áp>m&mrvrf;/ 0*~&D yd o f m/ urm&Gwòf r d e,f/ &efuek w f iG af exdik cf &hJ mrS 2002 ckEpS w f iG f tqdyk g jynfvrf;ab;&Sd 0*~&D yfuu G t f m; &efuek òf r d awmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDEiS hf yk*v ~ u d uefx¶du k w f mrsm;yl;aygi;f I t"rRord ;f ,l&eftwGuf trSwf (3) ppfa'orª; Adv k rf ;ª }u;D &efEikd Of ;D rS {+yv D (5) &ufae@ aemufq;kH xm; a&$ ajymif;cdik ;f onfukd rvdu k ef mojzifh noef;aumiftcsed f ppfwyfEiS hf 0dik ;f I nwGi;f csi;f aetdrrf sm;udk zsuq f ;D / ypPn;f rsm;udk pvif;uGi;f twGi;f pkyx kH m;+yD; ESix f w k cf o hJ jzifh ajymif;a&$ ay;cJ&h onf?

316

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (454) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf)

20? awmifOuUvmyòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;jrifh (c) ocifpdk;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k jrif(h c)ocifp;kd jrifo h nf awmifOuUvmyòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGit f rsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (13 959) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 29) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1923 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (16) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;&Sed . f om;jzpf onf? OD;pd;k jrifh (c) ocifp;kd jrifo h nf ajrmif;jròr d wGif t*Fvyd -f jrefrm (6) wef; txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ajrmif;jròr d e,f wk@d Armtpnf;t¶H;k twGi;f a&;rª;/ e,fcs J ESihf zufqpfawmfveS af &;ajratmufacgi;f aqmif/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) wyf&if;rª;/ ykord cf ¶dik f jrpf0u|e;f ay:wkid ;f ppfaumfrwD0if/ jynfo@l ta&;awmfyykH gwD wnfaxmif&mwGiyf g0ifc+hJ y;D / qd&k , S v f pfygwD ajrmif;jrc¶kid f OuUÏESihf A[dOk ;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ z-q-y-v A[dOk ;D pD;/ A-w-v-p A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif/ qd&k , S ef D A[dak umfrwD0if/ jynfo@l vil ,f tzJG@csKyf 'kwd,OuUÏ/ 1953 ckESpf AD,ifem urBmhvli,fnDvmcHoGm;udk,fpm;vS,f/ vGwfvyfa&; armfueG ;f 0if (yxrqif)h &cJo h nf? t,f'w D m/ pmðy/ (17) vkid ;f tkycf sKyfa&;rª;ponfjzifh b0rsm;pGmusif vnfco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k r_aqmif/ A[dv k ,form;rsm;tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif/ &efuek f wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD OuUÏwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ocifp;dk jrifo h nf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. *END qH;k jzwfcsut f wdik ;f e0wu v$waf wmfac:,lciG hf ray;v#if vkyaf qmifoifo h nfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,f pmwrf; ukd a&;om;ðypk&mwGif yg0ifco hJ jzifh oufqikd &f mrSacwWzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1991 ckEpS /f rwfv (26) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J wiG f tzG@J 0iftjzpf wd;k jri w hf m0efay; tyfjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f zG@J pnf;cJo h nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; ðyaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30) &ufae@wGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfrj_ zpfymG ;pOf etzrS aetdrt f us,cf sKyjf zifh xde;f odr;f xm;cJ&h mrS 2003 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? ZeD;rSm a':at;ºu, G jf zpf+y;D / om;orD;rsm;rSm a':aqGaqGjrif/h OD;armifarmifjrif/h a':opfopfjrif/h a':csKcd sKjd rif/h a':oif;oif;jrifw h @kd jzpfonf?

ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? wdu k }f uD;òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (59 143) OD;teuf (45 407) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (36 544) rJ&&Scd yhJ g onf? ,if;cdkifvHkaomqENrJrsm;udk v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdkif; &&Sd=uygonf? pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 18966 (u) a':pefar

&mckid Ef e_ ;f 51 ² 9

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426

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1656

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14082

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

317

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (436) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfudk a=unm jcif;? 1? awmifOuUvmyòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (65 630) OD; teuf (52 749) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (46 978) rJ &&Scd yhJ gonf? ,if;cdik v f akH omqENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f

318

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OD;ausmfjrifh

(*) OD;uGef;aZmf (c) OD;cspfodef;

&mckid Ef e_ ;f 3 ² 54

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0 ² 19

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497

1 ² 06

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

33959

72 ² 29

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165

0 ² 35

(p) OD;yg

trsK;d om;jyefvnfwnfaqmuf a&; 'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH)

197

0 ² 42

(q) OD;armifarmif&D

wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDGwfa&; ygwD? 'Drkdu&ufwpfavbmygwD (jrefrmjynf)

9828

20 ² 92

121

0 ² 26

(ps) OD;ombef;

jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

124

0 ² 26

(n) OD;aomif;axG;

jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD?

332

0 ² 71

(Z) OD;jrifah tmif

2? od@k ygI txufyg v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (C) yg cdik v f akH om qENrJ trsm;qH;k &&So d nfh OD;pd;k jrifh (c) ocifp;kd jrifo h nf &efuek w f ikd ;f / awmifOuUvmyòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

319

21? awmifOuUvmyòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifarmifausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifausmo f nf awmifOuUvmyòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (35 395) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 25) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1937 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (20) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? awmifomòr d e,f/ qDr;D uef&mG Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;aomif;.om; jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifausmo f nf 1953 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1959 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S tif*sief , D m (pufr)_ bJ@G B.sc.-(Mech) &&Scd o hJ nf? 1959 ckEpS /f {+yv D (10) &ufae@wiG f wyfrawmf (=unf;) v#ypf pfEiS phf ufrt _ if*sief , D mwyfz@GJ wiG f jyefwrf;0ifAv kd /f 1964 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f Adv k }f u;D / 1972 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (20) &uf ae@wiG f Adv k rf ; / 1978 ckEpS /f rwfv (2) &ufae@wiG f 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }u;D / 1981 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1984 ckEpS w f @kd wiG f ppfpnf;urf;t& ta&;,lccH &hJ +y;D wyfrawmfrES kwx f u G cf &hJ onf? ,if;aemuf tiSm;,mOfarmif;b0jzifh toufarG;cJo h nf? ,if;onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftwGi;f 'Dru kd a&pDusiphf Ofrsm;ESihf qef@usif v#uf rdrad e&m&&Sad &;twGuf wOD;ESiw hf OD; yk*Kd~ vfa&;wku d cf u kd rf r_ sm;usio hf ;kH vmonft h wGuf trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf.acgi;f aqmifrt _ ay:wGif r,H=k unfawmhojzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS E_wf xGucf iG ðhf yyg&ef aumfr&Six f w H ifjyvmI aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (28) &ufae@wiG f v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf ya=umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf (961) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (435) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? awmifOuUvmyòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (66 534) OD; teuf (51 444) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (48 321) rJ &&Scd yhJ gonf? ,if;cdik v f akH omqENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;toD;oD;u atmufyg twdik ;f &&S=d uygonf?

320

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 35395 (u) OD;cifarmifausmf

&mckid Ef e_ ;f

(c)

OD;pkd;vGif

wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD?

11012

22 ² 79

(*)

OD;wifpdef

'Drkdua&pDygwD

440

0 ² 91

ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (25) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf &hJ onf? aetdrf wGiaf q;ukor_caH e&mrS 1999 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

73 ² 25

jynfaxmifp'k rD u dk a&pDygwrD sm; tzGJ@csKyf?

0 ² 17

(i)

OD;xGef;&if

'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D§+idrf;)

931

1 ² 89

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OD;jrifhvGif

jynf a xmif p k t rsKd ; om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD

476

0 ² 98

2? odk@ygI txufyg v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;teuf trSwfpOf (u)yg cdkifvHkaom qENrJ trsm;qHk;&&Sdonfh OD;cifarmifausmfonf &efukefwdkif;/ awmifOuUvmyòrd e,f jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 41 yk'frcGJ (*) ESifhtnD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1445) (1360 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 11 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 25 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? OD;wifuu kd t kd m; &efuek w f ikd ;f xef;wyifòr e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqEN e,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m; &oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &efuek w f ikd ;f xef;wyif òrd e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;wifuu kd u kd rdro d nf ,cktcg use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef ,if;.qENt avsmuf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;wifuu kd . kd wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;wifuu kd t kd m; ,ae@rpS I xef;wyifòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

22? xef;wyifòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;wifuu kd /kd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f OD;wifuu kd o kd nf xef;wyifòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (26 667) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ydik /f trd a':wifwif}u;D wk@d rS 1923 ckEpS /f rwfv (18) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifuu kd o kd nf A[dt k rsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;/ rE aW v;rS q,fwef;atmif+y;D aemuf 1948 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd Yf Oypmtxufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1949 ckEpS rf S 1973 ckEpS t f xd 'kw, d Adv k rf S 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }uD;txd umuG,af &;0ef}uD;Xme/ taemufajrmufwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyf/ 1973 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd OD;aqmif!e$ =f um;a&;r ;/ owWKwGi;f 0ef}uD;Xme/ 1980 jynfEh pS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd A[ef;òr d e,fw&m;ol}u;D / 1988 ckEpS /f rwfvrS =o*kwv f twGi;f wyfrawmfwyfr; a[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[dk aumfrwD (jyef=um;a&;) tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmuf vSr;f a&;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; (,if;wd@k tac: {nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJ&h mrS 1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D wGif use;f rma&;tajctaeqd;k 0g;ojzifh aetdrw f iG af q;0g;ukor_c, H El ikd &f eftwGuf 1999

&[ef;/ ausmif;'g,um 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;wifudkudk (+idrf;) (=unf;-5635) touf (78) ESpf &efuek òf r d / A[ef;òr d e,f/ oHviG v f rf;/ trSwf (46§at) ae OD;usi-f a':wifwif}u;D wd@k . om;/ a':cifapm&D. cspv f pS mG aomcifyeG ;f / OD;rsK;d OD;-aemfa*;csr;f / OD;rsK;d xl;(C/O G.C. Shipping)/ a':cifxm;&D/ a':cifrsK;d oZif/ OD;rsK;d cdik f (4/E R. CL Shipping)/ Capt. wifarmifrsK;d xGÉf (Huap Choon Shipping

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

322

321

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Co.)/ a': jzLjzLrmwd@k . aus;Zl;&Siaf rG;ozcif/ &efrsK;d ausm/f cifrsK;d jrwfcsr;f / aZmfrsK;d xuf/ pnfor l sK;d xGÉw f @kd .

cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;armify/k trd a':0ufw@kd rS 1943 ckEpS /f rwfv (13) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? vSn;f ul; òrd e,f/ aygub f avmufaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGe;f tke;f onf (9) wef;xd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1976 ckEpS w f iG f a':pef;EkEiS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygw0D if/ 1985 ckEpS rf S 1988 ck E S p f t xd r&rf ; uk e f ; òrd e,f jynf o l @ aumif p D 0 if t jzpf a qmif & G u f c J h o nf ? ygwD p H k ' D r d k u a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1419) jzifh jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif;a=unmcJo h nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsuf t& 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g pmtrSwf - 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? 2002 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (18) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

tbd;k jzpfol 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D wifuu kd kd (+ird ;f ) onf (30-5-99) &uf eHeuf (11 ; 56) em&DwiG f txufyg aetdrYf uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygojzifh (1-6-99) &uf (t*F gae@) nae (3) em&DwiG f a&a0;tat;wdu k rf S a&a0;okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk

23? '*Hòk r e,frq J ENe,f? OD;atmifaZmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;atmifaZmfonf '*Hkòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (6 512) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (46 ² 65) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;rif;ol (*Dwpmqk)d / trd a':=unf=unfw@kd .om; jzpfonf? &efuek fòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? 1967 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (29) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;atmifaZmfonf r*Fvmawmif!eG @f tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif; trSw(f 3)/ '*Ht k pd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ pdu k yf sK;d arG;jrLa&;txufwef;ausmif; (awmifi)l / ysO;f rem;pdu k yf sK;d a&;odyw H` @kd wiG f pdu k yf sK;d a&;'Dyvdrk m aemufq;kH ESpt f xd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1987 ckEpS t f xd v,f,mpdu k yf sK;d a&;aumfyakd &;&Si;f (¶H;k csKyf) tvkyo f if0efxrf;/ 1987 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyrf ES kwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf ,SOòf yid o f l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf toufti,fq;kH jzpf+y;D / tpd;k &tr_xrf; trsm;pkEiS hf ppfwyftodik ;f t0dik ;f trsm;pkaexdik o f nfh rJqENe,fwiG f wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwrD S ,SOòf yid zf uf OD;ndr;f armiftm; (437) rJtomjzifh tEdik &f &Scd o hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (18) &ufae@ wGif uG,v f eG o f nf? OD;atmifaZmf (c) OD;atmifol touf (48) ESpf &efuek w f ikd ;f / '*Hòk r d opf (awmifyikd ;f ) òr d e,f/ (65) &yfuu G /f {&m0wDvrf;/ trSwf (640) ae OD;rif;ol - a':=unf=unfw@kd . om;/ OD;armifarmiftek ;f - a':cifaX;ol/ (OD;armifarmifEikd )f - a':cifjrifo h l wd@k . nD§armif/ OD;qef;jrifh - a': jrjrol/ OD;rsK;d ol - a':rGerf eG w f @kd . tud/k a':pef;pef;a0. cifyeG ;f / rESif;a0atmif/ armifxufa0atmif/ armifòzd;a0atmif/ rtdk;a0atmif/ armifZifa0atmifwdk@. zcifonf (18-11-2005) &uf eHeuf (10 ; 15) em&DwiG f txufygaetdrw f iG f uG,v f eG yf gI (2011-2005) &uf nae (4) em&DwiG f a&a0;okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D oò* [ õ yf grnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 24? '*Hkòr opfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;tkef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;xGe;f tke;f onf '*Hòk r d opfòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (21 636) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 54) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

323

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1419) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 4 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? OD;xGef;tHk;tm; &efukefwdkif; '*Hkòr opfòr e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&ol tjzpf rS EkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &efuek w f ikd ;f / '*Hòk rd opf òrd e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;xGe;f tk;H u rdro d nf ,cktcg wm0efux kd rf;aqmifEikd jf cif;r&Sad wmhygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;xGe;f tk;H .wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;xGe;f tk;H tm; ,ae@rpS I '*Hòk r d opfòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

324

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

&[ef;'g,um}uD; OD;xGef;tkef; touf (60) &efuek òf r d / r&rf;uke;f òr d e,f/ (5) &yfuu G af e (OD;armify-k a':0uf) wd@k . om;/ trSwf 214 (E)/ rpd;k &draf usmif;vrf;/ ud;k rdik /f r&rf;uke;f òr d e,fae a':pef;Ek. cifyeG ;f / raucdik x f eG ;f / armifaZmfrif;cdik w f @kd . arG;ozcif/ OD;pd;k 0if;-a':ode;f 0if;/ OD;pHaiG-a': jrifph ed /f OD;vSa&$-a': jrifjh rifph ef;/ OD;cifnKd -a':Edik Ef ikd 0f if;wd@k . tud}k u;D OD;xGe;f tke;f onf (18-7-2002) &ufwiG f uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygI (20-7-2002) (paeae@) nae (3) em&DwiG f a&a0;okomefY rD;oò* [ õ yf grnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 25? 'vòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdef0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pde0f if;onf 'vòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 417) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 47) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHchJ &onf? rdwv D mòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? 1953 ckEpS /f arv (13) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;!Ge@f / trd a':vS=unfw@kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;pde0f if;onf rdwv D mòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmif jrifI 1975 ckEpS w f iG f rauG;aumvdyrf S odyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd uDvaD ps;yG¶J kH vkyif ef;/ 1982 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd blro d wÎKOD;pD;Xme "mwfccGJ ef;r ;/ 1985 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd uDvaD ps;yG¶J v kH yk if ef;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif uDvaD ps;or*~ twGi;f a&;r ;/ ausmif;om; v_y&f mS ;r_}uD;=uyfa&;aumfrwD &dumQ tzJ@G r; / trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wkid ;f pnf;tzG@J 0if tjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g pmtrSwf - 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (439) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf)

aom qENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uygonf? pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; 'Drkdu&ufwpfvl@tcGifhta&; 293 (u) a':cifoDwm (c) ruwl; ygwD?

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268

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163

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144

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1 ² 21

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ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? 'vòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,fwiG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (36 813) OD;teuf (27 148) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfq h ENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (24 289) rJ&&Scd yhJ gonf? ,if;cdik v f kH

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

325

326

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

OD;pdef0if; (49) ESpf

a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0ifciG u hf kd vnf;ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (13) &ufEiS hf (14) &ufae@rsm;wGif OD;apmEdik ;f Edik ;f / &efuek w f ikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J 0if OD;pd;k [ef/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dXk mecsKyf¶;kH tzG@J 0if OD;xGe;f jrif/h A[ef;òr d e,f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J OuUÏ OD;atmifjrifh (uAsmq&m-zsmyHk eDvOkH ;D )/ 'kw, d OuUÏ OD;pd;k / uGr;f jcu H ek ;f òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J OuUÏ OD;ausmpf ed af tmif/ 'kw, d OuUÏrsm; jzpf=uonfh OD;xde0f if;/ OD;pdeaf X;/ twGi;f a&;rª; OD;aZmfO;D / b¾ma&;rª; OD;pef;òrid /f pnf;tzG@J 0if OD;wif !Ge@f w@kd tm; tm%mydik rf sm;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D OD;apmEdik ;f Edik ;f ESihf (5) OD;tm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsuaf &;om;r_jzifh tvkyEf iS hf axmif'%f (21) ESppf D csrw S cf hJ onf?

B.Sc. (Chemistry)

(rauG;aumvdyf-1975) (rdw Dvm) &efuek òf r d ae (OD;!Ge@f )-a':vS=unfw@kd .om;}u;D / ¡OD;atmifu;kd -+ird ;f -txu (3) Adv k w f axmif ausmif;tky}f u;D -a':ESi;f &D¢wd@k . om;oruf/ Adv k }f u;D ausmw f ifh (+ird ;f ) . nD/ OD;ae0if;-a':cifr}u;D / OD;rsK;d 0if; (P.M.G.)-a':=unf=unf0if;(tvu 7/ awmifOuUvm)/ OD;rdk;[def;/ OD;odef;aZmf (A[dkb%f)a':cifjrif=h unf (pdu k yf sK;d a&;)/ OD;aevif;!Ge@f -a':cif0g0gvif;wd@k . tud}k uD;/ awmifOuUvmyòrd e,f/ (9) &yfuu G /f opPmvrf;/ tdrt f rSwf (62)ae a':cifaX;jrifh (tvu-4/ awmifOuUvm/ +ird ;f ). cspv f pS mG aomcifyeG ;f / armifxifvif;atmif (yESpf yx0D/ '*Hw k uUov kd )f . zcif}u;D onf (23-8-2001) &ufwiG f uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygojzifh (25-8-2001) &uf(paeae@) nae (3) em&DwiG f a&a0;tat;wdu k rf S a&a0; okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D oò*[ õ rf nfjzpfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk

OD;at;=uL (c) rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif; (c) OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;/ OD;pdefxGef;ausmfwkd@(5) OD; 0kdif;0ef;a&;om;onhf a=unmcsuf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;/ A[ef;òr e,f/ &efukefòr ?

26? a'gyòkH r e,frq J ENe,f?

OD;jrarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrarmifonf a'gyòkH r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (15 375) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 48) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 0rf;wGi;f òr d e,f/ wrmuke;f aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bk;d wif/ trd a':qdik w f @kd rS 1925 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (28) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;jrarmifonf Armhvw G af &;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t) zJ@G pnf;onfrS zsuo f rd ;f onftxd &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f ifAv kd v f if;,kew f yfwiG f yg0ifawmfveS cf o hJ nf? vGwv f yf a&;armfueG ;f 0if (wwd,qif)h &I owWrwef;txd ausmif;ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 27? ykZeG af wmifòr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;Edkif;Edkif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f onf ykZeG af wmifòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 107) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (79 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? usKu d x f òkd r d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;apmbode;f .om;jzpfonf? 1942 ckEpS /f {+yv D (3) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f onf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G EiS hf pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S tkycf sKyrf E_ iS phf rD cH ef@caGJ &;ynm ('Dtrfat) bJ@G veG w f @kd toD;oD;&&Scd o hJ nf// 1967 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd refae*smukeo f , G af &;/ 1983 ckEpS w f iG f rdrq d ENtav#muftvkyrf ES kwx f u G I f u|r;f usirf _ today;0efxrf;ESihf twdik yf ifct H jzpf aqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? ykZeG af wmifòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f OuUÏtjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? jypfrq _ ikd &f m Oya' yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfh

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ tzGJ@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsuf? 1? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf w&m;0if&yfwnfv#u&f aSd omEdik if aH &;ygwjD zpfonf? od@k twGuf w&m;0ifaomygwpD nf;¶k;H a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk w&m;0ifvyk u f ikd cf iG &hf +Sd y;D jzpfonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ygwDpnf;¶kH;a&;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; a=umifh rnfonft h cg/ rnfonfah e&mwGirf # w&m;Oya'pk;kd rd;k a&;udv k nf;aumif;/ &yf&mG at;csr;f wnf+ird af &;udv k nf;aumif; taESmift h ,Sujf zpfcjhJ cif;r&daS y? Ttcsurf sm;onf rnforl # rjiif;y,f Edik af omtcsurf sm; jzpfonf? 2? TrSeu f efcsurf sm;udk Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifpt D aejzifv h nf; od&+Sd y;D jzpf onf? od@k ygvsuf &efuek w f ikd ;f twGi;f &dS uGe;f jcu H ek ;f òr d ESihf aumhr;ª òr d rsm;od@k omG ;aom a':atmifqef; pk=unf. w&m;0ifpnf;¶kH;a&;c&D;pOfudk ,kwWdrwefaomta=umif;jycsufrsm;jzifh Oya'rJh/ [ef@wm; ydwq f @kd xm;,Hrk #ru tiftm;oH;k Iaetdro f @kd jyefy@kd +y;D tzG@J csKyf.OuUÏ tygt0if A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif tzG@J 0iftm;vH;k wd@k tm; aetdrt f oD;oD;wGiw f m;qD;ydwq f @kd xm;onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ XmecsKyf¶;Hk udv k nf; ntcsed rf awmfwiG f 0ifa&mufp;D eif;I tzG@J csKyf. w&m;0ifpm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;ESihf ¶k;H oH;k ypPn;f rsm;udk Oya'rJh odr;f qnf;oGm;onf? TOya'rJv h yk &f yfrsm;udk tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;u jyif; xefpmG uef@uu G ¶f w _ cf svu kd o f nf? Tod@k Oya'rJv h yk af qmifjcif;jzifh tzG@J csKyf. w&m;0if&yfwnfr_ ESihf tzG@J csKyf0ifrsm;.aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf _ tiftm;udv k nf;aumif;/ jynfov l x l . k axmufcrH u _ v kd nf; aumif;/ csed @J tm;enf;atmif ðyvkyEf ikd rf nfr[kwaf y? 3? ,if;vky&f yftm;vH;k onf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifpu D , kd w f ikd u f w&m;Oya'

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

328

327

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

pd;k rd;k a&;udk zsuq f ;D vdu k jf cif;jzpfonfuv kd nf; rnforl # jiif;y,fvrd rhf nfr[kwaf y? Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&; ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpu D , kd w f ikd u f ,if;uJo h @kd Oya'rJðh yr_aqmif&u G cf surf sm;a=umifh Ekid if aH wmf wGiñf uaH wG@ae&aom taxGaxGjy\emrsm;/ tusyt f wnf;rsm; ajyaysmufomG ;jcif; r&d, S rkH #ru/ ydI k ydI k omqd;k &Gm;vm+yD; aemufq;kH Y xdef;rEdik /f odrf ;f r&jzpfvmEdik b f , G &f mom&do S nf? Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpu D tpOfaºu;G a=umfaeaom acwfrrD @HG òz;d wd;k wufonfh 'Drakd &pD Edik if aH wmf}u;D ay:ayguaf &;onfvnf; rnfo@kd r#jzpfay:vmEdik rf nf r[kwaf y? xd@k jyif ,Ofaus;odraf rG@I todw&m;jrifrh m;aomEkid if rH sm;wGif jzpfay:avh&o Sd nfh Edik if aH &;pepf +ird ;f csr;f pGmtoGiu f ;l ajymif;r_rsK;d udv k nf; az:aqmifEidk rf nfr[kwaf y? 4? tu,fpifppftm;jzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfwnf&dSaejcif;onf wdik ;f jynfwiG f Edik if aH &;t=urf;zufrr_ sm;ESihf vufeufuikd yf ËdyuQrsm;udak vsmyh g;apayonf? wdik ;f &if;om; aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf y_ rkd ckd ikd rf ma&; tvm;tvmaumif;rsm;udjk zpfay:aponft h jyif awmifov l ,form;/ tvkyo f rm;/ jynfot l rsm;ESiahf usmif;om;vli,frsm;wd@k . ar#mv f ifch surf sm;jynf0h aprnfh tiftm; yifjzpfonf? od@k ygI tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;tm;vH;k udk vGwv f yfpmG v_y&f mS ;oGm;vmEdik af &;twGuf [ef@wm;ydwyf ifrr_ sm;udk csujf cif;¶kyo f rd ;f ay;&ef/ tzG@J csKyfXmecsKyf¶;Hk udjk yefvnfziG v hf pS +f y;D w&m;0ifEikd if H a&;ygww D ck. vGwv f yfciG hf rsm;/ vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udt k jynft h 0ay;&ef av;eufpmG awmif;qdv k u kd o f nf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm;? 1362 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhae@ 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (12) &uf?

Ekid ;f ESifh tr_rx S u G af jy;wdr;f a&Smifaeol tifet f ,fv'f yD gwD {&m0wDwidk ;f / 'kOuUÏ OD;pdex f eG ;f ausmf wk@d onf (10-9-2000) &ufae@EiS fh (12-9-2000) &ufae@wiG f OD;apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f (c) OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f . aetdrf cef;wGif pka0;awG@qkHI a':pk=unfESihfpDtD;pDtzJG@0ifrsm; aetdrfwGifoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;r_ uef@owfxm;r_ukd tjrefvw $ af y;&ef/ XmecsKyf¶;Hk ESifh wkid ;f ¶k;H ydwx f m;jcif;ukd jyefziG afh y;&ef/ tpk;d &/ tifet f ,fv'f ED iS hf wkid ;f &if; om;tzJ@G 0ifrsm;ygaom (3) yGiq fh idk af wG@qaHk qG;aEG;a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&u G &f efEiS fh Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zH@G òz;d a&;aumifp. D Oya'rhv J yk &f yfrsm;ukd uef@uu G ¶f w _ cf s&ef ponfw@dk yg0ifaom (129-2000) &ufae@pyGJ g trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=unmcsuu f dk 0kid ;f 0ef; wkid yf ifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS jf cif;/ tar&duefo¶H ;Hk rSwqihf ADt G adk ttoHvi$ Xfh meok@d ay;yk@d jcif;wk@d udk vkyaf qmifc=Jh ua=umif; ppfaq;awG@&&Sd ojzihf 4if;wk@d (6) OD;tay: 1950 jynhEf pS /f ta&;ay: pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) jzihf ta&;,lay;yg&ef owif;wyfz@GJ rS 'k&rJ ª;OD;vSjrihu f oufaocH (u) jzihf A[ef;&Jpcef;wGiw f idk w f ef;&mrS ay:ayguv f maomtr_jzpfonf? tr_wiG f 'k&rJ ª;OD;vSjrihf (vkjd y-1)/ &Jtyk af Zmfrif; (vkjd y-2)/ OD;ausmpf ;dk / OD;wifxËG f (vkjd y-3 ESifh 4) ESifh &Jtyk af usmaf usmv f i_d f (vkjd y-5) wk@d udk ppfaq;cho J nf? if;wk@d u wkid cf suu f dk oufaocH (u) ESifh wkid cf surf w d LW ukd oufaocH (u-1) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ tifet f ,fv'f yD gw0D ifrsm;. oabmxm; a=ujimcsuu f dk rl&if;pmrlEiS u fh eG yf sLwm ¶ku d Ef ydS +f y;D pmrlw@dk udk oufaocH (c) ESifh (c-2) wk@d t& &SmazGypHk u H dk oufaocH (*) tjzpf if;/ OD;atmif&iS w f @dk u trsK;d om;axmufvrS ;f a&;tzJ@G xw H iG f tppfccH surf sm;ukd oufaocH (C) rS (ps) xdvnf;aumif; wifjy=uonf? 'k&rJ ª;OD;vSjrihf (vkjd y-1)/ &Jtyk af Zmfrif; (vkjd y-2)/ &SmazGypHk o H ufao &efuif;&,u OuUÏESifh tzJ@G 0if OD;ausmpf ;dk (vkjd y-3) ESifh OD;wifxËG /f tr_ppft&m&d&S t J yk af usmaf usmv f i_d f (vkjd y-5)wk@d u OD;atmif &Siw f nf;ckcd o Jh nfh omauw/ xef;awmy&d,wWpd moifwu dk o f @dk wufa&muf&mS azG&m trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pD tzJ@G 0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=ujimcsuw f apmifEiS fh uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS x f m;aom a=ujimcsuf (5) apmif ukad wG@&o Sd nht f wGuf oufaovl}u;D rsm;a&S wGiyf if &SmazGypHk jH zihf odr;f qnf;chaJ =umif;/ xk@d jyif if;wk@d onf tqkyd goabmxm;a=ujimcsuu f dk 0kid ;f 0ef;wkid yf ifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS jf cif;wk@d ðyvkyyf gonf[I l trsK;d om;axmufvrS ;f a&;tzJ@G xw H iG f tppfccH =Jh ua=umif;/ xkpd pfa=umcsurf sm;ukd oufaocH (C) rS ( ) wk@d jzpfa=umif; ponfjzihf xGuq f cdk =Jh uonf? w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;ESihf if;wkd@wifjyaomoufaocHpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;t& w&m;cH OD;at;=uL (c) rk&H mG atmif&iS /f OD;atmifjrih/f OD;pk;d [ef/ OD;xGe;f jrih/f OD;apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f (c) OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f wk@d tay:wGif 1950 jynhEf pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) t&pJcG suw f if&ef jrifomaom taxmuftxm; rsm;&do S nht f wGuf if;wk@d tay:wifoiG ;f onhf Oya'yk'rf 5 (n) jzihf pJcG suw f ifco Jh nf? Ttr_EiS q fh ufpyfr&_ +dS y;D jypfra_ o;trSwf - 30§2000 rS xGuaf jy;aeol OD;pdex f eG ;f ausmt f ay: jypfrq _ idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya'yk'rf - 87§88 t& aqmif&u G rf nfjzpfonf? ppfaq;+y;D chaJ omw&m;vkjd youfaorsm;teufrS tr_ppft&m&dS OD;ausmaf usmv f i_d u f dk jyefac: oufaotjzpf ppfaq;ch=J uonf? OD;ausmaf usmv f i_d u f w&m;cHrsm;onf tqkyd g oabmxm;a=unm csuu f dk Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }u;D xHo@dk ay;yk@d &ef &nf&, G cf o Jh nfqv dk #irf [kwaf =umif;/ tqkyd goabmxm; a=unm csuw f iG f jynfov l x l u k dk qlyt l ºHk urG j_ zpfap&ef&nf&, G o f nfh pum;vk;H tok;H tE_e;f ryg&[ Sd q k v dk #if r[kwf

a=unmcsufa&;om;olrsm;tm; 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t& axmif (7) ESpf csvkdufonhf w&m;¶kH;tr_wJG? pD&ifcsufykHpH &mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;¶kH;awmfY 2000 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 14 &ufae@? 2000 ckESpf/ &mZ0wf}uD;r_trSwf - 23 'k&Jrª; vSjrihf w&m;vkd ESihf OD;at;=uL (c) rkH&Gmatmif&Sif yg - 5 w&m;cH 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t& pJGqkdr_? pD&ifcsuf tr_rmS OD;at;=uL (c) rk&H mG atmif&iS /f OD;atmifjrih/f OD;pk;d [ef/ OD;xGe;f jrih/f OD;apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f (c) OD;Ekid ;f

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a=umif; ponfjzihf ajzqkcd o Jh nf? w&m;cH OD;at;=uLu rdro d nf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;.wm0efay;csut f & oabmxm;a=unmpmwrf; rl=urf;ukad &;om;+y;D tzJ@G 0ifrsm;ukzd wfapchaJ =umif;/ pmacsma&;om;&efwm0efay;onht f wGuf pmacsm a&;+y;D Ekid if aH wmft}u;D tuJxaH y;yk@d &rnhpf mjzpfonht f wGuf uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ySd cf idk ;f chaJ =umif;/ rdrw d nf;ck&d m omauw xef;awmy&d,wWad usmif;wGix f m;chaJ =umif;/ qlyv l @H_ aqmfonhpf um;vk;H rsm; ryga=umif;/ tar&duefo¶H ;Hk ok@d oGm;ay;chjJ cif;vnf;r&daS =umif; ponfjzihf xGuq f o dk nf? OD;atmifjrihu f vnf; rdrw d @dk tzJ@G csKyfv}l uD;rsm;. oGm;vmr_csKyfcs,u f ef@owfxm;jcif;udp/P XmecsKyf¶;Hk ESifh wkid ;f ¶k;H rsm;ydwx f m;onhu f pd EP iS yfh wfoufI vli,frsm;onf rdrw d @dk tzJ@G 0ifwOD; tokb tdrw f iG f if;/ OD;pk;d [ef.ZeD; vjynhq f rG ;f au|;onhaf e@wiG f if;/ vli,frsm; rausreyfajymqkad 0zef=u a=umif;/ rvkv d m;tyfaomjy\emrsm;jzpfay:rnfp;dk onht f wGuf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;ESiw fh idk yf if+y;D w&m;0iftzJ@G tpnf;jzpfonhf rdrw d @dk ygw0D ifrsm;taejzihf Ekid if aH wmft}u;D tuJxw H iG f wifjy&ef&nf&, G +f y;D vkyaf qmifcJh =ujcif;jzpfa=umif; ponfjzihx f u G q f o dk nf? w&m;cHO;D pk;d [efrmS w&m;¶k;H csKyfa&S aejzpfonf? if;.wkid cf suEf iS fh w&m;vkjd youfaorsm;. xGucf surf sm;onf (10-9-2000) ae@u rdryd g0ifaqG;aEG;cho J nf[k yg&aSd omfvnf; r[kwaf =umif;/ tzJ@G 0if OD;xGe;f jrih. f ta=umif;=um;pmt& vli,frsm;ukd ajzmifzh saqG;aEG;ay;&efajymonht f wGuf (12-9-2000) &ufae@wiG f OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f tdro f @dk vmchaJ =umif;/ rdro d nf aemufq;Hk rSa&muf&jSd cif;jzpfa=umif;/ pmwrf;ukd OD;at;=uLu zwf=um;a=umif;/ rdru d Oya'ESiq fh ef@usio f nhpf um;vk;H rsm; ryg0ifap&ef ajym=um;+y;D jyefcJh a=umif;/ aemufyidk ;f wGif uGeyf sLwm¶ku d o f nhu f pd rP sm;ukd rdrrd oda=umif;xGuq f o dk nf? tzJ@G 0if OD;xGe;f jrihu f rdrx d t H a=umif;=um;onhpf monf tdrw f iG &f ySd ga=umif;/ jypfrq _ idk &f m usix fh ;Hk Oya' 94 t& &SmazG0&rf;xkwo f ih+f y;D / odr;f qnf;oihyf ga=umif; wifjyonf? if;onf (10-92000) &ufae@u aqG;aEG;&mwGif yg0ifjcif;r&do S nhw f idk af tmif (12-9-2000) &ufae@u OD;Ekid ;f Edik ;f tdro f @dk a&muf&cSd aJh =umif; if;.xGuq f cdk sut f & ay:ayguo f nht f wGuf tqkyd gpmukd &SmazGord ;f qnf;&ef rvkt d yfay? w&m;cHO;D xGe;f jrihu f tzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0ifv}l u;D rif;rsm; oGm;vmcsKyfcs,o f nhu f pd /P wkid ;f ¶k;H ESiXfh me csKyf¶kH;rsm; ydwfxm;onhfudpPwkd@tay: vli,frsm;rausreyfjzpfyGm;r_ukd +idrfoufoGm;ap&eftvkd@iSm rdrw d @dk tcsi;f csi;f wkid yf if+y;D a=unmcsuw f apmifuadk &;om;+y;D / Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }u;D xHwifjy&ef &nf&, G jf cif;om jzpfa=umif;/ Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;a&;ukd xdcu dk af pvko d nh&f nf&, G cf surf &daS =umif; ponfjzihx f u G q f o dk nf? w&m;cHO;D apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f (c) OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f rS rdrt d rd w f iG v f ma&muf aqG;aEG;=uonfrmS rSeu f efyg a=umif;/ tzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0ifv}l u;D rsm;uef@owfjcif;udp/P wkid ;f ¶k;H ESiXfh mecsKyf¶;Hk ydwx f m;onhu f pd u P dk tzJ@G 0if vli,frsm; rausreyfjzpfonfudk rvkv d m;tyfaomjy\emrjzpfap&ef &nf&, G cf sujf zihf a=unmcsuf a&;om;+y;D wifjy&ef &nf&, G yf ga=umif;/ uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS jf cif;rSm rdrrd oda=umif;xGuq f o dk nf? w&m;cHrsm;onf trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@ESihf rdrdwkd@jypfr_usL;vGefchJonfrsm;ukd xkwaf zmf0efcH ajymqkad =umif; ppfa=umcsurf sm;&daS ea=umif;awG@&onf? oufaocHOya'yk'rf 24 wGif azmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +crd ;f ajcmufjcif;/ uwdðyjcif;wk@d ðyvkyaf =umif;ay:vGix f if&mS ;jcif;r&do S nhf axmufvrS ;f a&;tzJ@G 0ifxaH y;chaJ omppfa=umcsurf sm;ukd vufcEH idk pf &mta=umif;r&daS cs[I l jynfaxmif pk jrefrmEkid if aH wmfEiS fh OD;&Jaemifyg-2 tr_1 wGif xk;H zJ@G xm;onf?

,cktr_onfw&m;cHrsm;u aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +crd ;f ajcmufjcif;/ uwdðyjcif;wk@d ðyvkyaf =umif; ay: vGif xif&mS ;jcif;r&daS y? xk@d a=umihf if;wk@d u wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;xHay;chaJ om ppfa=umcsurf sm; onf vufrcHEidk pf &mta=umif;r&daS y? tqkyd gppfa=umcsurf sm;rSm oufaocH (C) rS ( ) xd jzpfonf? ,if;ppfaq;csurf sm;ESifh w&m;vkjd youfaorsm;.tppfccH surf sm;aygi;f pyfv#it f rsK;d om;'Drdk ua&pDtzJ@G rS OD;at;=uL/ OD;atmifjrih/f OD;pk;d [ef/ OD;xGe;f jrih/f OD;apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f (c) OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f ESifh xGuaf jy; wdr;f a&Smifaeol OD;pdex f eG ;f ausmw f @dk onf OD;pk;d [efrt S y (10-9-2000) ae@wiG f if;/ (12-9-2000) ae@wiG f if;/ if;wk@d tm;vk;H OD;apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f tdrw f iG pf ak 0;awG@qI Hk a':pk=unfEiS fh pDt;D pDtzJ@G 0ifrsm; aetdrw f iG f oGm;vmv_y&f mS ;r_ uef@owfxm;jcif;udpu P dk tjrefvw G af y;&ef/ XmecsKyf¶;Hk ESifh wkid ;f ¶k;H ydwx f m;jcif;ukd jyefziG afh y;&ef/ tpk;d &/ tifet f ,fv'f ED iS fh wkid ;f &if;om;tzJ@G 0ifrsm;yg0ifaom ok;H yGiq fh idk af qG;aEG;a&;ukd tjref aqmif&u G &f efEiS fh Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;zH@G òz;d a&;aumifp. D Oya'rhv J yk &f yfrsm;ukd uef@uu G ¶f w _ cf s &efygonf? (12-9-2000) ae@pyGJ g trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsuf oufaocH (c-1) ESifh (c-2) wk@d udk 0kid ;f 0ef;wkid yf if aqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS jf cif; wk@d udk vkyaf qmifc=Jh ua=umif; ay:ayguo f nf? OD;atmif&iS w f @dk u tqkyd ga=unmcsuu f dk Ekid if aH wmft}u;D tuJjzpfonhf Akv d cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D xHwifjy&ef &nf&, G cf sujf zihf a&;om;onho f abmrsK;d xkacsaomfvnf; tqkyd g a&;om;onhpf mt&vnf; Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }u;D xH today;wifjyonho f abmrsK;d a&;om;xm;jcif;r[kwb f /J jynfaxmifpv k ðHk caH &;ukv d nf;aumif;/ +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_udk xdcu dk af ponhf tok;H tE_e;f rsm;vnf; yg0ifa=umif; vnf;awG@&&Sd onf? ok@d jzpfI if;wk@d onf 1950 jynhEf pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) yg jypfru _ u dk sL;vGef onf[k qk&d rnfjzpfayonf?

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trdef@ OD;atmif&iS f (c) OD;at;=uL (b) OD;bk;d 0if;/ OD;atmifjrihf (c) zsmykeH v D OHk ;D (b) OD;bef'/k OD;pk;d [ef (b) OD;b&Sed /f OD;xGe;f jrihf (b) OD;=unfarmif/ OD;apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f (c) Ekid ;f Ekid ;f (b) OD;apmbode;f wk@d onf 1950 ckEpS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) t& tjypf&o Sd jzihf tvkyEf iS afh xmif (7) ESppf u D scaH p&ef trde@f csrw S v f u dk o f nf? axmif'%frS csKyf&ufrsm;ukd xkwfEkwfcHpm;ap? ykH§»»» (bausmf) wJGzuf wkdif;w&m ;ol}uD; (4) &efukefwkdif;/ w&m;¶kH;? 1? 1991 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxkH; pm - 63

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a=unmcsufa&;om;olrsm;tm; 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihf xkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr (17) ESihf yk'fr (20) t& pkpkaygif; axmif (14) ESpfcsvkdufonhf w&m;¶kH;tr_wJG? pD&ifcsufykHpH &mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;¶kH;awmfY 2000 jynhfESpf/ 'DZifbmv 14 &ufae@ 2000 jynhfESpf/ &mZ0wfr_}uD;trSwf - 24 'k&Jrª; vSjrihf w&m;vkd ESihf OD;at;=uL (c) rkH&Gmatmif&Sif yg - 5 w&m;cH 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr - 17§20 t& pJGr_? pD&ifcsuf tr_rmS OD;at;=uL (c) rk&H mG atmif&iS /f OD;atmifjrih/f OD;xGe;f jrih/f OD;apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f (c) OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f ESifh xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifaeol tifeft,fvf'DygwD {&m0wDwkdif;pnf; 'k-OuUÏ OD;pdefxGef;ausmfwkd@onf (10-9-2000) ae@EiS fh (12-9-2000) ae@w@dk wiG f OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f .aetdrw f iG pf ak 0;awG@qI Hk a':pk=unfEiS fh pDt;D pDtzJ@G 0ifrsm; aetdrw f iG o f mG ;vmv_y&f mS ;r_uef@owfxm;r_udk tjrefjyefvw $ af y;&ef/ XmecsKyf¶;Hk ESifh wkid ;f ¶k;H ydwx f m;r_udk zGiafh y;&ef/ tpk;d &/ tifet f ,fv'f ED iS fh wkid ;f &if;om;tzJ@G rsm;ygaom (3) yGiq fh idk f aqG;aEG; a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&u G &f efEiS fh Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizfh @GH òzd;a&;aumifp. D Oya'rhv J yk af qmif csurf sm;ukd ¶_wcf s&ef (12-9-2000) &ufpyGJ g trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0ifrsm;. oabmxm; a=unmcsuu f dk 0kid ;f 0ef;wkid yf ifjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS jf cif;/ tar&duefo¶H ;Hk rSwqihf ADt G adk t toHvi$ Xfh meok@d toHvi$ Efh idk &f ef oGm;a&mufay;yk@d jcif;rsm;vkyaf qmifc&Jh m ,if;ok@d a&;om;¶ku d Ef ydS jf zef@ a0chjJ cif;rsm;onf oufqidk &f mcGiðfh ycsuw f pkw H &mr&db S J vkyaf qmifcjJh cif;jzpfonht f wGuf if;wk@d (6) OD; tay: 1962 ckEpS /f ykEH ydS o f rl sm;ESifh xkwaf 0olrsm;rSwyf w Hk ifOya' yk'rf - 17§20 jzihf tr_ziG t fh a&;,lay; yg&ef owif;wyfz@GJ rS 'k-&Jr;ª OD;vSjrifu h wkid w f ef;&mrS ay:ayguv f maomtr_jzpfonf? tr_wiG f 'k-&Jr;ª OD;vSjrifh (vkjd y-1)/ &Jtyk af Zmfrif; (vkjd y-2)/ OD;ausmpf ;dk ESiOfh ;D wifxËG f (vkjd y-3 ESifh 4 ) ESifh tr_ppft&m&dS &Jtyk af usmaf usmv f i_d w f @dk updk pfaq;cho J nf? wkid cf suu f kd oufaocH (u) ESifh (u-1) wk@d t& if;/ &SmazGypHk u H dk oufaocH (c) tjzpf if;/ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=unmcsuu f dk oufaocH (c-1) t& if;/ tqkyd ga=unmcsuu f dk uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS x f m;onhf pm&Guu f dk oufaocH (c-2) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wifjyIvufco H nf? xk@d jyif OD;atmif&iS w f @dk (6) OD;u axmufvrS ;f a&;t&m&dx S w H iG f if;wk@d jypfru _ sL;vGerf E_ iS yfh wfoufI xGuq f t dk ppfccH surf sm;ukd oufaocH (*) rS (q) txdvnf;aumif; vufccH o Jh nf? 'k-&Jr;ª OD;vSjrifh (vkjd y-1)/ &Jtyk af Zmfrif; (vkjd y-2)/ &efuif;&,uOuUÏ OD;ausmpf ;dk ESifh tzJ@G 0if OD;wifxËG f (vkjd y-3 ESifh 4 )ESifh tr_ppft&m&d&S t J yk af usmaf usmv f i_d w f @dk u OD;at;=uL (c) rk&H mG atmif&iS f wnf;cko d nhf omauw xef;awmy&d,wWpd moifwu dk o f @dk (14-9-2000) &ufae@wiG f oGm;a&muf&mS azG

odr;f qnf;&m trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf0ifrsm;. (12-9-2000) &ufpyGJ g oabmxm;a=unmcsuf vufa&;rlwapmifEiS fh uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS x f m;aompm&Guf (15) &Guw f @dk udk OD;atmif&iS x f rH S oufaocH (c) &SmazGypHk jH ziho f rd ;f qnf;&rdcaJh =umif;/ tqkyd goabmxm; a=unmcsuo f nf if;wk@d (6) OD; 0kid ;f 0ef; wkid yf ifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS jf cif;/ tar&duefo¶H ;Hk rSwqihf ADt G adk ttoHvi$ Xfh meok@d toHv$ifhxkwfEkdif&efay;ykd@jcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifchJa=umif;/ ,if;okd@ a&;om;¶kdufESdyfjzef@a0ðyvkyfr_onf oufqidk &f mcGiðfh ycsuf wpkw H pf&mr&db S J vkyaf qmifcjJh cif;jzpfygonf[k xGuq f =dk uonf? OD;atmif&iS yf g (6) OD;wk@d u axmufvrS ;f a&;t&m&dx S w H iG f if;wk@d jypfru _ sL;vGeo f nf[k xGuq f dk tppfccH suf ppfa=umcsurf sm;wGiv f nf; azmfjyxm;onfuadk wG@&&Sd onf? w&m;vkjd youfaorsm;.xGuq f cdk surf sm;/ pm&Gupf mwrf;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& w&m;cH rsm;onf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf. (12-9-2000) &ufpyGJ ga=unmcsuu f dk 0kid ;f 0ef;wkid yf ifaqG;aEG; a&;om;jcif;/ uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS jf cif;rsm;onf oufqidk &f mcGiðfh ycsurf &db S J vkyaf qmifa=umif; jrifomaom oufaocHcsurf sm;&do S jzihf OD;atmif&iS yf g (6) OD;wk@d tay:wGif 1962 ckEpS /f ykEH ydS o f rl sm;ESix fh w k af 0olrsm; rSwyf w Hk ifOya' yk'rf - 17§20 t& if;/ yk'rf (20) t&vnf;aumif; pJcG suw f ifco Jh nf? OD;atmif&iS yf g (6) OD;wk@d u tjypfr&daS =umif;jiif;y,f+y;D ppfaq;+y;D aom w&m;vkjd youfaorsm; teuf tr_ppft&m&dOS ;D ausmaf usmv f i_d u f dk ac:,lppfaq;&efwifjycho J nf? tr_ppft&m&dS OD;ausmfausmfvd_iftm; jyefvnfac:,lppfaq;&mwGif if;wkd@onf tqkdyg a=unmcsut f m; qlyrl j_ zpfap&efa&;om;chjJ cif;r[kw[ f q k v dk #irf rSeaf =umif;/ uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS o f nhf udpu P kd vnf; Ekid if aH wmft}u;D tuJxH ay;yk@d &rnhpf mjzpfonht f wGuf uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS jf cif;jzpfa=umif;/ ok@d aomf vnf; xku d pd u P dk rdrw d @dk roda=umif;ar;jref;csuu f v dk nf; OD;ausmaf usmv f i_d u f rrSeaf =umif;ajzqkcd o Jh nf? Ttr_EiS q fh ufpyfr&_ aSd om jypfrt _ axGaxG trSwf - 31§2000 rS OD;pdex f eG ;f ausmt f ay: jypfrq _ idk &f musix fh ;Hk Oya' yk'rf - *7§** t& qufvufta&;,laqmif&u G &f ef qk;H jzwfco Jh nf? w&m;cH OD;at;=uL (c) rk&H mG atmif&iS u f tqkyd ga=unmcsupf mwrf;ukd tzJ@G0ifrsm;. wm0ef ay;csuf t& rdru d pm=urf;a&;om;+y;D wifjychaJ =umif;/ pmacsmukd rdrad &;ul;chaJ =umif;/ Ekid if aH wmft}u;D tuJ Akv d cf sKy rf ;ª }u;D oef;a&$xaH y;yk@d &ef &nf&, G o f nht f wGuf oyf&yfaumif;rGeaf p&ef wOD;wa,muftm; uGeyf sLwm ¶ku d Ef ydS af pchaJ =umif;/ vkyo f m;jynforl sm;qlyrl j_ zpfap&ef &nf&, G af ompum;vk;H ryga=umif;/ tzJ@G csKyf vl}u;D rsm; oGm;vmv_y&f mS ;r_csKyfcs,x f m;r_upd /P tzJ@G csKyf¶;Hk ESifh wkid ;f ¶k;H ydwx f m;r_tay: vli,fwpku rausreyfjzpfI a0zefaqG;aEG;onfudk rdrw d @dk =um;&yga=umif;/ rvkv d m;tyfaomjy\emrsm; rjzpfay:ap&eftwGuf rdrw d @dk tzJ@G 0ifrsm;wkid yf if=u+y;D Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }u;D xHwifjy&ef&nf&, G +f y;D a&;om;chjJ cif;jzpfa=umif; xkacsonf? w&m;cH OD;atmifjrif/h OD;pk;d [ef/ OD;xGe;f jrif/h OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f (c) apmEkid ;f Ekid ;f wk@d u (10-9-2000) &ufae@wiG f OD;pk;d [efrt S y wkid yf ifc=Jh ua=umif;/ (12-9-2000) &ufae@wiG f OD;pk;d [eftygt0if rdrw d @dk OD;Ekid ;f Ekid ;f tdrw f iG f xyfraH wG@qcHk =Jh u+yD; OD;atmif&iS u f pm=urf;a&;om;jcif;ðyvkyo f nfudk odyga=umif;/ ok@d aomf uGeyf sLwm¶ku d Ef ydS rf nhu f pd u P dk rdrw d @dk rodyga=umif; xkacsc=Jh uonf? tr_wGifta&;}uD;aomtaxmuftxm;w&yfrSm w&m;cHrsm;rS if;wkd@jypfr_usL;vGefr_ESihf ywfoufI trsK;d om;axmufvrS ;f a&;tzJ@G xw H iG f xkwaf zmftppfco H nhf tcsujf zpfonf? trsK;d om; axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xH w&m;cHwkd@. jypfr_usL;vGefr_ESihfywfoufI xkwfazmftppfcHcsufrsm;onf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

333

334

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

oufaocHOya' yk'rf - 24 wGif azmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ uwdxm;jcif;/ +crd ;f ajcmufjcif;ukd usL;vGeaf =umif; ay:vGix f if&mS ;jcif;r&dv S #if if;wk@d u wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzJ@G wiG f ay;chaJ om ppfa=umcsurf sm;ukd vufrcHEidk pf &m ta=umif;r&daS cs[I l jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid if aH wmfEiS fh OD;&Jaemifyg - 2 tr_1 wGif xk;H zJ@G xm;+y;D jzpfonf? ,cktr_wiG f w&m;cHw@dk jypfru _ sL;vGeyf EHk iS yfh wfoufI axmufvrS ;f a&;tzJ@G xH tppfcx H m;jcif;rSm oufaocHOya' yk'rf (24) wGif azmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +crd ;f ajcmufjcif;/ uwdðyjcif;wk@d ðyvkyf a=umif; ay:vGix f if&mS ;onfudk rawG@&ay? xk@d a=umihf if;wk@d u axmufvrS ;f a&;xHay;chaJ om ppfa=um csurf sm;ukd vufc&H rnfjzpfayonf? w&m;cHrsm;u axmufvrS ;f a&;tzJ@G xaH y;chaJ omppfa=umcsurf sm;ESifh vdjk youfao 'k&t J yk f OD;vSjrif/h &Jtyk af Zmfrif;/ tr_ppft&m&daS usmaf usmv f i_d w f @dk . &SmazGypHk o H ufaowk@d . tppfccH surf sm;t& OD;atmif&iS yf g (6) OD;wk@d onf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G 0ifrsm;u oabmxm; a=unmcsuu f dk 0kid ;f 0ef; wkid yf if aqG;aEG;a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm¶kdufESdyfjcif; jzpfa=umif;ay:aygufonf? tar&duefoH¶kH;rSwqihf ADt G adk tXmeok@d toHvi$ afh p&ef ay;yk@d xm;a=umif; taxmuftxm; xifxif&mS ;&Sm;rawG@&ay? OD;atmif &Siw f @dk u rdrw d @dk onf tqkyd goabmxm;a=unmcsuu f dk Ekid if aH wmft}u;D tuJ Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }u;D xHay;yk@d &ef &nf&, G cf surf sK;d jzihf a&;om;jcif;r[kwaf =umif; awG@&&Sd onf? OD;atmif&Sifwkd@onf oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd oufqkdif&m.cGifhðycsufawmif;cHjcif; r&daS =umif;vnf;ay:ayguo f nht f wGuf if;wk@d onf 1962 ckEpS /f ykEH ydS o f rl sm;ESix fh w k af 0olrsm;Oya' yk'rf (17) t&vnf;aumif;/ ,if;Oya' yk'rf (20) t&vnf;aumif; jypfru _ sL;vGeaf =umif;ay:ayguo f nf? w&m;cHrsm;u rdrw d @dk vyk af qmifcsuo f nf wckwnf;omjzpfonht f wGuf jypfrw _ ckwnf;jziho f m pum;&yfrsm;Oya'yk'rf (22) t& tjypfay;&ef ok@d r[kwf jypf'%fav#mah y;&ef wifjyav#mufv=J uonf? w&m;cHrsm;onf &nf&, G cf sujf cif;rwlaom oD;jcm;jypfrr_ sm;ukd usL;vGe=f ujcif;jzpfonf? 1950 jynhEf pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) onf jynfo@l w&m;ol}u;D tzJ@G !e$ =f um;csuf trSwf (9) wGif azmfjyxm;aom Ekid if aH wmfvðHk cHa&;ukx d yd g;apaom jypfrt _ rsK;d tpm;wGiyf g0ifonf? xk@d a=umihf w&m;cHrsm;.wifjycsuu f dk vufrcHEidk af y? atmufygtwkid ;f trde@f csrw S o f nf?

28? yef;bJwef;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;armifarmifatmif/ 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifh ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? OD;armifarmifatmifonf yef;bJwef;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f 'Dru kd &ufwpfwuUov kd b f @JG &ESihf ausmif; om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J ('-w-u-z) tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (7 231) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (38 ² 78) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;wifatmif/ trd a':cifat; a0wd@k rS 1966 ckEpS /f rwfv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? &efuek òf r d / r&rf;uke;f òr d e,fZmwd jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifatmifonf 1986 ckEpS w f iG f "mwkaA't"dujzifh odyb H` @JG &&Scd o hJ nf? 1987 ckEpS w f iG f r[modyH` t&nftcsi;f ppf tydik ;f (1) oifwef; wufa&mufco hJ nf? 'Dru kd &ufwpfwuUov kd b f @JG &ESihf ausmif;om; a[mif;rsm;tzG@J ('-w-u-z) wGif A[dt k wGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@wiG f e0wtrde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh 'Dru kd &ufwpfwuUov kd b f @JG &ESiahf usmif;om;a[mif;rsm; tzG@J tm; zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? od@k twGuf OD;armifarmifatmifonf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJo h nf?

trdef@ OD;atmif&iS (f c) OD;at;=uL (b) OD;bk;d 0if;/ OD;atmifjrihf (c) zsmykeH v D OHk ;D (b) OD;bef'/k OD;pk;d [ef (b) OD;b&Sdef/ OD;xGef;jrihf (b) OD;=unfarmif/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif; (c) Ekdif;Ekdif; (b) OD;apmbodef;wkd@onf 1962 ckEpS /f ykEH ydS o f rl sm;ESix fh w k af 0olrsm;rSwyf w Hk ifOya' yk'rf (17) tjypf&o Sd jzihf tvkyEf iS afh xmif'%f (7) ESpfpD uscHap&rnf? xkd@jyif ,if;Oya'yk'fr (20) t& tjypf&dSojzihf tvkyfESihfaxmif'%f (7) ESpfpDukdvnf; uscH&rnf? ykH§ »»» (bausmf) wJGzufwkdif;w&m;ol}uD; (4) &efukefwkdif;w&m;¶kH;? 1? 1991 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxkH; pm - 63

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

335

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? a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? yef;bJwef;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,fwiG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (25 896) OD;teuf (20 206) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfq h ENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (18 644) &&Scd yhJ gonf? ,if;cdik f vHak omqENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uygonf? pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; trnf

ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;

&&Sdonfh qENrJaygif;

&mckid Ef e_ ;f

(u) OD;ausmf0if;armif (vGwfvyfa&; trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;

141

0 ² 75

jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH zq-y-v A[kdtzGJ@csKyf?

183

0 ² 98

(*) OD;apmvGif (c) OD;aZat;atmif

'Drkdua&pDygwD

244

1 ² 31

armfuGef;0if ('kwd,tqifh) EkdifiHh uGef*&uf *k%f&nf ('kwd,qifh)

336

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (C) b&SD; (c) OD;jrifhxl;

vG w f v yf a om jref r mEk d i f i H jynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

0 ² 31

(i) rkdufu,fausmfxGef; (c) OD;rkd;aZmf woD;yk*~v

237

1 ² 27

(p) OD;armifarmif}uD;

5732

30 ² 74

7231

38 ² 78

(q) OD;armifarmifatmif

zufqpfqef@usifa&; jynfol@ vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@csKyf? 'Dru dk &ufwpfwuUov dk b f @JG &ESihf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@?

(Z) OD;rsKd;aqG

jynfo@l a&S@aqmifygwD (y-&-y)

0 ² 13

(ps) a'gufwmrsKd;jrifh

jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'D rkdua&pDygwD?

578

3²1

(n) OD;odef;a&$ (c) OD;odef;aqG

trsK;d om;jyefvnfwnfaqmuf a&;'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH)

0 ² 27

(É) OD;tDprkdif

trsKd;om;+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD

681

3 ² 65

(X) OD;atmif=unf

jynf a xmif p k j ref r mEk d i f i H n D !Gwfa&;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (y-n-'-z)

0 ² 18

(È) OD;atmifoef;

'D r k d u a&pD E S i f h +id r f ; csrf ; a&; tzGJ@csKyf ('D§+idrf;)

1183

6 ² 34

(Ê) Akdvfrª;tkef;vGif (t+idrf;pm;)

wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &; ygwD?

2269

12 ² 17

2? od@k ygI txufygvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (q) yg cdik v f akH omqENrt J rsm; qH;k &&So d nfh OD;armifarmifatmifonf &efuek w f ikd ;f / yef;bJwef;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f jzpfa=umif; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (41) yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

29? A[ef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;xGef;v_dif/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;xGe;f v_id o f nf A[ef;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif 'Dru kd a&pDygwt D m;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (16 271) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 3) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;vS[ef/ trd a':trm=unfw@kd rS 1956 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? arG;csi;f (9) a,mufteuf om;t}u;D qH;k jzpfonf? r*Fvmawmif!eG @f òr d e,f (&efuek )f Zmwdjzpfonf? 1979 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifc+hJ yD;/ Oya't"du 'kw, d ESpt f xd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? vS[efEiS o hf m;rsm;pufrv _ ufrv _ yk if ef;udk OD;pD;vkyu f ikd o f nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@wiG f e0w trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh 'Dru kd a&pDygwt D m; zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? od@k twGuf OD;xGe;f vdi_ o f nf ygwrD jhJ zpf oGm;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGio f @kd a&muf&o dS mG ;cJo h nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (414) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 5 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 28 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? A[ef;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (39 348) OD;teuf (25 853) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfq h ENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (23 822) rJ&&Scd yhJ g onf? ,if;cdik v f akH omqENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uygonf? pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; trnf

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'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D§+idrf;)

1523

6 ² 39

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4094

17 ² 19

965

4 ² 05

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969

4 ² 07

337

ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;

338

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

2? od@k ygI txufygvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (c) yg cdik v f akH omqENrt J rsm; qH;k &&So d nfh OD;xGe;f vdi_ o f nf &efuek w f ikd ;f / A[ef;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 30? A[ef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;=unfarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;=unfarmifonf A[ef;òrd e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 625) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mE_e;f (73 ² 17) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;bd;k ode;f / trd a':aiGcifw@kd rS 1920 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;=unfarmifonf 1936 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek fòrd / pde*f |e;f aumvdyrf S (10) wef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1937 ckEpS /f 1938 ckEpS /f 1939 ckEpS rf sm;wGif &efuek w f uUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*~OuUÏ OD;atmifqef;vuf atmufwiG v f nf;aumif;/ qufvufI or*~OuUÏ OD;vSa&$EiS v hf nf;aumif;/ or*~tvkyt f r_aqmifwOD; tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1938 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;oydww f iG f wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? 1938 ckEpS /f 'DZif bmv (20) &ufae@wiG f +Aw d o d #e,fcs@J ynma&;pepftm; qef@usiu f ef@uu G q f ENjycJo h nfh ausmif;om; acgi;f aqmifrsm;wGiyf g0ifc+hJ y;D / e,fcs J ppfyv k yd w f @kd . wkw'f %f/ jrif;uefc&H onf'h %fw@kd jzifh ausmif;om; acgi;f aqmifAv kd af tmifausmf '%f&m&vJusonfrS uG,v f eG o f nftxd teD;uyfaz;rðypkco hJ jl zpfonf? bDat aemufq;kH ESpt f xd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1941 ckEpS /f bDataemufq;kH ESpw f iG f pmar;yGrJ ajzjzpfbJ Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtidk af twyf) od@k 0ifa&mufc+hJ yD;/ r*Fvm'Hk yxrywfAv kd o f ifwef;od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1943 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd *syefEikd if /H Zmròr d &Sd bk&ifw h yfrawmf ppfwuUov kd f oifwef; tywfpOf (57) od@k wufa&mufatmifjrif+y;D aemuf 1945 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvwGif Armhwyfrawmf wyf&if; (5) wGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd ¡ud, k yf ikd t f rSwf 3516(=unf;)¢tjzpf tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1947 ckEpS w f iG f t*FvefEikd if w H iG f oifwef;wufc+hJ y;D / 1948 ckEpS w f iG f wyf&if;rª;/ 1951 ckEpS w f iG f ajrmufyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf/ aròr d ppfO;D pD;yxrwef;/ 1953 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr[m (7) wyfr[mrª;/ 1955-56 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr;ª ESihf tar&d uefEikd if /H zd@k 'v f AJ if;0yf (Fort Leavenworth Staff College) &Sd uGyu f rJ E_ iS phf pfO;D pD;wuUov kd w f iG f wufa&muf oif,cl o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd aejynfawmfppfXmecsKyf (&efuek w f ikd ;f ppfXmecsKyf) wdik ;f rª;/ 1961 ckEpS rf S 1963 ckEpS t f xd taemufawmifwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyf (ykord )f wdik ;f rª;/ 1962 ckEpS w f iG f awmfveS f a&;aumifp0D if/ 1963 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (30) &ufae@rS azazmf0g&v D (1) &ufae@txd [oFmwc¶dik /f 'l;,m;&GmwGiu f si;f ycJo h nfh awmifov l ,form;ES;D aESmzvS,yf o JG @kd wm0ef&adS omppfwikd ;f rª;jzpfonft h jyif awmfveS af &;aumifp0D ifwOD;vnf;jzpfygv#uf (rdr. d ppfwikd ;f e,fajrtwGi;f ) awmfveS af &;aumifpu D }u;D r ;usi;f ycJo h nfh 'l;,m;ES;D aESmzvS,yf o GJ @kd rwufbJ awmfveS af &;aumifpD OuUÏvnf;jzpf/ wyfrawmf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfvnf;jzpfaom AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;. trdef@ukdzDqefcJhonfhtwGuf 1959 ckESpf/

wyfrawmf tufOya't& ppfrx _ rf;jcif;rS&yfpjJ cif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifwnf axmifcsed w f iG f okawoeXmerª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG axGa&G;aumufyw JG iG v f nf;aumif;/ *ENcD rf;rtpnf;ta0;ðyvky&f mwGiv f nf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm;OD;aqmifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wiG f e0w. (1§90) trde@f qef@ usirf j_ zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csLyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif (,m,D) OuUÏ wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy+JG y;D aemufyikd ;f tzG@J csKyf. acgi;f aqmiftjzpfEiS hf ta&S ESit hf aemuftyk pf rk sm;rS oHwrefrsm;ESiahf wG@qckH o hJ nf? taemuftyk pf k owif; pmq&m 'd;k rDepfazmfv'g (Dominic Faulder) ESiahf wG@q&kH mwGif Ek&ifbwfc¶kH ;kH ESihf cif!eG @f w@kd vkd yk*Kd~ vaf wG [lonfh toH;k tE_e;f udk oH;k E_e;f cJo h nf[k e0wtwGi;f a&;rª; (1) Adv k cf sKyfcif!eG @f . pGypf jJG cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) ESihf jrefrmEdik if t H pd;k & v#K d 0Sucf suf tufOya' yk'rf 6 (2) (c) ESihf 6 (3) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&Gaumufyf OJG ya' yk'rf 11 (n) ESi+hf idpeG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif rS 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemif (10) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf ykd w d yf ifco hJ nf? 1988 ckESpf/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf zGJ pnf;aomtcg OD;atmif}u;D OD;aqmifonft h zG J rS ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf yg0ifco hJ nf? A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG J 0if/ okaw oeXmerª;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f uGejf rLepfrsm; pd;k rd;k ae+yD[o l nfh OD;atmif}u;D .pGypf cJG suf ygww D iG ;f jy\ema=umifh 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dzifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yonfh A[dOk ;D pD;tzG J tpnf;ta0; rJcq JG ;kH jzwfcsuw f iG f OD;atmif}u;D tpktzG J rS OD;=unfarmifonf a':atmifqef; pk=unf tpktzG J o kd y;l aygi;f cJo h nf? OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unfw kd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cH&+y;D aemuf tzG@J csKyf. ,m,DOuUÏjzpfvmonf? *EDcN ef;rtpnf;ta0;+y;D aemuf ppftm%mydik rf sm;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJo h nf? tzG@J csKyfOuUÏtjzpf OD;atmifa&$rw S m0ef,al epOf e0w.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh OD;=unfarmif tygt0ifxyd w f ef;acgi;f aqmif (12) OD;udk tzG@J csKyfrS xkwyf ,fc&hJ onf? 1995 ckEpS /f rwfv (14) &ufae wGif tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfvw G af jrmufvm+y;D 1995 ckEpS /f atmuf wdkbmv (9) &ufae Y jyefvnfzGJ pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwDY 'kwd,OuUÏtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1996 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (9) &ufae@ nae (3 ; 45) em&Dcef@wiG f uarBmZ&dyo f m0if;wHcg;. awmifzuf (15) aycef@tuGmY vl&rf;um;rsm;u tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;=unfarmif/ OD;wifO;D ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; oHww k /f csed ;f óu;d / ausmufcpJ onfh vluakd oapEdik af om vuf eufrsK;d pHjk zifh wm0efustm%mydik rf sm;a&S wGif t=urf;zufwu kd cf u kd cf =hJ uonf// xdak e@ nae (4 ; 45) em&Dcef@wiG f wuUov kd &f yd o f mvrf;ESio hf v H iG v f rf;axmifYh wm0efust&m&drS sm;teD;rS vl (2) OD; ajy;xGuf vm+yD; acgi;f aqmifrsm;pD;vmonfu h m;udk cJjzifyh pfaygu¶f rkH u teD;uyf'g;jzif0h ifx;kd cJ+h yD; }uD;rm;aom vky=f urH }_ u;D wckðyvkycf o hJ nf// ,if;uJo h @kd òr d v,facgiw f iG f jzpfymG ;cJo h nfu h pd EP iS yhf wfoufI tzG@J csKyfOuUÏ u e0wOuUÏxHo@kd w&m;0ifpmjzifh t}urd }f urd t f a=umif;=um;cJah omfvnf;/ w&m;cHrsm;udzk rf;qD;jcif;/ w&m;pGq J jkd cif;/ ESpOf ;D ESpb f uf oabmwlncD sujf zifh vGwv f yfaomcH¶k ;Hk udzk @JG pnf;I w&m;cHrsm;udk azmfxw k f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

340

339

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jcif;rsm; ðyvkyaf y;jcif;r&Syd J vspv f #L¶_co hJ nfuckd cH &hJ onf? 1996 ckEpS rf S uG,v f eG cf sed t f xd vli,frsm;tm; ynmr#a0r_ESifh pmwrf;ðypkjcif;udpPrsm;udk t"duxm;aqmif&GufcJhonf? 19-8-2004 &ufae@wGif &efuek òf r d aetdrYf uG,v f eG o f nf? ZeD;rSm a':=unf=unfomjzpf+y;D om;orD;rsm;rSm OD;=unfp;kd / OD;jynfp;kd / a':cifrsK;d =unf/ OD;armifarmifw@kd jzpfonf? uG,v f eG cf sed w f iG f ZeD; a':=unf=unfomESihf om;orD; (2) OD; use&f pfonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (415) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 5 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 28 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? A[ef;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (34 181) OD;teuf (22 290) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfq h ENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (21 353) rJ &&Scd yhJ g onf? ,if;cdik v f akH om qENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uygonf?

qH;k &&So d nfh OD;=unfarmifonf &efuek w f ikd ;f / A[ef;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª; oD&dysHcsDOD;=unfarmif (t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;) bDpD-3516 touf (86) ESpf &efuek òf r d / A[ef;òr d e,f/ a&$awmif=um; (1) &yfuu G /f trSwf (24)/ uarBmZ&dyo f mae a':=unf =unfom. cspv f pS mG aomcifyeG ;f / (OD;=unfp;kd )/ (OD;jynfp;kd ) - a': jrifjh rifh (tru-3/ A[ef;)/ OD;atmifoef@a':cifrsK;d =unf/ OD;armifarmifw@kd .cspv f pS mG aomzcif OD;=unfarmifonf 19-8-2004 (=umoyaw;ae@) rGe;f vGJ (12 ; 15) em&DwiG f b0wyg;od@k ajymif;vJomG ;+yjD zpfygojzifh 21-8-2004 (paeae@) eHeuf (10) em&DwiG f a&a0;okomefY rD;oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfyga=umif; &yfe;D &yfa0;ae aqGrsK;d rdwo f *F[taygi;f tm; odap tyfygonf? use&f pforl o d m;pk

2? od@k ygI txufygvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (*) yg cdik v f akH om qENrt J rsm;

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342

pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; trnf

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308

1 ² 44

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414

1 ² 94

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trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

15625

73 ² 17

jrefrmEkdifiH'Drkdu&ufwpf jynfol@tiftm;tzGJ@csKyf

0 ² 46

(i) OD;rif;'if

jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drkd ua&pDygwD? wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &; ygwD?

654

3 ² 06

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341

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

vyfa&;twGuf wyfrawmfxal xmifcw hJ o hJ al wGtrsm;tjym;udk tJ'u D wnf;u odu|r;f vmcJyh gw,f? ppfwyfe@J Eikd if aH &;cGjJ cm;Edik rf u _ kd aumif;pGmodjrifc, H x l m;wJh olwOD;jzpfwt hJ wGuf 1962 ckEpS rf mS ppfwyfu tm%modr;f wJu h pd u P kd tjyif;txefqef@usicf w hJ o hJ jl zpfygw,f? 'ga=umifv h nf; 1963 ckEpS rf mS taemuf ydik ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf wdik ;f rª;tjzpfe@J wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOfrmS yJ t+ird ;f pm;,lz@kd ajymwJt h wGuf tem;,l vdu k &f wmuawmh ody+f y;D tH=h op&mr[kwyf gb;l ? wyfrawmfuae t+ird ;f pm;,l+y;D wJh (25) ESpw f mumvtwGi;f rSm axmifEpS }f urd u f scyhJ gw,f? ppfwyfukd (aemufyikd ;f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygw)D qef@usiw f ,fqw kd hJ oHo,eJ@ axmifusc&H wJh 'DEpS f }urd [ f m pkpak ygi;f (7) ESp=f umcJyh gw,f? 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfykH jzpfjzpfjcif;rSmyJ OD;=unfarmif[m wwd,t}urd f tusO;f axmifxrJ mS txde;f odr;f cHc&hJ ygw,f? 'gayr,fh wvavmuft=umrSm jyefvw G v f mygw,f? 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmvrSmol[m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf& J tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD (12) OD;xJu tzG@J 0if wOD; jzpfvmygawmhw,f? 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f rSm OD;wifO;D eJ@usrwd@k aetdrrf mS txde;f odr;f cH&+y;D wJah emuf tifet f ,fv'f D &J tr_aqmifaumfrwDawGu acgi;f aqmifrt _ iftm;udjk yefpzk @kd qH;k jzwfwt hJ csed rf mS awmh 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyrJG mS atmifycJG EH ikd zf @kd OD;aqmifcw hJ hJ OD;=unfarmifukd a&G;cs,cf w hJ mygyv J @kd ajym&if rrSm;Edik yf gb;l ? a&G;aumufy+JG yD;wJah emuf &ufowWywftenf;i,frmS tm;vH;k aysm&f i$ pf mG eJ@ atmifycJG =H u+yD; aemuf jrefrmjynfoal wGu tm%mydik af wG[m a&G;aumufy&JG v'fuakd v;pm;zd@k pdwq f ENr&nfoefb;l qdw k m wjznf;jznf;oHo,&Sv d mygw,f? 'Dvo kd o H ,pd;k &drpf w d u f kd cdik rf mapcJw h muawmh OD;=unfarmif [m 1990 pufwifbmvrSm pwkwt }urd af jrmuftzrf;cH&+y;D ppfc¶kH ;kH u axmif'%f tESpf (20) csvu kd f wmyJjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fv h nf; ol[m 1995 ck/ rwfvrSm jyefvw G v f mygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJph m trSwf (19) rS æ¢

axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif;a=unmcJh onf? aemif (10) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf?

31? Adkvfwaxmifòr e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f marmifarmifausmo f nf Adv k w f axmifòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 816) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 41) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &efuek òf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmpf ed /f trd a':wifvw S @kd rS 1961 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? &cdik t f rsK;d om;/ Ak'b < mom0ifwOD;jzpfonf? a'guw f m armifarmifausmo f nf 1978 ckEpS w f iG f ppfawGòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (4) rS q,fwef; atmifjrifcI hJ 1984 ckEpS w f iG f oGm;bufqikd &f maq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@GJ (bD't D ufp)f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1985 ckEpS rf S 1990 jynfEh pS t f xd oufom ud, k yf ikd o f mG ;aq;ukcef;/ omauwESihf qdyu f rf;òr d e,f taemufyikd ;f or0g,raq;cef; oGm;bufqikd &f mq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f Ed0k ifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f ausmif;q&mr wOD;jzpfol a':ode;f ode;f tm;aygi;f oif;+y;D / vufxyf&ef jiif;qefrj_ zifh axmif'%f (1) ESpf tjypfay;jcif; cHc&hJ onf? ,if;jypfrE_ iS jhf ypf'%ftwGuf 1991 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (14) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

343

32? r&rf;ukef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;csKyf atmifa&$/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifa&$onf r&rf;uke;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (20 712) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 62) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1918 ckEpS /f arv (19) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;zd;k uGe;f / trd a':ode;f wifw@kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;atmifa&$onf 1940 jynfEh pS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S bDatbJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifaom Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t)/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) ESihf ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmf (yDbt D ufz)f wd@k wiG f yg0ifcI hJ vGwv f yf a&;óu;d yrf;r_wiG f +Aw d o d #e,fcs@J EiS hf *syefzufqpfw@kd uadk wmfveS cf o hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS rf pS I wyfrawmf (=unf;) wGif ud, k yf ikd t f rSwf (3505) jzifh Adv k }f uD;tqifrh pS I wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS rf S 1947 ckEpS t f xd uuppfwiG f OD;pD;t&m&Sd (wwd,wef;)/ wyfr[m (8) wGif OD;pD;Adv k }f u;D (a&;)/ wycY OD;pD;Adv k }f u;D (axmuf)/ Adv k rf ;ª tqifjh zifh wycwGif 'kvufaxmufppfaxmufcsKy/f wyfr[m (2) Y vufaxmuf ppfa&; csKyf§vufaxmuf ppfaxmufcsKyf/ 1950 jynfEh pS w f iG f Adv k rf ;ª }u;D tqifjh zifh ppfaxmufcsKyf/ 1951 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr[m (5) wyfr[mrª;/ 1955 ckEpS w f iG f ryc wdik ;f rª;/ 1957 ckEpS w f iG f rycwGif wdik ;f rª;/ Adv k rf ;ª csKyftjzpf wd;k jri jhf cif;cH&onf? 1959 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (25) &ufae@rS 1961 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (15) &ufae@ twGi;f awmifyikd ;f wkid ;f ppfXmecsKyfwiG f wkid ;f rª;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a&G;aumufyYGJ bufvu kd cf hJ a=umif; pdppfawG@&&dS ojzif[ h q k u kd m 1961 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (13) &ufae@ &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzJ@G tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmfwiG pf pfrx _ rf;jcif;rS t+ird ;f pm;,lciG ðhf ycJo h nf? 1961 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmEkid if q H ikd &f moHtrwf}uD; =opa=w;vs/ (e,l;ZDvef) ygy;l wGI J / tD*sp/f jyifopf/ (pydeEf iS hf ,leuf puk)d tzJ@G w@dk yg yl;wGw J m0ef,I l / 1975 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS /f ZGev f (7) &ufae@wiG f Edik if *hH % k &f nfb@JG (yxrqif)h cs;D jri jhf cif;cHc&hJ onf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J EiS hf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfw@kd wiG f A[dOk uUÏwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? OD;atmifa&$onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUÏtjzpf vufrw S af &;xk;d v#uf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,f a=umif;jzifh aumfr&Six f o H @kd ay;yd@k co hJ nf/ aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG o f wif; xkwjf yefcsut f rSwpf Of (38§91) jzifh xkwjf yef&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf aomif;use;f olrsm;ESihf qufo, G cf o hJ nfukd Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJ@G twGi;f a&;rª; (1) u owif;pm&Si;f vif; yJw G ckwiG f wkid ;f od jynfo/d urBmod &Si;f vif;ajym=um;csut f & cdik v f o kH nft h axmuftxm;&Sad e+yjD zpf a=umif;/ xd@k jyifEikd if jH cm;owif;v$iXhf mersm;jzpf=uaom bDbpD /D AGt D akd t/ attdik t f mwd@k rv S nf; ae@pOf rjywf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf. acgi;f aqmiftjzpfazmfjy+yD; aoG;xd;k v_H@aqmftoHv$ifhcsufrsm;t& a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynf.tzJG@tpnf;wckckrS taxmuftyHu h kd oG,0f u kd af omenf;jzifh vufc&H &Sad eonf[k ygwpD 'kH rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f ,lqa=umif;aqG;aEG;csut f & trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyfonf wkid ;f jynf.

344

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

tusK;d / wdik ;f oljynfom;wk@d .tusK;d twGuf trsK;d om;a&;udk OD;wnf&nf&, G af eonfh tzG@J tpnf;jzpfyg a=umif;/ wdik ;f jynfta&;onf vly*k Kd~ vfta&;xufta&;}uD;ygojzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf. rGejf rwfaomtrsK;d om;a&;udk qufvufpnf;±H;k aqmif&u G Ef ikd af &;twGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyftzJ@G 0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,fvu kd yf ga=umif;/ 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (11) &uf ae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkyo f nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwf csut f & trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzJ@G u, dk pf m; OuUÏOD;atmifa&$. vufrw S f a&;xd;k wifjycsu f [lI azmfjyyg&o dS nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / a&$bckd ¶dik /f 'Dy, J if;òrd e,f/ =unf&mG teD;jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uHwu kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfrj_ zpfymG ;pOf aetdrf tus,cf sKyjf zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2004 ckEpS /f {+yv D (13) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf? ZeD;rSm a':wifwifa&$jzpf+y;D om;orD;rsm;rSm OD;atmifoef;a&$/ OD;oef;aza&$/ a':,kZea&$/ a':rO La&$/ OD;atmifjrifah &$/ a':py,fa&$w@kd jzpfonf?

ay:rSm tqif;&Jq;kH Edik if pH m&if;xJukd 0ifomG ;cJ&h vd@k tifrwef+i;D aiG@ae+yD jzpfygw,f? wygwpD epfvnf;òyu d somG ;a&m jrefrmjynfrmS ygwaD wGtajrmuftrsm;ay:vmawmhwmygy?J 'kw, d urBmppf+y;D +y;D csi;f umvu *syefEikd if t H ajctaeawGukd aumif;aumif;odwo hJ al wGuawmh jrefrm jynfrmS ygwaD wGbma=umifh 'Davmuftxdrsm;jym;ae&ovJqw kd mudk od=uygw,f? 'Dvakd y:ayguv f mwJh ygwaD wGxu J tifet f ,fv'f x D rJ mS OD;atmifa&$[m tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0ifwOD;jzpfovdk tifef t,fv'f &D J w&m;0ifr[mrdwv f nf;jzpfwhJ rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J & J OuUÏvnf; jzpfygw,f? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J qw kd m wyfrawmfuaet+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ al wG pkaygi;f zG@J pnf;xm; wmjzpfygw,f? 'Dvkd ygwaD ygi;f (200) ausm&f w dS t hJ xJrmS (rqv) [mvnf; wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G f a&;ygwD (wpn) qdw k ehJ mrnfe@J yg0ifygw,f? tifet f ,fv'f [ D mvnf; jrefrmjynfov l x l k trsm;pk& J tm;ay;axmufcrH u _ kd t}u;D tus,&f cJyh gw,f? 'Dvkd jynfov l x l =k um;xJrmS a&yef;pm;vmav/ vlóuu d f rsm;vmav/ pnf;¶H;k a&;pGr;f &nfawGa=umifh ygw&D J taetxm; wd;k wufjrifrh m;vmav ygw0D ifawGukd ppfaq;ar;jref;r_awG/ ygw&D J v_y&f mS ;r_ukd uef@owfcsKyfcs,rf a_ wG wd;k jrifv h mavygy?J 1989 ckEpS f ZGev f rSm tifet f ,fv'f &D J twGi;f a&;rª; (2) OD;xJu wOD;jzpfwhJ OD;0if;wif[m zrf;qD;axmifcsc&H +y;D Zlvikd v f rSmawmh OuUÏ OD;wifO;D eJ@ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;jzpfwhJ usr[mvnf; aetdrrf mS tus,cf sKyfcsxm;cH&ygw,f? 'Dvkd zdEydS rf t _ rsK;d rsK;d udck cH &hJ ayrJv h nf; 1990 jynfEh pS f arvrSm usi;f ycJw h hJ a&G;aumufyrJG mS awmh rJqENe,fppk ak ygi;f &J (82) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tjywftowftEdik &f cJyh gw,f? 'gayrJv h nf; jynfov l x l u k ar#mv f ifx h m;ovdk 'Dru kd &ufwpftpd;k &vufxu J kd tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;jcif; rðyvkyfcJhygbl;? tJ'Dtpm; ygwDòyduGJysufpD;a&;twGuf &nf&G,f+yD;trsKd;rsKd;aom zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_awG ðyvkycf yhJ gw,f? pufwifbmvxJrmS tifet f ,fv'f &D J ,m,DOuUÏ vkyaf ewJh OD;=unfarmifukd zrf;cJjh yefygw,f? aemufq;kH usecf w hJ OhJ ;D atmifa&$vnf; tcuftcJawGtrsK;d rsK;d =um;xJuyJ ygwq D ufvuf&yfwnfEikd zf @kd twGuf taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;awGe@J udik w f , G v f y_ &f mS ;cJ&h ygw,f? 1990 aemufyikd ;f rSmtifet f ,fv'f t D aeeJ@ Edik if aH &;ygww D cktjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfEikd af &;udk aESmif, h u S +f crd ;f ajcmufr_ trsK;d rsK;d =um;xJu ¶ke;f uefae&wJh OD;atmifa&$ukd rsm;pGmulncD o hJ u l awmh tifef t,fv'f t D vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J & J rlvtzG@J 0ifvnf;jzpf/ tifet f ,fv'f &D J b¾ma&;rª;vnf; jzpfwhJ OD;vGif ygy?J a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJph m trSwf (18) rS æ¢

¡ tifet f ,fv'f &D J OuUÏuawmh OD;atmifa&$jzpfygw,f? ol[m 1942 ckEpS rf mS jrefrmhvw G f vyfa&;wyfrawmf bDtikd af txJukd 0ifcyhJ gw,f? 'kw, d urBmppf}u;D jzpfymG ;aecsed t f wGi;f wdik ;f jynftwGuf us&mae&muae b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf wm0efwckux kd rf;aqmifz@kd vt kd yfw,fv@kd cH,cl =hJ uwJh ynmwwfvil ,f rsm;xJrmS ol[m wa,muftygt0ifjzpfygw,f? (wyfrawmfxrJ 0ifcif (2) ESpaf vmufuwnf;u &efuek w f uUov kd u f ae bG@J &cJyh gw,f?) 1948 ckEpS rf mS jrefrmEdik if [ H m vGwv f yfwEhJ ikd if jH zpfvm+y;D wJah emuf ol[m wyfrawmfxrJ mS yJ qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifcyhJ gw,f? 1950 ckEpS af wG& J tukeyf ikd ;f rSmawmh tJ'u D mvwke;f u vltenf; i,fom&Sad o;wJh Adv k rf ;ª csKyf&mxl;ud&k &Scd yhJ gw,f? 1962 ckEpS rf mS awmifyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf& J wdik ;f rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaecsed rf mS yJ ol@uw kd yfrawmfuae t+ird ;f pm;,lcikd ;f +y;D =opa=w;vse@J e,l;ZDvefEikd if H qdik &f m oHtrwftjzpfapv$wjf cif;cHc&hJ ygw,f? tJ'w D ek ;f uawmh bmjzpfv@kd t+ird ;f pm;,lcikd ;f +y;D ajymif; a&$ vdu k w f ,fqw kd t hJ a=umif;udk w&m;0if&iS ;f vif;ajym=um;jcif;r&Scd yhJ gb;l ? 'gayr,fv h nf; tifet f ,fv'f D acgi;f aqmifawGukd jynfov l x l u k rESpo f ufatmif/ vufrcHatmif trsK;d rsK;d odumQ cswv hJ yk &f yfawGukd vkyaf qmifwt hJ aeeJ@ vGecf w hJ EhJ pS t f enf;i,ftwGi;f u tpd;k &xkwaf 0wJh pme,fZif;awGrmS OD;atmifa&$ [m 1960 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyu JG mvwke;f u ygwpD /JG *d% k ;f *%pGeJ @J vkyaf qmifra_ wG&cdS v hJ @kd wyfrawmfuae t+ird ;f pm;ay;cJ&h wmjzpfa=umif;qd+k y;D a&;om;=uygw,f? trSeu f awmh ol[m tJ'aD &G;aumufyw JG ek ;f u ppfwyf[m qd&k , S v f pfawGtEdik &f zd@k twGuf wzufowfuikd w f , G v f y_ &f mS ;r_awGe@J ywfouf+yD; jypfwif a0zefc&H rSmudk umuG,zf @kd óu;d yrf;r_awG& J om;aumif jzpfco hJ yl g? OD;atmifa&$[m =opa=w;vsrmS wm0efxrf;aqmif+y;D wJah emuf tD*sp/f tJ'aD emuf yJ&pf ponf jzifh 1975 ckEpS rf mS tpd;k &0efxrf;b0uae t+ird ;f pm;,lcw hJ t hJ xd wm0efxrf;aqmifcyhJ gw,f? tJ'aD emuf &efuek òf r d rSmyJ tajccsaexdik cf yhJ gw,f? &efuek òf r d uawmh tm;vH;k od+y;D wJt h wdik ;f 1988 ckEpS rf mS jynfol vlxt k ºkH urG }_ u;D wdik ;f jynfe@J tES@H ys@H omG ;apcJw h hJ tpysK;d &mae&myJ jzpfygw,f? jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;awG[m jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD (rqv) &J wygwD tm%mcsKyf udik rf a_ =umifh wcgu ta&S awmiftm&SrmS zG@H òz;d wd;k wufrt _ v#ijf refq;kH vd@k qw kd hJ Edik if t H qifu h ae urBm

33? r&rf;ukef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwm a':ar0if;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mar0if;jrifo h nf r&rf;uke;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (20 513) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 18) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? armfvòrid òf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? 1950 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (8) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;aomif;!Ge@f .orD; jzpfonf? a'guw f mar0if;jrifo h nf 1967 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (1) rS q&m0efb@JG &&Scd o hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd ajrmufOuUvmyESihf ausmufww H m;or0g,r

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tcsed yf ikd ;f q&m0ef/ 1981 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd vufaxmufq&m0ef (&efuek jf ynfo@l aq;±H}k u;D )/ 1983 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd q&m0ef (ordik ;f roef rpGr;f txl;ukaq;¶H)k / 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv (31) &ufae@wiG 0f efxrf;tjzpfrS E_wx f u G o f nf? r&rf;uke;f e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f twGi;f a&;rª; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1997 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (28) &ufae@wiG f r&rf;uke;f òr d e,ftzG@J csKyf¶;kH wGif tzG@J csKyf vli,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;ðyvky&f efppD Ofc&hJ m tpd;k &qef@usiaf &;qlyv l y_ &f mS ;r_ðyvky&f ef pDpOfco hJ nf[q k u kd m 1997 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f &efuek f taemufyikd ;f c¶dik w f &m;¶H;k Y 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh tr_ziG w hf &m;pGq J ckd +hJ y;D / 1997 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wiG f tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (7) ESpcf srw S cf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (23) &ufae@wiG f yk'rf 10 (u) jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f&ufaygi;f (60) csrw S cf o hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@wiG f yk'rf 10 (u) jzifh xyfw;kd jypf'%f (1) ESpcf srw S cf cH &hJ onf? 2006 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (3) &ufae@wiG f wzef aemufxyfjypf'%f (1) ESpcf srw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf?

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348

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1993 ckEpS w f iG f e0wrS }u;D rª;usi;f yonft h rsK;d om;nDvmcHo kd a&G;cs,cf u H , kd pf m;vS,t f pktzG J rS ud, k pf m; vS,t f jzpfwufa&mufco hJ nf? trsK;d om;nDvmcHtm; qef usio f nfh pm&Gupf mwrf;jzef a0r_jzifh nDvmcH ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS xkwyf ,fjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ZeD;rSm a':pdepf ed jf zpf+y;D / om;orD;rsm;rSm a':at;at;rl/ OD;aomfwmESiahf ':cifow D mwd@k jzpfonf?

ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 404) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (50 ² 0) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;jrifah 0/ trd a':at;at;wd@k rS 1949 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD=unf0if;onf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S odyH` (ocsmF ) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS /f OD;oef@ta&; tcif;wGif wuUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;A[dak umfrwDOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf I hJ axmif'%f (7) tjypf ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? r*Fvm'Hòk r d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ &efuek f wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðy vkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSw/f 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh OD;=unf0if;tm; trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? etzrS 2004 ckEpS /f arv (17) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf a&G;aumufyw JG iG af &G;cs,cf x H m;&aomud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; tpktzG@J wiG f yg0ifwufa&mufco hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f/ anmifEpS yf ifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf yg0ifwufa&mufco hJ nf?

r*Fvmawmif!eG @f òr e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'gufwmatmifcifqifh. a&G;aumufyGJumv vufurf;pmapmifwGifygcJhaom aus;Zl;wifv$m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tjywftowfatmifjrifvu dk jf cif;rSm nD!w G jf cif;jzifh jynfow l @kd atmifyGJ[k rSwfwrf;wif*k%fðyvkduf&ygonf? nD!Gwfjcif;onf tiftm;ygcifAsm; æ? 35? r*Fvmawmif!Gef@òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmoef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f moef;atmifonf r*Fvmawmif!eG @f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 204) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 93) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcdkif/ trd a':apmykwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? ausmufjzLòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;atmifonf ausmufjzL tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;/ &efuek w f uUov kd /f &efuek af q;wuUov kd f (1) wk@d wiG f q&m0efb@GJ &onftxd ynmoif=um; cJo h nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f ud, k yf ikd af q;ukcef;/ 1975 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd r*Fvmawmif!eG @f or0g,r aq;cef; wm0efcq H &m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? a'guw f moef;atmiftm; 1997 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif etztm%mydik rf sm;u vlaor_jzifh t"rR tr_qifzrf;qD;cJo h nf? a'guw f moef;atmif.uk, d yf idk af q;cef;wGif vma&mufta&;ay:aq;ukor_ cH,o l nfh yef;em&ifusyaf 0'emonf vlemwOD;tm; ta&;ay:toufu,faq;xk;d ay;+y;D &efuek af q;¶Hk }u;D udk tjrefomG ;&ef a'guw f moef;atmifrS t=uaH y;cJo h nf? tqdyk gvrl rm &efuek af q;¶k}H u;D a&mufonfh tcg wm0efusq&m0efrsm;rS &efuek jf ynfo@l aq;¶kt H opfo@kd omG ;&ef xyfr! H e$ =f um;cJo h nf? aq;¶kt H opf od@k toGm; vlemwifvmonfu h m;bD;ayguo f mG ;+yD; bD;topfv&J efppD Ofc&hJ m tcsed t f awmf=umoGm; cJo h nf? aemufq;Hk aq;¶ko H pfo@kd ra&mufrv D rf;wGif vlemaoqk;H oGm;cJo h nf? aoqk;H olvel m. aqGrsK;d om;csi;f rsm;rS tajctaejzpf&yfreS t f m;vk;H tm; od&x dS m;onft h wGuf a'guw f moef;atmiftay: wpkw H &mjypfwifajymqdjk cif;rðycJah omfvnf; òr d e,ftm%mydik rf sm; vufoyfarG;xm;onfh =u@H z@HG rsm;rS aq;xkd;rSm;I vlrrmaoqkH;&jcif;jzpfa=umif; tr_qifwdkif=um;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f (14) ESpf csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf?

r*Fvm'Hkòr e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;=unf0if;. rJqG,fpnf;¶kH;pOfumvu vufurf;pmapmifwGif ygcJhaomtcsuftcsKd rnfokd@yifjzpfap æ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,q f o kd nfrmS rdrw d ikd ;f jynftusK;d / wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;. tusK;d udk pOfqufrjywf opPm&Spd mG wm0efxrf;aqmifae&r,fv@kd cH,yl gw,f?

36? r*Fvm'Hkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;=unf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unf0if;onf r*Fvm'Hòk rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;

37? r*Fvm'Hkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifxGef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxeG ;f armifonf r*Fvm'kòH r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (15 537) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f ( 55 ² 09) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? =unfjh rifwikd f (&efuek )f Zmwdjzpfonf? tz 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D vSarmif (t+ird ;f pm;)/ trd a':apm!Ge@f w@kd rS 1944 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifxeG ;f armifonf ,lEkdwpfc&pf,mefausmif;tvHkrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukef0dZ mESifhody`H wuUov dk rf S 1966 ckEpS w f iG f odyH` (±lyaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1967 ckEpS w f iG f r[modyt H` ydik ;f (u) od@k wuf a&mufpOf owWK§blrad A'XmewGif tvkyo f ifbrl ad A't&m&S/d 1969 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmf (=unf;) Akv d o f ifwef;ausmif; trSwpf Of (40) od@k wufa&mufcI hJ 1970 jynfEh pS /f oifwef;qif;t+y;D taumif;qH;k ausmif;om;qk&&So d nf? 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd tvky±f ckH rGJ ;ª uyp (1)/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd tvky±f ckH rJG ;ª (xkwv f yk af &;)/ uyp (5)/ 1987 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm; ,lco hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG g pmtrSw/f 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

350

349

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jzifh OD;wifxeG ;f armiftm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpf a=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? etz rS 2004 ckEpS /f arv (17) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf x H m;&aomud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpk tzG@J wiG f yg0ifwufa&mufco hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f/ anmifEpS yf ifpcef;Y quf vufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG af &G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfyg0if wufa&mufco hJ nf? ZeD;rSm a':at;at;oif;jzpf+y;D om;orD;ig;OD; xGe;f um;cJo h nf?

40? arSmfbDòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdk;wif (c) OD;pdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pd;k wif (c) OD;pd;k onf arSmb f òD r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 451) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 64) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1941 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? oxHòk rd e,f odrq f yd &f mG Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;armifxeG ;f .om; jzpfonf? OD;pd;k onf 1958 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifI 1961 ckEpS w f iG f tif;pdepf ufrv _ ufro _ yd rH` S v#ypf pftm; (at*sw D t D ikd )f atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd 'kw, d vufaxmuftif*seD , D m/ tif*seD , D m (rif;bl;/ rauG;/ yJc;l / arSmb f )D / 1989 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif arSmb f òD r d e,f/ v#ypf pftif*seD , D mwm0efrS t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1350 jynf(h 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ jzifh 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (2) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@txd yk'rf 10 (u) jzifh xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

r*Fvm'Hkòr e,f rJqENtrSwf (2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;wifxGef;armif. rJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;pOfumvu vufurf;pmapmifwGifygcJhaom tcsuftcsKd jrefrmjynforl sm;.pGr;f yum;udk tjynft0toH;k csciG ahf y;rnfh 'Dru kd a&pDpepfjzifo h m jrefrm Edik if u H kd jynfvnfxal xmifEikd rf nf? 'Dru kd a&pDpepfomvsif jrefrmEdik if . H vlaer_b0ESihf tudu k n f q D ;kH jzpfonf? tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm; tjynft h 0&So d nfh 'Dru kd a&pDpepfomv#if jynforl sm; pdwcf sr;f omr_ ud&k &Sad pEdik rf nfjzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh 'Dru kd a&pDpepfjzpfxeG ;f wnfwef@a&;wm0efrmS wrsK;d om;vH;k ESio fh uf qdik o f nfh trsK;d om;a&;wm0efjzpfonf? xdw k m0efukd xrf;aqmifjcif;onf trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;udk aqmif &Gujf cif; jzpfygonf? OD;wifxGef;armif (r*Fvm'Hk) 38? ajrmufOuUvmyòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmoef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f moef;0if;onf ajrmufOuUvmyòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (38 025) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 14) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &efuek òf r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pde0f if;/ trd a':=uif&w D @dk rS 1949 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f moef;0if;onf pde@f aygvaf usmif;rS q,fwef; atmifjrifcI hJ aq;wuUov kd f (1) rS 1974 ckEpS w f iG f q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974-75 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyo f if q&m0ef/ wyfrawmfaq;±Hk }u;D (r*Fvm'H)k / 1976 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf ikd af q;ukcef;zGiv hf pS cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 39? ajrmufOuUvmyòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausm! f eG @f onf ajrmufOuUvmyòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (35 503) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 93) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1948 ckEpS /f {+yv D (19) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? rtlyifòr d e,f/ tv,f wef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdejf r.om; jzpfonf? OD;ausm! f eG @f onf wef;jrifah usmif;xGuv f ufrw S &f pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1350 jynf(h 1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

351

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (437) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? arSmfbDòrd e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (42 796) OD;teuf (33 693) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfh qENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (29 761) rJ&&Scd hJ ygonf? ,if;cdik v f kH aomqENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&Sd=uygonf? pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drkd 1407 (u) OD;ausmfjrifh ua&pDygwD? woD;yk*~v 547 (c) OD;=unfjr

352

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (*) OD;cspfa0 (C) OD;pH& (i) OD;pkd;wif (c) OD;pkd; (i) OD;pkd;rif;

'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D§+idrf;) wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &; ygwD? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH 'Drkd ua&pD wyfaygif;pk?

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1101

3²7

9109

30 ² 61

17451

58 ² 64

146

0 ² 49

2? od@k ygI txufyg v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (i) yg cdik v f akH omqENrJ trsm;qH;k &&So d nfh OD;pd;k wif (c) OD;pd;k onf &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; 41? arSmfbDòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;cifarmifxGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifxeG ;f onf arSmb f òD r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (13 056) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (50 ² 8) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1928 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (5) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;jrwfomxGe;f .om; jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifxeG ;f onf ppf}u;D twGi;f Armhwyfrawmfo@kd &JabmftjzpfEiS 0hf ifa&mufco hJ nf? yÌrywf Adv k o f if wef;wufI zufqpfawmfveS af &;wGif wkid ;f (7)/ wyf&if; (103) Adv k af vmif;&mxl;jzifh yg0ifco hJ nf? ppf}uD;t+yD; q,fwef;atmifjrifI &efuek w f uUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufonf? Oypm odyw H` ef;atmifjrif onf? ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfz@GJ pnf;a&;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifc+hJ y;D ArmhwyfrawmfAv kd o f ifwef; tywfpOf (3) od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1950 jynfEh pS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd qo& 'kAv kd /f t*Fvefo@kd qufo, G af &; t&m&So d ifwef;wuf&ef (2) }urd o f mG ;a&mufco hJ nf? qo& wyfprk ; / wyfcrGJ ; / (w¶kwjf zLppfqifa&;ESihf aomif;use;f r_ ESrd Ef iS ;f a&;)/ 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1970 jynfEh pS f txd qo& 'kw, d Adv k rf ; }u;D / rE aW v; wvu/ cvu/ evuwd@k wiG f OuUÏ/ tzJ@G 0if/ wkid ;f ajr,maumfrwD OuUÏ/ 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd qufo, G af &;!¸e=f um;r_XmeESif q h ufo, G af &;aumfydka&;&Si;f !¸e=f um;a&;rª;csKyfEiS hf OD;aqmif!e¸ =f um; a&;r ;/ jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD uvmyfpnf;acgif;aqmif/ tvkyform;tpnf;t±Hk; A[kdOD;pD;/ tjynfjynfqikd &f m a=u;eef;qufo, G af &;nDvmcH/ pmyd@k wu dk o f r*~nv D mcHEiS hf ò*v d w f q k ufo, G af &;ESihf tm&SEidk if q H ufo, G af &; ynmndE id_ ;f pnf;a0;yJrG sm;oGm; acgi;f aqmif/ armfueG ;f 0if('kw, d qif)h ESihf Edik if H *k%&f nf (yxrqif)h &onf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G EiS hf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dw k iG f wm0ef,lcJhonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

353

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (438) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 6 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 29 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? arSmfbDòrd e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (42 811) OD;teuf (31 233) OD;wdk@ qENrJay;=u&m ,if;wdk@ay;onfh qENrJrsm;teufrS cdkifvHkaomqENrJ (27 273) rJ&&SdcJh ygonf? ,if;cdkifvHk aomqENrJrsm;udk v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdkif; &&Sd=uygonf? pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; trsKd ; om;rsm;'D r k d u a&pD 13056 (u) OD;cifarmifxGef; tzGJ@csKyf?

(c)

OD;xGef;om

&mckid Ef e_ ;f 50 ² 8

woD;yk*~v

639

2 ² 34

(*) OD;vSjrifh

'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzG@J csKyf ('D§+idrf;)

827

3 ² 03

jynf a xmif p k t rsKd ; om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD? wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD?

814

2 ² 98

11137

40 ² 84

(i) OD;omausmf

2? od@k ygI txufyg v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (u) yg cdik v f akH om qENrJ trsm;qH;k &&So d nfh OD;cifarmifxeG ;f onf &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; jynfol@ v$waf wmfa&G;aumuf yGOJ ya' yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

354

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

42? &efuif;òr e,frJqENe,f? a':cifat;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':cifat;jrifo h nf &efuif;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (25 949) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? armfvòrid u f |e;f Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;pH!eG @f / trd a':tke;f wd@k rS 1929 ckEpS /f ZGev f (28) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? a':cifat;jrifo h nf i,fpOfu jynfòr d wGif ynmoif=um;cJI h 1952 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bJ@G / 1958 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;0dZm bJ@G &&So d nf? 1952 ckEpS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd A[ef; tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;wGif txufwef;jy/ 1965-66 ckEpS w f iG f vufaxmufuxdu uefbq hJ &mtwwfoifoyd /H` 1967 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd ajrmufOuUvmtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1972 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd wmarGtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1986 ckEpS w f iG f vkyo f ufjynft h +idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? &efuif;òrd e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf hJ onf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyf tr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSw/f 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh a':cifat;jrift h m; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmh onfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf?

10? oif&h J rsK;d qufawG[m rw&m;wJzh Ed ydS cf sKyfcs,rf a_ wGe@J ñuaH wG@vmwJt h cg Oya'abmifxu J 'Dru kd a&pD enf;ususawmif;qdck iG rhf &Srd mS udk ylyefaeovm;? tJ'pD ;kd &dryf yl efaomua&mufp&mr&Sw d hJ 'Dru kd a&pDjynfaxmifpo k pfukd wnfaqmufcsi&f if trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (carmuf) udo k m &J&0J 0hH rhH aJ y;vdu k =f uyg?

&efuif;òr e,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fa':cifat;jrifh. rJqG,fpnf;¶kH;pOfumvufurf;pmapmifwGifyg0ifcJhaom tcsuftcsKd@

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (409) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 5 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 28 &uf)

u|erf udrk rJ ay;rD 'gawGukd rJqEN&iS rf sm;pOf;pm;apcsiyf gonf? 1? rJqEN&iS rf sm; yifyef;}uD;pGm w&m;ojzif&h mS azGpak pmif;xm;wJah iGawGukd w&m;r0ifjzpfrmS udk pd;k &dryf l yefaeovm;? 2? oifo h m;orD;awG ynmpHv k mwJt h cg tuyf&+dS y;D taumiford S tvky&f rSmudk ylyefaeovm;? 3? arG;&mygv@l tcGit hf a&;qH;k ¶H;_ vd@k cdik ;f wmvkyf ajymwmacgi;f ndwcf w hJ ahJ cwf}uD; jyefa&mufrmS pd;k &drf aeovm;? 4? oifu h se;f rma&;twGuf aq;0g;ud&, d mypPn;f rvG,v f @kd pdwyf yl efaomua&mufaeovm;? 5? vkycf / vpm/ 0ifaiGe@J ukeaf ps;E_e;f rr#v@kd oifrh mS ig;yg;oDvrjrrJ mS udk pd;k &draf eovm;? 6? trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;eJ@ywfoufv@kd wvH;k wpnf;xJaomor*~rsm;zG@J pnf;cGirhf &rSmudk pd;k &draf eovm;? 7? w&m;a&;r¾dKifrmS aiGe@J tm%mucsKyfuikd }f u;D pd;k cs,v f , S w f ahJ cwfukd jyefa&mufrmS pd;k &draf eovm;? 8? jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;r&Sv d @kd wdik ;f &if;om;nDtudt k csi;f csi;f wdu k cf u kd af e&+y;D rdu/JG zuG/J vifao/ om;ypf/ aomuñu&H wJah cwfq;kd }u;D udk ñuaH wG@&rSmpd;k &draf eovm;? 9? toGio f ¾mefom&S+d y;D tESpo f m&r&Sw d hJ tcGit hf a&;twkta,mifawGa=umifh tvkyo f rm;eJ@ v,f orm;awG[m zGwfausmjympk/ c¶ktqHu|wf/ iSufawmifyHu|wfb0u¶kef;rxGufEdkifrSmpdk;&drfae ovm;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

355

EdkifiHa&;cH,lr_ESifh oabmxm;? jrefrmEdik if t H m; vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waomEdik if aH wmftjzpf +idr;f csr;f aomenf;jzifh tjrefq;kH a&muf&v dS +kd y;D jynfov l x l . k qENuakd v;pm;I vl@tcGit hf a&;udw k efz;kd xm;aom tpd;k &tzG@J rsK;d jzifo h m jrefrmEdik if o H nf bufaygi;f pHrk S wd;k wufvmvdrrhf nf[k ,H=k unfygonf? OuUÏ}u;D OD;wifO;D / taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS w hf uG zrf;qD;xdr;f odr;f cH Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; vGwaf jrmuf a&;udk tpOfta&;xm;I carmuf (od@k ) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. a&G;aumufyaJG tmifEikd af &;onf trsK;d om;a&;toGiv f uQ%m aqmifaomatmifjrifrr_ sm;. rSww f ikd }f uD;wcktjzpf ,H=k unfygonf? od@k jzpfI &efuif;òr d e,fu, kd pf m; us&mwm0efukd OD;vnfrokef xrf;aqmifrnfh ta=umif; uwdopPmðy tyfygonf? av;pm;pGmjzifh a':cifat;jrifh

ta=umif;t&m ?

? a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfudk a=unmjcif;? 1? &efuif;òrd e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,fwGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol (58 355) OD;teuf (41 977) OD;wdk@ qENrJay;=u&m ,if;wdk@ay;onfhqENrJrsm;teufrS cdkifvHkaomqENrJ (38 114) rJ &&SdcJhygonf? ,if;cdik v f akH om qENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uyg onf? pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; a':cif a t;jrif h trsKd ; om;'D r k d u a&pD t zG J @ csKyf ? 25949 (u)

356

vl@abmifopf'rD u dk &ufwpfygwD

653

&mckid Ef e_ ;f 68 ² 08 1 ² 71

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (*) OD;armifarmifjrifh (C) a':vS=unf (i)

OD;0if;armif

(p) OD;odef;wef

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD? woD;yk*~v

9529

25 ² 0

324

0 ² 85

jynf a xmif p k t rsKd ; om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD? 'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D§+idrf;)

1077

2 ² 83

582

1 ² 53

2? od@k ygI txufygvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (u) yg cdik v f akH om qENrt J rsm; qH;k &&So d nfh a':cifat;jrifo h nf &efuek w f ikd ;f / &efuif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1423) (1360 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvqef; 7 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 24 &uf)

trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

43? a&$jynfomòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdefvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdev f iG f (Adv k f}u;D oef;xGe;f -t+ird ;f pm;) onf a&$jynfom (òr d opf) rJqENe,fwiG f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (12 400) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 22) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;jr&$e;f / trd a':pderf wd@k rS 1922 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm;cJh onf? óu@d yifaumufòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdev f iG f (Adv k }f u;D oef;xGe;f -t+ird ;f pm;) onf óu d yifaumufòr d trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) wyf&if; (2) ysO;f rem;ppf0ef}u;D ±H;k / xdrk S ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmf (yDbt D ufz)f wdik ;f (4)/ (105)wyf&if; ysOyf }kH u;D pcef;zsuo f rd ;f onf txdyg0ifco hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &cJo h nf? 1940 jynfEh pS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd ppf&w J yf&if; (4) wyfcrGJ ; wyfa&;Adv k }f u;D / ppf&AJ v kd }f u;D / OD;pD;t&m&Sd ('k)/ a&;§axmuf/ Adv k }f u;D tqif/h wyfcrGJ ; Adv k }f u;D cv& (57)/ evu OuUÏ tkwfwiG ;f / wyfcrGJ ; Adv k }f u;D / cr& (109) vm;¶_;d (vkyo f uf (2) ESpaf v#m@csc&H onf)? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f wyfrawmfrw S w f rf;±H;k / 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G (wdik ;f ±H;k ) wGif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 44? vomòr e,frJqENe,f?

ta=umif;t&m ? ? a':cifat;jrift h m; &efuek w f ikd ;f / &efuif;òr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &efuek w f ikd ;f / &efuif;òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm uf cHxm; &ol a':cifat;jrifu h rdro d nf ,cktcg use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef ,if;.qENt av#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg a':cifat;jrif. h wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i)ESit hf nD a':cifat;jrift h m; ,ae@rpS I &efuif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf?

357

OD;=unfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfjrifo h nf vomòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (11 205) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (84 ² 88) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1953 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (14) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif.om; jzpfonf? OD;=unfjrifo h nf tvHk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S bD-tDueG ;f bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd pDru H ed ;f a&;qGaJ &;OD;pD;Xme (±H;k csKyf/ vGKd ifaumf/ zm;aqmif;) ±H;k 0efxrf;/ 1982 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1993 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (15) &ufae@wiG f &efuek af jrmufyikd ;f c¶dik f w&m;¶H;k rS 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n)/ rw&m;toif;rsm; tufOya'yk'rf 17 (1)/ 1962 ckEpS /f yHEk ydS x f w k af 0cGiOhf ya' yk'rf 17§20 wd@k jzifh jynfya&muftwdu k t f cH tzG@J tpnf;rsm; xkwaf 0onfph mtky/f pmapmifrsm;tm; v#K d 0Supf mG jzef@a0onf[q k u kd m axmif'%f tESpf (20) csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ &mrS 2001 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (9) &ufae@wiG f jrif;jct H usO;f axmifrjS yef vGwo f nf?

358

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (402) (1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf)

45? v_difòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;a&$ (t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) t+ird ;f pm;Adv k rf ; }u;D armifa&$onf vdi_ òf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 779) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 82) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1920 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (4) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? ayguaf cgi;f òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;bd;k om trd a':a':tH;k wd@k .om;jzpfonf? OD;a&$onf i,fpOfu ayguaf cgi;f / jynf/ &efuek w f @kd wiG f ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG f Oypm0dZm tydik ;f (c) Ywufa&mufaepOf Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t) od@k 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t)/ ArmhumuG,af &; wyfrawmf (bD'aD t)/ ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmf (yDAt D ufz)f / Armhwyfrawmfw@kd wiG f wm0ef xrf;aqmifc&hJ m/ 1961 ckEpS rf S 1964 ckEpS t f xd Adv k rf ;ª }u;D / wdik ;f rª; (ta&S ydik ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf)/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd pufrv _ ufrE_ iS hf tvkyo f rm;Xme 0ef}u;D / 1962 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd awmfveS f a&;aumifp0D if/ jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD A[dak umfrwD0ifEiS hf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ A[dt k vkyo f rm;aumifpD OuUÏ/ 1972 ESpw f iG f wm0eftm;vH;k rS&yfpcJ &H +y;D / awmfveS af &;tpd;k & uw&m;pGJ cJ&h m txl;cH±k ;kH jzifph pfaq;cJ+h y;D w&m;pGq J &dk eftcsurf &SI d tr_wiG t f Edik &f &Scd o hJ nf? ygw. D ta&;,lc&H r_ twGuf ygww D iG ;f t,lcw H ufc&hJ m A[dak umfrwDwiG t f Edik &f aomfvnf; A[dn k v D mcHt,lcaH umfrwDu if;udpu P kd qufvufaqmif&u G af y;jcif;r&Scd yhJ g? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmf yH}k u;D wGif wyfr; a[mif;}u;D rsm; (15) OD;tzJ@G wiG f yg0ifonf? rsK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G EiS hf trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@dk wiG f A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? OD;a&$onf rdr. d use;f rma&;tajc taea=umifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&efwifjyvmojzifh aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (7) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (972) jzifh Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf ycJo h nf? OD;a&$rS trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfo@kd A[dOk ;D pD;tzG@J 0if/ &efuek w f ikd ;f pnf;tzG@J 0ifEiS hf omreftzG@J 0iftjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y&efawmif;qdck o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J rS OD;a&$xrH S Ekwx f u G cf iG rhf wifjyrD 1991 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (7) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf jhJ cif;tm; trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfo@kd óudwiftoday;cJjh cif;r&So d jzifh tzG@J csKyf.rlEiS hf qef@usio f jzifh tzG@J csKyf.omref ¶d;k ¶d;k tzG@J 0iftjzpfrS 1991 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (8) &ufae@rpS I xkwyf ,fco hJ nf? pnfoAl v kd rf ;ª }u;D armifa&$ (t+ird ;f pm;/ =unf;-3575/ ,cif awmfveS af &;aumifp0D if/ +ird ;f )/ (0ef}u;D / pufrv _ ufrE_ iS hf tvkyf orm;0ef}uD;Xme/ +idr;f )/ vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if (yxrqif)h Edik if *hH % k &f nf (yxrqif)h / *syefacwf Adv k o f ifwef; tywfpOf (1)/ touf (81) ESpo f nf 2001 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@wiG f &efukefòrd aetdrYf uG,v f eG o f nf? ZeD;rSm a':cifjrjrjzpf+y;D om; OD;0if;Edik /f orD; a':cifrmaxG;/ a':cif¶yl wd@k xGe;f um; cJhonf?

ta=umif;t&m ?

? a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rnfukd a=unm jcif;? 1? vomòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,fwiG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l (18 698) OD;teuf (14 035) OD;wd@k qENraJ y;=u&m ,if;wd@k ay;onfq h ENrrJ sm;teufrS cdik v f akH omqENrJ (13 201) &&Scd yhJ gonf? ,if;cdik f vHak omqENrrJ sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; toD;oD;u atmufygtwdik ;f &&S=d uygonf? pOf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; ukd,fpm;ðyonfh ygwDtzGJ@ &&Sdonfh trnf tpnf; qENrJaygif; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11205 (u) OD;=unfjrifh

&mckid Ef e_ ;f

223

1 ² 69

0 ² 18

255

1 ² 93

1431

10 ² 84

40 23

0²3 0 ² 17

(*) OD;wifEG,f (C) a'gufwm a':ykdykd

'Drkdua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ csKyf ('D§+idrf;) jynfol@a&S@aqmifygwD (y&y)

jynfaxmifpk trsKd;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDygwD? (i) Akdvf}uD;armifarmif (t+idrf;pm;) wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD? 'Drkdua&pDygwD (p) OD;aomif;aX; uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ qkd&S,f (q) OD;at;armif vpf q ef @ usif a &;/ tm%m&S i f qef@usifa&;/ vGwfvyfaom 'Drkd ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

84 ² 88

2? od@k ygI txufygvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;teuf trSwpf Of (u) yg cdik v f akH om qENrt J rsm; qH;k &&So d nfh OD;=unfjrifo h nf &efuek w f ikd ;f / vomòr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS a&G;aumufwif ajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 41 yk'rf cGJ (*) ESit hf nD a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t&(at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

359

360

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

bk&m;/ odrf/ ausmif;/ Z&yf/ &[ef;'g,um}uD; pnfolAdkvfrª;}uD;armifa&$ (t+idrf;pm;)

ppfO;D pD;wuUov kd f (&efuek )f wGzJ uf/ 1971 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (1) &ufae@wiG f 'kAv kd rf ;ª }uD;tqifjh zifh wyfrawmfrS t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? =u H cdik af &;/ uif;axmufEiS =hf uufajceDtoif;wd@k wiG f t"duwm0ef,cl hJ onf? wyfrawmfwm0efjzifh jynfy (7) Edik if o H @kd avhvma&;oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? jynfwiG ;f a&a=umif; o,f,lydk@aqmifa&; (y-&-o-z) ESifh A[dko,f,lydk@aqmifa&;aumfrwDOuUÏ/ &efukefqdyfurf;ESifh taumufceG t f xl;rif;}u;D / or0g,r !¸e=f um;a&;rª;/ jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD wdik ;f cJG (3)/ csi;f jynf e,f 'kw, d OuUÏ/ ygwXD mecsKyf/ ynma&;Xme}u;D rª;paom ygww D m0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? rsK;d cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJ@G A[dak umfrwD0if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fem,uwm0efw@kd ,cl o hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h / Edik if *H % k &f nf (yxrqif)h / oD&yd scH sD bJ@G w@kd cs;D jri jhf cif;cH&onf? 1992 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (21) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf? ZeD;rSm a':=unfvi_d f (c) a':0if;&Djzpf+y;D / om;orD;rsm;rSm a':apmolZm OD;0if;atmif/ a':apmrmvm/ a':apmjrrm/ a'gufwmcifarmifcsdK/ a':apmOrRm/ OD;udk udak pm a':cifEiS ;f a0/ OD;nDnaD pm/ a':cif0if;=uL/ OD;wifrsK;d axG;wd@k xGe;f um;cJo h nf?

BC-3575

,cif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if (+idrf;) 0ef}uD; - pufr_vufr_ESifh tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme (+idrf;) vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (yxrqifh)/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf (yxrqifh) *syefacwfAdkvfoifwef;tywfpOf (1) touf (81) ESpf (aygufacgif;) ayguaf cgi;f òr d ae (OD;bd;k om-a':a':tH;k ) wd@k . om;/ &efuek òf r d ae (OD;xGe;f az-a':oDv)S wd@k . om;oruf/ &efuek òf r d / trSwf (10§ps)/ jynfo@l vrf;/ (7) rdik f jynfvrf;/ r&rf;uke;f òr d e,fae (a':cifjrjr) . cifyeG ;f / OD;0if;Edik f (a) Kennet Shwe - a':cifcif ( jrefrmpm/ pD;yGm;a&; - +ird ;f )/ OD;jrifah tmif (a'ocH ud, k pf m;vS,f Wooil Marine Co., Ltd.) - a':cifrmxl; (a) Pansy Shwe wd@k . zcif/ rpHp0H if;Edik f (acwW pifumyl)/ r,OfreG x f ;l atmif (acwWpifumyl)/ rat;at;rGejf rwf (SCCD Summit Park View Hotel) wd@k .tbd;k jzpfol Adv k rf ;ª }u;D armifa&$ (t+ird ;f pm;) onf 4-12-2001 &uf (t*F g) ae@ rGe;f vGJ (1) em&D wGif txufygaetdrYf uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygI use&f adS eaom¶kyu f vmyfukd aetdrrf S a&a0;okomefo@kd (8-12-2001) &uf (pae) ae@ rGe;f vGJ (1) em&DwiG f yd@k aqmif*o l iG ;f oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfyga=umif;? (usef&pfolrdom;pk) 46? v_difòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmjrodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apmjrode;f ('kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D / +ird ;f ) onf v_id òf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (31 775) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (77 ² 97) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrpfom;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;òrid /f trd a':aiGyikd w f @kd rS 1924 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (3) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;apmjrode;f onf jrpfom;'Dp}ww d af umifpb D w k f tzJ@G ausmif;rS tv,fwef;atmifjrifI trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif t*Fvyd -f jrefrm q,fwef; txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1942 ckEpS w f iG f ArmhumuG,af &; wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) wyfom;/ r*Fvm'HAk v kd o f ifwef;ausmif;'kw, d ywfqif; Adv k af vmif;/ 1943 ckEpS w f iG f *syefjynf bk&ifph pfwuUov kd /f wdu k sK/d ynmawmfoif (oifwef;+y;D qH;k / Adv k af v;&mxl;)/ 1946 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd uENpD mcsKyft& wyfrawmfuzdk @GJ pnf;onft h cg 1946 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1) &ufae@wiG f jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd 'kw, d Adv k /f xdrk S tru (1) rdwv D m/ wyfct GJ &m&S/d ppf&w J yf&if; (,ltify)D (6)/ rdwv D m/ wyf&if;rª; (rdwv D mwdu k yf /GJ 1949 ckEpS w f iG f autif't D zdk rf;qD;jcif;cH&+y;D (2) ESpaf usmcf ef@ csKyfaESmifc&H onf)? oeu (2)/ usKd i;f wH/k wyf&if;rª;/ cv& (5) ESihf cv& (14)/ ppfawG/ wyf&if;rª;ESihf &cdik w f yfaygi;f pkr;ª / A[dpk pfvufeuf ypPn;f wyf wyfr;ª }uD;/ &efuek òf rd e,f wyfr;ª / Adv k o f ifwef;ausmif;ESit hf =uyfoifwef;ausmif; ausmif; tky}f u;D / cv& (10) awmifil wyf&if;rª;/ csi;f oeu (4) wmcsv D w d /f usKid ;f wH/k wyf&if;rª;ESihf acwWAsL[mrª;/

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

361

47? v_difom,mòr e,frJqENe,f? Adkvf}uD;oef;ºu,f (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Adv k }f u;D oef;ºu, G f (t+ird ;f pm;) onf v_id o f m,m (òr d opf) rJqENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 248) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 98) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1927 ckEpS /f rwfv (26) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;wif. h om; jzpf onf? Adv k }f u;D oef;ºu, G f (t+ird ;f pm;) onf 1300 jynft h a&;awmfykH ausmif;om;oydww f iG v f nf;aumif;/ 1941 ckEpS /f tm&Svil ,f rtlyifc¶dik w f iG v f nf;aumif; yg0ifco hJ nf? 1947 ckEpS w f iG f Armhaoewfuikd f wyfo@kd 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? 1949 ckEpS w f iG f aròr d bDtm&fpaD vhusiahf &;wyf/ yk'rf (5) jzifh (8) vtcsKyfc&H +y;D wyfrx S u G cf iG ahf y;cJo h nf? 1950 jynfEh pS w f iG f rtlyifc±dik pf pf0efxrf;wyfo@kd 0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D 1955 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfo@kd u;l ajymif;onft h cg jyefwrf;0ift&m&St d jzpf cv& (30) wGif wm0efusco hJ nf? 1961 ckEpS w f iG f cv& (7) (bbppfqifa&;)/ 1963 ckEpS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd e,fjcm;0efaxmuf (usKd if;wHEk iS hf wmcsv D w d cf ±kid )f / 1966 ckEpS rf S 1972 ckEpS t f xd evu OuUÏ oeyfyif/ tif;pde/f r*Fvm'H/k Aef;armuf/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f rdrq d ENtav#muf wyfrx S u G cf o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd tif;pdeòf rd e,f aumifpD OuUÏ/ vdi_ o f m,mòr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 48? vSnf;ul;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmausmfpdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;apmausmpf ed o f nf vSn;f ul;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (26 113) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 98) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1932 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (25) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz apmjrwfrif;/ tdr aemfped ! f eG @f w@dk . om;jzpfonf? OD;apmausmpf ed o f nf armfvòrid af tbDtrfausmif;/ tvHk yJc;l u&if ausmif;wd@k wiG f owWrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? xd@k aemuf ausmif;rSxu G I f opfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf hJ onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Drkd

362

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ua&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f aus;&GmOuUÏ wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr&Sirf S 1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (6) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1426) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif;a=unmcJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (7) &ufae@ uG,v f eG f onf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðy vkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyf tr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsuf t& 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSw/f 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m; vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf?

aemfa'G;r,faemf/ (apmvG)D / (apmzd;k atmif)-aemfrm}u;D / apmoef;',f-aemfap;azmrif;wd@k . tud/k apm xl;a*g-h aemfzaJ p;/ apm0if;Adv k -f aemfoef;oef;at;/ apmxGe;f pH=unf-aemf0g;qufzvd@k w@kd . zcif/ aemfa[h Z,fx;l . tbd;k onf 7-11-2004 &uf (we*FaEGae@) nae (7 ; 09) em&DwiG f c&pfawmfY tdyaf ysmo f mG ; ygI 10-11-2004 &uf (Ak'[ < ;l ae@) rGe;f vGJ (1) em&DwiG f oò* [ õ yf grnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1426) (1360 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 6 &uf) ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;apmausmpf ed t f m; &efuek w f ikd ;f vSn;f ul;òr e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm uf cH xm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &efuek w f ikd ;f vSn;f ul; òrd e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&ol OD;apmausmpf ed u f rdro d nf touft&G,}f uD;&ifv h m+yD; use;f rma&; raumif;awmhygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m; &oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;apmausmpf ed . f wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;apmausmpf ed t f m; ,ae@rpS I vSn;f ul;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

49? vSnf;ul;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pHwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHwifonf vSn;f ul;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 640) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 96) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1947 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (22) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;vSaz.om; jzpfonf? OD;pHwifonf a&wm&Snfòr d e,f/ òr d vStpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ v,fa0;òr d e,f atvmtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ awmifiòl r d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2)/ armfvòrid af umvdy/f &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov kd f (jyify) wk@d wiG f 0dZm bJ@G &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? txufwef;a&S aeESihf rSwyf w kH ifOya'pmar;yJG wd@k uv kd nf; atmifjrifco hJ nf// 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifchJ onf? w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vku d yf gaqmif&u G t f oufarG;onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (6) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1446) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0; qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSw/f 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unm cJo h nf?

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50? vrf;rawmfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;aeOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;aeOD;onf vrf;rawmfòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 765) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (81 ² 38) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ae0if; (tqm[d&iS b f eG ;f ) (uG,v f eG )f / trd a':&D&w D @dk rS 1952 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (19) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? &efuek òf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;aeOD;onf pde@f yufx&pfausmif;/ a':EkEck ifausmif;/ tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (2) tvH/k &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd w f @kd wiG f 0dZm (jrefrmpm) bG@J & onftxd ynmoif=um; cJo h nf// rdzydik f (ae&D&)D yHEk ydS w f u dk w f iG f refae*smtjzpfaqmif&u G o f nf? 1350 jynf(h 1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd f pm;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (13) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (1270) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? 2001 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (28) &ufae@wiG f &efuek òf r d / A[dpk nfaq;¶H}k u;D Y uG,v f eG o f nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f

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364

363

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366

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

od@k a&muf&o dS nft h cg armifvi_d ef [ D k trnfajymif;cJo h nf? OD;armifarmifvwf (a'guw f mv_id ef )D onf 1956 ckEpS rf S 1959 ckEpS t f xd rvdi_ òf rd / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGiyf nmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd &efuek òf r d / a&ausmt f xufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? Adv k w f axmiftpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1977 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (1) rS q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1979 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd yJc;l wdik ;f twGi;f aq;0efxrf;vkyif ef;wd@k ukd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? aq;wuUov kd f (1) ausmif;om;b0wGif u|e;f qG,t f a&;tcif;ESihf OD;oef@ta&; tcif;wk@d wiG f wufwufºuºG uyG g0ifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l ta&;awmfy}kH u;D umv qENjy&mwGif ud, k w f idk rf yg0ifcahJ omfvnf; n (8) em&D jrefrmhtoHowif;ukd oHy;kH wD; ±_wcf s&ef v_@H aqmfchJ onf? rmCvkvif trnfjzifh w&m;r0ifpmapmifxw k af 0cJo h nf? a'guw f mv_id ef D onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@u rE aW v;taemufawmifòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf±;kH wGiðf y vkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#Kd 0Suftpnf;ta0;wGif wufwufºuGºuG yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cHc&hJ ojzifh a&G;aumufyOGJ ya'yk'rf 11 (n) ESihf +ipd eG ;f I jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf?

(2) &ufae@rS 1967 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (14) &ufae@txd armfvòrid af xmifwiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1969 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd tif;pdef yvupma&;0efxrf;/ 1972 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd vrf;pOfvil ,fEiS hf ygwXD mecsKyf wd@k wiG f Xmerª;/ 1978 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (22) &ufae@wiG f vli,fEiS hf ywfoufaom owif;aqmif;yg;ESpfyk'fudpP/ EdkifiHa&;orm;ESpfOD;wdk@ESifhywfoufaomudpPwdk@a=umifh wm0efEiS t hf zJ@G 0iftjzpfrS &yfpx J w k yf ,fjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1968 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd armifoed ;f !Ge@f (aumhu&dw)f trnfjzifh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS &JreG w f yfòr d &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 2001 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (6) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? 2004 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7) &ufae@wiG f ESpaf ygi;f (30) =um aexdik v f mcJo h nfh oCFe;f u|e;f òr d e,f/ av;axmifu h efvrf;&Sd {u0ufe;D yg;us,f jct H rSwf (72) &Sd aetdrf tm; &efuek t f a&S ydik ;f c¶dik f w&m;¶H;k rS 1978 ckEpS u f csKyq f x kd m;onfh pmcsKypf mwrf;udyk ,fzsu+f y;D aetdru f kd tarGqikd t f rd t f jzpf ajymif;vJowfrw S I f avvHwifa&mif;cs&efjyifqifI zdtm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (6) &ufae@wiG f vGwv f yfonfh tm&StoH (Radio Free Asia) toHvi$ Xhf meESihf awG@qkH ar;jref;cJo h nft h wGuf 1926 ckEpS /f w&m;¶H;k rsm;udk rxDrjhJ rifðyr_tufOya'' yk'rf (3) t& '%faiG (2000) usyaf y;aqmif&ef ysuu f u G yf gu tvkyrf ahJ xmif'%f (1) vuscaH p&ef trde@f csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? ZeD;rSm a':cifcifat; (w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S ae) jzpf+y;D om;ESpOf ;D xGe;f um;onf?

52? omauwòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f jrifo h nf omauwòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (35 576) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 7) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? yJc;l òrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f &if/ trd a':oef;wd@k rS 1936 ckEpS /f atmufwkd bmv (16) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;tke;f jrifo h nf yJc;l òr d trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; atmifjrifI &efuek w f uUov kd rf S odyb H` @JG (bDtufppf )D &cJo h nf? 1962 ckEpS rf pS I ocsmF ESi±hf yl aA'enf;jy udk,fydkifoifwef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? 53? oCFe;f u|e;f òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;odef;!Gef@ (armifodef;!Gef@-aumhu&dwf)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ode;f !Ge@f onf oCFe;f u|e;f òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (34 232) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1944 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;^m%f&if.om; jzpfonf? OD;ode;f !Ge@f (aumhu&dw)f onf bDattm&ft,fv/f tdwcf s*f syD /D 'Da*sb@GJ & w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aejzpfonf? 1959 ckEpS rf S 1961 ckEpS t f xd u&ifjynfe,fEiS w hf eoFm&Dwikd ;f ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ aumhu&dwf ausmif;om;or*~jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;r ;/ ausmif;om;nD!w G af &;wyfO;D acgi;f aqmif/ o[m,ESiphf mzwftoif;csKyf OuUÏ/ ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ukd OD;aqmifco hJ jzifh 1963 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv

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54? oCFe;f u|e;f òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrifhodef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;jrifo h ed ;f onf oCFu|e;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (33 392) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 78) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1928 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? OD;zd;k aX;.om;jzpfonf? OD;jrifo h ed ;f onf zufqpf*syef awmfveS af &;wGiyf g0ifcI hJ armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &cJo h nf? wdik ;f &if;jrefrmaq;q&mpmar;yGJ atmifjrif xm;I ud, k yf ikd jf refrmh±;kd &maq;wdu k zf iG v hf pS x f m;onf? 1950 jynfEh pS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd òrd e,fc±dik f z-q-y-v wGif yg0ifO;D aqmifco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d)k awmifov l ,form;tzJ@G wiG f wm0ef,lcJhonf? 55? oHk;cGòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vGif (Adkvfr_;}uD;armifvGif-t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vGio f nf oH;k cGòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 189) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 11) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1924 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (22) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? tz OD;bom/ trd a':ode;f wd@k . om; jzpfonf? OD;vGio f nf 1942 ckEpS /f 'kw, d urBmppf}u;D rwdik rf D &efuek òf r d wGif oli,fwef;rS q,fwef; txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t)/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t)/ ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmf (yDbt D ufz)f wd@k wiG yf g0ifco hJ nf? bD'd aD t

368

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

yxrywfAdkvfoifwef;qif;/ *syefjynf bk&ifhwyfrawmfppfwuUodkvfausmif;qif;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sjd zpfvm+y;D / 1946-58 ckEpS f wGif oeu (5)/ trSwf (7) ajcvsiw f yfaygi;f pkXmecsKyf/ ucsif (1)/ cr& (104) wd@k wiG f Adv k rf ;ª }u;D tqift h xd wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS rf S 1954 ckEpS t f xd tqifjh rifph pfoifwef;rsm;udk t*FvefjynfppfwuUov kd rf sm;wGif wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1959 ckEpS w f iG f Adv k rf ;ª }u;D tqifjh zifh ppforH ;ª (tar&duefjynfaxmifp)k / 1963 ckEpS w f iG f vyc 'kw, d wdik ;f rª;/ 1964 ckEpS w f iG f &wcwdik ;f rª;/ 1969 ckEpS w f iG f trsK;d om;pDru H ed ;f 0ef}u;D Xme 'kw, d 0ef}u;D / 1971 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfrS jyefwrf;0ift&m&St d vky0f wW&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfEcHS iG ðhf ycJo h nf? pDru H ed ;f ESib hf ¾ma&; 0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;/ 1974 ckEpS w f iG f 'kw, d 0ef}uD;csKyf/ 1977 ckEpS w f iG f wwd,t}udryf gwn D v D mcHY A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf a&G;cs,rf cHawmhbJ 'kw, d 0ef}u;D csKyfEiS hf pDru H ed ;f ESib hf ¾ma&; 0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D rS Edik if aH wmfaumifp0D if/ 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f tem;,lco hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if (yxrqifh)/ EkdifiHh*k%f&nf (yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsDbJG@wkd@csD;jr ifhcH&onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;+yD;aemuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f b¾ma&;Xmerª;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? OD;wifO;D / OD;=unfarmif/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D aemuf 1991 ckEpS /f rwfv (26) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J wiG f twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf aetdrt f us,cf sKyfrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvm+y;D aemuf 1995 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (9) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwDY twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf jyefvnfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uH wdu k cf u kd o f wfjzwfr}_ u;D jzpfymG ;pOf aetdrt f us,cf sKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ I 2004 ckEpS /f {+yv D (13) &ufae@wiG f aetdrt f us,cf sKyfrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf? ZeD;rSm a':wifwifrav;jzpf+y;D / orD; a':pkpv k iG /f om; OD;ausmq f ef;vGiw f @kd xGe;f um;cJo h nf? ¡ 1990 aemufyikd ;f rSm tifet f ,fv'f t D aeeJ@ Edik if aH &;ygww D cktjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfEikd af &; udk aESmif, h u S +f crd ;f ajcmufrt _ rsK;d rsK;d =um;xJu ¶ke;f uefae&wJh OD;atmifa&$ukd rsm;pGmulncD o hJ u l awmh tifet f ,fv'f D tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J & J rlvtzG@J 0ifvnf;jzpf/ tifet f ,fv'f &D J b¾ma&;rª;vnf;jzpfwhJ OD;vGiyf gy?J 'kw, d urBmppfjzpfv@kd OD;vGib f t D ikd af txJ0ifwt hJ csed w f ek ;f u touf (18) ESpyf &J ydS gao;w,f? k o f ifwef;ausmif;rSm OD;vGi[ f m 1943 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f twGi;f *syefEikd if H Rikugun Shikan Gakko Adv oifwef;wufz@kd apv$wjf cif;cH&wJh jrefrmt&m&Sad vmif;awGxu J wOD;jzpfygw,f? 1945 =o*kwv f rSm jrefrmt&m&Sid ,fav;awG ppfoifwef;+yD;wJt h csed rf mS jrefrmEdik if rH mS zufqpfawmfveS af &;u paeyg+yD? OD;vGief @J o@l & J vkyaf zmfuikd b f uf t&m&Sid ,fav;awG[m Hakone rSm 1945 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvtxd aecJ&h +y;D / pm;zd@k aomufz@kd twGuf rD;aoG;zkwaf &mif;cJ&h ygw,f? vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;wJah emuf OD;vGi[ f m wyfrawmfxrJ mS yJ qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;/ t*Fvef eJ@ taemuf*smreDawGukd ppfoifwef;awGwufz@kd apv$wjf cif;cH&ygw,f? 1959 ckEpS rf mS ol[m 0g&iS w f efrmS ppforH ;ª tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcyhJ gw,f? tar&duefjynfaxmifpu k ae jyefvm+y;D wJah emuf tv,fyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyfwikd ;f rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeqJrmS &efuek rf mS 'k0ef}uD;wm0ef xrf; aqmifz@kd tac:cH&ygw,f? 1962 ckEpS rf mS ppfwyfutm%modr;f +y;D wJah emuf jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOf ygwu D kd wnfaxmifc+hJ y;D / wdik ;f jynfut kd yk cf sKyfaepOfumvtwGi;f rSm OD;vGi[ f m b¾ma&;0ef}u;D tjzpf

wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? tJ'Daemuf 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf/ EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0iftjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifcyhJ gw,f? ol[m Edik if aH wmfaumifp0D iftjzpfrmS Ekwx f u G v f u kd yf gw,f? OD;vGi[ f m 1988 ckEpS rf mS tifet f ,fv'f x D rJ mS yg0ifc+hJ y;D / ol@& J b¾ma&;qdik &f m tawG@tñuH awG/ ¶d;k om;ajzmifrh wfr*_ % k o f u d mQ awGa=umifh b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf a&G;cs,jf cif;cH&ygw,f? 1992 rSm tifet f ,fv'f u D kd twif;t"rRjyefvnfz@JG pnf;cdik ;f wJt h cgrmS OD;vGi[ f m twGi;f a&;rª;wm0efu, kd +l yD;/ OD;atmifa&$[mOuUÏ jzpfvmcJyh gw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynfuvmwJph m trSw(f 18)rS æ¢

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56? oH;k cGòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmjf rifo h nf oH;k cGòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (18 282) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 37) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? oH;k cGòrd e,f/ waumaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHv/S trd a':apmvSw@kd rS 1934 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausmjf rifo h nf wkid ;f &if;aq;ynm oH;k bmom *k%x f ;l jzifah tmifjrifaom ±d;kd &maq;ynm&Siw f OD;jzpfI wkid ;f &if;y&aq;okawoe tcrJv h yk if ef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;aq;0g;wk;d wufa&;wk@d ukd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? pmqdak wmfr*~Zif;xkwaf 0ol/ wufae0if;yHEk ydS w f u kd f yHEk ydS o f /l obm0owWad q;wdu k v f yk if ef;wd@k ukd vkyu f ikd o f nf? 57? oHv#ifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwm0if;Edkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f m0if;Ekid o f nf oHv#iòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 845) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 46) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? A[ef; (&efuek )f Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ trd a':!¸e@f &iS w f @kd rS 1954 ckEpS /f rwfv (10)&ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f m0if;Ekid o f nf omauwòr d tpd;k & txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (2) rS q,fwef; atmifjrifcI hJ aq;wuUov kd f (1) &efuek rf S 1979 ckEpS w f iG f q&m0efb@JG &&Scd o hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS f txd jyifyq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? oefvsiòf rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG J csKyfwiG f OD;aqmifwm0ef,cl hJ onf? 58? oHv#ifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;oef;0if;onf oHvsiòf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 893) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 67) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1930 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f (26) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? +rdwfòrd Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;pdev f #. H om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;0if;onf 1951 ckEpS w f iG f odyb H` @JG (yxra&$wq H yd q f )k / 1952 ckEpS w f iG f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

odyH` (*k%x f ;l ) ("mwkaA') a&$wq H yd q f /k 'Dyw D ED iS phf t D ;D (City and Guilds of London) bJ@G veG 'f yD vkrd m& a&eH"mwkoyd yH` nm&Siw f OD;jzpfonf? 1953 ckEpS w f iG f t}uD;wef;"mwkaA't&m&Sd (bDtpkd )D oefvsif a&eHcsupf uf¶/kH 1977 ckEpS w f iG f !¸e=f um;a&;r ;/ ref;oHy&k muefprD u H ed ;f / 1984 ckEpS w f iG f !¸e=f um;a&;r ;/ a&eH"mwkEiS o hf bm0"mwfaiG@vyk if ef;aumfydak &;&Si;f / 1987 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? a&eH"mwkEiS hf ywfoufI bJ@G veG , f jl cif;/ avhvma&;c&D;ESihf ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG sm; wufa&mufjcif;wk@d twGuf jynfyEdik if H aygi;f (20) ausmo f @kd omG ;a&mufc+hJ yD; ,if;tawG@tñuHrsm;udk jrefrmha&eHvyk if ef;wGif vufawG@toH;k csco hJ nf?

a':pef;pef;0if;

OD;oef;0if; !¸ef=um;a&;rª;/ pDrHa&; (+idrf;) jrefrmha&eH"mwkaA'vkyfief; touf (70) oefvsiòf r d / aomufawmfwiG ;f &yfuu G /f OD;vSxeG ;f vGiv f rf;/ trSwf (38) ae a':pDp/D (OD;xGe;f atmifausm)f wd@k . nDarmif/ OD;wifarmifausm-f a': jrjr+idr;f / OD;tke;f ausm-f a':rO LxGe;f wd@k . OD;av; jzpfoo l nf 20-1-99 &uf(Ak'[ < ;l ae@) nae (4 ;25) em&DwiG f uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygojzifh 22-1-99 &uf (aom=umae@) rGe;f vGJ (1) em&DwiG f txufygaetdrrf S oefvsif ewfpifuek ;f okomefo@kd y@kd aqmif *loiG ;f oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfyga=umif;? usef&pfolrdom;pk 59? tvHòk r e,frq J ENe,f? a':pef;pef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) a':pef;pef;0if;onf tvHrk òJ r d e,fqENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 503) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 54) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHchJ &onf? a';'&Jòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udu k }kd u;D (t+ird ;f pm;OD;pD;r ;)/ trd a':0rf;wd@k rS 1945 ckEpS /f 'DZif bmv (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a':pef;pef;0if;onf vom tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2) (pde*f |e;f uGeAf if)h / òr d rtrsK;d orD;ausmif;wk@d wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1971 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f 0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S Oya'bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS rf pS I w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vku d yf gaqmif&u G cf hJ onf? tr&yl&òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrf w f iG ðf y vkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufco hJ jzifh oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? xd@k aemuf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G; aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf 11 (n) jzif+h ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? e0w a=unmcsut f rSwf (11§92) t& jypfrq _ ikd &f musix hf ;kH Oya'yk'rf 401 (1) jzifh 1992 ckEpS /f arv (1) &ufae wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

371

B.A. (Law), LL.B.

w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa&S ae touf (55)ESpf &efuek òf r d / tvHòk r d e,f/ trSwf 151/ ik0gvrf;ae Adv k rf ;ª udu k }kd u;D (+ird ;f ) - (a':0rf;) wd@k . orD; }u;D / OD;xGe;f udu k }kd u;D - (a':csKd ,kvi_d )f / OD;cifarmifat;-a':vJv h 0hJ if;/ OD;rsK;d udu k }kd u;D - a':tufpwm wd@k . tr}u;D / r,rHak t;/ armifxeG ;f csKd vif;/ armifausmu f u kd /kd rupfupf/ armifjynfph w kH @kd . ta': jzpfol a':pef;pef;0if;onf (7-6-2000) &uf rGe;f vGJ (12 ; 15) em&DwiG f uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygI (9-6-2000) &uf rGe;f vGJ (2) em&DwiG f a&a0;okomefo@kd yd@k aqmifr;D oò* [ õ rf nfjzpfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 60? tif;pdefòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;xGef;v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f v_id o f nf tif;pdeòf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (33 802) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 84) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? wku d }f u;D òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHjrif/h trd a':at;jrwd@k rS 1927 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (16) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;xGe;f v_id o f nf 1943 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd tm&S vli,ftr_aqmif/ zufqpfawmfveS af &;wGif wku d }f u;D òr d e,fajrmufyikd ;f Edik if aH &;wm0efc/H 1945-46 ckEpS w f iG f tvHeyD gwD òrd e,f t wG i f ; a&;r ; / xk d r S wvcG J r # tzrf ; cH c J h & +yD ; aemuf &ef u k e f w uU o d k v f w G i f ynmqufvufoif,cl o hJ nf? 1947 ckEpS rf S 1952 ckEpS t f xd ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ ocsmF toif; tr_aqmif/ tif;pdecf ±dik w f uUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;toif; OuUÏ/ 1951 ckEpS w f iG f odyb H` @GJ &&Scd +hJ y;D Oya' 0dZm oifwef;'kw, df ESpt f xd oif,cl o hJ nf? 1951-52 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tif;pdecf ±dik f òr d e,fq&mrsm;toif; OuUÏ/ 1952-53 ckEpS w f iG f tif;pdecf ±dik f ynmtky/f 1953-54 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyf oifvufaxmufv,f0ef (xkrd S ausmif;om;b0 Edik if aH &;aqmif&u G rf a_ =umifh z-q-y-v tpd;k &u zrf;qD;+yD;/ tvkyrf &S yfpv J u kd o f nf)? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1976 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygw0D if/ ygw, D el pf OuUÏ/ A[dak umfrwD0if/ A[dak &;&maumfrwD0if/ awmifov l ,form;aumifpD tvkyt f r_ aqmif/ A[dt k zJ@G i,f OuUÏ/ 1976 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwrD S oef@pifjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1977 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd tvGwyf nmoifausmif;tky/f 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yJG atmifjrifc+hJ y;D a&S aetjzpfvu dk yf gco hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&; armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1999 ckEpS /f rwfv (4) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1447) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 61? tif;pdefòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdefvSOD; (armifEG,fOD;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdev f OS ;D onf tif;pdeòf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f

372

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (29 639)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (71²05) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1938 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (17) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;bd;k b. om;jzpfonf? OD;pdefvSOD;onf owif;pmorm;wOD;jzpfI &efukefwuUodkvfESifh tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / bDat/ 'Da*s (*suzf mqifzv J ;kd ) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ausmif;om;b0wGif wuUov kd o f wif; axmuf/ ausmif;t+yD;wGif Adv k w f axmifowif;pmt,f'w D m (jynfwiG ;f / jynfyaqmif;yg;/ acgi;f }uD; rsm; a&;om;cJo h nf)/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif owif;pmoydwu f kd acgif;aqmifcJhI/ wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfzJG@pnf;&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf.tiftm;pktjzpf yg0ifco hJ nf? armifE, G Of ;D uavmiftrnfjzifh ¶ky&f iS af 0zefa&; aqmif;yg;trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpfwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyf tr_aqmifaumfrwD0if OD;pdev f OS ;D onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. *ENaD =unmcsut f wdik ;f e0wu v$waf wmfac:,lciG rhf ay;v#if trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f aejzifh aqmif&u G &f rnfh enf;vrf;oH;k oG,u f kd tzJ@G rsm;cJI G a&;om;ðypk&mwGiyf g0ifaqG;aEG;cJo h nf? rE aW v;òr d wGif pifòyid t f pd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#K d 0Suu f pd P wdk@udkvnf;od&Sdxm;cJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;pdefvSOD;onf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf 122 (1) t& axmif'%f (10) ESpcf srw S jf cif;cHc&hJ I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11 (n) ESi+hf idpeG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? wuUov kd f ausmif;om;b0u 1962 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (7) &ufae ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? aemifðyvkyf rnfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (1) &ufae wiG f e0w a=unmcsuf trSw(f 11§92)t& jypfrq _ ikd &f musix hf ;kH Oya' yk'rf 401 (1) jzifh tif;pdeaf xmifrS jyefvw G cf hJ onf? 1994 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (4) &ufae Y ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rSzrf;qD;cJah om a'guw f mcifaZmf0if;. udpEP iS yhf wfoufI if; tygt0if OD;cifarmifaqG (prf;acsmif;) ESihf a':pef;pef;EG J (pef;pef;EG J -om,m0wD) wd k EiS t hf wl 1994 ckEpS /f =o*kwf v (5) &ufae wiG f xyfrzH rf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D axmif'%f (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S cf jhJ cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (6) &ufae@wiG f jrpf}u;D em;tusO;f axmifrS jyefvnf vGwaf jrmufonf?

(13) &Srf;jynfe,f?

jrefrmEdik if t H a&S ydik ;f wGif wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (19) 'D*&D (00) rdepfEiS hf (22) 'D*&D (15) rdepftwGi;f / ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (96) 'D*&D (26) rdepfEiS hf (98) 'D*&D (47) rdepftwGi;f wGif wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufbufwiG f ucsijf ynfe,fEiS hf w¶kwjf ynfo@l orRwEdik if /H ta&S bufwiG f w¶kwjf ynfo@l orRwEdik if EH iS hf vmtdkEdkifiH/ awmifbufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ u,m;jynfe,fESifh u&ifjynfe,f/ taemufbufwGif rE aW v;wkid ;f / ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f wd@k EiS hf xdpyfvsu&f o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (60 155) us,0f ef;onf? jynfe,f òr d awmfrmS awmif}u;D òr d jzpfonf? &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f òr d e,f (52) òr d e,f&dS rJqENe,f (56) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (22) ck tm; ud, k pf m;ðy,SOòf yid o f l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (200) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f avmif; (4) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (204) OD;0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (23) ae&m/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (22) ae&m/ jynfaxmifpk ytd@k 0t f rsK;d om;rsm;tzG@J csKyfrS (3) ae&m/ wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (2) ae&m/ u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J / jynfaxmifpk "EktrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@ 'Dru kd &ufwpfygw/D vm;[l trsKd;om;zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwDESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk; nD!w G af &;ygww D @kd rS (1) ae&mpD toD;oD;a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? 1? uavmòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;jrifhoef;/ jynfaxmifpk "EktrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifo h ef;onf uavmòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f jynfaxmifpk "EktrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (11 232) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (36 ² 03) jzifh a&G;cs,f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

373

374

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ndKpdr/hf trd a':a&$w@kd rS 1947 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (3) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;jrifhoef;onf ynma&;wuUodkvfrS ynma&;bGJ@ (bD-tD;-'D) &cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrSpI atmifyef;tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xdrk S 1989 ckEpS w f iG f emruse;f yifpif,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif txufwef;olemðy a': jrifjh rifh (usKd ufvwf) ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf?

jynfEh pS w f iG f rE aW v;&Joyd o H` @kd wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1941 - 42 ckEpS w f iG f 'k&t J yk /f odE/DM 1942 ckEpS rf S 1952 ckEpS t f xd pcef;r ;/ =uLukw/f yefqikd /f erf;crf;/ 1953 ckEpS rf S 1959 ckEpS t f xd ucsiq f yfpwdwaf umifp0D if/ 1959 ckEpS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd &Jtyk /f 1966 ckEpS rf S 1976 ckEpS t f xd 'k&rJ ; / 1976 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm; ,lco hJ nf?

2? uGef[def;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;vdyf (c) pJvdyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f vdyf (c) pJvyd o f nf uGe[ f ed ;f òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDt zG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (5 195) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (84 ² 08) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;0rf;qGr;f / trd a':eef;vlw@kd rS 1940 jynfEh pS /f {+yv D (25) &uf ae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? uGe[ f ed ;f òr d e,f/ usKd if;vGe;f qGr;f aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f vdyf (c) pJvyd o f nf usKd if;vGe;f aus;&Gm vlxt k ru/ vG,v f iftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f owWrwef;atmifjrifonf txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1970 jynfEh pS f wGif &yfuu G f (2) OuUÏ/ &yfuu G af umifpD OuUÏ/ 1974 ckEpS f rS 1985 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,faumifpt D vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if/ 1985 ckEpS w f iG t f em;,lI ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm; a&;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òr d e,fem,utjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 3? aus;oD;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;wif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;xGe;f wifonf aus;oD;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (6 368) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (86 ² 48) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;xGe;f vS/ trd a':apmcifw@kd rS 1942 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? aus;oD;òr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGe;f wifonf aus;oD;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ vJcsm; tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; wd@k wiG f wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGaJ tmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1962 ckEpS w f iG f vJcsm; tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif acwWausmif;q&m0ifvyk cf o hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS rf pS I ud, k yf ikd v f ,f,m jcv H yk if ef;jzifh toufarG;cJo h nf? 1992 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (7) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

5? uGwfcdkifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;tdkuf&D (c) OD;vS[ef/ wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tdu k &f D (c) OD;vS[efonf uGwcf ikd òf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (1 316) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (34 ² 87) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? uGwcf ikd òf r d e,f/ avmhcrG &f mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armuf crf;/ trd a':at;yGiw hf @kd rS 1946 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;tdu k &f D (c) OD;vS[efonf uGwcf ikd òf r d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wGif e0rwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? xdrk S ukeo f , G af &;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd uGwcf ikd òf r d e,fjynfo@l aumifp0D if/ 1976 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,f or0g,r wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 6? ausmufrJòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSaz (c) pdkif;z/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSaz (c) pdik ;f zonf ausmufròJ r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pD zG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (9 045) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (48 ² 42) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;aygi;f auG/ trd a':qG,cf rf;pDw@kd rS 1950 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? erRwòl r d / yef[u kd &f yfZmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSaz (c) pdik ;f zonf yef[u kd f trsK;d om;rlvwef;ausmif;/ tm0gav'DueG Af ift h xufwef;ausmif; erRww l @kd wiG f tajccHynmoif=um; +y;D aemuf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S bDueG ;f (tdik w f )D pDyaD tbG@J & &Scd o hJ nf? O,smOfjcv H yk if ef; vkyu f ikd o f nf? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDz@JG csKyw f iG f A[dpk nf;rª; (1) wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? ZeD;rSm eef;cifjrifh jzpfonf?

4? uGwfcdkifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cGefqdkif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGeq f idk o f nf uGwcf ikd òf rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (1 761) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (35 ² 44) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? uGwcf idk òf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? 1916 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (9) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;cGe*f sr. f om; jzpfonf? OD;cGeq f ikd o f nf uGwcf ikd òf r d tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ t*Fvyd -f jrefrm tv,f wef;ausmif;/ vm;±_;d / ykord /f paumu&if txuwd@k wiG f (9) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1940

7? ausmufrJòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? pdkif;aqmifqD (c) e,fvfqif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdik ;f aqmifqD (c) e,fvq f ifonf ausmufròJ r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om; rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (8 427) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (50 ² 78) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;aumvD.om; jzpfonf? 1948 ckEpS /f {+yv D (1) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? pdik ;f aqmifpo D nf 1954 ckEpS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd aròr d pderf u kd u f ,fausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1969 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S odyb H` @JG &&Scd o hJ nf? ausmufròJ r d wGif t¶k%Of ;D wnf;cdck ef;zGiv hf pS v f yk u f ikd o f nf? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f A[dpk m&if;ppf (2) wGif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

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8? uGrf;vHkòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;&efusif;armf/ &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;&efusi;f armfonf uGr;f vHòk r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'rD u kd &ufwpfygwt D m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (4 013) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 78) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? ud;k uef@e,f/ ,efawmf&eS &f mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef0ifajymif/ trd a':vDa&Smufavmufw@kd rS 1938 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;&efusi;f armfonf (8) ESpt f &G,w f iG f ,efawmf&eS &f mG &Sd ud;k uef@pmay oif=um;aomausmif;Y (9) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? touf (22) ESpw f iG f tdraf xmifðyI rdom;pkEiS hf twlawmif,mvkyif ef;/ ta&mif;t0,fvyk if ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'rD u kd &uf wpfygww D iG f 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (13) &ufae@wiG f ðyvkyo f nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rS OD;&efusi;f armftm; tzG@J 0ifopftjzpf vufccH hJ onf?

aemifpakH us;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pde0f if;onf arG;csi;f (9) OD;teuf t}uD;qH;k jzpf+yD;/ 1950 jynfEh pS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v;òr d / wdik ;f cspaf usmif;wGif wuUov kd 0f ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1965 ckEpS rf S 1968 ckEpS t f xd ausmif;q&mtjzpf vkyu f ikd cf +hJ y;D / 1981 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd qDqikd òf r d e,f jynfo@l aumifpD tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0ifjzpfco hJ nf?

9? usdKif;wHkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdkif;vHkausmuf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkid ;f vHak usmufonf usKid ;f wHòk r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm;ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (7 781) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 1) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1942 ckEpS /f arv (23) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;armife. D om; jzpfonf? OD;pkid ;f vHak usmufonf 1958 ckEpS w f iG f usKd if;wHt k pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1965 ckEpS t f xd aemifa,; tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ usKid ;f wHw k iG f rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 10? usKdif;wkHòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdkif;&Dwpf (yf)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdik ;f ,Dwpf (yf) onf usKd i;f wHòk r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (11 934) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (77 ² 45) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1942 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (27) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;vHx k . DG om; jzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f ,Dwpf (yf) onf 1965 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ yxrESpo f yd u H` kd awmif}u;D Oypmaumvdyf wGif wESpw f ufa&muf+y;D / 1966 ckEpS w f iG f usKid ;f wHk tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2) wGif tv,fwef; jyq&m/ 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f tvkyrf S Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf?

12? anmifa&$òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmOD;v_dif (c) OD;xGef;vd_if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mOD;v_id f (c) OD;xGe;f v_id o f nf anmifa&$òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (11 874) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 73) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;tke;f / trd a':aygw@kd rS 1949 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a&vnf&yf/ [J,m;&Gmr tif;av;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;v_id f (c) OD;xGe;f v_id o f nf [J,m;&Gmr tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ awmif}u;D òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2) wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (2)/ r*Fvm'Hrk S q&m0efb@G &J &Scd o hJ nf? xkEd pS w f iG f tdraf xmifðycJo h nf? 1976 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd &GmiH vufaxmufq&m0ef/ òr d e,fq&m0ef/ 1979 ckEpS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS /f ZGev f txd yk'rf 5 (n) ESihf 10 (u) wk@kd jzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1984 ckEpS w f iG f &mxl;rS&yfpcJ cH &hJ onf? ,cktcg [J,m;&Gmr/ a&vnf&yfuu G w f iG af eonf? 13? anmifa&$òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;tkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tke;f armifonf anmifa&$òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (2 900) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (52 ² 02) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? anmifa&$òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ºu, G /f trd a': jr[efw@dk rS 1947 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@wiG f arG;cJo h nf? OD;tke;f armifonf 1965 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (6) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? awmif}u;D aumvdyrf S ±lyaA't"dujzifh 'kw, d ESpw f iG f ausmif; xGuo f nf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f a':cifoef;EG@J EiS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyrf x S u G cf o hJ nf? anmifa&$òrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

11? qDqdkifòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdef0if;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;pde0f if;onf qDqikd òf rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f jynfaxmifpyk td@k 0t f rsK;d om;tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (2 110) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (35 ² 5) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1941 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (26) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;q&mav;.om; jzpfonf? [dyk ek ;f òr d /

14? awmif}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmcf ifonf awmif}u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (23 958) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 60) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rd;k n i;f òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;!Ge@f / trdd a':pdew f ifw@kd rS 1939 ckEpS /f arv (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausmcf ifonf odyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? ukeo f , G af &; (1) ESihf zm;uef@ausmuf pdr;f wGi;f wk@d wiG f vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D òr d od@k ajymif;a&$ aexkid cf o hJ nf? 1977 ckEpS w f iG f

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a':ciftek ;f jrifEh iS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? awmif}u;D òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;/ jynfe,f A[dOk ;D pD;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS w f iG f e0wrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / 1996 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (15) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdeòf r d e,fw&m;¶H;k rS 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESp/f 1985 ckEpS /f ¶kyjf rifo=H um;ESiAhf 'D , D t kd ufOya' yk'rf (40) jzifh axmif'%f (3) ESp/f pkpak ygi;f axmif'%f (10) ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ &mrS 2005 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (3) &ufae@wiG f o&ufòr d tusO;f axmifrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufonf? 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (25) &ufae@wiG f wzef awmif}u;D òr d aetdrrf S xyfrzH rf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? awmif}u;D wuUov kd w f iG f 2005 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D rSpI oH;k v=umðyvkycf o hJ nfh Oya'oifwef;wcko@kd wufa&mufaepOf oifwef;olwOD;tm; a':atmifqef;pk =unf&&Scd o hJ nfh qkrsm;pm&if;pm&Guaf y;cJo h nft h wGuf zrf;qD;cHc&hJ jcif;jzpf+y;D tqdyk gausmif;olu, kd w f ikd rf S rdrt d m; oabm¶d;k jzifah y;cJjh cif;jzpf+yD; oifwef;umvtwGi;f OD;ausmcf ifrS rnfonfEh ikd if aH &;pnf;¶H;k r_rS rðycJah =umif; w&m;¶H;k wGix f u G q f ckd ahJ omfvnf; 2005 ckEpS /f {+yv D (8) &ufae@wiG f awmif}u;D c¶dik w f &m;¶H;k rS 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh jypf'%f (7)ESp/f yHEk ydS Of ya' yk'rf 17 (1) jzifh jypf'%f (7) ESp/f pkpak ygi;f jypf'%f (14)ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,f/ awmif}u;D òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol cGeaf zaxG; (c) cGe&f wema[mifu rdro d nf ygwED ikd if aH &;udk pdw0f ifpm;r_ r&Sad wmhojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg cGeaf zaxG; (c) cGe&f wema[mif.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD cGeaf zaxG; (c) cGe&f wema[miftm; ,ae@rpS I awmif}uD;òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

15? awmif}uD;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? cGefazaxG; (c) cGef&wema[mif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? cGeaf zaxG; (c) cGe&f wema[mifonf awmif}u;D òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 886) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 73) jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;ausmif;rmvm.om; jzpfonf? 1949 ckESpf/ atmufwb kd mv (26) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? cGeaf zaxG; (c) cGe&f wema[mifonf odyH` (opfawm) bJ@G ukd 1973-74 ckEpS w f iG f &&Scd o hJ nf? i,fpOfuyif orxusiphf Ofuadk vhvmvku d pf m;cJI h tEN, d / wdbuf/ w&kw/f *syefEiS fh ax&0g'Ak'u < siphf Ofw@dk ukd tm;xkwo f nf? jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfyh gw0D if jzpfczhJ ;l onf? ytk@d 0t f rsK;d om;zG@H òz;d wd;k wufa&;tzG@J wiG f wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r ;/ awmif}u;D òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;±H;k a&;r ;wm0efw@kd ,cl o hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf?

ta=umif;t&m?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1422) (1360 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvqef; 5 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 22 &uf) ? cGeaf zaxG; (c) cGe&f wema[miftm; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ awmif}u;D òr e,f/ jynfo@l v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;?

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379

16? wef@,ef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cGef}uD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGe}f u;D onf wef@,ef;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (1 865) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 68) j zifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;cGepf ed /f trd a':Edik ;f wd@k rS 1930 jynfEh pS /f arv (12) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;cGe}f u;D onf 1950-51 ckEpS w f iG f vm;¶_;d òr d tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;rS (7) wef; atmifjrifchJ onf? 1952 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;xGuI f vm;¶_;d òr d tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;wGif vufaxmufausmif;q&m 0ifvyk cf o hJ nf? xdrk S rdik ;f &,fòr d od@k ajymif;a&$ cJo h nf? 1953-54 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D òr d q&mtwwfoif ausmif;od@k wufa&mufc+hJ yD;aemuf ausmif;q&mtjzpf wef@,ef;òrd e,f/ cdik ;f ywfaus;&Gmod@k ajymif;a&$ vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? ausmif;q&mtjzpfrS tem;,lc+hJ y;D aemufwiG f awmif,mvkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 17? wef@,ef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;xGef;qm (c) pdkif;xGef;0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f qm (c) pdik ;f xGe;f 0if;onf wef@,ef;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om; rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (2 322) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (48 ² 78) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;cef;&Gu/f trd a':eef;vGww f @kd rS 1947 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? p,f[aD us;&Gmtkypf /k uwfawmifaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f xGe;f 0if;onf 1957 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd vm;¶_;d òr d wGif rlvwef;/ 1963 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS t f xd wef@,ef;òr d tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;/ 1967 ckEpS w f iG f wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGaJ tmifjrifI 1968 ckEpS rf S 1970 jynfEh pS t f xd awmif}u;D òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (6) wufa&mufc+hJ y;D tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f awmif}u;D aumvdyo f @kd wufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 1972 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v; 0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S ordik ;f bmomt"du jzifh 0dZm bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,f

380

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

aumifp0D if/ 1978 ckEpS rf S 1991 ckEpS t f xd wef@,ef;òr d e,f w&m;ol}u;D tzG@J 0if/ 1981 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd wef@,ef;òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifpt D vkyt f r_aqmiftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? xd@k aemuf v,f,m vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd o f nf? 18? wmcsv D w d òf r e,frq J ENe,f? OD;pGHqdkif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pGeq f ikd ;f onf wmcsv D w d òf r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (8 901) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 91) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;pHcuf/ trd a':eef;v#Kd ;wd@k rS 1960 jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pGq H ikd ;f onf 1965 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd wmcsv D w d òf r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wGif ynmoif=um;cJ&h m &Spw f ef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1979 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd rdbESit hf wl pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS w f iG f tdraf xmifusonf? 19? erfhpefòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;wif0if; (c) OD;wif0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f wif0if; (c) OD;wif0if;onf erfph efòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (3 752) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (38 ² 54) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? vdKG ifvifòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;jr=unf.om; jzpfonf? 1943 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f wif0if; (c) OD;wif0if;onf 1962-63 ckEpS w f iG f vdKG ifvif òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS ausmif;xGuv f ufrw S &f pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1963-64 ckEpS w f iG f opfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f erfq h efòr d e,fjynfo@l aumifpD twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1981 ckEpS w f iG f erfq h efòr d e,fjynfo@l aumifpw D zG@J v;kH ta&;,lccH &hJ ojzifh aumifp0D iftjzpfrS &yfem;cJo h nf? 1981 ckEpS f rSpI pdu k yf sK;d arG;jrLa&;vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 20? erfhqefòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;ausmf/ wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f ausmo f nf erfq h efòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (6 095) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 93) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;tdu k pf if/ trd a':vSw@kd rS 1949 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;xGe;f ausmo f nf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;pdu k yf sK;d a&;wuUov kd rf S pdu k yf sK;d a&;ynmbG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd tcsed yf ikd ;f òr d e,faumifp0D if/ òr d e,for0g,r twGi;f a&;rª;/ òr d e,fawmifov l ,form;tpnf;t¶H;k 'kw, d OuUÏ/ wtmif; (yavmif) vlrsK;d wd@k .pmay jyefvnfazmf xkwaf &;udk aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? wtmif; (yavmif) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f A[dak umfrwD0ifEiS hf òr d e,fpnf;aumfrwD OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f anmifEpS yf if pcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG af &G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,f

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rsm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf yg0ifwufa&mufco hJ nf? 21? erfhcrf;òr e,frJqENe,f? cGefomat; (c) aq[Hkrkef;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) cGeo f mat; (c) aq[Hrk ek ;f onf erfch rf;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (20 190) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 54) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? odEòDM r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;0[m0rf;/ trd a':crfqmwd@k rS 1935 ckEpS /f arv (13) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? cGeo f mat;onf wuUov kd 0f ifwef; txdynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1959 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;&Joyd w H` iG f 'k&t J yk o f ifwef;wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd 'k&t J yk /f &Jtyk t f jzpfjzifh vm;¶d;_ ESiehf rfch rf;wd@k wiG f wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f e-v-u twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifpD OuUÏ/ 1985 ckEpS w f iG f use;f rma&; a=umifh &Jtyk t f qifjh zifh t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf? Edik if aH wmf&t J r_xrf;wHqyd f cs;D jr ijhf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif&mwGif A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if wOD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? if;. jynfol@tusKd;o,fydk;r_rsm;twGuf rlq,fpmayESifh,Ofaus;r_ aumfrwDrS 2004 ckEpS w f iG f aqcefz qk cs;D jri chf o hJ nf? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (22) &ufae@ eHeufyikd ;f wGif erfch rf;òr d aetdrYf uG,v f eG o f nf? 22? aemifcsdKòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;atmif (c) OD;xGef;xGef;[def;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGe;f atmif (c) OD;xGe;f xGe;f [de;f onf aemifcsKòd rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (18 886) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 99) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;=um[de;f / trd a': jrcifw@dk rS 1949 ckEpS /f {+yDv (30) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? jyifO;D vGiòf r d e,f/ ZD;yif}u;D aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;xGe;f xGe;f [de;f onf 1954 ckEpS w f iG f ausmufròJ r d trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1966 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;xGuf vufrSwf&pmar;yJGESifh 1968 ckESpfwGif ausmufrJòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / 1972 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S odyb H` @GJ (owWaA') &&Scd o hJ nf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f a':pdepf ed o f rd ;f ESiv hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 1973-74 ckEpS w f iG f e,fpyfa'o uGr;f vHòk r d Y rdbq&mcef@ txufwef;jyq&m/ 1975 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGJ atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif aemifcsKòd r d e,f taxGaxGoydwu f yG u f rJ a_ umfrwD OuUÏ/ 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmvwGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? aemifcsKòd r d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wm0efcH tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

382

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

23? erRwlòr e,frJqENe,f? a':aròz;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) a':aròzd;onf erRwlòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (9 782) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 84)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;òz;d (jrefrm) ESihf trd a':&Guw f @kd rS 1927 ckEpS /f arv (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a':aròz;d onf 0dZm bJ@G &cJo h nf? ausmif;q&mrtjzpf (22)ESp/f trSwf (1) ow Kwl;azmfa&;aumfyakd &;&Si;f wGif (19) ESp/f tkycf sKyfa&;&m0efxrf; ('k) tjzpfrS oufjynfyh ifpif,cl o hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd òrd e,fjynfo@l aumifp0D if (tcsed yf ikd ;f )/ vlra_ &;&maumfrwD twGi;f a&;r ;/ òrd e,fpmayvkyo f m;tzJ@G twGi;f a&;r ;/ omoemhwuUov kd jf zpfajrmufa&; òr d e,fOyXmutzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (1) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 2002 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (4) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

a':aròz; (78)ESpf

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1436) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 1 &uf) ta=umif;t&m?

? a':aròz;tm; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ erRwòl r e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwf xGucf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,f/ erRwòl r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr muf cHxm;&ol a':aròzd;u rdro d nf ,cktcguse;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf T aumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg a':aròz;d .wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD a':aròz;d tm; ,ae@rpS I erRwòl r d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

383

Teacher May

o-w-u (t+idrf;pm;) erRwlòr erRwòl r d / yef[u kd &f yfuu G f (4)/ ,kZevrf;/ trSw f (5)ae OD;xGe;f cif. ZeD;/ OD;wifarmifaomif;a':eef;+idr;f vS/ OD;aZ,s-a':=unf=unfaX;/ a':cifa&$/ OD;pd;k vSp-f a':cifxm;/ OD;pHvif;-a':,Of,Ofar/ OD;oef@Zif-a': ararat;/ OD;tHb h , G -f a':aomif;jrifw h @kd . rdcif/ ajr; (16) a,mufw@kd . tbGm;onf (4-11-2002) &ufwiG f erRwòl r d aetdrYf uG,v f eG I f (6-11-2002) &uf nae (3) em&DwiG f yef[u kd f okomefwiG f rD;oò* [ õ +f y;D pD;yga=umif;? usef&pfolrdom;pk 24? yif;w,òr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf yif;w,òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (11 062) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;=u,fajymif/ trd a':wifw@dk rS 1942 ckEpS /f rwfv (9) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? yif;w,òr d e,f/ opft,fyifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifoef;onf 1952 ckEpS w f iG f opft,fyifaus;&GmY rlvwef;ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1956 ckEpS w f iG f tÏrwef;udk awmif}u;D òr d / wkid ;f &if; om;c&pf,meftxufwef;ausmif;rS vnf;aumif;/ 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f yif;w,òr d wGb J uf txufwef; ausmif;rS (10) wef;udk (c) tqifjh zifv h nf;aumif; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd qufo, G af &;aumfyakd &;&Si;f pma&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 25? yifavmif;òrd e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armif}uD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;armif}uD;onf yifavmif;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif jynfaxmifpk ytd@k 0t f rsK;d om; tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (2 761) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 55) jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? yifavmif;òrd e,f/ wDuspfaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? 1937 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&v D (28) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;uau.om; jzpfonf? OD;armif}u;D onf awmif}u;D òr d / ya' o&mZf ta&S ausmif;/ [J,m;&Gmr/ tif;av;/ uavm/ rE aW v;/ &efuek w f @kd wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ mbGJ@&&SdcJhonf? wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif ytdk0fhausmif;om;or*~ 'kwd,OuUÏ/ yifavmif;òrd e,fygwD,lepf¶Hk;wGif ¶Hk;tkyf (3) ESpfvkyfcJhbl;onf? 1974 ckESpfwGif yifavmif;v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,/f ud, k yf ikd v f ufzufjcv H yk if ef; vkyu f ikd o f nf? 26? yifavmif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;p0fomwif/h &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? (uG,v f eG )f OD;p0fomwifo h nf yifavmif;òrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pD

384

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (937) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (71 ² 97) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz yifavmif;apmfbmG ;}uD;p0fcrf;csKyf/ trd r[ma'0Dp0fjrppfw@kd rS 1934 ckEpS /f rwfv (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGmG ;cJo h nf? 1957-58 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS rf pS I &yf&mG wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? ydÉuwfbmomjyef A[dak umfrwD/ òrd e,f aumifp0D iftjzpf xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tr_aqmiftzG@J wiG f 'kOuUÏ (3) tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

e0wrS trde@f trSwf (7§92) jzifh u,ef; trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; zsuo f rd ;f cJo h jzifh cGe;f rm;&fub kd efonf ygwrD jhJ zpfomG ;+y;D woD;yk*v ~ toGiaf &muf&o dS mG ;cJo h nf? jynfyok@d xGucf mG cJ+h y;D 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (21) &ufae@wiG f qG'D ifEikd if /H AGerf m;pApfwiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onft h cg zuf'&,fa&;&m0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cHcJh&onf?

ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (900) (1352 ckESpf/ oDwif;u|wfvjynfhausmf 2 &uf) (1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 5 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ? ? uG,v f eG t f edpaP &mufco hJ nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfa&G;aumuf wifajr mufcHxm;&olOD;p0fomwifhtm; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G; aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&olpm&if;rS y,fzsujf cif;? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f &Sr;f jynfe,f yifavmif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqEN e,ftrSw(f 2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;p0f omwifo h nf 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG t f edpaP &mufco hJ nft h wGuf OD;p0f omwift h m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&olpm&if;rS y,fzsuf vdu k yf ga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª; 27? z,fcHkòr e,frJqENe,f? cGef;rm;&fudkbef/ u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? cGe;f rm;&fub kd efonf z,fcòkH rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (12 536) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (76 ² 89) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz zl;cGe;f usm/ trd yD;rlaomif;wd@k rS 1941 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? u,m;jynf/ rd;k +AeJ ,f/ vG,, f if;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? cGe;f rm;&fub kd efonf 1964-65 ckEpS w f iG f wef;jrifah usmif;xGuaf tmifjrifc+hJ y;D aemuf ausmif;rSxu G cf o hJ nf? 1965 ckEpS rf S 1970 jynfEh pS t f xd ukeo f , G af &;Xme/ 1971 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,ftyk cf sKyfa&;Xmewd@k wiG f tr_xrf;cJh onf? 1982 ckEpS rf pS I v,f,mjcHvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J (A[d)k wGif 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (11) &ufae@wiG f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

385

28? rdk;eJòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;cGefyGifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGeyf iG o hf nf rd;k eJòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (3 145) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 86) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;&Gu0f if.om; jzpfonf? 1923 ckEpS /f ZGev f (18) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? uGe[ f ed ;f òr d e,f/ usKd i;f vGe;f aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;cGeyf iG o hf nf rd;k eJtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;atmifjrif onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1948 ckEpS w f iG f tdraf xmifðycJo h nf? 1958 ckEpS t f xd ukeo f nf vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf I hJ 1959 ckEpS w f iG f zciftem;,lonft h cg zcifae&m usKid ;f vGe;f òrd pm;tjzpf 1962 ckEpS t f xd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd &yfuu G jf ynfo@l aumifpD OuUÏ/ 1982 ckEpS w f iG f ud, k yf ikd q f efpufvyk if ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 29? armufr,fòr e,frq J ENe,f? pdkif;tGwf (c) pdkif;wifatmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdik ;f tGwf (c) pdik ;f wifatmifonf armufr,fòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (2 626) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (86 ² 84) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;oef;.om; jzpfonf? 1958 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? pdik ;f tGwf (c) pdik ;f wifatmifonf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S odyH` (¶lyaA') bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1985 ckEpS w f iG f qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme armufr,fòr d wGif tvky=f uyftjzpf wESpv f yk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? xd@k aemuf tvkyrf x S u G I f ud, k yf ikd jf cv H yk if ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 30? rdik ;f yefòr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;pdkif;rdk;=unf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f rd;k =unfonf rdik ;f yefòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (2 519) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (83 ² 77) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ausmif;!Ge@f / trd a':pef;yGiw hf @kd rS 1953 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (6) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? om;orD; (15) OD;wGif (11) a,mufajrmufom; jzpfonf? 1941 ckEpS w f iG f rdik ;f yeftpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ 1951 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D òr d c&pf,meftxufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um; cJo h nf? 1953 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfo@kd 0ifco hJ nf? trSwf (2) ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wyf/ trSwf (6)/ trSwf (3) axmufvrS ;f a&;wyfw@kd rw S qifh trSwf (2) axmufvrS ;f a&;/ awmif}u;D cv& (41) wd@k wiG f wm0ef

386

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

xrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1966 ckEpS w f iG f wyf=uyf}u;D tqifjh zifh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f rdik ;f yefòr d r vHðk caH &;ESihf tkycf sKyfra_ umfrwD OuUÏ/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,faumifpD OuUÏ/ 1979 ckEpS w f iG f rdik ;f yefòr d e,f ygw, D el pfaumfrwD0if/ tvkyo f rm;OuUÏwm0efrsm;,lc+hJ y;D / 1982 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S f vpfvrf;pOfygwrD S E_wx f u G cf o hJ nf?

33? rdkif;&,fòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;vS'if/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vS'ifonf rdkif;&,fòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (3 472) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (79 ² 18) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1919 ckEpS /f rwfv (15) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;p.om; jzpfonf? OD;vS'ifonf rdik ;f vHt k pd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1936 ckEpS rf S 1952 ckEpS t f xd oDayge,f apmfbmG ;.&JtzG@J wiG f &Jwyfom;rS pcef;rª;txd wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyrf x S u G f cJ+h yD; rdik ;f vHw k iG f tcsKad omufvufzufajcmufvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf &hJ m 1958 ckEpS t f xd jzpfonf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd &Sr;f jynfo@l &t J zG@J wiG f jyefvnf0ifa&mufvyk u f ikd cf +hJ y;D &Jtyk rf S pcef;rª;txd wm0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1979 ckEpS w f iG f oufjynfyh ifpif,cl o hJ nf?

31? rdkif;udkifòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;tGrf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;tGrfonf rdkif;udkifòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (12 012) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (88 ² 69) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rdik ;f udik òf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;cef;aqmeENm/ trd a':pef;pdew f @kd rS 1955 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pdik ;f tGro f nf 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm ESihf odyw H` uUov kd rf S odyH` (¶kuaQ A') bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ rdik ;f udik t f pd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ 1982 ckEpS w f iG f y&aq;ukeo f nf/ 1983 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd twGi;f a&;rª;/ 'kw, d OuUÏ/ v-v-o-o/ 1984 ckEpS w f iG f a':eef;crf;&GuEf iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd a*gyutzG@J / b¾mxde;f / twGi;f a&;rª;/ òr d e,f&rS ;f pmay,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD twGi;f a&;rª;/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òr d e,ftwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 32? rdik ;f &SL;òr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;pdkif;0if;az (c) 0if;az/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f 0if;az (c) 0if;azonf rdik ;f &SL;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (5 523) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 25) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;pHyiG /hf trd a':ESi;f &Dw@kd rS 1957 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (4) &uf ae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pdik ;f 0if;az (Sai Win Pay) onf 1962 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D òr d / a&at;uGi;f &yf&dS a': }u;D -a':i,f tvGwyf nmoifausmif;Yynmoif=um;cJI h (7) wef;wGif tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ 1978 ckEpS w f iG f (10) wef;pmar;yGu J kd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (6) rS atmifjrifchJ onf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS t f xd awmif}u;D a'oaumvdyo f @kd wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 'kw, d ESpw f iG f ¶H;k vkyif ef;'Dyvdrk m&onf? 1980 jynfEh pS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd rE aW v;0dZm ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 0dZm (pdwyf nm) bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? rE aW v;wuUov kd w f iG f ynmoif=um; aepOf &Sr;f pmay r ig;vH;k oifwef;q&mtjzpf yJc;l wdik ;f / awmifiòl rd e,f/ Z&yf}uD;&GmwGif (2) }udrf vkyt f m;ay;cJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGu J kd jrefrm"avhx;kH wrf;Oya'*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f awmif}uD;XmecG/J qufo, G jf yef=um;a&; rª;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ rwfv (23) &ufae@wGif Nang Tin Tin Kham ESifh vufxyfco hJ nf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k iG f aexkid o f nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

387

34? rlq,fòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdkif;vSaz/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f vSazonf rlq,fòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (14 603) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (91 ² 45) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rlq,fòr d e,f/ awmf&u G af us;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;qdik cf rf;[de;f / trd a':qG@J crf;wd@k rS 1953 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (28) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pdik ;f vSazonf rlq,ftpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ vm;¶d;_ òr d / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3) wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / tajccH ynmtxufwef;udk (c) tqifjh zifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1975 ckEpS w f iG f yefcef;aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif; ausmif;q&m/ 1978 ckEpS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS t f xd rlq,fòr d e,for0g,rOD;pD;Xme 'k-toif;pkr;ª / xd@k aemuf v,f,mvkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh cdik v f rkH &J mcdik Ef e_ ;f trsm;qH;k &&So d jl zpfonf? 35? rlq,fòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdkif;armifav;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f armifav;onf rlq,fòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (4 500) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (52 ² 59) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':rdik ;f crf;wd@k rS 1947 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ausmufròJ r d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f armifav;onf rlq,fòr d tpd;k &txuf wef;ausmif;ESihf vm;¶d;_ òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h yD;/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f rE Wav;0dZ mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H (¶kuQaA') bGJ@&&SdcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd rlq,fòr d e,for0g,rOD;pD;Xme pma&;0efxrf;/ 1976 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,for0g,rtoif; twGi;f a&;rª; (oH;k }urd )f / 'kw, d OuUÏ (1) (ESp}f urd )f / 1984 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fw&m;ol}u;D tzG@J 0if/ xd@k aemuf ukeo f nfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd o f nf?

388

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

36? rdk;rdwfòr e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmtkef;armif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) a'guw f mOD;tke;f armifonf rd;k rdwòf r d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (8 203) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (47 ² 55) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? rbde;f òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;armif}u;D / trd a':cif,w kH @kd rS 1932 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (28) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f mOD;tke;f armifonf 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f &efuek af q;wuUov kd rf S aq;odyb H` @JG (trfbb D t D ufp)f bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS w f iG f t*FvefEikd if o H @kd cJpG w d rf y_ g&*lb@GJ ,&l ef oGm; a&mufc+hJ y;D / 1965 ckEpS w f iG f yg&*lb@GJ ukd yxrtqifjh zifh atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f 'kw, d ykid ;f ajzqk&d ef tD'ifbm&mòr d ok@d toGm; vrf;wGiu f m;arSmufI atmufyikd ;f aocJo h nf? t*FvefwiG f (1) ESpf aq;ukocJ+h y;D 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f jrefrmEdik if o H @kd jyefvnfa&muf&v dS mcJo h nf? 1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1978 ckEpS f txd q&m0ef/ rd;k ukwòf r d jynfo@l aq;±H/k 1978 ckEpS w f iG f roefrpGr;f yifpif,cl o hJ nf? bde;f jzLtE &W m,fwm; qD;umuG,af &;wGif aq;pGo J v l il ,f (120) udk pepfwusuo k ay;cJo h nf? 1979 ckEpS w f iG f u|eaf wmfh om;}u;D / aorif;ESihf ppfcif;ol pmtkyjf zifh trsK;d om;pmayqk &&Scd o hJ nf?

owif;pOf (Edik if jH cm;) vufaxmuft,f'w D m/ t,f'w D m/ 1976 ckEpS w f iG f AD,uferfEiS hf 1987 ckEpS w f iG f w¶kwEf ikd if o H @kd omG ;a&mufco hJ nfh csp=f unfa&;owif;pmud, k pf m;vS,t f zG@J 0if/ vm;[ltrsK;d om;zG@H òzd; wd;k wufa&;ygwD (A[d)k wGif OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1992 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (8) &ufae@wiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftajymif;tvJðyvkyo f nft h cg em,utjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? e0w rS usi;f y onfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd 1993 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D rS 1994 ckEpS /f {+yv D txd yg0ifwufa&mufco hJ nf? tqdyk g trsK;d om;nDvmcHwiG f vGwv f yfpmG aqG;aEG;wifjyt=uHðycGi&hf o dS nf[k e0w. ausnmcsuf tm;,H=k unfI yg0ifwufa&mufcjhJ cif;jzpfaomfvnf; wESpaf usm=f umumvtwGi;f vufawG@tm;jzifh e0wrS trsK;d om;nDvmcHuckd w k ;kH vkyu f m if;wd@k ppftm%m&Sipf epfwnfwchH ikd +f raJ &;twGuðf yvkyaf ejcif; jzpfa=umif;/ trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd qufIrwufoifah =umif; ,H=k unfojzifh 1994 ckEpS /f {+yv D (12) &ufae@wiG f vGwaf jrmufe,fajr rme,fyavmod@k xu G cf mG vmcJo h nf? 1995 ckEpS f ESpq f ef;ydik ;f wGif rme,f yavm &efo@l vufo@kd usojzifh xdik ;f Edik if &H dS =opawvso¶H ;kH rSwqifh =opa=w;vsEikd if o H @kd xu G cf mG cJ+h yD;/ ,cktcg e,l;aqmufa0;jynfe,f.òr d awmf qpf'eDwiG f rdom;pkEiS t hf wl aexdik v f #u&f o dS nf?

37? rbdrf;òr e,frJqENe,f?

OD;cspfcif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspfcifonf rbdrf;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (8 767) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (83 ² 38) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHchJ &onf? rbdr;f òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;boG,. f om; jzpfonf? 1940 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mv (20) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;cspcf ifonf 1954 ckEpS rf S 1966 ckEpS t f xd rbdr;f òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ uomòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJI h 1972-73 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;wuUov kd rf S odyH` (±lyaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd rbdr;f òr d e,for0g,r twGi;f a&;r ;/ 'kw, d OuUÏ/ 1989 ckEpS w f iG f rbdr;f òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 38? rdkif;ysif;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;',feD&,fatmif/ vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGH@òz;wdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;',feD&,fatmifonf rdkif;ysif;òrd e,frJqENe,fwGif vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&; ygwt D m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (6 407) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 63) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? vm;¶d;_ òrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;=um[J/ trd a':em*wd@k rS 1942 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;',fe&D ,fatmifonf erfch sKd atbDtrfausmif; (yef ,ef;)/ yef0ikd af tbDtrfausmif; (usKid ;f wH)k / &efuek /f =unfjh rifwikd f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (4) wd@k wiG f tajccHynmtxufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1966 ckEpS w f iG &f efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1966 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (7) &ufae@txd jrefrmh

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

389

39? rdkif;,ef;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;EGHwpf (yf)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdik ;f EGw H pf (yf) onf rkid ;f ,ef;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (803) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (52 ² 21) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1961 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (23) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;apmatmif.om; jzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f EGw H pf (yf) onf 1968 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS t f xd oli,fwef;rSpI owWrwef;txd rkid ;f ,ef;tpd;k &tv,fwef; ausmif;/ 1978 ckEpS w f iG f owWrwef;atmifjrifI 1981 ckEpS w f iG f usKd if;wHt k pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;ok@d ajymif;a&$+y;D (8) wef;rS (10) wef;txd ynmoif,cl o hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;rSxu G I f rdik ;f ,ef;òr d / aps;wef;&yfae reef;qdik Ef iS hf tdraf xmifus+y;D pufcsKyftwwfynmjzifh toufarG;cJo h nf? 40? rdkif;cwfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;&SJefavG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f &SeJ af vGonf rkid ;f cwfòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (1 283) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 31) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? rdik ;f ,ef;òr d e,f/ rdik ;f avGZmwdjzpfonf? 1942 ckEpS /f rwfv (10) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;&Sed pf ikd cf rf;. om; jzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f &SeJ af vGonf 1962 ckEpS w f iG f wef;jrifah usmif;xGuv f ufrw S &f pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifchJ onf? 1978 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd usKid ;f wHòk r d e,for0g,r twGi;f a&;r ; (1)/ òr@d e,fjynfo@l aumifpD tcsed yf idk ;f / rkid ;f cwfòr d e,f ygw, D el pfaumfrwD0if/ rdik ;f cwfòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef ,lco hJ nf?

390

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

41? rdkif;wHkòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pdik ;f ausmpf ed o f nf rdik ;f wHòk rd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (2 619) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (73 ² 42) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz vH;k ausmif;yE /W trd a':ygvefw@kd .om; jzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f ausmpf ed o f nf touf (5) ESpt f &G,w f iG f rdik ;f wHk rlvwef;ausmif;/ yifvòkH r d tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rdik ;f wHt k v,fwef; ausmif;wd@k wiG f (8) wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? v,form;aumifpw D iG f pma&; 0efxrf;tjzpf (6) ESpw f m0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / tvkyrf ES w k x f u G I f &yfuu G af umifpD OuUÏ/ twGi;f a&;rª; wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwrD S Ekwx f u G cf +hJ y;D / ud, k yf ikd f v,f,mvkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1991ckEpS /f {+yv D (19) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1421) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 8 &uf)

42? rdkif;qwfòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;qef0kef; (c) OD;pdkif;bkef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef0ek ;f (c) OD;pdik ;f bke;f jrifo h nf rkid ;f qwfòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (2845) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 87) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1940 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (9) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? rdik ;f qwfòr d e,f/ 0de;f ae Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;&SeJ pf ikfd ;f .om;jzpfonf? OD;qef0ek ;f (c) OD;pkid ;f bke;f jrifo h nf tXrwef;atmifjrif+y;D aemuf 1964 ckEpS rf S 1969 ckEpS t f xd 0de;f aetpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ rlvwef;jy/ 1972 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd rdik ;f qwfevu tvkyt f r_aqmif/ 1978 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd jynfe,faumifp0D if (tcsed yf idk ;f ) tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 43? rdkif;a,mif;òr e,frJqENe,f? pdkif;xGef;atmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pkid ;f xGe;f atmifonf rkid ;f a,mif;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (2 839) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 36) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;apmvH/k trd a':eef;vHw k @dk rS 1953 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? rkid ;f a,mif; Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmifonf 1971 ckEpS w f iG f qXrwef;atmifonftxd rdik ;f a,mif;wGif ausmif;aecJo h nf? 1973 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd òr d ror0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ xd@k aemuf rdbESit hf wl v,f,mvkyif ef; vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (1421) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif;a=unmcJo h nf?

ta=umif;t&m ?

? OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmiftm; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ rdik ;f a,mif;òr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcH xm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,f/ rdik ;f a,mif; òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajr mufcx H m;&ol OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmifu rdro d nfuse;f rma&;raumif;onft h jyif Edik if aH &;wGiv f nf; pdw0f ifpm;r_r&Sad wmhygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm uf cHxm;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmif.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmiftm; ,ae@rpS I rdik ;f a,mif;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m; &oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G f cGiðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª; 44? rdik ;f jzwfòr e,frq J ENe,f?

OD;pdkif;EGJ@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f EJ@G onf rkid ;f jzwfòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (1 625) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (38 ² 44) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? usKid ;f wHòk r d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;qkid af usmuf/ trd a':eef;oef;wd@k rS 1937 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (13) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pdik ;f EG@J onf usKid ;f wHak emifa&;tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;rS yÌrwef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1952 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS t f xd OD;rd;k pmay/ pme,fZif;ud, k pf m;vS,/f 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':eef;[kwEf iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd q f efpufvyk if ef; vkyu f ikd o f nf? 45? &GmiHòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifodef;/ jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;atmifoed ;f onf &GmiHòrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f jynfaxmifpt k rsK;d om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDygwt D m;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

391

392

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (7 905) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (43 ² 51) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;armifoef;/ trd a':trm&Dw@kd rS 1948 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (30) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? xm;0,fòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifoed ;f onf tajccHynmudk xm;0,fòr d ESihf &efuek òf r d rsm;wGif oif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1964 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D OypmaumvdyYf 'kw, d ESpo f yd w H` ef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f use;f rma&;rª;oifwef;wufa&mufc+hJ y;D &GmiHòr d wGif (11) ESp=f um use;f rma&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? tvkyrf ES w k x f u G +f y;D aemufwiG f &GmiHòr d e,f/ òrid af us;&GmwGif pdu k yf sK;d a&;vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd af exdik cf o hJ nf? jynfaxmifpt k rsK;d om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDygwD (,l-tife-f 'D-yD) rS a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cH&onfh wOD;wnf;aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfonf? 2005 ckEpS f wGif &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f anmifEpS yf ifpcef;Y qufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G; aumufyw JG iG af &G;cs,cf x H m;&aomud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf yg0ifwuf a&mufco hJ nf?

pm; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (8 615) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80 ² 66) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? rdik ;f &,fZmwdjzpfonf? 1938 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;qG. J om;jzpfonf? OD;omxGe;f jronf rdik ;f a*gt h pd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ ausmufrt J pd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ awmif}u;D aumvdy/f &efuek w f uUov kd w f @kd wiG f Oypm (u) wef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh onf? awmif}u;D aumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or*~EiS hf &Sr;f jynfausmif;om;rsm;nD!w G af &;tzG@J w@kd wiG f OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f tajccHEikd if aH &;oifwef;wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1966 ckEpS rf S 1981 ckEpS t f xd vJcsm;/ rdik ;f udik /f rdik ;f &SL; òr d e,frsm;wGif ygw, D el pfaumfrwD0if/ twGi;f a&;rª;/ OuUÏ/ 1981 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;Xmeod@k jyefvnfajymif;a&$ vkyu f ikd cf +hJ y;D / 1986 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf?

46? &yfapmufòr e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmvS&Sdef/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mvS&edS o f nf &yfapmufòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (10 851) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (49 ² 2) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;bk;d atmif.om; jzpfonf? 1935 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (17) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? yef;waemf òr d e,f/ a&vJ&mG Zmwd jzpfonf? a'guw f mvS&edS o f nf 1954 ckEpS w f iG f (10) wef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D &efuek af q; wuUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufco hJ nf? q&m0efb@GJ r&rD ausmif;q&mxGuI f vkycf o hJ nf? 1966 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek f aq;wuUov kd f (1) rS q&m0efb@JG (trfbb D t D ufp)f &&Scd o hJ nf? use;f rma&;XmewGif (18) ESpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifc+hJ yD;/ tvkyrf yS ifpifr,lbJ 1979 ckEpS w f iG f Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? xd@k aemuf &yfapmufòrd wGif vdarRmjf cHvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 47? vGKd ifvifòr e,frq J ENe,f? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf (c) xGef;ausmf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf (c) xGef;ausmfonf vGdKifvifòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (6 946) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (38 ² 46) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1945 ckEpS zf mG ; jzpfonf? OD;ajy.om; jzpfonf? OD;pdik ;f xGe;f ausmf onf (8)wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd 0rfpdef aus;&Gmtpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; (rdik ;f aemif) ESihf yifvt kH pd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; trSwf (3) wd@k wiG f rlvwef;jy ausmif;q&m/ 1972 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd yifv&kH yfuu G f (1) &yfuu G v f ðkH caH &;aumifpD twGi;f a&;rª;/ OuUÏ/ òr d e,faumifp0D ifponfjzifh aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

49? vif;ac;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmifonf vif;ac;òrd e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (8 939) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (84 ² 35) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? vif;ac;òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;vH;k pdik ;f vH/k trd a':ygvw d w f @kd rS 1958 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmifonf vif;ac; tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ awmif}u;D a'oaumvdy/f &efuek w f ad rG;ukoa&;wuUov kd /f ysO;f rem; a&qif;wdarG;uk wuUov kd w f @kd wiG f ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ wdarG;uk'DyvdkrmESifh wdarG;ukq&m0efbGJ@&&SdcJhonf? wd&p>mefaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpf vkyu f ikd o f nf? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òr d e,f OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1619) (1366 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (2004 ckESpf/ ZGefv 5 &uf)

48? vJcsm;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;omxGef;jr/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omxGe;f jronf vJcsm;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f

ta=umif;t&m ? ? OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmiftm; &Sr;f jynfe,f/ vif;ac;òr e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,f/ vif;ac; òr d e,fjynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmifu rdrt d m; trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S zdw=f um; ojzifh 17-5-2004 &ufae@Yusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd wufa&muf&ef &efuek òf r d od@k 9-52004 &ufae@Y oGm;a&mufcahJ =umif;/ od@k &mwGif 14-5-2004 &ufae@wiG f &efuek fòr d Y usi;f yðyvkyf aom &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rS trsKd;om;nDvmcHodk@ rwufa&muf&efq;kH jzwfc+hJ y;D 18-5-2004 &ufae@ Y &efuek rf jS yefvnfxu G cf mG cJah =umif;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

394

393

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

2? trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd A[dak umfrwDtpnf;ta0;rS rwufa&muf&efq;kH jzwfcjhJ cif;rSm trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf. óu;d udik af qmif&u G rf a_ =umifjh zpfa=umif;od&&dS ojzifh rdrt d aejzifh rsm;pGm0rf;enf; pdwf raumif;jzpf&yga=umif;/ trsK;d om;nDvmcHonf Edik if aH wmf.tusK;d / jynfow l &yfv;kH . tusK;d pD;yGm; udak &S;¶_I Edik if aH wmfu tajrmftjrif}u;D pGmjzifah qmif&u G af y;onfh nDvmcHjzpfonf[k tav;teuf ,H=k unfyga=umif;? 3? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$r;f rd;k csKyfuikd rf a_ =umifh nDvmcHo@kd rwufa&mufjcif;rSm vGepf mG rSm;,Gi;f aomvky&f yfjzpfonf[k cHpm;&yga=umif;? 4? xd@k a=umifh rdro d nf &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f qufvufvyk u f ikd &f efqENr&Sad wmhojzifh &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfygw0D iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ vif;ac;òr d e,f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om; rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUÏwm0efrSvnf;aumif;/ A[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpfrSvnf;aumif; Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef 29-5-2004 &ufae@wiG f tzG@J csKyfo@kd pmwifc+hJ y;D jzpfyga=umif;? 5? od@k ygI rdro d nf &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyyf gw0D ifrjzpfawmhonft h wGuf rdrt d m; vif;ac; òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y yg&ef OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmifu ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 6? Txufyg OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmif.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmiftm; ,ae@rpS I vif;ac;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G f cGiðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

50? vm;¶_;d òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pdik ;f jrifah rmif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? OD;pkid ;f jrifah rmifonf vm;±_;d òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (11 491) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (39 ² 81) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1946 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (18) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;0if;vGi. f om;jzpfonf? OD;pkid ;f jrifah rmifonf 1964 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifI 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov kd rf S odyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGJ ajzqdak tmifjrifco hJ nf? a&S aetjzpfvu kd yf gaqmif&u G &f if; 1976 ckEpS w f iG f rSwyf w kH ifOya'bJ@G (tmt,fv)f atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1979 ckEpS w f iG f A[dw k &m;±H;k / vm;±_;d òr d e,f a&S aersm;toif; OuUÏ/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif vm;±_;d òr d e,f A[ko d ydwf OuUÏ/ ta&;awmfy}kH u;D t+y;D wGif (23) &uf=um zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif owif;xkwfjyefcsuftrSwfpOf (1§2004) (1366 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (2004 ckESpf/ ZGefv 5 &uf) &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS vif;ac;òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmif. atmufygwifjycsuu f kd Taumfr&Siu f rSww f rf; wifxm;yga=umif; owif;xkwjf yeftyfygonf? rdrd OD;pdik ;f xGe;f atmif ¡13§vcw(Edik )f 004258¢ onf &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf. A[dak umfrwD0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ vif;ac;òrd e,ftvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 'kw, d OuUÏ tjzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ ygw0D iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; Ekwx f u G cf iG ahf y;yg&ef &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfo@kd wifjycsuf

51? vm;¶_d;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;aX;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;aX;onf vm;±d;_ òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (8 649)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (39 ² 8) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1948 ckEpS zf mG ;jzpfonf? OD;b&Si. f om; jzpfonf? OD;oef;aX;onf txufwef;a&S ae pmar;yJaG tmifjrifcI hJ Oya'bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1965 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd vm;±_;d òr d / tpk;d &vcpm;rsm; aiGpak iGacs;wGif pma&;/ pm&if;udik /f txufwef;pma&;/ refae*sm/ 1983 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S ae/ xkrd S A[dw k &m;±H;k a&S aetjzpf vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (11) &ufae@wiG f om;jzpfol udw k ;l . pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;ESiq hf ufpyf+y;D tr_qifzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (25) &ufae@wiG f OD;oef;aX;tm; pGq J x kd m;onft h r_ (4) r_twëuf pkpak ygi;f tvky=f urf;ESiahf xmif'%f (5) ESpt f jyif '%faiG (2) aomif; ay;aqmif&ef òr@d e,fw&m;±H;k rSp&D ifcsucf srw S cf o hJ nf? tu,fI '%faiGraqmifEikd yf gu aemufxyf axmif (2) ESpu f sc&H ef pD&ifcsucf srw S cf jhJ cif;jzpfonf? yxrtr_rmS óu;d rJah =u;eef;Oya' yk'rf 6 (1) t& tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (1) ESp/f oGi;f uke§f xkwu f ek f ,m,D}u;D =uyfa&;Oya' yk'rf 5 (1) t& tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (1) ESpcf EJG iS hf '%faiGusyw f aomif;/ '%faiGraqmifygu aemufxyfaxmif'%f (1) ESp/f óud;rJah =u;eef;Oya' yk'rf 6 (1) t& tvkyEf iS hf axmif'%f (1) ESp/f 1947 ckEpS /f oGi;f ukex f w k u f ek }f u;D =uyfa&; (,m,D) tufOya' yk'rf 5 (1) t& tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (1) ESpcf EJG iS hf '%fai u G syw f aomif;/ raqmifygu aemufxyfaxmif'%f (1) ESpf trde@f csrw S cf jhJ cif;jzpfonf? 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (25) &ufae@wiG f vm;¶d;_ axmifrS rE aW v;axmifo@kd ajymif;a&$ jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / 2005 ckEpS /f rwfv (7) &ufae@wiG f uav;axmifo@kd xyfraH jymif;a&$ jcif;cHc&hJ onf? zrf;qD;rcH&rD arvtwGi;f u vm;¶d;_ &Sd jrefrmEdik if &H w J yfz@JG &Jr;ª }u;D rSac:,lawG@qI kH OD;oef;aX;tm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrES w k x f u G &f ef aqG;aEG;r_ðyvkycf o hJ nf? ,cif (6) ESpcf ef@uwnf;u OD;oef;aX;. ZeD;onftrnfjzifh zGiv hf pS x f m;onf h cspjf cif;uzD; vufzuf&nfqikd t f m; pnfyifom,mESihf use;f rma&;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

396

OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif.wifjycsufudkrSwfwrf;wif

395

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

OD;pD;Xmewd@k rS ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jyI ydwyf ifjcif;cHc&hJ onfjh yif vGecf o hJ nfh (4) ESpcf ef@uvnf; om;trnf jzifh 0,f,x l m;cJo h nfh xGe;f b&m;om; tDvufxa&mepfqikd cf ef;tm; odr;f qnf;jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

54? oDaygòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdkif;atmifoef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdik ;f atmifoef;onf oDaygòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (3 826) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (45 ² 48) jzihf a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ausmufròJ rd e,f/ rkid ;f vHZk mwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEpS zf mG ;jzpfonf? OD;vS'if. om; jzpfonf? OD;pkid ;f atmifoef;onf 1977 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov kd rf S tif*sief , D m (òr d jy) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f a':eef;cifjrifh (txufwef;jy) ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? 1979-80 ckEpS w f iG f oDaygòr d wGif aqmufvyk af &;tvkyo f iftif*sief , D m 1981 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd oDaygòr d e,faumifpD 0if/ 1996 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (1) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf?

52? odEDMòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;xGef;vl/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf? OD;pdkif;xGef;vlonf odEDMòrd e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (5 832) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 43) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? odEòDM r d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif}u;D / trd a':a&$cifw@kd rS 1946 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;pdkif;xGef;vlonf odEMDòrd uGefAifhESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (9) wef;txd ynmoif=um; cJo h nf? 1967 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf ikd u f m;vkyif ef;/ 1975 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,f or0g,rESihf &Sr;f jynfajrmufyikd ;f or0g,rtoif;pk tvkyt f r_aqmif/ xd@k aemuf ud, k yf ikd w f iG cf EkH iS hf oH*a[qufvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf?

55? [dkyHk;òr e,frJqENe,f? OD;pHvS/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHvo S nf [dyk ;kH òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f jynfaxmifpyk td@k 0t f rsK;d om;tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (7 163) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 66) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? [dyk ;kH òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? 1940 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;ukrmR .om; jzpf onf? OD;pHvo S nf owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1973 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1974 ckEpS rf sm;wGif [dyk ;kH òr d / òr d OD;uGuo f pf&yfuu G v f ðkH caH &;ESihf tkycf sKyfra_ umfrwD twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1974 ckEpS rf S 1982 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifpD tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if/ OuUÏ/ jynfaxmifpyk td@k 0t f rsK;d om;tzG@J csKyf (A[d)k wGif tvkyt f r_aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

53? oDaygòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? cGefxGef;OD; (c) (NOEL)/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? cGex f eG ;f OD;onf oDaygòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (5 268) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (49 ² 01) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;p0f=umZH/k trd p0fa&$,w kH @kd .om; jzpfonf? zcif p0f=umZko H nf oDaygapmf bGm; p0f=umqkid . f tukjd zpfonf? 1943 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? cGex f eG ;f OD;onf 1964 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D òr d / uarBmZaumvdyrf S wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / 1965 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd o f @kd wufa&mufI Oya'bmom&yfukd 'kw, d ESpt f xd oif=um;cJo h nf? 1967 ckEpS rf S 1977 ckEpS f txd tif'ekd ;D &Sm;oH¶;kH ppforH ;ª . ud, k af &;t&m&S/d 1984 ckEpS w f iG f Edik if w H umowif;pmjzef@csd a&;ukr% ` /D *syef Overseas Courier Service (OCS) . owif;pmjzef@csad &;ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf aqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f pwifz@JG pnf;wnfaxmifco hJ nfh &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf pwifaqmif&u G cf +hJ y;D 1989 ckEpS w f iG f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d)k OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G o f nf? 2002 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwD wd;k cs J zG@J pnf;onft h cg &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf yg0ifco hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (9) &ufae@wiG f &Sr;f jynf+ird ;f csr;f a&;aumifpOD uUÏ Adv k cf sKyfaqxif (&Sr;f jynfwyfrawmf§ajrmufyikd ;f acgi;f aqmif)/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; OD;pdik ;f !Ge@f viG pf onfh tjcm;&Sr;f acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESit hf wl tm%mydik rf sm;. rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2005 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdeaf xmiftxl;w&m;¶H;k rS jypf'%f (93) ESpf csrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? tif;pdeaf xmifrw S qifh ylwmtdt k usO;f axmifo@kd ajymif;a&$ jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ZeD;rSm a':a0a0vGijf zpf+y;D / om; cGeOf ;D vGiEf iS hf orD; eef;t,fvu f w D @kd xGe;f um;cJo h nf?

56? [dkyefòr e,frJqENe,f? OD;cGefxGef;vl/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;cGex f eG ;f vlonf [dyk efòr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwt D m; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;cGex f eG ;f vltay: ¶_;H edro hf l 0 trsK;d om;zG@H òz;d wd;k wufa&;ygwrD S OD;apmzD;vpf (c) OD;zD;vpfqrfrS uef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f cJo h jzifh a&G;aumufycJG kH tzG@J trSwf (4) wGif =um;emppfaq;r_ccH &hJ onf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

398

397

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(14) {&m0wDwdkif;?

ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1955 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS t f xd pmayAdrmef pma&;0efxrf;/ 1958 ckEpS rf pS I usKu d f vwfòr d wGif ukeo f nfvyk if ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd xef;yifuek ;f wGif tm&Svil ,f tzJ@G 0iftjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? usKu d v f wfòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;rª; wm0ef,lcJhonf?

jrefrmEdik if t H v,fyikd ;f ajrjyef@. awmifbufq;kH wGif wnf&o dS nf? taemufbufEiS hf taemuf ajrmufbufw@kd wiG f b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfEiS hf &cdik jf ynfe,f/ ajrmufbufEiS t hf a&S bufw@kd wiG f yJc;l wdik ;f / ta&S bufwiG f &efuek w f ikd ;f ESihf awmifbufwiG f uy`vyD ifv,fjyifw@kd wnf&o dS nf? ajrmufvwWw D 'G f (15) 'D*&D (40) rdepfEiS hf (18) 'D*&D (30) rdepfcef@twGi;f ESihf ta&S avmif*sw D 'G f (94) 'D*&D (15) rdepfEiS hf (96) 'D*&D (15) rdepftwGif wnf&o dS nf? {&d,mpwk&ef;rdik af ygi;f (13 567) us,0f ef;onf? wdik ;f òr d awmfrmS ykord òf rd jzpfonf? {&m0wDwikd ;f wGif òr d e,f (26) òr d e,f&dS rJqENe,f (51) e,fY Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm; ud, k pf m;ðy ,SOòf ydio f v l w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (199) OD;/ woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f avmif; (5) OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (204) OD;0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ u&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS (48) ae&m/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwrD S (2) ae&mESiw hf oD;yk*v ~ (1) ae&m toD;oD; a&G;cs,f wifajrm uf jcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? 1? usKdufvwfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;oef;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;wifonf usKu d v f wfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 451) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (53 ² 29) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;xGm;/ trd a':rr}u;D wk@d rS 1929 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? t*Fylòrd e,f/ xef;yifukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;wifonf xef;yifukef; tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ [oFmwòrd trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukeftvGwfynmoifausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;txd

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

399

2? usKu d v f wfòr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wif0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wif0if;onf usKd ufvwfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 351) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (48 ² 3) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;omarmif/ trd a': jrode;f wd@k rS 1955 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? usKu d v f wfòr d e,f/ uefausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;wif0if;onf ykÀrDtpd;k &rlv wef;ausmif; (awmifOuUvmy)/ usKu d v f wfòrd tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf (2)/ usKu d v f wfòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif òrd e,ftvkyo f rm;or*~ tvkyt f r_aqmiftjzpf yg0ifco hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG u f si;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_ aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14) &ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh OD;wif0if;tm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmh onfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f arv (17) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnf usi;f ycJo h nfh etz. trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf a&G;aumufyw JG iG af &G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J wiG f wufa&mufc+hJ y;D / 2005 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / arSmb f òD r d e,f/anmifEpS yf if pcef;Yqufvufusi;f yonfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf x H m;&aom ud, k pf m; vS,rf sm;tpktzG@J rS woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf yg0ifwufa&mufco hJ nf? 3? ausmif;ukef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;apmvGif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmvGio f nf ausmif;uke;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (16 563) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (61 ² 51) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ausmif;uke;f òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ndK}u;D / trd a':nde;f wd@k rS 1955 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;apmvGio f nf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef; ynmrsm;udk [oFmwòr d wGio f if,cl +hJ y;D 1983 ckEpS w f iG f ordik ;f t"dujzifh 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ynma&; XmewGif 1979 ckEpS rf pS I tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd f pm;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

400

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

4? ausmif;ukef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmvS0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mvS0if;onf ausmif;uke;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (18 376)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 92) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;omcif.om; jzpfonf? 1955 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? a'guw f mvS0if;onf 1967-68 ckEpS w f iG f tv,fwef;ynmudk tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 'g;uaus;&Gm/ ykord t f a&S ajrmufòr d e,fwiG f oif=um;cJI h 1971-72 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;ynmudk ocsmF / "mwk/ ±ly *k%x f ;l wk@d jzihf ykord fòr d / tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS rf S 1979 ckEpS t f xd oGm;bufqidk &f maq;wuUov kd w f iG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1979 ckEpS w f iG f oGm;bufqidk &f m q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd oGm;bufqidk &f mq&m0eftjzpf ausmif;uke;f òr d e,f/ òr d e,f jynfo@l aq;±Hw k iG t f r_xrf;cJo h nf? 1989 ckEpS f Zefe0g&v D wGif wm0efrt S em;,lco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (16) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 006§pnf;jzifh tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,fco hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumf rwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD; tygt0ifjzpfonf?

ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (30 816) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 59) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;bausm. f om; jzpfonf? 1917 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (3) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;wifonf ausmif;om;oydww f iG v f nf;aumif;/ ausmif;&Jwyfz@JG wiG v f nf;aumif; acgi;f aqmiftjzpf yg0ifco hJ nf? 1937 ckEpS w f iG f (10) wef;ausmif;om;b0jzihf trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;rSxu G I f rE aW v; t*Fvyd pf pfwyfwiG f 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? use;f rma&;raumif;I t=uyfb0jzihf xGucf &hJ onf? vGwv f yfa&;óu;d yrf;r_wiG f acwf (3) acwfpvH;k tm&Svil ,fpnf;±H;k a&;acgi;f aqmif/ jynfo@l &aJ bmfwyfz@GJ 'kw, d ppfacgi;f aqmif/ z-q-y-v tzJ@G òr d e,f 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf &hJ m vGwv f yfa&; armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &&Scd o hJ nf? 1951 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS f txd jynfo@l vw $ af wmfwiG v f nf;aumif;/ 1957 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd vlrsK;d pkvw $ af wmfwiG v f nf;aumif;/ yg0ifaqmif&u G cf +hJ y;D tjrJwrf; b¾ma&; aumfrwD0if/ Oya'ðyaumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd usKaH ysmòf r d jrLeDpyD ,fOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k f pm;ðy aumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD; wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

5? usKHaysmfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ref;a*smfeD/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ref;a*smef o D nf usKH aysmfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (31 731) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 93) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ausmOf ;D / trd a':ajcmufw@dk rS 1942 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (31) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ykord t f a&S ydik ;f / qifacgi;f }u;D &GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ref;a*smef o D nf ykord òf r d / pde@f *sKd ;Zuf uGe@f Aifah usmif;/ umwkv d yd f a,musmF ;uav;rsm;A[dak usmif;/ r&rf;acsmif;&Gm/ ykord òf r d wd@k wiG f tajccH ynmoif=um;cJ&h mrS wuUov kd 0f ifwef;udk 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG v f nf;aumif;/ wuUov kd yf nmudk ykord Of ypm aumvdyw f iG v f nf;aumif;oif=um;cJo h nf? 1965 ckEpS w f iG f rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1967 ckEpS w f iG f tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f ynma&;wuUov kd /f &efuek rf S ynma&;'Dyvkrd m&&Scd I hJ txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf &mxl;wk;d jri chf &H onf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f vufaxmufòr d e,fynma&;r ;tjzpf &mxl;wk;d jri chf cH &hJ +y;D / 1986 ckEpS w f iG f emruse;f yifpif jzifh t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qkH a&;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

7? =uHcif;òr e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwm&Jjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f m&Jjrifo h nf =ucH if;òr d e,frq J ENe,fwiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (27 147) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (74 ² 13) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1954 ckEpS /f {+yv D (7) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? &efuek Zf mwd jzpfonf? OD;tke;f cif.om; jzpfonf? a'guw f m&Jjrifo h nf [oFmwòrd uGeAf ifah usmif;/ awmif}uD;òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2)/ r*Fvmawmif!eG @f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (5) wk@d wiG f q,fwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif =um;cJ+h y;D / 1979 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (1) &efuek rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1982 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd csi;f jynfe,f/ wD;wdejf ynfo@l aq;±Hv k ufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1985 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd yJc;l wkid ;f / yef; awmif;òr d e,f/ xH;k bkw d u kd ef ,faq;±Hk wku d ef ,fq&m0ef/ 1989 ckEpS /f {+yv D (10) &ufae@wiG f use;f rma&; 0ef}u;D Xme use;f rma&;OD;pD;Xme. trde@f a=umfjimpmt& tvkyrf x S w k yf ,fjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (1417) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif;a=unmcJo h nf? v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrES w k x f u G cf +hJ y;D etzowif;pmrsm;wGif a'guw f m&Jjrifh (=ucH if;òr e,f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ a&G;cs,cf u H , kd pf m;vS,f Ekwx f u G )f [lonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh tzG@J csKyftm; wdu k f cdu k o f nfah qmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJo h nf?

6? usKHaysmfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifonf usKaH ysmòf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

401

402

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1417) (1360 jynfhESpf/ ewfawmfvqef; 15 &uf) (1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 3 &uf)

r&Sirf S a=unmcsut f rSwf (958) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? aemif (10) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (16) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 006§pnf;jzifh tzG@J csKyt f zG@J 0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,fco hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qkH a&;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

? a'guw f m&Jjrift h m; {&m0wDwikd ;f =ucH if;òr e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS {&m0wDwikd ;f =ucH if;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr muf cHxm;&ol a'guw f m&Jjrifu h rdro d nf use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf T aumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg a'guw f m&Jjrif. h wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD a'guw f m&Jjrift h m; ,ae@rpS I =ucH if;òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvdu k f a=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

9? iykawmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmppfwif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mppfwifonf iykawmòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (32 293) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 47) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1960 jynfEh pS /f ZGev f (5) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? usKu H ;l aus;&Gm Zmwdjzpf onf? OD;jrifah qG.om; jzpfonf? a'guw f mppfwifonf 1984 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (2) rS q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1985 ckEpS w f iG f ykord jf ynfo@l aq;±H}k u;D wGif tvkyo f ifq&m0ef/ 1986 ckEpS rf pS I ud, k yf ikd f aq;ukcef;zGichf o hJ nf? iykawmòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (9) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf?

ta=umif;t&m?

8? iykawmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;a';ApfvSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a';ApfvjS rifo h nf iykawmòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (27 111) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 7) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;vSjrif/h trd a':[efaX;wd@k rS 1959 ckEpS /f arv (13) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? ykord òf rd Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;a';ApfvjS rifo h nf yko k rd t f pd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (6) rS q,fwef;f atmifjrifI ykord 'f *D &D aumvdyrf S ocsmF t"dujzihf odyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1985 ckEpS rf S 1987 ckEpS t f xd iykawmòr d e,ftwGi;f &Sd wGzJ uftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif wGzJ ufq&mtjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf {&m0wDwidk ;f pnf; (ykord òf r d e,fp)k wm0efct H jzpf aqmif &Gucf o hJ nf? ,if;tm; oufqidk &f mw&m;±H;k u Ekid if aH wmftvH Oya' yk'rf (6) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifcI hJ a&G;aumufyGJ yk'rf (11)/ yk'rf cJG (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzihf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuv f u kd f a=umif; 1991 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (16) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

403

10? ZvGeòf r e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmjf rifo h nf ZvGeòf r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 519) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 52) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz ociftek ;f qkid /f trd a':cifa&$w@dk rS 1943 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (30) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm; cJo h nf? ZvGeòf r d e,f/ a&abmfaomifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausmjf rifo h nf tajccHynmtxufwef; udk 1961 ckEpS w f iG f tazsmuftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifc+hJ y;D / ysO;f rem;pdu k yf sK;d a&;odyrH` S pdu k yf sK;d a&;'Dyvkrd mudk 1969 ckEpS w f iG f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':ESi;f EG,Ef iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? rdom;pkEiS hf twl jcv H yk if ef;jziht f oufarG;onf? 11? ZvGefòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? Adkvfrª;}uD;=unf0if; (t+idrf;pm;)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) Adv k rf ;ª }u;D =unf0if; (t+ird ;f pm;) onf ZvGeòf r d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)wGif trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (27 558) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrif;jcHòrd Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif/ trd a':ykw@kd rS 1919 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? i,femrnf armif}u;D aiGjzpfonf? Adv k rf ;ª }u;D =unf0if; (t+ird ;f pm;) onf jrif;jcòH r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1300 jynft h a&;awmfyw kH iG f

404

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jrif;jccH ±dik v f ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~z@GJ pnf;aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1940 jynfEh pS f t*Fvyd ef ,fcs J qef@ usiaf &;wGif anmifO;D ajratmuf awmfveS af &;acgi;f aqmif/ Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtidk af t) Adv k cf sKyfuav;aZ,s (&Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if) . ¶H;k tzG@J 0if/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) *syefppf wuUov kd t f rSwpf Of (1) qif;/ wyf&if; (6) 'kw, d Akv d /f 1943 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaoemywdcsKyf Akv d rf ;ª }u;D ae0if;. ud, k &f aH wmfAv kd /f 1944 ckEpS w f iG f ajrmufyikd ;f wkid ;f ppfXmecsKyf wdik ;f rª;/ Adv k rf ;ª }u;D Axl;ESihf yl;wGJ wm0ef/ 1945 ckEpS /f *syefzufqpfawmfveS af &;wGif jrpf0u|e;f ay: wkid ;f (2)/ Akv d cf sKyfae0if;vufatmuf&dS wyf&if; (83) wyf&if;rª;/ 1945-46 ckESpfwGif uef'DpmcsKyft& Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if; (5) wGif/ ud, k yf idk t f rSwf (=unf;-3572) 'kw, d Akv d /f 1947-48 ckEpS w f iG f uavmòr d (bDatpDtufp)f wyfwiG f vnf;aumif;/ 1949 ckEpS w f iG f t*FvefEidk if H ppfausmif;wufc&hJ mrS ppf±;kH csKyfujyefac:I wydik ;f wpESihf jyefc&hJ onf? ppf±;kH csKyfwiG f ppfO;D pD; ('kw, d wef;) tjzpfjzifv h nf;aumif;/ &efuek òf rd@ Inner Defence wm0efudk Akv d cf sKyfae0if;u ay;tyfco hJ nf? 1950 jynfEh pS w f iG f oeu (4) wyf&if;rª;/ 1952 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr[m (8) ykord /f wyfr[mrª;/ 1953 ckEpS w f iG f Australia Staff College wufco hJ nf? 1954 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd wyfr[m (10) (acsmuf) wyfr[mrª;/ 1959-60 ckEpS /f Akv d cf sKyf}u;D ae0if;. tdraf pmifh tpd;k &vufxufwiG f ajraus;&Si;f ESiv hf ,f,mopfawm 'kw, d OuUÏ ('kw, d 0ef}u;D tqif)h / 1961 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr[m (7) jrpf}u;D em;/ wyfr[mrª;/ bbppfqifa&;wm0efc/H wyfr[m (7) wGif wyfr[mrª; wm0efxrf; aqmifaepOf 1960 jynfEh pS /f ygvrD efa&G;aumufyw JG iG f bufvu dk cf ahJ =umif;pdppfawG@&&dS I &mxl;cef@xm; a&;tzJ@G tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmfwiG pf pfrx _ rf;jcif;rSt+ird ;f pm;,lciG ðhf ycJo h nf? 1961 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr awmfrS &yfpt J rde@f xw k jf yefc+hJ y;D 1961 ckEpS rf pS I ppfO;D pD;wuUov dk o f @dk ajymif;a&$ tiftm;jyxm;cH&onf? 1961 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D / (11) &ufae@wiG f ,if;.jyefwrf;0if tvky0f wW&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfEHS cGiðhf yapcJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wyfr;ª a[mif; (15) OD;taejzifh yg0ifco hJ nf? rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J EiS hf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f A[dOk ;D pD;wm0ef ,lco hJ nf? 1995 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (11) &ufae@wiG f uG,v f eG o f nf? uG,v f eG cf sed w f iG f ZeD;a':pef;&DEiS hf om;orD;rsm;jzpf=uonfh a':auoD=unf0if;/ a':a0&nf=unf0if;/ OD;owd;k =unf0if;/ a':OrRm=unf0if;/ OD;aX;atmif=unf0if;/ a'guw f mcifrm=unf0if;/ a': jrwfrm=unf0if;wd@k use&f pfco hJ nf?

txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky}f uD;/ 1983 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd u0/ ausmuf}uD;/ anmifwek ;f òr d e,fynma&;r ;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif 'Dru kd a&pDEiS +hf ird ;f csr;f a&;tzJ@G em,u/ bJ@G &vli,frsm; em,u/ Xmeaygi;f pHk 0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuUÏ/ anmifwek ;f òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 13? anmifwkef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ompdk;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ompd;k onf anmifwek ;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 675) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 3) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;a&$O;D / trd a':apmwifw@dk rS 1943 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (22) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? anmifwek ;f òr d e,f/ yJ±q kH yd &f mG Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;ompd;k onf yJ±q kH yd f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ anmifwek ;f òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efuek w f uUov kd Ef iS hf vkyo f m;rsm;aumvdyw f @dk wiG f ynmoif =um;cJ&h m 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1961 ckEpS t f xd anmifwek ;f txufwef;ausmif;om; rsm;or*~ OuUÏ/ 1964 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd f anmifwek ;f ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;toif; twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1968 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd tv,fwef;jyq&m tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) anmif wke;f / 1974 ckEpS rf S 1987 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf idk ef nf;jyq&m/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif 'Dru kd a&pDwu kd yf aJG umfrwD OuUÏ/ bJ@G &ESiahf usmif;om;a[mif;rsm;toif;OuUÏ/ anmifwek ;f òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

12? anmifwkef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmifóudif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifóuid o f nf anmifwek ;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 078) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (51 ² 80) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? "EkjzLòr d e,f/ ES}J u;D &GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;barmif/ trd a':pdeyf w k @kd rS 1936 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;atmifóudio f nf ES}J uD;&Gmtpd;k & rlvwef; ausmif;/ r*Fvmawmif!eG @f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd /f &efuek yf nma&; wuUov kd w f @dk wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ&h m bDattD;'D/ bDt;D 'Db@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1957 ckEpS rf S 1963 ckEpS t f xd "EkjzLòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; txufwef;jy/ 1963 ckEpS rf S 1975 ckEpS t f xd anmifwek ;f / ZvGef tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1976 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd xm;0,f/ tkid o f ðy tpd;k &

14? a';'&Jòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmrsKd;!Gef@/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mrsK;d !Ge@f onf a';'&Jòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 957) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 22) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1953 ckEpS f Zlvidk v f (14) &ufae@zmG ;/ tz OD;bcsp/f trd a':usijf rwk@d rS 1953 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (14) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a';'&Jòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;rsK;d !Ge@f onf OD;tke;f !Ge@f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif; (a';'&J)/ a';'&Jòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ aq;wuUov dk f (2)/ &efuek w f @dk wiG f q&m0efb@GJ &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1979 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd a';'&Jòr d e,f or0g,r aq;cef;/ 1979 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd rsK;d ud, k yf idk af q;ukcef;/ a';'&Jòr d / 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D umvwGif jrefrmEdik if q H &m0efrsm;toif;. xkwjf yef a=unmcsuu f kd òr@d e,ftwGi;f &Sq d &m0efrsm;tm;vH;k yl;wGaJ xmufc&H mwGif yg0ifco hJ nf? rvkv d m;tyfaom t=urf;zufrr_ sm;rjzpfymG ;apa&;twGuf vlxt k pnf;ta0;rsm;wGif a[majymcJo h nf? a';'&Jòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwDtzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd af q;cef;zGiI hf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

406

405

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a';'&Jòr d wGif aexkid o f nf? 1996 ckEpS w f iG f w&m;0ifrw S yf w kH ifjzifh 'DCm,kaq;0g;xkwv f yk af &;vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd o f nfukd 1992 ckEpS /f trsK;d om;aq;0g;Oya'yk'rf 19 (u) t& w&m;pGq J +kd y;D tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S cf o hJ nf? a'guw f mrsK;d !$e@f rmS trde@f a=ujimpm trSwf (2§93) tyd'k cf JG (1) t& ,m,Drw S yf w kH ifvufrw S f av#mufxm;+yD;jcif;/ tyd'k cf JG (4) wGif tyd'k cf JG (1) ygvyk if ef;&yfukd vuf&v Sd yk u f ikd f aeolrsm;onf ,m,Drw S yf w kH ifav#mufxm;aepOftwGi;f / rdrv d yk if ef;udk qufvufvyk u f ikd cf iG &hf o Sd nf [k jyXmef;xm;jcif;wd@k &ySd gvsuf 1992 ckEpS /f trsK;d om;aq;0g;tufOya' yk'rf 19 (u) t& tvkyEf iS hf axmif'%f (7) ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S cf jhJ cif; jzpfonf//

bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&S aepmar;yGu J v kd nf;aumif;/ 1985 ckEpS w f iG f rSwyf w kH ifa&S ae oifwef;udv k nf;aumif; ajzqdak tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? "EkjzLòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f jyef=um;a&;r ;tjzpf aqmif&u G f cJo h nf?

15? a';'&Jòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf a';'&Jòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 612) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (57 ² 04) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? a';'&Jòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;oufEiS ;f / trd a':wifvw S @dk rS 1949 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;oef;xGe;f onf a';'&Jòr d OD;tke;f !Ge@f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ a';'&Jòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyw H` uUov kd w f @kd wiG f odyH` (±lyaA') bG@J &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1975 ckEpS f rS 1984 ckEpS t f xd &wemvkyif ef; &efuek òf r d / 1984 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf idk af q;cef; &efuek òf r d / 1987 ckEpS w f iG f blrv d ufaxmuftjzpf taemuf*smreD 'dik ;f em;wpf ukr% ` w D iG f oGm;a&mufvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? b,f*s, D /H jyifopf/ t*Fvef/ ta&S *smr%/D tdE, dN / xkid ;f puFmyl Edik if rH sm;wGif oGm;a&mufavhvmcJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ryg0ifaomfvnf; 1969 ckEpS /f u|e;f qG,af usmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;r_a=umifh (1) ESpEf iS hf (8) v zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? a';'&Jòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;/ tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif/ wkid ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0efw@dk ,cl o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðy vkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSw/f 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh OD;oef;xGe;f tm; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJh onf? 16? "EkjzLòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;0if;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;jrifo h nf "EkjzLòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 388) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 57) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? "EkjzLòr d e,f/ anmifausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f usi/f trd a':oef; wk@d rS 1951 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (8) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;0if;jrifo h nf anmifausmif;aus;&Gm tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzLòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ ykord òrd wGif tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (6) wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1974 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov dk rf S odyH` (blrad A')

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

407

17? "EkjzLòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;aomif;&D/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;&Donf "EkjzLòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH (J 20 210) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (52 ² 8) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif; cHc&hJ onf? "EkjzLòr d (10) &yfuu G Zf mwd jzpfonf? tz OD;aiGqif/ trd a':apmvSw@kd rS 1945 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;aomif;&Donf "EkjzLòr d wGif (10) wef;atmifjrifc+hJ y;D aemuf &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S 0dZm (Oya')/ Oya'0dZm bJ@G wk@d u&kd &Scd o hJ nf? 1963 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd yyupma&; ("EkjzLòr d )/ 1985 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD ygwpD w d rf ; (10) &yfuu G f "EkjzLòr d ? "EkjzLòr d wif;epftoif;ESifh aoewfypftoif; a*gyutzJ@G w@dk wiG f OuUÏ/ twGi;f a&;r ;/ w&m;¶H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? "EkjzLòr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 'kw, d OuUÏ tjzpf 1989 ckEpS rf S 1997 ckEpS t f xd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1997 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (21) &ufae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrv S nf;aumif; Ekwx f u G cf +hJ yD; ppftyk pf t k vdu k saqmif;yg;rsm;udk ppftpd;k &ydik o f wif;pmrsm;wGif OD;aomif;&D (w&m;¶H;k csKyf a&S ae)/ NLD "EkjzLa&G;cs,cf u H , kd pf m;vS,f (Ekwx f u G )f uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJo h nf? 18? ykodrftaemufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifacsm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifacsmonf ykord t f aemufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 829) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 93) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;ESp/f trd a': jrpfw@kd rS 1935 ckEpS /f arv (10) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? a&=unfòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;wifacsmonf a&=unftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef; atmifjrifcI hJ 1964 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;wuUov dk rf S 0dZm (ynma&;) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS w f iG f omaygi;f òr d e,f/ pufa'gi}hf u;D aus;&Gm tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; ausmif;tky}f u;D / 1982 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd weoFm&DEiS fh ykord t f aemufòr d e,fw@dk wiG f òr d e,fynma&;r ;/ 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (18) &ufae@wiG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumf rwD OuUÏxHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD; tygt0ifjzpfonf?

408

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

19? ykodrftaemufòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ausmfrif; (Adokum)/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;ausmrf if;onf ykord t f aemufòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (32 304) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 75) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz 0Àausmx f ifO;D bausmf (1920 ausmif;om;oydwaf cgi;f aqmif/ tpd;k &yHEk ydS w f u kd ! f e¸ =f um;a&;0ef)/ trd a':at;=unfw@kd rS 1933 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (9) &ufae@ wGif arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;ausmrf if;onf i,fpOfu usKaH ysmòf r d ESihf &efuek òf r d wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;+y;D / 1949 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1954 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov dk Yf wwd,ESpt f if*sief , D m oifwef;wufa&mufaepOf tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k rufqmcsL;qufjynfe,f pufrw _ uUov kd o f @kd ynm awmfoifomG ;a&mufc+hJ y;D 1957 ckEpS w f iG f Adou k mbJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG yf nmoif=um;aepOf bmom&yftoD;oD;ESihf o[m,pmzwftoif;wd@k wiG f tr_aqmiftjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? tif*sief , D m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~wiG f wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif&u G &f if; 1953 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ wGiyf g0ifco hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS f rS 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd &efuek w f uUov kd t f if*sif eD,mr[mXme/ ydou k mXme wGif vufaxmufuxdu/ Xmerª;tjzpfxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D tvkyrf ES w k x f u G cf o hJ nf? 1961 ckEpS rf pS I uk, d yf idk f Adou k mvkyif ef;vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? jrefrmjynft h ESt H jym;&St d aqmuftODrsm; aqmufvyk +f yD;pD;cJ+h yD; òrd &Gm pnfyifa&;/ Adou k mynmjyef@ymG ;a&;wd@k ukd tpOfwpdu k af qmif&u G cf o hJ nf? q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrid_ ;f *lArd mefukd ud, k w f ikd yf pkH aH &;qG+J y;D }u;D =uyfaqmufvyk cf o hJ nf? *lArd mefapmifah &Smufa&;tzG@J wiG f t=uaH y; tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;.ZeD; a':cif=unf. psmyeA[dak umfrwD0iftjzpfvnf; aumif;/ *loiG ;f oò* [ õ af &;qyfaumfrwDwiG v f nf;aumif;/ *lArd mefwnfaqmuf&mwGif ud, k w f ikd yf pkH aH &;qGJ }u;D =uyfaqmufvyk cf o hJ nf? *lArd mef}u;D =uyfapmifah &Smufa&;tzG@J wiG v f nf; t=uaH y;tjzpfaqmif&u G cf hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzJ@G 0if/ A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmiftzJ@G 0if/ jyef=um;a&;ESifh &Sr;f jynf e,f pnf;±H;k qufo, G af &;tzJ@G 0if wm0efw@kd ux kd rf;aqmifco hJ nf? OD;ausmrf if;onf *ENq D ;kH jzwfcsut f wdik ;f e0wu v$waf wmfac:ray;v#if aqmif&u G zf @dk vo kd nfeh nf;vrf;oH;k oG,pf mwrf;ðypk&mwGif twGi;f usus yg0ifco hJ jzifh 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya'yk'rf 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11 (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; aumfr&Siu f 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (984) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? aemif (10) ESpftwGif; ðyvkyfrnfha&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOfòydifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w ppftyk pf . k zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh 1992 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (24) &ufae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS xkwyf ,fay;cJ&h onf? 1992 ckEpS /f arv (20) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdet f usO;f axmifrS jyefvw G o f nf? 1999 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (1) &ufae@wiG f &efuek f jynfo@l aq;¶H}k u;D Y tonf;a&m*gjzifu h , G v f eG o f nf?

wdk@. om;oruf/ &efukefòrd trSwf (60)/ a&ausmfvrf;/ ykZGefawmifòrd e,fae a':0if;jrifhjrifh (0if;0if; 217/ bD¶/kH odr}f uD;aps;) .cifyeG ;f / udak usmrf if;atmif-rndKrm0if;/ udòk zd;a0rif; (òzd;ausm/f r*Fvmaps;)rat;at;atmif/ udkpdk;jrifhaZmfwdk@.zcif/ armifydkifòzd;cef@ (tru-12/ awmif§!Gef@)/ rtO vDrif;/ armifcef@xufaZmfw@kd .tbd;k OD;ausmrf if;onf (1-7-99) &uf (=umoyaw;ae@) nae (5 ; 30) em&DwiG f &efuek jf ynfo@l aq;¶H}k uD;Y uG,v f eG o f mG ;ygojzifh (3-7-99) &uf (paeae@) eHeuf (11) em&DwiG f a&a0; tat;wdkufrS a&a0;okomefodk@ ydk@aqmifoò*õ[frnfjzpfyga=umif;? use&f pforl o d m;pk

OD;ausmfrif; (Adokum) B.Arch. M.I.T. (A.I.I.A)

touf (66) ESpf &efuek òf rd ae (OD;bausm)f -(a':at;=unf)wd@k .om;}uD;/ yJc;l òrd ae (OD;oif;armif)-a':apm&D

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

409

20? ykodrfta&S òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f vi_d o f nf ykord t f a&S òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 651) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (59 ² 97)jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1945 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (7) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;oef;armif.om; jzpfonf? OD;!Ge@f vid_ o f nf 1964-65 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov dk f (1) Oypmwef;tqifw h ufaepOf qkAd , D ufjynf axmifpo k @kd Ekid if jH cm;ynmawmfoiftjzpfomG ;a&muf&ef a&G;cs,jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1966 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd tufpx f &mcefig;ynmwuUov kd w f iG f ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D M. Sc. (Fishery) ig;ynmr[modyb H` @GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd ig;vkyif ef;Xme òr d e,fO;D pD;r ; (rE aW v;)/ rE aW v;wuUov dk f owWaA'Xme tcsed yf idk ;f uxdu (yl;wGw J m0ef)/ òr d e,fO;D pD;r ; anmifa&$/ rauG;ESihf ysOrf em;/ wkid ;f OD;pD;rª; {&m0wDwikd ;f (ykord )f / 1987 ckEpS w f iG f ukvor*~pm;eyf&u d mQ ESiphf u kd yf sK;d a&;tzJ@G tpnf;ta0;od@k v,f,m ESihf opfawm0ef}u;D ESit hf wl jrefrmud, k pf m;vS,t f zG@J 0if/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l ta&; awmfy}kH uD;umvwGif {&m0wDwidk ;f vH;k qdik &f m 0efxrf;rsm;ESit hf vkyo f rm;or*~ OuUÏ/ 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (13) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1989 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (14) &ufae@wiG f tvkyw f m0efr&S yfqikd ;f +yD; yifpifay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynfol@ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 21? ykodrfta&S òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vS=unf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vS=unfonf ykord t f a&S òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 293) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (60 ² 73) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ykord fòr d Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oufxeG ;f / trd a':apmwk@d rS 1944 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;vS=unfonf ajrmif;jr/ r&rf;uke;f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf (5)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ ESpjf cif;c&pf,mefausmif;wd@k wiG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ajrmif;jr ausmif;om;rsm;or*~acgi;f aqmif jzpfco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;

410

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

awmfy}kH u;D wGif OD;wifO;D .vHðk caH &; tzJ@G 0if/ 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (14) &ufae@wiG f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf {&m0wDwikd ;f ±H;k tzJ@G 0if/ 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (20) &ufae@wiG f wdik ;f pnf;±H;k a&; r ;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUÏ OD;wifO;D . {&m0wD/ &ckid Ef iS yhf cJ ;l wkid ;f c&D;pOfw@kd wiG v f nf;aumif;/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r ;a':atmifqef;pk=unf. {&m0wDc&D;pOfwiG v f nf;aumif; vdu k yf gco hJ nf? ESp}f urd f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cH&+y;D / 1989 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf wdik ;f pnf;r ;wm0efEiS hf b¾ma&;wm0efw@kd ,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏ xHvyd rf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd f pm;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? yef;waemfòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifcsi;f az/ trd aomif;=unfw@dk rS 1949 ckEpS /f rwfv (15) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? ref;!Ge@f oed ;f onf yef;waemfòrd / taemuf&yf tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ yef;waemfòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ =unfjh rifwidk f tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif; trSwf (3) wk@d wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S odyb H` @GJ (ocsmF ) &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd òr d e,fjynfo@l aumifp0D if (tcsed yf ikd ;f )/ yef;waemfòr d e,f/ jyvif;/ rde;f rajy;&Gm wGzJ uftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f wGzJ ufausmif;q&m/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD kd ua&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? yef;waemfòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfOuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; ðyaumfrwDESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;awG@qHka&;twGuf jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf rwD O uU Ï xH vd y f r l I vuf r S w f a &;xd k ; wif o G i f ; cJ h o l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tyg t0ifjzpfonf?

22? yef;waemfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mwifrif;xGÉo f nf yef;waemfòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (21 160) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (57 ² 02) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? a0gòr d e,f/ anmifcg;&Sn&f mG Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f =unf/ trd a':wifwifwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (24) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmwifrif;xGËfonf anmifcg;&Snt f pd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ a0gòrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;/ yJc;l òrd tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (1) wk@d wiG f tajccH ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1976 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (2) &efuek rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1976-77 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyo f ifq&m0ef (ajrmufOuUvmyaq;±H}k u;D )/ 1986 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd wkid ;f jynfoal umifp0D if ({&m0wDwikd ;f )/ 1981 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmEdik if H q&m0eftoif; yef;waemftwGi;f a&;r ;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yef;waemfòr d e,f &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? yef;waemfòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1997 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (19) &ufae@wiG f yef;waemfòrd e,f&pJ cef;rª;ESit hf zG@J rS a'guw f mwifrif;xGÉ. f aetdro f @kd 0ifa&muf&mS azGc+hJ yD;/ aetdrw f iG f a'guw f mwifrif;xGÉ. f om;i,f aqmhupm;onfch u G x f rJ S pifumylEikd if o H ;kH taºuaG ph (2) aphawG@&o dS nfukd Edik if jH cm;aiGw&m;r0ifvuf0,fxm;&Srd _ yk'rf (24) jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifc+hJ y;D tr_qif w&m;pGq J I kd axmif'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd f pm;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f (43) OD; wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 23? yef;waemfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;ref;!Gef@odef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ref!eG @f oed ;f onf yef;waemfòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (21 353) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (59 ² 13) jzifh a&G;

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24? zsmyHkòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;aomif;wif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;wifonf zsmyHòk rd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 073) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 03) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? zsmyHòk r d e,f/ tvef;zvGw&f mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f a&$/ trd a':ode;f wk@d rS 1944 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;aomif;wifonf tvef;zvGw&f mG tpd;k &rlvwef; ausmif;/ zsmyHòk r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd f (&efuek )f wd@k wiG f ynmoif =um;cJ+h yD;/ 1966 ckEpS w f iG f pdu k yf sK;d a&;abm*aA'bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1967 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;/ jrif;uuke;f ESifh tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2)/ zsmyHw k @kd wiG f txufwef;jy q&m/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif zsmyHw k uUov kd af usmif;om; a[mif;rsm;or*~ OuUÏ/ zsmyHòk rd e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f ZGev f (26) &ufae@wiG f OD;aomif;wifu rdro d nf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfuu kd , kd pf m;ðyI v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcx H m;&oljzpfa=umif;/ tcktcg rdru d , kd f pm;ðy xm;aom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzJ@G EiS hf {&m0wDwidk ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzJ@G w@dk onf csrw S x f m;aom pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf; rl0g'wd@k EiS t hf nD av;pm;vku d ef mr_r&S=d uawmhbJ trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf zsmyHòk r d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;tzJ@G tm; wzufowfzsuo f rd ;f cJah =umif;/ ,if;a=umifh trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (A[d)k ESihf {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf; wk@d tay:wGif av;pm;,H=k unfrr_ &Sad wmhI aumfr&Six f H E_wx f u G cf iG ahf wmif;cHvmonft h wGuf aumfr&Sio f nf OD;aomif;wiftm; 1991 ckEpS /f ZGev f (26) &uf ae@rpS I Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yvku d af =umif; a=unmcJo h nf? 25? zsmykHòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;rif;aqG/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rif;aqGonf zsmyHòk r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f

412

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 358) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (63 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? zsmyHòk r d e,f/ usKH u'Ge;f &GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;zd;k usm;/ trd a':wifOwk@d rS 1944 ckEpS /f rwfv (16) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;rif;aqGonf usKH u'Ge;f tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ zsmyHòk r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wk@d wiG f (10) wef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh onf? &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd Ef iS hf ynma&;wuUov kd w f @kd rS odyb H` @GJ EiS fh 0dZm ynma&;bJ@G w@dk &&Scd o hJ nf? 1967 ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd zsmyHòk r d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (2)/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSw(f 1)/ ausmuf}u;D òr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f txufwef;jyq&m/ 1977 ckEpS rf S 1987 txd òr d e,fvrf;pOfvil ,fpnf;¶H;k a&;r ;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wuUov kd af usmif;om;a[mif;rsm; or*~/ zsmyHw k iG 'f w k , d OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyòr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;r ; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (28) &ufae@wiG f {&m0wDwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if wOD;jzpfol OD;rif;aqGESifh om;jzpfol òrd e,fvli,fwm0efcH udo k ed ;f aqGw@kd tm; 1984 ckEpS /f bmom&yfoif ud, k yf ikd o f ifwef;Oya' yk'rf 14 (c)/ 20 (u) (c) jzifh zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifjcif;cHc&hJ +y;D / oifwef;q&mrSwyf w kH ifu'fjym;ESihf bmom&yfoifu, kd yf ikd f oifwef;rSwyf w kH if vufrw S u f kd xkwaf y;cJjh cif;/ 1984 ckEpS /f bmom&yfoifu, kd yf idk o f ifwef;Oya' vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;ESihf nDnw G rf &_ aSd =umif; pDppfawG@&&Sd ojzifh rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ya=umif; ta=umif;=um;ygonf[k twdtvif; azmfjyxm;jcif;/ (1/ 6/ 96) rS (3/ 5/ 97) txd oif=um;cGi&hf o Sd nf[ak zmfjyxm;jcif;wd@k yg&ySd gvsuf OD;rif; aqGukd 1984 ckEpS /f bmom&yfoif ud, k yf ikd o f ifwef;Oya' yk'rf (22) (23) wd@k t& axmif'%f (3) ESpf ESihf aiG'%f ( 30 000d§-) pDukd waygi;f wnf;uscaH p&ef jypf'%fcsrw S cf yhJ gonf// aiG'%fraqmifojzifh axmif'%f (9) v csrw S cf o hJ nf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (14) &ufae@wiG f OD;rif;aqGEiS o hf m;jzpfol udrk sK;d rif; aqGw@kd (2) OD;tm; zsmyH&k pJ cef;rSvma&mufac:aqmifI jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf (409) jzifh pm;azsmf t&ufqikd rf S wefz;kd aiG (70 000) usyaf usmw f eft&ufrsm;udk OD;rif;aqGw@kd om;tzESpOf ;D rS vma&muf ,lomG ;r_jzifh tr_qifw&m;pGq J ckd o hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS /f {+yv D (9) &ufae@wiG f ðyvkyo f nfh zsmyHòk r d tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (2) q&muefawmhyo JG @kd zdw=f um;r_rðy&ef tm%mydik rf sm;rS zdtm;ay;jcif; cHc&hJ onfjh yif ZeD;jzpfol t+ird ;f pm;ausmif;q&mra':pdew f iftm; tvm;wl 2005 ckEpS /f rwfv (27) &ufae@uðyvkyo f nfh zsmyHòk r d tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) q&muefawmhyo JG @kd zdw=f um;jcif; rðy&ef zdtm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

urmuvlwu kd ef ,faq;±Hk aqmufvyk af &; tzJ@G EiS hf wGzJ uftpd;k & tv,fwef;ausmif; (urmuvl) wk@d wiG f OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? yifv,fxyd af us;&GmwGif ud, k yf ikd q f efpuf&o dS nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif &yfr&d yfzwOD;tjzpf yg0ifco hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyo f @kd 0ifco hJ nf? a'guw f mpde0f if;OD;aqmifaom pifòyid t f pd;k &tm; axmufcH aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (250) wGif ryg0ifcahJ omfvnf; *ENaD =unmpmwrf;udk vufrw S af &;xk;d cJhonf? bkduav;òrd e,f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD/ iydacsmif;aus;&GmrJ±Hkudk,fpm;vS,f OD;jr[efu OD;0if;óuif tEdik &f &Sad omrJrsm;onf w&m;rJðh yusi&hf mrS&&Scd jhJ cif;jzpfa=umif; pGypf v JG suf a&G; aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;xm;I a&G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf (2) wGif =um;emppfaq;cJhonf? bdu k av;òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;tjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

26? bdkuav;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;0if;óuif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;óuid o f nf bku d av;òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 953) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (51 ² 68) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? bku d av;òr d e,f/ urmuvlaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ausmpf ed /f trda':=uif wifw h @kd rS 1944 ckEpS /f arv (26) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;0if;óudio f nf a':ok"rRpm&Dausmif; (bku d av;) ESihf OD;xGe;f armifausmif; (&efuek )f wk@d wiG f q,fwef;atmifonftxdvnf;aumif;/ ykord f aumvdyEf iS hf &efuek w f uUov kd w f @dk wiG f odyH` (±lyaA') bG@J &&So d nftxdvnf;aumif; ynmoif=um;cJo h nf?

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413

27? bdu k av;òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmpdefjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mpdejf rifo h nf bdu k av;òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 259) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 3) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;oef;xGe;f (armfueG ;f 0ifyxrqif)h / trd a':cifped w f @kd rS 1955 ckEpS /f {+yv D (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? bku d av;òr d e,f/ u'Hu k edaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? a'guw f mpdejf rifo h nf q,fwef;atmifonftxd bdu k av;òrd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) wGif tajccHynm oif=um;cJI h q&m0efb@GJ ukd aq;wuUov kd f (1) rS 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1980-81 ckEpS w f iG f tvkyo f ifq&m0ef/ 1981 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd ud, k yf ikd af q;cef; (u'Hu k ed/ bdu k av;) zGiv hf pS cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif rdom;pkEiS t hf wl &efuek òf r d / uefawmf uav;wGiaf &mufaecdu k yf g0ifco hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f {+yv D (10) &ufae@wiG f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t fh zJ@G u'Hu k edaus;&Gmod@k pnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;vma&mufpOf wnf;ckðd ypkrw _ m0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (9) &ufae@wiG f Ekid if aH wmftm; aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D vdo k rl sm;.tE &W m,frS umuG,af pmifah &Smufonfh Oya' yk'rf 10 (u) t& ykord af xmifY zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 1989 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (30) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf? *ENt D pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f jcif;cH&I a&G;aumufycJG t kH zJ@G (2) rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &; twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 28? rtlyifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;cspfoef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;cspo f ef;onf rtlyifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwD tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (23 861) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (47 ² 92) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;wifat;/ trd a':pdeEf @JG w@kd rS 1946 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (18)

414

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

&ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? "EkjzLòrd e,f/ ESu J sK;d aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;cspo f ef;onf ESu J sK;d tpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif;/ ZvGeaf umhwyf}u;D tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzLtpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D / 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f pmay;pm,ljzifh &efuek w f uUov kd rf S Oya'bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd "EkjzLòr d e,fygw, D el pf aumfrwD0if/ òr d e,f awmifov l ,form;aumifpD twGif;a&;rª;/ A[dkawmifolv,form;aumifpD0if/ tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf (22) qif;/ rtlyifòr d e,f ygw, D el pf pnf;aumfrwD0if/ òr d e,fawmifov l ,form;tpnf;t¶H;k ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

oHr%dwyfz@JG Xmerª;/ ajrmif;jrc¶dik af usmif;om;or*~ tvkyt f r_aqmifjzpfc+hJ y;D / ausmif;om;oydwEf iS hf Armhvw G v f yfa&;twGuf t*Fvyd ef ,fcs J qef@usiaf &;wdu k yf rJG sm;wGif 'd@k Armtpnf;t¶H;k / vuf¶;kH wyfrsm; ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f wGi;f armfvòrid u f |e;f òr d / rD;owftpnf;t¶H;k wGif yg0ifc&hJ if; zufqpf*syefrsm;udak wmfveS &f ef ajratmufawmfveS af &;twGuf jynfo@l ta&;awmfyykH gwD twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1951 ckEpS rf S 1961 ckEpS t f xd ygvrD eftrwf (armfvòrid f u|e;f )/ ygvrD eftwGi;f 0ef (0g;c,frawmifyikd ;f )/ 1946 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f wGi;f armfvòrid u f |e;f òr d e,f Armjynfqdk&S,fvpfygwDESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mawmifolv,form;tpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf vnf;aumif;/ ajrmif;jrc¶dik q f &kd , S v f pfygwED iS hf (z-q-y-v) tzG@J twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ v,f,majrEdik if yH ikd ðf yvkyaf &;0ef}u;D Xme ygvrD eftwGi;f 0eftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f wGi;f {&m0wDwikd ;f (z-q-y-v) tzG@J twGi;f a&;rª;ESihf (A-w-v-p) XmecsKyf wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; (pnf;¶H;k a&;) wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS rf S 1967 ckEpS f txd yd@k aqmif qufo, G af &;0ef}u;D XmewGif n Ed id_ ;f a&;t&m&St d jzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDru H ed ;f ESiv hf yk if ef;aqmif&u G af &; OD;pD; XmewGif wdik ;f OD;pD;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1986 ckEpS w f iG f wdik ;f OD;pD;rª; tjzpfrS t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if (yxrqif)h / jynfaxmifpo k rRw a&$wq H yd q f /k Edik if *hH % k &f nf ('kw, d qif)h wd@k &&Scd o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif vGwf vyfa&;wdu k yf t JG pOftvm&Scd =hJ uaom Edik if aH &;&Jabmfrsm;ESit hf wl jynfow l &yfv;kH .qENjzpfonfh 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &ay:ayguaf &;twGuf a=unmcsux f w k jf yefjcif;/ ygw*D % kd ;f *%uif;&Si;f aom wckwnf;aom awmifov l ,form;tzG@J ay:aygu&f ef aqG;aEG;ndE i_d ;f +yD; (,m,D) tajccHrsm;zG@J co hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f A[kOd ;D pD;tzG@J 0if/ A[kad wmifov l ,form;tzJ@G twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? yJc;l wdik ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J 0ifwm0ef yl;wGaJ qmif&u G cf o hJ nf? {&m0wDwidk ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzJ@G 0ifwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f rwfv (26) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfz@JG pnf;onfh A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J wiG f tzG@J 0iftjzpf wd;k jri w hf m0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f zG@J pnf;cJo h nfh jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f tzG@J 0ifjzpfvmcJo h nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f jzpfymG ;cJh onfh 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky=f uw H u kd cf u kd o f wfjzwfrj_ zpfymG ;pOf etzrS aetdrt f us,cf sKyjf zpfh xde;f odr;f xm;cJ&h mrS 2003 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf?

29? rtlyifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;vSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSjrifo h nf rtlyifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (25 835) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (55 ² 4) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? rtlyifòr d e,f/ oHjzLpk&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wif/h trd a':yHw k @dk rS 1924 ckEpS w f iG f arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;vSjrifo h nf oHjzLpk&mG tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ ckEpS t f rd w f ef;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f ckEpS w f ef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1942 ckEpS rf S 1945 ckEpS t f xd Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtikd f at)/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t)/ ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmf (yDAt D ufz)f wk@d wiG f &Jabmf/ 'k@d Arm tpnf;±H;k 0if/ 1949 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd (A-w-v-p)/ (p-y-u-o)/ (wD-,l-pD-bD) twGi;f a&;rª; (yef;waemf)/ 1958 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd rtlyifc±dik f (y-x-p) twGi;f a&;r ;/ 1953 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd vufaxmufc±kid 0f efxrf;r ; (v,f,majr Ekid if yH ikd ðf yvkyaf &;) rtlyif/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1966 ckEpS t f xd a0,Hu|e;f bke;f }u;D ausmif; rlvwef;q&m/ 1967 ckEpS rf S 1980 jynfEh pS t f xd ukeo f , G v f ,f,m 0efxrf; (rtlyif)/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif òr d rd/ òr d z (13) OD;tzJ@G wiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if (yxrqif)h &&Scd o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wdik ;f }u;D =uyfr_ acgi;f aqmifwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS w f iG f 0wW&m;aESmif, h u S rf j_ zifh w&m;pGq J I kd axmif '%fcsrw S jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏ xH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpf onf? 30? armfvòrifu|ef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSaz/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSazonf armfvòrid u f |e;f òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (24 960) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (53 ² 03) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;armifqidk f (¶ky&f iS ¶f rkH efae*sm)/ trd a':tke;f oifw@kd rS 1927 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (19) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;vSazonf armfvòrid u f |e;f òr d OD;armifaxG;txufwef;ausmif;ESihf òr d rtxufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f (10) wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ausmif;om;or*~EiS hf ausmif;om;

31? armfvòrifu|ef;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;wifvS/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifvo S nf armfvòrid u f |e;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 317) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (51 ² 81) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? OD;bd;k aomf.om; jzpfonf? 1936 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (4) &ufae@ zGm; jzpfonf? armfvòrid u f |e;f òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;wifvo S nf armfvòrid u f |e;f òr d tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS w f iG f a':aX;aX;ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd f pD;yGm;a&;vkyu f ikd o f nf? vlra_ &;wGif jynfv;kH csr;f oma*gyutzJ@G 'kw, d OuUÏ/ òr d r (4) or0g,r twGi;f a&;r ;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

416

415

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

32? ajrmif;jròr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;atmif=uif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmif=uifonf ajrmif;jròr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (27 446) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (53 ² 22) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1957 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (3) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? ajrmif;jròr d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;armif=uif.om; jzpfonf? OD;atmif=uifonf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;udk t*Fvyd pf m*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifI 1981 ckEpS w f iG f odyH` (±lyaA') bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? ajrmif;jròr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f twGi;f wGif w&m;r0ifA'D , D akd cGrsm; vuf0,fxm;&Sd onfqu kd m tm%mydik rf sm;. tr_qifzrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;pd;k rif;u rdro d nf use;f rma&;raumif;ygojzifh rdrt d m; jynfo@l vw $ f awmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENt av#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;pd;k rif;.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;pd;k rif;tm; ,ae@rpS I ajrmif;jròr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf y vdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

33? ajrmif;jròr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;pdk;rif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pk;d rif;onf ajrmif;jròr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (26 725) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58²81) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1956 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (17) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;tke;f az.om;jzpfonf? OD;pk;d rif;onf 1977 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;atmifjrifI 1980-81 ckEpS w f iG f ykord af umvdyrf S jrefrmpmt"du jzifh 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? rdbvufiu k v f uf&if; jrefrmhaq;ynmjzifh toufarG;onf? ajrmif;jròrd e,f/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (26) &uf ae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsuf t& 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSw/f 041§pnf; (pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1434) (1360 jynfhESpf/ wydkwGJvqef; 10 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 26 &uf)

34? jrefatmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifOD;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifO;D onf jrefatmifòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 248) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 62) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1941 ckEpS /f ZGev f (1) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? [oFmwòr d e,f/ ydawmufuek ;f aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;bat;.om; jzpfonf? OD;wifO;D onf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m ESihf odyH` wuUov kd rf S 0dZm bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? vufaxmufòr d ydik o f ifwef;wufc+hJ y;D 1969 ckEpS w f iG f vufaxmufòr d ydik f tifyifòr d e,fcGJ (jrefatmif)/ 1971 ckEpS w f iG f 'kw, d OD;pD;r ; (jrefatmif)/ 1974 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef; a&S aepmar;yGaJ tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS w f iG f òrd e,faumifpt D wGi;f a&;r ; / 1977 ckEpS w f iG f ygwrD S oef@pifjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1977-78 ckEpS w f iG f 'k±;kH tzJ@G r; / òrd e,faumifp/D pvif;òrd (rauG;wkid ;f )/ 1978 ckEpS w f iG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? xd@k aemuf txufwef;a&S ae tjzpf vdu k yf gaqmif&u G o f nf?

? OD;pd;k rif;tm; {&m0wDwikd ;f / ajrmif;jròr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m; &oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS {&m0wDwikd ;f / ajrmif;jr òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;

35? jrefatmifòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrifhod%f;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;jrifo h % d ;f onf jrefatmifòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (31 160) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70 ² 32) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? jrefatmifòr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;rl/ trd a':ndKwd@k rS 1955 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (4) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;jrifo h % d ;f onf 1973 ckEpS w f iG f jrefatmif tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef;atmifjrifI 1976 ckEpS w f iG f ykord af umvdyYf wwd,ESpf (ocsmF ) wufaepOf rwfvausmif; om;ta&;tcif;wGif wufºupG mG yg0ifco hJ jzifh yk'rf (5) jzifh (2) ESpf zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f ocsmF t"dujzihb f @GJ &cJo h nf? usL&Siv f yk if ef;jzifh toufarG;onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a&S wef;rSwufºuGpGmyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsKd;om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jrefatmifòr d e,f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f rwfv (6) &ufae@/ eHeuf(11 ; 00)em&DwiG f uG,v f eG cf o hJ nf? rwfv (7) &ufae@

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

418

ta=umif;t&m ?

417

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

oò* v õ o f nfh psmyetcrf;tem;wGif =ucH if;òr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶kH;a&;tzG@J 0if rsm;/ jrefatmifòr d e,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ òr d e,fEiS &hf yfuu G f aus;&Gmpnf;¶k;H a&;tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf yef;waemf/ usKaH ysmòf r d e,frsm;rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tygt0if jrefatmifòr d e,f jynfol vlxo k ;kH aomif;cef@u pnfum;odu k òf ru d pf mG vdu k yf gy@kd aqmif=uonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy. f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf jrefatmifòr d e,frS ta&G; cs,fcH&+yD;onfhaemufydkif;wGifvnf; ygwDwm0ef/ wdkif;jynfwm0efrsm;udk wufºuGckdif=unfpGm xrf; aqmifco hJ jl zpfonf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh 'Dy, J if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uH wdu k cf u kd o f wfjzwfrt _ a&;tcif;twGuv f nf; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS vkyaf zmfuikd b f uf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESit hf wly;l aygi;f vsuf w&m;cHtppftrSerf sm; azmfxw k af &;twGuf awmif; qdkcJhonf? ZeD;jzpforl mS 1999 ckEpS u f yifu, G v f eG Ef iS chf +hJ y;D / uG,v f eG cf sed w f iG f orD; roef@ZifZifoed ;f / om; òz;d pnfo[ l ed ;f ESihf om;i,f òz;d nDoo l ed ;f wd@k oH;k OD;use&f pfco hJ nf?

wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ig;odik ;f acsmif;òr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;a&$azmh/ trd a':pdew f ifw h @dk rS 1922 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;armifarmifonf &efuek w f uUov dk rf S 0dZm bG@&J I 0dZm *k%x f ;l wef;aemufq;kH ESpf +y;D qH;k onftxdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? tm&Svil ,f/ z-q-y-v vli,f wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r ;ESihf (wnf+rJ) z-q-y-v A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmif/ 1952 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS t f xd ygvrD eftwGi;f 0ef/ jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ ygvrD eftrwf (a&=unf§ig;odik ;f acsmif;)/ 1968 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd tzJ@G 0if (yifv,fu;l oabFmESifh ud, k pf m;vS,v f yk if ef;)/ 'kw, d taxGaxGrefae*sm ([kw d ,fEiS w fh ;dk &pf)/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? Ekid if *Hh % k &f nf ('kw, d qif)h &onf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf A[kOd ;D pD; (ukeo f , G §f pD;yGm;) acgi;f aqmif wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? *ENq D ;kH jzwfcsut f wdik ;f e0wrS v$waf wmfac:ray;v#if vkyaf qmif&rnfeh nf;vrf; oH;k oG,pf mwef;udk wkid yf ifa&;om;ðypk&mwGiyf g0ifco hJ jzifh oufqidk &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf?

36? a&=unfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;!Gef@0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Ge@f 0if;onf a&=unfòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (28 327) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (62 ² 66) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? ykord òf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;btke;f / trd a':xGm;wd@k rS 1939 ckEpS w f iG af rG;zGm; cJo h nf? OD;!Ge@f 0if;onf 0dZm bJ@G EiS yhf nma&;'Dyvkrd m&&Scd o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd ykord f aumvdyaf usmif;om; twGi;f a&;r ;/ OuUÏ/ 1961 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd tv,fwef;jy/ txufwef; jy/ vufaxmufynma&;r ; (ykord t f a&S / ykord t f aemuf/ iykawm/ o&uf/ yif;w,/ a&=unf) 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif a&=unfòr d e,f/ +ird ;f csr;f pGmvlxq k ENazmf xkwaf &;aumfrwD OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (4) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (2) &ufae@txd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1988 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (1) &ufae@wiG f vufaxmufynma&;rª;wm0efrS t+ird ;f pm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1996 ckEpS w f iG f òr d &GmESihf td;k tdrzf @HG òz;d a&;OD;pD;XmerS if;ESirhf o d m;pkaexdik &f m ykord òf r d / jynfawmfomwdu k /f trSwf (52) rS twif;tusyzf ,f&mS ;cdik ;f ojzifh z,f&mS ;ay;cJ&h onf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? 37? a&=unfòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;armifarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifonf a&=unfòr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH (26 740) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (59 ² 07) jzifh a&G;cs,f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

419

38? vyGwmW òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;=unf0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unf0if;onf vyGwmW òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (23 483) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (66 ² 83) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? vyGwmW òrd Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;aomif;pde/f trd a':usipf ed w f @kd rS 1946 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;=unf0if;onf 0dZm (Oya') bJ@G EiS hf Oya'0dZm bJ@G & w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S ae jzpfonf? 1988 ckEpS w f iG f a':ar$;ar$;ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? vyGwmW a&S aetoif; twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbm v (19) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (1) &ufae@txd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? vyGwmW òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 39? vyGwWmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmat;=uL/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f mat;=uLonf vyGwmW òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 676) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (56 ² 82) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &efuek òf rd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (29) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;a&$zek ;f .om;jzpf onf? a'guw f mat;=uLonf rlvwef;ynmukd wGaH w;òr d wGif oif=um;cJI h wmarGtpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; trSwf (1) rS (10) wef;atmifjrif+y;D 1977 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (1)&efuek rf S q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':cifcifóuid Ef iS hf vufxyfco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd af q;cef; zGiv hf pS v f yk u f ikd o f nf? vyGwmW òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

420

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

40? av;rsufESmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;pDarmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (uG,fvGef) OD;pDarmifonf av;rsuEf mS òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (16 041) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (72 ² 9) jzifh a&G;cs,w f if ajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? av;rsuEf mS òr d e,f/ cH}k u;D Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;armif&edS /f trd a':ode;f wd@k rS 1947 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? wOD;wnf;aomom; jzpfonf? OD;pDarmifonf av;rsufESmòrd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrifcJhI [oFmwòrd tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;rS wuUov kd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifco hJ nf? ykord af umvdyEf iS hf &efuek w f uUov kd w f @kd wiG f pdwyf nm 'kw, d ESpt f xdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG yf nmoif=um;aepOf 1962 ckEpS /f Zlvikd f (7)&uf ta&;tcif;ESiyhf wfoufI ausmif;xkwcf cH &hJ onf? ,if;aemuf &yfuu G v f ðkH caH &;ESihf tkycf sKyfra_ umfrwD pma&;tjzpf (5) cef@ 0ifa&mufvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&; awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f a': jrifph ed Ef iS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? av;rsuEf mS òr d e,f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;tjzpfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? rE aW v;òr d wGif pifòyid t f pd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;/ awm wGi;f ,m,Dtpd;k &zJ@G pnf;a&;wk@d EiS yhf wfoufI 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwb dk mvtwGi;f v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvky&f mwGiyf g0ifcahJ =umif; ppfaq;ay:ayguo f jzifh ta&;,l&efaqmif&u G f aepOf xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&SmifomG ;I oufqidk &f mrS w&m;cHajy;tjzpfowfrw S af =umif; 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZif bmv (4) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif ,lxm;onfhwm0ef rsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 758§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpftodtrSwfðyxm;jcif;udk zsufodrf;cJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ arv (16) &ufae@xw k f vkyo f m;owif;pmwGif OD;pDarmifEiS yhf wfoufIowif;wyk'yf g&o dS nf? OD;pDarmifonf av; rsuEf mS òr d e,f/ taemuf±;kd rawmifay:&Sd 0g;awmufacsmif;teD;wGif ,m,Dwx J ;dk xm;+y;D yke;f atmifaepOf 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (30) &ufae@wiG f iSuzf sm;a&m*gjzihaf oqH;k oGm;a=umif;/ if;ESit hf wlaexkid cf =hJ u aom awmifuav;&Gmom; OD;pdeaf rmifEiS chf ifarmif0if;/ rSeu f ef&mG om;zd;k ode;f wd@k rS oufqikd &f mok@d xkwf azmf0efco H wif;ay;=uojzihf tcif;jzpf&mod@k omG ;a&mufppfaq;&m OD;pDarmif.tavmif;udk awG@&cdS &hJ onf? OD;pDarmifaoqH;k onfrmS rSeu f efa=umif; qdik &f mrS twnfðycJo h nf? ok@d jzpfI a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif rSvnf; 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe 0g&v D (30) &ufae@wiG f OD;pDarmifu, G v f eG o f mG ;a=umif;ESihf a&G;aumufwif ajr mufc&H aomtrnfpm&if;rS y,fzsuaf =umif;a=unmcJo h nf?

1950 jynfEh pS /f arv (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;qef;jrifo h nf &efuek w f uUov kd rf S Oya'bJ@G & w&m;±H;k csKyaf &S aejzpfonf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':oef;oef;axG; (tkid o f ðy) ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? av;rsuf ESmòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f pnf;¶H;k a&;r ;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf av;rsuEf mS òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf +hJ y;D aemuf 2000 jynfEh pS /f {+yv D (5) &ufae@ eHeuf (7) em&DwiG f av;rsuEf mS òr d e,f tdik o f ðyaus;&GmY tcrf;tem;ðyvkyI f OD;qef;jrifrh S tjrifrmS ;/ tawG;rSm;/ tvkyrf mS ;aeaom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS pGe@f cmG cJ&h onft h a=umif;&if;udk &Si;f vif;wifjycJo h nf? 42? 0g;c,fròr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifatmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifatmifonf 0g;c,fròr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (26 595) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (32 ² 65) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 0g;c,fròr d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;armifcsK/d trd a':tke;f arwk@d rS 1944 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (22) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;wifatmifonf wm0wöom tpd;k & rlvwef;ausmif;/ 0g;c,fròr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D &efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm (Oya') bJ@G EiS hf Oya'0dZm bJ@G w@dk ukd 1972-73 ckEpS w f iG f &&Scd o hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS rf pS I w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aetjzpf vdu k yf g aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf?

41? av;rsufESmòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;qef;jrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef;jrifo h nf av;rsuEf mS òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (15 644) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 86) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ o f nf? a&=unfòr d e,f/ tokwZf mwd jzpfonf? tz OD;cspaf t;/ trd a':at;wifw@dk rS

43? 0g;c,fròr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0 (t+idrf;pm;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? (uG,fvGef) Adv k rf ;ª }u;D oufa0 (t+ird ;f pm;) onf 0g;c,fròr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwt D m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (17 893) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&m cdik Ef e_ ;f (43 ² 09) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? &efuek òf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? 1928 ckEpS /f ZGev f (3) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;bb.om; jzpfonf? Adv k rf ;ª }uD;oufa0 (t+idr;f pm;) onf Oypm0dZm txufwef;txd &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG f ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1949 ckEpS w f iG f t*FvefEikd if H (MONS) Adv k o f ifwef;qif; 'kw, d Adv k /f 1952 ckEpS w f iG f t*FvefwiG f tajrmufwyfcrJG ;ª oifwef;ESihf 1955-56 ckEpS w f iG f tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k iG f wef;jrift h ajrmufynmoifwef;wufco hJ nf? 1956 ckEpS w f iG f tajrmufenf;jy ppfO;D pD;wuUov kd /f 1960-61 ckEpS w f iG f w¶kw-f jrefrm e,fjcm;owfrw S af &;tzG@J acgi;f aqmif/ 1962 ckEpS rf S 1970 jynfEh pS t f xd wyf&if;rª;/ A[dEk iS hf tajrmufwyf (2)/ 1964 ckEpS rf S 1966 ckEpS w f iG f c¶dik v f ðkH cHa&;ESit hf yk cf sKyfra_ umfrwDOuUÏ vm;¶d;_ / 1971 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd w¶kwEf ikd if H jrefrmhppfo/H 1974 ckEpS rf S 1976 ckEpS t f xd 'kw, d !¸e=f um;a&;rª; uu (oH)/ 1976 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmaumifppf0efcsKyf a[mifaumifu|e;f / 1978 ckEpS rf S 1986 ckEpS t f xd !¸e=f um;a&;rª; uu (oH)/ 1986 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD A[dak umfrwD0if (XmecsKyf/ tcsed jf ynf)h / ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t)/ ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmf (yDbt D ufz)f wGif yg0ifcI hJ armfueG ;f 0if ('kw, d qif)h &cJo h nf? aZ,sausmx f ifEiS hf xl;c|ew f q H yd f (3) ck&cJo h nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

422

421

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

44? omaygi;f òr e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;vSjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSjrifo h nf omaygi;f òr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (14 846) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (59 ² 33) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? omaygi;f òr d e,f/ xef;yl;rus;D uke;f &GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f armif/ trd a':oli,fr wk@d rS 1947 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (24) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;vSjrifo h nf 0dZm (Oya')/ Oya'0dZm ESihf txufwef;a&S aepmar;yJw G @dk ukd atmifjrifxm;onfh w&m;±H;k csKyfa&S aejzpfonf? 1970 jynfEh pS w f iG f a':ciftek ;f jrifEh iS v hf ufxyfco hJ nf? ykord òf rd a&S aersm;toif;. twGi;f a&;r ;tjzpf (10) ESpf aqmif &Gucf o hJ nf?

(2) rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr muf cHxm;&ol tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS {&m0wDwikd ;f / omaygi;f òrd e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&ol OD;oef;0if;u rdro d nf use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh qufvufwm0ef xrf;aqmif Edik pf rG ;f r&Sad wmhojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m; &oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef ,if;.qENtav#muf Taumfr&Sio f @kd wifjycJyh gonf? 2? txufyg OD;oef;0if;.wifjycsut f & Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD OD;oef;0if;tm; ,ae@rpS I omaygi;f òr d e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcx H m;&oltjzpfrS Ekwx f u G f cGiðhf yvdu k af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

45? omaygif;òr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;oef;0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;0if;onf omaygi;f òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (17 509) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 96) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? omaygi;f òr d e,f/ uif;wyfaus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;[efped /f trd a':,Ofjr wk@d rS 1947 ckEpS /f arv (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;oef;0if;onf &efuek 0f Zd m ESio hf yd w H` uUov kd rf S 1968 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm (yx0D) bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd tv,fwef;jyq&m (ynma&; Xme)/ 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@rS 1988 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (22) &ufae@txd zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1989 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1) &ufae@rpS I wm0efrS t+ird ;f pm;,lciG &hf cJo h nf? xd@k aemuf vuf orm;tvkyjf zifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;cJo h nf? omaygi;f òr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f wm0ef ,lco hJ nf? 1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (23) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G cf hJ onf? 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (11) &ufae@wiG u f si;f yðyvkycf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyf tr_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & 1999 ckEpS /f ZGev f (14) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSw/f 041§pnf;(pnf;¶H;k )§99 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m; vS,jf zpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1442) (1360 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 9 &uf) (1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 23 &uf)

46? [oFmwòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;jroef;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jroef;onf [oFmwòrd e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (39 479) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (58 ² 31) jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? "rBZD mwd jzpfonf? tz OD;ode;f armif/ trd a':apmwifw@dk .om; jzpfonf? OD;jroef;onf &efuek òf r d pdeaf ygvaf usmif;ESihf òr d rtrsK;d om;ausmif;wd@k wiG f t*Fvyd -f jrefrm e0rwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k / tm&Svil ,f0if/ Armhvw G v f yfa&; wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t)/ Armh umuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t)/ ArmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmf (yDAt D ufz)f wk@d wiG f ppfa&;/ Ekid if aH &;t& yg0ifcI hJ vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if (yxr) qif&h &Scd o hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS rf S 1947 ckEpS t f xd jynfo@l &Jabmf ppfacgi;f aqmif/ 1948 ckEpS rf S 1958 ckEpS f txd z-q-y-v c±dik t f r_aqmifEiS fh vli,ftwGi;f a&;rª;/ 1958 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd wnf+rJ z-q-y-v [oFmwajrmuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufccH &hJ onf? y-x-p ESihf r-q-v vufxuf rnfonft h zJ@G wiG rf S ryg0ifcyhJ J 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? [oFmwòr d e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf òr d e,fpnf;¶H;k a&;r ; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

ta=umif;t&m? ? OD;oef;0if;tm; {&m0wDwikd ;f / omaygi;f òr e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf

47? [oFmwòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmaZmfjrifh/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'guw f maZmfjrifo h nf [oFmwòr d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (48 758) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68 ² 34) jzifh a&G; cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? armfvòrid òf r d Zmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;azwif/ trd a':=uifjrwk@d rS 1943

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

424

423

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f maZmfjrifo h nf armfvòrid f pde@f yx&pfausmif;/ rE aW v; vzke;f ausmif;/ &efuek rf ufo'pftpd;k &txufwef;ausmif; (,ck '*H-k 1)/ armfvòrdif tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1) wd@k wiG f tajccHynmoif=um;cJ&h m wuUov dk 0f ifwef;udk ±lyaA'*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifI xl;c|eq f &k cJo h nf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f oGm;bufqikd &f maq;wuUov kd rf S (bD't D ufp)f oGm;buf qkid &f mq&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd oGm;bufqikd &f mq&m0ef armfvòrid af usmif; use;f rma&;Xme/ rif;wyf (csi;f jynfe,f)/ [oFmwESiihf ykawm jynfo@l aq;±H/k 1988 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (11) &ufae@wiG f &mxl;rSEw k x f u G cf o hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? ud, k yf ikd af q;cef; zGiv hf pS v f yk u f ikd o f nf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f a':cifoef;ESiv hf ufxyfco hJ nf? 29-9-1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@wiG f tr&yl&òr d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrw f iG ðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&;v#K d 0Sut f pnf;ta0; od@k wufa&mufco hJ nf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif 'kw, d *ENn D v D mcHac:,la&;/ ,m,Dtpk;d &zG@J pnf;a&;wk@d udk tm;wufoa&maqG;aEG;cJo h nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@wiG f rE aW v;taemuf awmifòrd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf±;kH wGiðf yvkyaf om ,m,Dtpk;d &zJ@G pnf;a&; v#K d 0Sut f pnf; ta0;od@k vnf;wufa&mufco hJ nf? od@k twGuf oufqidk &f mrS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;aemuf a'guw f maZmfjrifo hf nf jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11 (n) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f ojzihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f a=unm csuf trSwf (991) jzifah =unmcJo h nf? aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwf yifco hJ nf? 2004 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;awG@qakH &;twGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDOuUÏxH vdyrf I l vufrw S af &;xd;k wifoiG ;f cJo h l jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (43) OD;wGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf?

ajzqdck &hJ m 1983 ckEpS w f iG f odyH` (owWaA') bJ@G &cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH u;D t+y;D wGif ygwpD zkH @GJ pnf;cGi&hf onft h cg 'Dru dk a&pDn! D w G af &;wyfO;D wGif wJzG uftwGi;f a&;rª;/ wyfO;D zsuo f rd ;f I 'D+ird ;f ESiahf ygi;f +y;D aemufwiG f 'Dru kd a&pDEiS +hf ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J A[dt k wdik yf ifcaH umfrwD0if/ ,if;aemuf 'D+ird ;f rSxu G I f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyo f @dk 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? OD;ausm+f ird ;f .orD; a'guw f m a':usiu f si+f ird ;f ESihf 1982 ckEpS /f arv (1) &ufae@wiG f vufxyfco hJ nf? a'guw f musiu f si+f ird ;f onf jynfyod@k om;orD; (2) a,mufEiS t hf wl xGucf mG oGm;a&mufaexkid cf +hJ y;D / OD;jr0if;onf &efuek Ef iS yhf o k rd òf r d wk@d o@kd ul;oef;+y;D ta&mif;t0,fvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmvESihf atmufwb kd mvrsm; twGi;f rE aW v;Yðyvkyo f nfh ,m,Dtpd;k &zG J pnf;a&;vd@_ 0Sut f pnf;ta0;rsm;od k wufa&mufco hJ jzifh 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (3) &ufae wiG f w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcHc&hJ +y;D (9) &ufae wiG f tzrf;cHchJ &onf? jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) jzifw h &m;pG+J y;D axmif'%f (25) ESpf csrw S cf cH &hJ onf? trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 745§ pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG , f x l m;onfh wm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzG@J 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (24) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 758§pnf;§90 jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwðf yxm; jcif;udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo h nf? jypfrq _ idk &f mOya' yk'rf 122 (1) t&jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11 (n) jzif+h ipd eG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsuaf =umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (985) jzifh a=unmcJo h nf? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsu+f y;D aemifwiG ðf yvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm; Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG u hf ykd g ydwyf ifco hJ nf? ,ck tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif aexkdifonf?

48? t*Fylòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;jr0if;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jr0if;onf t*Fyòl r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k pf m; ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (30 800) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (67 ² 02) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? tz OD;xGe;f òrid /f trd a':rDrw D @kd rS 1949 ckEpS /f ZGev f (9) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? t*Fyòl r d Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;jr0if;onf t*Fyòl r d e,f/ csKu d ek ;f tpd;k &rlvwef;ausmif;/ anmifusK;d tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;/ [oFmwòr d tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (4) wk@d wiG f (10) wef;txdynmoif=um;cJo h nf? &Spw f ef; ESihf uk;d wef;wd@k wiG f [oFmwc±dik v f &l nfc|et f jzpf a&G;cs,jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1971-72 ckEpS w f iG f q,fwef;udk awmifOuUvmypmppfXmerS oH;k bmom*k%x f ;l jzifh tvGwaf jzqkad tmifjrifco hJ nf? xk@d aemuf aq;wuU odv k f (1) wGif wwd,ESpt f xdwufa&mufco hJ nf? OD;oef@ta&;tcif;ESihf r_id ;f &mjynft h a&;tcif;wGif yg0ifco hJ jzifh 1976 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;xkwcf cH &hJ +y;D axmif'%f (9) ESpf usccH &hJ onf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGit hf rde@f jzifh axmifrjS yefvw G cf o hJ nf? 1980 jynfEh pS rf pS I wGb J uftv,fwef;jy (2) ESp/f wGb J uftxufwef;jy (2)ESp/f usL&Siq f &mtjzpf (2) ESpv f yk cf o hJ nf? pmay;pm,ljzihf wwd,ESpf

49? t*Fylòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? a'gufwmpef;atmif/ woD;yk*~v? a'guw f mpef;atmifonf t*Fyòl r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif woD;yk*v ~ tjzpf 0ifa&muf ,SOòf yid cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH (J 24 581) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (52 ² 68) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? tz t+ird ;f pm; 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D baX;/ trd a':cifww k w f @kd rS 1955 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (5) &ufae@wiG f arG; zGm;cJhonf? pwkw ajrmufom; jzpfonf? awmif}uD;òrd Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmpef;atmifonf &efuif;tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;trSwf (2) rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ 1979 ckEpS w f iG f oGm;bufqikd &f m aq;wuUov kd rf S q&m0efb@JG &&Sd cJo h nf? 1982 ckEpS w f iG f oGm;bufqikd &f mq&m0ef (iykawmaq;¶H)k / 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGiyf g0ifc+hJ y;D / tvkyrf ES kwx f u G cf o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (21) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (913) jzifh ,if;onf rme,fyavm&Sd jynfaxmif pkjrefrmEdik if H trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J EiS hf qufo, G cf o hJ jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS ysujf y,fa=umif;a=unmcJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;wm0ef,l xm;cJah omfvnf; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ta&;ygonfyh *k Kd~ vfwOD;u rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm; tzG@J u, kd pf m;ðyI t*Fyòl r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid &f eftpDtpOf&cdS o hJ jzifh woD; yk*v ~ tjzpf0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf o hJ nf? a'guw f mpef;atmiftay: a&G;aumufyw JG iG f ,SOòf yid b f ufjzpfol

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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425

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;ygwrD S ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif; OD;ode;f xGe;f rS a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f cJo h jzifh a&G;aumufycJG t kH rSwf (1) . =um;emppfaq;r_uckd cH &hJ onf? 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D (25) &ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ynma&;ESihf use;f rma&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;cef@tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f atmuf wdb k mv (7) &ufae@wiG f tdik , f mvefEikd if /H 'A vifòr d Y !Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &tzG@J jyefvnfjyifqifz@JG pnf;onfh tcg 0ef}u;D csKyf¶;kH 0ef}u;D (ta&S zufa'o/ xdik ;f Edik if )H tjzpf wm0efay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf. 1990 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv (17) &ufae@ &ufpyJG gpmtrSwf - 745§pnf;§90 jzifh woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf 0ifa&mufta&G;cHco hJ nft h wGuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyrf S xkwyf ,f+y;D jzpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? ,ck =opa=w;vsEkdifiHwGif aexkdifonf? 50? tdrfrJòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;wifxGwf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxw G o f nf tdrrf òJ r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (19 441) rJ/ pkpk ak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (64 ² 46) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? tdrrf òJ rd / v,fay:&yfuu G Zf mwd jzpfonf? tz trsK;d om;ausmif;tkyq f &m}uD; OD;,Hk aumif;/ trd a':ode;f jrwd@k rS 1934 ckEpS /f ZGev f (25) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? arG;csi;f (8) OD;teuf t}u;D qH;k om;jzpfonf? OD;wifxw G o f nf 1935 ckEpS w f iG f tdrrf òJ r d / trsK;d om;ausmif;Y pwifynmoif =um;cJo h nf? 1939 ckEpS w f iG f ysO;f rem;òr d / trsK;d om;ausmif;od@k ajymif;a&$ ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 'kw, d urBmppftwGi;f tdrrf òJ r d / uHvS bke;f }u;D ausmif;q&mawmfO;D a^;,sxw H iG f avmukw&W mpmayrsm; avh vmoif=um;cJo h nf? tm&Svil ,ftpnf;t¶H;k uif;axmufvv k iftzG@J 0iftjzpf yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1945-46 ckEpS t f wGi;f tdrrf òJ r d e,f/ z-q-y-v tzG@J csKyf. vGwv f yfa&;óu;d yrf;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;wGif wuf ºupG mG yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? tdrrf òJ r d e,f ausmif;om;or*~ twGi;f a&;r ;tjzpf aqmif&u G +f y;D / jynfo@l vrf;jyeH&u H yfpmapmif t,f'w D mtjzpf aqmif&u G x f w k af 0cJo h nf? 1947 ckEpS t f wGi;f ykord òf r d / vlrsK;d aygi;f pHk rGeu f &iftxufwef;ausmif;Y ynmqufvufoif=um;onf? ,if;ausmif;Y ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJh+yD;/ ykodrfc¶dkif ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmiftjzpf a&G;aumufwif ajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1948 ckEpS w f iG f tpd;k &A[dt k xufwef;ausmif;/ &efuek o f @kd ajymif;a&$ +yD; ynm qufvufoif=um;cJo h nf? ,if;ausmif;Y ausmif;om;or*~ pm=unfw h u kd rf ;ª tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1949 ckEpS w f iG f tr_xrf;aygi;f pHEk iS hf ausmif;om;oydww f u dk yf v JG y_ &f mS ;r_wiG f &efuek cf ¶dik af usmif;om; or*~EiS t hf wl a&S wef;rSyg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? 1950 jynfEh pS w f iG f pde*f |e;f 'dik t f pkd pD ifa,musmF ;av;txuf wef;ausmif; wuUov kd 0f ifoifwef;Y qufvufynmoif=um;cJo h nf? pde*f |e;f a,musmF ;av;txuf wef;ausmif;/ ausmif;om;or*~ pnf;¶H;k a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? &efuek cf ±dik f ausmif;om;or*~ (&-u-o) jyefvnfz@JG pnf;a&;twGuf &efuek cf ¶dik af usmif;om;or*~ pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD tvkyt f r_ aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ twGi;f a&;r ;tjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1951 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifpmar;yGaJ tmifjrifI ZD0aA'bmomwGjJ zifh &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG f qufvufynmoif=um;cJh onf? 1951 ckEpS w f iG f ArmEdik if aH usmif;om;or*~rsm;tzG@J csKyf pnf;¶H;k a&;aumfrwD/ pnf;¶H;k a&;AsL±dk twGi;f

a&;r ;tjzpfaqmif&u G cf +hJ yD;/ txufjrefrmjynfo@kd pnf;¶H;k a&;qif;cJo h nf? &efuek w f uUov kd Yf ynm oif=um;pOf yg%aA'bmom&yftoif; twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ yif;,aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; tvkyt f r_aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? &efuek w f uUov kd f wd;k wuf aomausmif;om;tiftm;pk zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifow l OD;tjzpf wuUov kd af usmif;om;rsm; v_y&f mS ;r_rsm; wGif a&S wef;rSacgi;f aqmifyg0if aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1952-53 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek cf ¶dik af usmif;om;or*~ OuUÏtjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&onf? 1953 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd f atmufwb dk m ausmif; wvydwaf &;wdu k yf w JG iG f acgi;f aqmifyg0ifco hJ nf? &efuek w f uUov kd rf S &moufyefausmif;xkwjf cif;cH&+y;D / yk'rf (5) jzifzh rf;qD;I tif;pdeAf [dt k usO;f axmifwiG f (1) ESpcf cGJ ef@ zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 195657 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd Yf ausmif;0ifciG hf jyefvnf&&SI d Oypmodyw H` ef;Y ynmqufvufoif=um;cJh onf? 1958-59 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek af q;aumvdyYf 'kw, d trfbb D t D uf (pf) t}u;D wef;txd ynm oif=um;cJhonf? aq;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;acgif;aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ vomaqmif o[m,ESiphf mzwftoif; twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f wGiu f si;f yaom ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf w JG iG f aq;aumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;ud, k pf m;vS,f tjzpfwufa&mufco hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS rf S 1962 ckEpS t f xd ausmif;om; v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;/ urBm+h ird ;f csr;f a&; v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1961 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd f 0dZm tydik ;f (u) oifwef;od@k ajymif;a&$@oif=um;cJo h nf? 1963 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm bG@J &&Scd o hJ nf? 1962-63 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd f r*~Zif;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1985 ckEpS t f xd ynma&;Xme vli,fah &;&mXmecGw J iG f ynm-pDr-H okaw Xmepdwrf ;ª tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wuUov kd rf sm; tkycf sKyfa&;¶H;k wuUov kd rf sm;A[d&k u d mQ Xmerª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ use;f rma&;0ef}u;D Xme/ aq;ynmOD;pD; Xmetkycf sKyfra_ tmuf&dS oGm;bufqikd &f maq;wuUov kd Yf armfueG ;f xde;f tqifh (2) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ aq;wuUov kd f (1) Y armfueG ;f xde;f tqifh (1) tjzpfvnf;aumif; tr_xrf;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f rf;pOfygwD vli,fa&;&mc±dik pf nf;¶H;k a&;r ;/ awZvli,fpmapmif t,f'w D mtzG@J 0if/ 1966 ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD A[dv k il ,f ynmpDro H ak woer ;/ ygwXD mecsKyf vlxak &;&mXme ygw0D efxrf; (Xmepdwrf ; )/ 1975-76 ckEpS w f iG f vomòr d e,f tvkyo f rm;aumifpD 'kw, d OuUÏ (1)/ 1973 ckEpS w f iG f jynfv;kH u|wq f ENc, H yl u JG si;f ya&;ESihf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif vomòr d e,f tzJ@G 0ifEiS hf OuUÏ/ 1981 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f Ekid if aH wmfaumifpD trde@f trSwf (2§81) jzifh Ekid if *H % k &f nf ('kw, d qif)h cs;D jri chf &H onf? 1985 ckEpS w f iG f jynfo@l 0efxrf;wHqyd cf s;D jri chf &H onf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif ppf+y;D acwfEiS hf vGwv f yfa&;acwf ausmif; om;or*~tzJ@G 0ifa[mif;rsm;ESit hf wl yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? &Spaf v;vH;k wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. acgi;f aqmifru _ ckd , H v l y_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf pwifxal xmifpOfuyif A[dXk mecsKyf ¶Hk;tzGJ@wGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ wkdif;pnf;tzJG@0if wm0efw@dk ,cl o hJ nf? OD;wifxw G o f nf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. *ENq D ;kH jzwfcsut f wdik ;f e0wu v$waf wmfac:ray;vsif aqmif&u G zf @kd vo dk nfeh nf;vrf; oH;k oG,pf mwrf;ðypk&mwGif twGi;f usus yg0ifchJ ojzifh oufqidk &f mrSzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ,if;aemuf OD;wifxw G o f nf 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya' yk'rf 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya' yk'rf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

428

427

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

11 (n) ESihf+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (987) jzifah =unmcJo h nf? aemif (10) ESpf twGi;f ðyvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;Y yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG hf udv k nf;ydwyf ifco hJ nf?

ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' (EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 1§88) 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 11 &uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 21 &uf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGm usif;yEkdfif&ef EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya' udkjyÏmef;vkdufonf?

51? tdrfrJòr e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;jrifharmif/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifah rmifonf tdrrf òJ r d e,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f m; ud, k f pm;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rkH J (20 054) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (65 ² 17) jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm uf jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1937 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (13) &ufae@zmG ; jzpfonf? OD;armifwif.om; jzpfonf? OD;jrifah rmifonf jyify0dZm yxrESpaf tmifjrifco hJ nf? 1985 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t f xd aiGpm&if;rif;}u;D ±H;k wGif atmufwef;pma&;/ xk@d aemuf pm&if;ppfr; / 1989 ckEpS /f arv (2) &ufae@wiG f t+ird ;f pm;,lco hJ nf? tdrrf òJ r d e,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r ;wm0ef,lcJhonf? vGwfajrmufe,fajr rme,fyavm pcef;ok@d omG ;a&muf+y;D aomif;use;f olrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f vsu&f adS =umif; ppfaq;ay:ayguo f jzifh 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (n)/ jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr (512) t& A[ef;òr d e,fw&m;±H;k wGif w&m;pGq J x dk m;+y;D / w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmxm;onft h jyif ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D (30) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfryS ,fzsucf o hJ nf? 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D (25) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg v,f,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;Xme/ obm0 ywf0ef;usix f ed ;f odr;f a&;0ef}u;D Xme 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1994 ckEpS /f rwfv (26) &ufae@wiG f xdik ;f Edik if /H befaumufòr d &Sd jrefrmoH¶;kH od@k omG ;a&muftzrf;cHc+hJ y;D e-0-w xHtnHch cH o hJ nf? Ö Ö Ö a&G;aumufyGJOya'udkjyXmef;onfhtcg trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf a&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf ,SOfòyifcJhygonf? ,if;odk@ 0ifa&muf,SOfòyif&jcif;ESifhywfoufI tzGJ@csKyfu atmufygtwdkif; oabmxm; xkwfjyefcJhygonf? æ usif;yay;rnfha&G;aumufyGJonf'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkwGifjynfolvlxk twGuf toufpGef@v$wfoGm;cJholrsm;/ trsKd;rsKd;tepfemcHcJholrsm;.wdkufyGJrS ay:xGuv f monf&h v'fwckjzpfonf[k rSw, f v l #ut f zG@J csKyfonf a&G;aumufyJG 0if&ef qH;k jzwfc&hJ jcif;jzpfonf æ ¡ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy/f (9) ESpaf jrmufEpS yf wfvnfae@wiG f xkwjf yefonfah =unmcsu/f a=unmcsuf trSwf (10§97) rS ² ² ² ¢

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

429

tcef; (1) trnf 1? TOya'ukd ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SiOf ya'[k ac:wGiaf p&rnf? tcef; (2) zGJ@pnf;jcif; 2? 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@pyJG g Ekid if aH wmf +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzJ@G a=unmcsuf trSwf (1§88) tyk'd f (2)wGif &nf!$e;f xm;aom ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr&Siu f dk qufvufwm0efay;tyfonf? 3? Ekifd if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y a&;aumfr&Siw f iG f tzG@J 0ifO;D a&wk;d jcif;/ vpfvyfonfah e&mwGif tpm;xk;d jcif;wd@k udk aqmif&u G Ef idk o f nf? tcef; (3) wm0efESifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; 4? ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f wm0efEiS v hf yk yf ikd cf iG rhf sm;rSm atmufyg twkid ;f jzpfonf (u) vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waomygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd atmifjrifpmG usi;f y Ekid af &;twGuaf qmif&u G jf cif;? (c) vkt d yfaom Oya'rsm;ukad &;qGI J Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u jyÏmef;ay;a&; twGuw f ifjyjcif;/ (*) vkt d yfaom enf;Oy'rsm;/ vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ !$e=f um;csurf sm;udk a&;qGI J xkwf jyefjcif;/ (C) ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;udk zG@J pnf;jcif;/ (i) ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiEf iS hf aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;twGuf vkt d yfaom¶k;H 0efxrf;rsm;cef@tyfjcif;/ 0efxrf;a&;&mudp&P yfrsm;udk pDrcH ef@cjJG cif;/ pDrcH ef@caJG pjcif;/ (p) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waomygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;y Ekdif&efvkdtyfonfhtpDtpOfrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;/ vkdtyfonfrsm;udkaqmif&Gufjcif;/ vkdtyfonfh tultnDrsm;ukad wmif;cH&,ljcif;?

430

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

tcef; (4) taxGaxG 5? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;. ukefusp&dwfrsm;/ a&G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGufukefusp&dwfrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmf.b¾maiGrS uscH&rnf?

ESihf tnDrw S yf w Hk if&ef aumfr&Sio f @kd av#mufxm;&rnf? od@k &mwGif atmufygtzG J tpnf; w&yf&yfonf rSwyf w Hk if&ef av#mufxm;cGirhf &Sad p&? (u) wnfqOJ ya'w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cH&aomtzG J tpnf;? (c) Ekid if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom aomif;useo f t l zG J tpnf;? (*) Ekid if aH wmfyikd af iGa=u;/ taqmufttk/H ,mOf/ ypPn;f wk@d ukd wku d ±f u dk jf zpfap/ oG,0f u kd af om enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;Hk pGo J nft h zG@J tpnf;? (C) Ekid if jH cm;wkid ;f jynfwckc. k tpd;k & od@k r[kwf bmoma&;tzG J tpnf; od@k r[kwf tjcm;tzG J tpnf; wckcrk S aiGa=u;/ ypPn;f / tjcm;taxmuftyHu h kd wku d ±f u dk jf zpfap/ oG,0f u kd af om enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;Hk pGo J nfh tzG@J tpnf;? (i) bmoma&;udk Ekid if aH &;udpt P wGuf tvGo J ;Hk pm;ðyaomtzG@J tpnf;? (p) jynfo l wyfrawmf/ jynfo l &Jwyfz JG paom umuG,af &;wyfz JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo l 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf; toD;oD;/ Ekid if yH ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;/ bkw/f aumfyakd &;&Si;f / tzG J tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf; rsm;ESifh Ekid if aH wmfb¾maiGrv S pmcHpm;=uaom 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonft h zG@J tpnf;? 4? rnfonfEh idk if aH &;ygwrD qkd TOya't& rSwyf w Hk ifciG hf &&S+d y;D rSomv#if a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf ,SOòf ydicf iG &hf o dS nf?

6? jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif Oya' (1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfOya' trSwf - 5) udk TOya'jzifh ¶kyfodrf;vkdufonf? (yHk) apmarmif AdkvfcsKyf}uD; OuUÏ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ Oya'trSwf 4§88 )

ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&ef EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ onf atmufygOya'udkjyÏmef;vkdufonf?

tcef; (3) aumfr&Sif. vkyfydkifcGifhrsm; 5? Ekid if aH &;ygww D ckurSwyf w Hk ifay;&efav#mufxm;onft h cg owfrw S x f m;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD ppfaq;+y;D aemuf aumfr&Sio f nf (u) rSwyf w Hk ifciG ðhf yEkid o f nf? od@k r[kwf (c) rSwyf w Hk ifciG ðhf y&ef jiif;qkEd idk o f nf//

tcef; (1) trnfESifht"dy`g,fazmfjycsuf 1? TOya'udk EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf? 2? TOya'wGiyf g&adS om atmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwkid ;f t"dym` ,f oufa&mufap&rnf? (u) Ekid if aH &;ygwq D o kd nfrmS ppfreS af omygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDuv kd ufcu H sio hf ;Hk aom tzG J tpnf;udk qkdonf? (c) a&G;aumufyGJqkdonfrSm ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudkqkdonf? (*) aumfr&Siq f o dk nfrmS ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f q kd o dk nf?

6? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;rðyrD rSwyf w Hk ifciG &hf &S+d y;D aomEkid if aH &;ygww D ckonf yk'rf 3/ yk'rf cGJ (u) (c) (*) (C) od@k r[kwf (i) wGif azmfjyxm;onft h zG J tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Siu f awG@&v dS #if rSwyf w Hk ifciG ðhf ycJjh cif;udk y,fzsu&f rnf? 7? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;rðyrD rSwyf w Hk ifciG &hf &S+d y;D aomEdik if aH &;ygww D ckonf yk'rf 3/ yk'rf cGJ (p) wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tzG J tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif;aumfr&Siu f awG &Sv d #if ,if;tzG J tpnf;wGiyf g0ifonfh oufqidk f &myk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; ygw0D iftjzpfrES w k x f u G af p&ef aumfr&Siu f oufqidk &f mEkid if aH &;ygwED iS fh oufqidk &f m 0efxrf;tzG J tpnf;tm; ta=umif;=um;&rnf? 8? yk'rf (5)/ (6) od@k r[kwf (7) t& aumfr&Si. f qk;H jzwfcsuo f nf t+y;D tjywfjzpfonf?

tcef; (2) EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif; 3? a&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid v f adk om Ekid if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;onf owfrw S x f m;aom enf;vrf;rsm;

tcef; (4) taxGaxG 9? aumfr&Sio f nf TOya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;udk aqmif&u G &f efvt dk yfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/ vkyx f ;Hk vkyf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

432

1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf (2) &uf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27) &uf?

431

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

enf;rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !¸ef=um;csufrsm;udk xkwfjyefEkdifonf?

ya&;aumfr&Sirf S rSwyf w kH ifciG &hf &S+d y;D aom od@k r[kwf ,if;aumfr&Sio f @kd rSwyf w kH if&ef av#mufxm; +y;D od@k r[kwf av#mufxm;&ef jyifqifv#u&f adS =umif; wifjy+y;D jzpfaom Edik if aH &;ygwt D oif; tzG@J ?

toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&m Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya' trSwf 6§88) 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 30 &uf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vdkufonf? tcef; (1) trnfESifht"dy`m,fazmfjycsuf 1? TOya'udk toif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;jcif;qdik &f m Oya'[k ac:wGiaf p&rnf? 2? TOya'wGiyf g&adS omatmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdik ;f t"dym` ,foufa&mufap&rnf? (u) toif;tzG@J qdo k nfrmS trnfo;D jcm;&So d nfjzpfap/ r&So d nfjzpfap &nf&, G cf suw f ckck twGuf od@k r[kwf vkyif ef;pOfwckct k wGuf vltrsm; pkaygi;f zG@J pnf;xm;aom toif;tzG@J / tpnf;t¶H;k / or*~/ ygw/D aumfrwD/ tzG@J csKyf/ toif;pk/ wyfO;D / uvyfEiS hf tvm;wltoif; tzG@J ukd qdo k nf? (c) EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJ@ qdkonfrSm EdkifiHa&;t,l0g' wckcktay:wGiftajccHI EdkifiHa&; pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;r_ukd wenf;enf;ðyaom toif;tzG@J uq kd o kd nf?

tcef; (2) zGJ@pnf;cGifh&&Sd&ef av#mufxm;jcif; (u) toif;tzG@J rsm;onf zG@J pnf;cGi&hf &S&d ef jynfxaJ &;ESio hf moema&;0ef}u;D Xmeod@k owfrw S f xm;aom enf;vrf;twdik ;f av#mufxm;&rnf? (c) zG@J pnf;+y;D aom toif;tzG@J onf TOya' jyXmef;aomae@&ufrS &ufaygi;f oH;k q,ftwGi;f av#mufxm;&rnf? (*) cGiðhf ycsurf &aom toif;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;jcif; od@k r[kwf qufvuf&yfwnfvy_ &f mS ;jcif;rðy&? atmufyg toif;tzG@J rsm;onf TOya't& zG@J pnf;cGihf av#mufxm;&efrvdk æ (u) 1964 ckEpS /f trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk umuG,o f nfh Oya't& jynfxaJ &;ESihf omoem a&;0ef}u;D XmewGif rSwyf w kH ifxm;+y;D jzpfI ,if;rSwyf w kH if wnfv#u&f adS om toif; tzG@J / (c) bmom/ omoema&;oufoufuo kd m usio hf ;kH aqmif&u G af om toif;tzG@J / (*) pD;yGm;a&;oufoufuo kd m vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G af om toif;tzG@J / (C) wnfqJ Oya'w&yf&yft& rSwyf w kH ifxm;aom toif;tzG@J / (i) Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya't& ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

433

tcef; (3) zGJ@pnf;cGifhr&Sdaom toif;tzGJ@rsm; atmufyg toif;tzG@J rsm;udk zG@J pnf;jcif;rðy&/ zG@J pnf;xm;+yD;jzpfv#iv f nf; v_y&f mS ;jcif;rðy&/ qufvufwnf&cdS iG hf r&Sad p& æ (u) 1988 ckEpS /f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& rSwyf w kH ifciG rhf &aom toif;tzG@J / rSwyf w kH ifciG &hf aomfvnf; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f rSwyf w kH ifjcif;udk y,fzsujf cif;cH&aom toif;tzG@J / (c) w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;udk jzpfap/ vrf;yef;qufo, G rf _ vHðk cH acsmarG@apa&;udjk zpfap wenf;enf;tm;jzifh xdcu kd af p&ef tm;xkwaf om/ vH@_ aqmfaom/ wdu k w f eG ;f tm;ay;aom/ ulnaD om/ ðyvkyaf om toif;tzG@J / (*) Edik if aH wmftyk cf sKyfa&;,E &W m;&Sd jynfo@l wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG paom umuG,af &; wyfz@JG 0if rsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf; tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;/ Edik if yH ikd pf ;D yGm;a&; bkw/f aumfyakd &;&Si;f ESihf tzGJ@tpnf; toD;oD;rS0efxrf;rsm; odk@r[kwf EdkifiHawmfb¾maiGrS vpm&,l=uaom 0efxrf;wOD;OD; od@k r[kwf 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifz@JG pnf;xm;+y;D Edik if aH &;toif;tzG@J wpfcck . k =oZmcH ,laom od@k r[kwf Edik if aH &;toif;tzG@J wckcEk iS hf qufo, G af omtoif;tzG@J ? tcef; (4) jypf'%frsm; 6? rnforl qdk yk'rf 3/ yk'rf cGJ (*) udjk zpfap/ yk'rf 5 udjk zpfap azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf =umif; jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fig;ESpx f d uscaH p&rnf? 7? rnforl qdk yk'rf 3/ yk'rf cGJ (*) t& zG@J pnf;cGiu hf kd jzpfap/ qufvuf&yfwnfciG u hf kd jzpfapr&aom toif;tzG@J od@k r[kwf yk'rf (3) t& zG@J pnf;cGirhf &Sad om toif;tzG@J wckcw k iG f yg0ifa=umif;/ toif; tzG@J ukd tm;ay;ulnaD =umif;/ od@k r[kwf xdt k oif;tzG@J taqmifta,mifukd toH;k ðya=umif; jypfr_ xif&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f oH;k ESpx f u d scaH p&rnf? tcef; (5) taxGaxG 8? jynfxaJ &;ESihf omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf TOya't& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;aom toif;tzG@J taejzifh rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ypOf azmfjycJah om &nf&, G cf suEf iS hf vkyif ef;pOfukd ajymif;vJI v_y&f mS ;a=umif; pdppfawG@&v dS #if xdt k oif;tzG@J . rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsuEf ikd o f nf? 9? jynfxaJ &;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D Xmeonf vdt k yfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ !¸e=f um;csuf

434

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

rsm;/ vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;udk xkwjf yefEikd o f nf? toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya' jyXmef;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;I&Sif;vif;csuf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf jynfow l &yfv;kH vdv k m;awmifw h awmif;qdk v#u&f adS om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f ppfreS af om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDukd vufcu H sio hf ;kH aom Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;taejzifh owfrw S x f m;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD vGwv f yfpmG zG@J pnf;v_y&f mS ; yg0if,OS òf yid Ef ikd &f ef &nf&, G cf sujf zifh 1964 ckEpS /f trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk umuG,o f nfOh ya'udk y,fzsucf yhJ gonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyw JG iG f ppfreS af omygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDukd vufcu H sio hf ;kH aomEdik if aH &;ygwrD sm;taejzifh pepfwus vGwv f yfpmG 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydiEf ikd af &;twGuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumf r&Sif Oya'udv k nf;aumif;/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'udv k nf;aumif;/ jyXmef;cJyh gonf? ,cktcg 'Dru kd a&pD.tESpo f m&udk trSew f u,fjrwfE;kd pGmjzifh ppfreS af om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDukd vufcu H sio hf ;kH aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm; zG@J pnf;vmonfrsm;&So d uJo h @kd 'Dru kd a&pDu[ kd efjy+yD; r¶dk;om;aomoabm/ rormaom&nf&G,fcsufwdk@jzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif; ya&;udk taESmift h ,Sut f [ef@twm;tE &W m,fjzpfaprnfh toif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;xm;a=umif;/ zG@J pnf; &ef jyifqifv#u&f adS ea=umif; od&&dS ygonf? xdu k o hJ @kd ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;udk taESmift h ,Suf t[ef@twm; tE &W m,fjzpfaprnfh toif;tzG@J rsm;udk cGiðhf yxm;ygu w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,m a&;/ Edik if aH wmftyk cf sKyfa&;,E &W m;yHrk eS v f ma&;wd@k ukd xdcu kd v f mEdik rf nfjzpfygonf? xd@k jyif &[ef;&Siv f l jynforl sm; ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;t=um; pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf y_ sujf ym;jcif;/ pdw0f rf;uGjJ ym;jcif;/ pnf;urf;azmuf zsujf cif;rsm; jzpfvmEdik zf , G &f m ta=umif;&Syd gonf? xd@k a=umifh Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf toif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;jcif; qdik &f m Oya'udk jyXmef;&jcif;jzpfygonf? ÙÙÙÙÙ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

435

jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 14§98) 1351 ckESpf/ uqkefvjynfhausmf 12 &uf (1989 ckESpf/ arv 31 &uf) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yI jynfol@v$wf awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udak &G;aumufwifajrm ufEikd &f ef Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf atmufyg Oya'udkjyXmef;vdkufonf? tcef; (1) trnfESifht"dy`m,fazmfjycsuf 1? TOya'udk jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'[k ac:wGiaf p&rnf? 2? TOya'wGiyf g&adS omatmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdik ;f t"dym` ,f oufa&mufap&rnf? (u) v$waf wmf qdo k nfrmS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd qdo k nf? (c) aumfr&Sif qdo k nfrmS ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f kd qdo k nf/ (*) aumfr&Sit f zG@J cJG qdo k nfrmS aumfr&Siu f zG@J pnf;ay;aom jynfe,f/ wdik ;f (od@k r[kw)f òr d e,fpk (od@k r[kw)f òr d e,f (od@k r[kw)f &yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkypf k aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;udk qdk onf? xdpk um;&yfwiG f òrd e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J ct JG jzpfaqmif&u G &f ef aumfr&Siu f jynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wdik ;f aumfr&Sit f zG@J c0JG ifrsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;ay;aom aumfr&Sit f zG@J cv JG nf; yg0ifonf? (C) a&G;aumufyJG qdo k nfrmS ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd qdo k nf? (i) rJqENe,f qdo k nfrmS v$waf wmfrq J ENe,fukd qdo k nf? (p) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f qdo k nfrmS v$waf wmfo@kd a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&olukd qdo k nf? (q) omoemh0efxrf; qdo k nfrmS atmufygy*k Kd~ vfrsm;udk qdo k nf? (1) Ak'b < mom0ifrsm;twGujf zpfv#if Ak'b < mom omoemh0efux kd rf;&Guaf eaom &[ef;/ omra%/ zd;k olawmf/ r,fov D / &aohEiS hf &aohr/ &Si;f vif;csu?f omoemh0efxrf;[kq&kd mwGif omoema&;qdik &f m &[ef; (od@k r[kw)f omoemh0efxrf;tjzpf acwWc, H x l m;qJumvtzd@k oufqikd af p&rnf? (2) c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;twGujf zpfv#if c&pf,mefomoemh0efux kd rf;aqmif&ef t"du tm;jzifh rdru d , kd u f kd qufuyfxm;+y;D yk*Kd~ vf[k oufqikd &f m c&pf,meftoif;awmf}u;D rsm; (Churches) u todtrSwðf yI odumQ ay;xm;jcif;cH&aom (od@k r[kw)f wm0efay;xm;jcif; cH&aom yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfap/ rdrw d @kd u;kd uG,&f mbmomt& *d% k ;f csKyf. tkycf sKyfjcif;udk rdrq d EN tavsmuf vufcI H bmoma&;pnf;rsO;f jzifv h nf;aumif;/ t"dXmefðycsujf zifv h nf;aumif; pnf;¶H;k xm;aom yk*Kd~ vfwpkwiG jf zpfap/ tzG@J tpnf;wGijf zpfap yg0ifaomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;? (3) [dELN bmom0ifrsm;twGujf zpfv#if pH,mpD/ r[ef@ (od@k r[kw)f [dELN bke;f awmf}u;D rsm;? (Z) rJpm&if; qdo k nfrmS a&G;aumufyt JG wGuf owfrw S x f m;aom rJqENe,frsm;wGi&f o dS nfh

436

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS rl sm;. pm&if;udq k o kd nf? (ps) axmif'%fuscaH e&olrsm; qdo k nfrmS w&m;¶H;k wckc. k pD&ifcsut f & axmif'%fuscH ae&olrsm;udk qdo k nf? xdpk um;&yfwiG f oufqikd &f mw&m;¶H;k . axmif'%fp&D ifcsuu f kd rauseyfI t,lc0H ifxm;aom axmif'%fuscq H o J rl sm;vnf; yg0ifonf? (n) rJ¶t kH zG@J qdo k nfrmS rJqENe,fwe,ftwGi;f &Sd rJ¶w kH ¶HYk qENraJ y;jcif;ESiphf yfv#O;f I pkaygi;f wm0ef,al qmif&u G &f ef oufqikd &f mòrd e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG wm0efay;tyfxm;aom tzG@J ukd qdo k nf? (Ë) rJ¶rkH ;ª qdo k nfrmS rJ¶t kH zG@J tm;}u;D rª;aom yk*Kd~ vfuq kd o kd nf? (X) a&G;aumufrq _ ikd &f mtcGit hf a&; qdo k nfrmS a&G;aumufyw JG iG f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f avmif;tjzpfjzifh yg0if,OS òf yid Ef ikd af om tcGit hf a&; (od@k r[kw)f ryg0if r,SOòf yid b f aJ eEdik f aom tcGit hf a&; (od@k r[kw)f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G Ef ikd af om tcGit hf a&; (od@k r[kw)f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f rJay;Edik af omtcGit hf a&; (od@k r[kw)f rJray;bJ aeEdik af om tcGit hf a&;udk qdo k nf? (È) w&m;rJðh yusirhf _ qdo k nfrmS TOya'tcef; (13) wGif azmfjyxm;aom ðyusirhf w _ ckcu k kd qdo k nf?

(u) a&G;aumufypJG wifusi;f yonfah e@wiG f touf (18) ESpjf ynf+h y;D / TOya'yg jyXmef;csurf sm; ESirhf qef@usiaf om Edik if o H m;/ {nfEh ikd if o H m;ESihf Edik if o H m;ðycGi&hf olrsm;? (c) oufqikd &f mrJqENe,f. rJpm&if;wGif yg0iforl sm;? 7? atmufygy*k Kd~ vfrsm;onf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG rhf &Sad p& æ (u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;? (c) pdwaf ygo h yG af eonf[k oufqikd &f mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onft h wdik ;f owfrw S jf cif;cH&ol rsm;? (*) jypfrw _ ckcak =umifh w&m;¶H;k .trde@f / pD&ifcsut f & axmif'%fuscaH e&olrsm;? (C) Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;?

tcef; (4) qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdolrsm; 6? atmufygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijhf ynfph o kH rl sm;onf trsK;d om;/ trsK;d orD;ra&G;/ bmomra&G; a&G;aumuf yGw J iG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS nf?

tcef; (5) a&G;aumufwifajr mufcyH ikd cf iG &hf o dS rl sm; 8? atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkonfh EdkifiHom;rsm;onf trsKd;om;/ trsKd;orD;ra&G;/ bmomra&G;/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;aumufwifajr mufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf? (u) a&G;aumufwifajr mufcEH ikd af &;twGuf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f v$m wifoiG ;f csed w f iG f æ (1) touf (21) ESpfjynfh+yD;/ TOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifolrsm;? (2) rdbESpyf g;vH;k Edik if o H m;jzpf+y;D olrsm;/ od@k r[kwf rdbESpyf g;vH;k uG,v f eG +f y;D apumrl/ ,if; wd@k touf&iS v f #u&f ydS gu/ 1948 ckEpS /f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if o H m;jzpfr_ tufOya't& Edik if o H m;tvdt k av#mufjzpfciG &hf o dS rl sm;/ (od@k r[kw)f rdbESpyf g;uG,v f eG cf sed w f iG f ,if;rdb ESpyf g;vH;k Edik if o H m;jzpf+y;D olrsm;/ (od@k r[kw)f rdbwyg;onf wdik ;f &if;om;jzpfI userf b d wyg;onf jrefrmEdik if o H m; Oya'jyXmef;jcif;rðyrD uG,v f eG jf cif;jzpfv#if ,if;od@k uG,v f eG f csed w f iG f Edik if o H m;tjzpf av#mufxm;&,lciG &hf o dS rl sm;? (c) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;? (*) rJpm&if;wGif yg0ifolrsm;? 9? a&G;aumufwifajr mufyikd cf iG &hf o dS w l OD;onf woD;yk*v ~ tjzpfjzifjh zpfap/ Edik if aH &;ygww D ck. ygw0D if tjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcGifh&Sdonf? 10? atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;aumufwifajr mufydkifcGifh r&Sdap& æ (u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;? (c) pdwfayghoGyfaeonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onfhtwkdif; owfrSwfcH&olrsm;? (*) jypfr_wckcka=umifh w&m;¶Hk;.trdef@/ pD&ifcsuft& axmif'%fuscHae&olrsm;? (C) yk'fr 8/ yk'frcGJ (u)/ yk'frcGJi,f (2) yg rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;jcif;r[kwfaom EdkifiHom;rsm;? (i) Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &. aus;Zl;opPmawmfukd cH,al pmifah &Smuf¶akd oolrsm;/ (od@k r[kw)f Edik if jH cm; tpd;k &.vufatmufcjH zpforl sm;/ (od@k r[kw)f xdt k pd;k &. Edik if o H m;jzpforl sm;/ (od@k r[kw)f xdt k pd;k &. vufatmufcjH zpfoal omfvnf;aumif;/ Edik if o H m;aomfvnf;aumif;/ cHpm;&aomtcGihf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

438

tcef; (2) v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;jcif; 3? v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajr mufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,f pm;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf? tcef; (3) rJqENe,frsm;owfrSwfjcif; 4? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm uf&ef rJqENe,frsm;onf aemufqufwZJG ,m; wGio f wfrw S x f m;onft h wdik ;f jzpfonf? od@k &mwGif a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yrnhaf e@&ufukd a=unmjcif; rðyrD tpd;k &tzG@J u òr@d e,fwòr@d e,ftwGi;f &Sd e,fajrtcsK d udjk zpfap/ eD;pyf&mòr@d e,frsm;twGi;f &Sd e,fajr rsm; udak ygi;f pyfIjzpfap òr d e,fwòr d e,ftjzpf topfowfrw S zf @JG pnf;v#if rlvòr d e,fwiG v f nf;aumif;/ topf owfrw S zf @JG pnf;onfh òr@d e,fwiG v f nf;aumif; rJqENe,ftenf;qk;H we,f&&Sad p&ef aemuf qufwZJG ,m;yg rJqENe,fta&twGux f ufausmv f eG af pumrl aumfr&Siu f oifah vsmo f vkd owfrw S f ay;Ekid o f nf? 5? rJqENe,fwe,fwiG f v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,w f OD;pD a&G;aumufwifajrm uf&rnf?

437

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ta&;rsm;ESihf aus;Zl;cHpm;cGirhf sm;udk cHpm;Edik cf iG &hf o dS rl sm;? (p) {nfhEdkifiHom;/ EdkifiHom;ðycGifh&olESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;? (q) wnfqJOya' w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpf a=unmjcif;cH&aom tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;? (Z) Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;/ awmfveS yf ek u f ef&ef ,if;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ od@k r[kwf tzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;ESihf qufo, G af =umif; cdik v f akH omtaxmuftxm;&So d nfyh *k Kd~ vfrsm;? (ps) Edik if aH wmfyikd af iGa=u;/ taqmufttH/k ,mOf/ ypPn;f wd@k ukd wdu k ¶f u kd jf zpfap/ oG,0f u kd af om enf;jzifjh zpfap/ &,lo;kH pGo J nfyh *k Kd~ vf/ od@k r[kwf tzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;? ¹cif;csuf? ? (1) Edik if aH wmfyikd af iGa=u;[laompum;&yfwiG f t+idr;f pm;vpmaiGa=u;aomf vnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH wmftusK;d twGuaf qmif&u G cf o hJ jzifh Edik if aH wmfuw&m; 0ifaxmufychH s;D jri x hf m;aom aiGa=u;aomfvnf;aumif; ryg0if? (2) Edik if aH wmfyikd f taqmufttH/k ,mOf/ ypPn;f [laompum;&yfwiG f Edik if aH wmfu Oya'w&yf&yft& oH;k pGcJ iG ðhf yxm;aom (od@k r[kw)f Edik if aH wmfxrH S tca=u;aiG jzifh iSm;&rf;aexdik af om td;k tdrOf ;D pD;Xmeydik t f aqmufttHEk iS t hf cef;rsm;/ Edik if H awmfyikd t f jcm;taqmufttHEk iS hf tcef;rsm;/ Edik if aH wmfxrH S tca=u;aiGjzifh iSm;&rf;oH;k pGaJ om Edik if aH wmfyikd f av,mOf/ &xm;/ oabFm/ armfawmf,mOf ponfrsm;/ ypPn;f rsm;ryg0if? (n) Edik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfwckc. k tpd;k & (od@k r[kw)f bmoma&;tzG@J tpnf; (od@k r[kw)f tjcm;tzG@J tpnf;wckcrk S aiGa=u;/ ypPn;f / tjcm;taxmuftyHu h kd wdu k ¶f u kd jf zpfap/ oG,0f u kd af omenf; jzifjh zpfap/ &,lo;kH pGo J nfh yk*Kd~ vf/ (od@k r[kw)f tzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;? (É) Edik if aH &;udpt P wGuf bmoma&;udt k a=umif;jyI qENraJ y;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrrJ ay; &efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ajymqdjk cif;/ a[majymjcif;/ a=unmcsux f w k jf yefjcif;ESihf ,if;od@k ðyvkyf &ef tm;ay;v_@H aqmfjcif;ðyaom yk*Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw)f tzG@J tpnf;0ifrsm;? (X) wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG paom umuG,af &;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf; toD; oD;/ Edik if yH ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESihf Edik if aH wmfb¾maiGrS vpmcHpm;=u aom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;? rSwfcsuf? ,if;0efxrf;rsm;wGif t+idrf;pm;,lxm;aom yk*~dKvfrsm;ryg0if?

atmufcjH zpfoal omfvnf;aumif;/ Edik if o H m;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aomtcGit hf a&;rsm;ESihf aus;Zl;cHpm;cGirhf sm;udk cHpm;Edik cf iG &hf o dS [ l k a&G;aumufycJG t kH zG@J .qH;k jzwfc&H jcif;? (i) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS aumfr&Sif od@k r[kwf oufqikd &f muEkwx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;? (p) yk'rf (8)/ yk'rf cGJ (u)/ yk'rf cGiJ ,f (2)yg rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;jcif;r[kwaf om Edik if o H m;tjzpf ouf qdik &f mu owfrw S jf cif;? (q) yk'rf (10)/ yk'rf cGJ (q) od@k r[kwf (Z) yg yk*Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw)f tzG@J tpnf;.tzG@J 0ifjzpfa=umif;/ oufqikd &f m w&m;¶H;k . qH;k jzwfc&H jcif;? (Z) yk'rf (10)/ yk'rf cGJ (ps)/ (n) (od@k r[kw)f (É) yg yk*Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw)f tzG@J tpnf;w&yf. tzG@J tpnf;0ifjzpfa=umif;/ a&G;aumufycJG t kH zG@J . qH;k jzwfc&H jcif;? (ps) yk'rf (10)/ yk'rf cGJ (X) yg 0efxrf;jzpfa=umif;/ oufqikd &f m 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf;t}u;D tuJu ta=umif;=um;jcif;?

11? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H +y;D aemuf atmufygwckcEk iS hf +idpGef;v#if v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad p& æ (u) omoemh0efxrf;tjzpfo@kd tjrw J rf;ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif;? (c) pdwaf ygo h yG o f nf[k oufqikd &f mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onft h wdik ;f owfrw S cf &H jcif;? (*) oufqikd &f mOya't& Edik if o H m;tjzpfrS &yfpo J mG ;a=umif; owfrw S cf &H jcif;? (C) Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &. aus;Zl;opPmawmfukd cH,al pmifah &Smuf¶akd ool/ (od@k r[kw)f Edik if jH cm;tpd;k & .vufatmufcjH zpfo/l (od@k r[kw)f xdt k pd;k &.Edik if o H m;jzpfo/l (od@k r[kw)f xdt k pd;k &.vuf

tcef; (6) rJpm&if;ðypkjcif; 12? (u) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;aumufwifajr muf&ef rJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf qENrJ ay;ykid cf iG &hf o dS rl sm;. rJpm&if;ukd aumfr&Siu f ðypk&rnf? (c) rJpm&if;rsm;ðypkjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f I aumfr&Sio f nf aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;udk wm0efay;I aqmif &Guaf pEdik o f nf? 13? (u) TOya'ygjyXmef;csurf sm;ESiq hf ef@usiaf om Ekid if o H m;/ {nfEh ikd if o H m;/ Ekid if o H m;ðycGi&hf olwidk ;f onf rJqENe,fwe,fwiG af exkid o f v l nf;jzpfI a&G;aumufypJG wifusi;f yonfah e@wiG f touf wq,f&h pS Ef pS jf ynfo h v l nf;jzpfv#if &yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f au|;&Gmtkypf k aumfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG oufqidk &f mrJpm&if;Y xnfo h iG ;f azmfjy&rnf? (c) wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ Ekid if jH yifywGiaf &muf&adS eaom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf. oHtzG@J 0if rsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm; oH¶;Hk tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;/ ynmawmfoifrsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;/ ud, k pf m;vS,t f zG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;/ tpk;d &.cGiðhf ycsujf zifh Edik if jH yifywGiaf &muf&adS eolrsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;udk &yfuu G f (ok@d r[kw)f au|;&Gmtkypf k aumfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f oufqidk &f mrJpm&if;Y xnfo h iG ;f azmfjy&rnf? 14? (u) rJqENe,fwe,f. rJpm&if;wGif trnfyg0ifaomEkid if o H m;/ {nfEh idk if o H m;/ Ekid if o H m;ðycGi&hf olwidk ;f onf ,if;rJqENe,fwiG o f m qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS nf? (c) qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS w l OD;onf rJqENe,fwe,f.rJpm&if;rS tjcm;rJqENe,f.rJpm&if;od@k ckid v f Hk aomta=umif;jycsujf zifh trnfajymif;a&$ vkv d #if owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f oufqidk &f m aumfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd av#mufxm;Ekid o f nf/ (*) rJqENe,frsm;&Sd qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS l rnforl qkd oufqidk &f mrJqENe,f. rJpm&if;wtckrS ty tjcm;rJqENe,f.rJpm&if;rsm;Y wcsed w f nf;wGif trnfpm;&ifyg0ifjcif;r&Sad p&? 15? rJqENe,ftvku d f a&G;aumufyrJG usi;f yrD qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf &So d rl sm;. trnfpm&if;ukd owfrw S x f m;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

440

439

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

onft h wkid ;f óuw d ifa=unm&rnf? 16? (u) TOya't& qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS w l OD;onf oufqidk &f mrJpm&if;wGif rdrt d rnfyg0ifjcif;r&Sd v#if oufqidk &f m&yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f au|;&Gmtkypf ak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd rdrt d rnfxnfo h iG ;f ay; &ef owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f awmif;qkv d m$ ukw d ifoiG ;f Ekid o f nf? (c) oufqidk &f m&yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f au|;&Gmtkypf ak umfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG trnfxnfo h iG ;f ay;jcif; r&Scd @J v#if owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f òr d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd t,lccH iG &hf o dS nf? ,if;aumfr&Sif tzG@J c. JG qk;H jzwfcsuo f nf yk'rf (45) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;rSwyg; t+y;D jywfjzpfap&rnf? 17? (u) rJpm&if;wGif ,if;rJqENe,fY qENraJ y;ykid cf iG rhf &So d w l OD;. trnfyg0ifaea=umif; ,if;rJpm &if;Yyg0ifow l OD;u uef@uu G v f v dk #if oufqidk &f m &yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f au|;&Gmtkypf ak umfr&Sif tzG@J co JG @kd owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f uef@uu G v f m$ wifoiG ;f Edik o f nf? (c) oufqidk &f m&yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f au|;&Gmtkypf ak umfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG ,if;trnfukd rJpm&if;rS y,fzsuaf y;jcif;r&Scd v hJ #if owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f òr d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J o@kd t,lccH iG &hf o dS nf? ,if;aumfr&Sit f zG@J c. JG qk;H jzwfcsuo f nf yk'rf (45) ygjyXmef;csurf sm;rSwyg; t+y;D tjywfjzpf ap&rnf? (*) òr@d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J cYJG t,lcrH r_ +y;D jywfao;aomfvnf; rJpm&if;wGif trnfyg&+dS y;D jzpfaom oltm; rJray;&[krwm;jrpf&? ,if;tcGit hf a&;t& ay;+y;D jzpfaomqENro J nfvnf; w&m;0if jzpfap&rnf? 18? rJpm&if;wGiyf g0ifciG &hf v dS suEf iS hf yg0ifjcif;r&Sad =umif;awG@&v dS #if xkt d rnfrsm;udk aemufqufwrJG pJ m&if; wGif xnfo h iG ;f ay;jcif; (ok@d r[kw)f rJpm&if;wGiyf gciG rhf &Sb d yJ g0ifa=umif;awG@&v dS #if xkt d rnfrsm;udk rJpm&if;rS y,fzsuaf y;jcif;udk aumfr&SiEf iS ahf umfr&Sit f zG@J ct JG qifq h ifw h @dk u aqmif&u G &f rnf?

rdrd wifjyvdak om taxmuftxm;rsm;udk wifjycGi&hf o dS nf? (c) oufqikd &f m v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f xm;olonf a&G; aumufwifajrm ufcyH ikd cf iG rhf &Sad =umif;/ (od@k r[kw)f a&G;aumufwifajrm ufyikd cf iG hf t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph jkH cif;r&Sad =umif;udk a&G;aumufyw JG iG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS w l OD;OD;u vHak vmufaom taxmuftxm;rsm;wifjyI owfrw S x f m;onft h wdik ;f uef@uu G Ef ikd o f nf? 24? oufqikd &f m òr@d e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG nf owfrw S x f m;onft h wdik ;f pdppf+y;D aemuf atmufyg trde@f w&yf&yfukd csrw S Ef ik d o f nf æ (u) oufqikd &f m v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f xm;oltm; a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcyH ikd cf iG &hf o dS nfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf owfrw S af =unm jcif;? (c) oufqikd &f m v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f xm;oltm; a&G; aumufwifajrm ufcyH idk cf iG rhf &So d t l jzpf owfrw S af =unmjcif;? 25? yk'rf (24) t& csrw S o f nft h rde@f urkd auseyfoo l nf oufqikd &f m jynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wdik ;f aumf r&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd owfrw S x f m;onft h wdik ;f t,lccH iG &hf o dS nf? ,if;jynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wdik ;f aumfr&Sif tzG@J c. JG qH;k jzwfcsuo f nf yk'rf (45) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;rSwyg; t+y;D tjywfjzpfap&rnf? 26? a&G;aumufyt JG wGuf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f xm;olonf owfrw S x f m;onft h wdik ;f rdru d , dk u f jdk zpfap/ tjcm;olwOD;udjk zpfap rdr. d a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,f tjzpf cef@xm;&rnf? 27? (u) TOya't& v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcyH idk cf iG hf t&nftcsi;f ESihf jynfpo Hk u l o kd mv#if a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfcef@xm;&rnf? ,if;ok@d cef@xm;&mwGif xko d . l oabmwlncD sujf zifo h m cef@xm;&rnf/ (c) yk'rf cGJ (u) t& cef@xm;onfah &G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,f Ekwx f u G v f #ijf zpfap/ uG,v f eG v f #if jzpfap/ a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS ¶kyo f rd ;f cH&v#ijf zpfap v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f avmif;onf a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,f.tjzpf tjcm;olwOD;tm; xyfrcH ef@xm;Ekid o f nf?

tcef; (7) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; trnfpm&if;wifoGif;jcif; ESifh a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f cef@xm;jcif; 19? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid v f o dk w l OD;onf owfrw S f xm;onft h wkid ;f oufqidk &f mòrd@e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f &rnf? 20? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;wOD;onf wòydiw f nf; rJqENe,fwe,fxufyI kd trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f cGirhf &Sad p&? 21? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f xm;ol. trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f v$m onf owfrw S cf surf sm;ESin hf ! D w G jf cif; &Sd r&S/d vufc&H ef oifh roifu h kd owfrw S x f m;onft h wdik ;f oufqikd &f m òr@d e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG pdppf&rnf? 22? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f xm;olwOD;onf owfrw S x f m;onfh twkid ;f rdr. d trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f v$mudk ¶kyo f rd ;f cGi&hf o dS nf? 23? yk'rf (21) t& oufqikd &f m òr@d e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG pdppfonft h csed w f iG f æ (u) oufqikd &f m v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f xm;olonf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

441

tcef; (8) qENrJay;jcif;

28? aumfr&Sio f nf æ (u) a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udjk zpfEidk o f a&$ wòyid ef uf wae@wnf;usi;f y&rnf? (c) a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk jzpfEidk o f a&$ trsm;jynfow l @dk . tvkyyf w d &f ufwiG u f si;f y&rnf? (*) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yrnfah e&ufukd óuw d ifIowfrw S af =unm&rnf? 29? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk oufqikd &f mrJqENe,frsm;wGif aexkid =f uaom qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l rsm;u v#K d 0Suq f ENrjJ zifh wku d ¶f u kd af &G;aumufwifajrm uf&rnf? 30? aumfr&Sio f nf &yfuu G Ef iS ahf u|;&Gmtkypf t k vku d x f m;&Srd nfh rJ¶t Hk a&twGuu f kd qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS Ol ;D a&ESihf a'otajctaeudrk w l nfI oifah vsmo f vkd owfrw S Ef idk o f nf? (od@k r[kw)f jynfe,f (ok@d r[kw)f

442

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

wkid ;f aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;tm; wm0efay;tyfEidk o f nf? òr d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;tm; rJ¶aHk e&mrsm; owfrw S &f ef wm0efay;tyfEidk o f nf? 31? rJ¶rHk sm;udk trsm;jynfow l @dk tvG,w f ulvma&mufqENraJ y;Ekid af omae&mrsm;Y v#K d 0Suq f ENraJ y;r_ udk rxdcu kd af p&ef vkðH cpH mG pDpOfxm;&S&d rnf? rJ¶rHk sm;wnf&o dS nfah e&mudk trsm;jynfow l @dk o&d adS p&ef óudwifa=unm&rnf? 32? rJqENe,ftoD;oD;&Srd ¶J rHk sm;udk }u;D =uyfuu G u f &J ef oufqidk &f mòr@d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG æ (u) 0efxrf;rsm;xJrS oifah vsmo f rl sm;udk rJ¶rHk ; rsm;tjzpfcef@tyf&rnf? (c) rJ¶t Hk zG@J rsm;udk jzpfEidk o f a&$@ 0efxrf;rsm;ESihf a'ocHtrsm;jynfow l @kd . ,k=H unfav;pm;jcif; cH&aomEkid if o H m;/ {nfEh idk if o H m; (od@k r[kw)f Ekid if o H m;ðycGi&hf olrsm;jzifh owfrw S x f m;onfh twkid ;f zG@J pnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf? (*) rJ¶t Hk zG@J rsm;ESihf rJ¶rHk ; rsm;. wm0efEiS v hf yk yf idk cf iG rhf sm;udk enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrw S af y;&rnf? 33? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfah e@wiG f rdrad &G;aumufwifajrm ufcrH nfh rJqENe,ftwGi;f &Sd rJ¶t Hk oD;oD;Y rdru d , kd pf m;aqmif&u G Ef idk &f ef v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;toD;oD;onf rJ¶u Hk , kd pf m;vS,w f OD;ESihf tulu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;pDukd owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f cef@xm;Ekid o f nf? ,if;rJ¶u Hk , dk pf m;vS,Ef iS hf tulu, dk pf m;vS,w f @dk onf qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS rl sm; jzpfap&rnf? 34? (u) rJqENe,fwe,fwiG f a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcrH nfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; wOD;wnf; om&Sv d #if ,if;rJqENe,ftwGi;f a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;rðyawmhbJ xkyd *k K~d vftm; v$waf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; aumfr&Siu f a=unm&rnf? (c) rJqENe,fwe,fwiG f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; wOD;xufyI kd &Scd v hJ #if rJyk;H ESihf qENrv J uf rSwrf sm;ukd enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f ðyvkypf pD OfI qENraJ y;ap&rnf? 35? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfah e@wiG f rJ¶rHk sm;udk eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (4) em&Dtxd zGiv hf pS x f m;&rnf? od@k &mwGif qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS t l m;vk;H qENraJ y;+y;D ygu rJ¶rHk sm;ukd nae (4) em&DxufapmI ydwEf idk f onf? 36? qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS rl sm;onf oufqidk &f mrJ¶t Hk oD;oD;Y qENrv J ufrw S rf sm;udk ud, k w f idk v f ma&muf xkw, f &l rnf? oufqidk &f mrJyk;H twGi;f od@k ,if;qENrv J ufrw S u f kd ud, k w f idk x f nf&h rnf? rnforl # ud, k pf m; vS,af pv$wI f qENraJ y;jcif;rðy&? 37? qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS w l OD;onf a&G;aumufyw JG ckwiG f æ (u) qENrw J rJom ay;ydik cf iG &hf o dS nf? (c) w}urd x f ufyI kd qENraJ y;ykid cf iG rhf &Sad p&? 38? (u) oufqidk &f mrJqENe,fjyifyod@k a&mufaeaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm;/ oifwef; om;rsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm;/ tcsKyfcaH e&olrsm;/ aq¶k&H t dS wGi;f vlemrsm;onf óuw d ifqENrv J ufrw S f jzifh oufqifdk &f mrJqENe,ftwGuf qENraJ y;Ekifd &f ef oufqidk &f m òr d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J u pDpOfay; &rnf? (c) qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS w l OD;onf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfah e@wiG f rdrt d rnfpm&if;yg0ifaom rJqEN e,fraS usmv f eG I f c&D;a0;oGm;vm&ef&v dS #if óuw d ifqENrv J ufrw S jf zifh qENraJ y;ekid &f ef oufqidk f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

443

&m&yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkypf ak umfr&Sit f zG@J cu GJ pDpOfay;&rnf? (*) rJqENe,ftwGi;f &Sad omfvnf; atmufygta=umif;wckcak =umifh rJ¶o Hk @kd ud, k w f ifdk v f ma&muf qENrrJ ay;Ekid o f rl sm;onf qENraJ y;vkv d #if óuw d ifqENrv J ufrw S jf zifh qENraJ y;Ekid &f ef owfrw S f xm;onft h wdik ;f oufqidk &f m&yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkypf k aumfr&Sit f zG@J cu JG pDpOfay;& rnf æ (1) tem}uD;a&m*gpu JG yfaejcif;/ (2) a&m*ga0'emjyif;xefpmG cHpm;ae&jcif;/ (3) touft&G,}f uD;&ifah ejcif;/ (4) aetdrw f iG rf ;D zGm;aejcif;/ (5) &JtcsKyfpcef; (od@k r[kw)f tusO;f pcef;wGif tcsKyfcaH e&jcif;/ (6) aq;¶kYH twGi;f vlemtjzpf aq;0g;ukor_c, H al e&jcif;/ (7) 0efxrf; (od@k r[kw)f wyfawmfom; (od@k r[kw)f &Jwyfz@JG 0ifwOD;onf rJpm&if;yg&&dS ma'orS ausmv f eG I f oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmif&jcif;? (C) óuw d ifqENrv J ufrw S f (od@k r[kw)f qENrv J ufrw S w f iG f rdru d , kd w f idk af &;oGi;f &ef tcuftcJ&dS olrsm;twGuf qENðy&rnfeh nf;vrf;udk enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrw S af y;&rnf? 39? (u) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonft h csed Yf Ekid if jH yifywGiaf &muf&adS eaom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf. oHtzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;/ oH¶;Hk tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;/ ynmawmfoif rsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;/ ud, k pf m;vS,t f zG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;/ tpk;d &.cGiðhf ycsuf jzifh Ekid if jH yifywGiaf &muf&adS eaomolrsm;ESihf tdraf xmifp0k ifrsm;u oufqidk &f mrJqENe,frsm; twGuf óuw d ifIqENraJ y;Ekid &f ef aumfr&Siu f pDpOfay;&rnf? (c) Ekid if jH yifywGiaf &muf&adS eaom qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS rl sm;u óuw d ifIqENraJ y;Ekifd af &;twGuf jynf axmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmftpd;k &/ Ekid if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeu wm0ef,q l ufo, G f aqmif&u G af y; &rnf? tcef; (9) qENrJa&wGufjcif;ESifh twnfðya=unmjcif; 40? (u) &yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkypf ak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG nf rdrEd iS o hf ufqidk af om rJ¶t Hk oD;oD;ESihf ywfoufonfh yk'rf 38 yk'rf cGJ (c) ESihf (*) wd@k t& qENðyxm;aom óuw d ifqENrv J ufrw S rf sm;ESihf trnfpm&if;rsm;ukd a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yaomae@wiG f rJ¶rHk zGirhf D oufqidk &f mrJ¶rHk ; .vuf0,fo@kd ta&mufay;yk@d &rnf? (c) oufqidk &f mrJqENe,ftvku d f qENrv J ufrw S rf sm;udk qENraJ y;jcif; +y;D jywfv#i+f y;D jywfcsi;f rJ¶rHk ; ud, k w f ifdk jf zpfap/ ,if;uwm0efay;tyfaom rJ¶t Hk zG@J 0ifujzpfap rJ¶w Hk iG yf if rJ¶t Hk zG@J 0ifrsm;/ trsm; jynfolrsm;/ rJ¶kHudk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&S arSmufY a&wGuf&rnf? qENrJrsm; a&wGuf&mwGif ckifd v f aHk omqENrEJ iS hf rckid v f aHk omqENrrJ sm;udk enf;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nDcjJG cm;I a&wGu&f rnf?

444

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&wGu&f &Sad omtqENrt J a&twGuu f kd owfrw S o f nft h wdik ;f pm&if;ðypk+y;D qENrpJ m&if;Z,m; rsm;ukd òr@d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd ay;yd@k &rnf? rdwLW wapmifukd &yfuu G f od@k r[kwf aus;&Gmtkypf k aumfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd ay;yd@k &rnf? (*) &yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkypf ak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG nf rdred ,fajrtwGi;f &Sd rJ¶rHk ; rsm;u owf rSwx f m;onft h wkid ;f ðypkxm;aomqENrpJ m&if;Z,m;rsm;udk òr d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd tcsed rf D a&muf&adS p&ef tjrefq;Hk ay;yd@k a&;twGuf vkt d yfovk}d u;D =uyfaqmif&u G &f rnf? (C) òr@d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;onf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfah e@ nae (4) em&Drwdik rf D rdrv d uf 0,fo@kd a&muf&adS eaom yk'rf 38 yk'rf cGJ (u) ESihf yk'rf 39 yk'rf cGJ (u)wk@d t& qENðyxm;onfh óuw d ifqENrv J ufrw S rf sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm; (od@k r[kw)f ,if;wd@k . a&G; aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf trsm;jynfoal &S arSmufYa&wGu+f yD; oufqikd &f mqENrpJ m&if; Z,m;rsm;udk owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f we,fpt D wGuf aygi;f ¶k;H pkpnf;& rnf? 41? (u) òr d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J co JG nf rJqENe,fwe,fwiG f a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcrH nfh v$waf wmf ud, k f pm;vS,af vmif; wOD;xufyI kd &Scd v hJ #if ,if;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;toD;oD;&&Sad om qENrt J a&twGuu f kd a=unm&rnf? qENrt J rsm;qk;H &&So d u l kd a&G;aumufwifajr mufc&H ol tjzpf aumfr&Siu f owfrw S af =unmEkid &f efvnf;aumif;/ qENrt J a&twGuw f n l aD ev#if a&G; aumufyx JG yfru H si;f yEkid af &;twGuv f nf;aumif; òr@d e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd tjrefq;Hk wifjy &rnf? (c) òr@d e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J c. JG yk'rf cGJ (u) t& wifjycsuu f &kd &Sv d #if òr@d e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG nf rdrw d @dk .oabmxm;rSwcf suEf iS t hf wl aumfr&Sio f @kd tjrefq;Hk qufvufwifjy&rnf? rdwLW w apmifukd jynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wkid ;f aumfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd wifjy&rnf? (*) aumfr&Sio f nf òrd@e,faumfr&Sit f zG@J c. JG yk'rf cGJ (c) ESit hf nD ay;yd@k onfph m&if;rsm;t& a&G; aumufwifajr mufc&H olukd a=unm&rnf? qENrt J a&twGuw f n l aD ea=umif; yk'rf cGJ (u) t&wifjyvmv#if a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;ya&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I aumfr&Sifu!$ef=um;onfh twkid ;f òr@d e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG nf enf;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G af y;&rnf? trsm;qk;H &&Sdaom qENrJta&twGufwlnDaeojzifh a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;yay;&efjzpfv#if xkd qENrw J n l aD eolrsm;omv#if ,SOòf ydiaf &G;aumufwifajr mufcyH ikd cf iG &hf o dS nf?

a&$@qdkif;Edkifonf? (*) v$waf wmfrq J ENe,fwe,fwiG yf g0ifaom tcsK d a'orsm;Y a&G;aumufyrJG sm;usi;f y&ef tajc tae&S+d yD;/ tcsKd @a'orsm;Y a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&ef tajctaer&Sv d #if a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&ef tajctae&Sad oma'orsm;Y a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&ef tajctaer&Sad oma'orsm;Y a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yjcif;rðy&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJ¶rkH sm;udk vHðk cH r_&adS om ae&mrsm;od@k ajymif;a&$ usi;f y&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qH;k jzwfEikd o f nf? od@k &mwGif rJpm&if; t& rJqEN&iS t f m;vH;k . (51) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f u qENraJ y;+y;D jzpfv#if xajrmufaom a&G;aumufyt JG jzpf owfrw S Ef ikd o f nf? vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&efrjzpfEikd [ f k aumfr&Siu f ,lq v#if ,if;rJqENe,fwe,fv;kH .a&G;aumufyu JG kd a&$ qdik ;f Edik o f nf? 43? a&G;aumufyrJG sm;a&$ qdik ;f jcif;/ rJ¶rkH sm;udk vHðk crH &_ adS omae&mrsm;od@k ajymif;a&$ usi;f yjcif;ESiphf yfv#O;f onfv h yk yf ikd cf iG u hf kd aumfr&Siu f aumfr&Sit f zG@J ct JG oD;oD;od@k oifah v#mo f vdk v$t J yfEikd o f nf? 44? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; wOD;om&So d nf/h rJqENe,fwe,fwiG f a&G;aumufyrJG usi;f yrD/ ,if; v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; uG,v f eG v f #ijf zpfap/ a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcyH ikd cf iG rhf &Sad =umif; awG@&dS v#ijf zpfap ,if;rJqENe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;ESiphf yfv#O;f I v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f avmif;trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onft h qifrh pS I jyefvnfaqmif&u G &f rnf? 45? a&G;aumufyu JG pd t P wGuf aumfr&Sit f zG@J ct JG oD;oD;. a&G;aumufyq JG ikd &f maqmif&u G cf su/f qH;k jzwf csurf sm;ESiphf yfv#O;f I aumfr&Sio f nf rdr. d oabmqENtav#muf oufqikd &f mtr_w/JG pm&Guf pmwrf;rsm;udk awmif;ac:=unf¶h I _ vdt k yfovdt k qH;k tjzwfcsrw S Ef ikd o f nf? ,if;qH;k jzwfcsuo f nf t+y;D tjywfjzpfap&rnf? 46? aumfr&Sio f nf vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyu JG kd atmifjrifpmG usi;f yEdik af &;twGuf vdt k yfovdk aqmif&u G Ef ikd o f nf?

tcef; (10) aumfr&Sif.vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;

tcef; (11) a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh ukefusp&dwfrsm; 47? a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,o f nf oufqikd &f ma&G;aumufyt JG wGuf a&G;aumufyq JG idk &f mukeu f sp&dwf rsm;udk owfrw S x f m;onft h wkid ;f pepfwusxed ;f odr;f xm;&S&d rnf? ,if;ukeu f sp&dwpf m&if;ukd owf rSwx f m;onfeh nf;vrf;ESit hf nD oufqidk &f m òr@d e,fpak umfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd wifjy&rnf? 48? a&G;aumufyt JG wGuf ukeu f sp&dwt f rsm;qk;H E_e;f xm;onfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyEJG iS phf yfvsO;f I v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;twGuf tca=u;aiGjzifah qmif&u G o f Ol ;D a&onfvnf;aumif;/ enf; Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrw S o f nft h wkid ;f jzpfonf?

42? aumfr&Sifonf æ (u) obm0ab;tE &W m,fwckcak =umifh a&G;aumufyrJG usi;f yEdik af om rJqENe,frsm;wGif ,if; ab;tE &W m,fuif;&Si;f +yD;onftxd/ a&G;aumufyu JG akd &$ qdik ;f Edik o f nf? (c) rJqENe,fwe,fY a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf rJpm&if;ðypk&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENraJ y;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ vHðk crH t _ ajctaer&Sv d #if ,if;rJqENe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufyu JG kd

tcef; (12) a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m jypfr_rsm;ESifh jypf'%frsm; 49? (u) a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif yk*Kd~ vfwOD;. qENraJ y;ykid cf iG Ehf iS hf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcyH ikd cf iG w hf @dk ukd usihf ok;H jcif;rðyEkid af p&ef t=urf;zufjcif;/ +crd ;f ajcmufjcif;/ ravsm=f oZmok;H jcif;/ vdrv f nfvn S jhf zm;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

446

445

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jcif;/ vmbfay;jcif; (od@k r[kw)f vmbf,jl cif;wk@d ukd rnforl #rðy&/ (c) rnforl qkd yk'rf cGJ (u) yg wm;jrpfcsuw f ckcu k kd azmufzsuu f sL;vGejf cif;a=umifh jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fwESpt f xdjzpfap/ usyEf pS af xmiftxdaiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%f ESp&f yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscaH p&rnf? 50? rnforl # atmufygwm;jrpfcsuw f &yf&yfukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGejf cif;rðy&/ azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf =umif; jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fwESpt f xdjzpfap/ usyEf pS af xmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%fEpS &f yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscaH p&rnf æ (u) a&G;aumufrq _ idk &f mtcGit hf a&;udk rw&m;ojzif&h &Sad p&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;tcGihf ta&;ud&k &Scd jhJ cif;twGuf aus;Zl;wk@H jyefonft h aejzifah omfvnf;aumif;/ aiG/ ukeyf pPn;f / tpm; taomuf/ &mxl;/ tvkyt f udik af e&majymif;a&$ r_ponfh enf;vrf;wckcu k kd tok;H ðyvsuf vmbfay;jcif;/ vmbf,jl cif;/ (c) a&G;aumufrq _ idk &f mtcGit hf a&;udk vGwv f yfpmG rusio hf ;Hk Ekid af p&ef v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; vS,af vmif;wOD;OD;ukad omfvnf;aumif;/ qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS w l OD;OD;udak omfvnf;aumif;/ +crd ;f ajcmufjcif;/ (*) vlrsK;d a&;udjk zpfap/ bmoma&;udjk zpfap ta=umif;jyI qENraJ y;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrrJ ay;&efaomfvnf;aumif; ajymqkjd cif;/ a[majymjcif;/ a=unmcsux f w k jf yefjcif;ESihf ,if; od@k ðyvky&f eftm;ay;v_@H aqmfjcif;/ (C) qENraJ y;jcif;udyk sujf ym;ap&ef v_@H aqmfajym=um;jcif;/ pnf;a0;a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ jzef@csjd cif;/ ydpk wmrsm;tok;H ðyjcif;? 51? rnforl # atmufygwm;jrpfcsuw f &yf&yfukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGejf cif; od@k r[kwf tjcm;olwOD;OD;tm; azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf p&ef tm;ay;ulnjD cif;rðy&/ azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf =umif; (od@k r[kw)f azmufzsuf usL;vGe&f eftm;ay;ulnaD =umif; jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if xko d t l m; axmif'%f (6) vtxd jzpfap/ usyfwaxmiftxd aiG'%fujdk zpfap/ jypf'%fEpS &f yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscaH p&rnf æ (u) aumfr&SiEf iS hf aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;u xkwjf yefxm;aom pm&if;/ ta=umif;=um;pm (od@k r [kwf) tjcm;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ukd r¶kd;ajzmifhaomoabmjzifh zwfr&atmifðyvkyfjcif;/ (od@k r[kw)f zsuq f ;D jcif;/ (c) rJpm&if;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJvufrSwfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ pmwkdufrSwqifh ay;yd@k &mwGif tok;H ðyaom pmtdwf (od@k r[kw)f txkyu f akd omfvnf;aumif;/ vdrv f nfvn S jhf zm; vkad omoabmjzifh zsuq f ;D jcif; (od@k r[kw)f ,if;wd@k wiG f a&;oGi;f xm;csurf sm;udk zwfr&atmif ðyvkyjf cif;/ (*) qENrv J ufrw S u f kd rormaomenf;jzifh tjcm;olwOD;tm; ay;jcif;/ (C) xnfch iG &hf adS om qENrv J ufrw S rf t S y tjcm;ypPn;f wckcu k kd rJy;kH twGi;f od@k xnfo h iG ;f jcif;/ (i) tok;H ðyqJjzpfaom rJy;kH udak omfvnf;aumif;/ qENrv J ufrw S u f akd omfvnf;aumif; tcGihf tm%mr&SdbJ zGifhvSpfjcif; (odk@r[kwf) zsufqD;jcif;/ (p) a&G;aumufyw JG iG f rJqENe,fwe,fxufyakd om rJqENe,frsm;twGuf qENraJ y;jcif;/

(q) a&G;aumufyw JG ckcw k iG f rJqENe,fwe,ftwGuf w}urd x f ufyI kd qENraJ y;jcif;/ (Z) olwyg;[efaqmifI qENrv J ufrw S u f kd vma&mufawmif;qkjd cif;/ qENraJ y;jcif;/ (ps) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yaepOf rJ¶t Hk wGi;f od@k 0ifciG rhf &Sb d J 0ifa&mufjcif;/ (n) twkðyvkyx f m;aom qENrv J ufrw S w f pfcck u k jkd zpfap/ trsm;ukjd zpfap rJy;Hk twGi;f od@k xnfh oGi;f jcif;? 52? rnforl qkd a&G;aaumufyu JG si;f yonfah e@wiG f qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS w l OD;OD;udk qENrrJ ay;Ekid af tmif aESmif, h u S af =umif;/ (od@k r[kw)f aESmif, h u S &f eftm;ay;ulnaD =umif;/ jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usyw f axmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%fEpS &f yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscH ap&rnf? 53? (u) rnforl # rJay;onfah e@wiG f rJ¶t Hk wGi;f Yjzpfap/ rJ¶rHk u S u kd w f &mtuGmtwGi;f Yjzpfap atmufyg wckcu k kd rðyvky&f æ (1) rJq, G jf cif;/ (2) rJqEN&iS w f OD;OD;tm; v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;wOD;OD;udk rJay;&efawmif;qkjd cif;/ (3) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmifwOD;OD;udk rJray;&efaomfvnfaumif;/ a&G;aumufyYJG rJay; &efaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJray;bJae&efaomfvnf;aumif; wku d w f eG ;f aoG;aqmifjcif;? &Sif;vif;csuf? ? Tyk'rf ygupd t P vk@d imS rJ¶rHk w S yg; tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif a&G;aumufyEJG iS hf oufqikd o f nfh a=umfjim/ pm&Gupf mwrf; ponfw@dk uyfxm;jcif;/ csw d q f JG xm;jcif; ryg0if? (c) rnforl qkd yk'rf cGJ (u) ygwm;jrpfcsuw f &yf&yfukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf =umif; jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usyw f axmiftxd aiG'%fjzpfap/ jypf'%fEpS &f yf vk;H ukjd zpfap uscaH p&rnf? 54? aumfr&Sit f zG@J ct JG qifq h ift h ygt0if a&G;aumufyEJG iS o hf ufqikd o f nfh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk xrf; aqmifaomyk*Kd~ vfonf atmufygjyXmef;csurf sm;udk vdu k ef maqmif&u G &f rnf? ,if;jyXmef;csuf w&yf&yfukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf =umif;/ jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usyw f axmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%f (2) &yfv;kH udjk zpfap uscaH p&rnf æ (u) a&G;aumufyrJG sm;ESio hf ufqikd af om pm&if;Z,m;ESihf rSww f rf;rsm;udk wduspmG ðypk xde;f odr;f jcif;? (c) v#K d 0Suq f ENraJ y;jcif;udk ulnaD pmifah &Smufjcif;? (*) aumfr&Sifu xkwfjyefcGifhðyaom pm&if;tcsuftvufrsm;rSwyg; tjcm;udpPrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f I aygu=f um;jcif;r&Sad p&ef apmifx h ed ;f jcif;? (C) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wOD;OD;twGuf rSefrSefuefuef aqmif&u G jf cif;/ rnfonfv h w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;twGurf # rJrqG,jf cif;/ bufrvdu k f jcif;? 55? (u) rJqENe,ftwGi;f qENraJ y;onfah e@wiG f bmoma&;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfu h pd rP t S y rnforl # trsm; jynfow l ufa&mufEidk af om tpnf;ta0;zdwaf c: jcif;/ usi;f yjcif;rðy&? ,if;uJo h @kd tpnf;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

448

447

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ta0;rsK;d udv k nf; wufa&mufjcif;rðy&? (c) rnforl qkd yk'rf cGJ (u) ygwm;jrpfcsuu f kd azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf =umif; jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH& v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usyw f axmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%fEpS &f yfv;Hk udk jzpfap uscaH p&rnf? 56? (u) rnforl # qENraJ y;onfah e@wiG f qENraJ y;&efvma&muforl sm; pdwòf ijd iifap&ef (od@k r[kw)f rJ¶w Hk iG f wm0efusaom rJ¶rHk ; ESirhf ¶J t Hk zG@J 0ifrsm; 0wW&m;aqmif&u G jf cif;udk taESmift h ,Sujf zpfap&ef rJ¶t Hk wGi;f Yjzpfap/ rJ¶rHk u S u kd if g;&mtwGi;f Yjzpfap/ toHcs J puftp&Sad om vl.toHudk us,f atmifðyvkyo f nfh ud&, d mwefqmok;H pGjJ cif;/ atmf[pfjcif;tp&Sad om pnf;urf;rJo h nft h ðytrl rsm;rðy&/ (c) rnforl qkd yk'rf cGJ (u) yg wm;jrpfcsuw f ckcu k kd azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf =umif; jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usyw f axmiftxdaiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf'%f ESp&f yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscaH p&rnf? 57? (u) rnforl qkd rJ¶w Hk iG q f ENraJ y;&ef owfrw S x f m;aomtcsed ef m&DtwGi;f rJ¶YHk rzG,rf &maom tr_uðkd yv#if (od@k r[kw)f rJ¶rHk ; u rdr. d wm0ef0wW&m;t& ay;onft h rde@f ukd remcHv#if xko d u l kd rJ¶rHk ; . trde@f jzifah omfvnf;aumif;/ rJ¶rHk ; .tcGit hf m%m& rJ¶t Hk zG@J 0ifwOD;. trde@f jzifah omf vnf;aumif; wm0efus jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG 0if (ok@d r[kw)f tjcm;vkðH caH &;wm0ef&o dS u l rJ¶rHk zS ,f &Sm;ypf&rnf? (c) rJ¶kHrSz,f&Sm;jcif;cH&olonf rJ¶kHr ;.cGifhðycsufr&&SdbJ rJ¶kHokd@jyef0ifvmjcif;a=umifh jypfr_xif &Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usyw f axmiftxd aiG'%fujkd zpfap/ jypf '%fEpS &f yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscaH p&rnf? 58? yk'rf 54 t& jypf'%fxu dk af omjypfru _ kd aumfr&Sif (od@k r[kw)f aumfr&Sirf &Sad wmhv#if tpd;k &. cGiðhf yrde@f (od@k r[kw)f Tudpt P vk@d imS tpd;k &u tcGit hf m%mv$t J yfxm;onfyh *k Kd~ vf. cGiðhf yrde@f &&Srd S om w&m;pGq J &dk rnf? 59? rnforl qdk a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;qkid &f m jypfrr_ sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I vdrv f nfpyG pf w JG ifdk w f ef;a=umif; jypfrx _ if;&SmpD&ifjcif;cHv#if xko d u l dk axmif'%f (6) vtxdjzpfap/ usyw f axmiftxd aiG'%fukd jzpfap/ jypf'%fEpS &f yfv;Hk udjk zpfap uscaH p&rnf? 60? wOD;wa,mufaomolonf TOya'wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh jypfrw _ ckcu k kd usL;vGeo f nf (od@k r[kw)f usL;vGeq f jJ zpfonfuakd wG@&v dS #if rJ¶rHk ; onf xko d u l zkd rf;qD;&ef wm0efusjynfo@l &w J yfz@JG 0if (od@k r[kw)f tjcm;vkðH caH &;wm0ef&o dS t l m; trde@f ay;Ekid o f nf? 61? a&G;aumufyrJG q _ idk &f m jypfrr_ sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I oufqidk &f mrJqENe,fwiG f rJqENay;ykid cf iG &hf o dS l wOD;OD; ujzpfap/ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (od@k r[kw)f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f wOD;OD;ujzpfap/ rJqENe,ftwGuf wm0ef,al qmif&u G &f aom aumfr&Sit f zG@J co JG @kd r[kwf rJ¶t Hk zG@J wckcw k iG yf g0ifaom tzG@J 0ifwOD;OD;ujzpfap oufaotaxmuftxm;ckid v f pHk mG jzifh a&G;aumufyrJG usi;f yrDaomfvnf; aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaepOfaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@rS (15) &uftwGif; aomfvnf;aumif; oufqkdif&mòrd@e,fw&m;¶kH;odk@ av#mufxm;pGJqkdEdkifonf?

tcef; (13) w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm; 62? atmufygw@kd onf w&m;rJðh yusirhf r_ sm;jzpfonf æ (u) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;ujzpfap/ ,if;.a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,u f jzpfap/ ,if; wd@k wOD;OD;. oabmwlncD sujf zifh tjcm;olwOD;OD;ujzpfap/ atmufygjypfrr_ sm;udk usL;vGef jcif; æ (1) vmbfay;vmbf,rl _ ðyvkyjf cif;? (2) a&G;aumufrq _ ikd &f mtcGit hf a&;udk taESmift h ,Suðf yvkyjf cif;? (3) olwyg;[efaqmifjcif;? (4) r[kwrf rSef ajymqdak =unmjcif;? (5) r[kwrf rSef 0efcv H ufrw S af &;xd;k jcif;? (c) rJqENe,fwe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGifw}udrfxufydkI qENrJay;jcif; (odk@r[kwf) a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk wcsed w f nf;usi;f ypOf we,fxufyakd om rJqENe,frsm;twGuf qENraJ y; jcif;jzifh rdrv d v dk m;aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tm; tusK;d &Sad pjcif;/ (*) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,u f aomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;.a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,u f aomf vnf;aumif; a&G;aumufyEJG iS phf yfvsO;f I owfrw S cf suEf iS rhf nDbJ aiGurkd w&m;tukecf jH cif; (od@k r [kw)f rw&m;tukecf &H ef oabmwlnjD cif;/ (C) a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f sp&dwaf iGpm&if;rsm;ukd a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,u f a&;rSwx f m;&ef ysuu f u G jf cif;/ (i) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (od@k r[kw)f ,if;. a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,. f oabm wlncD sujf zifh wOD;wa,mufaomolu qENraJ y;csed w f iG f rJ¶rHk q S ENrv J ufrw S u f kd tjcm;ok@d ,l aqmifomG ;jcif;/ (p) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (od@k r[kw)f ,if;.a&G;aumufyu GJ , dk pf m;vS,. f wku d w f eG ;f csujf zifah omfvnf;aumif;/ oabmwlncD sujf zifah omfvnf;aumif; atmufygw@kd udk usL;vGef jcif;/ (1) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf yg0if&ef (od@k r[kw)f ryg0ifbaJ e&ef (od@k r[kw)f v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G &f ef&nf&, G cf sujf zifah omf vnf;aumif;/aus;Zl;wk@H jyefcsujf zifah omfvnf;aumif;wOD; wa,mufaom olu vmbfvmbvufcjH cif; (od@k r[kw)f vmbfvmbvufc&H ef oabm wljcif;/ (2) qENraJ y;&ef (od@k r[kw)f qENrrJ ay;bJae&ef rJqEN&iS w f OD;OD;udk aoG;aqmif &efjzpfap/ aoG;aqmifvo dk jzift h m;xkw&f efjzpfap wOD;wa,mufou l rdrd twGuf (od@k r[kw)f olwyg;twGuf vmbfvmb vufc&H efoabmwljcif;? (q) rrSerf uefðyvkyx f m;aom a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f sp&dwaf iGpm&if;udk wifjyjcif; (ok@d r[kw)f xku d o hJ @kd a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f sp&dwaf iGpm&if;ukd rSeu f efonf[k 0efcjH cif; (od@k r[kw)f owfrw S f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

450

449

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

xm;onft h wkid ;f wifoiG ;f &efysuu f u G jf cif;/ (Z) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;r[kwaf om (od@k r[kw)f ,if;.a&G;aumufyJG ud, k pf m;vS,f r[kwaf om tjcm;olwOD;OD;u ,if;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;. cGiðhf ycsurf &Sb d J v$wf awmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H atmifjzpfap/ a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H atmiftm;ay;vkdaoma=umifhjzpfap/ tpnf;ta0;usif;yIaomfvnf;aumif;/ pm&Guf pmwrf;rsm;a0iSIaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;wenf;enf;jzifhaomfvnfaumif; aiGtukef tuscjH cif; (od@k r[kw)f ukeu f s&ef cGiðhf yjcif;/ (ps) ykEH ydS o f /l xkwaf 0olw@dk . trnfae&yfryg&adS om a&G;aumufyEJG iS o hf ufqidk o f nfh a=umfjim/ pm&Gupf mwrf;/ ykpd wm ponfw@dk ukd jzef@csx d w k af 0jcif;jzifh rdrv d v dk m;aom v$waf wmfu, dk pf m; vS,af vmif;tm; tusK;d &Sad pjcif;/ (n) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (od@k r[kw)f ,if;.a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,u f jzpfap/ ,if;wdk@wOD;OD;. oabmwlnDcsuft& tjcm;olwOD;ujzpfap v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f avmif;wOD; a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H a&;twGuf tultnDudk 0efxrf;wOD;OD;xHr&S ,ljcif;/ t&,l&eftm;ay;ulnjD cif; (od@k r[kw)f &,l&ef tm;xkwjf cif;/ (Ë) v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;wOD; a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H a&;twGuf bmoma&;t xdr;f trSwrf sm;ukd a&G;aumufyw JG iG t f ok;H ðyjcif; (od@k r[kw)f vlrsK;d ukjd zpfap/ ud;k uG,&f mbmom ukjd zpfap ta=umif;ðyrJay;=u&ef (od@k r[kw)f rJray;bJae=u&ef tpDtpOfðyvsuf v_@H aqmfjcif;/ (X) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;wOD; a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H a&;twGuf ygww D ckcu k kd jzpfap/ yk*Kd~ vfwOD;OD;jzpfap t=urf;zufjcif;/ rrSerf uefpyG pf jJG cif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ trsm;jynfol qlyrl j_ zpfatmifzefw;D jcif;? tcef; (14) a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&jcif;ESifhpyfv#Of;I uef@uGufcsufrsm;udk tqHk;tjzwfay;jcif; 63? a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H jcif;udk uef@uu G v f ykd gu Ttcef;&Sd jyÏmef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD wifoiG ;f aom a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mjzifh uef@uGuf&rnf? 64? (u) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufc&H oltm;uef@uu G af om a&G;aumuf yGu J ef@uu G v f m$ udk rnfonfv h w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;urqkd (od@k r[kw)f rnfonfh rJqEN &Siu f rqkd yk'rf 45 t& aumfr&Siu f qk;H jzwf+y;D onfu h pd &P yfrsm;rSty ESpo f uf&mta=umif;jyI tpdk;&u,if;udpPtvkd@iSmcef@xm;aomyk*~dKvfxHodk@ owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; wifoGif; av#mufxm;Ekid o f nf/ (c) av#mufxm;olonf rdr. d uef@uu G v f m$ wGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwif ajr mufc&H oltm;uef@uu G Ef idk o f nf? rdro d mv#if rJtrsm;qk;H &I a&G;aumufwifajr mufc&H ol jzpfonf[ka=unmap&ef awmif;qkdvkdygu atmufygta=umif;jycsufw&yf&yfudk tajccH &rnf æ

(1) av#mufxm;olomv#if ckdfifvkHaomrJtrsm;qkH;&onfrSm trSefjzpfonf[laomt a=umif;jycsu/f (2) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H ol &&Sad omrJrsm;wGif w&m;rJh ðyusirhf a_ =umif&h &Sad om rJrsK;d ryg&cdS ahJ omf av#mufxm;olonf ckid v f aHk omrJtrsm;qk;H udk &Ekid o f nf[al om ta=umif;jycsu?f 65? (u) tpd;k &tzG@J onf a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ rsm;udk ppfaq;&ef tzG@J 0if (3) OD;pDyg0ifaom a&G; aumufycJG t Hk zG@J rsm;udk Oya'ynm&Sirf sm;/ oifah vsmaf omEkid if o H m;rsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf/ (c) a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J 0ifrsm;twGuf cs;D jri ahf iGonf tpd;k &tzG@J u owfrw S af y;onft h wkid ;f jzpfap& rnf/ (*) a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J . vkyif ef;qkid &f mukeu f sp&dwrf sm;ukd w&m;¶k;H csKyfu usc&H rnf/ (C) a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J twGuf ae&mxkid cf if;ESihf ,if;tzG@J .vkyif ef;rsm;twGuf vkt d yfaom 0ef xrf;rsm;udk w&m;¶k;H csKyfu pDpOfaqmif&u G af y;&rnf/ (i) a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh ta&;,laqmif&u G &f ef&adS om udpt P m;vk;H ukd a&G; aumufycJG t Hk zG@J rsm;u pDraH qmif&u G &f rnf/ (p) rJqENe,fwe,fwiG u f si;f yaom a&G;aumufyEJG iS phf yfvsO;f I a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ wapmif xufy+dk y;D wifoiG ;f v#if tpk;d &tzG@J ucef@xm;aomyk*Kd~ vfonf xku d ef@uu G v f m$ tm;vk;H ukd a&G; aumufycJG w Hk zG@J wnf;od@k om v$t J yf&rnf? xkcd t Hk zG@J onf xku d ef@uu G v f m$ rsm;udk cGI J jzpfap/ aygi;f Ijzpfap rdrw d @dk oabmtwkid ;f pkpH rf;ppfaq;Ekid o f nf/ (q) cef@xm;+y;D jzpfaom a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J 0ifwOD;onf ckt H zG@J 0iftjzpfjzifh raqmif&u G Ef idk cf ahJ omf (od@k r[kw)f pkpH rf;ppfaq;aecku d w f iG f qufvufraqmif&u G Ef idk cf ahJ omf tpd;k &tzG@J onf tzG@J 0if opfwOD;ukd tpm;xk;d cef@xm;&rnf? jyefvnfz@JG pnf;aom xkcd t Hk zG@J onf pkpH rf;ppfaq;qJjzpf aom uef@uu G v f m$ udk topfjyefvnfppfaq;vku d ppfaq;Ekid o f nf? 66? a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ rsm;ukd pdppf=um;emaepOf ckt H zJ@G onf vkt d yfygu a&S aecsKyu f kd zdw=f um;I Oya't=uH^m%frsm; awmif;cHEidk o f nf? a&S aecsKyfonf rdru d , kd w f idk cf t Hk zG@J o@dk rvma&mufEidk yf gu rdru d , kd pf m;aqmif&u G af p&ef a&S aecsKyf¶;Hk rS oifah vsmaf om Oya'0efxrf; tqifh (1) xuf redro hf nfh yk*Kd~ vftm; ckt H zG@J o@dk apv$waf qmif&u G af pEkid o f nf? 67? a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H olwOD;onf atmufygtcsuw f &yf&yfEiS hf +ipd eG ;f a=umif;awG@&v dS #if ,if; tm;v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcjhJ cif;onf ysujf y,fa=umif; a&G;aumufycJG Hk tzG@J u qk;H jzwfEidk o f nf æ (u) a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&aomv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fonf w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;jzifh rJtrsm;qH;k udk &,lco hJ nf[ak omfvnf;aumif;/ xked nf;jzifyh if aoG;aqmifI &,lco hJ nf[k aomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyJG tEkid t f ¶_;H onf w&m;rJðh yusirhf r_ sm;a=umifo h m jzpf&onf [kaomfvnf;aumif; ay:vGix f if&mS ;jcif;/ (c) a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H aom v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,. f tusK;d iSm w&m;rJðh yusirhf w _ ckck ukðd ya=umif;ay:vGix f if&mS ;jcif;/

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

452

451

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(*) vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyrJG [kwaf =umif; ay:vGix f if&mS ;jcif;/ (C) vmbfay;vmbf,lr_ðyjcif;/ a&G;aumufr_qkdif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;udk aESmifh,Sufjcif;wkd@ a=umifv h w G v f yfpmG rJay;Ekid cf iG &hf adS om a&G;aumufyrJG [kwaf =umif; ay:vGix f if&mS ;jcif;/ ,if; od@k ðyvkyrf r_ sm;a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H a=umif; ay:vGix f if&mS ;jcif;/ (i) yk'rf 10 yk'rf cGJ (i)/ (ps)/ (n) (od@k r[kw)f (Ë) yg yk*Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw)f tzG@J tpnf;w&yf. tzG@J tpnf;0ifjzpfa=umif; ay:vGix f if&mS ;jcif;? 68? a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J u a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,o f nf ,if;. a&G; aumuf yGu J , kd pf m;vS,rf [kwaf om tjcm;yk*Kd~ vfwOD;OD;.ya,m*a=umifh w&m;rJðh yusirhf _ wckck twGuf tjypf&o dS nf[t k pD&ifc&H mwGif atmufygta=umif; w&yf&yft&jzpf&a=umif; xifjrif,q l ygu xkdv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm; a&G;aumufwifajr mufcJhjcif;onf rysufjy,f[k ckHtzGJ@u qk;H jzwfEidk o f nf æ (u) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;ESihf ,if;.a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,w f @dk . oabmwl cGiðhf y csurf &Sb d J usL;vGecf ahJ omðyusirhf j_ zpfjcif;/ (c) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;ESihf ,if;.a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,w f @dk onf a&G;aumufyJG usi;f y&mwGif w&m;rJðh yusirhf r_ sm;ukrd ðyap&ef wwftm;oa&$ wm;qD;aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;/ (*) w&m;rJhðyusirhf r_ sm;onf a&G;aumufyu JG rkd xdcu dk af om ao;Ekyt f &mra&mufonfh ðyusirhf _ jzpfjcif;/ (C) a&G ; aumuf y G J o nf v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; ES i f h ,if ; .a&G ; aumuf y G J ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. w&m;rJðh yusirhf u _ if;&Si;f onf[k xifjrif,q l jcif;? 69? a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J onf uef@uu G cf surf sm;udpk pfaq;+yD;aomtcg v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&oludkjzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifI rdrdudkom a&G;aumuf wifajr mufc&H oltjzpf a=unmxku d af =umif; av#mufxm;olujkd zpfap v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr mufcH&ol jzpfonf rjzpfonfukd tpdk;&tzGJ@xHodk@tpD&ifcH&rnf? 70? a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J 0iftm;vk;H onf rdrw d @kd .qk;H jzwfcsuyf g&adS om tpD&ifcpH mukd vufrw S af &;xk;d I tpdk;&tzGJ@xHodk@ aqmvsifpGmwifoGif;&rnf? tpdk;&tzGJ@onf tpD&ifcHxm;onfhtwkdif; trdef@ xkwfI tpD&ifcHpmudk tpdk;&jyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefa=unm&rnf? tpdk;&tzGJ@.trdef@onf t+yD; tjywfjzpfap&rnf? 71? tpD&ifcHpmYjzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mESifhpyfvsOf;aom tjcm;udpPw&yf&yfYjzpfap a&G; aumufyJG ckt H zG@J 0ifrsm;onf oabmxm;uGv J v JG #if trsm;.oabmqENtwkid ;f qk;H jzwfaqmif&u G f &rnf? 72? a&Ga;umufyGJckHtzGJ@onf tr_ppfaq;jcif;udpPESifhpyfvsOf;I w&m;rusifhxkH;Oya't& w&m;¶kH;odk@ tyfEiS ;f xm;aom tm%mrsm;ud&k &S&d rnf? xk@d tjyif ta&;ygaomoufaocHcsurf sm;udk xGuq f Edk idk f rnf[k,lqaom rnfonfhyk*~dKvfudkrqkd rdrdwdk@.oabmtwkdif; qifhqkdI ppfaq;Ekdifonf? 73? TOya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;ESihf rqef@usiaf pbJ oufaocHOya'yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;onf pkpH rf;ppfaq; a&;udpPtm;vkH;ESifh oufqkdifonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

74? rnfonfph mcsKypf mwrf;udrk # owfrw S o f nft h wdik ;f wHqyd af cgi;f jynfph pHk mG uyfxm;jcif;r&Sad oma=umifh aomfvnf;aumif;/ rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;rðyaoma=umifah omfvnf;aumif; oufaocHtjzpfjzifh vufrcH bJrae&? 75? pkpH rf;ppfaq;&mwGif ay:xGuv f su&f adS om jiif;csurf sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I ar;aomar;cGe;f rsm;ukd oufao u ajzqkd&rnf? odk@&mwGif æ (u) a&G;aumufyYJG qENraJ y;cJo h t l m; rnfo@l twGuq f ENraJ y;cJo h nfudk xkwaf zmf&efrckid ;f &/ (c) ar;cGe;f w&yfrajzqkb d rJ ae&I ajzqk&d jcif;a=umifh ajzqko d t l m;zrf;qD;jcif;/ w&m;pGq J jdk cif; rðy& (ok@d r[kw)f ,if;ajzqkcd suu f t kd a=umif;ðyI rkom;oufaoxGuq f rdk j_ zifh &mZ0wf a=umif;t& w&m;pGq J jdk cif;rSty tjcm;rnfonfh &mZ0wfrc_ if;wGirf S ,if;ajzqkcd suu f dk oufaocHtjzpf tokH;rðy&? 76? tr_onfu, kd w f idk jf zpfap/ tr_onfu, kd pf m;aqmif&u G &f efcef@xm;aom a&S ae (od@k r[kw)f ud, k pf m; vS,jf zpfap a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J a&S arSmufo@kd vma&mufaqmif&u G Ef idk o f nf? od@k &mwGif tr_onfu, kd f wkid v f ma&muf&rnf[k a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J u !$e=f um;v#if tr_onfu, kd w f idk v f ma&muf&rnf? tcef; (15) taxGaxG 77? aumfr&SiEf iS hf aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;onf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;ESiphf yfvsO;f I vkt d yfaomtultnD rsm;udk tpd;k &.tzG@J tpnf;rsm;xHraS omfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vfrsm;xHrS aomfvnf;aumif; &,laqmif&u G Ef idk o f nf? 78? rnforl qkd aumfr&SiEf iS hf aumfr&Sit f zG@J crJG sm;wGif tzG@J 0iftjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyJG wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifaom 0efxrf;tjzpfaomfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&u G jf cif;onf Ekid if H awmf.wm0efux dk rf;aqmifjcif;[k rSw, f &l rnf? 79? aumfr&SiEf iS hf aumfr&Sit f zG@J ct JG qifq h ifEh iS hf a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J w@dk . aqmif&u G cf suf (od@k r[kw)f qk;H jzwfcsuEf iS phf yfvsO;f I TOya'yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;rSwyg; rnfonfw h &m;¶k;H wGirf S ppfaq;ykid cf iG hf r&Sad p&? 80? w&m;0iftyfEiS ;f xm;aom vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf & Oya'ESit hf nD rdrw d m0efudk oabm¶k;d jzifh Ekid pf rG ;f or# xrf;aqmifaomaumfr&SiEf iS hf aumfr&Sit f zG@J 0ifrsm;/ aumfr&Sit f zG@J ct JG qifq h ifEh iS hf ,if;wk@d . tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J / a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zG@J 0ifrsm;/ rJ¶rHk ; tygt0if rJ¶t Hk zG@J 0ifrsm;. vkyaf qmif csurf sm;twGuf w&m;ra=umif;t&jzpfap/ &mZ0wfa=umif;t&jzpfap w&m;pGq J jdk cif; rcHxu dk af p&? 81? aumfr&SiS o f nf TOya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;udk xajrmufatmifjrifpmG aqmif&u G Ef idk &f eftvk@d imS vkt d yfaomenf;Oya'rsm;/ vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ !$e=f um;csurf sm;ukd xkwjf yefEidk o f nf? 82? atmufyg Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk TOya'jzifh ¶kyfodrf;vdkufonf æ (u) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfEiS hf jynfo@l aumifpt D qifq h ifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufjcif;qdik &f m Oya'? ( 1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf Oya'trSwf 8 )?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

454

453

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(c) jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajr mufjcif;qdkif&m enf;Oya' rsm;? ( 1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf 6 )? ÙÙÙÙÙ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ trdef@trSwf (3§89) 1351 ckESpf/ e,kefvjynfhausmf 9 &uf 1989 ckESpf/ ZGefv 27 &uf 1? ,ae@ wyfrawmfrS Edik if aH wmftm%mud&k ,lxm;onfh umvonf rm&S,af vm (Martial Law) umvjzpfonfukd jynfow l &yfv;kH od&+dS y;D jzpfonf? 2? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydit f a&G;cH=urnfh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya' t& rSwfyHkwifcJh=uonf? tjcm;aom vlr_a&;qdkif&mtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onfvnf; jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0ef}u;D XmewGif toif;tzG@J rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;qdik &f mOya't& rSwyf w kH ifc=hJ uonf? 1989 ckEpS /f ZGev f (27) &ufae@Y ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siw f iG f rSwyf kH wifcahJ om Edik if aH &;ygwaD ygi;f (226) zG@J &+dS y;D jynfxaJ &;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D XmewGif rSwyf w kH ifxm; aom tzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (57) zG@J &Sad e+yjD zpfonf? 3? TuJo h @kd Oya'ESit hf nD rSwyf w kH ifc=hJ uaom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;&Sad omfvnf; Edik if aH wmftwGi;f w&m; Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;udk xdcu kd af p&ef =uHaqmifIvnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH wmf tpd;k &tm; qef@usit f m%mzDqefonfh oabmjzifv h nf;aumif;/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&SiEf iS hf jynfxaJ &;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D Xmewd@k wiG f Oya'ESit hf nD rSwyf kH wifjcif;rðybJ w&m;r0ifz@JG pnf;+y;D pm&Gupf mwrf;/ pmtkyEf iS hf yHEk ydS x f w k af 0pmrsm;udk w&m;r0if xkwaf 0 v#u&f adS om tzG@J tpnf;rsm;&Sad e=uonf? ,if;tzG@J tpnf;aygi;f (48) zG@J &+dS y;D pm&if;udk yl;wGaJ zmfjyxm; onf? 4? xd@k jyif ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siw f iG v f nf;aumif;/ jynfxaJ &;ESihf omoema&;0ef}uD;XmewGiv f nf;aumif; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;rðybJ zG@J pnf; pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;jcif;/ pm&Guf pmwrf;/ pmtkyEf iS hf yHEk ydS x f w k af 0pmrsm; w&m;r0ifxw k af 0jcif;ðyv#u&f adS om ausmif;om;trnfco H nfh tzG@J tpnf; (51) zG@J &adS eonfukd awG@&&dS onf? 5? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siw f iG v f nf;aumif;/ jynfxaJ &;ESihf omo ema&;0ef}u;D XmewGiv f nf;aumif; w&m;0ifrw S yf w kH ifxm;+y;D jzpfonfh tzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf pm&Guf pmwrf;/ pmtkyEf iS hf yHEk ydS x f w k af 0pmrsm; xkwaf 0jcif;ðyvkyrf nfqykd gu 1962 ckEpS /f yHEk ydS o f rl sm;ESihf xkwf a0olrsm; rSwyf w kH ifOya'ESit hf nD jynfxaJ &;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D XmewGif rSwyf w kH if+y;D xkwaf 0vdk onfh pm&Gupf mwrf;/ pmtkyEf iS hf yHEk ydS x f w k af 0pmrsm;twGuf uif;vGwcf iG ahf v#mufxm;&rnf? uif;vGwf cGi&hf &S+d y;D aemuf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J EiS hf +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

455

tqifq h ifw h @kd tm;qef@usirf /_ Edik if aH wmftpd;k &tm; qef@usirf /_ wyfrawmftm; xdyg;ykwcf wfaoG;cGrJ /_ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_xyd g;ap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmfr/_ vdt k yfcsut f & xkwjf yefxm;onfh trde@f rsm;tm; qef@usirf y_ g0ifjcif;r&Sad pbJ a&G;aumufyw JG iG f rdrw d @kd ygwD tEdik &f &Sad &;twGuf rdrw d @kd ygw. D rl0g'oabmxm;/ vrf;pOf/ vkyif ef;pOf/ pnf;¶H;k a&;enf;vrf;/ apmifx h ed ;f vdu k ef m&rnfph nf;urf; rsm;yg&o dS nfh pm&Gupf mwrf;/ pmtkyEf iS hf yHEk ydS x f w k af 0pmrsm;udk óuw d ifppD pf&ef wifjyjcif;rðybJxw k af 0 Edik rf nfjzpfonf? 6? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifwGifvnf;aumif;/ jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&; 0ef}u;D XmewGiv f nf;aumif; Oya'ESit hf nD rSwyf w kH ifjcif;rðybJ w&m;r0if zG@J pnf; pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;+y;D pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyEf iS hf yHEk ydS x f w k af 0pmrsm;udk w&m;r0ifxw k jf yefaeaom tzG@J tpnf; rsm;tm; Oya'ESit hf nD xda&mufpmG ta&;,lrnfjzpfonf? 7? Edik if aH wmftpd;k &. owday;wm;jrpfjcif;udk qef@usiv f pkd w d jf zifh tm%mzDqefrð_ yvkyyf grl rm&S,af vm (Martial Law) t&tm%mpufjzifh aqmif&u G rf nfjzpfa=umif; owday;onf? trdef@t& (yHk) cif!Gef@ Adv k rf ;ª csKyf twGif;a&;rª; (1) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (yl;wGpJ m&if;) EdkifiHawmftm;qef@usifaeonfh w&m;r0iftzGJ@tpnf;rsm; (1) =u,fprd ;f vli,frsm; (2) ppftpdk;&qef@usifa&;tzGJ@csKyf (3) 'Dru kd a&pDjynfo@l wyfaygi;f pk (4) 'Dru kd a&pDawmfveS af &;aumfrwD (5) 'Dru kd a&pDa&S aqmifvil ,fwyfO;D (6) a'gi;f Zmenf(Armjynf) (7) EdkifiHa&;azmufjyefr_wdkufzsufa&;tzGJ@csKyf (8) jynfol@wdkufyGJ0ifwyfzGJ@(jrefrmEdkifiH) (9) jynfo@l rsK;d cspaf jymuf=um;wyfz@JG (10) jynfol@nD!Gwfa&;'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD; (11) jynfolwdk@.trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; (12) jynfol@vuf¶Hk;tzGJ@ (13) jynfya&muf'Drdku&ufwpfajymuf=um;wyfOD; (14) jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (15) ArmhrsKd;cspfaoG;aomufawmfvSefa&;wyfOD;

456

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(16) Armjynfjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;vli,fwyfOD; (17) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mawmifolv,form;tr*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (18) ArmhawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pk (19) Armjynfajratmufvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk; (20) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mjynfol@tvkyform;rsm;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (21) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m'Drdkua&pDapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@ (22) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mpmar;yGJoydwfarSmufoHCmawmfrsm;tzGJ@(rE Wav;) (23) rsKd;cspfvli,frsm; (24) jrefrmEdkifiHtvkyform;or*~ (25) jrefrmEdkifiHvli,ftiftm;pk (26) rsKd;cspf'Drdku&ufwpfvli,fwyfaygif;pk (27) ajratmufvli,frsm;0g'jzef@csDa&;tzGJ@ (28) rsKd;cspfawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@csKyf (29) rsK;d cspv f w G af jrmufa&;wyfz@JG (30) jrefrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;tiftm; (31) jrefrmEdkifiH'Drdkua&pDjyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (32) &[ef;ysdKrsm;or*~ (33) vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf 0JG iforl sm;tzG@J (jrefrmjynf) (34) vli,frsK;d qufopftzG@J (35) vli,f&! J eG @f tzG@J (36) vli,fwyfaygi;f pk (37) vli,fn! D w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk(jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H (38) trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;tiftm;pk (39) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDjyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;tzG@J (40) trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pkppfaumfr&Sif (41) trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfO;D (42) txufjrefrmEdkifiHvli,ftzGJ@csKyf/ rE Wav;òrd (43) tm%m&Sifqef@usifa&;wyfOD; (44) wd;k wufaomvli,frsm;tzG@J / wefjyefppfa'o(4) (45) aoG;opfwyfrawmfvli,frsm;tzGJ@/ Armjynf (46) atmifqef;ajr;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf/ jrefrmjynf (47) atbDtufpf'Dat (48) trsK;d om;uGe*f &uf/ &Sr;f jynfe,f

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pka0;cGiEhf iS hf rJq, G cf iG &hf &Sad p&ef tultnDay;jcif;/ umuG,af pmifah &Smufjcif; 4? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ rsm;onf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyw JG iG f rdrw d @kd tEdik &f &Sad &;udk a&S;¶_vsuf pnf;¶H;k Edik &f eftvd@k imS pka0;cGiEhf iS hf rJq, G cf iG &hf &Sad p&rnf? 5? oufqikd &f m +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rsm;/ vHðk caH &;wyfz@JG rsm;/ tpd;k &Xme tzG@J tpnf;rsm; onf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ rsm;u pka0;cGiEhf iS rhf q J , G cf iG &hf &Sad p&ef vdt k yfaomtultnDrsm; ay;&rnft h jyif taESmift h ,Surf &Sad p&ef umuG,af y;&rnf?

owfrw S o f nfah e&mwGif pka0;cGiEhf iS hf a[majymwifjycGihf 9? cGiðhf yrde@f av#mufxm;jcif;? ? owfrw S o f nfah e&mwGif pka0;jcif;ESirhf q J , G af [majymjcif; ðyvkyv f kd aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh woD;yk*~vrsm;onf atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; oufqdkif&m +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J o@kd tenf;qH;k ckepf&ufóuw d ifI cGiðhf yrde@f av#mufxm;&rnf æ (u) &efuek òf r d awmf pnfyifom,ma&;e,ferd w d t f wGi;f &Sd òr d e,frsm;twGuf &efuek w f ikd ;f +ird 0f yf ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J / rE aW v;òr d pnfyifom,ma&; e,ferd w d t f wGi;f &Sd òr d e,frsm;twGuf rE aW v;wdik ;f +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J / (c) tyd'k cf JG (u) yg òr d e,frsm;rSty usejf ynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wdik ;f +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf a&;tzG@J ¶H;k pdu k &f mòr d e,frsm;twGuf oufqikd &f mjynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wdik ;f +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnf aqmufa&;tzG@J / (*) tyd'k cf JG (u) ESihf (c) yg òr d e,frsm;rSty òr d e,fp+k ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J ¶;kH pdu k &f m òr d e,frsm;twGuf oufqikd &f m òr d e,fp+k ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J / (C) tyd'k cf JG (u)/ (c) ESihf (*) yg òr d e,frsm;rSty useòf r d e,frsm;twGuf oufqikd &f mòr d e,f +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J ? 10? av#mufxm;cGi&hf o dS rl sm;? ?txuftyd'k f (9) t& av#mufxm;&mwGif oufqikd &f m Edik if aH &;ygw. D A[d/k jynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wdik ;f / òr d e,f OuUÏ (od@k r[kw)f twGi;f a&;rª;ujzpfap/ if;tqifrh sm;ESiw hf n l D aom wm0ef,x l m;onfh yk*Kd~ vfujzpfap/ ,if;ygw. D oufqikd &f m jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f

avmif;ujzpfap/ woD;yk*v ~ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;ujzpfap vufrw S af &;xd;k av#mufxm;&rnf? 11? av#mufvm$ wGif azmfjy&ef tcsurf sm; ? ? cGiðhf yrde@f av#mufxm;&mwGif oufqikd &f m Edik if aH &;ygwD rsm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ rsm;onf wm;jrpfcsurf sm;/ cGiðhf yrde@f yg owfrw S cf surf sm;ESihf pnf;urf;rsm;ESit hf nD pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq, G af [majymjcif;jzpfap&ef wm0ef,al =umif; azmfjyav#mufxm;&rnft h jyif atmuf ygtcsurf sm;udv k nf; av#mufvm$ wGif tjynft h pHk azmfjy&rnf æ (u) ðyvkyv f o kd nfah e&m/ (c) ðyvkyv f o kd nfah e@&uf/ (*) pwifrnft h csed Ef iS +hf y;D qH;k rnft h csed f (cef@reS ;f )/ (C) a[majymrnfyh *k Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw)f yk*Kd~ vfrsm;. trnfEiS hf ae&yfvyd pf m/ (i) av#mufxm;ol. trnfEiS hf ae&yfvyd pf m? 12? +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . wm0efEiS v hf yk yf ikd cf iG rhf sm;? oufqikd &f m +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnf aqmufa&;tzG@J . wm0efEiS v hf yk yf ikd cf iG rhf sm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf æ (u) txufwiG f azmfjycJo h nft h wdik ;f av#mufxm;vmygu vdt k yfovdpk pd pf+yD; cGiðhf yrde@f xkwaf y;jcif; (od@k r[kw)f jiif;y,fjcif; ðyEdik o f nf/ (c) cGiðhf yrde@f xw k af y;ygu atmufygowfrw S cf surf sm;udk cGiðhf yrde@f wiG f azmfjy&rnf æ (1) cGiðhf yonfh ae@&ufEiS hf ae&m/ (2) cGiðhf yonfh tcsed u f mv/ (3) a[majymcGi&hf &So d nfh yk*Kd~ vf (od@k r[kw)f yk*Kd~ vfrsm;. trnfEiS hf ae&yfvyd pf m? (*) cGiðhf yrde@f xw k af y;&mwGif pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq, G af [majymjcif; ðyvky&f ef owfrw S o f nfh ae&mod@k pDwef;vSnv hf nf aºu;G a=umfcsw D ufjcif;rðy& [lIvnf;aumif;/ pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq, G af [majym jcif; +y;D qH;k onft h cg pDwef;vSnv hf nf aºu;G a=umfcsw D ufjcif;rðybJ vlpck &JG rnf[I l vnf;aumif; pnf;urf;csurf sm; owfrw S af zmfjy&rnf/ (C) cGiðhf yrde@f xw k af y;&mwGif atmufazmfjyygpnf;urf;rsm;udk vdt k yfovdo k wfrw S Ef ikd o f nf (1) tpd;k &¶H;k rsm;/ tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ jynfoyl ikd f puf¶/kH tvky¶f EkH iS hf tvkyXf mersm;/ pmoifausmif;rsm;ESihf jynfo@l aq;¶Hrk sm;udk taESmift h ,Surf jzpfap&ef/ (2) wkw/f "m;/ vufeuf/ cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;ESihf tjcm;ab;tE &W m,fjzpfapEdik f aomt&mrsm;udk udik af qmifjcif;rðy&ef/ (3) ,mOfrsm;oGm;vmjcif;udk taESmift h ,Surf jzpfap&efEiS hf vrf;rsm;udyk w d q f @kd jcif; rðy&ef/ (4) vHðk caH &wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;. pnf;urf;xde;f odr;f r_ukd vdu k ef m&ef/ (5) toHcs J pepfukd wnfqOJ ya'/ pnf;urf;csurf sm;ESit hf nD toH;k ðy&ef/ (6) tjcm; owfrw S v f akd om pnf;urf;rsm;? (i) cGiðhf yrde@f xw k af y;ygu pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq, G af [majymjcif; pwifðyvkyrf nft h csed rf wdik rf D (48) em&Dxufrenf; óudwifIxkwaf y;&rnf/ cGiðhf yrde@f av#mufxm;jcif;udk jiif;y,fygu tusK;d

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460

rJqG,fcGifhqdkif&menf;vrf;rsm; 6? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf atmufazmfjyyg enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh rJq, G cf iG &hf adS p&rnf æ (u) oufqikd &f m +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J .cGiðhf ycsujf zifh owfrw S o f nfah e&mwGif pka0;cGiEhf iS hf a[majymwifjycGi/hf (c) a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0wifjycGi/hf (*) jrefrmhtoHtpDtpOfrS jzpfap/ jrefrmh¶yk jf rifo=H um;tpDtpOfrS jzpfap a[majymwifjycGi?hf 7? woD;yk*v ~ rsm;onf txuftyd'k f 6/ tyd'k cf JG (u) ESihf (c) yg enf;vrf;rsm;jzifo h m rJq, G cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? 8? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ rsm;onf rdrw d @kd . rl0g'/ oabmxm;/ vkyif ef;pOf ponfw@kd ukd a[m ajym/ a&;om;wifjy=u&mwGif wnfqJOya'rsm;/ wm;jrpfcsufrsm;/ cGifhðyrdef@ygowfrSwfcsufrsm; (od@k r[kw)f pnf;urf;csurf sm;udk rqef@usiaf p&?

459

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ta=umif;azmfjyvsuf pka0;jcif;ESirhf q J , G af [majymjcif; pwifðyvkyrf nfh tcsed frwdik rf D (48) em&Dxufrenf; óuw d ifI ta=umif;=um;&rnf/ (p) vHðk caH &;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;udk axmuf¶I _ vdt k yfygu cGiðhf yrde@f yg owfrw S cf surf sm;/ pnf;urf;rsm;udk jyifqifjcif; (od@k r[kw)f cGiðhf yrde@f udk ¶kyo f rd ;f jcif; ðyEdik o f nf? (q) rdred ,fajra'otwGi;f pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq, G af [majymjcif; ðyvkyEf ikd &f ef cGiðhf yEdik rf nfh trsm; jynfow l @kd EiS o hf ufqikd af om ae&ma'orsm;udk óudwifowfrw S x f m;&rnf/ (Z) pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq, G af [majymjcif;udk ysujf ym;atmif rðyEdik af p&efEiS hf aESmif, h u S jf cif;rðyEdik f ap&ef oufqikd &f m&yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkypf k +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rsm; tm; wm0efay;vsuf vdt k yfaomumuG,af pmifah &Smufrr_ sm; ðyvkyx f m;ap&rnf/ (ps) vHðk caH &;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;wd@k ukd xdyg;rnft h E &W m,frS umuG,Ef ikd &f ef oufqikd &f m &yfuu G f (od@k r[kw)f aus;&Gmtkypf k +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzG@J rsm;tm; wm0efay;vsuf vdt k yfaomtpDtpOfrsm; ðyvkyx f m;ap&rnf? a&;om; yHkESdyfxkwfa0 wifjycGifh 13? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ rsm;onf rJq, G &f efupd t P vd@k imS rdrw d @kd .rl0g'/ oabmxm;/ vkyf ief;pOf ponfw@kd ukd jynfot l rsm;od&afdS p&ef pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyf ponfrsm;tjzpf a&;om;yHEk ydS f xkwaf 0wifjyvdyk gu æ (u) Ttrde@f wiG f azmfjyyg&o dS nfw h m;jrpfcsurf sm;udk qef@usijf cif;r&S[ d , k =kH unfv#if jynf xJa&;ESihf omoema&;0ef}u;D Xmeod@k óuw d ifppd pf&ef wifjyjcif;rðybJ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0cGihf &So d nf? (c) Ttrde@f wiG f azmfjyyg&o dS nfh wm;jrpfcsurf sm;udk qef@usijf cif;&Sd r&Sd 'G[ d oHo,&Sv d #if jynfxaJ &;ESio hf moema&;0ef}uD;Xme (od@k r[kw)f oufqikd &f m jynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wdik ;f +idrf0yf ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@odk@ óudwifpdppf&ef wifjyI twnfðycsuf&,l+yD; a&;om;yHEk ydS f xkwaf 0cGi&hf o dS nf? 14? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ rsm;onf rJq, G &f efupd t P vd@k imS pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyf ponf rsm;udk æ (u) 1962 ckEpS /f yHEk ydS o f rl sm;ESihf xkwaf 0olrsm; rSwyf w kH ifOya't& rSwyf w kH ifxm;onfh yHEk ydS o f l ESihf xkwaf 0olrsm;tm; a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0apjcif;jzpfygu yHEk ydS o f El iS x hf w k af 0olw@kd . trnf/ ae&yfvyd pf mESihf rSwyf w kH iftrSww f @kd ukd a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0onfh pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyf ponfrsm;wGif azmfjy&rnf/ (c) Oya't& rSwyf w kH ifxm;onfh yHEk ydS o f El iS x hf w k af 0olrsm;tm; a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0apjcif; rðybJ rdrw d @kd tpDtpOfjzifh a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;jzpfygu æ (1) Edik if aH &;ygwjD zpfv#if ,if;ygw. D trnfEiS ahf e&yfvyd pf mtjyif ,if;ygw. D OuUÏ (od@k r[kw)f twGi;f a&;rª; (od@k r[kw)f if;tqifrh sm;ESiw hf n l aD om wm0ef,x l m;onfh

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461

yk*Kd~ vf. trnfEiS ahf e&yfvyd pf mudv k nf;aumif;/ (2) EdkifiHa&;ygwDwckckudk udk,fpm;ðyonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; (od@k r[kw)f woD;yk*v ~ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;jzpfv#if ,if;.trnfEiS hf ae&yfvyd pf mudv k nf;aumif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0onfh pm&Gu/f pmwrf;/ pmtkyf ponf rsm;wGif azmfjy&rnf? 15? rJqG,f&efudpPtvdk@iSm pm&Guf/ pmwrf;/ pmtkyf ponfrsm; a&;om;yHkESdyfxkwfa0wifjyjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf; I jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf vdktyfonfh trdef@/ !¸ef=um;csufrsm;udk xkwfjyefEdkif onf? jrefrmhtoHtpDtpOfrS jzpfap/ jrefrmh¶yk jf rifo=H um;tpDtpOfrS jzpfap a[majymwifjycGihf 16? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf rJq, G &f efupd t P vd@k imS rdrw d @kd . rl0g'/ oabmxm;/ vkyif ef;pOf ponfw@kd ukd jrefrmhtoHtpDtpOfrjS zpfap/ jrefrmh¶yk jf rifo=H um; tpDtpOfrjS zpfap a[majymwifjyvdv k #if ouf qdik &f mygwOD uUÏ (od@k r[kw)f twGi;f a&;rª; (od@k r[kw)f if;tqifrh sm;ESiw hf n l aD om wm0ef,x l m; onfhyk*~dKvfonf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrSwqifh jyef=um; a&;0ef}u;D Xmeod@k tenf;qH;k ckepf&ufóuw d ifI a[majymwifjyvdo k nfh pmrlEiS t hf wl cGiðhf yrde@f av#muf xm;&rnf? 17? jrefrmhtoHtpDtpOfrjS zpfap/ jrefrmh¶yk jf rifo=H um;tpDtpOfrjS zpfap a[majymcGiðhf y&ef av#muf xm;=uonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; tqifajypGm tvSnfhusa[majymwifjyEdkif&ef EdkifiHa&;ygwDwck csi;f tvdu k f a[majymwifjycGi&hf &So d nfh ae@&ufEiS t hf csed Zf ,m;udk ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f oufqikd &f mXmetzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf n Ed id_ ;f owfrw S af y;&rnf? 18? jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeonf a[majymwifjyvdo k nfh pmrlukd vdt k yfovdk pdppf+y;D æ (u) cGiðhf yrde@f xw k af y;jcif; (od@k r[kw)f jiif;y,fjcif; ðyEdik o f nf/ (c) cGiðhf yrde@f xw k af y;ygu ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f owfrw S f ay;onfah e@&ufEiS hf tcsed Zf ,m;ESit hf nD cGiðhf yonfah e@&uf/ tcsed t f ydik ;f tjcm;ESihf a[majym&ef cGiðhf yonfh yk*Kd~ vf.trnfukd cGiðhf yrde@f wiG af zmfjy&rnf/ (*) cGiðhf yrde@f av#mufxm;jcif;udk jiif;y,fygu tusK;d ta=umif;azmfjyvsuf av#mufxm;olxH ta=umif;=um;&rnf/ 19? (u) jrefrmhtoHtpDtpOfrS a[majymwifjyjcif;jzpfv#if Edik if aH &;ygww D cktm; trsm;qH;k a[majym csed f (15) rdepfom cGiðhf y&rnf/ (c) jrefrmh¶yk jf rifo=H um;tpDtpOfrS a[majymwifjyjcif;jzpfv#if Edik if aH &;ygww D cktm; trsm;qH;k a[majymcsed f (10) rdepfom cGiðhf y&rnf? 20? rJq, G &f efupd t P vd@k imS jrefrmhtoHtpDtpOfrS jzpfap/ jrefrmh¶yk jf rifo=H um;tpDtpOfrjS zpfap a[m ajymwifjyjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f I jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf vdt k yfaomtrde@f / !¸e=f um;csurf sm;udk xkwjf yefEikd o f nf?

462

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfoyl ikd o f wif;pmwGif owif;ESihf "mwfyrkH sm;azmfjyjcif; 21? jyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeonf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;u jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyYJG rdrw d @kd tEdik &f &Sad &; twGuf rJq, G &f efupd t P vd@k imS rdrw d @kd ygw. D rl0g'/ oabmxm;ESihf vkyif ef;pOf ponfw@kd ukd &Si;f vif; a[majymwifjyonfh pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;r_owif;rsm;/ owif;"mwfyrkH sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I jynfoyl ikd o f wif; pmwGif azmfjyoifo h nfrsm;udk oifah vsmo f vdk xnfo h iG ;f azmfjy&rnf? wm;jrpfcsufrsm; 22? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ rsm;onf pka0;jcif;ESihf rJq, G jf cif;ðyvky&f mwGif atmufazmfjyyg wm; jrpfcsuw f &yf&yfukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGev f eG jf cif; rðy& æ (u) vGwv f yfa&;ESihf tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnfwchH ikd jf rJru _ kd xdyg;ykwcf wfI a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;/ (c) jynfaxmifpw k nfwchH ikd jf rJa&;udv k nf;aumif;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udv k nf; aumif; ysujf ym;ap&ef a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;/ (*) Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J EiS hf +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J tqifh qifw h @kd uv kd nf;aumif;/ Edik if aH wmftpd;k &udv k nf;aumif; t=unfnKd ysuaf p&ef (od@k r[kw)f *k%o f u d mQ udx k yd g;ap&ef a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;/ (C) wyfrawmfòyu d aJG &;udjk zpfay:ap&ef (od@k r[kw)f wyfrawmf.*k%o f u d mQ udk xdcu kd af p&ef a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;/ (i) vHðk caH &;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;wd@k ukd ysujf ym;ap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmfa[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;/ (p) vlrsK;d a&; (od@k r[kw)f bmoma&; yÉdyuQrsm;jzpfymG ;ap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmfa[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;/ (q) +idr;f csr;f pGmynmoif=um;a&;udk xdcu kd yf sujf ym;ap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmf a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;/ (Z) wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG (od@k r[kw)f jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;tm; ,if;wd@k . wm0efukd aus yGefpGmrxrf;aqmifEdkif=uap&ef (odk@r[kwf) tpdk;&tm; qef@usifqENjyap&ef aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmf a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;yHEk ydS x f w k af 0jcif;/ jypf'%f 23? Ttrde@f wiG f azmfjyyg&o dS nfh wm;jrpfcsuw f &yf&yfujkd zpfap/ Ttrde@f t& xkwaf y;onfh cGiðhf yrde@f yg owfrw S cf suf (od@k r[kw)f pnf;urf;csuw f &yf&yfujkd zpfap azmufzsuu f sL;vGeaf =umif; jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if xdo k t l m; aiG'%f usyf (5000) txdjzpfap/ axmif'%f (3) ESpt f xdjzpfap/ '%fEpS f &yfv;kH jzpfap uscaH p&rnf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

463

Oya'uJhodk@ tm%moufa&mufjcif; 24? Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf? ÚÚÚÚÚ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ a=unmpmwrf;? ed'gef;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H w0ef;vk;H &Sd jynfov l x l }k u;D onf/ 1988 ckEpS t f wGi;f u/ orkidf ;f wGif róub H ;l atmif xl;xl;uJut J ºHk uI G 'Dru dk a&pDpepfuakd wmif;qkcd =hJ uygonf? TonfrmS cg;oD;pGmcHpm; cJ=h u&aom vl@abmif.tedÏm¶krH sm;rS vGwaf jrmufprd ahf omiSm/ 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if u H kd xlaxmif&ef a&S;¶_c=hJ u jcif;jzpfygonf? 2? ,cktcgwiG f jynfov l x l }k u;D .a&S arSmufY rdrw d @dk tm;vk;H . vlaer_b0wckv;Hk udk tajc tjrpfuyif pwifajymif;vJrnfh 'Dru dk a&pDpepfux dk al xmif&ef tcGit hf vrf;}u;D pwifay:xGe;f vm+yjD zpf ygonf? jynfov l x l }k u;D .Ek;d =um;wufºuaG ompdw"f mwf/ ckid rf maomt"dÏmef/ rSeu f efaoma&G;aumuf wifajrm ufrw _ @dk jzifh ygwpD t Hk axGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D wGif 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkw@dk . jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm ufI jynfow l @dk qENEiS t hf nD 'Dru dk a&pDtpd;k &zG@J pnf;ap&ef/ Ekid if aH wmfz@JG pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHya'w&yf a&;qGaJ p&ef/ wkid ;f jynfjyefvnfxal xmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk atmifjrifpmG xrf;aqmifEidk &f ef paomwm0efrsm;udk tyfEiS ;f =u&awmhrnfjzpfygonf? 3? ,ae@jrefrmEkid if &H jdS ynfov l x l }k uD;onf tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm;udt k mrcHEidk rf nfh 'Drdk ua&pDtpd;k & jzpfay:vmap&ef tmomqENjyif;jyvsu&f adS eonf[k trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfu tckid f trm ,k=H unfygonf? 4? aemifvmvwHah om umvwk@d Y jrefrmEkid if w H iG f 'Dru dk a&pDusiphf Ofrsm; xGe;f um;tajccdik f ap+y;D pnf;vk;H nD!w G af om/ wnfwchH idk jf raJ om/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; wef;wl&nfwt l cGit hf a&;&Sad om jynfaxmifp}k uD;tjzpf wnfaqmuf&eftwGu/f wdik ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;Hk u }uD;rm;pGm pdwt f m; xufoefvsu&f o dS nf[k trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu &Si;f vif;pGmoabmaygu+f yD;jzpfygonf? 5? Tod@k aom jynfow l @dk . tmomqENEiS &hf nfreS ;f csurf sm;udk atmifjrifpmG taumiftxnf azmfEidk &f eftwGuf awmifov l ,form;rsm/ tvkyo f rm;rsm;/ ukeo f , G pf ;D yGm;orm;rsm;/ ausmif;om; rsm;/ vli,frsm;/ trsK;d orD;rsm;/ wwfoyd nm&Sirf sm;/ tEkynm&Sirf sm;/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;ESihf jynf olw@dk uu kd , kd pf m;ðyvdo k rl sm;yg0ifonfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf txufazmfjyygjynfow l @dk . tmomqENEiS &hf nfreS ;f csurf sm;udk awmfwnfah jzmifrh wfI wm0efaus¹yeG pf mG jznfq h nf;xrf;aqmifEidk &f ef twGuf ygwpD t Hk axGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f rdrw d @dk u, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;udk 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid af pum/ jynfov l x l . k tqk;H tjzwfukd cH,rl nfjzpfygonf?

464

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

6? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf atmufazmfjyygr0l g'oabmxm;rsm;udk a=unm&if;/ jynfov l x l . k qENuckd , H I l jynfow l @dk vv dk m;awmif;waeaom 'dru kd a&pDEidk if u H kd wnfaxmifomG ;rnf jzpfyga=umif;?

8? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonfOya'ESit hf nD/ jynfo@l qENEiS t hf nD ay:ayguw f nfaxmifjcif; jzpf&um;/ Tjynfo@l vw $ af wmfY tcsKyftjcmtm%musio hf ;Hk Ekid cf iG o hf nf tºuiG ;f rJ&h adS p&rnf? 9? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf tºuiG ;f r&Sad om tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk atmufygrrl sm;t& usihf ok;H rnf æ

(u) Oya'ðya&;/ tkycf sKyaf &;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;[lI tydik ;f (3) ydik ;f uef@owfxm;&S+d y;D wydik ;f pDonf bmom&yftvku d &f yfwnfI wydik ;f u wydik ;f tay: pGuzf ufjcif;rsm;r&Sad p&? (c) Oya'rsm;udjk yXmef;jcif;/ jyifqifjcif;/ y,fzsujf cif;ponfh vkyif ef;rsm;aqmif&u G &f mY vGwf vyfjcif;/ w&m;r#wjcif;/ nDr#jcif;paom avmuygvw&m;wk@d EiS hf tnDt!Gwjf zpfap&rnf? zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyyf t Hk ajccHOya'&Sv d mv#if TtajccHOya'ESit hf nDjzpfap&rnf? (*) Ekid if aH wmftyk cf sKyfa&;,E &W m;onf jynfov l x l }k uD;tm; zdEydS o f nfu h &d , d mrjzpfapbJ/ jynfov l x l }k u;D . tusK;d pD;yGm;udo k ,fy;kd jznfq h nf; umuG,af y;rnfh t&nftaoG;rSD pDrcH ef@crJG _ ,E &W m;jzpfap&rnf? (C) Ekid if o H m;wkid ;f onf ud;k uG,&f mbmomra&G;/ a,musmF ;rde;f rra&G;/ &mxl;XmeE &W ra&G;/ vlrsK;d ZmwdrcGjJ cm;bJ/ Ekid if aH wmfw&m;Oya't&mwGif tnDtr#jzpfap&rnf? rdrw d @dk . tajccH vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm; qk;H ¶_;H jcif;r&Sad p&? txl;ojzifh æ (1) w&m;pD&ifa&;r¾dKifonf 'Dru kd a&pDoabmw&m;/ tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm;ESihf udu k n f I D Oya'ðyr¾dKi/f tkycf sKyaf &;r¾dKiw f @dk EiS hf wlnaD omtqift h wef;jzifh vGwv f yfpmG wnf&adS p&rnf? (2) w&m;¶k;H csKyo f nf rdrv d ufatmuf&w dS &m;¶k;H rsm;udk vGwv f yfyikd Ef idk pf mG uGyu f yJ ikd cf iG &hf dS ap&rnf? (3) w&m;ppfaq;jcif;ESihf qk;H jzwfjcif;rsm;udk trsm;jynfow l @dk a&S arSmufwiG f aqmif&u G &f rnf? pGypf cJG &H oltm; w&m;Oya'ESit hf nD ckcyH ikd cf iG hf tjynft h 0ay;rnf? (4) w&m;ol}u;D rsm;onf Oya'ESit hf nD vGwv f yfpmG w&m;pD&ifciG hf &Sad p&rnf? jyifypGuf zufrr_ sm;r&Sad p&? 10? Ekid if w H umqufqaH &;wGif vGwv f yfaomEkid if jH cm;a&;0g'udu k sio hf ;Hk rnf? txl;tm;jzifh atmufygw@dk uakd zmfaqmifomG ;rnf æ (u) rnfonfEh idk if EH iS rhf qkd wEkid if . H e,fajrwnfwrhH E_ iS hf tcsKyt f jcmtm%mydik q f idk rf u _ kd wEkifd if H u av;pm;&ef/ wEkid if EH iS w hf Ekid if H usL;ausmw f u dk cf u kd rf r_ ðyvky&f ef/ wEkid if EH iS w hf Ekid if H jynfwiG ;f a&; udprP sm;wGif 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif;rðy&ef/ wEkid if EH iS w hf Ekid if w H ef;wl&nfw&l &dS efEiS hf ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf tusK;d jzpf xGe;f r_&&dS efEiS hf jird ;f csr;f pGmtwl,OS w f aJG exkid &f ef[al om 1955 ckEpS /f Aefa'gi;f (tif'kd eD;&Sm;Ekid if )H rl}u;D ig;csuEf iS t hf nD csp=f unf&if;ES;D pGmaygi;f oif;qufqrH nf? tdref ;D csi;f Ekid if rH sm; ESit hf jyeftvSef em;vnfr&_ &SI d tjyeftvSet f usK;d jzpfxeG ;f atmif óu;d pm;+y;D / tdref ;D csi;f aumif;yDyD csp=f unf&if;ES;D pGm aygi;f oif;qufqrH nf? (c) txD;userf 0l g'udrk usio hf ;Hk bJ/ urBmah &;&m;rsm;wGif rdrw d @kd widk ;f jynftaeESihf rSeu f efonf[k ,lqaombufrS Ek;d =um;wufºupG mG &yfwnfaqmif&u G rf nf? (*) wlnaD om&nf&, G cf sujf zif/h v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u G v f su&f adS om tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wGif wufºuG pGmyg0ifvy_ &f mS ;rnf? txl;ojzifh a'oqkid &f mtzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ pDru H ed ;f rsm;wGif a'o.tusK;d ESihf rdrEd idk if aH wmf. tudsK;udOk ;D wnfI vufwaJG qmif&u G rf nf? (C) urBmu h v k or*~/ urBmb h %f/ Ekid if w H umaiGa=u;&ykaH iGtzG@J ponfw@dk EiS hf &if;ES;D ckid rf mpGm qufqrH nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

466

EkdifiHa&; 7? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if o H nf urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J 0ifjzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG urBmu h v k or*~ yËdnmOfpmwrf;wGiyf g&adS om 'Dru kd a&pDusiphf Ofw@dk uv kd u dk ef musio hf ;Hk rnf? u|Eyfk w f @dk omru aemifvm aemufom;rsm;wk@d onfvnf; rnfonft h cgr# 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;rqk;H ¶_;H ap&[laomrljzifh ckid rf m aom 'Dru dk a&pDtw k jf rpfuckd sxm;rnf æ (u) Ekid if aH wmftm%monf jynfov l x l x k rH o S ufqif;ap&rnf? (c) tm%m&Sipf epfEiS hf jynfov l x l u k zkd Ed ydS cf sKyfcs,o f nfEh idk if aH &;pepfrsK;d xGe;f um;jcif;r&Sad p&? (*) Ekid if t H m%mudk ygwpD t Hk axGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;jzifx h al xmif&mwGi/f 'Dru kd a&pDtajccHrl rsm;ESit hf nD t&G,af &mufol Ekifd if o H m;wkid ;f qENraJ y;cGiEhf iS hf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcyH idk cf iG hf rsm;&S&d rnf? (C) Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf wkid ;f jynftwGuv f yk af qmifcsuf trsm;tjym;&So d nft h euf/ tem *wfumvtwGuf acgi;f aqmifrsm;udrk sK;d aphcs&m/ oD;yGiahf p&m/ ajrawmifajrm ufay;&m ysK;d cif; rsm;jzpfonf[I l vnf;aumif;/ tkycf sKyfa&;tzG@J EiS Ohf ya'ðytzG@J o@kd trsm;jynforl sm;ud, k pf m; aygi;f ul;wHwm;ozG,w f m0efxrf;aqmif=uonf[I l vnf;aumif;/ tm%mydik f wzG@J z@JG u jzpfap/ yk*Kd~ vfwOD;OD;ujzpfap tm%mudk rw&m;usL;usL;vGev f eG t f ok;H csru _ kd [ef@wm;uef@ owfEikd af om ud&, d mrsm;jzpf=uonf[I l vnf;aumif; ,k=H unfonf? (i) 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if w H nfaqmufa&;. t"dutajccHjzpfaom a&G;aumufwifajrm ufyrJG sm;udk vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGmusi;f ya&;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ Ekid if aH wmftm%m. rlvydik &f iS rf sm; jzpf=uaom jynfov l x l }k u;D . vlrb _ 0zG@H ðz;d om,ma&;twGuf olwyg;.tusK;d ukd rxdcu dk f apbJ/ pnf;urf;&Spd mG jzifh 'Dru dk a&pDut kd ajccHIwnfaqmuf&efvnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d a&;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ Ekid if o H m;wdik ;f onf vGwv f yfpmG ,k=H unfu;kd uG,cf iG /hf awG;ac:cGi/hf a&;om;a[majymcGi/hf pnf;¶k;H cGiEhf iS t hf oufarG;0rf;ausmif;ðyykid cf iG /hf vGwv f yfciG hf paom tajccH ydik cf iG rhf sm; tjynft h 0cHpm;cGi&hf adS p&rnf? (p) tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'Y twdtvif;tmrcHrnf? vl@ tcGifhta&;rsm;qkH;¶_H;xdckdufepfemr_rsm;twGuf tajccHOya't&jzpfap/ odk@wnf;r[kwf oD;jcm;txl;Oya'jyXmef;Ijzpfap/ w&m;¶k;H rsm;Yw&m;pGq J cdk iG &hf &S&d ef jyXmef;rnf?

465

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 11?

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Ekid if aH wmfumuG,af &; (u) wyfrawmfonf jynfow l @dkraS yguzf mG ;vm+y;D / Ekid if aH wmfEiS jhf ynfow l @dktwGuf Ekid if aH wmf zG@J pnf; tkycf sKyyf Hk tajccHOya'udk av;pm;vku d ef maom/ jynfov l x l b k ufr&S yfwnfaom/ jynfow l @dk tm;xm;&aom/ ygwED idk if aH &;ESiu hf if;&Si;f aom/ jynfow l @kd cspcf ifaom wyfrawmfjzpfap&rnf? (c) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if . H yx0DtajctaeESiu hf u kd n f o D nfh r[mAsL[mt&usio hf ;Hk aom acwfrw D yfrawmftjzpfwnfaqmufrnf? (*) usq;Hk oGm;aom ppfrx _ rf;ESi, hf if;rdom;pkrsm;/ ppfrx _ rf;a[mif;rsm;ESihf ,if;rdom;pkrsm;. tusK;d pD;yGm;wk@d twGuf oifah vsmaf omtpDtpOfrsm; aqmif&u G af y;rnf?

pD;yGm;a&; 12? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfua&G;cs,v f u dk af om tpk;d &tzG@J opftaejzif/h wm0ef,&l onfyh gwo D nf rnf onfb h ¾a&;tajctaersK;d ESihf pwif&ifqidk &f rnfurkd cef@reS ;f Ekid af y? ok@d jzpf&m a&&Snpf ;D yGm;a&; zG@H òz;d wk;d wufrx _ uf avmavmq,fa&wkpd ;D yGm;a&;jyefvnfxal xmifrE_ iS hf wnf+ird rf w _ @kd ukd ydrk t kd m¶kpH u dk f aqmif&u G &f vdrrhf nf[k trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu ,lqxm;ygonf? xk@d a=umifh ,if;,lqcsuf t& æ (u) ukeaf ps;E_e;f / aiGa=u;ESihf tvkyt f ukid rf sm; wnf+ird rf w _ @dk ukd OD;pm;ay;aqmif&u G rf nf? jynf wGi;f aiGa=u;udk jynfot l rsm;u ,k=H unfpw d cf satmif aqmif&u G rf nf? (c) oifw h ifah vsmufywfaom b¾a&;rl0g'ESihf aiGa=u;rl0g'wk@d uckd srw S I f tpd;k &.bwf*suf udk ydik Ef idk pf mG uGyu f J aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? (*) jrefrmaiGEiS Ehf ifdk if jH cm;aiGrsm; vJv, S af &;E_e;f wk@d ukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI vkt d yfovkd jyifqif oGm;rnf? (C) tm;jznfah vmifpmrsm;/ yd@k aqmifa&;,mOfrsm;/ ukeaf ps;E_e;f usqif;a&;wGif taxmuf tulðyrnfyh pPn;f rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;oGi;f ukerf sm;tjzpf wifoiG ;f rnf? (i) Ekifd if jH cm;yd@k uek f trsK;d tpm;rsK;d pkaH tmif óu;d yrf;tm;ay;rnf? (p) Ekid if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS r_ sm;/ qwk;d wk;d yGm;vm&eftvk@d imS Ekid if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS O_ ya'udk jyef vnfo;Hk oyfI jyifqifay;rnf? (q) Ekifd if jH cm;aºu;G +raD vsmah ygah &;ESihf tultnDrsm;xyfr&H &Sad &;udk óu;d yrf;rnf? (Z) pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;wk@d ukd csKyfcs,x f m;aomOya'rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESit hf jcm; uef@owfuyG u f rJ w _ @dk ukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI jyifqifwefjyif/ zsuo f rd ;f wefzsuaf qmif&u G rf nf? (ps) yk*~vdupD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tusKd;&Sdatmif vuf&SdtcGefpepft&yf&yfwkd@udk jyefvnfo;Hk oyfI jyifqifrnf? (n) pD;yGm;a&;tpdwt f ykid ;f toD;oD;onfaps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;udw k if;jynfu h syjf ynft h ajccH=u& rnf? txl;ojzifh yk*v ~ u d ydik pf ;D yGm;a&;udt k vsit f jref zG@H òz;d wk;d wufatmiftm;ay;rnf? (Ë) urBmvSnfhc&D;vkyfief;udk ydkrdkwkd;wuftm;ay;oGm;+yD; tqifajyacsmarG@ajyjypfatmif aqmif&u G rf nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

467

13?

pufrv _ yk if ef;/ pGr;f tifvyk if ef;/ aqmufvyk af &;vkyif ef;/ owWKvkyif ef;/ 0efaqmifrv _ yk if ef;? (u) txufygu¾toD;oD;Y jynfoyl ikd t f jzpford ;f yku d x f m;aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd rlvyk*v ~ u d pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;ydik &f iS rf sm;vufo@kd jyefvnfvaJ$ jymif;ay;a&;ESihf yk*v ~ u d rvkyu f ikd f Ekid o f nfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk Ekid if aH wmfu jynfypD;yGm;a&;todynm&Si/f twwfynm&Sif rsm;ESihf aiGa=u;t&if;tES;D rsm;ud&k ,l+y;D vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? (c) pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;wk@d ukd jynfoyl idk o f rd ;f ,lrnfr[kw?f aiGa=u;udk w&m;0ifaiGtjzpf &yfpjJ cif;rsm; ðyvkyrf nfr[kwyf g? (*) owWKESiahf usmufrsu&f wem wl;azmfxw k v f yk rf E_ iS ahf &mif;csrr_ sm;udk Oya'jyÏmef;I zufpyf ESiyhf *k v ~ u d vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm; aqmif&u G cf iG ahf y;rnf? (C) wkid ;f jynf. pD;yGm;a&;zG@H òz;d wk;d wufrt _ vk@d imS vuf0,fxm;&St d yfaomvkyif ef;rsm;udk csuf csi;f pGe@f vw $ v f u dk &f ojzifh jynfwiG ;f pD;yGm;a&;ysujf ym;+y;D tvkyv f ufrw hJ ;dk yGm;aprnfh vkyif ef; trsK;d tpm;rSty/ use&f adS omjynfoyl idk v f yk if ef;rsm;udk xkcaJG &mif;cs zsuo f rd ;f ypfrnf? csucf si;f xkcGJa&mif;csjcif;rðyEdkifaom jynfolykdifpuf¶kH/ tvkyf¶kHrsm;twGuf jynfolydkifvkyfief;wkd@. t&if;tES;D ESiv hf yk if ef; zG@J pnf;yku H dk acwftajctaeESiahf vsmn f pD mG jyifqifvyk af qmifomG ;rnf? rvkt d yfaom tydu k ek u f srr_ sm;udk wif;usypf mG wm;qD;aqmif&u G rf nf? (i) ay;qyf&ef&adS om jynfyaºu;G +rrD sm;udk umvtuef@towfjzifh qkid ;f iHx h m;ay;&ef aqmif &Gu&f if;/ Ekifd if jH yefvnfxal xmifa&;twGuf Ekid if w H umaiGa=u;tultnDopfrsm;udk xyfrH &&Sad tmif aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? (p) aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;0g't&/ rdrEd ikd if . H pD;yGm;a&;zG@H òz;d wk;d wufru _ kd tusK;d ðyapaom Ekid if jH cm; &if;ES;D ðryfErHS r_ sm;udck iG ðhf yrnf? (q) EkdifiHawmfuw&m;0ifxkwfaomaiGa=u;rsm;udk EkdifiHawmfuvkH;0wm0ef,ljcif;jzifh jynforl sm;u ,k=H unfpw d cf srt _ jynft h 0 &Sad p&rnf? (Z) wkid ;f jynfopfwnfaqmufa&;ydik ;f wGif - rsK;d qufopfrsm;. ynma&;ydik ;f wGiv f nf;aumif;/ pD;yGm;ukeo f , G af &;tydik ;f wGiv f nf;aumif;/ pdu k yf sK;d a&;tm;ðyaom tjcm;vkyif ef;}u;D rsm;wGif vnf;aumif;/ vlxkqufoG,fa&;u¾wGifvnf;aumif; acwfrDwkd;wufaomenf;ynm/ twwfynmrsm; us,jf yef@pmG ok;H pGv J map&ef óu;d yrf;rnf?

14?

468

ydk@aqmifqufoG,fa&;u¾ (u) ukeaf ps;E_e;f rsm;usqif;r_ukd a&S ¶_I/ ukepf nfp;D qif;r_ vsijf refacsmarG@ap&ef/ yd@k aqmif a&;u¾udk twwfEidk q f ;Hk ðyjyifw;dk cs J oGm;rnf? (c) Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;wk;d wufra_ emufusaeaom a'orsm;zG@H òzd;atmif vrf;yef; qufo, G af &;vkyif ef;rsm;udk ðyjyifw;dk cs J oGm;rnf? (*) qufo, G af &;vkyif ef;rsm; vsijf ref+y;D / acsmarG@ap&ef vkt d yfovkEd iS hf tajctaeay;ovkd ðyjyifw;kd cs J oGm;rnf? (C) ava=umif;vkyif ef;udk Ekid if jH cm;ukr% ` w D @kd EiS hf zufpyfxal xmifomG ;rnf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

v,f,mu¾ 15? v,f,mvkyif ef;ESihf awmifov l ,form;wk@d . v,f,mpD;yGm;a&;zG@H òz;d r_ wk;d wufvmap&ef atmuf ygajr,mrl0g'ESit hf nD aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf æ (u) v,fvyk o f l awmifov l ,form;wkid ;f onf/ ajr,mykid q f idk cf iG hf v$aJ jymif;ykid cf iG &hf adS p&rnf? ajr&Si}f u;D pepf jyefvnfouf0ifrvmap&ef Oya'jzifw h m;jrpfrnf? (c) v,f,mxGuo f ;D ESaH ps;E_e;f onf aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;udt k ajccHaom xkwv f yk rf p_ &dwEf iS hf awmifov l ,form;wk@d . vlaer_p&dww f @dk ukd umrdaomaps;E_e;f onf tedrq hf ;Hk aps;E_e;f tjzpf wydik ;f wGit f mrcHI/ tjcm;wydik ;f wGif Ekid if w H umaps;uGuaf yguaf ps;/ jynfwiG ;f ayguaf ps;wk@d EiS hf vnf; ndE id_ ;f rnf? (*) vGwv f yfpmG pdu k yf sK;d jcif;/ vGwv f yfpmG okad vSmifjcif;/ vGwv f yfpmG }uw d cf jJG cif;/ vGwv f yfpmG o,f,yl @kd aqmifjcif;/ vGwv f yfpmG a&mif;csjcif;wk@d ukd cGiðhf yrnf? (C) b¾a&;tajctaeudak xmufqum/ v,f,majrðyjyifxed ;f odr;f a&; vkyif ef;wk@d twGuf umvwk/d umv&Snaf cs;aiG/ trawmfa=u;aiGrsm;udk xkwaf y;Ekid &f ef pdu k yf sK;d a&;b%fpepfukd wk;d cs J aqmif&u G rf nf? (i) b¾a&;tajctaeudak xmufqum/ ajrvGwaf jr¶kid ;f rsm;wk;d cs J a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk txl; tm¶kpH u dk af qmif&u G rf nf? (p) b¾a&;tajctaeudak xmufqum/ rsK;d aumif;rsK;d oef@txGuw f ;dk rsK;d pyg;rsm; tvG,f wul&&Sad &;ESihf pdu k yf sK;d Ekid af &;udk tm;ay;ulnrD nf? (q) b¾a&;tajctaeudkaxmufqum/ "mwfajr=oZmtvkHtavmuf&&Sda&;twGuf jzpfEikd o f r# aqmif&u G af y;rnf? (Z) b¾a&;tajctaeudak xmufqum/ pufrv _ ,f,mvkyif ef;ESiyhf wfoufaom acwfrD pdu k yf sK;d a&;enf;ynmqkid &f m pufypPn;f ud&, d mrsm;xkwv f yk jf cif;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&u G rf nf? (ps) v,f,mpku d yf sK;d a&;wGif qefpyg;ESiphf ufru _ ek =f urf;xkwv f yk rf u _ o kd m uef@owfrxm;bJ/ Ekifd if jH cm;aiGyrkd &kd &Srd nfh tjcm;oD;ESrH sm;ajymif;vJpu dk yf sK;d a&;udv k nf; tm;ay;oGm;rnf? (n) yk*v ~ u d pufrv _ ,f,mESihf ESp&f n S yf ifrsm;pdu k yf sK;d r_twGuf ajrvGwaf jr¶kid ;f rsm; wk;d cs J azmf xkwI f *&efucdk iG ðhf yrnf? (É) acwfrpD u kd yf sK;d a&; enf;ynmonfrsm; wk;d wufjyef@ymG ;a&;udak &S ¶_I Ekid if w H umtqifrh aD p &ef/ ynm&Sm;rS;D Ekid af &;twGuf tav;xm;aqmif&u G rf nf? (X) v,f,majr Ekifd if yH idk ðf yvkyaf &;Oya'/ oD;pm;csxm;a&;Oya'/ awmifov l ,form;rsm; tcGit hf a&; umuG,rf O_ ya'wd@k ukd jyefvnfo;Hk oyfrnf?

awmfuom pDrcH ef@co JG mG ;rnf? (c) opfEiS o hf pfawmxGuyf pPn;f rsm;udk jynforl sm;tdro f ;Hk tjzpf ok;H pGEJ idk cf iG u hf kd pepfwusprDd H aqmuf&u G af y;rnf? (*)u|e;f opfxw k v f yk af &;/ tajccHopfrmrsm;xkwv f yk af &;/ Ekid if jH cm;a&mif;csa&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk ynm&Sirf sm;ESihf jyefvnfnE d id_ ;f ok;H oyf+y;D pepfwusprD aH qmif&u G af y;rnf? (C) opfawmrsm;ðyef;wD;r_r&Sad p&ef ajrqDajrv$mxde;f odr;f a&; jyefvnfysK;d axmifa&;/ opfawm óud;0dkif;rsm; pepfwusjzpfa&;wdk@udk a&&SnfpDrHcsufcsrSwf taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf oGm;rnf? (i) jynfwiG ;f oH;k opfrmESio hf pfawmxGuyf pPn;f rsm;/ pufru _ ek =f urf; taxmuftulðyopfrsm; pdu k yf sK;d xkwv f yk jf zef@jzL;a&mif;csa&;wd@k ukd jyefvnfo;kH oyf+y;D wd;k cs J aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? (p) opfvyk if ef;ESiyhf wfoufaom pufu&d , d mESit hf ydyk pPn;f rsm;/ wd;k wufaomodyq H` idk &f m/ enf; ynmqkid &f m taxmuftulðyrsm;&&Srd w _ @kd twGuf urBmEh idk if t H oD;oD;&Sd tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo, G af qmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? (q) opfawmESihf opfawmxGuyf pPn;f rsm;tay:wGirf cDS adk eaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;/ tvkyo f rm;rsm;/ jynfot l rsm;. wEkid w f ydik o f ;Hk pGcJ iG rhf sm;ESihf ywfoufI oifw h ifrh #waom pnf;urf;enf;vrf;rsm;csrw S I f cHpm;ydik cf iG ðhf yrnf? (Z) yk*u ~ vdyidk q f ikd &f m opfpufrsm;/ xkwv f yk o f rl sm;/ opfawmxGuyf pPn;f rsm;rS ukeaf csm xkwv f yk rf v _ yk if ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u G cf iG /hf jzef@jzL;cGi/hf jynfwiG ;f §jynfyok@d a&mif;csciG u hf v kd nf; Oya'ESit hf nD jyÏmef;aqmif&u G af y;rnf?

opfawmu¾ 16? jrefrmEkid if o H pfawmvkyif ef;zG@H òz;d wk;d wufr_ &&Sad p&eftwGuf atmufygr0l g'rsm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G f oGm;rnf æ (u) opfawmvkyif ef;udk opfawmrðyef;wD;ap&efEiS hf obm0ywf0ef;usix f ed ;f odr;f xm;&ef Ekid if H

om;ig;u¾ 17? om;ig;vkyif ef;rsm;wd;k wufz@HG òz;d ap&eftwGuf jynfwiG ;f om;ig;rðyef;wD;a&;/ urf;eD;urf;a0;ig;rsm; rðyef;wD;a&;/ jynfov l x l . k tm[m&"gwzf @G òH zd;wk;d wufa&;/ a&vkyif ef;vkyo f m;rsm;. toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;ynmrsm;zG@H òz;d a&;wd@k ukd tav;ay;I atmufygw@dk ukd aqmif&u G rf nf æ (u) jynfwiG ;f om;ig;arG;jrLa&;/ wd&p>mefarG;jrLa&;vkyif ef;wk;d cs J aqmif&u G cf iG u hf kd yk*v ~ u d tm; OD;pm;ay;pepfjzifh aqmif&u G cf iG ahf y;rnf? (c) urf;eD;urf;a0;ig;zrf;vkyif ef;rsm;udk yk*v ~ u d OD;pm;ay;pepfjzifv h yk u f ikd Ef idk &f ef tm;ay;aqmif &GuI f / if;wk@d rvkyu f ikd Ef idk o f nfv h yk if ef;rsm;udk Ekid if aH wmf/ or0g,rESihf zufpyfpepfrsm;jzifh aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? (*) xkwv f yk rf /_ pnfow G rf /_ ukeaf csmtjzpf ajymif;vJxw k v f yk rf _ vkyif ef;rsm;twGuv f nf; aumif;/ jynfywify@kd a&mif;csrt _ wGuf vdt k yfaompufu&d , d m/ u|r;f usirf /_ xkyyf ;kd xkwv f yk rf _ t&if;tES;D rsm;ESiehf nf;ynmtultnDrsm; &&SEd idk af &;twGuv f nf;aumif; Ekid if w H umtzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf ndE id_ ;f aqmif&u G af y;rnf? (C) om;ig;rsm;pnf;oGwv f yk if ef;/ Ekid if jH cm;ok@d tqift h wef;rDy@dk Eidk &f ef enf;ynmrsm;&&Sad &;ESihf acwfru D rf;¶d;k wef; ig;zrf;oabFmrsm; ok;H pGEJ idk af &;wk@d ukd tm;ay;rnf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

470

469

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

18?

19?

20?

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; ynma&; (u) tajccHynma&;wGif rlvwef;tqift h xd/ roifrae&ynma&;pepfEiS hf tcrJyh nma&; pepfw@dk ukd Ekid if aH wmf. b¾maiGa=u;tajctaet&/ tqifq h ift h aumiftxnfazmfomG ; rnf? (c) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynmESihf tqifjh rifeh nf;ynmqkid &f m bmom&yfw@dk ukd cGjJ cm;oif =um;aprnf? (*) wkid ;f jynf.u¾toD;oD;udk tzufzufuacwfraD p&efEiS hf wuUov dk rf sm;. tqifjh rifrh m; wk;d wufa&;udk a&S ¶_I jynfyok@d ynmoifrsm;ydrk akd pvGwrf nf? jynfyEkid if rH sm;ESihf q&mrsm;/ ynmoifrsm; ydrk zkd vS,rf nf? jynfyrSu|r;f usio f rl sm;udk ydrk zdk w d af c:avhusiahf prnf? (C) Ekid if aH wmfucsrw S af om ynma&;rl0g'pDru H ed ;f wk@d EiS t hf nD tajccHynma&;rS wuUov kd f ynma&;txd q&m/ rdb/ ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. ndE id_ ;f aqmif&u G rf p_ epfukd ausmif; rsm;wGif usio hf ;Hk oGm;rnf? usef;rma&; (u) t"dutm;jzifh jynfov l x l u k se;f rma&;twGuf tema&m*góuw d if umuG,af &;udprP sm; udk vkt d yfovkpd rD cH sucf srw S I f aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? (c) tpk;d &aq;¶krH sm;wGif tema&m*guo k a&;twGuf vkt d yfaomaq;0g;rsm;udk vkaH vmuf atmif &&SEd idk af p&ef txl;tav;xm;pDpOfaqmif&u G rf nf? (*) tpk;d &aq;¶krH sm;wGif tzufzufY,d, k iG ;f csK d wJah eaom tajctaersm;udak jz&Si;f I/ aq;¶k. H t*F g&yfrsm;ESin hf n D w G af omtajctaeod@k a&muf&adS tmif aqmif&u G rf nf? (C) yk*v ~ u d aq;ukcef;rsm;udv k nf; Oya'ESit hf nDziG v hf pS af qmif&u G cf iG ðhf yrnf? (i) yk*v ~ u d use;f rma&;tmrcHvyk if ef;udk tm;ay;rnf? (p) tm;upm;ESiu hf m,ynmudk Ekid if aH wmfutm;ay;I tjynfjynfqidk &f m tm;upm;òyid yf JG rsm;wGif tqift h wef;jrifrh m;pGmyg0ifEidk &f eftwGuf vkt d yfaom avhusirhf r_ sm;ðyvkyaf y;rnf? (q) aq;ukoenf;/ aq;ynmrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I wk;d wufaomacwfreDS nf;ynm taxmuf tulrsm;&&Sad &;wk@d twGuf urBmu h se;f rma&;tzG@J EiS Ehf idk if jH cm;wkid ;f jynftoD;oD;&Sd aq;yg&*lrsm; ESihf qufo, G yf ;l aygi;f aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? vlr_a&; (u) rdbrJu h av;rsm;/ t&G,rf a&mufao;aom avvGiahf eoluav;rsm;ESihf tpGe@f y,fcH uav;rsm;udk Edik if aH wmfutxl;tm¶kpH u kd af pmifah &SmufI ynmoifay;jcif;/ toufarG;0rf; ausmif; tcGit hf vrf;rsm; zefw;D ay;jcif;rsm; aqmif&u G rf nf? (c) tkrd if;rpGr;f &So d rl sm;tm; apmifah &Smufa&;twGuf tpd;k &ESihf yk*v ~ u d apwem&Sirf sm;u yHyh ;dk uln&D ef aqmif&u G rf nf? (*) trsK;d orD;rsm;apmifah &Smufa&;udprP sm;udk tpd;k &u vkt d yfovkyd yhH ;dk ulnrD nf? (C) vlrz_ v l aHk &;vkyif ef;rsm;udk tpd;k &ESiyhf *k v ~ u d yl;aygi;f I aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

471

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 21?

,Ofaus;r_ (u) trsK;d om;,Ofaus;r_ ¶k;d &m"avhx;Hk pHrsm; rwdraf umap&efEiS hf zG@H òz;d wk;d wufap&ef xde;f odr;f umuG,af pmifah &Smufrnf? (c) Ekid if t H csi;f csi;f ,Ofaus;r_zvS,af &;tpDtpOfrsm;udk yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf?

wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;? 22? wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d toD;oD;onf rdrw d @dk &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ESihf wm0ef,rl w _ @dk wiG f wef;wl&nfwl &Sad p&rnf? xk@d jyif æ (u) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vk;H vufwrJG ðzwfpwrf; aoG;pnf;nDnw G rf j_ zifh jynfaxmifpk }u;D wnfwchH idk jf raJ &;/ jynfaxmifpzk @HG òz;d wk;d wufa&;ESihf jynfaxmifp}k u;D +ird ;f csr;f om,ma&;udk OD;wnfa&S ¶_rnf? (c) jynfaxmifpzk mG ;/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vk;H . tcGit hf a&;wef;wl&nfwrl u _ kd vufcv H suf rnfonfv h rl sK;d udrk # txl;tcGit hf a&;ray;a&;ESihf vlrsK;d EG,/f vlrsK;d pktm;vk;H . cHpm;xku d /f cHpm; tyfaom rnfonft h cGit hf a&;udrk # csKyfcsK,fuef@owfrr_ ðya&;udk OD;wnfa&S ¶_rnf? (*) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vk;H onf Ekid if aH &;/ tkycf sKyfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;u¾ paome,ftoD; oD;Y ud, k yf idk jf yÏmef;cGi&hf adS &;udk zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'ESit hf nD OD;wnfa&S ¶_rnf? (C) zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'opf ray:aygurf =D um;umv tpDtpOfjzifjh ynfo@l vw $ f awmfu Oya'jyÏmef;I &S+d y;D jynfe,frsm;twGuf tm%mydik t f zG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;ay;rnf? (i) e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tcsi;f csi;f yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf /_ uln, D idk ;f yif;r_/ 0dik ;f 0ef;yHyh ;kd r_jzifh jynfaxmifp}k uD;wckv;Hk ESihf jynfaxmifp}k uD;. jynfe,fa'otpdwt f ydik ;f toD; oD;. zG@H òz;d wk;d wufa&;udk OD;wnfa&S ¶_rnf? (p) 'Dru kd a&pDpepf atmifjrifpmG wnfaqmufEidk cf sed w f iG f jynfaxmifp}k uD;wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&;/ zG@H òz;d wk;d wufa&;/ +ird ;f csr;f om,ma&;/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vk;H aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;wnf; [laom/ 'Dru kd a&pDv@l abmif. tajccHtw k jf rpf}uD;rsm;udk tckid t f rmcsEidk af p&eftvk@d imS / yifvn Hk v D mcHuo hJ @dk aom jynfaxmifp}k u;D . tem*wfc&D;vrf;!¸erf sm;udck srw S Ef idk rf nfh wkid ;f &if; om;vlrsK;d aygi;f pkH trsK;d om;ndE id_ ;f r_nv D mcHw&yfukd ac:,lusi;f yrnf? (q) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d wkid ;f onf rdrw d @kd pmay/ bmompum;/ ,Ofaus;r_"avhxw Hk rf;pOfvm rsm;udk xde;f odr;f a&SmufciG /hf zG@H òz;d wd;k wufapcGi&hf adS p&rnf? (Z) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if . H tcsKyftjcmtm%m wnfwchH idk f jrJa&;/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vk;H pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;/ 'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;/ Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&;/ a'ozG@H òz;d a&;udpP tp&So d nfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpk wckv;Hk twkid ;f twmjzifh yg0ifaqmif&u G af p&rnf? vufeufuikd w f u kd cf u fdk rf r_ sm;ud&k yfpaJ &;? 23? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if . H tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnfwchH idk jf raJ &;/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; aoG;pnf;

472

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

nD!w G af &;/ 'Dru dk a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;/ tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm; wef;wl&nfw&l &Scd pH m;a&;/ Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; tcGit hf a&;rsm; wef;wlnrD #&&Scd pH m;a&;/ wkid ;f jynf. ,d, k iG ;f aeaomtajctae rsm; jyefvnfxal xmif&mwGif wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vk;H wufnv D ufnD yg0ifaqmif&u G Ef idk af &; paom tajccHrr_ sm;ukv d ufuidk x f m;I/ jynfaxmifpt k wGi;f ESpaf ygi;f (40) ausmw f idk af tmif r+y;D qk;H ao;aom vufeufuikd w f u dk cf u kd rf r_ sm;udk Ekid if aH &;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh ajz&Si;f tqk;H owfaprnf? pnf;¶k;H zG@J pnf;r_ 24? awmifov l ,form;rsm;. v,f,mukex f w k v f yk rf E_ iS hf vlaer_b0jri w hf ifa&;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ tvkyform;rsm;. ukefxkwfvkyfr_/ 0efaqmifr_ESifh vlaer_b0jr ifhwifa&;twGufvnf;aumif;/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;. ynma&;ESihf um,/ ^m%/ ,Ofaus;r_w@dk ysK;d axmifz@G òH z;d a&;twGuv f nf; aumif;/ ,if;wk@d .pnf;¶k;H zG@J pnf;r_rsm;udk atmufygtwdik ;f tm;ay;oGm;rnf ²²² (u) awmifov l ,form;rsm; ? ? awmifov l ,form;or*~z@JG pnf;a&;udk tm;ay;rnf? awmifol v,form;or*~rsm;onf tzG@J tpnf;taejzifh ygwED idk if aH &;rSuif;&Si;f I wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aom tzG@J tpnf;jzpf&efvo dk nf? yk*Kd~ vfwOD;csi;f tm;jzifh rdród uu d Ef pS o f uf&m Ekid if aH &;ygww D iG f yg0ifciG hf &So d nf? (c) tvkyo f rm;rsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm; ? ?tvkyo f rm;rsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm;. or*~rsm;zG@J pnf;I/ ygwD Ekid if aH &;ESiu hf if;&Si;f um tjynfjynfqidk &f mtvkyo f rm;tpnf;t¶k;H }uD;. nDvmcHjyÏmef;csuf ESit hf nDz@JG pnf;um wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aomtzG@J jzpf&efvo dk nf? or*~rsm;onf rdrw d @kd . w&m; r#waomtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk w&m;Oya'abmiftwGi;f rS ta&;qkyd idk cf iG &hf adS p&rnf? xk@d jyif æ (1) tvkycf ef@xm;a&;/ &mxl;wk;d jri ahf &;wk@d wiG f cef@tyfrnfw h m0efEiS x hf u dk w f efaom ynm t&nftcsi;f ESijhf ynf0h olw@dk uo kd m t&nftcsi;f ppfaq;r_t&/ tpOftvku d f w&m;r#wpGm jzpfap&rnf? tm%mt&Sed ;f ok;H I =um;jzwfcef@xm;onfh tcGit hf xl;cHtavhtxrsm;udk wif;usypf mG wm;jrpfrnf? (2) twwfynm&Sirf sm;/ todynm&Sirf sm;udk Ekid if aH wmf.vkt d yfcsuEf iS t hf nD Ekid if aH wmf tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wGicf ef@xm;rnf? pnf;urf;owfrw S cf sujf zifh jynfyEkid if rH sm;od@k vnf; oGm; a&muf tvkyv f yk cf iG ðhf yrnf? (3) ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh tepfemcHae&aom 0efxrf;rsm;twGuf jyefvnfpOf;pm; rnf? (4) tvky&f iS t f vkyo f rm;wk@d . 0g%Zd y ËdyuQajz&Si;f a&;onf r#wI w&m;Oya'ESit hf nD jzpfap&rnf? (*) ukeo f , G pf ;D yGm;a&;orm;rsm; ? ? pufrv _ ufrv _ yk if ef;&Sirf sm;/ oGi;f ukex f w k u f ek f vkyif ef;&Sif rsm;/ ukev f rf;a&vrf;yd@k aqmifa&;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;rStp/ tdrw f iG ;f r_vyk if ef;&Sirf sm;/ ukeo f nf/ yGpJ m;/ aps;qkid &f iS rf sm;/ acgi;f &GuAf swx f ;kd aps;onfrsm;ESihf taES;,mOform;rsm;ygrusef yg0ifaom ukef oG,pf ;D yGm;a&;orm;rsm;udk pepfwuspnf;¶k;H zG@J pnf;I wkid ;f jynf.pD;yGm;a&;zG@H òz;d wk;d wufr/_ rdrw d @dk b0jr iw hf ifrw _ @kd twGuf yk*v ~ u d u¾rS wufºuGpmG yg0ifaqmif&u G Ef idk &f eftm;ay;rnf? ul;oef;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

473

a&mif; 0,f a&;qkid &f m enf;ynmrsm;zG@H òz;d wd;k wufa&;twGuf enf;vrf;rsm; &SmazGumtm;ay;rnf? (C) vli,fausmif;om;rsm;? (1) vli,frsm; txl;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfEh idk if w H iG rf qkd wkid ;f jynf. tem*wf ta&;wGif tzd;k twefq;Hk tiftm;w&yfjzpfonf? 'Dru dk a&pDta&;udt k ajccHaom rdrw d @kd Eidk if H opftwGuf vli,frsm;tm; acwfryD nm&yfrsm;/ oif=um;ysK;d axmifay;rnf? (2) trsK;d om;Ekid if aH &;udOk ;D wnfonfh wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aom ausmif;om;or*~ukd zG@J pnf; cGiðhf yrnf? (3) wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aom ausmif;om;or*~rsm;onf/ trsK;d om;nD!w G rf . _ txdr;f trSwf jzpfonf? (i) trsK;d orD;rsm;? (1) trsK;d orD;rsm;onf tkycf sKyaf &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;qkid &f m &mxl;XmeE &W wk@d wiG f wm0eft& vnf;aumif;/ tcGit hf a&;t&vnf;aumif;/ a,muFsm;rsm;ESiw hf ef;wl tcGit hf a&;&Sad p&rnf? (2) ud, k 0f efaqmifumvESihf rD;zGm;+y;D owfrw S x f m;aomumvtwGi;f trsK;d orD;rsm;onf use;f rma&;t&/ Ekid if aH wmf.tapmift h a&Smuf cH,&l &Sad p&rnf? tvkyv f yk u f ikd af eaom trsK;d orD;rsm;twGuOf ya'ESit hf nD rD;zGm;csed t f em;,lciG hf cHpm;ap&rnf? ed*;Hk ? 25? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfukd u|Eyfk w f @dk xal xmif&mY/ urBmrh o d m;pktv,fwiG f tcsKyftjcmtm %mykid q f idfk rf /_ wEkifd if EH iS w hf Ekifd if w H ef;wl&nfw&l rdS /_ *k%o f u d mQ &Srd /_ jynfov l x l }k uD;. pm;/ 0wf/ ae a&;ajyvnfr/_ pk;d &drx f w d v f ef@jcif;/ Asmyg'ab;rS uif;vGw+f ird ;f csr;f r_ tp&So d nfh vl@abmifb0wk;d wuf jrifrh m;a&;wk@d twGuf jynfov l x l }k u;D . oabmxm;qENEiS t hf nD atmifjrifonftxd/ csw D ufomG ; &ef oEdÏM mefðyygonf? 26? Tod@k csw D uf&mY jynfov l x l }k u;D . wcJeufaxmufcrH /_ tm;ay;r_/ a0zefr/_ t=uaH y;r_EiS hf tjyef tvSen f E d id_ ;f azmfaqmifrw _ @dk onf &nfreS ;f csuyf ef;wdik o f @kd ta&mufcsw D uf&mY t"dutcef;rSyg0if onf[k tav;teufc, H yl ga=umif;? 'Dru kd a&pDa&; rkcsatmif&rnf

trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf? &ufp?JG 1989 ck/ Ek0d ifbmv (6) &uf?

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474

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf &efuek òf r

1? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyfr/S jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uukeaf om u|Eyfk w f @kd onf jrefrmouU&mZf 1352 ckEpS /f 0gacgiv f qef; (7) &ufEiS hf (8) &uf/ (1990 jynfEh pS /f Zlvikd v f 28 &uf ESihf 29 &uf) ae@rsm;wGif &efuek òf r@d / ausmufww H m;òr@d e,f&/Sd *ENcD rf;raqmifY pka0;a&muf&=Sd u+y;D / wdik ;f &if;om; jynfow l &yfv;kH .tusK;d iSm/ Edik if aH wmfa&;&mtjzmjzmESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ac:qdzk @GJ pnf;a&; udpt P 00wd@k ukd aqG;aEG;ndE i_d ;f wdik yf if=u+y;D oumv/ wnDw!Gww f nf;qH;k jzwfum T *ENcD ef;ra=unm pmwrf; udk xkwjf yefa=unmvdu k =f uayonf? 2? jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ESpaf ygi;f (30) twGi;f / yxrqH;k t}urd t f jzpf 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &uf ae@Y usi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ u;D wGif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f ae&m (485) ae&mtwGuf usif;yay;cJh&mY/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyfonf trsm;jynfolvlxk}uD;. wcJeufaom axmufcrH w _ @kd jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af e&m (392) ae&mwGif tEdik &f &dcS ahJ y onf? od@k &mwGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyo f nf urBm'h rD u kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;. usix hf ;kH rsm;twdik ;f zJ@G pnf;& rnfh tpd;k &w&yfukd cdik rf mpGmzJ@G pnf;Edik af vmufonfh xuf0ufausmf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tiftm;xuf ausmv f eG ±f rHk #ru/ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f a&twGu. f &mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80) ausmt f xd/ vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm;tEdik &f &dcS o hJ jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmftm; OD;aqmifEikd af omtaetxm;udk tcdik t f rm&&dS xm;+yD;jzpfayonf? 3? ,cktcg ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ u;D udk atmifjrifpmG usi;f y+y;D cJ+h yD jzpfayonf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ u;D +y;D v#if jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd ra&S;raESmif;umvY tjrefq;kH zJ@G pnf;ay;&rnf rSm"rRwmyifjzpfayonf? jynfov l x l u k vnf; Ttwdik ;f ar#mv f ifah e=uayonf? od@k aomf a&G;aumuf yJ}G u;D +y;D I &ufaygi;f (60) =umvmonfw h ikd af tmif jynfo h @l vw $ af wmfurkd zJ@G pnf;&ao;ay? a&G;aumufyw GJ iG f vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; trsm;pktEdik &f &dx S m;aom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf onf Edik if aH wmftwGuf avmavmq,ftusK;d pD;yGm;ESihf a&&Snt f em*wfumv tusK;d pDymG ;rsm;udk tajccH xm;I/ wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;pdw"f mwfjzifh yGi;f vif;aom/ ±d;k om;aom/ apwemtjynfyh g aom ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufnE d i_d ;f aqG;aEG;aqmif&u G rf r_ sm;ðyvkyo f mG ;&ef Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzJ@G o@kd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzJ@G rS tqdðk ycsuu f v kd nf; Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yf ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJ@G u wpHw k &mta=umif;jyef=um;jcif; r&dcS ahJ o;ay? 4? &[ef;&Siv f jl ynforl sm;/ v,form;rsm;/ tvkyo f rm;rsm;/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm; tygt0ifjzpfaom wdik ;f &ifom;jynfov l x l }k u;D onf Edik if aH wmfwiG f 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;uef@owfcH

xm;r_@a=umifh vuf&rSd suaf rSmufðyae&aom pm;0wfaea&;=uyfwnf;r/_ pd;k &drx f w d v f ef@ae&r_EiS hf aomu Asmyg'ab;rS uif;v$waf &;wd@k twGuf 'Dru kd a&pDtyk cf sKyfa&;pepfukd tjrefq;kH ul;ajymif;a&muf&&Sd ef qEN jyif;jyv#u&f aSd eayonf? 5? 'Dru kd a&pDpepfuu kd sio hf ;kH onfh ,Ofaus;aomvl@tzJ@G tpnf;wdik ;f / Edik if w H ikd ;f wGif jynfo@l vw $ f awmfukd tjrifq h ;kH aomr¾dKif}u;D w&yftjzpf jynfow l &yfv;kH u tav;tjrwfðyxm;jcif;tm;jzifh Edik if H *k%u f suo f a&udk jri w hf if=upjrJjzpfayonf? u|Eykf w f @kd jrefrmEdik if w H iG v f nf; 'Dru kd a&pDjynfo@l vw $ af wmf }u;D w&yf iGm;iGm;pGiphf iG w hf nf&aSd erSom usuo f a&r*Fvmxnf0gjynfph +kH y;D / urBmt h v,fwiG f av;pm;cH xdu k af om *k%t f *F gtaygi;f jzifh wifw h ,fayrnf[k u|Eykf w f @kd u tav;teuf,=kH unf=uayonf? 6? ,ae@jynfow l @kd &ifqikd af e&aom Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;paom t=uyftwnf;rsm;onf jynfow l @kd u ,H=k unfu;kd pm;pGm a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufvu kd o f nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zJ@G pnf;aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuomOD;aqmifI jynfo l qENEiS t hf nD ajz&Si;f tyfayonf? od k jzpf&m jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOGJ ya' tcef; (2)/ yk'rf (3) Y jyÏmef;xm;aom v$wf awmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; jzifzh @GJ pnf;&rnf [laom jyÏmef;csuEf iS t hf nD jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd tjrefq;kH ac:,l zJ@G pnf;ay;&ef ta&; w}u;D vdt k yfaeayonf? 7? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfz@GJ pnf;a&;onf wm0ef&=Sd uukeaf om oufqikd &f mrsm;tzd@k / w&m;Oya't& vnf;aumif;/ usi0hf wft&vnf;aumif;/ ysuu f u G jf cif;iSm vH;k 0rjzpfEikd o f nft h jyif/ jzpfay:aeaom jynfow l @kd .qENEiS hf wdik ;f jynf.tusyt f wnf;tajctaet&yf&yfw@kd ukd axmufxm;ygv#iv f nf;/ jynfo@l v$waf wmfac:,lz@GJ pnf;a&;udk ysuu f u G jf cif;iSm vH;k 0roifah v#m/f ysuu f u G jf cif;iSm vH;k 0rxdu k [ f k u|Eykf w f @kd cH,al yonf? 8? od@k jzpf&um; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd tjrefq;kH rjzpfrae arG;zGm;oef@pifay;&ayawmhrnf? jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOGJ ya' tcef;(1)/ yk'rf 2 (u) wGif v$waf wmfqo kd nfrmS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd qdo k nf [k jyÏmef;xm;csut f &/ ,ckay:ayguv f mrnfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmf r[kwaf =umif;udv k nf; u|Eykf w f @kd tav;teufc, H x l m;ayonf? Oya'ESit hf nDjzpftyfaomtm%m (od@k wnf;r[kw)f Oya'ESit hf nDjzpftyfaom tm%mv$J ajymif;a&;udpw P @kd EiS hf ywfoufI zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'w&yfukd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyfrS toifah &;qJx G m;&d+S y;D jzpfa=umif;od&&Sd I u|Eykf w f @kd uóuq d akd yonf? tqdyk g 1990 jynfEh pS /f ,m,Dz@GJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya' (rl=urf;) udk trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzJG@csKyftaejzifh tjcm;tzJG@tpnf;toD;oD;ESifh nd Ed_if;aqG;aEG;rnfhtpDtpOfudkvnf; u|Efkyfwdk@u axmufcaH yonf? T,m,Dz@GJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'tm;jzif/h Oya'ESit hf nD tm%mv$aJ jymif;a&;udk jzpf ajrmuftyfonf[k u|Eykf w f @kd u wnDw!Gww f nf;,lq=uayonf? 9? xd@k aemuf 'Dru kd a&pDjynfaxmifpo k pftwGu&f nfoefaom zJ@G pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'opf udk u|Eyfk w f @kd yg0ifaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuomv#if a&;qJjG yÏmef;twnfðy&ef wm0ef&aSd yonf? u|Eykf w f @kd uvnf; xdw k m0efukd xrf;aqmifaomtcgY us,jf yef@pmG ndE i_d ;f aqmif&u G o f mG ;=urnf jzpfayonf?

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476

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475

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478

477

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

2? 1988 ckEpS t f wGi;f ta&;tcif;rsm;jzpfay:cJo h jzifh Edik if w H 0Sr;f vH;k wGif tajctaet&yf&yf ,d, k iG ;f ysujf ym;cJo h nf? xko d @kd ,, kd iG ;f ysujf ym;cJo h nfh tajctaet&yf&yfukd tcsed rf x D ed ;f odr;f Edik &f ef twGuf jynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k tusK;d iSm wyfrawmfu Edik if aH wmftm%mt&yf&yfukd vH;k 0wm0ef,l cJo h nf? jynfol@v$wfawmftygt0if EdkifiHawmftm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk zsufodrf;vsuf EdkifiHawmf +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;um wm0ef}u;D (4) &yfukd aqmif&u G rf nfjzpfa=umif; a=u nm+y;D Edik if aH wmf.ta&;udpt P 00udk wm0ef,al qmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 3? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Edik if aH wmftwGi;f +idr0f yfyjd ym;a&;/ w&m; Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESiehf ,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;wd@k ukd xda&mufpmG xde;f odr;f Edik &f ef vdt k yfaom Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsu/f Oya'uJo h @kd tm%mwnfaomtrde@f rsm;udk xkwjf yefco hJ nf? 4? jynforl sm;. pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef yk*v ~ u d / or0g,rESihf zufpyfvyk if ef;rsm; vkyf udik Ef ikd af p&eftwGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfapaom Oya'rsm;udyk ,fzsu+f y;D vdt k yfaomOya'/ trde f !¸ef =um;csu/f Oya'uJo h @kd tm%mwnfaom trde@f rsm;udv k nf; xkwjf yefvsuf vufawG@taumiftxnf azmfaqmifvsu&f o dS nf? xk@d jyif Edik if aH wmf. a&&Snt f usK;d pD;yGm;;udak r#mrf eS ;f I vkyaf qmifoifo h nfrsm; udv k nf; vkyaf qmifvsu&f o dS nf? 5? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Edik if w H 0ef;vH;k wGif vrf;yef;qufo, G rf _ vHðk cH acsmarG@ap&efEiS hf wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf p&eftwGuf aqmif&u G o f ifo h nfrsm;udv k nf; aqmif&u G v f su&f dS onf? 6? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf rnfonfzh @JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udrk # vdu k ef m usio hf ;kH aomtzG@J tpnf;r[kwb f J Edik if aH wmfukd rm&S,af vm (Martial Law) jzifh tkycf sKyfaeaom tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif;/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@tpdk;&onf ppftpdk;&tjzpftkyfcsKyf vsu&f adS =umif;ESihf ukvor*~tygt0if urBmEh ikd if t H oD;oD;rS vufcx H m;onfh tpd;k &jzpfa=umif; tm;vH;k todyifjzpfonf? 7? Edik if w H um qufqaH &;ESiyhf wfoufI Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf vGwf vyfIwufºuaG om Edik if jH cm;a&;0g'udu k sio hf ;kH rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcJ+h y;D Edik if t H oD;oD;ESihf csp=f unfpmG qufqv H su&f o dS nf? Edik if t H csi;f csi;f oHwrefqufqaH &; wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf p&ef jrefrmEdik if &H dS rnfonfh oH±;kH udrk # ,cktcsed t f xd ydwyf ifjcif;r&Sb d J qufvufxm;&Scd iG ðhf y+y;D yHrk eS q f ufqaH eonfeh nf;wl Edik if jH cm; wkid ;f jynfrsm;wGif jrefrmoH±;kH rsm;udv k nf; ±kyo f rd ;f jcif;rðybJ qufvufziG v hf pS x f m;&Su d m yHrk eS q f ufqH vsu&f o dS nft h jyif ,cifuoH±;kH r&Scd ahJ om Edik if w H Edik if w H iG o f ±H ;kH topfw±H;k wk;d cs J zGiv hf pS cf o hJ nf? 8? jrefrmEdik if o H nf ukvor*~tzG@J 0ifEikd if jH zpfonfEiS t hf nD urBmEh ikd if aH &;udp&P yfrsm;ESihf ukv or*~qikd &f mvkyif ef;wm0efrsm; aqmif&u G &f mwGif ukvor*~qikd &f mjrefrmoH±;kH onf jrefrmEdik if . H Edik if H jcm;a&;0g'udk wduspmG vdu k ef maqmif&u G v f su&f o dS nf? Edik if w H umESiq hf ufq&H mwGif jrefrmEdik if o H nf +ird ;f csr;f pGmtwl,OS w f aJG exdik af &;rlEiS t hf nD vdu k ef musio hf ;kH vsu&f o dS nf? xd@k tjyif jrefrmEdik if o H nf rdr. d vGwv f yfru _ x kd ed ;f odr;f umuG,v f surf rd . d jynfwiG ;f a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif;rsm;udv k nf; ukv or*~yÉdnmOfpmwrf;ESit hf nD vdu k ef musio hf ;kH vsu&f o dS nf? 9? Edik if t H csi;f csi;f qufqaH &; ysujf ym;apr_ukd a&Smif&mS ;&ef oHwreftcsK d . oHwrefusi0hf wf azmuf

zsurf r_ sm;udv k nf; oabmxm;}uD;pGmjzifh oHwreftrnfEiS hf Edik if t H rnfrsm;udk xkwaf zmfjcif;rðybJ rdrdwdk@jynfwGif;a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;rðy&ef t}udrf}udrfajym=um;cJhonf? xdk@jyif oHwref enf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD oufqikd &f moH±;kH rsm;od@k vnf; ta=umif;=um;cJo h nf? ,if;od@k aqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh Edik if t H csi;f csi;f tpd;k &tcsi;f csi;f qufqaH &;ysujf ym;aprnfu h pd &P yfrsm;udk a&Smif&mS ;Edik cf ahJ oma=umifh ,ae@txd rnfonfh jy\emrS ay:aygucf jhJ cif;r&Syd g? oHwreftcsK d .vky&f yfa=umifh rdrw d @kd tpd;k &tay: txiftjrifvrJG mS ;r_rsm;udv k nf;oabmxm;}u;D pGmxm;IoHwrefenf;jzifo h majz&Si;f aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 10? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Edik if aH wmf.wm0efu, kd cl &hJ onfh tcsed rf pS I jynfaxmifprk òyu d aJG &;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf _ ròyu d aJG &;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%m wnfwchH ikd +f raJ &; wd@k ukd pGjJ rpJ mG udik pf JG aqmif&u G v f su&f o dS nf? wzufwiG v f nf; vufeufpu JG ikd f qlyal omif;use;f olrsK;d pHu k kd wyfrawmfom;rsm;. touf/ aoG;/ ac|; ajrmufrsm;pGmay;vªv#uf xd;k ppf}u;D rsm;jzifh acsre_ ;f cJo h nfrmS tm;vH;k todyifjzpfonf? wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;r[kwo f jzifh qlyal omif;use;f olrsm;ESihf Edik if aH &;enf;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;udk ðyvkycf jhJ cif;r&Syd g? od@k &mwGif vufeufuikd v f rf;pOfupkd e$ @f vw $ I f tvif;0ifvmolrsm;udkrl aumif;rGefpGmvufcHóudqdkI jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk tzGJ@ tpnf;jzifh aqmif&u G v f su&f o dS nf? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Edik if aH &;tpd;k & r[kwo f jzifh rnfonfv h ufeufuikd f aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;ESirhf # Edik if aH &;enf;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif; ðy&efta=umif;r&Sad y? 11? Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f yEdik &f ef ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&SiOf ya'udjk yÏmef;vsuf ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f kd zG@J pnf;ay;cJo h nf? a&G;aumufy0JG ifvakd om Edik if aH &;ygwD rsm;rSwyf w kH ifEikd &f ef Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'udk jyÏmef;cJo h nf? xd@k jyif vGwv f yfIw&m;r# waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yEdik &f ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk vnf; jyÏmef;ay;cJo h nf? 12? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (3) wGif v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESihf tnD a&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf [lI jyÏmef;yg&dS onf? ,if; jyÏmef;csuEf iS t hf nD v$waf wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzG@J u aqmif&u G af y;rnf? xko d @kd v$waf wmfac:,lEikd af &;twGuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f aqmif&u G &f efupd &P yfrsm;/ a&G;aumufyw JG iG u f , kd pf m;vS,t f a&G;cH&onfyh gwrD sm; ESihf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f ta&G;cH&onfyh *k Kd~ vfrsm;u aqmif&u G &f efupd &P yfrsm;udk Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESihf tnDaqmif&u G x f m;=u&ef tcgtm;avsmpf mG owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzG@J u &Si;f vif;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? 13? ,ae@ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+y;D onfh aemufyikd ;f wGif v$waf wmfac:,l a&;/ t%mv$aJ jymif;a&;udprP sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I pmapmifrsm;xkwaf 0aejcif;/ aqG;aEG;jiif;cHjk cif;/ jynfytoH v$iXhf mersm;rS a&S aqmifvrf;jyvkyjf cif;/ aoG;xd;k vH@_ aqmfjcif;/ w&m;r0if pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;xkwaf 0jcif; rsm; ðyvkyaf e=uonf? 14? v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESiyhf wfoufI txufwiG f &Si;f vif;azmfjycJ+h y;D jzpfonf? tm%m v$aJ jymif; a&;udpEP iS phf yfvsO;f I Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUÏu wdik ;f rª;rsm;/ wyfrrª;rsm;/ jynf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

480

479

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

e,fEiS hf wdik ;f +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUÏrsm;tm; tcgtm;avsmpf mG ajym=um;cJo h nfh rde@f ceG ;f rsm;wGif !¸ejf ycJ+h y;D jzpfonf? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;rª; (1) taejzifv h nf; 1990 jynfh ESp/f Zlvikd v f (13) &ufae@wiG u f si;f yonfh (100) }urd af jrmuf owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGYJ wdwv d if; vif; ajymqdck +hJ y;D jzpfonf? 15? Ekid if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;w&yfonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf w&yfay:ayguv f m±Hjk zifh Oya'ðyr_tm%m/ pDrcH ef@crJG t _ m%mESihf w&m;pD&ifrt _ m%m[laom tcsKyftjcmtm%m (3) &yfukd tvdt k avsmuf r&&Sb d J tajccHOya'w&yftay: tajcðyIom&,lEikd af =umif; txl;&Si;f vif;&efvrkd nf r[kwyf g? 1947 ckEpS /f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'onf 1947 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (24) &ufae@wiG f wkid ;f jynfðyv$wf awmfuvufcI H Oya'tjzpftwnfðycJo h nf? od@k aomf xkt d ajccHOya'tm%mwnf+y;D trSew f u,f tusK;d oufa&mufonfrmS jrefrmEdik if H vH;k 0vGwv f yfaomtcsKyftjcmtm%mydik Ef ikd if aH wmfjzpfa=umif; a=unmonfh 1948 ckEpS /f Zefe0g &Dv (4) &ufae@wiG rf jS zpfonfukd Oya'a=umif;t& txift&Sm; awG@Eikd o f nf? Edik if w H ck. zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'w&yfonf vGwv f yfa&;r&rD a&;om;xm;onfOh ya'ESihf vGwv f yfa&;&So d nfah emufrS a&;om;onfOh ya'[lI ESprf sK;d &So d nf? vGwv f yfa&;&&Scd =hJ uonfh urBmEh ikd if H toD;oD;wGif tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk vufqyk v f ufuikd &f +yD;rSom wkid ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfuakd c:,lI zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk a&;qG=J uonfh tpOftvm&So d nf// jrefrmEkid if w H iG rf l wkid ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfwiG f zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'udak &;qG+J y;D rS vGwv f yfa&;a=unmcJ&h onf? xdo k @kd aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;onf xdt k csed u f Edik if aH cgi;f aqmifrsm;taejzifh +Aw d o d #w@kd xrH S +ird ;f csr;f aomenf;jzifh vGwv f yfa&;udk tjref&,lvakd om qENa=umifh aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;jzpfa=umif;rSm xif&mS ;onf? 16? 1974 ckEpS /f tajccHOya'udak vhvmygu vGwv f yfa&;&&S+d y;D aemuf a&;qGjJ cif;jzpf+y;D jynfo@l qEN cH,yl jJG zifjh yÏmef;cJah om Oya'jzpfonfukd rnforl #jiif;qdjk cif; ðyEdik rf nfr[kwyf g? 17? 1947 ckEpS /f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyyf t kH ajccHOya'onf vGwv f yfa&;r&rDa&;qGo J nfh Oya'jzpf+y;D 1974 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'onf vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;rSa&;qGJonfh Oya'jzpfa=umif; uGmjcm;csufudk txl;owdðy=u&efvo kd nf? 18? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ uonfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D rsm; pk.qENrmS zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'opfa&;qGaJ &;jzpfa=umif; ,if;wd@k . oabmxm;a=unmcsurf sm;t& od&EdS ikd o f nf? 1974 ckEpS /f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'a&;qGpJ Ofu wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;ta&;ESiyhf wfouf I yifvn kH v D mcHwiG f &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f vlrsK;d pkrsm;ESio hf m aqG;aEG;ndE i_d ;f cJ+h y;D rGe/f &cdik pf aom vlrsK;d pkrsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;ndE i_d ;f r_r&Sad =umif; awG@=u&rnfjzpfonf? ,ae@jrefrmEdik if w H iG f Edik if aH &;t&Ed;k =um;vmaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; trsm;tjym;&S&d m if;wd@k . qENoabmrsm;udn k E d i_d ;f &,l+y;D cdik rf monfzh @JG pnf;yHk tajccHOya'opfw&yf a&;qGjJ yÏmef;&ef txl;vdt k yfaea=umif; xif&mS ;aeonf? 19? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ppftpd;k &w&yfjzpfonfEiS t hf nD rm&S,af vm (Martial Law) Oya'udk udik p fu JG sio hf ;kH aeonfh tpd;k &jzpfonf? xdo k @kd jzpfonfEiS t hf nD jrefrmEdik if t H m; atmufygtwdik ;f tm%moH;k &yfjzifh usio f ;kH vsu&f o dS nf? (u) Oya'ðyr_tm%m ? ? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J uom usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG &hf o dS nf?

(c) pDrcH ef@crJG t _ m%m? ? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG &hf o dS nf? od@k &mwGif ,if;tm%mudk tpd;k &tzG@J EiS w hf uG jynfe,f/ wkid ;f / òr d e,fp/k òr d e,f/ &yfuu G /f aus; &Gmtkypf k +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J tqifq h ift h m; cGaJ 0ay;vsuf pDrcH ef@caJG &;udp&P yfrsm;udk pkaygi;f acgi;f aqmifrj_ zifh wm0efay;aqmif&u G af pvsu&f o dS nf? ,if;od@k aqmif&u G af pjcif;rSm zG J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESit hf nD ay:ayguv f mrnfh tpd;k &vufxufwiG f 0efxrf;rsm;onf Xme qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;udk Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf uif;&Si;f pGmaqmif&u G Ef ikd af p&ef avhusiahf qmif&u G af y;ae jcif;jzpfonf? (*) w&m;pD&ifrt _ m%m ? ? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u usio f ;kH ydik cf iG hf &So d nf? od@k &mwGif zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ay:ayguv f monft h csed w f iG f tavhtusi&hf ap&ef omref&mZ0wfrE_ iS hf w&m;rr_ponfrsm;udk w&m;±H;k tqifq h ifzh @JG pnf;+y;D ppfaq;pD&ifapvsu&f dS onf? 20? xd@k a=umifh ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforl sm;ua&G;aumufwifajr mufvu kd af om ud, k pf m; vS,rf sm;onf tem*wf'rD u kd a&pD Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk a&;qG=J u&efwm0ef&o dS nfh yk*Kd~ vf rsm;jzpfonf? 21? Edik if aH wmftm%m&,la&;twGuf ,m,Dz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;qGI J tpd;k &zG@J pnf;jcif;udk rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf # vufcEH ikd rf nfr[kwo f nft h jyif xdo k @kd aqmif&u G yf gu Oya'ESit hf nD xda&mufpmG ta&;,lrnfjzpfa=umif;ESifh jynfol@qENESifhtnD cdkifrmaomzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'opft& ay:ayguf vmrnfh tpd;k &w&yf rzG@J pnf;rD=um;umvwGif Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J taejzifh (u) jynfaxmifprk òyduaJG &;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf r_ òyduaJG &;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%m wnfwcH ikd +f raJ &;[lonfh ta&; (3) yg;? (c) Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J a=unmcsut f rSwf (1§88) wGif yg&adS om w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;/ vrf;yef;qufo, G rf _ vHðk caH csmarG@apa&;/ jynfolrsm;. pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfapa&;ESifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usi;f ya&; ponfv h yk if ef;wm0ef}uD; (4) &yfteuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;wm0efrt S yjzpfaom vkyif ef;wm0ef}u;D (3) &yfEiS hf (*) jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vH;k . zG@H òz;d wd;k wufa&;twGuaf qmif&u G &f ef vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udt k av;*±kðyumuG,af pmifah &SmufomG ;rnfjzpfa=umif;a=ujimvdu k o f nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

482

481

trde@f t&

(yH)k cif!eG @f Adv k cf sKyf twGi;f a&;rª; (1) Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ ÙÙÙÙÙ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (Martial Law) t&

oufaorsm;a&muf&adS p&ef &Jt&m&Su d qifq h Edk idk o f nft h m%m Ttrde@f t&pkpH rf;axmufvrS ;f jcif;ðyaom rnfonf&h t J &m&Srd qk/d ay;xm;aomowif;t& jzpfap/ tjcm;enf;t&jzpfap/ tr_tjzpftysufta=umif;t&mrsm;udkodu|rf;ykHay:aom rdrd&J pcef; e,fajrtwGi;f / (ok@d r[kw)f qufpyfaeaom&Jpcef;e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd rnfo h @l urkd qkrd rd ad &S od@k a&muf&adS p&ef trde@f pmjzifq h ifq h Edk idk o f nf? 4? xkd@tjyif EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@uxkwfjyefcsuf rSefor#wkd@onf

xkwjf yefjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf Oya'ðy tm%m/ tkycf sKyfrt _ m%m/ w&m;pD&ifrt _ m%mok;H &yfuo kd ;Hk pGaJ eonfjzpfa=umif;/ od@k jzpfI if;wd@k xkwjf yefonfah =unmcsurf sm;udk trsm;uvku d ef m&efjzpfa=umif; oufqidk &f muajym=um;ygonf? 5? tu,fI a=unmcsuf (1§90) udrk vku d ef mygu (u) vufrw S af &;xk;d &rnfph mwGiyf ;l wGx J m;onfyh *k Kd~ vfrsm;tm; yk'rf (160) t& ta&;,l tjypfay;Ekid o f nf? (c) xk@d tjyif txufyg tyd'k cf JG (C) t&oufqidk &f mygwu D v dk nf; zsuo f rd ;f jcif;cH&Ekid yf g onf? 6? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf/ rdrt d zG@J csKyfwiG yf g0ifaqmif&u G af e=uolrsm;tm; yk*Kd~ vf t&ta&;,ltjypfay;cH&jcif;xuf/ 1988ck/=o*kwfv (8) &ufae@ 'Drkdua&pDawmif;cHr_rsm;t& wnf aqmufc+hJ y;D jynfow l @dk ,=Hk unfu;kd pm;onft h zG@J csKyf ysuðf yef;oGm;rnft h jzpfukd vk;H 0 (vk;H 0) vufrcHEidk af y? 7? rdrdwkd@tzGJ@csKyfudk pwifwnfaxmifcJhonfhae@rSpI ,ae@xufwkdifatmif }uD;pGmaom t=uyftwnf;/ tvSnt hf ajymif;rsm;t=um;rSyif &yfwnfrr_ ysujf ym;atmif/ w&m;Oya't& ¶ke;f uef v_y&f mS ;cJ&h ygonf? yxrtm;jzifh Ekid if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;w&yftjzpfvy_ &f mS ;Ekid &f ef rSwyf w Hk ifco hJ nf? 'kw, d tm;jzifh (e-o) ud&k ,lco hJ nf? wwd,tm;jzifh a&G;aumufyw JG iG yf g0ifI ,SOòf yid t f a&G;cHco hJ nf? 8? tu,fI tzG@J csKyt f m;zsuo f rd ;f jcif;cH&ygu/ jynfow l @dk u, kd w f idk af y;tyfxm;onfh 'Dru kd a&pD a&;wm0efrsm;udk rxrf;aqmifEidk af wmhbJ rdrw d @dk tzG@J csKy. f vkyif ef;udpt P 00udv k nf; rnfo@kd r#qufvuf aqmif&u G Ef idk af wmhrnfr[kwaf y? Tod@k tm;jzifh tzG@J csKyftaejzifh w&m;0ifEidk if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm; ed*;Hk csKyf oGm;rnfomjzpfayonf? 9? tzG@J csKyfonf qufvufI&Sio f eftouf0ifaerSomv#if Ekid if aH &;t&qufvufIpnf;¶k;H v_y&f mS ;Ekid cf iG &hf o dS nfjzpfayonf? od@k jzpfI tzG@J csKyf&iS o f efaejcif;utusK;d &Srd nfukd tav;teufxm; ygonf? 10? wu,fyh uwdjzpf&yfukd "rR"Xd mefusus qifjcifo;Hk oyfc=hJ uygonf? urBmo h rkid ;f wGif rnf onfEh idk if rH S t=uyftwnf;tcuftcJrsm;&Sad eygu 'Dru kd a&pDuv kd , G v f ifw h uljzif&h &SEd idk cf o hJ nfh om"u udrk awG@&&dS yg? 11? tu,fI tzG@J csKyfysuo f Ok ;f oGm;v#if tzG@J csKyfuu kd , kd pf m;ðyjy;D 0ifa&mufta&G;cHc=hJ uonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onfvnf; w&m;0if&yfwnfciG &hf awmhrnfr[kw[ f , k q l ygonf? 12? tzG@J csKyo f nf trsK;d om;w&yfv;Hk uvkv d m;awmifw h ae=uaom'Dru dk a&pDa&;udk pnf;urf; enf;vrf;wus+idr;f csr;f aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzif&h &Sad &;twGuf óud;yrf;vkyaf qmif=urnf[al omoEMXd mef jzifyh if trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf[I l trnfay;v_y&f mS ;cJjh cif;jzpfygonf? 13? rnfo@kd aomtcuftcJt=uyftwnf;rsm;&Sad eapumrl 'Dru dk a&pDa&;udk OD;xdyyf efqif vsut f ajctaeESit hf csed t f cgt& ,k=H unfcsuEf iS t hf rSef w&m;udk odjrifjcif;[laomrl/ rSeu f efpmG =upH nf awG;qjcif;ESihf vk;H v0&d,owdpu kd x f w k o f nfrh w l @kd EiS , hf OS I f v_y&f mS ;pnf;¶k;H =u&rnfomjzpfayonf? 14? Tudpu P kd òr d e,frsm;ESit hf ajccHtzG@J tpnf;rsm;wk@d o@kd óuw d ifcsjy&ef&nf&, G yf gaomfvnf; tcsed t f uef@towf&rdS E_ iS hf yk'rf (160) t& aqmif&u G Ef idk pf rG ;f r&Scd yhJ g?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

484

uef@owf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97§c) / taemufa&$*kHwdkifvrf; A[ef;òr e,f/ &efukefòr a=unmcsuftrSwf - 30§90 1? Ekid if aH wmfjidr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . (27-7-90) ae@pyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (1§90) tay:/ trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJ@u ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif yg0if,SOfòydifcJh=uonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;.oabmxm;udkawG@qkHar;jref;um atmufygtcsufrsm;udk 0efcv H ufrw S af &;xk;d apcJyh gonf? (u) a=unmcsuf (1§90) udak ocsmpGmzwf¶@_ avhvmod&+dS y;D jzpfygonf? (c) a=unmcsuf (1§90) udk vku d ef mrnf§rvku d ef mrnf? (*) a=unmcsuf (1§90) udk rvku d ef mygu yk*Kd~ vft&ta&;,lc&H rnfukd od&ydS gonf? (C) a=unmcsuf (1§90) udkrvkdufemygu ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; zsufodrf;cH&rnfudk od&ydS gonf? 2? ,if;ar;jref;csurf sm;udk usix hf ;Hk yk'rf (160) t& ac:,lar;jref;Ekid cf iG &hf o dS nfjzpfI/ ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;rS if;wk@d wm0efay;tyfvu dk o f nfu h , kd pf m;vS,yf *k Kd~ vfrsm;udk ac:,lar;jref;onf[k qkid &f mu qkyd gonf? Ttcsuu f kd oufqidk &f mygwu D vufrw S af &;xk;d &rnfph m&Guw f iG f twdtvif;a&;om; azmfjy xm;ygonf? xkd@tjyif if;vufrSwfa&;xkd;&rnfhpm&GufwGif oufqkdif&mtzGJ@tpnf;ygwD. A[dt k vkyf tr_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;. trnfpm&if;udv k nf; yl;wGx J m;ygonf? 3? jypfrq _ idk &f musix hf ;Hk Oya'yk'rf (160)rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfygonf? POLICE OFFICER POWER TO REQUIRE ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES Any police officer making an investigation under this chapter may, by order in writing, require the attendance before himself of any person being within the limit of his own or any adjoining station who, from the information given or other wise, appear to be acquainted with the circumstances of the case, and such person shall attend as so required.

483

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

15? xk@d a=umifh txufwiG af zmfjycJo h nft h a=umif;rsm;udk aocsmpGmavhvmaqG;aEG;=u+yD; TtzG@J csKyf A[dOk ;D pD;tzG@J u tzG@J csKyf.&yfwnfEidk af &;ESiahf &&Snt f usK;d twGuf (9-11-90) ae@ A[dOk ;D pD; tzG@J tpnf;ta0; (7§90) wGif t"dutav;xm;I qk;H jzwfcsucf srw S cf &hJ ayonf?

r&mjynfol@ygwD (r-y-y) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ òrd (ac: ) crdtrsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (r-c-r-n-z) rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf &Srf;jynfukd;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD vm;[ltrsK;d om;zG@H òzd;wk;d wufa&;ygwD trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD ta=umif;t&m? ? Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . uk, d pf m;vS,t f zG@J EiS ahf &G;cs,f cH&onfEh idk if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af cgi;f aqmifrsm;awG@qaHk &;? &nf!e¸ ;f csuf ? ? Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUÏ¶k;H . 11-7-90 &ufpyJG g pmtrSw/f 14§e0w (O) §yw 1? Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J .uk, d pf m;vS,t f zG@J onf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,cf &H onfh Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af cgi;f aqmifrsm;ESiahf wG@q&Hk ef tpDtpOf&dS a=umif;ESihf xko d @kd rawG@qrHk D v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;taejzifh jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'yg aqmif&u G &f ef&o dS nfu h pd &P yfrsm;udk +yD;jywfatmifaqmif&u G x f m;&S&d efvt dk yfa=umif; &nf!e¸ ;f ygpmjzifh oufqidk &f m Ekid if aH &;ygwD (27) zG@J tm; ta=umif;=um;cJ+h y;D jzpfygonf? 2? od@k &mwGif txufazmfjyyg (27) ygwt D eufrS trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDygwo D nf Ekid if aH &;ygwD rsm; rSwyf w Hk ifjcif; Oya' yk'rf 3/ yk'rf cGJ (c) ESi+hf ipd eG ;f aomvky&f yfrsm;ukd vkyaf qmifcjhJ cif;a=umifh ygwpD Hk 'Dru dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f 20-12-90 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (902) jzifh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D jzpfrw S yf w Hk ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsu+f y;D jzpfI ,if;ygwt D m; awG@qaHk &; ðyvkyaf wmhrnf r[kwaf =umif; today;ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf?

A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 1352 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf (11)&uf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Ekd0ifbmv (12)&uf? ÙÙÙÙÙ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUÏ¶kH;

odk@§

pmtrSwf? 14 § e0w (O) § yw &ufpGJ? 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 29 &uf

ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDuGef*&uf ureftrdsd K;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf u,m;jynfe,fvrl sK;d aygi;f pk'H rD u dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf u,ef;trsK;d om;rsm;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J u&ifjynfe,ftrsK;d om;rsm;tzG@J csKyf csif;trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uf wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;ygwD 'Drkdua&pDygwD 'Dru dk &ufwpfwuUov dk b f @JG &ESiahf usmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J em*awmifwef;a'owk;d wufa&;ygwD jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfaxmifpk"EktrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpkytkdyf;trsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDygwD

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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485

486

(cif!Gef@) twGif;a&;r ;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'

ud, k pf m;vS,o f nfvnf;aumif;/ a=unmonfah e@rS (10) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyo f nfh a&G;aumufyJG rsm;wGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG rhf &Sad p&? 80 (C) ? TOya't&jzpfap TOya't&ðyvkyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;t&jzpfap t&nf tcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f oljzpfa=umif; aumfr&Siu f a=unmjcif;cH&onfh ¶H;_ edrv hf w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f avmif; (od@k r[kw)f a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,o f nf a=unmonfah e@rS (5) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyf onfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG rhf &Sad p&?

(EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 10§91) 1353 ckESpf/ yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf)

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Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vdu k o f nf? 1? TOya'udk jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk jyifqifonfOh ya'[k ac:wGiaf p&rnf? 2? TOya'onf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' jyXmef;onfh 1989 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufae@rpS I tm%mwnfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf? 3? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf (11) wGif atmufygw@kd ukd yk'rf cGJ (n) ESihf (É) tjzpf jznfph u G &f rnf æ (n) Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u tcgtm;av#mpf mG owfrw S af =unm aom +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f mjypfrj_ zifjh zpfap/tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;r_qikd &f mjypfrj_ zifjh zpfap/ jypfr_ xif&mS ;pD&ifc&H jcif;/ (É) yk'rf cGJ (n) t& owfrw S af =unmcsuw f iG yf g0ifjcif;r&Sad om jypfrw _ ckcjk zifh jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if ,if;jypfro _ nf +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f mjypfr_ (od@k r[kw)f tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;r_ qdik &f mjypfrj_ zpfa=umif; Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J .qH;k jzwfc&H jcif;? 4? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'wGif atmufygw@kd ukd yk'rf 80 (u)/ 80 (c)/ 80 (*) ESihf 80 (C) tjzpf jznfph u G &f rnf æ 80 (u) ? Edik if aH wmfopPmazmufzsuyf ek u f efrj_ zifjh zpfap/ ao'%f (od@k r[kw)f woufwu|e;f '%fxu kd af om jypfrj_ zifjh zpfap/ jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&ojzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad =umif;/ aumfr&Siu f a=unmcH&olonf aemifwiG ðf yvkyo f nfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG hf r&Sad p&? 80 (c) ? yk'rf 80 (u) yg jypfrr_ sm;rSty tjcm;jypfrw _ ckcjk zifh jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr&Sda=umif;/ aumfr&Sifua=unm cH&olonf a=unmonfah e@rS (10) ESpt f wGi;f ðyvkyo f nfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif v$waf wmfu, kd f pm;vS,af vmif;tjzpf yg0if,OS òf yid cf iG rhf &Sad p&? 80 (*) ? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufcjhJ cif;onf ysujf y,fa=umif;/ a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@uqHk;jzwfI tpdk;&tzGJ@utrdef@xkwfjyefa=unmjcif;cH&olonfvnf; aumif;/ owfrw S x f m;onft h wdik ;f a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f sp&dwpf m&if;wifoiG ;f &ef ysuu f u G f ojzifh t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f onf[k a&G;aumufycJG t kH zG@J .qH;k jzwfc&H +y;D / aumfr&Siu f t&nf tcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f ol[k a=unmjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (od@k r[kw)f a&G;aumufyJG

1? jynfo@l vw G af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 11/ yk'rf cGJ (n) wGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumufwifajr mufcH&+yD;aemuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u tcgtm;av#mfpGm owfrw S af =unmaom +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f mjypfrj_ zifjh zpfap/ tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;r_qikd &f m jypfrj_ zifjh zpfap jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifc&H jcif;jzpfygu v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad =umif; jy Xmef; xm;ygonf? 2? jypfrw _ pHw k &mjzifh jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf tqdyk g Oya'jyXmef;csut f & v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfqufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG hf &Sd r&SEd iS hf pyfv#O;f I ,if;wd@k usL;vGecf ahJ omjypfro _ nf +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_EiS ahf omfvnf;aumif;/ tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;r_EiS ahf omfvnf; aumif; pyfv#O;f onfjh ypfr_ ([kwrf [kw)f owfrw S af y;&ef jyXmef;xm;onft h av#muf +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf aqmufa&;tzG@J u atmufygtwdik ;f owfrw S v f u kd o f nf æ (u) +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f m jypfrr_ sm;? (1) Edik if aH wmfopPmazmufzsuyf ek u f efr/_ (2) Edik if aH wmftpd;k &tm; t=unfnKd ysuaf tmifðyvkyrf /_ (3) Edik if aH wmfopPmazmufzsuf ykeu f efr}_ u;D ESiphf yfv#O;f I xdrcf sejf cif;/ (4) 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya't&jypfrr_ sm;/

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

488

487

EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ ( trdef@trSwf 4§91 ) 1353 ckESpf/ yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf) jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yg +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifhywfoufaomjypfr_rsm;udk owfrSwfonfh trdef@

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(5) tpd;k &v#K d 0Sucf sut f ufOya't&jypfrr_ sm;/ (6) vufeufrr_ sm;/ (7) jynfyod@k w&m;r0ifxu G cf mG r_/ jynfyrSw&m;r0if0ifa&mufr/_

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf; A[ef;òr e,f/ &efukefòr

(c) tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;r_qikd &f m jypfrr_ sm;? (1) cd;k r_/ (2) vk,ufr/_ (3) "m;jyr_/ (4) vdrv f nfr/_ (5) tvGo J ;kH pm;r_/ (6) r,m;cd;k r_/ (7) rk'rd ;f r_/ (8) vlc;kd r_/ aoG;aqmifqaJG c:r_/ tEdik t f xufcikd ;f apr_/ (9) trsK;d orD;um,da¹EyN supf ;D ap&eft=uEH iS hf vufa&mufr_ (od@k r[kw)f tEdik t f xufjyr_/ (10) yÉdoaE<qikd &f m jypfrr_ sm;/ (11) jynfw h efqmESyd u f yG af &; tufOya't&jypfr/_ (12) 1974 ckEpS /f rl;,pfxx kH ikd ;f ab;jzpfapwwfaomaq;0g;rsm;Oya't& jypfrr_ sm;/ (13) avmif;upm;Oya't&jypfrr_ sm;/ (14) t*wdvu kd pf m;r_/ (15) jynfoyl ikd yf pPn;f umuG,af &;tufOya't& jypfrr_ sm;/ (16) trsm;ydik yf pPn;f umuG,o f nfOh ya't& jypfrr_ sm;/ (17) Edik if jH cm;aiGvv J , S rf q _ ikd &f m jypfrr_ sm;/ (18) Edik if aH wmftvHOya't& jypfrr_ sm;/ (19) yHEk ydS o f rl sm;ESix hf w k af 0olrsm;rSwyf w kH ifOya't& jypfrr_ sm;/ (20) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya't& jypfrr_ sm;? ÙÙÙÙÙ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

489

pmtrSwf? 111 § pnf; (+idrf) § 96 ae@pGJ? 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&uf odk@ Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$ OuUÏ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ta=umif;t&m ?

? jynfov l x l u k a&G;aumufwifajrm ufay;vdu k o f nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udp?P

1? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u }u;D rª;usi;f yay;cJo h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f Edik if aH &;ygwq D o kd nfrmS ppfreS af om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDukd vufcu H sio hf ;kH aom tzG@J tpnf;udq k o kd nf? t& trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;wd@k twGuf jynfov l x l . k ppfreS af omqENuckd , H &l ef 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid f ta&G;cHcyhJ gonf? 2? ,if;a&G;aumufyYJG rJqENe,f (485) ae&mtwGuf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;cJ&h m trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu (392) ae&mwGiv f nf;aumif;/ tzG@J csKyf.tðrawtjcm;ygwD (2) ygwu D (4) ae&m/ aygif; (396) ae&mwGifvnf;aumif;/ rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajr mufay;cJhygonf? rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k wcJeufaxmufcrH a_ y;vdu k o f nfrmS txift&Sm;yifjzpfygonf? tcsKyftjcm tm%monf jynfov l x l x k rH q S if;ouf&rnf[al om 'Dru kd a&pDru l kd jynfov l x l u k azmfaqmifay; vdu k jf cif;rnfayonf? 3? Tqdyk g ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyo JG nf w&m;r#wI vGwv f yfaom a&G; aumufy[ JG k jynfwiG ;f jynfyESp&f yfv;kH u todtrSwðf y=uygonf? od@k aomf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+y;D pD;onfrS r=umrDyif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mukefusp&dwfrsm;ESifhywfoufI vnf;aumif;/ +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f mjypfrr_ sm;ESihf tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;r_qikd &f mjypfrr_ sm;ESiyhf wfoufI vnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G af pcJyh gonf? 4? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G; aumufyJG enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf (1§89) udk 30-6-89 &ufae@wiG f Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmuf a&;tzG@J . 31-5-89 &ufae@pjJG zifx h w k jf yefcahJ om Oya'trSwf (14§89) jzpfonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf

490

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk rSjD irf;I jyXmef;chyJ gonf? ,if;enf;Oya'rsm;wGif a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f sp&dwrf sm; ESiyhf wfoufI tcef; (13) Y aqmif&u G &f rnfh vkyif ef;tqifq h ifw h @kd ukd jyXmef;xm;cJyh gonf? xdjk yXmef; csurf sm;rSausmv f eG I f aqmif&u G &f ef enf;Oya'rsm;wGif cGiðhf yxm;jcif;r&Syd g? 5? od@k aomf aumfr&Sio f nf a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f sp&dww f ifoiG ;f jcif;ESihf ppfaq;jcif;vkyif ef;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf¶Hk;ESifh jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0ef}uD;Xmewdk@.tultnDjzifh a&G;aumufyGJ cH¶k ;kH rsm;zG@J I aqmif&u G cf yhJ gonf? ,if;od@k aqmif&u G &f ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESihf enf; Oya'wd@k wiG f vH;k 0jyXmef;xm;jcif;r&Sad =umif; awG@&&dS ygonf? 6? a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;jcif;ESifhywfoufI jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ enf;Oya'rsm; tcef; (14) wGiv f nf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufwifajr mufc&H jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f I uef@uu G f csurf sm;udt k qH;k tjzwfay;jcif;udv k nf; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' tcef; (14) wGiv f nf; aumif;/ wdwu d susjyXmef;xm;ygonf? xd@k a=umifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;.a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f s p&dww f ifoiG ;f &mwGif tm;enf;csu/f csK d ,Gi;f csu/f rSeu f efr&_ rdS &S/d a&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ enf;Oya'wd@k EiS hf nD!w G jf cif;&Srd &Sd paomudp&P yfrsm;udk oufqikd &f mv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (od@k r[kw)f ,if;. a&G;aumufyu JG , kd pf m;vS,Ef iS hf rJqEN&iS w f @kd u uef@uu G af v#mufxm;jcif;r&Sb d J aumfr&Sit f aejzifh ta&; ,lvyk yf ikd cf iG hrf &Syd g? 7? a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f sp&dwEf iS yhf wfoufI w&m;rJðh yusirhf r_ sm; jzpfEikd af om udp&P yfrsm;udk jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf (62) wGijf yXmef;xm;ygonf? TuJo h @kd w&m;rJðh yusirhf r_ sm; &Syd gv#if a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;ESiphf yfv#O;f I a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu G v f m$ jzifh uef@uu G &f rnfjzpfyg onf?

onf[al om ta=umif;jycsuf [lIvnf;aumif; jyXmef;xm;ygonf? 8? TuJo h @kd jyXmef;xm;onft h wGuf w&m;rJðh yusirhf r_ sm; &Sv d #if ¶_;H edrahf omv$waf wmfu, kd f pm;vS,af vmif;ujzpfap/ rJqEN&iS w f OD;OD;ujzpfap a&G;aumufycJG t kH zG@J .tqH;k tjzwfuckd , H &l ef uef@uu G f v$mwifoiG ;f &rnfjzpfygonf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;wGif aumfr&Siu f 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufyikd cf iG u hf kd jyXmef;xm;jcif;rawG@&&dS yg? 9? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'wGif jyXmef;xm;ygv#uf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumf r&Sio f nf a&G;aumufycJG t kH zG@J rsm;wGif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f csK d udw k &m;pG+J y;D jynfo@l vw $ f awmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf ysujf y,fa=umif;a=unmcJyh gonf? ,if;od@k aqmif&u G jf cif;onf jynfo@l vw $ f awmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'/ enf;Oya'wd@k EiS hf nD!w G jf cif;r&Sad =umif; awG@&&dS ygonf? 10? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) wGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G; aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&+y;D aemuf/ atmufygwckcEk iS +hf ipd eG f;v#if v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf quf vuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad p& [lI yk'rf cGJ (u) rS (ps) txd jyXmef;xm;ygonf? txufygtcsurf sm;rS vGI J jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad pEdik af om tjcm;+ipd eG ;f csurf sm; udk jyXmef;xm;jcif;r&Syd g? 11? xdkaemufEdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf Oya'trSwf(10§91)jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya'udjk yifqifonfOh ya'tm; 10/ 7/ 91 ae@wiG f jyXmef;vdu k yf gonf?

a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf - 64 (u) wGif æ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&oltm; uef@uu G af om a&G; aumuf yGJ uef@uu G v f m$ udk rnfonfv h w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;urqdk (od@k r[kw)f rnfonfh rJqEN&iS f urqdk yk'rf (45) t& aumfr&Siu f qH;k jzwf+y;D onfu h pd &P yfrsm;rSty ESpo f uf&mta=umif;jyI tpd;k &u ,if;udpt P vd@k imS cef@xm;aomyk*Kd~ vx f o H @kd owfrw S x f m;onft h wdik ;f wifoiG ;f av#mufxm;Edik o f nf? [lIvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf - 64 (c) wGif æ av#mufxm;olonf rdr. d uef@uu G v f m$ wGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufjcif;cH&oltm; uef@uu G Ef ikd o f nf? rdro d mv#if rJtrsm;qH;k &I a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H ol jzpfonf[k a=unmap&ef awmif;qdv k ykd gu atmufygta=umif;jycsuw f &yf&yfukd tajccH&rnf æ (1) av#mufxm;olomv#if cdik v f akH omrJtrsm;qH;k &onfrmS trSejf zpfonf[al om ta=umif; jycsu/f (2) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H ol &&Sad omrJrsm;wGif w&m;rJh ðyusirhf a_ =umifh &&Sad omrJrsK;d ryg&cdS ahJ omf av#mufxm;olonf cdik v f akH om rJtrsm;qH;k ud&k Edik f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

491

,if;Oya'yk'rf (2) wGif æ TOya'onf jynfo@l vw $ af &G;aumufyOJG ya'jyXmef;onfh 1989 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufae@rS pI tm%mwnfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf [k jyXmef;xm;ygonf? xk d a =umif h ,if ; Oya'onf aemuf a =umif ; jyef I tm%mouf a &muf x m;aom Oya'jzpfa=umif; awG@&&dS ygonf? Tod@k jyXmef;jcif;onf vH;k 0oifah vsmo f nfh vky&f yfr[kwyf g? ,if;Oya'yk'rf (3) wGif æ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (11) wGif atmufygw@kd ukd yk'rf cGJ (n) ESifh n (É) tjzpf jznfph u G &f rnf? (n) Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u tcgtm;avsmpf mG owfrw S af =unmaom +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzpfap/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&m jypfr_jzpfap/ jypfr_xif&Sm; pD&ifc&H jcif;/ (É) yk'rf cGJ (n) t&/ owfrw S af =unmcsuw f iG yf g0ifjcif;r&Sad om jypfrw _ ckcjk zifh jypfrx _ if&mS ; pD&ifc&H v#i/f ,if;jypfro _ nf +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f mjypfr_ (od@k r[kw)f tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;r_ qdik &f m jypfrj_ zpfa=umif;/ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . qH;k jzwfc&H jcif;[lI jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad paom jyXmef;csurf sm;udk xyfrI H wd;k cs J jyXmef;cJyh gonf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf/ qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG hf r&Sad pEdik af om jyXmef;csurf sm;tm; ,if;uJo h @kd jznfph u G jf cif;/ jyifqifjcif;rsm;udk jynfo@l vw $ f

492

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

awmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' (14§89) wGif rlvuvkyyf ikd cf iG rhf ay;xm;onfukd txl;owdðyrdyg onf? 12? if;aemufvnf;/ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf 10/ 7/ 91 ae@wiG f trde@f trSwf (4§91) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'yg/ +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f mjypfrE_ iS hf tusihf pm&dwyW sujf ym;r_EiS hf ywfoufaomjypfrr_ sm;udk owfrw S cf jhJ yefygonf? +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f m jypfr_ (7) ck ESifh/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qkdif&mjypfr_ (20) wdk@udkjyXmef;cJhygonf? ygwDpHktaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usi;f y+y;D aemuf (1) ESpaf usmaf usmcf ef@=umaomtcsed w f iG f jyXmef;cJo h nfh aemufa=umif;jyef tm%m oufa&mufapaomOya't&/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrx S w k yf ,fjcif;udk cHc=hJ u&jyefygonf? 13? oufqikd &f myk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; oufqikd &f mw&m;¶k;H od@k ac:,lppfaq;onft h cgwiG v f nf;/ rdrt d ay: wzufowfpyG pf cJG surf sm;udk ckcyH ikd cf iG t hf jynft h 0r&&Sb d /J w&m;r#wr_r&Sad om ppfaq;pD&ifcsuf wdk@jzifh jypf'%frsm;csrSwfcJhygonf? Todk@aqmif&Gufjcif;onf w&m;Oya'ESifhudkufnDjcif;r&Sdonfudk awG@&&dS ygonf? 14? wzef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'ygjyXmef;csuw f @kd EiS +hf idpeG ;f jcif;vH;k 0r&Sad om w&m;0ifajray: Edik if aH &;tiftm;pkwck jzpfonfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk 15/ 5/ 96 ae@rpS I jrefrmEdik if H w0Sr;f vH;k wGif oufqikd &f mòr d e,frsm;Y zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ ygonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG &f &Sad om rjynfph o kH nfph m&if;t&/ ud, k pf m;vS,f (238) OD; zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ ygonf? 15? w&m;0ifEikd if aH &;ygwjD zpfonfa=umifh omrefvyk &f ;kd vkypf Oft&/ trsK;d om;'Dua&pDtzG@J csKyfu/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy+JG y;D pD;onfh (6) ajrmufae@wiG f tzG@J csKyf.vkyif ef;&yfrsm;udk jynfov l x l u k if;wd@k .qENt& a&G;aumufwifajrm ufay;vdu k o f nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f rsm;ESiahf qG;aEG;I jyefvnfo;kH oyf&ef 26/ 6/ 96 ae@rS 28/ 6/ 96 (vdt k yfygv#if 29/ 6/ 96 txd) xd tpnf;ta0;w&yfukd usi;f y&efppD OfcyhJ gonf? oufqikd &f myk*Kd~ vfrsm;xH zdwpf mrsm;ay;yd@k cyhJ gonf? 16? Tod@k Eikd if aH &;ygww D ck. omrefvyk &f ;kd vkypf Ofw&yfukd pifòyiftpd;k &axmifrnf/ wyfr awmfukd xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd rf nf/ vlpv k al 0;jzifq h yl rl j_ zpfatmifzefw;D rnf [laom,lqcsurf sm;a=umifh tzG@J csKy. f jynfo@l vw $ f awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udzk rf;qD;jcif;jzpfonf[k zrf;qD;onfo h ufqikd &f mtm%m ydik w f @kd . ajymqdck surf sm;t& =um;od&ygonf? 17? Tod@k aompGypf cJG surf sm;onf tajctjrpfv;kH 0r&Syd g? 4if;tjyif Tudpo P nf jynfov l x l . k t=um;wGif rwnfr+idrjf zpfapEdik yf gonf? trSepf ifppfrmS trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfuusi;f yonfh tpnf;ta0;onf tm%mydik rf sm;. xifjrif,q l csurf sm;twdik ;f jzpfay:vmjcif;r&Sb d /J atmifatmif jrifjrif/ acsmacsmarmarm/ wnfwnf+ird +f ird Ef iS hf at;csr;f pGm+y;D qH;k cJyh gonf? Tonfuv kd nf; tm%mydik f rsm;taejzifh aumif;pGmod&+dS y;D jzpfygonf? 18? zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;teuf/ tcsK d tm; 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya'yk'rf 5 (n) jzifv h nf;aumif;/ tcsK d tm; Edik if aH wmftm; aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D vdo k rl sm;.ab;tE &W m,frS umuG,af pmifah &Smufonfh Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ yk'rf rsm;wyfI zrf;qD;

cJjh cif;jzpfygonf? 19? xdo k @kd zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ onfu h mvrsm;wGiv f nf; oufq f ikd &f mtm%mykid w f @kd u trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; acsmI h wenf;/ acsmufIwzH/k tvGaJ jymqdk jcif;/ aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cdr;f ajcmufjcif;paom enf;rsK;d pH;k udt k oH;k ðyI jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G af pcdik ;f onf[k =um;od&ygonf? xdak =umifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ f awmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f csK d onf rdrw d @kd . vGwv f yfaomqENt&r[kwb f /J ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrES w k f xGuf ay;cJjh cif;rsK;d &Scd yhJ gonf? 20? wzefzrf;qD;cH&jcif;rS jyefvw G af jrmufvmaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f csK d wd@k xHodk@ ouffqdkif&mtm%mydkifwdk@rS enf;rsKd;pHk;wdk@udktoHk;ðyjyefIE_wfxGufcdkif;aeonf[k v$wfawmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;xHrS =um;od&ygonf? OyrmwckrmS wOD;wa,mufuwGe;f tm;ay;I rdru d , kd yf ikd f qENrygbJ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrES kwx f u G af pcdik ;f onfo h abmoufa&mufonfh pmwapmifukd {&m0wDwikd ;f / ausmif;uke;f òr d e,f trSwf (2) rJqENe,frS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,u f 23/ 6/ 96 &ufpjJG zifh Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUÏ xHo@kd wifjyonfh pmjzpfygonf? Tpmudk rdwLW tjzpfy;l wGx J m;ygonf? 21? txufazmfjycJo h nfh vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;onf Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzG@J OuUÏ.rde@f ceG ;f rsm;jzpfaom wyfrawmf[m Edik if t H a&;tiftm;pktm;vH;k eJ@y;l aygi;f +y;D / Edik if aH wmf tusK;d twGuf nDn! D w G ! f w G ef @J aqmif&u G o f mG ;Edik zf kd tjrJwrf;óu;pm;aeygw,f [laom rde f cGe;f ESihf vnf;aumif;/ rdrw d @kd wyfrawmfonfEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;udyk pfy,fjcif;r&Sad =umif;/ wdik ;f jynf aumif;atmif vky=f u&efom ta&;}u;D a=umif; [laomrde@f ceG ;f ESiv hf nf;aumif;/ uGv J aJG eonfukd txl;*&kðyrSwo f m; xm;rdygonf? Tae@Ttcsed t f cgonf w&m;0ifygwD (10) ck &yfwnfvsu&f &dS mrS trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyfwzG@J wnf;udo k mypfrw S x f m;I ,if;tzG@J . jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ta=umif; trsK;d rsK;d jzifh Ekwx f u G af pcdik ;f jcif;jzpfygonf? 22? tcsKyt f jcmtm%monf jynfov l x l x k rH q S if;oufonfqakd om 'Dru kd a&pDrt l &/ jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k / vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyjJG zifh wcJeufaxmufcI H a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc=hJ ujcif;jzpfygonf? rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k qENukd rypfy,f aumif;yg/ EdkifiHtusKd;udkar#mfudk;I rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxk.qENudk OD;xdyfyefqif=u&rnfjzpfygonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf EkwfxGufvdkonf/ rEkwfxGufvdkonfudpPrsm;rSm jynfol@ v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (3) wGif v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD/ a&G;aumuf wifajr mufvu kd af om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f rsm;jzifzh @JG pnf;&rnf [laom jyXmef;csut f &vnf; aumif;/ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . a=unmcsut f rSwf (1§90) wGiyf g&o dS nfh ,if; jyXmef;csufESifhtnD v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;jcif;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u aqmif&u G af y;rnf [laom tcsut f &vnf;aumif;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yfay:ayguv f m+yD;/ v$wf awmf OuUÏxHwifjyI/ v$waf wmf.tqH;k tjzwfuckd , H +l y;D rSom aqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;jzpf&ygrnf? 23? txufyga=umif;rsm;a=umifh ,ckuo hJ @kd oufqikd &f mtm%mydik t f csK d u jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f csK d tm;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tjzpfrES w k x f u G af pcdik ;f jcif;rsK;d udk wm;jrpfay;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

494

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1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

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6? 7? 8? 9? 10? 11?

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(1) OD;atmifa&$ (trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf) OuUÏ (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 344)

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ud, k pf m;ðyrJqENe,f 392 23 11 5 4

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495

496

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jzpfymG ;pOf awm&GmwGipf pfab;'%fa&SmifaepOf zcifu, G v f eG cf o hJ jzifh acwWu&kd if0wf+y;D aemuf (10) wef; atmifjrifonftxd qufvufynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ykord òf r d / A[dt k rsK;d om; txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;aepOf 1936§38 ckEpS /f wEdik if v H ;kH ausmif;om;oydwjf zpf+y;D / ausmif;rSðyvkyo f nfh pDwef; vSnv hf nfqENjyyGrJ sm;wGif yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? ausmif;rSO;D pD;zG@J onfh yifev D il ,fwyfz@JG wiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? 1943 ckEpS af emufyikd ;f / touf (16) ESpjf ynft h +y;D wGif ppfx0J if&eftwGuf &efuek òf r d od@k a&muf &Scd +hJ y;D / ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf/ ppf0ef}u;D ¶k;H / A[du k if;wyf (,ck y'krmR uGi;f ae&m) wGif wyfom;tjzpf pwif0ifa&mufco hJ nf? Adv k o f ifwef;ausmif;wuf&eftwGuf t&nftcsi;f ppfpmar;yGEJ iS fh ppf0ef}uD;¶k;H vlawGppfaq;r_ ajzqkcd , H +l yD;r=umrD 0ifqmwef;vsm; (,ck orRwtdraf wmf0ef;twGi;f ) wGizf iG v hf pS f xm;onfh tcsujf yavhusiahf &;wyf&if;wGif oifwef;wufaepOf r*Fvm'kH wwd,ygwf Adv k o f ifwef; k af vmif;oifwef; wufciG &hf cJo h nf? 1944 ausmif; ( Third Bath of Officer Training School ) od@k Adv ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f wwd,ygwAf v kd o f ifwef;qif+yD; ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmfwiG f jyefwrf;0ift&m&St d vkyo f ifAv kd f (rDem¶du k &f cdS ef;)/ wvkid ;f ok;H yGihf txl;=u,fjzifh &mxl;cef@tyfjcif;cH&onf? wyfrawmfjyefvnfz@JG pnf;ay;rnft h pDtpOft& rsK;d cspw f yfrawmfzsuo f rd ;f onft h cg Zmwd &Gmod@k jyefvmcJo h nf? 1946 ckEpS w f iG w f uUov kd q f ufwuf&ef &efuek òf rd@o@kd jyefvmcJo h nf? &efuek òf rd od@k a&muf&+dS y;D rsK;d cspw f yfrawmfXmecsKyfziG v hf pS x f m;&m avmif;0pfpv f rf; (,cktif;,m;òrid v f rf;/ rif;uGe;f awm& bke}f u;D ausmif;0ef;) wGif ArmhwyfrawmftwGujf yefwrf;0ift&m&Srd sm;/ uENpD mcsKyft& a&G;cs,f cef@xm;aeonfo h wif;=um;I oGm;a&mufppHk rf;&m rlvwm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nfh awmfveS af &;wkid ;f trSwf (4)/ wyf&if; (102)pm&if;wGiaf emif jyefvnfz@JG pnf;rnfh ArmhwyfrawmfwiG f wku d ¶f u dk jf yefwrf; 0ift&m&St d jzpf (od@k ) t*Fvyd b f &k ifph pfwuUov kd w f iG f Adv k af vmif;tjzpfausmif;wuf&ef axmufcx H m; ojzifh t&m&Sdtjzpfjyefvnfav#mufxm;cJh&m (=unf; 3651) 'kwd,Adkvf(Second Lieutenant) tjzpfcef@tyfccH &hJ onf? xk@d aemuf jrif;jcHòrd@&dS +Adwo d #ppfwyfrpS pft&m&Srd sm;oif=um;ay;onfh tajccH ppfynmoifwef; wufa&muf&onf? xk@d aemuf 1946 ckEpS q f ef;wGif aròr@d (,ck jyifO;D vGi)f wGif t&m&Sd i,frsm;oifwef;od@k wufa&muf&onf? 1947 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmvwGif puFmyl&dS +Aw d o d #ta&S zsm;wyfrsm;qkid &f mXmecsKyfrS OD;pD;zGiv hf pS f onfh ppfqifa&;avhusirhf o _ ifwef;od@k 1948 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D v,ftxd wufa&mufc&hJ onf? 1950 ckEpS w f iG f w&kwjf ynf,el efe,fawmifyidk ;f &Sd w&kwjf zL (ulrifwef) wyfrsm;/ w¶kwjf ynf ol@wyfrawmf. xk;d ppfqifwu dk cf u dk rf a_ =umifh jrefrmEkid if o H @kd usL;ausm0f ifa&mufvmcJo h nfukd &Gw&f w G cf |cH |H ckcw H u dk cf u kd cf o hJ nft h wGuf ol&bG@J O;D jr ijhf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 1964 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (12) &ufae@wiG f awmfveS af &;aumifpaD =unmcsut f rSwf (59) jzifh taemufawmifwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyfwikd ;f rª;/ Adv k rf ;ª }u;D wifO;D tm; awmfveS af &;aumifp0D iftjzpf cef@tyfchJ onf? 1972 ckEpS /f {+yv D (20) &ufae@wiG f awmfveS af &;aumifprD S a=unmcsut f rSwf (100) jzifh Adv k rf ;ª csKyfwifO;D tm; umuG,af &;0ef}u;D Xme/ 'kw, d 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efay;tyfco hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS /f rwfv (3) &ufae@wiG f jynfaxmifpq k &kd , S v f pforRwjrefrmEdik if aH wmf jynfo@l v$wfawmf yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;rS Adkvfrª;csKyfwifOD;tm; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 0ef}uD;tjzpf

wm0efay;tyfco hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS /f ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r ;csKyfa[mif; OD;oef@Zmyeta&;tcif;/ 1976 ckEpS /f tvkyo f rm;ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif jynfov l x l t k xdtcdu k ef nf;atmif aqmif&u G cf o hJ jzifh jynfov l l xk. =unfnKd av;pm;r_ccH &hJ onf? 1974 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@rS 1976 ckESpf/ rwfv (6) &ufae@txd umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf (1-3-74§ 6-3-76) ESihf umuG,af &; 0ef}u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1976 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdeòf r@d / tusO;f axmifteD;&Sd txl;w&m;¶k;H wGi&f efuek w f idk ;f w&m;ol}u;D tzG@J OuUÏ OD;tke;f armif/ tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjzpf OD;jrwfw;dk / OD;armifarmif0if;wk@d yg0ifonfh &efuek w f idk ;f w&m;ol}u;D tzG@J o@dk jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG / owif;wyfz@JG r; ¶k;H / &Jr; OD;pd;k jrifu h Ekid if aH wmf acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; vky=f uo H wfjzwf&efppD Ofaqmif&u G rf /_ jrefrmhq&dk , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwt D m; zsu&f ef=uH pnfrE_ iS hf tm;ay;ulnrD w _ @kd jzifh Adv k }f u;D tke;f ausmjf rifEh iS hf Adv k }f u;D 0if;ode;f wd@k tm; Edik if aH wmfyek u f efrj_ zifh w&m;pGq J &kd mwGif odv#ux f ed cf secf o hJ nf[q k u dk m xnfo h iG ;f w&m;pGq J jdk cif;cHc&hJ I oufaotaxmuf txm;r&Syd J axmif'%f (7) ESpt f jypfay;cHc&hJ onf? 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGijhf zifah xmifrS jyefvw $ o f nf? vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGijhf zifah xmifrv S w G v f m+y;D aemuf omoemabmifo@dk (2) ESpcf ef@ 0ifa&mufcJh onf? xk@d aemuf vlxu G +f y;D Oya'ynmahvmoif,q l nf;yl;cJ&h m 1984§86 ckEpS rf sm;twGi;f rSwyf w Hk if a&S ae [R.L.] atmifvufrw S &f cJo h nft h jyif Oya'ynmbG@J [LL.B.] yg&&Scd o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (27) &ufae@eeH ufyidk ;f wGif &efuek òf r d / Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;vrf;/ taxGaxG a&m*guak q;¶k}H u;D / ta&;ay:Xmea&S Y vlxt k pnf;ta0;yGw J iG f 'Dru kd a&pDjyefvnf&&Sad &;twGuf pnf;¶H;k a[majymcJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (29) &ufae@eeH uf (10) em&DwiG f A[ef;òr@d / 0*Fbmvrf;/ jct H rSwf (10) aetdrw f iG t f zG@J 0if (21) OD;jzifzh @JG pnf;cJo h nfh 'Dru dk a&pDEiS +hf ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J (,m,D) wGif taxGaxG twGi;f a&;r ;tjzpf yg0ifc+hJ y;D / pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG Ef w k x f u G cf o Jh nf? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (8) &ufae@wiG zf @JG pnf;cJo h nfh wyfrawmfwyfr; a[mif;rsm;ESihf &Jabmf a[mif;rsm;tzG@J wiG f 'kw, d OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS f pufwifbmv (24) &ufae@wiG zf @JG pnf;cJ+h y;D / (27) &ufae@wiG w f &m;0if rSwyf w Hk if cJo h nfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfwiG f 'kw, d OuUÏjzpfvmcJ+h yD;/ xdEk pS 'f ZD ifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f OuUÏjzpfol OD;atmif}u;D Ekwx f u G o f mG ;ojzifh OuUÏjzpfvmcJo h nf? 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@wiG f Ekid if aH wmftm;aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D vko d rl sm;. ab; tE &W m,frS umuG,af pmifah &SmifonfOh ya't&ta&;,lccH &hJ +yD; 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wiG f txl; ppfc¶Hk ;Hk trSwf (5) rS tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (3) ESpu f scaH p&ef jypf'%fcsrw S cf o hJ nf? jypf'%fjynfu h meD;wGif aemufxyfppfc¶Hk ;Hk twifc&H +y;D ,cifupGq J ckd o hJ nfph cJG sut f wdik ;f aemufxyfaxmif'%f (7) ESpcf srw S cf cH &hJ onf? 1995 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif axmifrjS yefvw G o f nf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f (24) &ufae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifEiS v hf il ,ftcsK d wd@k EiS t hf wl/ aumhr;ª òr d ESihf uGr;f jcu H ek ;f òr d rsm;od@k ygwpD nf;¶H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;vkyaf qmif&eftoGm;/ 'vòr d txGuw f iG f tm%mydik rf sm;. wm;jrpf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

498

497

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ydwq f @kd [ef@wm;jcif;cHc&hJ I/ (9) &uft=um pufwifbmv (1) &ufae@ nOfo h ef;aumifwiG f twif; t"rRcsKyfaESmifzrf;qD;+y;D aetdro f @kd jyefy@kd ccH &hJ +y;D / aetdrt f us,cf sKyfjzifh 2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (14) &ufae@txdaecJ&h onf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (22) &ufae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf wl rE aW v;òr d od@k r;D &xm;jzifch &D;oGm;&ef/ &efuek b f w l m}u;D od@k a&muf &Spd Of tm%mydik rf sm;rS[ef@wm;+y;D / zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifI &JreG w f yfpcef;wGif xde;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? aemufyikd ;f wGif aetdrjf yefy@kd I tus,cf sKyfcsxm;+y;D / 2001 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (26) &ufae@naeydik ;f wGirf S aetdrf tus,cf sKyfjzifx h ed ;f odr;f xm;jcif;udk jyefvnf¶yk o f rd ;f ay;cJo h nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f ucsijf ynfe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;c&D;pOftwGi;f / ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / a&$bkd c¶dik /f 'Dy, J if;òr d teD; tm%mydik rf sm;rS pepfwuswifóujd yifqifwu kd cf u kd cf o hJ nf/h aoG;acsmif;pD; vky=f uH owfjzwfwu kd cf u kd rf t _ wGi;f toufraoyJ zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ +yD;/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / uav;axmifwiG f xde;f odr;f xm;&mrS 2004 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (14) &ufae@nydik ;f wGif &efuek òf r d aetdro f @kd jyefy@kd jcif;cHchJ &+yD;/ tus,cf sKyfjzifh qufvufxed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (14) &ufae@wiG f 1975 ckEpS w f iG jf yXmef;I 1991 ckEpS w f iG f jyifqifxw k jf yefco hJ nfh Edik if aH wmftm; aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D vdk olrsm;.ab;tE &W m,frS umuG,af pmifah &Smufonfh Oya' yk'rf 10 (c) jzifh 2006 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (13) &ufae@txd aetdrt f us,cf sKyfoufwrf; (1) ESpx f yfw;kd cJo h nf? jypf'%fjynfah jrmufonfh 2006 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (13)& ufae@wiG f wzef aemufxyfjypf'%foufwrf; (1) ESpf xyfw;kd jcif;cHc&hJ onf? (5) a':atmifqef;pk=unf (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if 1945 ckEpS /f ZGev f (19) &ufae@wiG f &efuek òf r d YarG;zGm;cJo h nf? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf a':cif =unfw@kd .orD; jzpfonf? zcif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;vky=f ucH &H pOfu(2) ESpo f rD;t&G,f jzpfonf? 1949 ckEpS rf S 1957 ckEpS t f xd &efuek òf r d pde@f z&efppfueG Af ifah usmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1957 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f xd &efuek òr d t*Fvyd rf ufo'pfueG Af ifah usmif;wGif qufvuf ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1960 jynfEh pS w f iG f rdcifjzpfoal ':cif=unf tdE, dN Edik if q H ikd &f m jrefrmEdik if o H t H rwf}uD;tjzpf cef@tyfjcif;cH&ojzifh rdcifEiS t hf wl tdE, dN Edik if H e,l;a'vDòr d od@k vu kd yf gco hJ nf? a&¶_EiS ahf r&DueG b f ifah usmif; (Convent of Jesus and Mary) ESihf av'D&, S &f &D rfaumvdyf (Lady Shri Ram College) wd@k Y qufvuf ynmoif=um;onf? 1962-63 ckEpS rf sm;wGif a'vDwuUov kd Yf Edik if aH &;odyb H` mom&yfukd avhvmqnf;yl;cJo h nf? 1964-67 ckEpS rf sm;wGif atmufpzd@k wuUov kd &f dS [l@paf umvdyYf '\eduaA'/ Edik if aH &;odyEH` iS hf pD;yGm;a&;ynm&yfrsm;udak vhvmqnf;yl;cJ+h yD; 0dZm *k%x f ;l bG@J u&kd &Scd o hJ nf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f vef'efwuUov kd f ta&S wdik ;f ESit hf mz&duavhvma&;Xme/ Edik if aH &;odyXH` meY okawoevufaxmuftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1969-71 ckESpfrsm;wGif e,l;a,muf ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf¶Hk;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;

ESihf b¾ma&;qdik &f mudp&P yfrsm; t=uaH y;aumfrwD (Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, United Nations Secretariat, New York) wGif vufaxmuftwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (31) &ufae@wiG f a'guw f mrdu k u f ,ft&J pf (Mr. Michael Viallancourt Aris) ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? (a'guw f mrdu k u f ,ft&J pfonf +Aw d o d #vrl sK;d wOD; jzpfonf? atmufpzd@k wuU odv k rf S ynm&Siw f OD;jzpf+y;D / ajrmufyikd ;f Ak'b < mom r[m,e. vlra_ &;ESihf ,Ofaus;r_qikd &f mordik ;f a=umif; udk txl;ðyavhvmaeaom okawoeynm&Sijf zpfonf? ,if;ynm&yfEiS o hf ufqikd af om pmtkypf mwrf; rsm;udv k nf; a&;om;ðypkxw k af 0cJo h nf?) 1973 ckEpS /f {+yv D (12) &ufae@wiG f om;}u;D jrifq h ef;atmif (c) tvufZef;'g; Alexander John Christopher Aris udak rG;zGm;cJI h 1977 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (24) &ufae@wiG f om;i,f xdev f if; (c) uifrf Dannian Kim Arundel Aris udk arG;zGm;cJo h nf? 1972-73 ckESpfrsm;wGif blwefEdkifiH EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;¶kH;wGif ukvor*~udpPrsm;qdkif&m t=uHay;t&m&St d jzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1975-77 ckEpS rf sm;wGif atmufpzd@k wuUov kd f (Oxford University) abmh'vD,efpm=unfh (Bodleian Library) wdu k Yf jrefrmpmtkyEf iS hf ayyk&yd'k u f ufwavmufðypkol ynm&Sit f jzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1985-86 ckEpS rf sm;wGif *syefEikd if u H sKd wdw k uUov kd f ta&S awmiftm&Sqikd &f mavhvma&;Xme wGif okawoeynm&Sit f jzpf oGm;a&mufoak woeðycJo h nf? 1987 ckEpS w f iG f tdE, dN Edik if H qif;rvm;òrd &Sd txl;avhvmokawoeðya&;tdE, dN odyXH` me (Indian Institute of Advanced Study) wGif okawoet&m&Sd (Research Fellow) tjzpf vkyu f ikd cf o hJ nf? 1987 ckEpS w f iG f vef'efwuUov kd t f a&S wdik ;f ESihf tmz&duavhvma&;XmewGif wifoiG ;f &ef bG@J veG f pmwrf;wapmifuðkd ypkv#u&f o dS nf? ,if;pmwrf;trnfrmS (1910-1940 ckEpS t f wGi;f jrefrmpmay wGif ¶d;k &mtpOftvmtopf jzpfay:xGe;f um;r_EiS hf trsK;d om;a&;0g') [lIjzpfonf? 1988 ckEpS f jrefrmjynfo@kd jyefvmonft h cg vef'efwuUov kd t f a&S wdik ;f ESihf tmz&duavhvm a&;XmewGif avhvmjcif;udk &yfem;vdu k &f onf? 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (20) &ufae@rpS I Edik if aH wmftm; aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D vdo k rl sm;. ab; tE &W m,frS umuG,af pmifah &Smufonfh Oya'yk'rf 10 (c) t& a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrw f iG f wm;qD;rde@f xw k jf yefI wm;qD;xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? aetdrt f us,cf sKyfjzifh xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae&pOf 1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (22) &ufae@wiG f ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf yid rf nfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcJo h nf? Edik if aH &;óu;yrf;r_rsm;a=umifh 20-7-98 ae@rSpI xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ ygonf? txde;f odr;f cHae&v#uEf iS yhf if rdrt d zG@J csKyf. 'Dru kd a&pDenf;vrf;t&qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd av;pm;aom tm;jzif h if;/ wdik ;f oljynfom;wd@k . trSew f &m;ESiu hf u kd n f aD om vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk wwfprG ;f oa&G@ ulnjD znfph u G v f akd oma=umifv h nf;aumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDuv kd v kd m;aom jynfov l x l }k u;D . ZGo J wWu d kd *k%ðf yaomtm;jzifv h nf;aumif; 1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv A[ef;òr e,f trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; pDppfa&G;cs,af &;tzG@J .qH;k jzwfcsuf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

500

499

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

udv k u kd ef mI a&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf yifvo kd w l OD;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f vdu k yf g onf? atmifqef;pk=unf 22-12-89 od@k aomf wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ygwt D m;ud, k pf m;ðyI &efuek w f ikd ;f / A[ef;òr d e,frq J EN e,ftrSwf (1) wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS , hf OS òf yid &f ef tqdðk yxm;jcif;cH&ol OD;vbef*a&mifrS uef@uu G f v$mwifoiG ;f cJ&h m yef;qd;k wef;trSwf (1) wGif zGiv hf pS pf pfaq;cJo h nfh &efuek w f ikd ;f a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf v S ufcpH pfaq;I a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf 10 (i) jzifh +ipd eG ;f onf[q k u kd m a':atmif qef;pk=unf. trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f v$mudyk ,fcsco hJ jzifh 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf iG hf r&&Syd jJ zpfc&hJ onf? 1991 ckEpS t f wGuf +idr;f csr;f a&;Edb k v J q f ck s;D jr ijhf cif;cH&onf? 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f aemfa0Edik if /H atmfpvdòk rd awmfwiG u f si;f yonfh qkcs;D jr iyhf t JG crf;tem;od@k ud, k w f ikd rf wuf a&mufEikd o f jzifh om;}uD;jzpfojl rifq h ef;atmifu rdcifu, kd pf m;wufa&mufq, k cl o hJ nf? 1995 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (10) &ufae@wiG f aetdrt f us,cf sKyftjzpf wm;qD;xm;onft h rde@f tm; tm%mydik rf sm;rS ¶kyo f rd ;f ay;cJo h nf? e,l;a,muftajcpdu k f rpf (MS) r*~Zif;rS 1995 ckEpS t f wGuf trsK;d orD;xl;c|eq f k (12) OD; a&G;cs,cf &hJ mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfyg0ifonf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (18) &ufae@wiG f tdik , f mvefEikd if /H 'A vifòr d (Dublin) wGif a':atmif qef;pk=unftm; 'A vifòr d awmf vGwv f yfa&;qk *k%ðf ycs;D jri chf o hJ nf? olrud, k pf m; om;i,fxed v f if; (Kim Aris) rS qkvufc, H cl o hJ nf? *k%ðf yrSww f rf;v$mtm; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu, kd w f ikd w f ufa&muf vufrw S af &;xd;k Edik o f nft h csed t f xd apmifq h ikd ;f xm;rnfjzpfonf? awmiftmz&duorRwa[mif; rpPwm ref'v J m;tm;qkcs;D jri chf phJ Ofuvnf; tvm;wl ud, k w f ikd v f ufrw S af &;xd;k Edik o f nftxd rSww f rf;v$mwGif csev f yS x f m;cJb h ;l onf? tqdyk gqu k kd tar&dueforRwa[mif;rsm;jzpf=uonfh rpPwm*|et f ufzu f ae'D/ rpPwmbDvu f vifwef/ 'kw, d ajrmufyw k f &[ef;rif;}u;D *|eaf ygvEf iS hf rmomx&Dqmwk@d tm; cs;D jri chf +hJ y;D jzpf onf? ouU&mZf 2000 ckEpS t f wGuf tdik , f mvefEikd if òH r d awmf 'A viftyk cf sKyfa&;tzG@J raS y;tyfonfh òr d awmf*% k x f ;l aqmifqk a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS yhf ;l wG&J &Scd o hJ l a&mhcaf w;oH&iS b f Ekd Ekd iS t hf zG@J rS a':atmif qef;pk=unftm; *k%ðf ypyfqx kd m;onfh "Walk On" aw;oDcsi;f 2002 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (27) &ufae@u tar&duefEikd if H *&rfraD w;*Dwqkay;yGw J iG f taumif;qH;k qk&&Scd o hJ nf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f (24) &ufae@wiG f 'kw, d OuUÏ ol&OD;wifO;D / &efuek w f ikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&; aumfrwD OuUÏ ocifp;kd jrif/h &efuek w f ikd ;f pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J 0if a'guw f mrsK;d atmif/ tzG@J csKyfvil ,f (16) OD; ¡,mOfarmif;ESpOf ;D tygt0if¢ wd@k EiS t hf wl &efuek w f zufurf; 'vòrd rSwqifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / uGr;f jcHuek ;f òr d ESihf aumhr;ª òr d rsm;od@k pnf;¶H;k a&;udprP sm;aqmif&u G &f ef &efuek òf r d / yef;qd;k wef;qdyu f rf;rSwqifh c&D;xGuf &efppD Ofc&hJ m/ yef;qd;k wef;qdyu f rf;wGif wem&DccJG ef@ tm%mydik rf sm;rSyw d q f @kd xm;cJ+h yD;rS wzufurf;od@k ul;cGi&hf cJo h nf? 'vòr d od@k a&muf&o dS nft h cg óuw d ifapmifq h ikd ;f aeonfh tzG@J csKyu f m;ESppf ;D jzifh uGr;f jcu H ek ;f od@k

c&D;xGuv f mpOf 'vòr d rStxGuf (3) rdik cf ef@ta&muf usepf pfom;&yfuu G w f iG f tm%mydik rf sm;rS a&S c&D; rqufEikd &f ef twif;t"rRyw d q f @kd wm;jrpfxm;cJo h jzifh tqdyk gae&mwGiyf if c&D;qufxu G Ef ikd o f nftxd tajccsapmifq h ikd ;f aecJ&h m (9) &ufajrmufae@jzpfonfh pufwifbmv (1) &ufae@ n (11 ; 15)tcsed w f iG f &Jwyfz@JG EiS phf pfaxmufvrS ;f a&; tiftm; (300)ausmu f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS t hf zG@J tm; 0ifa&muf pD;eif;+y;D twif;t=uyfzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifac:aqmif+y;D &efuek òf r d od@k jyefy@kd I 2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (1) &ufae@rS (14) &ufae@txd 'kw, d t}urd f aetdrt f us,cf sKyjf zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (21) &ufae@wiG f 'kw, d OuUÏ ol&OD;wifO;D ESit hf wl tzG@J 0ifrsm; vdu k yf gv#uf tzG@J csKyfvy_ &f mS ;r_r&SEd ikd &f ef ydwyf ifwm;qD;r_rsm;/ tzG@J csKyf¶;kH rsm;ydwaf pjcif;/ qdik ;f bkwrf sm; csapjcif;rsm;udk pHpk rf;avhvm&ef yxrc&D;pOftjzpf naerD;&xm;jzifh rE aW v;od@k omG ;a&muf&efppD Ofc&hJ m rD;&xm;vufrw S u f ek af eonf[k ta=umif;jyI vufrw S af &mif;ray;bJ aemufwae@ eHeufapm 2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (22) &ufae@wiG f &efuek b f w l m}u;D rS t"rRaetdrjf yefy@kd +y;D / wwd,t}urd f aetdrf tus,cf sKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif; cHc&hJ onf? 2001 ckEpS t f wGuf *smreDEikd if t H ajcpdu k f Edik if w H um Edik if aH &;ESi, hf Ofaus;r_rsm; vGwv f yfpmG aygi;f pnf;a&;qdik &f m qkay;a&;tzG@J }uD;. Collegue United Nations qk&&Scd o hJ nf? tqdyk gq&k &So d l rsm;teuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf yxrqH;k trsK;d orD;jzpfonf? 1999 ckEpS w f iG f ydv k efEikd if o H rRwESihf 2000 jynfEh pS w f iG f [efa*&DEikd if 0H ef}u;D csKyfEiS hf Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D rpPwm[Ge;f wd@k &&Scd +hJ y;D / a': atmifqef;pk=unfonf wwd,ajrmufq&k &So d l jzpfonf? 2002 ckEpS /f arv (6) &ufae@wiG f aetdrt f us,cf sKyfrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufco hJ nf? 2002 ckEpS /f arv (25) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJo h nfh tar&duefEikd if /H e,l;a,mufòr d &Sd bmhof aumvdy. f (142) }urd af jrmuf bG@J EiS ;f obiftcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%x f ;l aqmif yg&*lb@JG cs;D jri chf o hJ nf? tvm;wl 0g&iS w f ef'pD &D dS tar&duef,el AD mpDw. D 1996 ckEpS /f aqmif;&moDb@JG EiS ;f obiftcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%x f ;l aqmifyg&*lb@JG cs;D jr ichf b hJ ;l onf? 2002 ckEpS /f arv (23) &ufae@wiG f Adv k rf ;ª atmifO;D aqmifonfh 0g&ifEh ikd if aH &;orm;}u;D rsm;u aetdrt f us,cf sKyfrS arv (6) &ufae@wiG f vGwaf jrmufvmonfh a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; 0g&ifEh ikd if H a&;orm;}u;D ocifoed ;f az.aetdrw f iG f *k%ðf yyGu J si;f yI yef;uH;k pGy*f % k ðf yum a':atmifqef;pk=unf a&S qufvuf+y;D aqmif&u G &f rnfh 'Dru kd a&pDa&;wdu k yf t JG wGuf t*Fvyd ef ,fcs J rsm;udk vGwv f yfa&;twGuf wdu k cf &hJ mwGif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;udik pf cJG ahJ om oH;k a&mifjc,fua'gi;f tvHEiS hf *syefzufqpfrsm;udk wdu k f cdu k &f mwGif udik pf cJG o hJ nfh teDa&mifatmufcaH xmifw h iG f =u,fjzLtvHw@kd ukd trSww f &tjzpf ay;tyfchJ onf? tar&duefEikd if &H dS z&D;'rf;zd&k rftzG@J }u;D rS 2002 ckEpS t f wGuf AI Neuharth Free Spirit (vGwf vyfaom pdw"f mwfq)k cs;D jri jhf cif;cH&onf? av[kepf ;D ysºH uaG e[ef tawmifyEH pS cf yk g¶yk w f Ek iS hf tar&duef a':vmwoef;cs;D jri jhf cif;jzpfonf? jynfov l x l . k ESv;kH om;wGif pGrJ ufavmufatmif owWad jymifajrmufpmG v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u G o f rl sm;tm; a&G;cs,af y;tyfonfq h jk zpfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; 'Dru kd a&pD toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;ESihf vl@tcGit hf a&;&&S&d eftwGuf vGwv f yfonfph w d "f mwfjzifh t=urf;rzufbJ óu;d pm; v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u G o f nfukd *k%ðf yonft h aejzifh qkcs;D jri chf jhJ cif;jzpfonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

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501

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

2002 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (20) &ufae@wiG f *&dEikd if H atoifòr d awmfrS atoifEikd if w H um hJ nf? qktjzpf 'Dru kd a&pDzcif}u;D 'Dru kd a&pDqk (Athens International Prize for Democracy) &&Scd o Pericles . ud, k w f ydik ;f ¶kyw f w k ckEiS hf Honorary Citizen of Athens [kpmwef;xd;k xm;onfh a&$wq H yd f wckjzpfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tqdyk gq&k &So d nfh yxrqH;k yk*Kd~ vfjzpfonf? 2002 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f jyifopfEikd if /H yJ&pfòr d wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ,leufpudk (UNESCO) tzG@J }u;D . onf;cHpw d &f n S rf E_ iS hf t=urf;rzufr_ jri w hf ifa&;qdik &f m (Madanjeet hJ nf? qkaiG a':vmwode;f cs;D jri jhf cif;jzpfonf? Singh) qk cs;D jri chf o 2002 ckEpS t f wGuf pDtifet f ifef (CNN) Edik if w H umowif;Xme. tm&Sa'o. ta&;t}u;D qH;k xdyw f ef;owif; (10) yk'w f iG f a':atmifqef;pk=unf aetdrt f us,cf sKyfrS vGwaf jrmufvmonfh owif; azmfjyyg&cdS o hJ nf? tjcm;owif;rsm;rSm tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if H bmvDu|e;f wGif AH;k cGcJ cH &hJ onfo h wif;/ ta&S wDarmEdik if o H pf ay:xGe;f vmonfo h wif;/ ygupPwefEikd if w H iG f ppftyk cf sKyfa&;rS t&yfom;tkycf sKyf a&;od@k ajymif;vJonfo h wif;/ w¶kwjf ynfo@l orRwEdik if H acgi;f aqmiftajymif;tvJowif;/ ud&k ;D ,m; u|e;f qG,f wif;rmr_owif; ponfw@kd jzpfonf? +Adwed Ef ikd if rH x S w k v f i$ o hf nfh bDbpD rD suaf rSmufa&;&mtpDtpOfrS +Adwed Ef ikd if aH omw&Sirf sm;. qENraJ y;onft h pDtpOfwiG f *k%x f ;l aqmif+Aw d ed Ef ikd if o H m;tjzpf Edik if w H umrSy*k Kd~ vfx;l rsm;xJrS rnfo@l tm;ay;rnfenf; [lonfh qENraJ y;cef;wGif aomw&Sif (51) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f u a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; qENay;cJ=h uonf? tar&dueforRwa[mif; bDvu f vifweftm; (18) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f u qENay;cJo h nf? 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / a&$bckd ¶dik /f 'Dy, J if;òrt d eD;wGif etzvufyg; aprsm;. acsmif;ajrmif;wdu k cf u kd rf c_ cH &hJ &mrS toufraovGwaf jrmufc+hJ y;D a&OD;òr d t0if*w d t f a&mufwiG f tm%mydik rf sm;rSzrf;qD;cJ+h y;D a&OD;&Jpcef;wGif ,m,Dxed ;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? a&OD;&Jpcef;{nfch ef;rS aemuf wae@ (31-5-2003) eHeuf (1) em&DwiG f &Jarrsm;rS um;wpD;ay:od@k twif;t=uyfwifaqmifI ac: aqmifvmcJ&h m/ trSwf (6) wifu h m;wyf&if; {nf&h yd o f mwGiw f }urd /f rif;bl;òr d &Sd ppfwyf{nf&h yd o f mwGif w}urd f &yfem;+y;D aemuf ZGev f (2) &ufae@ eHeuf (8) em&D (20) rdepfwiG f tif;pdeaf xmifo@kd yd@k aqmif xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ZGev f (24) &ufae@txd tif;pdeaf xmiftwGi;f &Sd tdrif ,fwvH;k wGif xde;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? ZGev f (24) &ufae@wiG f tif;pdeaf xmifrS &JreG w f yfpcef;&Sd &Jacgi&f yd o f mod@k ajymif;a&$ xm; cJ&h mrS pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@wiG f aq;¶Hw k uf cGpJ w d u f o k &efvt kd yfvmI &efuek òf r d tm&Sawmf0if aq;¶Ho k @kd a&muf&cdS +hJ yD;/ cGpJ w d u f o k r_c, H t l +yD; pufwifbmv (26) &ufae@ aq;¶Hrk q S if;cGiðhf yonft h cg aetdrjf yefy@kd I pwkwt }udraf etdrf tus,cf sKyfjzifx h ed ;f odr;f xm;cJ+h yD; 2004 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f wzef 1975 ckEpS w f iG jf yXmef;I 1991 ckEpS w f iG f jyifqifxw k jf yefco hJ nfh Edik if aH wmftm; aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D vdo k rl sm;. ab;tE &W m,fru S muG,af pmifah &SmufonfOh ya' yk'rf 10 (c) jzifh jypf '%f wESpw f ;kd I 27-11-2005 &ufae@wiG f aemufxyf jypf'%f (6) vxyfrw H ;kd cJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f {+yv D (27) &ufae@wiG f awmifu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if H ar (18) atmufarhz, G af zmifa';&Si;f rS a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; 2004 ckEpS t f wGuf *Gr*f sL;vl@tcGit hf a&;qk cs;D jri chf o hJ nf? awmifu&kd ;D ,m;orRw c|e'f ;l 0Srv f ufxuf 1980 jynfEh pS /f arv (18) &ufae@u qd;k vfòrd awmf.awmifbuf *Gr*f sL;òr d wGif 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf @l tcGit hf a&;twGuf awmif;qdq k ENjy=uonfh ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf jynforl sm;

tm; ppfwyfryS pfcwfowfjzwfco hJ jzifh tjypfrjhJ ynfol axmifEiS chf sI D aoqH;k cJ&h onfh ta&;tcif;tm; trSwfw&jzpfap&ef *Grf*sL; ar (18) azmifa';&Sif; udk zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpf+yD;/ tqdkygazmifa';&Sif;rS a':atmifqef;pk=unfuo hJ @kd yif ,cifu tqdyk gqu k kd ta&S wDarmorRw Zmemem*wfprf mtd/k a[mif aumifv@l tcGit hf a&;tzG@J rS zmpDzmem'dw k @kd tm; cs;D jri chf b hJ ;l onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; jyifopfEikd if . H *k%x f ;l aqmifyg&òD r@d oq l k The Honorary Citizen of Paris cs;D jri o hf nft h crf;tem; 2004 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@ eHeuf (10) em&DwiG f yg&òD r d Y wcrf;wem;usif;ycJhonf? tqdkygqktm; ZGefv (8) &ufae@wGif a&G;cs,fcJhjcif;jzpf+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf Edb k ,fv+f ird ;f csr;f a&;qk&&Scd o hJ nfh (14) ESpjf ynfEh pS w f iG f qkay;yGu J si;f ycJjh cif;jzpfonf? tcrf;tem;od@k a':atmifqef;pk=unfu, kd pf m; 0ef}u;D csKyaf 'guw f mpde0f if;rS qkvufcH&,lcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESiv hf @l tcGit hf a&;wdu k yf 0JG ifaer_rsm;tm; av;pm;tod rSwfðyonfhtaejzifh xdkif;EkdifiH/ &efppfwuUodkvf Rangsit University, Thailand rS *k%fxl;aqmif a'guw f mbG@J Honorary Doctorate in Politics, Philosophy and Economics ay;tyfco hJ nf? Ekid if aH &;bmom/ zDavmfaqmfz'D \ebmomESihf pD;yGm;a&;bmomwd@k wiG f *k%x f ;l aqmifb@JG &cJjh cif;jzpfonf? bG@J cs;D jr iyhf t JG m; 2004 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f &efppfwuUov kd q f Ek iS ;f obifyEJG iS t hf wlðyvkycf o hJ nf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmjynftem*wfta&; +ird ;f csr;f pGmwdu k yf 0JG if aer_twGuf ay;tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfa=umif; &efppfwuUov kd . f xkwjf yefcsuw f iG f azmfjyxm;onf? olr[m w&m;r#wwJah vmuurBmjzpf&eftwGuf 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf @l tcGit hf a&; r&Srd jzpfvt kd yfonfukd !$e;f qdak om oauFwwckjzpfonf [kvnf; tqdyk g xdik ;f wuUov kd t f "dywdrS a':atmifqef;pk=unfxaH y;yk@d aom pmwGif azmfjyxm;onf? &efppfwuUov kd t f "dywdjzpfol a'guw f mtmopfrS a':atmifqef;pk=unfxH 'DZifbmv (13) &ufae@peJG @J ay;yk@d onft h a=umif;=um;pmwGif olrtm; *k%x f ;l aqmifqak y;rnf[k azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; olrud, k w f ikd f vma&mufwufa&mufEidk rf nfr[kwo f nfuv kd nf; óuw d ifem;vnfxm;ygonf[k a&;om; xm;onf? &efppfwuUov kd }f u;D onf befaumufòr d teD; yoHXk meDt&yfwiG &f +dS y;D &efppfwuUov kd Ef iS hf vuf atmufcaH umvdyt f oD;oD;wGif ausmif;om;aygi;f (14 000) cef@ ESppf Ofwufa&mufavhvmoif=um; vsu&f o dS nf? tqdyk gwuUov kd }f u;D rS Oya'bG@J / aq;ynmbG@J rsm;/ Adou k mbG@J / tEkynmbG@J rsm;/ *Dwynm bG@J rsm;/ uGejf yLwmodyb H` @JG / tdik w f aD c:owif;enf;ynmbG@J / tif*sief , D mbG@J EiS hf {nfóh udvyk if ef;qdik &f m pDrcH ef@crJG y_ nmbG@J rsm;twGuf oif=um;ay;v#u&f o dS nf? a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ay;tyfcs;D jr iw hf hJ *k%x f ;l aqmifa'guw f mbG@J tm; ,cifu xdik ;f 0ef}u;D csKyfa[mif; c|ev f yd ikd Ef iS hf xkid 0f rfEidk if 0H ef}u;D csKyfa[mif; rpPwmAifqifw h @kd tm; ay;tyfcb hJ ;l onf? 2005 ckEpS /f rwfv (8) &ufae@wiG f usa&mufonfh urBmu h v k or*~ Edik if w H umtrsK;d orD; rsm;ae@txdr;f trSwt f jzpf Ak'b < momtrsK;d orD;rsm;tzG@J rS a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if Edik if w H umrS trsK;d orD; (20) OD;tm; Ak'b < momxGe;f um;a&;óu;d yrf;r_qk Outstanding Women in Buddhism, United Nations Gender and Religious Department a&G;cs,cf s;D jri chf o hJ nf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

504

503

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

2005 ckEpS /f rwfv (7) &ufae@wiG f tqdyk gqak y;yGt J crf;tem;tm; xdik ;f Edik if &H dS ukvor*~ ¶Hk;wGifusif;yðyvkyfcJh+yD;/ xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m qGpPZmvefEdkifiHoHtrwf}uD; wufa&mufqkcsD;jr ifhcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhtwl qkvufcH&&Sdolrsm;wGif jrefrma,m*DwOD;ESifh oD&dvuFmEdkifiHorRw cse'f &Dumukrm&wGe*f gw@kd yg0ifonf? tqdyk gqt k m; ukvor*~todtrSwðf y xl;c|ex f if&mS ;Ak'b < mom trsK;d orD;rsm;qkay;a&;aumfrwDrOS ;D pD;I urBmw0Sr;f Ak'b < momjyef@ymG ;a&;óud;yrf;ae=uol/ Ak'w < &m; awmfEiS t hf nD trsm;tusK;d twGuóf ud;yrf;aqmif&u G af eol trsK;d orD;rsm;tm; a&G;cs,af y;tyfjcif; jzpfonf? xdik ;f Edik if H ormqwfwuUov kd }f uD; Thammasat University, Thailand rS a':atmifqef; pk=unftm; *k%x f ;l aqmifa'guw f mbG@J Honorary Degree in Political Science xyfraH y;tyf&ef qH;k jzwfc+hJ yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. touf (60) jynfh arG;ae@yt JG crf;tem;ESit hf wl a'guw f mbG@J ay;tyfyJG usi;f yay;tyfco hJ nf?

(6) OD;vGif (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 368) (7) OD;vSaz (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 415) (8) OD;pdk;jrifh (ocifpdk;jrifh) (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 318)

- UNISON Honorary Membership, UNISON, Britain's largest trade union, June 2005

(9) OD;vGef;wif (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 268)

2005 ckEpS /f ZGev f (16) &ufae@nydik ;f wGif tdik , f mvefEikd if . H 'kw, d òr d awmf *d;k a0; Galway City, wGif vGwv f yfaomvlom;qk Freedom of Galway City cs;D jri yhf t JG crf;tem;usi;f ycJo h nf? *d;k a0;òr d awmf0efu, kd w f ikd af y;tyfonfh tqdyk gqt k m; a':atmifqef;pk=unf.cifyeG ;f onf rdu k u f ,fvf tJ&pf.nDrS wufa&mufvufc, H cl o hJ nf? òr d awmf0efrpPuufovif; udEk &kd rD S jrefrmEkid if w H iG 'f rD u kd a&pD&&S&d ef a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS t=urf;rzuf+ird ;f csr;f onfeh nf;jzifh wdu k yf 0JG ifaeolwa,mufjzpfouJo h @kd jrefrmEdik if w H iG f rDw S if;aexdik f =uonfh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktm;vHk;tm; av;pm;olwa,muf[k tm;vHk;rS,lqxm;olvnf;jzpfa=umif;/ xd@k tjyif (1991) ckEpS /f +ird ;f csr;f a&;Edb k v J q f &k iS w f OD;jzpfouJo h @kd jrefrmjynforl sm;omru urBmw0Sr;f uyg av;pm;,H=k unfr&_ &So d w l a,mufjzpfonft h wGuf ,ckuo hJ @kd *d;k a0;òr@awmf. tqift h jrifq h ;kH qkjzpfonfh *d;k a0;òr awmf0ef. vGwv f yfaomvlom;qkcs;D jri &hf jcif;jzpfonf [k&iS ;f jycJo h nf? 2006 ckEpS /f rwfv (1) &ufae@ naeydik ;f u qG'D ifEidk if H pawmh[ek ;f òr d wGif jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDacgi;f J si;f ycJo h nf? tqdyk gqu k kd aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unftwGuf tdak vmhyef;qk Olof Palme Prize 2005 ay;yGu tkad vmhyef;refr&kd t D zG@J u*k%ðf ycs;D jri jhf cif;jzpf+y;D vGecf w hJ EhJ pS f (20) cef@u vltcGit hf a&;ESi'hf rD kd ua&pDa&;twGuf wufºuGpmG v_y&f mS ;cJo h l qG'D if0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;tdak vmhyef;vky=f uHc&H jcif;tm; atmufarhowd&ae&ef tdak vmhyef;.rdom;pkrsm;ESihf if;. qd&k , S 'f rD u kd &ufwpfygww D @kd y;l aygi;f I tkad vmhyef; refr&kd zD ef; Olof Palme Memorial Fund tzGJ@tm;wnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tqdkygqktm; tdkavmhyef;.ZeD; t,fvpP bwfyef;ud, k w f idk cf s;D jri chf jhJ cif;jzpfonf? 0ef}u;D csKyaf 'guw f mpde0f if;rS tqdyk gqt k m;vufc&H ,lco hJ nf? qG'D if0ef}u;D csKyaf [mif; tdak vmhyef; towfcH&+yD;wESpft=um 1987 ckESpfrSpI tdkavmhyef;qkay;tyfcJhjcif;jzpf+yD;/ 2005 ckESpftwGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;cs;D jri ahf y;tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? vl@tcGit hf a&;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDa&;twGuf +ird ;f csr;f onfeh nf;jzifw h u kd yf 0JG ifaeonfh a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; &nf&, G f ay;tyfcjhJcif; jzpf+y;D qktjzpf tar&duefa':vm (50 000) cs;D jri chf o hJ nf?

Ireland

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

505

(10) OD;!Gef@a0 (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 181) (11) EdkifxGef;odef; (rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 276) (12) ylusifh&Sif;xef (ZdkrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 125) (13) cGefxGef;OD; (&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 397) (14) OD;vSarmif (rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@) (uG,fvGef) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 116)

506

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1? 1988 ckEpS rf pS I jrefrmEdik if w H 0Sr;f vH;k &Sjd ynfov l x l o k nf/ rdrw d @kd vufvw G q f ;kH ±_;H cJ&h onfh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf ordkif;wGifrñuHpzl;tHkºuGv#uf wcJeufawmif;qdk

cJ=h uayonf? TonfrmS jynfow l &yfv;kH u if;wd@k .qENtppftrSeu f kd &J0phH mG xkwaf zmfjyocJjh cif;yifjzpf ayonf? ,if;uJo h @kd 'Dru kd a&pDawmif;qdrk }_ u;D wGif &[ef;/ &Siv f /l jynfojl ynfom;/ ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om; taygi;f wd@k onf rdrw d @kd . touf/ aoG;/ ac|;rsm;pGmudk t&if;tES;D ðyI 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfukd xlaxmif a&;twGuf óu;d yrf;cJ=h uayonf? 2? Tawmif;qdrk }_ u;D udt k qH;k owfEikd &f efEiS hf jynfow l @kd .ppfreS af omqENukd taumiftxnf azmfEikd &f ef Edik if aH wmftm%mud&k ,lcahJ om Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf jynfol wd@k . qENurkd suu f , G ðf yjcif;iSm rpGr;f ombJ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifvy_ &f mS ;cGiðhf y&efEiS hf ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG u kd si;f yay;&ef jynforl sm;udk twdtvif;uwdðy vdu k af vsmcJ&h ayonf? 3? TuJo h @kd aomtajctaersK;d wGif jynfojl ynfom;rsm;. qENEiS hf &nfreS ;f csurf sm;jzpfaom 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk atmifjrifonftxd wufvrS ;f Edik &f eftwGuf Edik if w H 0Sr;f vH;k &Sjd ynforl sm;udk ud, k pf m;ðyEdik o f nfh Edik if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;}u;D w&yfonf rvGrJ aoGvt kd yfv#u&f adS eayonf? 4? Tordik ;f vdt k yfcsuu f kd jznfq h nf;Edik &f eftwGuf ppfa&;/ Edik if aH &;tpOftvm}u;D rm;I tawG@tóuH rsm;jym;cJ+h yD; jynfot l rsm;av;pm;cJo h nfyh *k Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;/ Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ ,Ofaus;r_e,fy,ftoD;oD;wGif u|r;f usiv f rd mR r_ jynf0h =uonfh todynm&Si/f twwfynm&Si}f u;D rsm;ESihf trsK;d om; acgi;f aqmif}u;D ESihf wyfrawmf. zcif}u;D Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;.orD; 'Dru kd a&pDawmif;qdrk }_ u;D wGif jynforl sm;uwcJeufaxmufct H m;ay;cJah om a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd y;l aygi;f v#uf trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfukd Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& 27-9-97 &ufae@wiG f w&m;0ifrw S yf w kH if v#uf zG@J pnf;cJ+h y;D / ,ae@wikd f Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;w&yftjzpf w&m;0if&yfwnfvy_ &f mS ;v#uf &Syd gonf? 5? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf 30-5-89 &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ f awmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya'trSwf (14§89) udk xkwjf yefa=unmcJ+h y;D / jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; udk a&G;aumufEikd &f eftwGuf vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd 275-90 &ufae@wiG f usi;f yay;cJ&h m/trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf ,if;a&G;aumufyw JG iG f tjcm;aom Edik if aH &;ygwD (92) ygwED iS t hf wl yg0if,OS òf yid t f a&G;cHjcif;jzifh jynfow l @kd .qENu&kd ,lcahJ yonf? 6? usi;f yay;cJah om jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,faygi;f (485) ae&mteufrS trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf rJqENe,f (447) wGif 0ifa&mufta&G;cHc&hJ mwGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ud, k f pm;vS,rf sm;onf rJqENe,f (392) ae&mwGif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajr mufjcif;cH&ayonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrSvnf; a&G; aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfa=umif; a=unmcJ+h y;D jzpfygonf? rJqENe,f&mcdik Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (82) &mcdik Ef ;H_ cef@EiS hf cdik v f akH omrJta&twGut f & (59 ² 8) &mcdik Ef ;H_ ausmjf zifh xl;uJpGma&G;cs,fjcif;cH&cJh&m/ ,if;tcsufudk=unfhjcif;tm;jzifh jynfoljynfom;rsm;. trsKd;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzG@J csKyftay: ,H=k unftm;ud;k r_/ axmufct H m;ay;r_yrm% rnfr#}u;D rm;a=umif; xif&mS ;vSyg onf? 7? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D udu k si;f y+y;D / jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f rsm;udk jynfo@l qENEiS t hf nD a&G;cs,+f y;D onfah emufwiG f a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&onf&h nf±, G cf suu f kd quf vuftaumiftxnfazmf&efom&Syd gawmhonf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' tcef; (2)/ yk'rf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

508

(15) OD;pdk;0if; (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 184) (16) OD;odef;az (woD;yk*~v) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 137) (17) OD;ausmfrif; (trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 283) (18) OD;axmifcdkxef; (jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if (ukd,a&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 144) (19) OD;&efusif;armf (&Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD) tzGJ@0if (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 377) (20) OD;apmjratmif jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUÏ (ukd,fa&;tusOf;/ pmrsufESm 287) ÙÙÙÙÙ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 27-5-97 &ufae@wGifusa&mufonfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (7) ESpfajrmufESpfywfvnfae@ a=unmpmwrf;? a=unmcsuftrSwf (4§97)

507

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(3) wGi f v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nDa&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af om v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh @JG pnf;&rnf [k yg&ydS gonf? TonfrmS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumuf wifajrm uf+y;D ygu ,if;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuzkd @JG pnf;ay;&rnf[k Oya'jzifh twdtvif;jyXmef;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf? 8? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udka&G;aumuf+yD;aomfvnf; jynfol@v$wfawmf ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sad o;onft h wGu/f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yfjzpfxeG ;f ay:ayguv f ma&;rSm trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd tay:wGif wm0ef usa&mufvmayonf? xdu k o hJ @kd wm0efusa&mufvmonft h wGuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dOk ;D pD; tzG@J EiS hf tzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf *ENcD rf;rY 28§29-7-90 &ufae@w@kd wiG f yxrt}urd f y%mrndE id_ ;f tpnf;ta0;}u;D usi;f y+y;D jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&;ESiyhf wfoufonfh if;wd@k oabmxm;udk *ENcD rf;ra=unmpmwrf;tjzpf xkwjf yefv#uf jynforl sm;udt k oday; a=unm cJyh gonf? 9? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J uvnf; 27-7-90 &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsuf trSwf (1§90) udx k w k jf yefum/ w&m;0if&yfwnfv#u&f adS om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vH;k udk ,if;a=unmcsut f wdik ;f vdu k ef maqmif±u G rf nfjzpfa=umif; vufrw S af &;xd;k apcJyh gonf? ,if;a=unm csuf (1§90) tyd'k f (12) wGif ,if;jyXmef;csuEf iS t hf nD v$waf wmfz@JG pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyd jym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u aqmif±u G af y;rnf [k azmfjyyg&ydS gonf? 10? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ,if;wd@k Oya'tjzpfxw k jf yefcahJ om jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' tcef; (2)/ yk'fr (3) t&vnf;aumif;/ a=unmcsuf trSwf (1§90) tyd'k (f 12)t&vnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynf@EpS w f iG u f si;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufy. JG &vm'frsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfEikd &f eftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh @JG pnf;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yf ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&efwm0ef&adS eayonf? od@k aomf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf Oya'w&yfr&Sad o;onft h wGuf v$waf wmfac:,ljcif;rðyEdik af o;a=umif; ta=umif;jycsurf mS cdik v f jkH cif; r&Syd g? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J taeESihf Oya'trsK;d rsK;d xkwjf yefv#u&f &dS m jynfo@l v$waf wmfOya'w&yfuv kd nf; vdt k yfcsut f & xkwjf yefay;Edik yf gonf? 11? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay; &rnft h pm; Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;qGEJ ikd af &;twGuf tajccHrrl sm;csrw S Ef ikd &f ef[q k u kd m trsK;d om;nDvmcHuo kd m 1993 ckEpS w f iG af c:,lusi;f ycJah yonf? trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&;ESihf zG@J pnf;tkyf csKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;[laom vkyfief;}uD;rsm;rSm jynfolwdk@. oabmxm;tppftrSefrsm;udk azmfxkwfnd E_dif;wdkifyifaqmif&Guf&onfh vkyfief;}uD;jzpfonfESifhtnD jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfro S m OD;pD;OD;aqmifwm0ef,al qmif±u G &f onfh vkyif ef;jzpfonf[k trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu ,H=k unfc, H al yonf? 12? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyo f nf wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfpnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk a&S ±_um jzLpifaompdw&f if;jzifh trsK;d om;nDvmcHuw kd ufa&mufcI hJ (3) ESpw f ikd af tmif jynfow l @kd .qENEiS t hf nD ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfay:ayguaf &;twGuf Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif yg0ifoifah om

tajccHrrl sm;udk tpOfwpdu k f av;av;pm;pm;wifjyaqG;aEG;cJyh gonf? tzG@J csKyf.wifjyaqG;aEG;csurf sm; tay: trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESihf nDvmcH. qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S jf cif; rsm;onf vufawG@tm;jzifh nDvmcHusi;f ya&;ndE id_ ;f aqG;aEG;yGrJ S jyXmef;xm;aomtcsurf sm;ESiv hf nf; aumif;/ vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;ESiv hf nf;aumif; udu k n f jD cif;r&Syd gojzifh æ (u) wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnf oifjh rwfa&;/ (c) ppfreS af om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfay: ayguaf &;/ (*) trsm;jynfow l @kd vufc, H =kH unf aom zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ay:xGe;f a&;wd@k twGuf aqG;aEG;vdyk ga=umif;ESihf ,if;aqG;aEG;yGw J &yf atmifjrif pGmjzpfajrmufonftxd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;taejzifh trsK;d om; nDvmcHo@kd qufvufwufa&mufjcif; rðyao;bJ/ apmifhqdkif;aernfjzpfyga=umif; udk trsKd;om; nDvmcH usi;f ya&;vkyif ef;aumfrwD OuUÏxHo@kd ta=umif;=um;cJ+h y;D nDvmcHo@kd wufa&mufjcif;rðybJ/ ,ae@xufwikd af pmifq h ikd ;f aecJyh gonf? 13? ,ae@txd w&m;0if&yfwnfv#u&f adS om Edik if aH &;ygwD (10) ckteuf trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf a&G;aumufy&JG vm'ft& jynfot l rsm;. axmufct H m;ay;r_ukd t&&Sq d ;kH aom tzG@J jzpfygonf? a&G;aumufyt JG óuu d mvrSpI ,ae@xufwikd f trsK;d rsK;d aomwm;qD;r_/ csKyfcs,rf /_ zdEydS rf _ wd@k ukd trsm;qH;k cHpm;&onfh tzG@J tpnf;vnf;jzpfygonf? a&G;aumufyt JG óuu d mvwGiyf if trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd tm; 20-7-89 &uf ae@wiG f yk'rf 10 (c) jzifh wm;qD;cJ+h y;D OD;wifO;D tm; aemifwiG f jypf'%fcsrw S cf yhJ gonf? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D onfah emuf tzG@J csKyfxyd w f ef;acgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfonfh A[ef;òr@d e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (2) rS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;=unfarmiftm; (6-9-90) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;I jypf'%fcsrw S cf yhJ gonf? tvm;wlyif tzGJ@csKyfA[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0ifrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0ifrsm;onf vnf;aumif;/ tzG@J csKyfjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onfvnf;aumif; zrf;qD;jcif;/ jypf'%fcsrw S f jcif;cH=u&ygonf? jynfe,f§wdkif;/ òrd@e,f/ &yf§aus;rsm;&Sd tzGJ@csKyf±kH;rsm;tm; 0ifa&muf&SmazGjcif;/ pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm; odr;f qnf;jcif;/ jynfe,f§wdik ;f / òr@d e,f/ &yf§aus; wm0ef&t dS zG@J 0ifrsm;tm; zrf;qD;jcif;/ jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;/ tzG@J csKyfqikd ;f bkwrf sm;udðk zwfcsapjcif;/ tpnf;ta0;usi;f yjcif;rsm;udk ydwyf ifwm;qD; jcif; ponfzh Ed ydS rf r_ sm;udk tpOfwpdu k cf cH &hJ ygonf? 14? w&m;0ifEikd if aH &;ygww D ck. yHrk eS af qmif±u G rf v _ yk if ef;rsm;udk raqmif&u G Ef ikd af p&ef [ef@ wm;r_rsm;udk ñuaH wG@&ygonf? ,if;uJo h @kd aomtajctaersK;d wGif xyfqifI h Edik if aH wmftwGuf t&Su&f zG,&f mjzpfonfh vl&rf;um;wpku tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifO;D / OD;=unfarmifEiS hf a': atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd . touftE &W m,fukd xdyg;apEdik o f nfw h u kd cf u kd rf r_ sm;udk (9-11-96) ae@u vHðk cHa&;wm0ef&o dS rl sm;.rsuaf rSmufwiG f jzpfymG ;cJ&h m ,ae@wikd v f &l rf;um;rsm;udk azmfxw k Ef ikd jf cif;r&Sd ao;yg? jrefrmEdik if w H 0Sr;f vH;k wGif ,ae@tajctaet& tzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;onf Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm; omruawmhb/J rdrw d @kd . pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;udprP sm;wGif [ef@wm;ydwq f @kd aESmif, h u S jf cif;rsm;udk ñuaH wG@ ae&ygonf? TuJo h @kd jzpf&yfrsm;onf Edik if aH wmfEiS Ehf ikd if o H m;rsm;tusK;d wGuaf omfvnf;aumif;/ ppfreS f aom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDjzpfxeG ;f ay:ayguEf ikd af &;twGuv f nf;aumif; rvdv k m;tyfaom jzpf&yfrsm; jzpfyg onf? Edik if w H iG ;f &Sjd y\emrsm;udk ajz&Si;f ay;Edik o f nfeh nf;vrf;rsm;r[kwyf g? 15? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D udk Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

510

509

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

tzG@J u usi;f yay;cJo h nfrmS ,ae@qv kd #if (7) ESpw f if;wif; jynfah jrmuf+yjD zpfygonf? ,if;a&G;aumufy. JG &vm'fjzpfaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfay:ayguaf &;udv k nf; jynfot l rsm;u tmomjyif;pGm/ ar#mv f ifh awmifw h v#u&f adS e=urnfjzpfygonf? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf jynfo@l vw $ f awmfOya'jyXmef;csurf sm;t&vnf;aumif;/ a=unmcsuf (1§90) t&vnf;aumif;/ ajzmifrh wfwnf =unfpmG jzifh jynfot l rsm;.qENujkd znfq h nf;ay;aomtm;jzifh 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif a&G;cs,cf cH &hJ aom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (392) OD;ESihf tjcm; a&G;cs,cf cH &hJ aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (87) OD;/ aygi;f (479) OD;wd@k jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmftm; tjrefq;kH ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;yg&ef txl;tav;teufxm; wdu k w f eG ;f tyfygonf? 16? jrefrmEdik if w H iG jf zpfay:aeaom Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;jy\emrsm;udk oufqikd &f mtm%mydik f tzG@J tpnf;tqifq h ifw h @kd rS trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftzG@J 0ifrsm;tay:wGif [ef@wm;zdEydS jf cif;jzifh ajz &Si;f Edik rf nfr[kwyf g? taxGaxGo[ZmwjzpfI wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfro S m acwfrw SD ;kd wufaom 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfopfqu D kd tcsed w f t kd wGi;f jynforl sm;.yl;aygi;f yg0ifrj_ zifh wnfaqmufEikd rf nfjzpf ygonf? wOD;ESiw hf OD;/ wzufEiS w hf zuf tmCmwuif;pifpmG jzifh jynfojl ynfom;wd@k . tusK;d pD;yGm;wck wnf;udo k m a&S ±_=uv#uf pdwaf umif;apwemaumif;jzifh awG@qakH qG;aEG;n Ed id_ ;f tajz&Smjcif;onfom v#if Edik if aH wmfEiS hf Edik if o H m;wd@k .tusK;d pD;yGm;udk azmfaqmifEikd rf nfh wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;jzpfonf [k trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ,H=k unfygonf? 17? xd@k a=umifh wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ESihf ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfopf tjrefq;kH ay:ayguEf ikd af &;twGuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS ,H=k unfygonf? (u) yGiv hf if; ±d;k om;r_EiS hf tjyeftvSeaf v;pm; vdu k ef ma&;rl/ (c) wrsKd;om;vHk;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;rl/ (*) tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfr_udka±S@±_aom rlwdk@udk udkifpGJv#uf/ awG@qakH qG;aEG; ndE id_ ;f tajz&SmEdi_ &f ef/ t+rJwapvufurf;óudaernfjzpfa=umif;udk T (7) ESpaf jrmuf a&G;aumufyEJG pS yf wfvnfae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS a=unmtyfyg onf? A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefòrd ? 1359 ckESpf/ uqkefvqkwf (6) &uf? 1997 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf?

2002 ckESpf/ arv (27) &ufae@wGifusif;yðyvkyfaom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (12) ajrmuf ESpfywfvnfae@tcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfajym=um;onfhrdef@cGef;?

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

511

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512

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

&S&d tk;H rSmbJ/ wu,fpOf;pm;=unfrh ,fqv kd @kd &&dS if usrwd@k vkd Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_[m tcuft cJ a wG yaysmuf oGm;w,fqkdwm r&SdoavmufygyJ// tcuftcJawG yaysmufoGm;w,fqdkwJhtcgqdkvkd@&Sd&if usrwdk@ &J v_y&f mS ;r_w@kd vnf; vdt k yfrmS r[kwyf gb;l // usrwd@k quf+y;D awmh v_y&f mS ;zd@k qw kd mvnf; rvkad wmhygb;l ? 'ga=umifh wenf;tm;jzifah jym&&if usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf[m uk, d &hf J tvkyw f iG u f s,zf @kd twGuf ud, k v f yk f aew,fv@kd vnf; ajymEdik yf gw,f// usrwd@k 'Dru dk a&pD&&So d mG ;+yq D v kd @kd &&dS if trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf& J t"du&nf&, G cf sujf ynf0h oGm;+yq D v kd @kd &&dS if usrwk@d quf+y;D awmh vkyaf ezd@k &mta=umif;uawmh ody+f y;D awmh r&Sdawmhygbl;// 'Dvdkajymjcif;tm;jzifh 'Drdkua&pD&vmvdk@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyfudk zsufodrf; vdu k &f rSmvm;qdw k m r[kwyf gb;l ? usrwd@k & J t"du&nf&, G cf sujf ynf0h oGm;wJt h cgusv@kd &&dS if 'Dusrwd@k trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyftjyif wjcm;Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;[mvnf; 'Dru kd a&pDtwGuf 0dik ;f 0ef; +y;D awmhvy_ &f mS ;Edik w f t hJ cGit hf a&;awG &&Syd gvrd rhf ,f? tckq&kd if trsm;odwt hJ wdik ;f yJ usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyfu 'Dtwdik ;f twmwcktxd tcGit hf a&;awG&aeygw,f// tcGit hf a&;qdw k m vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf cGit hf a&; ajym wmaemf? txl;tcGit hf a&;ajymaewmr[kw k yf gb;l ? usrwd@k & J vkyyf idk cf iG hf tcGit hf a&;awGukd usrwd@k aoaocsmcsmok;H zd@k vdyk gw,f? 'Dvakd oaocsmcsmok;H rS usrwd@k vckd siw f yhJ ef;wkid af &mufrmS yg// usrwd@k vckd siw f yhJ ef;wdik q f w kd m[m 'Dru kd a&pDy?J tpuwnf;u usrwd k 'DtzJ@G csKyfukd xlaxmif cJw h m[m tpuwnf;u&S+d yD;om; Edik if aH &;ygww D cktaeESihf 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_xrJ mS yg0if+yD;awmh ,SOòf yid cf w hJ t hJ zJ@G r[kwyf gb;l // 'Dru kd a&pD&zd@k twGuf oufoufz@GJ xm;wJt h zJ@G jzpfygw,f? 'Dtwdik ;f yJ usrwk@d pdwx f rJ mS xm;&ygvrd rhf ,f? tck (12) ESpt f wGi;f rSmqdv k @kd &&dS if tawG@tñut H rsK;d rsK;d eJ@ usrwd@k &ifqikd cf &hJ yg w,f? wcsK@d awGqv kd @kd &&dS ifvnf; Edik if aH &;t&&ifu h suv f mwmawGvnf; &Sw d ,f// wcsK@d usawmhvnf; Edik if aH &;t& 'Davmuf=um=umvkycf o hJ avmuf &ifu h suo f ifo h avmufr&ifu h sucf w hJ mawGvnf; &Syd g w,f? 'Dawmh tm;vk;H ud0k ikd ;f +y;D awmh óu;d pm;apcsiyf gw,f// usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf0ifawG[m Edik if aH &;&ifu h surf _ r&Sb d ;l qkv d @kd &&dS if jynfov l x l u k kd &ifu h surf &_ adS tmifv@dk usrwd@k b,fvv kd yk jf yEdik yf govJ// Ekid if aH &;ygwD wckz@GJ xm;+yD; Ekid if aH &;ygwx D 0J ifxm;+yDqv kd @kd &&dS ifawmh Edik if aH &;ygwx D rJ mS rygbJ jynfov l x l b k ufawmh yg+y;D awmh Edik if aH &;&ifu h surf &_ &dS r,f// r&Sb d ;l qkv d @kd &&dS if ud, k u hf , kd u f kd Edik if aH &;ygw0D ifwa,mufv@kd ac:&rS awmh 'g[mvdyjf ymroef@p&mta=umif; jzpfomG ;ygvrd rhf ,f? usrwk@d tck jynfov l x l =k um;xJrmS pnf;¶k;H zd@k vdw k ,f? wpdu k rf wfrwf tzG@J csKy[ f m tpuwnf;u jynfov l x l =k um;xJrmS pnf;¶k;H zd@k q+kd y;D awmhusrwd@k vkycf w hJ myJ? jynfov l x l Ek iS u hf if;uGmaerSawmh usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf&hJ wnfaxmifjcif;&J t"dym` ,f[mvnf; ysupf ;D oGm;rSmyJ? 'Dawmh usrwd@k [m vkyEf ikd o f avmuf usrwd@k & J &ydik cf iG t hf & jynfov l x l =k um;xJrmS pnf;¶k;H v_y&f mS ;&r,f// tckqv kd @kd &&dS if jynfov l x l [ k m bmvdck siv f v J @kd ar;vdu k w f t hJ cg=uvd@k &&dS if usw@kd =um;&wm bmawG =um;&vJqakd wmh rD;rSerf eS v f ckd siw f ,f? a&rSerf eS v f ckd siw f ,f? ukeaf ps;E_e;f awG usomG ;wmawG vkcd siw f ,f? olw@kfd & J uav;awG ynma&;tqifajyapcsiw f ,f? 'Dvakd jz=uw,f? 'Dvakd jymwmvnf; jynfov l x l b k ufu tJ'gajymwmvnf; rSeyf gw,f// vlxt k aeESihf at;at;aq;aq; vHv k ðkH cðH caH ecsif w,f? ntcg arSmifwJhtcg=uvdk@&Sd&if rD;awGvif;EdkifwJhtcGifhta&;awG vdkcsifw,f? reufusawmh aps;oGm;wJt h cgusv@kd &&dS if ud, k &hf J rdom;pk pm;Edik af omufEikd af tmifv@kd aeEdik w f t hJ ajctaeav;rSm &Sad ecsif w,f? om;orD;awGukd ynmoifay;wJt h cgusv@kd &&dS if aemif'o D m;orD;awG[m rdrw d @kd twGuf rdrw d @kd

ajcaxmufay:&yfwnfEikd w f hJ tajctaejzpfEikd af vmufatmif ynm&apcsiw f ,f// 'g[m jynfov l x l k taeESit hf rSm;ygb;l ? 'gayrJh 'gawG&atmifvyk zf @kd qw kd m ud, k u f ae+y;D awmh/ xdik +f y;D awmh/ olrsm;vkyaf y;wm apmifh aevd@k r&bl;qdw k m em;vnfz@kd vykd gw,f/ tJ'v D ekd m;vnfatmifvyk &f wJh tvkyw f ck[m tifrwefrS cufcJ w,fqw kd m usrwd@k awG@&ygw,f//vlxak wmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m a&G;aumufyaJG e@rmS rJxnfv h u kd v f @kd &&dS if wm0efausyeG o f mG ;+yv D @kd 'Dvykd Jxif=uw,f// rJxnfv h u kd +f y/D tJ'aD wmh rJxnfv h u kd u f wnf;u Edik w f yhJ gwD vkyzf @kd yx J if+yD;awmh tJ'v D jkd rif=uw,f// tckxv d nf; 'Dtwdik ;f ajymwmufkd &Hzef&cH g=um;&w,f// a&G; aumufyw JG ek ;f u rJxnfv h u kd +f y;D +y?D tcktrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyfuvkyaf y;vd@k qdw k yhJ pkH rH sK;d eJ@ tJ'v D kd ajymaewmawG tckxufxad wmif usrwd@k =um;&ygw,f// 'Dawmh jynfov l x l u k akd jym&rSmu rJwcg xnf¶h ekH @J r+yD;ao;bl;? usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyfawG}uD;yJ tm;ud;k aevd@k r+yD;ao;bl;// ud, k w f wfEikd o f avmuf yg0if&r,fqw kd m xyfcgwvJvaJ jymae&wJh udpjP zpfygw,f? 'g[m a&G;aumufyu JG mvuwifr[kwb f ;l ? a&G;aumufyrJG wdik rf SD 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;puwnf;u 'Dvykd J usrwd@k ajymae=uwmyg// Edik if aH &; [m tm;vH;k eJ@qikd w f ,f// tm;vH;k uyg0if+yD;awmhvy_ &f mS ;rS ud, k v f ckd siw f yhJ ef;wdik u f kd a&mufEikd w f ,fqkd +y;D awmh ajymae=uygw,f// r=umcifumvqdv k @kd &&dS if usrwd@k vyk af z:udik zf ufawGu pajymvmw,f// ta&S wDarmrSmawmh vGwv f yfa&;&oGm;+y?D olw@kd u t&ife;D oGm;+yaD ygah v// tJ'[ D mudk enf;enf;tm;usvu kd yf g? tm;i,fvu kd f wm? olw@kd uawmh t&if&oGm;+yDv@kd ajymw,f// tJ'v D akd jymwJt h cgusawmh wu,fpOf;pm;=unfrh ,f qdv k @kd &&dS if ta&S wDarmujynfov l x l u k trsm;}uD;cH&ygw,f// awmfawmhukd aoG;xGuo f , H cdk +H yD;rS 'Dtajctaeudk a&mufvmwmyg// wdw k adk jym&r,fq&kd if avmu}u;D rSm bmrStvum;r&bl;? ud, k pf rG ;f aqmifoavmufu, kd &f wmbJ? ud, k óf u;d yrf;oavmuf/ tepfemcHoavmuf ud, k &f wmyJ? tJ'aD wmh óu;d yrf;Edik &f r,f? tepfemcH&r,f// aemuf+y;D awmh 'Dtcsed rf mS óu;d yrf;w,f? tepfemcHw,fqw kd m aemifukd tusK;d cHpm;zd@k twGuf r[kwb f ;l // 'gvnf;ESv;kH oGi;f xm;apcsiw f ,f// usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf0ifawGtaeESihf =uKH wke;f qHw k ek ;f awmh usrajym&rSmyJ? usrwd@k tzG@J csKyf0if[m 'guawmh vlom;yDyrD @kd vm;awmhrodb;l ? tcGit hf a&;av;awG&vd@k &&dS if ,lcsiw f phJ w d u f av;awG&w dS ,f// tJ'pD w d u f av;awGuakd wmhxed ;f =uyg? ud, k t hf ajctaeav;u enf;enf;aumif;vm+yq D v kd @kd &&dS if zdeif;+y;D awmh/ 'Dtajctaetay: zdeif;+y;D awmh ausmcf siw f yhJ pkH aH v;awG usrwd@k awG@&w,f// tJ'grsK;d awGrvkyyf ge@J v@dk usrowday;yg&ap// tckvckd uf cufccJ EJ iS hf ¶ke;f uefaewJt h csed rf mS awmifrS ¶kid ;f ¶kidk ;f ajym&&if vlyg;0csiw f ,faygah emf? usrwd@k 'Dru kd a&pD&wJh tcgusv@dk &&dS if b,fvv dk yk af ervJ 'Dvpkd w d "f mwfawG rxm;=uygEiS ?hf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf0if awGukd jynfov l x l u k ae+y;D awmh =unfrh &bJ tjrifuyf&wJt h ajctaersK;d jzpfomG ;avmufatmifawmh b,fawmhrS rvky=f uygEiS ?hf tu,fI tajctaeawGaumif;oGm;+yq D v kd @kd &&dS if usrwd@k val wGu aemuf qkwaf y;zd@k vdyk gw,f? tajctaeaumif;oGm;wJt h cgrmS aemufqw k af y;wJv h rl sm;omv#if wu,fu h dk apwemrSew f myg// tcuftcJ&w dS t hJ cgrmS a&S wef;uae+yD;awmhcEH ikd &f r,f// cHpm;=uwJt h csed =f uvd@k &&dS if aemuf qkw&f r,f// aemufwef;uae+y;D awmh/ uk, d u fh u dk , dk f pdwEf pS òf cu d rf E_ iS hf aeEdik rf ,f// tJ'v D akd eEdik rf o S mv#if usrwd@k tzJ@G csKy&f J odumQ ukd usrwd@k xed ;f odr;f Edik rf mS jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh usrwd@k tzJ@G csKy&f J odumQ ukd xde;f odr;f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

514

513

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

zd@k qw dk m[m tzJ@G csKyf0iftm;vk;H &J wm0efjzpfw,f// usrwd@k 1990 ckEpS w f ek ;f uusi;f ycJw h hJ a&G;aumufyGJ &vm'ft& jynfov l x l &k J qENawGukd xkwaf zmfEikd zf @kd qw kd m[m usrwk@d trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf0if awG& J wm0efjzpfw,f/ 1990 ckEpS w f ek ;f u jynfov l x l u k ,k, H =Hk unf=unfEiS hf usrwd@k & J tzJ@G csKyu f kd rJay;cJh w,f// 'Dvkd ,k, H =Hk unf=unfEiS rhf aJ y;cJw h mudk usrwd@k [m t+rw J rf; jynfov l x l [ k m wd@k u, kd =Hk unfwhJ jynfov l x l jk zpfw,f// olw@kd ,=Hk unfcsuaf wG ysujf ym;roGm;atmifv@kd ae&r,fq+dk y;D awmh/ oHEÏdM mefcs+y;D awmh/ vky&f rSmjzpfygw,f// usrwd@k v}l uD;awGqv kd @kd &&dS if (14) ESp=f umayrJv h nf; vk;H vk;H rS pdw"f mwf r,dr;f ,kid yf EJ iS hf 'Dtwdik ;f bJ? vli,fawG[m yk+d y;D awmhoem;p&maumif;ygw,f// pvkyw f ek ;f u (20) ausmf av;awG/ tckcsed rf mS qkv d @kd &&dS if vli,fawmif r[kwb f ;l ? vl}u;D ydik ;f a&mufomG ;+y?D (30) ausm/f (40) eD; vm+y/D / tJ't D csed u f mvtwGi;f rSm rdrw d @kd & J b0xlaxmifEikd af &; bmrSow l @kd rvkyEf idk cf yhJ gb;l ? 'DtzJ@G csKyf& J vkyif ef;awGxrJ mS ¶ke;f uef&if;ESihf axmifx0J ifvu dk f axmifxu J xGuv f u dk /f ajy;vdu k v f m$ ;vdu k ef @J 'Dvykd J jzwfausmcf w hJ mjzpfygw,f// tJ'aD wmh 'Dvv kd }l u;D awG/ vli,fawG&adS ewJt h zJ@G csKyf[m atmifuadk tmifjrif& r,fv@kd usr,k=H unfygw,f/ 'gayrJv h }l u;D awG vli,fawG=um;xJrmS vnf; nD!w G zf @kd awmhvw kd ,f aygah v? vl}uD;/ vli,fawGnD!GwfrS usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf[m acsmacsmarmarmESifh rsKd;qufopfawG wck+yD; wckquf+y;D awmh wdik ;f jynf& J tusK;d udk xrf;aqmifomG ;Edik rf mS jzpfygw,f// tckusrxde;f odr;f cHae&wJh (18) vumvtwGi;f rSmqd&k if usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf[m &yfwnfEikd cf w hJ ,fqw kd m usrwk@d *% k , f El ikd pf &mta=umif; wckygbJ? cufcufccJ eJ @J &yfwnfEikd cf w hJ ,f// cufcufccJ eJ @J &yfwnfEikd cf v hJ @kd vnf; tckusrwd@k 'Dtajctae ukad &mufvmwmyg? quf+y;D awmhvnf; cufcufccJ EJ iS v hf yk o f mG ;r,fv@kd usrar#mv f ifyh gw,f// cufcuf cJcEJ iS v hf yk zf @kd yJ acgi;f xJrmS xm;yg// wk@d [m b,fawmhp&H rvJqw dk m vk;H vk;H rpOf;ygEiS ?hf cHp&m&Sd tm;vk;H cHomG ; r,fqw kd [ hJ myJ acgi;f xJrmS 'Dvykd x J m;yg// tJ'v D akd cgi;f xJrmS xm;awmh jzpfwt hJ cg cH&wmvG,w f maygah v? acgi;f xJrmS pH&r,f? pH&r,fv@kd xifxm;+y;D rS cHv@kd &&dS if enf;enf;yd+k y;D awmh txdemw,fayg/h / 'Dawmh cHp&m &Scd o H mG ;+y;D awmh tJ'v D ykd pJ w d x f m;+y;D cHp&m&S&d ifco H mG ;=uyg// uk, d u f ae+y;D awmh óu;d pm;cJv h @kd uk, d &f yfcw hJ hJ &vm'fawGt& tusK;d qufawGjzpfvmwJh tcgusv@dk &&dS ifawmh jynfov l x l ek @J a0iS+y;D awmh cHpm;&r,f qdw k m rarhygEiS /hf / usrwd@k twGu}f u;D yJr[kwb f ;l // tzJ@G csKyf}u;D yJ r[kwyf gb;l // trsm;twGuf usrwd@k vkyaf e=uwmyg// (14) ESpu f mv usrwd@k vufw+GJ y;D awmhvyk cf +hJ y;D xyfwvJvJ 'Dru kd a&pDoabmw&m;awGudk vnf; usrwd@k a[mcJah jymcJ+h y/D wa,mufEiS w hf a,mufvnf; 'Doabmw&m;awGukd aqG;aEG;cJzh vS,cf +hJ y?D 'Dawmh (14) ESpv f ;Hk vk;H vufwcGJ w hJ hJ &Jabmf&b J ufawGqw kd m wOD;ay:wOD; em;vnfrt _ jynft h 0&So d if+h yv D @kd usrxifygw,f// quf+y;D awmh/ usrwd@k em;vnfrt _ jynft h 0ESihf vkyo f mG ;r,fqv kd @kd &&dS if usrwd@k vckd siw f hJ yef;wdik u f &dk rSmyg// uJxyfwvJvaJ jymjyef+y?D b,fawmh&rSmvJ/ b,fawmh&rSmvJqakd wmh ud, k v f yk Ef ikd w f hJ oavmuf jrefrmS yJv@dk / jynfov l x l v k nf; 'Dvykd gy?J jynfov l x l t k aeESihf usrwd@k vx l x k u J ae+y;D awmh 'Dru kd a&pDb,fawmh&rSmvJv@dk ar;vd@k &&dS if usruawmh tjrw J rf;jyefajzrSmbJ// tJ'gawmh jynfov l x l ók u;d yrf;r_tay:rlwnfwmaygv h @kd ? tm;vk;H u0dik ;f +y;D awmh b,favmufxd óu;d yrf;Edik rf vJ// uk, d óf u;d yrf;oavmufyJ jrefrmS bJ? olrsm;vkyw f mudk av#muf+y;D awmh ar#mrf ae=uyg ESiv hf @dk ? usr tJ'gyJ owday;csiyf gw,f// xyfwvJvo J wday;aewm 'gawGy?J uJ usrwk@d tzJ@G csKyf0if

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cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

516

515

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&;twGujf zpfygw,f// tJ'v D kd r[mrdwrf sm;&Sv d @kd om usrwd@k & J tem*wfjynfaxmifpt k wGuf ar#mv f ifh csu&f w dS m jzpfygw,f// usrwd@k wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;[m nDn! D w G ! f w G Ef iS hf rvkyEf ikd b f ;l qdv k @kd &&dS if usrwd@k & J jynfaxmifpt k wGuf aumif;wJt h em*wfqw kd mr&SEd ikd yf gb;l ?usrwd@k wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;nDtudak rmifErS rsm;ESihf cdik rf mwJn h ! D w G rf u _ kd ,lEikd rf ,fqv kd @kd &&dS if usrwd@k Eikd if [ H m wu,f udk trsm;twGuftusKd;ðyEdkifwJh jynfaxmifpk}uD; jzpfoGm;r,fqdkwm usrwdk@,Hk=unfygw,f// usrwd@k tzJ@G csKyf[m Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;jzpfw,f// usrwd@k r[mrdww f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; em;vnf ygw,f// tJ'ga=umifrh @kd owd&W &dS EdS iS hf jynfaxmifpt k usK;d ud=k unf+h y;D awmh usrwd@k EiS v hf ufww GJ hJ r[mrdwf rsm;udk txl;aus;Zl;wifygw,f? tJ'aD us;Zl;udv k nf; usrwd@k & J tzG@J 0ifrsm;[m todtrSwðf yapcsiyf gw,f// aemuf+yD;awmh usrwd@k ukd axmufcaH y;wJh urBmt h odik ;f t0dik ;f vnf; &Syd gao;w,f// Edik if w H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f u usrwd@k tzG@J csKy&f J v_y&f mS ;r_ukd axmufcyH gw,f/ usrwd@k vy_ &f mS ;r_rmS jy\emawG&&dS if/ tcuftcJawG&&dS if usrwd@k bufuae+y;D awmh &yfwnfay;cJyh gw,f// 'g[m rdwaf umif;aqGaumif;awGv@kd yv J @kd usr'Dvykd , J =kH unfygw,f/ usrwd@k &@J rw d af qGaumif; awG& J aus;Zl;udv k nf; usrwd@k rarhoifyh gb;l ? rdwaf qGaumif;rsm;&J aus;Zl;udk em;rvnfwo hJ rl sm;[m aemifqv kd @kd &&dS if rdwaf qGaumif;&zd@k tifrwefrcS ufco J mG ;ygvrd rhf ,f/ 'D (14) ESpu f mvudak wmh a&G;aumuf yJu G aewGuv f u kd &f if (10) aygah v? 1988 ckEpS u f p+y;D awmh wGurf ,fqv kd @kd &&dS if (14) ESpw f mumvrsm;rSm usrwd@k uu kd n l cD w hJ hJ Edik if w H umtokid ;f t0dik ;f urdwaf qGawG usrwd@k jynfwiG ;f u r[mrdwaf wG usrwd@k & J tzJ@G csKyf0ifawG usrwd@k ukd ,H=k unftm;ud;k wJjh ynfov l x l ak wG tm;vH;k [m nDn! D w G ! f w G ef @J vufwJG +y;D awmh quf+y;D oGm;Edik w f ,fv@kd ,H=k unfygw,f// tJ'v D n kd n D ! D w G ! f w G Ef iS hf quf+y;D awmhvufwo JG mG ;&if tjrefq;kH 'Dru kd a&pDyef;wdik u f kd a&mufr,fv@kd usr,H=k unfygw,f// usrwd@k 'Dae@rmS oHEÏdM mefcsv@kd usrwk@d tm;vH;k [m 'Dru kd a&pDyef;wdik u f akd &mufwt hJ xd pdw"f mwfcikd cf ikd rf mrmESiahf e=ur,f// wOD;tay:wOD;u &if;ES;D rSeu f efwhJ &Jabmf&b J ufpw d x f m;=ur,f// usrwd@k tay:rSm aus;Zl;ðycJw h o hJ al wG& J aus;Zl;udk b,f awmhrS usrwd@k rarhb;l // rdwaf umif;aqGaumif;yDor,fv@kd 'Dvykd J oHEÏdM mefcsapcsiyf gw,f// 'Dvo kd EH XdM mef awGcs+y;D awmh/ usrwd@k o,fomG ;r,fqv kd @kd &&dS if tm;vH;k vdck siw f hJ vHðk c+H y;D awmh at;csr;f wd;k wufwhJ jynf axmifpk jrefrmEdik if aH wmf}u;D udk odr;f ydu k +f y;D awmh/ r=umrDumvtwGi;f usrwd@k xal xmifEikd rf ,fv@kd usr ,H=k unfw,fv@kd ajym&if;ESihf tm;vH;k udk E_wq f ufvu kd yf gw,f// aus;Zl;wifygw,f//

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf; A[ef;òr e,f/ &efukefòr

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517

ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (12) ESpfajrmuf a=unmpmwrf;? a=unmcsuftrSwf - 6 (5§02) Tae@T&ufjzpfaom 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f jrefrmEdik if t H m%mydik rf sm;u ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy JG [k 'Dru kd a&pDa&;twGuf t"dym` ,fjynf0h onfh trnfemr rsm;jzifh a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (,ck EdkifiHawmfat;csrf; om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifp)D . 1989 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufpyJG g Oya'trSwf (14§89) jzpfaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' t& usi;f yay;cJo h nf? ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy JG qdo k nfh a0g[m&rsm;ESiyhf wfoufI &Si;f vif; oGm;rnf? ygwpD kH qdo k nfrmS Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J (,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifp)D . 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (27) &ufpyJG g Oya'trSwf (4§88) jzpfaom Edik if aH &;ygwD rsm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;onfh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;jzpfay onf? Oya'u EdkifiHa&;ygwDqdkonfrSm ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHusifhoHk;aom tzGJ@tpnf;udk qdkvdkonf[k jyXmef;xm;onf? 'Drdkua&pD qdkonfrSm tcsKyftjcmt%monf jynfolvlxkxHrSqif;oufonf[laom a0g[m&t& rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd o f nfh jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; ay:ayguv f m&rnf[k t"dym` ,faqmifayonf? if;jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u Oya't& jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yfz@JG pnf;I wdik ;f jynfEiS hf jynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH twGuf tusK;d ðyEdik rf nf/h tusK;d ðyay;Edik rf nfh Oya'ðya&;/ tkycf sKyaf &;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;wd@k EiS hf ywfoufonfOh ya'rsm;/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk jyXmef;ay;&rnft h jyif ,if;wd@k . pDrcH ef@crJG t _ m%mwd@k ukd A[kEd iS ahf 'oqdik &f mtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f Edik cf iG &hf jdS cif;wd@k jzpfayonf? if;jyif 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;jzpfaom vGwv f yfpmG pnf;¶k;H cGi/hf pka0;cGi/hf zG@J pnf;Edik cf iG /hf zGi[ hf a&;om;azmfjyEdik cf iG hf tp&So d nfrsm;udk urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J csKy. f tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf;ESit hf nD jynfov l x l u k &&Scd pH m;=u&ef jzpfayonf? Ta=unmpmwrf;udk jrefrmEdik if u H oabmwlvufcI H vufrw S af &;xd;k cJ+h y;D jzpfayonf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufy JG qdo k nfrmS wwdik ;f jynfv;kH &Sd rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k wdik ;f jynf. jynfo@l vw $ af wmftwGuf ,if;wd@k uu kd , dk pf m;ðyrnfh ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,rf sm;udk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufay;&ef jzpfayonf? Oya'u a&G;aumufy JG qdo k nfrmS ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG q kd o kd nf[k jyXmef;onf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f (93) ckaom Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; yg0if,OS òf ydicf =hJ u onf? ,ae@wiG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftygt0if Edik if aH &;ygwD (10) ckomv#if w&m;0if&yfwnf

518

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

vsu&f adS eayonf? 'Dru kd a&pDenf;t& rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k Edik if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;wd@k . a&G;aumufyJG a=unmpmwrf;rsm;udk zwf¶a_ vhvmqef;ppfI Edik if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;rS rdród uduEf pS o f uf&m jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;udk vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wpGm qENraJ y;jcif;jzifh a&G;cs,cf =hJ uonf? tm%mydik rf sm;u v$waf wmfrq J ENe,faygi;f (492) ae&m[k owfrw S cf ahJ omfvnf; v$wf awmfrq J ENe,f (485) ae&mrsm;Yomvsif qENraJ y;cGiðhf ycJo h nf? ,if;rJqENe,frsm;wGif yg0if,OS òf yid =f u&ef trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyrf S ygwpD nf;urf;pnf;rsO;f rsm;t& jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm; tjzpf w&m;0ifowfrw S w f m0efay;vdu k o f nf? 4if;wd@k teuf (392) OD;udk rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufay;vdu k o f nf? xdu k o hJ @kd tzG@J csKyu f wm0efay;um owfrw S af y;vdu k I f om a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf æ (1) rdrdtm;qENrJay;vdkufonfh rJqEN&Sifrsm;tay:wGif wm0ef&Sdonf? rJqEN&Sifrsm;tm; av;pm;&rnf? ypfy,fIrxm;&? (2) tzG@J csKyfu jyXmef;xm;aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG a=unmpmwrf;yg tcsuf rsm;udk arhaysmufypfIr&? xdt k csurf sm;onf rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l t k ay: 0efcu H wday;xm; onfrsm; jzpfayonf? (3) rdrt d m;a&G;cs,w f m0efay;vdu k af om tzG@J csKyt f ay:wGif opPm&S&d rnf? tzG@J csKyu f owfrw S f xm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdu k ef m&rnf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@uusi;f yay;cJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG +y;D pD;cJo h nfrmS Tae@ T&ufwiG f (12) ESpw f if;wif;jynfch ahJ y+y?D vlwOD;wa,muf. oufwrf;t&qdv k #if &Sn=f umanmif;aomtcsed u f mv jzpfayonf? Ta&G;aumufyu JG kd urBmESijhf refrmtjyif tm%mydik f rsm;uyg vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufy[ JG k uifyeG ;f wyfc=hJ uonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif v$wfawmf qdkonfrSm jynfol@ v$wfawmf udq k o kd nf [k jyXmef;xm;onf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf wdik ;f jynf.zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'udk om a&;qGaJ y;&onfh wdik ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfr[kwb f /J Oya'ðya&;/ tkycf sKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;udprP sm; twGuOf ya'jyXmef;ay;jcif;/ ,if;wd@k . pDrcH ef@crJG @_ tm%mwd@k ukd A[dEk iS ahf 'oqdik &f mtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; cGJa0tyfESif;EdkifcGifh&Sdjcif;wdk@tjyif/ EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udkvnf; a&;qGJItwnfðy Edik cf iG &hf o dS nf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfqo kd nfrmS Edik if o H m;rsm;.ud, k pf m; Edik if aH wmf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk cH,u l sio hf ;kH aom Edik if aH wmf. tjrifq h ;kH tm%mydik t f zG@J tpnf;jzpfayonf? rJqENe,f qdo k nfrmS v$waf wmfrq J ENe,fuq kd o kd nf [k jyXmef;xm;onf? v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS, f qdo k nfrmS v$waf wmfo@kd a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&oluq kd o kd nf? [k jyXmef;xm; onf? ,if;uJo h @kd teuft"dym` ,ftoD;oD;rsm;jzifh jyXmef;xm;aoma=umifh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H awmftm; ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmf wnfaqmuf&ef OD;wnfa=umif; xif&mS ;ay:vGiaf eayonf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyEJG iS phf yfvsO;f I Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk tm%mydik rf sm; u 1989 ckEpS u f yif xkwjf yefjyXmef;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? - tm%mydik rf sm;u xkwjf yefjyXmef;xm;onfh a&G;aumufyOJG ya'rsm;udk ,H=k unf=uI rJqEN&iS f rsm;u qENraJ y;cJ=h ujcif;jzpfonf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;uvnf; yg0if

,SOòf yid t f a&G;cHc=hJ ujcif; jzpfonf? - rnfow l OD;wa,mufur# +crd ;f ajcmufr/_ tEdik t f xufðyr_/ vH;k 0r&Sb d J rJqEN&iS f jynfov l x l k u rdr. d vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt&vnf;aumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDuv kd u kd ef m cH,v l =kd uIvnf; aumif;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufc+hJ y;D jzpfayonf? - a&G;aumufyu JG kd 1990 jynfEh pS w f iG u f si;f y+y;D pD;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? jynfwiG ;f jynfyESihf tm%mydik f wd@k u vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyt JG p&So d nfrsm;[k xkwaf zmfc+hJ y;D jzpfonf? od@k aomfvnf; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'. tcef; (2) v$waf wmfz@JG pnf;jcif; acgi;f pOf yk'rf (3) wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufvu dk af om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh @JG pnf;&rnf [lonfukd oufqikd &f mtm%mydik f rsm;u av;pm;vdu k ef m+y;D taumiftxnfazmfay;&ef vdt k yfvyS gonf? if;jyif urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J csKyf}u;D wGif jrefrmEdik if o H nf tzG@J 0ifwEdik if t H jzpf yg0ifaeonf? tzG@J 0ifEikd if jH zpfonft h m;av#mpf mG tzG@J csKyf}u;D u wnDw!Gww f nf; csrw S af y;vdu k o f nfh 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fonf 'Dru kd a&pDukd jynfov l x l u k vkv d m;a=umif; jyovdu k jf cif;jzpfonf[al om qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd av;pm;vdu k ef m&efwm0ef&adS yonf? ,ae@urBm&h mG }u;D wGif wkid ;f jynfwjynfwnf; txD; use&f yfwnfI r&Edik af y? &yfwnfIvnf; &Edik rf nfr[kwaf y? xk@d a=umifh 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyJG &v'frsm;udjk yXmef;xm;onfh Oya'yk'rf rsm;t&tm%mydik rf sm;utaumiftxnfazmfay;&ef vdt k yfay vdrrhf nf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yf ay:ayguv f mjcif;rðyrD trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf tjcm;wdik ;f &if; om; vlrsK;d pkEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;jzpf=uaom &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J / Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &ufw@kd EiS zhf @JG pnf;xm;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðy aumfrwDonf qufvuf&yfwnfaernfjzpfayonf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf yg0ifaeaomygwD (5) ygwED iS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm;&&S&d efuo kd m óu;d yrf;oGm;rnfr[kwaf y? 1990 jynfEpS f a&G;aumuf yGw J iG t f Edik &f &Scd ahJ om tjcm;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm; &&S&d efukd yg óu;d yrf;rnfjzpfayonf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG usi;f yrD 1989 ckEpS u f yif wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk (18) ygww D @kd onf jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (,lteJ t f ,fv'f )D tjzpf zG@J pnf;cJh ayonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;onf xdek nf;wl tem*wfwiG v f nf; jynfaxmifpEk ikd if t H usK;d twGuf pnf;vH;k nD!w G pf mG v_y&f mS ;oGm;Edik rf nf[k ,H=k unfayonf? ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfudk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;yg0ifrSom wnf aqmufEikd rf nfjzpfayonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;. &nfreS ;f csurf sm;udk tjrw J apxnho f iG ;f pOf;pm;aqmif&u G af ernf jzpfayonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.tjrJwap&yfwnfcsufrSm wdkif;jynfESifhjynfoljynfom;rsm; tusK;d twGuf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ use;f rma&;udp&P yfrsm;udk tzG@J csKyfEiS hf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifpw D @kd onf Edik if aH &;t"dym` ,fjynf0h aom aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifo h m ajz&Si;f &rnfjzpf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

520

519

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

ayonf? Edik if . H jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Si;f &efóu;d yrf;&mY tzG@J csKyfonf jyifomajymif;omaomenf;udo k m toH;k ðycJah yonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifpw D @kd t=um; av;eufaomEdik if aH &;aqG;aEG;yGjJ zpfay:vma&;udk wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;onf em;vnfrt _ jynfh t0jzifh axmufcóH uq d =kd uonf? urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J csKyf taxGaxGnv D mcH.qH;k jzwfcsuEf iS t hf nD wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;yg0if aom oH;k OD;oH;k zvS,af qG;aEG;yGrJ sm; tjrefq;kH jzpfay:a&;twGuf óu;d yrf;oGm;=urnf? od@k aomf awG@qakH qG;aEG;jcif;rðyrDumvwGif ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm; ESiyhf wfoufIvnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;nDvmcHEiS yhf wfoufIvnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'a&;qGaJ &;ESiyhf wfoufIvnf;aumif;/ wdik ;f jynf. Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ use;f rma&;/ ynma&;/ Edik if jH cm;&if;ES;D jry Ef rHS r_ sm;/ urBmvSnchf &D;oGm;vma&;vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. rl&if;0g'rsm; ajymif;vJjcif;&Srd nf r[kwaf o;ay? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf 2002 ckEpS /f arv (6) &ufae@u aetdrw f iG x f ed ;f odr;f xm;jcif;rS ¹ciG ;f csurf &Sd vGwaf jrmufvmjcif;onf tzG@J csKyEf iS hf Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifpw D @kd t=um; ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufjcif;tqifh ausmv f eG o f mG ;+yD jzpfayonf? ,if;rSwqifw h ;kd I txufwiG af &;om;cJ+h y;D onfh t"dym` ,fjynf0h aom Edik if aH &;awG@qakH qG;aEG; a&;tqifo h @kd rvGrJ aoG raES;tjrefwuf=u&ef vdak yonf? aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;p&ef aESmifah ES;onfEiS t hf r# wdik ;f oljynfom;rsm; epfemrnfjzpfayonf? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unf xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rS vGwaf jrmufvmygaomf vnf;/ - Edik if aH &;yk'rf toD;oD;wd@k jzifh tusO;f uscaH e=u&onfh æ - Edik if aH &;yk'rf rsm;r[kwyf gbJ Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_a=umifo h m tjcm;Oya'w&yf&yf. yk'rf rsm; jzifh tusO;f uscaH e=u&onfh æ tusO;f usrsm;tm;vH;k onf vGwaf jrmufvmjcif;r&Sad o;ojzifh if;wd@k tm; ¹ciG ;f csuw f pHw k &mr&Sad pbJ tusO;f axmiftoD;oD;rS tjrefq;kH v$waf y;&ef wdu k w f eG ;f &rnfjzpfay onf? if;wd@k vGwaf jrmufvmjcif;onf Edik if aH &;tajctaersm; ydrk w kd ;kd wufaumif;rGev f mjcif;ESihf vlom; jcif;pmemaxmufxm;r_rsm; rnfayonf? rGejf rwfvaS yonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaejzifh EdkifiHa&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sdoifhoavmuf&&Sdae+yD jzpfouJo h @kd tjcm;Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;onfvnf; Edik if aH &;pnf;¶k;H v_y&f mS ;r_ &&S=d u&rnfjzpfayonf? odk@rSom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;tygt0if jynfoljynfom;tm;vHk;. tusKd;&v'frsm; ay:xGe;f taumiftxnfay:vmrnfjzpfayonf? jynfov l x l Ek iS t hf yk cf sKyforl sm;t=um; aygi;f ul;wHwm; ozG,f &yfwnfjcif;rSm Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. t"duvkyif ef;w&yfjzpfayonf? 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fupd EP iS hf wdik ;f oljynfom; (wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; tygt0if) rsm;/ avmavmq,f&ifqikd af e&aom Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ use;f rma&;/ ynma&; tp&So d nfh udp&P yfrsm;udk udik w f , G af jz&Si;f &ef wdik ;f jynfEiS jhf ynfo@l tusK;d twGuf t"dym` ,fjynf0h aom awG@qakH qG;aEG; jcif;enf;vrf; wckwnf;om&S+d y;D tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sad =umif;ESihf awG@qakH qG;aEG;jcif;enf;jzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;+yD; wdik ;f jynfukd 'Dru kd a&pD

1990 ckEpS u f jrefrmEdik if w H iG u f si;f ycJw h hJ a&G;aumufy[ JG m u|erf wd@k Eikd if o H rdik ;f rSm b,fawmhrS rarhtyfwhJ Edik if aH &;rSww f idk w f wdik jf zpfygw,f? ESpf (30) eD;yg; wygwt D m%m&Sipf epfatmufwiG f cHpm;cJ&h wJ'h u k rQ sm;rS vGwyf gapcsiv f eG ;f wJjh ynfoal wGu 'Da&G;aumufyrJG mS ar#mv f ifch su}f uD;rm;pGmeJ@ 'Dru kd a&pD tkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf wcJeufraJ y;=uwmyg? jynfolrsm;&J toJESv;kH xJucHpm;r_tay: wnfaqmuf xm;wJh ar#mv f ifch suaf wGudk rw&m;ojzihf ròzzsuo f ifyh gb;l ? 1990 ckEpS f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd vpfvsL±_ wm[m jynfou l w kd efz;kd rxm;&m/ apmfum;&ma&mufw,fqw kd m txl;taxGajymaep&mrvdyk gb;l ? ,ckEpS f taxGaxGa&G;aumufyEJG pS yf wfvnftcsed rf mS u|erf txufjrefrmEdik if pH nf;±H;k a&;xGuf vsu&f adS eygw,f? c&D;wav#mufrmS awG@ñucH &hJ wJh wkid ;f jynfe@J jynfow l @kd tajctaeawG[m jrefrmEdik if rH mS 'Dru kd a&pDvt dk yfaew,fqw kd mudk uGuu f u G u f iG ;f uGi;f azmfjyvsu&f ydS gw,f? 'ga=umifh 1990 ckEpS /f a&G;aumufy&JG J ta&;ygru _ kd ydrk I kd em;vnfoabmaygu&f ygw,f? 'Dru dk a&pDvrf;qdw k m[m a&G;aumufyJG vrf;ygy?J 'Dru kd a&pDa&G;aumufyrJG sm;&J &v'fukd róuuf&ifróuufovkd z,f&mS ;wJv h yk &f yfrsK;d udk b,fvrdk S vufrcHEidk yf gb;l ? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftaeeJ@ 1990 ckEpS f taxGaxGa&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd av; pm;taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf qufvuf+yD;rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfomG ;&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'Dru dk a&pD& J t&omudrk cHpm;&ao;wJh u|erf wd@k vil ,frsm; 1990 ckEpS /f a&G;aumufyu JG kd rarhap &atmif/ 2003 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae@ukd 'Dru dk a&pDa&G;aumufyJG txdr;f trSwaf e@tjzpf jrifEikd af p& atmif vli,frsm;twGuf tpDtpOfuðkd yvky&f jcif;jzpfygw,f? 'DtpDtpOfa=umifh ,ae@vma&muf tm;ay;=uwJh u|erf wd@k tzJ@G 0ifawG@e@J rw d af qGawG 1990 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyaJG e@ukd jyefvnfowd&+yD; if;a&G;aumufyGJ&J &v'fudk taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf tm;rmefopfawGeJ@ jynfh0vmapcsif ygw,f?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

522

521

jynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmftjzpf wnfaqmufomG ;=u&ayrnf?

A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefòrd ?

2002 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf? 1364 ckESpf/ uqkefvjynfhausmf (1) &uf? ÙÙÙÙÙ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwkdifvrf; A[ef;+rdK e,f/ &efukefòr

(13) ESpfajrmuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJae@wGif ay;ydk onfh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;. o0%fv$mrdef cGef;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfoal wG& J 'kuaQ wG/ ar#mv f ifch suaf wG/ pd;k &dryf yl ifra_ wGe@J ae@pOfxad wG@ae&wma=umihf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfukd jynfoal wGtusK;d twGuf &mE_e;f jynfw h m0efauspmG eJ@ vkyaf qmifapcsiyf gw,f? 1990 jynfEh pS u f jynfoal wGu ,H=k unfpw d cf spmG eJ@ay;xm;wJw h m0efrsm;tm;vH;k jynfjh ynf0h 0 ausyeG f onftxd ud, k u f sK;d rzuf jynfo@l tusK;d twGuo f m v_y&f mS ;óu;yrf;aewJt h zJ@G jzpfygapa=umif; qENðy&yg w,f? 1990 ckESpf/ taxGaxGa&G;aumufyt JG crf;tem;odk@wufa&mufvm=uwJhtzG@J 0ifrsm;/ 'Drkd ua&pDvv kd m;olrsm;eJ@ {nfo h nfawmf}u;D rsm;tm;vH;k udk av;pm;pGm E_wcf eG ;f qufvu kd yf gw,f&iS hf æ? &efuek òf r 2003 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf? 1365 ckESpf/ uqkefvqkwf (12) &uf?

awmftm%mudkodrf;,lcJhaom EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. a=unmcsuftrSwf (1§88) tyd'k f (1)/ pwkwt csujf zpfonfh æ txufygvyk if ef;&yfrsm;jynfph +kH y;D v#if ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; [l onft h & usi;f ycJah oma&G;aumufyjJG zpfayonf? TygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l o k nf *k%o f u d mQ }uD;rm; aomZG/J owW/d oEMÏd mefw@kd jzifh tm%mydik w f @kd tm;&ifqikd v f #uf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (485) OD;udk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufc=hJ uayonf? tqdyk ga&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf wEdik if H vH;k wGif rJqENe,f (392) ae&mtEdik &f &Scd ahJ yonf? tzG@J csKyf. t"dur[mrdwyf gwrD sm;jzpf=uaom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygwrD S jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (3) OD;ESihf rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J rS jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (1) OD; a&G;cs,cf cH =hJ u&ojzifh tzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygi;f (396) OD;tEdik &f &Scd ahJ yonf? jynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH u TuJo h @kd wcJeufaxmufcrH a_ y;onfu/kd trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDz@JG csKyfu txl;tav;teufxm;a=umif;/ txl;*k%, f al =umif;/ rSww f rf;wiftyfa=umif; a=unmtyfayonf? a&G;aumufyYJG trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftEdik &f jcif;onf jynfov l x l u k tzG@J csKyf. ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pDa&G;aumufyaJG =unmpmwrf;yg rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;udt k aumiftxnfazmfaqmif&ef Oya' ESit hf nD vkyyf ikd cf iG ðhf ycJjh cif;jzpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k , kd pf m; Ekid if . H uH=urRmudk zefw;D Edik &f ef tzG@J csKyftm;wm0eftyfEiS f;vdu k jf cif; jzpfayonf? od@k jzpfygI tm%mydik rf sm;u a&G;aumufy&JG v'fEiS t fh nD jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&; wm0efudk qufvufaqmif&u G &f rnfjzpfayonf? rdrw d @dk xw k jf yefcahJ om jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' (Oya'trSwf 14§89) tcef; (2)/ yk'rf (3) wGif jyÏmef;xm;onfh v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajr mufvu kd af om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf [lonfEiS t hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnfjzpfayonf? aqmif&u G af y;&rnfw h m0efvnf; rvGrJ aoG&adS eayonf? v$waf wmfz@JG pnf;jcif; onfa&G;aumufyw JG m0ef,u l si;f yay;cJah om tm%mydik rf sm;tay: Oya't& wm0ef&adS yonf? Oya'jyÏmef;olonf Oya'ESit fh nD pDraH qmuf&u G &f rnf? Oya'ðyolonf Oya'csK;d azmufol rjzpfoihaf y? trSefpifppf jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;a&;[lonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu t}urd }f urd af wmif;qd&k rnfu h pd rP sK;d r[kwaf y? a&G;aumufyt JG m; OD;pD;OD;aqmifusi;f yay;cJah om tm%m ydik rf sm;onf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;+yD;aemuf wqufwnf;aqmif&u G &f rnfw h m0efom jzpfayonf? od@k aomf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J §Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpD onf v$waf wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;udk jiif;y,faeonf? TonfrmS Edik if aH wmfEiS Ehf ikd if o H m;rsm;ay: vlo&d iS f =um;ay;cJ+h y;D jzpfaom atmufyguwdopPmrsm;udk tm%mydik rf sm;u azmufzsujf cif;jzpfayonf?

ÙÙÙÙÙ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwkdifvrf; A[ef;òr e,f/ &efukefòr 2003 ckESpf/ arv (27) &ufae@wGifusa&mufaom (13) ESpfajrmuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ a=unmpmwrf;? a=unmcsuftrSwf - 5 (5§03) ,ae@onf ausmif;om;ausmif;ol/ &[ef;&Si/f vl/ jynfot l aygi;f wk@d . wcJeufqENjycJo h nfh 1988 ckEpS f 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_}u;D rSay:ayguv f m&aom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG (13) ESpjf ynfah jrmufaomae@jzpfayonf? jynfov l x l }k u;D . toufaoG;ac|;aygi;f rsm;pGmpGe@f vw $ &f if;ES;D cJrh a_ =umihf Edik if aH wmf. tm%m udk odr;f ,lxm;aom Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG kd 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG u f si;f yay;cJ&h onf? vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yI jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;aumufwif ajr mufEdkif&ef tm%mydkiftzGJ@u 1989 ckESpf/ arv (31) &ufae@pGJyg Oya'trSwf (14§89) jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' udk jyXmef;cJah yonf? 1990 jynfEh pS f arv (27) &ufae@wiG u f si;f ycJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG onf Edik if w H umrSmuJo h @kd 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &w&yfuusi;f yay;cJah om a&G;aumufyt JG rsK;d tpm;r[kwyf g? jrefrmEdik if H 1960 jynfEh pS /f wdik ;f jynfðyygwrD efa&G;aumufyu JG o hJ @kd aom a&G;aumufyv JG nf;r[kwyf g? Edik if H

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

523

27-3-89 ae@uusi;f ycJah om (44) ESpaf jrmuf awmfveS af &;ae@ (wyfrawmfae@) Y wyfrawmf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfu atmufygtwdik ;f ajym=um;cJah yonf? wdk@wyfrawmf&J 'kwd,ajrmufta&;}uD;wJhwm0efuawmh EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf

524

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

aqmufa&;ESihf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;wm0efjzpfw,f? æ a&G;aumufy+JG y;D &if vdt k yfwmawGaqmif&u G +f y;D wJah emuf jynfo@l qENe@J a&G;cs,v f u kd w f hJ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGu Oya'eJ@tnD a&G;cs,w f ifajr mufwt hJ pd;k &opf ay: ayguv f mrSmjzpfw,f tJ't D pd;k &opftaeeJ@ Edik if aH wmfuq kd ufvufO;D aqmifomG ;&mrSm jynfov l x l &k J tusK;d pD;yGm; twGuf tpGr;f aqmifEikd q f ;kH azmfaqmifomG ;vdrrhf ,fv@kd ar#mrf eS ;f xm;w,fæ? wk@d wyfrawmf om;awGtzd@k uawmh ppfwef;vsm;udjk yefomG ;+y;D wd@k & J rlvt"duwm0ef}u;D jzpfwJ t h ckajym =um;&mrSmyg0ifww hJ m0ef}u;D awGukd OD;vnfrokef qufvufóu;yrf; aqmif&u G o f mG ;&rSmyJjzpf w,f? 9-1-90 ae@wiG f Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUÏ/ wyfrawmfumuG,af &; OD;pD;csKyfu atmufygtwdik ;f ajym=um;cJah yonf? Ekid if aH wmftm%meJ@ywfoufv@kd vnf; wk@d t}urd }f urd af jym+y;D +yyD jJ zpfw,f? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D wme@J Oya'ESit fh nD tpk;d &zG@J =u/ ,l=uayg?h tJ't D pd;k &jzpfvmatmif a&G;aumufyu JG vkyaf y;& rSmyJ? 'guwd@k wm0efy?J a&G;aumufy+JG y;D &if w&m;Oya't& tpk;d &tzG@J wckjzpfvmzd@k uawmh wd@k wyfrawmfwm0efr[kwb f ;l ? 'g twdtvif; yGiyfh iG v fh if;vif; tckuwnf;uajymxm; wmyJjzpfw,f æ æ tckwrsK;d / tckwrsK;d qd&k if uwdrwnf/ uwdrwnfv@kd &&dS if oHo,pdwaf wGjzpfw,fqkd wmrsK;d awmh wyfrawmftaeeJ@rjzpfrcHEikd b f ;l ? wu,fawmh wyfrawmfqw kd m[m wdik ;f jynf tay: opPmcHwmyJ// tpd;k &qdw k muvnf; wdik ;f oljynfom;trsm;pk& J a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufv@kd jynfolawGudkudk,fpm;ðy+yD; jzpfay:vmwJhtzGJ@tpnf;/ wyfrawmf[m tpdk;&atmufrSm &S&d r,f æ wd@k wawG[m tm%mudak &&Sn, f x l m;r,fh tzG@J tpnf;rSr[kwb f J 27-3-90 ae@uusi;f yaom (45) ESpaf jrmufawmfveS af &;ae@ (wyfrawmfae@) Y umuG,af &; OD;pD;csKyfu atmufygtwdik ;f ajym=um;cJah yonf// wyfrawmftaeeJ@uawmh a&G;aumufyt JG wGuyf J uwday;xm;w,f// Edik if aH wmfrmS b,ftpd;k &yJwufwuf/ b,fygwyD t J m%m&&/ wd@k wyfrawmfuawmh wyfr awmfom;awGyyD D Edik if aH wmftusK;d pD;yGm;twGuf opPm&S&d /dS wm0efoo d d xrf;aqmifomG ;=u rSmyJ jzpfw,f? wd@k [m ae@pOfeeH ufw}urd /f naew}urd f pOfqufrjywf opPmt"dÏmef (4) csuu f &kd w G q f +kd y;D opPmudk OD;xdyyf efqifxm;=uolawGjzpfw,f? wd@k [m Aavmif;AvJrajymbl;? uvdru f uspv f nf; rvkyb f ;l ? jynfov l x l u k v kd nf;rvSnphf m;bl;? wd@k &ifxrJ mS &Sw d t hJ wdik ;f ¶d;k ¶d;k yJ zGi[ hf ajymwwfw,f// xd@k twl Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;rª; (1) uvnf; 11-9-90

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

525

&ufae@wiG u f si;f yaom (104) }udraf jrmufowif;pm&Si;f vif;yGYJ atmufygtwdik ;f &Si;f vif;ajym=um; cJhaonf// tckvkd vGwv f yf+yD;w&m;r#wr_&w dS hJ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;udk rlv owfrw S x f m;wJt h wdik ;f atmifatmifjrifjrifusi;f yay;cJw h m[m Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnf aqmufa&;tzGJ@taeeJ@ tm%mv$Jay;csifvdk@yJ vkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfygw,f// tm%mv$Jay;zdk@ qENr&Sb d ;l / &nf&, G cf surf &Sb d ;l qd&k if tJ'aD &G;aumufy[ JG m vkyaf y;p&mta=umif;r&Syd gb;l ? &Si;f aeygw,fæ Edik if aH wmftm%mudk v$aJ jymif;ay;tyfcsiw f q hJ ENr&Sb d ;l ? &moufyef tm%mudq k yk u f ikd f xm;vdw k ,fqw kd hJ pGypf cJG suaf wG[m tckxrd ukeaf o;ygb;l ? Edik if t hH m%mudk &moufyefqyk f udik x f m;vdw k ,fq&kd if jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufy}JG uD;udk ,ckvókd u;óu;pm;pm;vkyaf y; p&mta=umif;r&Syd gb;l / Edik if t hH m%mudk v$aJ jymif;ay;zd@k rlvuwnf;u qEN&v dS @kd om a&G; aumufy}JG u;D udk ðyvkyaf y;cJw h myJjzpfw,fqw kd m oabmayguo f ifyh gw,f// jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lrnfah e@EiS yhf wfoufIvnf; Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzG@J . (90) }urd af jrmufowif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw J iG f æ æ yxrt}udrf jynfo@l vw $ af wmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lrnf&h uf owfrw S x f m;r_r&Sjd cif; ESiyhf wfoufI ar;jref;csuu f akd jz=um;&mwGi/f a&G;aumufy+JG y;D v#if ta&G;cH&onfh v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; ndE id_ ;f aqmif&u G &f rnfjzpfa=umif; [lI twdtvif; w&m;0ifajym=um; cJhonf// jrefrmEdik if . H a&G;aumufy+JG yD;onfh (13) ESpw f mumvtawG@tñuHukd jyefvnfo;kH oyfv#if tm%mydik rf sm;onf ,if;wd@k xw k jf yefxm;aom Oya'rsm;/ trde@f / a=unmcsurf sm;/ uwdopPmpum; rsm;udk ,ae@txd av;pm;vdu k ef m taumiftxnfrazmfcyhJ g// jynfo@l qENukd csKd ;ESrd f v#pv f #L¶_onfh oabmoufa&mufaomvky&f yfrsm; atmufygtwdik ;f &Scd yhJ gonf// (1) 28-7-90 ae@u trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy. f *E<cD ef;ra=unmpmwrf;jzifh jynfo@l qENEiS hf tnD jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u wnDw!Gww f nf; vufrw S af &;xd;k awmif;qdck +hJ y;D aemuf tm%mydik rf sm; u jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f csK d udk ESp&f n S af xmif'%frsm;csrw S cf jhJ cif;/ ,if;axmif '%fa=umifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f csK d / axmifwiG ;f Yyif uG,v f eG cf &hJ jcif;// (2) jynfo l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk jyifqifonfOh ya' (Oya'trSw-f 10§91) xkwf jyefI tm%mydik rf sm;.trde@f trSwf (4§91) jzpfaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yg +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_qikd &f mjypfrE_ iS hf tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;r_EiS yhf wfoufaom jypfrr_ sm;udk owfrw S f onft h rde@f xkwjf yefcjhJ cif;/ ,if;trde@f tay:rlwnfI v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf &yfwnf ydik cf iG rhf &Sad =umif; jyXmef;cJo h nfomru wcsK d v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; (10) ESpt f wGi;f

526

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

usi;f yrnfh a&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0ifa&G;aumufciG rhf &S[ d k Oya'aemufa=umif;jyefIjyXmef;cJjh cif;? (3) ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd atmifjrifpmG usi;f ya&;vkyif ef;w&yftwGuf om a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif zG@J pnf;xm;cJah omfvnf; a&G;aumufy+JG y;D qH;k +y;D aemuf wGif oufqikd &f mrJqENe,fwiG , f OS òf ydio f nfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (od@k r[kw)f rJqEN &Siw f @kd . uef@uu G af v#mufxm;jcif;r&Sb d J v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f csK d . a&G;aumufyu JG ek u f s p&dww f ifoiG ;f onfu h pd &P yfrsm;udk Oya'jyXmef;csuEf iS q hf ef@usiI f aumfr&Siu f ta&;,laqmif &Gucf jhJ cif;? (4) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;xHo@kd jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf cGJ (8) ESit hf nD a&G;aumuf wifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfudk a=unmjcif; ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH jyefwrf;wGifvnf; a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS, f tjzpf xnfo h iG ;f a=unmcJ+h y;D jzpfaomfvnf; Tae@T&uftxd ,if;.t"duwm0efjzpf aom t+y;D owftpD&ifcpH m ay:xGuv f mjcif;r&Sad o;ay? od@k jzpf&m vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyJG atmifjrifpmG usi;f yEdik af &;twGuf zG@J pnf;cJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f *k%o f u d mQ xdcu kd v f mcJ&h jcif;? (5) xd@k xuf *k%o f u d mQ xdcu kd af omvky&f yfrmS ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG (6) ESpaf jrmuf ESpyf wfvnftcrf;tem;ESihf 27-9-96 ae@usi;f yrnfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy. f Edik if v H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHusi;f yjcif;tm; [ef@wm;onft h aejzifh tzG@J 0ifrsm;tygt0if tzG@J csKyf ud, k pf m;ðyjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; (238) OD;tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / wcsKd @aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; t=uyfuikd zf t d m;ay;+crd ;f ajcmufI Oya'ESiu hf u kd n f jD cif;r&Sb d J Ekwx f u G af pcJjh cif;? (6) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI (8) ESpt f xd tm%mykid rf sm;onf wm0efrhJ ysuu f u G rf a_ =umifh rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k qENEiS t hf nD trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;yg0ifaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yftm; ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef a=unmcsuf trSwf - 35 (8§98) tm; xkwjf yefonft h cg 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmvrSpI tzG@J csKyf tzG@J 0if (615) OD;ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (200) tm; ppfwyfpcef;rsm;wGif Oya'rJh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJjh cif;? (7) zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;pOf wcsK d aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; enf;trsK;d rsK;d jzifh zdtm;ay;t=uyfuikd I f Ekwx f u G af pjcif;/ wcsK d aomud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; jynfo@l qENtm; rsuu f , G ðf yI tzG@J csKyfuo kd pPmazmuf&ef rufv;kH ay;odr;f oGi;f cJjh cif;/ jynfov l x l . k ppfreS af omqENjzpfaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;a&;rluu kd ikd pf I JG &yfwnfcahJ om v$wf awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; ppfwyfpcef;rsm;Y (3) ESpcf ef@ rw&m;csKyfaESmifxm;cJjh cif;? (8) wcsed w f nf;wGit f m%mydik rf sm;onf if;wd@k .tpDtpOfjzifh twif;t=uyfwufa&muf apaom vlpkvla0;rsm;Y oufqdkif&mrJqENe,frsm;wGif w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaomjynfol@ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk t,Ht k =unfr&S d [k [pfatmfapjcif;/ a&G;aumufyJG Oya'yg

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

527

jyXmef;csurf sm;udk v#pv f #L&_I jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk raxmufcaH =umif;/ vlxu k kd tEdik u f siv hf n S phf m;+y;D twif;t"rRvufrw S af &;xd;k apjcif;? (9) ,ae@txd tusO;f axmifrsm;Y jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (17) OD;tm; tusO;f cs xm;jcif;? txufygenf;rsK;d pHjk zifh tm%mydik rf sm; óu;d yrf;cJ=h uaomfvnf;/ 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy&JG v'ftm;av;pm;a&;onf jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f omru Edik if w H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f wGif txufoefq;kH vdv k m;csu/f tjyif;jyqH;k qENjzpfvmayonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG axGa&G;aumufy&JG v'fonf 'Dru kd a&pDukd jynfov l x l u k vdv k m;a=umif; jyovdu k jf cif;jzpfonf[al om urBmhukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHtoD;oD;.qHk;jzwfcsufudk jrefrmEdkifiHtm%mydkifrsm;u av;pm; vdu k ef m&efwm0ef&adS yonf? ,ae@ Edik if w H umtajctaeudk avhvmqef;ppfjyefv#if Edik if w H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f . qENoabmxm;udyk pfy,fI tm%m&Sipf epfukd xm0pOfwnfwahH tmif pGr;f aqmifEikd rf nf [laomtcsuf xif&mS ;vmayonf// rdrEd ikd if o H nf urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J wiG f tzG@J 0ifEikd if jH zpfonft h m;avsmpf mG if;.qH;k jzwfcsuf rsm;udk av;pm;vdu k ef m+yD; tm%mydik rf sm;ud, k w f ikd f a&;qGjJ yXmef;aom a&G;aumufyOJG ya'jzifh }uD;rª; usi;f yay;cJah om 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy&JG v'fEiS t hf nD jynfo@l vw $ f awmfw&yf tjrefq;kH ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef vdt k yfayonf// jynfo l v$waf wmfz@JG pnf;r_rðyrcsi;f tm%mydik rf sm; ud, k w f ikd u f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'udk csK;d azmufaeojzifh w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; [laom tm%mydik rf sm;. aºu;G a=umfou H kd tm%m ydik rf sm;u ysu&f ,fðy&musayonf// usi0hf wfou d mQ t&vnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pHEe_ ;f t&vnf;aumif;/ rdrdjyXmef;xm;aomOya'rsm;udk oduQm&SdpGm¶dkaoav;pm;&ayrnf// ,ae@EdkifiHwumtajctaerSm tjynfjynfqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf;ygpHE_ef;rsm;tm; w&m;rJhðyusifhonfudkvufrcH=u awmhay// wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if Edik if o H El ikd if o H m;rsm;qENraJ y;cJ=h uaom 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G; aumufy&JG v'fukd vspv f #Lðyxm;jcif;onf jrefrmEkid if yH g0ifvufrw S af &;xd;k xm;aom tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf;yg atmufygtajccHrrl sm;udq k ef@usiI f csK;d azmufa=umif; jyo&ma&muf ayonf// tyd'k f (21) wGif æ (1) vlwikd ;f wGif rdrEd ikd if . H tkycf sKyfa&;Y ud, k w f ikd jf zpfap/ vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,v f u kd o f nfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSwqifjh zpfap yg0ifaqmif&u G Ef ikd cf iG &hf o dS nf [lI jyXmef;xm;ayonf// ,if;tyd'k f (21) yg tajccHrrl sm;udq k ef@usijf cif;onf vl@tcGit hf a&;csK;d azmuf r_. t¶kyq f ;kd tusn;f wefaom oufaoom"ujzpfayonf// od@k jzpfI urBmu h v k or*~taxGaxG nDvmcHuvnf;aumif;/ tjynfjynfqikd &f mvl@tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sit f pnf;ta0;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd jynfov l x l . k qENEiS t hf nD taumiftxnfazmfay;&ef t}urd }f urd f tcgcg wnDw!Gww f nf; qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;csrw S cf ahJ yonf//

528

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

a&G;aumufy&JG v'fqo kd nfrmS rdrw d @kd .qENtwdik ;f jzpfrvmv#if rvdk rvdo k vdk yHyk ef;zsuyf pfI &aomt&mr[kwaf y// wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if jynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH .qENrt J & tqH;k tjzwf ay;cJah om 1990 jynhEf pS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fut kd m%mydik rf sm;uav;pm;pGmrvGrJ aoG taumiftxnf azmf&ef t"duwm0ef&adS yonf// a&G;aumufy&JG v'fut kd odtrSwðf yjcif;onf jynfov l x l . k oabmqENukd Oya't&vnf; aumif;/ usi0hf wfou d mQ t&vnf;aumif; ¶dak oav;pm;jcif;jzpfayonf// jynfol@qENudkwefzdk;xm;av;pm;todtrSwfðyaom/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. a&G; aumufy&JG v'ftay:xm;&Sad om oabmxm;&yfwnfcsuo f nf &Si;f vif;jywfom;ayonf// trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu 28-5-98 ae@wiG f atmufygtwdik ;f rde@f ceG ;f ajym=um;cJah yonf//

jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya't& v$waf wmfqo kd nfrmS jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udq k o kd nf [k jyXmef;xm;ayonf// zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJ twnfðyydkifcGifh tm%mom&Sdaom wdik ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfr[kwaf y// jynfo@l vw $ af wmfqo kd nfrmS wdik ;f jynf. zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya' a&;qGt J wnfðyydik cf iG hf &So d nfomru Oya'ðya&;/ tkycf sKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mrsm;yg vkyyf ikd cf iG &hf dS ayonf? tb,fah =umifq h akd omf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfqo kd nfrmS Edik if o H m;rsm;ud, k pf m; Edik if aH wmf.tcsKyf tjcmtm%mudk cH,u l sio hf ;kH aom Edik if aH wmf. tjrifq h ;kH tm%mydik rf sm;tzG@J tpnf; jzpfayonf? wdkif;jynfudk 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftjzpf wnfaqmufrnfqdkv#if tcsKyftjcm

tm%monf jynfov l x l x k rH q S if;ouf&rnf/ tpd;k &onf jynfov l x l . k oabmqENtay: tajccH &rnf jzpfayonf? a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd av;pm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;[lonf jynfo@l qENukd ¶dak o av;pm;jcif;jzpfayonf? od@k ro S m Edik if t H usK;d ðyvkyif ef;rsm;Y jynfov l x l . k xufoefaomyl;aygi;f yg0ifr_ &&Srd nfjzpfayonf? ,ae@EdkifiHawmfwGif&ifqdkifae&aom EdkifiHa&;/pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ponfh taxGaxGt=uyf twnf;rsm;udk jynfov l x l . k wcJeufaomtiftm;rsm; &,lIajz&Si;f Edik &f ef taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rSm jynfov l x l u k a&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;aom v$waf wmfrw S qifh aqmif&u G jf cif;yifjzpfayonf? Tod@k aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f eftwGuf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u if;wd@k .wm0efrsm;udk xrf; aqmifciG hf &&S&d rnfjzpfayonf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya't& v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS, f qdo k nfrmS v$waf wmfo@kd a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&oluq kd o kd nf [kjyXmef;xm;ayonf? od@k aomf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u ,ae@txd yxrt}urd jf ynfo@l vw $ af wmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f y Edik jf cif;r&Sad o;onfrmS tm%mydik rf sm;. wm0efysuu f u G af er_a=umifh jzpfayonf? od@k twGuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyEf iS hf r[mrdww f ikd ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (251) OD;wd@k u aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf iG ahf y;xm;ojzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; w&m;0ifq;kH jzwfvyk Ef ikd cf iG hf &Sad om 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy JG rS wifajrm ufvu kd af om jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd ud, k pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD (jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD) udk zG@J pnf;xm;+y;D jzpfayonf? Edik if t H wGut f a&;w}u;D vdt k yfaeaom zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'a&;qGaJ &;tygt0if Edik if H tusKd;ðyvkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef tm%mydkifrsm;taejzifh Oya't& jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;ESihf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; wm0efxrf;aqmifEikd cf iG w hf @kd tm; jiif;y,faejcif;rSm vH;k 0rjzpfoifh rjzpfxu kd af y? Tod@k ðyvkyaf eor#umvywfv;kH tm%mydik rf sm;onf jrefrmEdik if YH ordik ;f pmrsuEf mS opf zGiv hf pS Ef ikd rf nfr[kwaf y? ordik ;f pmrsuEf mS aemufzufveS +f y;D rdrjd yXmef; cJah om Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsuEf iS hf rdrad y;xm;cJah omuwdu0wfrsm;udk csK;d azmufot l jzpf jrefrmEdik if H ordik ;f Y raumif;aomxH;k om"u use&f pfrnfomjzpfayrnf? ordik ;f YtrJuu G }f u;D useaf ernfjzpfonf? xdk@tjyif tjynfjynfqdkif&mpHE_ef;t&vnf; jynfoljynfom;wdk@.qENonf tkyfcsKyfr_tm%m. tajccHjzpf&rnf [laom vl@tcGit hf a&;/rlrsm;udk qef@usicf sK;d azmufot l jzpf urBmrh w S w f rf;wGif use&f pf rnfomjzpfayonf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfz@JG pnf;a&;[lonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tay: Yvnf; wm0ef &Sad yonf? txl;ojzifh tzG@J csKyfrjS ynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf rdrt d m;qENraJ y;vdu k o f nfh rJqEN&iS rf sm;tay:wGif txl;wm0ef&adS yonf? rJqEN&iS rf sm;tm; av;pm;=u&rnf? ypfy,fIrxm;&? tzG@J csKyfu xkwjf yefxm;aom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG a=unmpmwrf; yg tcsurf sm; udk arhaysmufypfIr&? xdt k csurf sm;onf rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l t k ay: 0efcu H wday;xm;onfrsm; jzpfay onf? wcsed w f nf;wGif rdrt d m;ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf a&G;cs,w f m0efay;vdu k af om tzG@J csKyftay: wGif opPm&S&d rnf? tzG@J csKyfu owfrw S x f m;onfh pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdu k ef m=u&rnfjzpfayonf? awG@qakH qG;aEG;r_rw S qifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;+y;D / 'Dru kd a&pDjynfaxmifpEk ikd if H jzpfay:

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

530

usrwdk@EdkifiH&JhtawG@tñuHt& jznfhpGufajymqdkvdkwmuawmh a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;&if a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnfazmfay;zd@k vnf; vdak o;w,fqw kd hJ tcsuyf gy/J / a&G; aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnfrazmfwm[m xrif;pm;zdw/f xrif;yGjJ yif/ pm;yGrJ mS xdik f cdik ;f +y;D rS rpm;&bl;qdjk y;D xrif;[if;awG jyef+y;D odr;f oGm;ovdyk gy?J {nfo h nfawGukd apmfum;wJh vky&f yfyg// 1990 ckEpS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnfrazmfay;wm[m jynfow l &yf vH;k udk vdrv f nfvn S jhf zm; apmfum;&ma&mufw,f// tm%mydik af wG[m rdrw d @kd oabmruswhJ a&G;aumufy&JG v'fq&kd if vspv f #L&SKvdu k /f vdck sif wJ&h v'fjzpfvmEd;k Ed;k a&G;aumufyt JG opfawG usi;f yvdu k ef @J vkyaf er,fq&kd ifawmh wdik ;f jynf& J tem*wfe@J upm;&ma&mufygvrd rhf ,f/ wdik ;f jynf& J tem*wfqw kd m[m upm;&r,ft h &m r[kwyf gb;l ? wav;wpm;eJ@ apmifah &SmufomG ;&r,fh t&momjzpfygw,f/ 'ga=umihf 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnfrazmfbJ aemufa&G;aumufyt JG opf usi;f ya&; udk trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyu f vH;k 0vufcrH mS r[kwb f ;l vd@k qH;k jzwfxm;wmjzpfygw,f 1990 jynfEpS af &G;aumufy&JG v'fukd tjrefq;kH taumiftxnfazmfay;zd@k vykd gw,f// yxr ajcvSr;f taeeJ@ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:ay;&ygvrd rhf ,f//

529

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

vma&;twGuf a&G;aumufyo JG ufwrf; (13) ESpw f if;wif;jynfch ahJ om Tae@ T&uftxd rdrw d @kd . touf/ ud, k yf ikd v f w G v f yfciG /hf pD;yGm;a&;/ rdom;pk&yfwnfa&;wd@k upkd eG @f vw $ t f epfemcHum óud;yrf;cJ=h u aom/ óu;d yrf;aeqJjzpfaom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tygt0if 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;tm; *k%ðf yrSww f rf;wiftyfayonf? Edik if w H umtv,fwiG f qif;&JaomEdik if t H jzpfrS wd;k wufaomEdik if jH zpfvma&;twGuf tajymif; tvJvt kd yfcsurf sm;udk jznfph rG ;f Edik &f ef trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;/ aqG;aEG;yGjJ zpfay:vma&;wd@k ukd tpOfwpdu k óf u;d yrf;cJah yonf? ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufjcif;tqifrh S Edik if aH &; t"dym` ,fjynf0h aom awG@qakH qG;aEG;r_ukd tjrefq;Hk pwif&ef trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyb f ufu t+rw J rf; toif&h adS eayonf? wcsed w f nf;wGif rnfo@dk yiftcuftcJtwm;tqD; c&D;=urf;rsm;ñuaH wG@aeapumrl trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyrJG w S qifh jynfov l x l u k rdrw d @dk . 'Drkd ua&pDtcGit hf a&;t& rdrw d @kd óuduEf pS o f uf&mtpd;k &udk zG@J pnf;Edik &f ef a&G;aumufwifajr mufc+hJ yD;jzpfI cdik rf maom ZG/J owW/d vH@k v/ 0D&, d wd@k uq kd yk u f ikd v f #uf jynfov l x l Ek iS t hf wl tajctaetcsed t f cgrsm;ESihf qDav#mrf nfh Edik if aH &;vkyif ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnfjzpfayonf? A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefòrd 1365 ckESpf/ uqkefvjynfhausmf (12)&uf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf?

jyXmef;xm;onf? if;wd@k rmS æ v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af om v$wf awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf [k jzpfonf? t"dyg` ,rf mS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd ac:ay;&rnf jzpfonf? (3) xdo k @kd wu d spmG jyXmef;xm;ygv#uEf iS hf ,if;Oya'udrk vdu k ef mbJ tm%mykid rf sm;u jynfo@l v$waf wmfukd ac:,lay;cJjh cif;r&Sb d J vH;k 0ysuu f u G cf ahJ yonf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:ay;&ef if;wd@k wiG f wm0eftjynft h 0&So d nf? 3? a&G;aumufyEJG iS hf ywfoufI/ tm%mydik t f oD;oD;wd@k . ajym=um;csurf sm;udk xkwaf zmf&rnf jzpfay onf?

ÙÙÙÙÙ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf; A[ef;òr e,f/ &efukefòr a=unmcsuf 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESit hf nD tm%mydik rf sm;uusi;f yay;cJo h nf? tqdyk gOya'tm; 1988 ckEpS rf pS I Edik if aH wmftm%mudo k rd ;f ,lcahJ om tm%mydik rf sm;u xkwjf yeftwnfðycJjh cif;jzpfonf? tqdyk ga&G; aumufyo JG nf vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf[k if;wd@k uyif0efccH o hJ nf? 2?

(1) od@k aomf tm%mydik rf sm;onf a&G;aumufy+JG yD;onft h cg/ vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufy[ JG q k ykd gv#uf a&G;aumufyOJG ya't& a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnfazmfay;& rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ,ae@ (14) ESpw f ikd w f ikd t f xd vspv f #L¶_xm;+y;D / jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd ac:,lray;cJah y? (2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (3) u Tod@k twdtvif; &Si;f vif;jywfom;pGm

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

531

(1) ,cifwyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfu 23-9-88 &ufae@wiG f æ æ u|eaf wmfw@kd wawG[m wyfrawmfom;awGjzpf=uygw,f? wyfrawmfom;rsm;eJ@ zG@J pnf; xm;wJh u|eaf wmfw@kd tzG@J tpnf;taeeJ@vnf; Edik if ahH us;Zl;opPmudck , H x l m;wJh tzG@J tpnf; jzpfvdk@ EdkifiHawmfESifhEdkifiHom;rsm;tay: 0efcHxm;&Sd+yD;jzpfwJh uwdopPmudk rnfodk@aom ta=umif;a=umifrh # y,fzsu/f azmufzsurf mS r[kwaf =umif; ,H=k unfxm;&S=d uapvdyk gw,f [kvnf;aumif;/ (2) 27-3-89 &uf awmfveS af &;ae@wiG f æ æwd@k wyfrawmfom;awGtzd@k uawmh ppfwef;vsm;udjk yefomG ;+y;D wd@k & J rlvt"duwm0ef}u;D jzpfwhJ tckajym&rSmyg0ifww hJ m0ef}uD;awGukd OD;vnfrokef qufvufóud;yrf;aqmif&u G f oGm;&rSmyJjzpfw,f æ [kvnf;aumif;/ (3) wzef 3-7-90 &ufae@wiG f æ æ ygwpD akH &G;aumufy+JG y;D &if bmvky=f urvJ/ zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;zd@k yjJ zpfw,f? e0w u ra&;bl;qdw k m ajym+y;D +yyD ?J w&m;cHvnf; tjzpfrcHEikd b f ;l æ æ tajccHOya'udk ta&G;cH&wJyh gwt D zG@J tpnf;awGu v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wG ndE i_d ;f +y;D vky=f u&r,fu h pd P æ [kvnf;aumif; wdik ;f jynfo@kd twdtvif;ajym=um;cJo h nf? (4) ,cif Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;rª; (1) (,ck Edik if aH wmf0ef}uD;csKyf Adv k cf sKyf}u;D cif!eG @f ) u 13-7-90 &ufae@wiG u f si;f yaom t}udrf (100) ajrmuf owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGYJ æ æ tJ'v D kd cdik rf mwJt h ajccHOya'ay:xGe;f a&;[m/ a&G;aumufyrJG mS tEdik &f wJh Edik if aH &;ygwD rsm;u Edik if aH wmfe@J jynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH &J @a&&Snt f usK;d pD;yGm;udk ar#maf wG;+y;D awmh aqmif &Guo f mG ;=u&rSmjzpfygw,f? zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;qGaJ &;wm0ef[m Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;&J wm0efomjzpfygw,f æ [kvnf;aumif;/ (5) 11-9-91 &ufae@wiG f usi;f yaom (104) }urd af jrmufowif;pm&Si;f vif;yGYJ vnf; æ æ e0wtaeeJ@ Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udrk a&;bl;? jynfo@l u, kd pf m;vS,af wGu a&;zd@k jzpfw,f? tJ'v D w kd w d v d if;vif;ajymcJw h t hJ wdik ;f ,cka&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;cH&wJh

532

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

Edik if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;u jynfo@l u, kd pf m;vS,af wGe@J wuG t"duEdik if aH &;ygwu D 'Dupd u P kd OD;pD;OD;aqmifðy&rSmyJjzpfygw,f æ [kvnf;aumif; ajym=um;cJah yonf? (6) 27-7-90 &ufpyJG g Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . a=unmcsut f rSwf (1§90) tyd'k f (12) wGiv f nf; ² ² ² (u) æ v$waf wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzG@J u aqmif&u G af y;rnf æ [k vnf;aumif;/ if;jyif ,if;a=unmcsuf tyd'k f (20) Yvnf; æ (c) ²²²,ae@tajctaewGif jynforl sm;ua&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af om ud, k f pm;vS,rf sm;onf tem*wf'rD u kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udak &;qG=J u&ef wm0ef&dS onfyh *k Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfonf ²²² [k vnf;aumif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJah yonf? (7) ,cif Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J twGi;f a&;rª; (1) (,ck Edik if aH wmf0ef}uD;csKyf Adv k cf sKyf}u;D cif!eG @f ) u 11-9-90 &ufae@wiG f æ (u) ²²²tckvkd vGwv f yf+yD;w&m;r#wwJh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf yGJ}uD;udk rlvowfrSwfxm;wJhtwdkif; atmifatmifjrifjrif usif;yay;cJhwm[m e-0-w tzG@J taeeJ@ tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;csiv f @kd yv J yk af y;cJjh cif; jzpfygw,f? t%mv$aJ y;zd@k qENr&Sb d ;l / &nf&, G cf surf &Sb d ;l qd&k if tJ'aD &G;aumufyJG vkyaf y;p&mta=umif;r&Sb d ;l ? &Si;f aeygw,f ²²² (c) ²²²Edik if aH wmftm%mudk v$aJ jymif;ay;tyfcsiw f q hJ ENr&Sb d ;l ? &moufyeftm%m udq k yk u f ikd x f m;vdw k ,fqw kd hJ pGypf cJG suaf wG[m tckxrd ukeaf o;ygb;l ? Edik if aH wmftm%mudk &moufyef qkyu f ikd x f m;vdw k ,fq&kd if jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufy}JG u;D udk tckvkd óu;d óu;d pm;pm;vkyaf y;p&mta=umif;r&Syd gb;l ? Edik if aH wmftm%mudv k aJ$ jymif;ay;zd@k rlvuwnf;u qEN&v dS @kd om a&G;aumufy}JG u;D udk ðyvkyaf y;cJw h myJjzpfw,fqw dk m oabmayguo f ifyh gw,f æ [lIvnf; ajym=um;cJah yonf? (*) ,cifEikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D OD;tke;f a*smu f vnf; (45) }urd af jrmuf ukvo r*~taxGaxGnv D mcHY 9-10-90 &ufae@wiG f æ æ us,jf yef@wt hJ rsK;d om;nDvmcHw&yfukd vnf; ac:,lusi;f yay;rSm jzpfygw,f? zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'opfa&;qGzJ @kd uawmh ta&G;cH&wJh ud, k pf m;vS,af wG& J wm0efyjJ zpfygw,f æ [k urBmEh ikd if t H oD;oD;. ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; ajym=um;cJo h nf? 4? 2003§04 ckEpS f (58) }urd af jrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxGnv D mcH wwd,aumfrwDu æ æ 'Dru kd a&pDujkd yefvnfwnfaqmuf&efEiS hf 1990 ckEpS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'ftm;av;pm; &ef/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf.tjcm;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pD ul;ajymif;a&;ESihf trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;wd@k ukd wdu k ¶f u kd Of ;D wnf+yD; wnfwchH ikd +f rJI aphpyfaocsmpGmzG@J pnf;xm;aom awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;udck sucf si;f pwif&ef/ TaqG;aEG;jcif;wGif apmapmtqifYh wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J rsm;.ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tygt0if Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm; yg0if&ef æ ponfw@kd ukd wnDw!Gww f nf;/ rJcjJG cif;rðybJ qH;k jzwfco hJ nf? 5? ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyfonf jrefrmEdik if t H oGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI atmufyg

twdik ;f ajym=um;cJo h nf æ æ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if v H x l u k ajymif;vJrE_ iS hf xdak jymif;vJrr_ &S &Sad om tusK;d aus;Zl;rsm; twGu/f umv&Sn=f umpGmapmifq h ikd ;f cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? olw@kd vnf; ajymif;vJrt _ wGuf 1990 ckEpS w f iG f qENraJ y;cJo h nf? olw@kd onf tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;&Sd olw@kd . rJqEN&iS rf sm;uJo h @kd pD;yGm;a&;/ trsm;jynfoEl iS q hf ikd af omudp&P yfrsm;/ vlra_ &;ESiEhf ikd if aH &;wd;k wufrr_ sm;. wlnaD omtusK;d aus;Zl;rsm;udk awG@ñucH pH m;&ef &oif&h xdu k yf gonf æ 6? jrefrmEdik if o H nf ukvor*~tzG@J 0if wEdik if jH zpfaevifu h pm;/ ukvor*~taxGaxGnv D mcH toD;oD;. qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk tav;rxm;/ vspv f #L¶_aeonf? 7? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[k t}udr}f udraf jym=um;I aºuG;a=umfaeaomtm%mydik rf sm;onf/ jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (3) t&vnf;aumif;/ ausnmcsut f rSwf (1§90)/ tyd'k f (12) t& vnf;aumif;/ wdik ;f jynfo@kd uwdu0wfðyxm;onfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k wcJeufaxmufcHr_t&vnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk ac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;&ayrnf? v$wfawmf ac:,lray;jcif;onf w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&; [lonfESifh qef@usifaeonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk ac:,lz@JG pnf;ray;rcsi;f rnfo@kd aomta=umif;jycsujf zifh rnfonfeh nf;vrf;udk usio hf ;kH onfjzpfap/ rnfo@kd aomtajctaeESihf rnfonft h csed w f iG rf qd/k ,if;a&G;aumufy&JG v'fEiS hf ywfoufI ysujf y,f rnfr[kwaf y? TuJo h @kd ðyvkyo f rl sm;onf jynfo@l qENtppftrSeu f kd rsuu f , G ðf y=uolrsm;jzpfojzifh om;pOfajr;quf emrnfaooGm;+y;D ordik ;f w&m;cHrsm;jzpfomG ;ayvdrrhf nf? 8? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+y;D aemuf (14) ESp=f umonfw h idk af tmif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lray;jcif;onf/ rnfo@kd aomta=umif;jycsujf zifjh zpfap jzpfoifjh zpfxu kd o f nfr[kwaf y? a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd jiif;y,f olrsm;onf ðyjyifajymif;vJa&;udv k v kd m;=uolrsm;r[kwaf y? urBmwGif rnfonfEh ikd if w H iG rf # TuJo h @kd ðyrlusi=hf uHjcif;r&Sad cs? urBmt h v,fwiG f t&Su&f odumQ usap+yD;/ jrefrmhordik ;f wGif azsmufzsuI f r&aomtrnf;puf}uD;jzpfaernf? 9? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD;/ a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnfrazmfay;jcif;onf/ tvGe@f tvGef tusn;f weft¶kyq f ;kd onf? if;jyif wdik ;f jynfukd 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if x H al xmifay;rnf[k t}urd }f urd af jym aeaomfvnf;/ a&G;aumufy&JG v'fut kd aumiftxnfrazmfay;jcif;onf ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDukd a&S;¶_onfr[kwaf =umif; xif&mS ;onfomru/ tvGeq f ;kd &Gm;onfh tpOftvmjzpfaoma=umifh wdik ;f jynfEiS jhf ynfov l x l t k usK;d twGuf vH;k 0vufrcHEikd af y? ,ckuwnf;u jynfo@l qENukd av;pm; vdu k ef mjcif;r&Sv d #i/f aemifa&G;aumufyrJG sm;.&v'frsm;udv k nf; tm%mydik rf sm;u av;pm;vdu k f emrnf[k jynfov l x l u k ,H=k unf&efcufcaJ yvdrrhf nf? 10? if;jyif 1990 ckEpS w f iG f rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k if;wk@d .ud, k pf m; wdik ;f jynfta&;udprP sm;udak qmif &Gu&f ef qENraJ y;jcif;jzifh vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;tyfEiS ;f xm;+y;D jzpfonf? a&G;aumufy&JG v'ftm; todtrSwf ðyjcif;onf rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k qENukd av;pm;jcif;rnfayonf? rnfonft h m%mydik rf qdk jynfol vlx. k qENukd av;pm;=u&p+rjJ zpfonf? jynfov l x l u k vnf; a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnf azmfay;&ef jyif;jyaomqENrsm;&Sad eqJjzpfonf? 11? rsuaf rSmufacwf Edik if w H umtajctaersm;udak vhvm=unfv h #i/f ðyjyifajymif;vJru _ kd trSew f u,f

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

534

533

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

vdv k m;aom ppftm%m&Sirf sm;yif jynfo@l qENuakd v;pm;I wdik ;f jynfuckd spjf rwfE;kd aompdwjf zifh rdru d }uD;rª;usi;f yay;cJah om a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd todtrSwðf yonfh oufaoom"ursm;&Sad yonf? a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd todtrSwðf yjcif;onf jynfo@l qENoabmxm;udk Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ usi0hf wfou d mQ t&vnf;aumif; ¶dak oav;pm;jcif;rnfayonf? a&G;aumufy&JG v'fqo kd nfrmS rdrw d @kd .qENtwkid ;f jzpfrvmv#i/f rvdv k #irf vko d vdk yHyk ef;zsuyf pfI&aom t&mr[kwaf y? 12? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unfu 28-5-98 ae@wiG f æ tm%mydik af wG[m rdrw d @kd oabmruswahJ &G;aumufy&JG v'fq&kd if vspv f #K¶_vu kd /f vdck siw f hJ &v'fjzpfvmEd;k Ed;k a&G;aumufyt JG opfawGusi;f yvdu k ef @J vyk af er,fq&kd ifawmh wdik ;f jynf& J tem*wfe@J upm;&ma&mufygvrd rhf ,f? wdik ;f jynf&t J em*wfqw kd m[m upm;&r,ft h &m r[kwyf gb;l ? wav;wpm;eJ@apmifah &SmufomG ;&r,ft h &mom jzpfygw,f?

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr mufvdkufaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD (jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD). (6) ESpfajrmufae@wGif xkwfjyefaoma=unmcsuf ( 16-9-03 ) &ufae@rS ( 16-9-04 ) &ufae@txd

13? tcsed rf nfr#=um=um trSew f &m;qdo k nfrmS ordik ;f wGiaf jymif;vJomG ;jcif;r&So d vd/k aysmufu, G o f mG ; rnfvnf;r[kwfay? trSefw&m;udkacszsufI&rnfvnf;r[kwfyg? Ta=unmpmyg tcsufrsm; rSerf rSeq f o kd nfukd tem*wfu oufaojyvdrrhf nf? 14? 1990 ckEpS af &G;aumufyw JG iG t f Edik &f &Scd ahJ om trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. a&G;aumufyaJG =unm pmwrf;ygtcsurf sm;onf wdik ;f jynfEiS jhf ynfov l x l t k wGuf a&wdak &&Snf tusK;d pD;yGm;rsm;udk xif[yf azmfjyaeonfomru/ wdik ;f jynf.,ae@tajctaeESiv hf nf; vH;k 0udu k n f aD eayonf? ,if;tcsurf sm; udk avhvmjcif;r&S/d acwftjrifacwftawG;vnf;r&Sad om tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vfrsm;uom a&G; aumufyu JG si;f y+y;D (14) ESp=f umoGm;+yjD zpfI ,ae@tajcaeESirhf udu k n f [ D k odrzf si;f pGmpGypf aJG jym=um; aejcif;jzpfayonf? 15? ,if;a&G;aumufyw JG iG f wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k wdik ;f jynfukd ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfwnfaqmufa&;[laom qENtppftrSeu f kd tm%mydik rf sm;u rjzpfraetaumif txnfazmfay;vmap&ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l w k iG f }u;D av; aomwm0efrsm;&Sad =umif;/ wdik ;f jynf. ,ae@jzpfay:aeaom Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;ponfh t=uyf twnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edik &f ef jynfov l x l u k vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%mtyfEiS ;f xm;aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrw S yg; tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sad =umif; trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu av;eufpmG a=unmvdu k o f nf? A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefòrd 1366 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; (9) &uf? 2004 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf?

1990 jynfEh pS w f iG f usi;f y+y;D pD;cJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyo JG nf Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpD tm%mydik rf sm;u usi;f yðyvkyaf y;onfah &G;aumufyjJG zpf+y;D / vGwf vyfI w&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyv JG nf;jzpfayonf? od@k &mwGif a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+y;D pD;cJo h nfrmS (14) ESpf ausmv f eG cf +hJ yjD zpfaomfvnf;/ tm%mydik rf sm;onf tqdyk ga&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd taumiftxnf azmfay;jcif; (jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lusi;f yay;jcif;) tvsi;f r&So d nft h jyif/ a&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd ysujf y,fomG ;aprnfh vky&f yfrsm;udo k m pOfqufrjywfvyk af qmifvmcJah yonf// wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &; ygwrD sm;tygt0if/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lEikd af &;twGuf óu;d yrf;tm; xkwrf r_ sm;udv k nf; zrf;qD;/ axmifcsrr_ sm;jzifh [ef@wm;aESmif, h u S cf ahJ yonf// xd@k twl jynfo@l vw $ af wmfay:ayguaf &;udk taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G &f ef/ jynfo@l vw $ f awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuzkd @JG pnf;cJo h nfrmS vnf; ,ae@qv kd #if (6) ESpw f if;wif; jynfah jrmufcahJ y+yD// jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf rdrw d @kd .&nfreS ;f csuu f kd taumiftxnfazmf&ef tm;oGecf eG f pdu k f óu;d yrf;vkyaf qmifcahJ omfvnf; tm%mydik rf sm;. jyif;xefaom[ef@wm;/ aESmif, h u S rf r_ sm;a=umif/h jynfo@l vw $ af wmfum; ray:ayguaf o;ojzif/h jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,la&;twGuf qufvufóud;yrf; &ayrnf// jrefrmEdik if u H kd 'Dru d a&pDEikd if t H jzpf jyefvnfwnfaqmufrnfqykd gu/ 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;/ 'Dru kd a&pDvyk ef nf;vky[ f efusiphf Ofrsm;ud/k av;pm;vdu k ef m/ usio hf ;kH jcif;jzifh pwif=u&ayrnf// jynfo@l qENu&kd ,ljcif;/ jynfow l @kd .qENuakd v;pm;vdu k ef mjcif;wd@k onf/ 'Dru kd a&pDusiphf Of. t"duusaom tajccHrrl sm;vnf; jzpfayonf// jynfo@l qENukd av;pm;vdu k ef monft h aejzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yI/ jynfow l @kd .vGwv f yfonfq h ENEiS t hf nD/ jynfo@l u, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udak &G;cs,=f u& rnf// jynfo@l ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzif/h jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd ac:,lusi;f yay;&rnf// a&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd todtrSwrf ðy jcif;/ ysujf y,fatmifvyk jf cif;wd@k onf 'Dru kd a&pDtajccHrrl sm;udyk pfy,fonft h jyif/ jynfol wd@k .qENukd rsuu f , G ðf y&mvnf;a&mufayonf// xd@k jyif a&G;aumufy&JG v'fonf rdrad r#mv f ifx h m;onfh twdik ;f jzpfrvmygu/ a&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd jiif;y,fI/ aemufw}urd af &G;aumufyu JG si;f y&ef ðyvkyrf nf qdyk gu/ vl@usi0hf wfou d mQ t&yifv#if rav#mu f ef roifjh rwfaomvky&f yfom jzpfayonf// 1990 jynfEh pS w f iG f usi;f yðyvkycf ahJ om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyo JG nf vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wonfah &G;aumufyjJG zpf+y;D / jynfow l @kd .qENtppftrSev f nf; jzpfayonf// tqdyk g a&G;aumufyJG &v'fukd todtrSwðf y/ taumiftxnfazmfjcif;onf/ jynfow l @kd .qENut kd av;xm;jcif;/ 'Dru kd a&pD usifhpOfudk av;pm;vdkufemjcif;rnfayonf// xdk@a=umifh jzpfEdkifor#enf;vrf;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fv#uf rnfo@kd aomtcuftcJrsm;udk &ifqikd &f onfjzpfap/ cdik rf monfph w d "f mwf/ 0D&, d wd@k jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ay:ayguaf &;ud/k qufvufIóu;d yrf; aqmif&u G =f u&rnfjzpfayonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

536

1990 jynfhESpfa&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfay;zdk@vdkygw,f? yxrajcvSr;f taeeJ@ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:ay;&ygvrd rhf ,f [k ajym=um;cJo h nf?

535

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lusi;f ya&;tygt0if/ jrefrmEdik if &H ifqikd ñf uHawG@ae&aom taxGaxG t=uyftwnf;rsm;udak jz&Si;f a&;onf wrsK;d om;vH;k .wm0efjzpfouJo h @kd trsK;d om;tiftm;pktm;vH;k aygif;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;udk aqmif&Gufae=u&rnfhwm0efonfvnf; trsKd;om;a&;wm0efjzpfayonf// trsK;d om;aygi;f pnf;nD!w G af &;twGu/f wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSmvnf; awG@qakH qG;aEG;ndE id_ ;f tajz&Sm a&;yifjzpfonf// wdik ;f jynfEiS v hf rl sK;d twGuf taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;jzpfayonf// trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;udk tpOf wpdu k f wdu k w f eG ;f awmif;qdck ahJ yonf// Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifpu D rl/ zrf;qD;/ axmifcs/ [ef@wm;/ aESmif, h u S o f nfv h yk &f yfrsm;udk enf;rsK;d pHo k ;kH I/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk òyu d JG csed @J omG ;ap&ef wpdu k rf wfrwfvyk af qmifcahJ yonf// Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifpo D nf vkyo f ifh vkyfxdkufonfudk yDyDjyifjyifvkyfaqmifay;jcif;jzifh trsKd;om;tiftm;pkrsm;tcsif;csif; ,Hk=unfr_wdk@ wnfaqmuf&rnft h pm; ,H=k unfru _ if;rJ+h y;D / nD!w G af &;udk ysujf ym;aprnfv h yk &f yfrsm;udo k m tpOfwpdu k f vkyaf qmifcahJ yonf// Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpo D nf/ 1990 jynfEh pS w f iG /f rdru d , kd w f ikd u f si;f y ay;cJo h nf/h vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd todtrSwðf y taumiftxnfazmf&ef ysuf uGucf ahJ yonf// v$waf wmfac:&rnft h pm;/ 1§90 a=unmcsuu f kd xkwjf yefco hJ nf// rdru d , kd w f ikd f xkwjf yef xm;aom xdak =unmcsuyf g a&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk aqmif&u G +f yD;onft h cg jynfo@l v$wfawmfudk ac:,lusif;yay;rnf / jynfol@v$wfawmfudk a&G;cs,fcH&onfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;rnf / jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk a&;qGJ&ef wm0ef&o dS nf ponft h csurf sm;udk vspv f #L¶_onft h jyif/ tpOfwpdu k af y;cJo h nfh uwdu0wfrsm;udv k nf; azmufzsucf o hJ nf// vlxq k ENukd wcJeuf&&Sx d m;aom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. awG@qakH qG;aEG;&ef awmif;qdck suu f v kd nf; tav;rrl/ *¶krpdu k b f J v#pv f #L¶_co hJ nf// 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfukd wnfaqmuf rnf[k aºu;G a=umfaeaomfvnf;/ a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd jiif;y,fjcif;tm;jzifh 'Dru kd a&pD. tajccHjzpfaom jynfo@l qENukd av;pm;vdu k ef m&ef ysuu f u G cf o hJ nf// tqdyk ga&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd ausmv f m$ ;ysujf y,f aprnft h pDtrHrsm;udv k nf;/ tuGucf sI pDrcH sujf zifh vkyaf qmifvmcJo h nf// od@k &mwGif Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSw-f 1§88 jzif/h atmufygvyk if ef;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&ef/ Edik if aH wmf tm%mt&yf&yfukd vH;k 0wm0ef,v l u kd o f nf[k wdik ;f jynfo@kd twdtvif;a=unmcJyh gonf? (u) » » » » ( c) » » » » ( *) » » » » (C) txufygvyk if ef;&yfrsm;jynfph +kH y;D v#if ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;/ ,if;tcsurf mS wdik ;f jynftm%mudo k rd ;f ,lcphJ Ofu &[ef;/ &Siv f /l jynfo/l ausmif;om; ausmif; olw@kd tm;ay;cJah om uwdu0wfrsm;jzpfonf// ,if;uwdu0wft& Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf a&;tzG@J . aemufq;kH wm0efjzpfaom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f y+yD;jzpfI/ ,if; &v'fukd av;pm;vdu k ef m+y;D / taumiftxnfazmfay;&efom&So d nf// ,if;a&G;aumufyu JG kd vspv f #L¶_+y;D /

aemufxyf a&G;aumufyt JG opfukd usi;f yðyvkycf iG rhf &Sad wmhay// xd@k tjyif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf - 3 wGif v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf [k twdtusjyXmef;aoma=umifh w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; [lonft& jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd rvGrJ aoGac: ay;&ef vH;k 0wm0ef&adS yonf// Oya't& ,if;v$waf wmfuakd c:,l zG@J pnf;ray;bJ/ aemufxyf a&G;aumufyJG wckukd usi;f yðyvky&f ef Oya't& tcGit hf m%mvH;k 0r&Syd g? Tod@k t}urd }f urd t f xyfxyf/ Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifp. D vky&f yfrsm; a=umif/h trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;twGi;f ,H=k unfry_ sujf ym;apcJah yonf? ,if;wd@k teuf/ tqd;k 0g;qH;k vky&f yfrmS 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &uf 'Dy, J if;vky=f urH }_ u;D yifjzpfayonf? 'Dy, J if;vky=f urH o _ nf w&m;0if EdkifiHa&;ygwDw&yf.acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhtzGJ@0ifrsm;u/ jynfoltwGif; vGwfvyfpGmoGm;vmv_yf&Sm; pnf;¶k;H r_u/kd óuw d iftpDtrHjzif/h tiftm;oH;k I òzcd w JG u kd cf u kd t f =urf;zufonfv h yk &f yf jzpfayonf? xdo k @kd vltrsm; aoa=u/ '%f&m&/ ypPn;f rsm;qH;k ¶H;_ onfv h yk &f yfonf txift&Sm;jzpfygvsu/f w&m;cHrsm;udk pHpk rf;azmfxw k /f tjypfay;jcif;r&So d nft h jyif/ vky=f ucH &H onfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfrS acgi;f aqmif rsm;/ tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ jynforl sm;udo k m zrf;qD;/ axmifcs/ ta&;,lcahJ yonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf OD;wifO;D wd@k uv kd nf; ,ae@wikd f v$waf y;jcif;r&Sad o;ay? ,if;tcsurf sm;udak xmuf¶j_ cif;tm;jzifh 'Dy, J if; vky=f urH o _ nf/ w&m;vufvw G ðf yrljcif;/ w&m;Oya'uif;rJ+h y;D / rif;rJph ¶ku d q f efjcif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&; rsm;udk wdu k ¶f u dk cf sK;d azmufjcif;jzpf+y;D / Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifp. D tajymESit hf vkyf rnDaom/ 'Dru kd a&pDukd &G H rke;f acszsuo f nfv h yk &f yfvnf;jzpfayonf? tqdyk gvyk &f yfrsm;a=umif/h Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifpt D ay:/ Edik if aH &; ygwrD sm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf jynfow l &yfv;kH u/ ,H=k unfru _ if;rJu h m/ trsK;d om;jyefvnf oifjh rwfa&;vkyif ef;pOfuv kd nf;/ qd;k qd;k &Gm;&Gm;xdcu kd af pcJah yonf? Edik if w H umtv,fwiG v f nf;/ *k%f odumQ n K;d EGr;f usqif;cJ&h onf? vuf&jdS refrmEdik if . H tajctaeonf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;/ tppt&m&m ,d, k iG ;f usqif;aeonft h jyif/ trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;vnf;ysujf ym;vsu&f adS yonf? Ttajctaet&yf &yfonf/ taxGaxGtusyt f wnf;w&yfukd jzpfay:apvsu/f jrefrmEdik if . H tem*wfa&;twGuf tvGef pd;k &drzf , G af umif;aom tajctaejzpfay:vsu&f adS yonf? taxGaxGtusyt f wnf;rS vGwaf jrmuf a&;ESihf wdik ;f jynfukd jyefvnfðyjyifwnfaqmufa&;onf/ oufqikd &f mEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; toD;oD; wd@k . wm0efjzpfouJo h @kd / wrsK;d om;vH;k rvGJraoGaqmif&u G =f u&rnfh trsK;d om;a&;wm0efvnf;jzpf ayonf? xd@k a=umifh trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm; aygi;f pnf;nD!w G af &;ud/k r&raewnfaqmuf=u&rnf jzpfayonf? xdo k @kd aygi;f pnf;nD!w G af omtm;jzifh ,d, k iG ;f usqif;aeonfh Edik if aH wmfuðkd yjyifwnf aqmuf=u&ayrnf? jzpfysufcJhor#aom jy\emt00udkvnf;/ acszsufEdkifor#acszsuf+yD;/ oHo,pdwfrsm;/ pdwf0rf; uGJjym;r_rsm;udk ajyaysmufEdkif&efóud;pm;=u&rnf? rnfodk@yifjzpfap ,ae@umvonf/ 'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHawmfudkwnfaqmufa&;twGuf a&S ¶_onfh 'Drdkua&pDtajccHaumif;rsm;udk tpysKd;vkyfaqmif ay;jcif;jzifh/ trsKd;om;tiftm;pktcsif;csif; ,Hk=unfr_udk pwifwnfaqmuf=u&rnfh tcsdeftcgjzpf ayonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

538

537

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

odk@&mwGif/ EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@òzd;a&;aumifpDonf/ Todk@vkyfaqmif&rnfh tpm;/ rdrw d zG@J wnf;/ wzufowftpDtpOfjzifh vrf;!¸erf l (7) csuu f ckd srw S u f m/ trsK;d om;nDvmcHukd usi;f yvsu&f adS yonf? tqdyk g nDvmcHonf/ trsK;d om;w&yfv;kH . ,H=k unftm;ud;k xdu k af om/ trsK;d om;aoG;pnf; nD!w G af &;udOk ;D wnfaom/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;. &ydik cf iG rhf sm;udt k mrcHaom/ trsK;d om; jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edik af om nDvmcHw&yfr[kwaf y? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf tqdyk gnv D mcH. OD; wnfcsurf sm;/ vkyif ef;pOfrsm;onf/ jynfo@l qENuw kd cJeuf&,lxm;onfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tygt0if/ wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf óuw d ifaqG;aEG;ndE i_d ;f &,lxm;aomvkyif ef;pOfrsm; r[kwf onfjh yif Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifp. D rdro d abmjzifch srw S x f m;onfh wzufowf tpDtpOfrsm;omjzpfayonf? xd@k tjyif wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;.jy\emudk "rR"Ïd mefusus ajz&Si;f vdk onfh tajccHoabmxm;rsm; ryg&jdS cif;/ 'Dru kd a&pD tajccHral bmifrsm;udk av;pm;vdu k ef mr_r&Sjd cif; wd@k a=umifjh zpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzihf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifp. D vrf;!¸erf l (7) csuEf iS hf trsK;d om;nDvmcHonf/ trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;/ ¡trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;qdo k nfrmS / Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifp/D trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ wdik ;f &if; om;tiftm;pkrsm; (wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ typftcwf&yfpx J m;aom (od@k r[kw)f +idr;f csr;f a&;&,lxm;aom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ typftcwf r&yfp&J ao;aom vufeufuikd t f iftm;pkrsm; tyg t0if) udk qdv k jkd cif;jzpfonf? ¢ twGi;f csjy aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifch srw S cf o hJ nfh trsK;d om;vkyif ef;pOfw&yf r[kwb f /J Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifp. D wzufowfcsrw S o f nfh vkyif ef;pOfr#om jzpfayonf? rnfo h nfEh ikd if /H rnfo h nfo h rdik ;f / rnfonfu h mvwGirf qd/k tm%m&ygww D &yf&yf (od@k r[kw)f tm%mudk wenf;enf;jzif&h ,lxm;aom tzG@J tpnf;wckcu k / wzufowfcsrw S o f nfh vkyif ef;pOfjzifh trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;udk wnfaqmufEikd cf o hJ nf[I l r&Scd ahJ y? tm%modr;f awmfveS af &;aumifpo D nf/ 1963 ckEpS w f iG f twdu k t f cH vufeufuikd t f iftm;pk rsm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yGw J &yfuu kd si;f ycJah omfvnf; atmifjrifrr_ &bJ ysujf ym;cJ&h ayonf? tb,fa=umifeh nf; xdpk Ofu tm%modr;f awmfveS af &;aumifp. D rrSeu f efonfo h abmxm;/ "rR"Ïd mef rusonfh ¶_jrifo;kH oyfr/_ yuwdtajctaersm;ESihf uif;uGmonfah vmutjrifrsm;rS xGuaf y:vmaom wzufowf&yfwnfcsuw f @kd a=umif/h tjcm;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;yifaqG;aEG;cJah omfvnf;/ wzuf tiftm;pkrsm;.&yfwnfcsuf tjrifEiS w hf ifjyr_rsm;tay: tav;teufxm;um/ tay;t,lnE d i_d ;f r_rsm; r&SdcJhjcif;a=umifhjzpfayonf? xdk@tjyif tm%modrf;awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf/ wdkif;&if;om;ESD;aESm zvS,yf rJG sm;udv k nf; usi;f ycJah yonf? tqdyk gE;DS aESmzvS,yf rJG sm;rS csrw S cf o hJ nfqakd omrlrsm;udk tajccH vsu/f 1974 ck zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'w&yfukd a&;qGcJ ahJ yonf? xdt k ajccHOya'onfvnf; wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udw k nfaqmufEikd rf r_ &So d uJo h @kd / jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;udv k nf; azmfaqmifay;Edik cf jhJ cif; r&Sday? tb,fa=umifhqdkygrl xdkpOfuusif;ycJhaom wdkif;&if;om;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsm;onf [efjy oabmoufoufr#omjzpfjcif;/ xdEk ;DS aESmzvS,yf rJG cS srw S cf o hJ nfqakd omrlrsm;onfvnf;/ wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsK;d rsm;. oabmqENEiS u hf if;uGm+y;D / awmfveS af &;aumifprD S wzufowfcsrw S cf o hJ nfh tajccHrrl sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'w&yfukd a&;qGjJ yÏmef;cJjh cif;a=umifh jzpfayonf?

xd@k a=umifh awmfveS af &;aumifp. D vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;onf jynfow l @kd .oabmqENrygbJ rdrt d zG@J tpnf;wckwnf;. wzufowfEiS hf [efjyoabmvkyaf qmifcsurf sm; jzpfayonf? ppfreS af om wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ESihf wrsK;d om;vH;k .aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf u _ kd azmfaqmifEikd cf jhJ cif;r&So d nfh tjyif/ rSm;,Gi;f aom tpDtrHvyk af qmifcsurf sm;a=umif/h ESpaf ygi;f (20) ausmu f mvtwGi;f wdik ;f jynf. pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;rsm;c|wðf cHusum/ wdik ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;kH 'kuyQ ifv,fa0cJ=h u&ay onf? tedÏm¶H}k u;D rSm urBmt h qif;&Jq;kH Edik if t H jzpfo@kd a&muf&o dS mG ;ayonf? Tjzpf&yfrsm;ukdoifcef;pm,l+yD;/ ,ae@wdkif;jynfwGif&ifqdkifñuHawG@ae&aom tcuftcJ/ tusyt f wnf;rsm;udk ðyjyifajymif;vJvo dk nfh rGejf rwfonfph w d x f m;jzif/h trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;tm;vH;k onf/ rdru d , kd u f kd rdrd a0zefo;kH oyf=uum/ trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;udk r&raewnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf? txl;ojzif/h Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpo D nf wzufowfcsrw S x f m;aom vkyif ef; pOfrsm;ud/k tjrefq;kH &yfwef@+y;D / trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;jzifh aqG;aEG;ndE i_d ;f um/ trsK;d om;vkyif ef;pOfw&yf udk csrw S af qmif&u G &f ayrnf? trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;udk &,l&mwGiv f nf;/ taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rSm/ trsK;d om;tiftm;pktcsi;f csi;f / aqG;aEG;ndE i_d ;f tajz&Sma&;yifjzpfayonf? trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;udw k nfaqmuf&mwGi/f tiftm;pkwck (od@k r[kw)f tcsKd @ukd z,fcsex f m; +y;D / trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;udk wnfaqmufIr&Edik af y? od@k &mwGif Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifprD mS rl trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;uJo h @kd aom/ jynforl sm;. wcJeufaxmufcrH u _ &kd &Sx d m;onfh trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf awG@qn kH E d i_d ;f tajz&Sma&;udk jiif;y,f aeonft h jyif/ xdt k zG@J tpnf;rsm;udk z,fcsex f m;+y;D / rdro d abmusa&G;cs,x f m;aom tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf tcsK d tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm;udk t=uyfuikd +f y;D / vufoif&h mpm;awmfac:onfh nD!w G rf r_ sK;d wd@k wnf aqmuf vsu&f adS yonf? tu,fI Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpo D nf wzufowf tpDtrHjzifh w,loefwZGwx f ;kd qufvufvyk af qmifomG ;rnfqykd gu/ trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;udk rwnf aqmufEikd o f nft h jyif/ qd;k &Gm;onft h usK;d qufrsm;ud/k wdik ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;kH cg;pnf;cH=u&zG,f om&Sad yonf? tu,fI Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifpo D nf tzufzufr, S , kd iG ;f usqif;aeaomEdik if aH wmfukd 'Dru kd a&pDjynf0h onfh jynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmftjzpf ðyjyifwnfaqmufvkd onfqykd gu/ tajymoufoufr[kwb f /J tvkyjf zifo h ufaojy&ef vdak yonf? trsK;d om;nD!w G af &; tm;jzifo h m/ ,d, k iG ;f usqif;aeaom tajctaet&yf&yfu/kd ðyjyifwnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf? xd@k a=umif/h trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;ud rk &raewnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf? trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;udw k nfaqmuf&rnfh wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSmvnf;/ tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;ndE id_ ;f tajz&Sma&;rSvI JG tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sad y? xd@k a=umifh Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpo D nf æ (1) a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;tm; ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;kH v$wf ay;jcif;? (2) 1990 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf ahJ om Edik if aH &;ygwt D m;vH;k udk jyefvnf zGiv hf pS cf iG ðhf y+y;D Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. pnf;¶k;H a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG vkyaf qmifciG ðhf yjcif;? (3) wdik ;f &if;om;jynforl sm;taejzifh Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_wiG /f taESmift h ,Suf ta=umuft&G H uif;pGm/ yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cGiðhf yjcif;?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

540

539

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

(4) pme,fZif;rsm;ud/k vGwv f yfpmG a&;om;/ yHEk ydS /f xkwaf 0jzef@cscd iG ðhf yjcif;? ponfw@kd ukd pwifvyk af qmifjcif;jzih/f trsK;d om;tiftm;pkrsm;twGi;f / ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmuf& rnf? tqdyk g tcsurf sm;onf/ 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if w H nfaqmufa&;twGu/f r&Srd jzpfvyk &f rnft h csurf sm; jzpfay onf? wqufwnf;rSmyif/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf t"dym` ,fjynh0f aom awG@qakH qG;aEG;ndE i_d ;f r_ukd ðyvky&f rnf? xdak qG;aEG;n Ed i_d ;f r_wiG /f vufiif;&ifqikd f ñuaH wG@ae&aom trsK;d om;a&; jy\emt00wd@k ukd tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;oH;k oyf=u+y;D / tem*wfjrefrmEdik if t H wGu/f trsK;d om;a&;vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk csrw S &f rnf? xdt k rsK;d om;vkyif ef;pOfjzihf ,d, k iG ;f aeaomtajctaet&yf&yfukd ðyjyifaqmif&u G u f m/ jrefrmEdik if . H yuwdtajctaeESiu hf u dk n f aD om jynfaxmifppk epfEiS hf 'Dru kd a&pD tajccHjynf0h onfh ppfreS af om jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if o H pfukd taumiftxnfazmf wnfaqmufomG ;& ayrnf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD &efukefòrd 1366 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (3) &uf 2004 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16) &uf ÙÙÙÙÙ

a=unmcsut f & if;wd@k . aemufq;kH wm0efjzpfayonf? ,if;od@k aemufq;kH wm0efjzpfa=umif;udv k nf; EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUÏ/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu 1989 ckESpf/ Ed0k ifbmv (10) &ufae@wiG f ppfO;D pD;wuUov kd o f ifwef; trSwpf Of (40) oifwef;qif;yGYJ æ æ wd@k wm0ef,+l yD;csrw S cf w hJ hJ &nfreS ;f csuw f m0efav;&yfteuf aemufq;kH wm0ef jzpfwhJ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDa&G;cs,fwifajr mufyGJudk 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27) &ufae@rSmusif;yzdk@ aumfr&Sief @J oabmwl+y;D jzpfw,f æ [k twdtvif;ajym=um;cJah yonf? 3? xdak &G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid &f ef trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf ygwpD t kH axG axGa&G;aumufyaJG =unmpmwrf; udk xkwjf yefco hJ nf? ,if;a&G;aumufyaJG =unmpmwrf;wGif æ æ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;udk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufI jynfow l @kd qENEiS hf tnD 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &zG@J pnf;ap&ef/ Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'w&yfa&;qGaJ p&ef/ wdik ;f jynfjyefvnfxal xmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk atmifjrifpmG xrf;aqmifEikd &f ef æ aemifvmvwHah omumvwd@k Y jrefrmEdik if w H iG f 'Dru kd a&pDusiphf Ofrsm; xGe;f um;tajccdik f ap+y;D pnf;vH;k nD!w G af om/ wnfwchH ikd +f raJ om/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; wef;wl&nfwl tcGihf ta&;&Sad om/ jynfaxmifp}k u;D tjzpf wnfaqmuf&ef æ

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf; A[ef;òr e,f/ &efukefòr 1367 ckESpf/ uqkefvjynfhausmf (5) &uf 2005 ckESpf/ arv (27) &uf (15) ESpfajrmuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ a=unmpmwrf; 1? 1988 ckEpS u f ordik ;f wGirf ñuHb;l aom 'Dru kd a&pDa&;tHºk uGvy_ &f mS ;r_}uD;Y ausmif;om;/ ausmif;ol/ &[ef;/ &Siv f /l jynfot l aygi;f wd@k onf touf/ aoG;/ ac|;/ pnf;pdr/f OpPmrsm;pGmudk pGe@f vw $ f &if;ESD;ay;qyfcJh=uonf? odk@ESifh EdkifiHawmftm%mudkodrf;,lxm;aom EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf aqmufa&;tzG@J §Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifpo D nf 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf - 1§88 udx k w k jf yefI w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf vrf;yrf;qufo, G rf _ vHðk caH csmarG@apa&; ponfv h yk if ef;rsm; jynfph akH tmifaqmif&u G af y; rnf? +yD;v#if ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;wm0efudkxrf;aqmif&ef EdkifiHawmf tm%mt&yf&yfukd vH;k 0wm0ef,v l u kd o f nf[k wdik ;f jynfo@kd a=unmcJo h nf? ,if;od@k a=unmjcif;rSm wdik ;f jynfEiS hf jynfov l x l t k m; uwdu0wfðyvdu k jf cif;rnfayonf? od@k a=umifh 1990 jynfEh pS w f iG f ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D ay:ayguv f m&jcif;jzpfayonf? 2? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J §Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&; aumifpu D 1990 jynfEh pS w f iG u f si;f ycJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyo JG nf txufyg

jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf Oya'ESit hf nD jynfo@l qENEiS t hf nD ay:ayguw f nfaxmifjcif; jzpf& um;/ Tjynfo@l vw $ af wmfY tcsKyftjcmtm%musio hf ;kH Edik cf iG o hf nf tºuif;rJh &Sad p&rnf ponfjzifh jynfov l x l o k @kd wifjycJo h nf? xdo k @kd wifjycJjh cif;onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu jynfov l x l t k m; uwdu0wfay;cJjh cif;jzpfayonf? 4? ,if;a&G;aumufyaJG =unmpmwrf;ygtcsurf sm;udk 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfov l x l u k vdv k v kd m;vm; wcJeufqENraJ y;jcif;jzifh axmufct H wnfðycJo h nf? xd@k a=umifh a&G;aumufyJG a=unmpmwrf;ygtwdik ;f aqmif&u G af y;Edik &f ef jynfov l x l u k trsK;d om;'Drkd ua&pDtzG@J csKyftm; vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%mrsm; ay;tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfayonf? xd@k tjyif a&G;aumufyaJG =unm pmwrf;ygtcsurf sm;onf wdik ;f jynfEiS jhf ynfov l x l t k wGuf a&wdk a&&Snf tusK;d pD;yGm;rsm;udk xif[yf azmfjyaeonfomrubJ wdik ;f jynf.,ae@tajctaeESiv hf nf; vH;k 0nD!w G v f su&f adS eayonf? xdak &G; aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu rJqENe,f (82) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f cef@ trsm;pktEdik &f &Scd ahJ yonf? 5? xd@k a=umifh Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J § Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,m a&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifpo D nf if;wd@k u, kd w f ikd jf yÏmef;ay;cJo h nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf - 3 yg æ

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

542

541

Edik if aH wmftm%monf jynfov l x l x k rH S qif;oufap&rnf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af om v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;;&rnf? udk rvGrJ aoG taumiftxnfazmfay;&rnfjzpfayonf? ,if; Oya't& jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef tm%mydik rf sm;wGif vH;k 0wm0ef&adS yonf? jynfo@l v$waf wmfac:,lray;jcif;onf tm%mydik rf sm;u if;wd@k ud, k w f ikd jf yXmef;cJah om jynfo@l vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' udk csK;d azmufaejcif;jzpfayonf? xd@k tjyif rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k qENukd vspv f sL¶_jcif; rnfayonf? TonfrmS vH;k 0 rvkyo f ifh rvkyx f u kd af omudpP jzpfayonf? 6? 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufyEJG iS phf yfvsO;f I trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu æ æ usrwd@k taeeJ@ jrefrmEdik if rH mS t=urf;zufrv _ ;kH 0r&Sw d hJ 'Dru kd a&pDpepfuseaom enf;vrf; eJ@omv#if wdik ;f jynfuw kd nfaqmufrmS jzpf+y;D / aumif;rGev f w S hJ rsK;d qufopfrsm; ay:xGe;f vma&; a&S@ajy;erlemjyozd@k &nf&, G x f m;ygw,f? Tt"duta=umif;a=umifo h m 1990 jynfEh pS u f jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajr mufvdkufwJh ygvDrefv$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;cGifheJ@ v$wfawmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u if;wd@k &J wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifciG hf r&rae&&Sad tmif usrwd@k vyk f aqmifaewmjzpfygw,f æ [k vnf;aumif;/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif; (9) ESpaf jrmufae@wiG f æ ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDrsm;.ausm¶d;k onf vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyrJG sm;rS wqifh wifajrm ufjcif;cHxm;&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfjzpfygonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ay:ayguaf &;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDa&;udk rnfuo hJ @kd rS cGjJ cm;Ir&yg æ? [kvnf;aumif; rde@f =um;cJah y onf? 7? od@k a=umifh rdrw d ikd ;f jynfz@HG òz;d wd;k wuf&ef jynfov l x l u k vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%mtyfEiS ;f xm;aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;rygb/J jynfov l x l yk ;l aygi;f yg0ifrr_ &Sb d J rnfo@kd r# tusK;d &v'frsm; ay:xGuv f mEdik rf nf r[kwaf y? rnfonfw h ikd ;f jynfYrqdk jynfov l x l . k xufoefaom yl;aygi;f yg0ifr_ &&Srd o S m wdik ;f jynf.tusK;d ðyvkyif ef;rsm; xGe;f um;vmayrnf? ,H=k unfouf0ifvy_ &f mS ;aeaom vl@tzG@J tpnf;rsm;&Srd o S mv#if wdik ;f jynfz@HG òz;d wd;k wufvmayrnf? 8? (u) Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J OuUÏ/ wyfrawmf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfu 1990 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (3) &ufae@wiG f Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J EiS hf jynfe,f§wdik ;f +ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J rsm;. vkyif ef;ndE i_d ;f tpnf;ta0;Y ² ² ² æ ygwpD akH &G;aumufy+JG y;D &if bmvky=f urvJ/ zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;zd@k yjJ zpfw,f? 'Dupd P ud, k t hf aeeJ@ 5-7-89 &ufae@u ajymwJt h xJrmS ygygw,f? e0wu ra&;bl;qdw k m ajym+y;D +yyD ?J w&m;cHvnf; tjzpfrcHEikd b f ;l æ? [kvnf;aumif;/

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

543

æ tajccHOya'udk ta&G;cH&wJyh gwt D zG@J tpnf;awGu v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGnE d i_d ;f +y;D vky=f u&r,fu h pd P æ ? [kvnf;aumif; ajym=um;cJah yonf? (c) Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J §Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&; aumifpo D nf 1990 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (27) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf - 1§90 udx k w k jf yefcahJ yonf? ,if;a=unmcsuf tyd'k f - 12 wGif æ æ v$waf wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u aqmif&u G f ay;rnf æ? [kvnf;aumif;/ tyd'k f - 20 wGif æ æ ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforl sm;ua&G;aumufwifajrm ufvu kd af om ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; onf tem*wf'rD u kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udak &;qG=J u&ef wm0ef&o dS nfyh *k Kd~ vf rsm;jzpfonf æ ? [kvnf;aumif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJah yonf? xd@k a=umifh wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf. txufygajym=um;csurf sm;t&vnf;aumif;/ ,ae@wikd f w&m;0ifvsu&f adS eao;aom tqdyk ga=unmcsuf - 1§90 tyd'k f - 20 t&vnf;aumif;/ zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;uom a&;qG=J u&ef vH;k 0wm0ef&adS yonf? tjcm; rnfonfyh *k Kd~ vf/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm;/ rnfonft h zG@J tpnf;rsm;u a&;qG=J uygv#if a=unmcsuf - 1§90 t&a=umifh w&m;r0ifjzpfaeayonf? 9? xd@k tjyif jrefrmEdik if o H nf ukvor*~tzG@J csKyf. tzG@J 0ifEikd if w H Edik if jH zpf+y;D rdrEd ikd if u H vuf rSwaf &;xd;k xm;aom tjynfjynfqikd &f mvl@tcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf; tyd'k f - 21 wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh æ (1) vlwikd ;f wGif rdrEd ikd if . H tkycf sKyfa&;Y ud, k w f ikd jf zpfap/ vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,v f u kd o f nfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSwqifjh zpfap yg0ifaqmif&u G Ef ikd cf iG &hf o dS nf? udk qef@usiI f csKd ;azmufa=umif; jyo&ma&mufayonf? txufyg vl@tcGit hf a&;a=unm pmwrf;onf 'Dru kd a&pD. tajccHusiphf Ofw&yfjzpfayonf? 'Dru kd a&pDEiS phf yfvsO;f I t"dur¾dKiftcsK d jzpfaom æ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfow l @kd xrH S qif;ouf&rnf? tpd;k &onf jynfov l x l . k oabmxm;qENtay: tajccH&rnf? [lIvnf; &Si;f vif;zGiq hf x kd m;=uayonf? 10? (u) rdrw d ikd ;f jynfwiG f æ - vlaer_tqift h wef; usqif;aejcif;/

544

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; - qif;&Jcsr;f om uGm[aejcif;/ - pD;yGm;a&; usqif;aejcif;/ - Edik if aH &; ponfh taxGaxGtusyt f wnf;rsm; jzpfay:aejcif;rsm;a=umifh rdrEd ikd if u H kd rvGrJ aoG jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfayonf? Tod@k wnfaqmuf&ef rdrw d ikd ;f jynf. tajc taersm;t& tjynfjynfqikd &f maiGa=u;tultnDEiS hf tjcm;tultnDrsm; vdt k yfaeay onf? od@k vdt k yfcsuu f kd Edik if w H ckcsi;f taejzifh vHak vmufatmifyyhH ;kd Edik rf nf r[kwaf y? urBmh b%f/ Edik if w H umaiGa=u;&HyakH iGtzG@J EiS hf tm&Sz@HG òz;d a&;b%fw@kd rS u¾aygi;f pHt k wGuf tultnD rsm;&&SEd ikd rf o S m rdrw d ikd ;f jynf.vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk jznfq h nf;Edik rf nfjzpf+yD; rdrw d ikd ;f jynfz@GH òzd; wd;k wufvmEdik rf nfjzpfayonf? (c) tqdyk g urBmb h %f/ Edik if w H umaiGa=u;&HyakH iGtzG@J EiS hf tm&Sz@HG òzd;a&;b%fw@kd . tzG@J 0ifEikd if rH sm;onf 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;jzpfaeonfa=umif/h rdrEd ikd if t H m; 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if t H jzpf ul;ajymif;ay;rSomv#if tultnDtaxmuftyHrh sm; &&SEd ikd rf nf[k trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu ,H=k unfonf? 11? od@k ygojzifh wdik ;f jynfwiG af wG@ñuaH e&aom jynfaxmifp}k u;D wnfwchH ikd +f raJ &;ESihf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;ponfh taxGaxGtusyt f wnf;rsm;udk Edik if aH wmftm%m&,lxm;onfh Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òz;d a&;aumifpED iS hf jynfov l x l u k jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G; aumufwifajr muf+yD; vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%mtyfEiS ;f xm;onfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd onf OD;pGm yxrawG@qakH qG;aEG;jcif;jzifh tajz&Sm=u&rnfjzpfayonf? aemufwqifw h iG f wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d ud, k pf m; vS,rf sm;ESihf qufvufaqG;aEG;=u&efjzpfayonf? awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;=uef@=umaejcif;onf rvdv k m; tyfaomjy\emrsm;udk jzpfay:aponf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;a&;tygt0if rnfonfh Edik if aH &;udpu P rkd qdk r#waom/ oabmxm;jzLpifaompdwx f m;wd@k jzifh Edik if aH &;t"dym` ,fjynf0h pGm aqG;aEG; =uygv#if rSeu f efaomtajzudk &&Sad yrnf? 12? xdo k @kd awG@qakH qG;aEG;Edik &f ef wdik ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;kH vGwv f yf+yD; taESmiftzG@J EiS hf taESmift h ,Surf sm;rS uif;&Si;f I pdwEf v S ;kH aysm¶f i$ cf sr;f ajrph mG jzifh yg0ifEikd rf nfh Edik if aH &;ywf0ef;usif tajc taersm;udk zefw;D ay;&ef vdt k yfayonf? 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm; &&S=d u&efvnf;aumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pD usiphf OfEiS hf zDvmqef@usirf r_ sm;udk z,f&mS ;&efvnf;aumif; txl;vdt k yfayonf? 13? odk@ygI æ (u) rdrEd ikd if w H iG f 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf @l tcGit hf a&;rsm;&&S&d ef wpdu k rf wfrwfóud;yrf;tm; xkwfr_rsm;a=umifh t=urf;zufwdkufcdkufjcif;cHcJh=u&aom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 'k w d , OuU Ï OD ; wif O D ; ES i f h taxG a xG t wG i f ; a&;rª ; a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf w d k @ tm; aetdrfrsm;wGif xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;rS ¹cGif;csufr&Sd tjrefqHk;jyefvnfv$wfay;&ef/ (c) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;ryg0ifbJ ppfreS af omjynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmfukd rwnf aqmufEikd af oma=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfaom &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf OuUÏ cGex f eG ;f OD;/ twGi;f a&;rª; pdik ;f !Ge@f viG Ef iS hf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

545

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; tm; zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifxm;jcif;rS ¹ciG ;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvw $ af y;&ef/ (*) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf 1990 jynfEh pS af &G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfol vlxu k if;wd@k u, kd pf m; vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%mrsm;tyfEiS ;f vdu k o f nfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfaoma=umifh tusO;f uscaH e=u&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; (wdik ;f &if;om; jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tygt0if) wd@k ukd ¹ciG ;f csurf &Sb d J tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvw $ af y;&ef/ (C) rdrw d @kd . Edik if aH &;,H=k unfcsut f & pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;=uojzifh jypf'%frsm;uscaH e =u&aom Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k udk ¹ciG ;f csurf &Sb d J tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvw $ af y;&ef/ (i) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf w&m;0ifEikd if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfojzifh Oya'rJh ESpEf pS ef ;D yg; csw d yf w d jf cif;cHxm;&aom tzG@J csKyf. tqifq h ifah om pnf;¶H;k a&;tzG@J ¶;kH rsm;udk tjrefq;kH jyefvnfziG v hf pS af y;&ef/ (p)'Dru kd a&pDusiphf Oft&vnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya'u ay; tyfxm;aom tcGit hf m%mt&vnf;aumif; Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;tm; vGwv f yfpmG pnf;¶H;k v_yf &Sm;cGiahf y;&ef/ wd@k ukd jynfov l x l . k qENEiS t hf nD raES;tjref taumiftxnfazmf=uyg&efEiS hf Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifpu D tjrefq;kH aqmif&u G af y;&ef vH;k 0wm0ef&adS =umif; a=unm vdu k o f nf? (6-5-05 &ufae@ESifh 16-5-05 &ufae@rsm;wGif usif;yaom A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;t&) A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefòrd ? ÙÙÙÙÙ aemufqufwGJ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyJG usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif a=unmcsut f rSwf (187) (1350 jynfhESpf/ jymodkvqef; 12 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 18 &uf) ta=umif;t&m?

? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf y&ef av#mufxm;&rnfh aemufq;kH ae@&ufEiS hf tcsed f owfrSwfcsufudk a=unmjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf ydiv f akd om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf

546

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'ESit hf nD Taumfr&Sio f @kd 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (29) &ufae@ rSpI rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf y&ef av#mufxm;cJ=h u&m ,ae@txd Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f (182) zG@J ukd rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJ+h yD;jzpfygonf? 2? Taumfr&Sio f nf e,fpyfa'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ qufo, G rf c_ ufcaJ oma'orsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; vma&mufrw S yf w kH ifEikd af &;twGuf tcsed af y;cJyh gonf? 3? ,cktcg ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf yid v f akd om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; toD;oD;wd@k onfvnf; rSwyf w kH if+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,lqonft h wGuf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; enf; Oya' (6) ESit hf nD rSwyf w kH if&ef aumfr&Sio f @kd av#mufxm;&rnfh aemufq;kH ae@&ufEiS t hf csed u f kd 1989 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&D v (28) &ufae@ rGe;f wnfh (12 ; 00) em&Dtxd owfrw S yf ga=umif; a=unmtyfyg onf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rSL; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (208) (1350 jynfhESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 3 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 23 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDpepftzGJ@ (p-'-p) tzGJ@csKyf (Real Democracy Party) udk EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufjcif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 24-10-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (42) jzifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / yef;bJwef;òr d e,f/ a&$bo kH mvrf;/ (r[m AE<Kvvrf;ESihf ukeo f nfvrf;=um;)/ trSwf (137) wGizf iG v hf pS x f m;&Sad om ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDpepftzG@J (p-'-p) tzG@J csKyf (Real Democracy Party) udk Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? ,if;ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf;qENoabmxm;t& 15-2-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D kd zsuo f rd ;f +y;D jzpfyga=umif; OuUÏ/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;ESihf wGzJ uf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if (5) OD;wd@k ud, k w f ikd v f ma&mufwifjy ygojzifh Taumfr&Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya't& ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDpepftzG@J (p'-p) tzG@J csKyf (Real Democracy Party) tjzpf rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;udk 23-2-89 &ufae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd f yga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

547

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (242) (1350 jynfhESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf 9 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 1 &uf) ta=umif;t&m?

? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' (rl=urf;)ESihf pyfvsO;f I jynforl sm;ESihf Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;xHrS t=uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrifcsurf sm; awmif; cHjcif;? 1? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfwiG f trsm;jynfolwdk@awmif;qdkcJh=uonfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf vkyfief;tpDtpOfESifhtcsdefZ,m;udk 16-2-89 &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (194) jzifh a=unm cJ+h yD;jzpfygonf? 2? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG &yfukd pnf;urf;enf;vrf;wus usi;f yay;Edik af &;twGuf a&G;aumufyJG Oya' w&yfukd jyXmef;xm;&efvt kd yfygonf? a&G;aumufyOJG ya'udak &;qG&J mwGif Edik if aH wmf.zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccH Oya'ygrrl sm;ESit hf nD a&;qG&J ygrnf? 3? ,cktcg 1948 ckEpS w f iG jf yXmef;cJah om zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'ESihf 1974 ckEpS w f iG f jyXmef;cJah om zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wd@k yg a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh jyXmef;csurf sm;twdik ;f twdtus vdu k ef musio hf ;kH &ef rjzpfEikd af wmhonft h wGuf ,ckxw k jf yefonfh a&G;aumufyOJG ya' (rl=urf;) udk atmufygrrl sm;tay:tajccHI a&;qGcJ &hJ ygonf æ (u) vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd pnf;urf;enf;vrf; wus usi;f yEdik af &;/ (c) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf. Edik if o H m;rsm;twGuf 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm; tjynft h 0 &&Sad pa&;/ (*) aemifwacwfwiG f Edik if aH cgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=urnfh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; 'Dru kd a&pD tavhtusirhf sm; ðypkysK;d axmifay;a&;? 4? txufygrrl sm;udt k ajccHI aumfr&Sio f nf 1948 ckEpS w f iG jf yXmef;cJah om ygvrD efa&G;aumufyt JG uf Oya'ESiehf nf;Oya'rsm;/ 1976 ckEpS w f iG jf yXmef;cJah om jynfo@l vw $ af wmfEiS jhf ynfo@l aumifpt D qifq h ifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrm ufjcif;qdik &f m Oya'ESiehf nf;Oya'rsm;/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDusio hf ;kH vsu&f adS om Edik if t H csK d rS a&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESiehf nf;Oya'rsm;udk avhvm+yD; Ta&G;aumufyOJG ya' (rl=urf;) udk jrefrmEdik if H ESiv hf u kd af vsmnDaxG&adS p&ef ndE i_d ;f aygi;f pyfa&;qGx J m;jcif;jzpfygonf? 5? ,cka&;qGx J m;onfh a&G;aumufyOJG ya' (rl=urf;) rSm trsm;jynfoEl iS o hf ufqikd o f nfOh ya' (rl=urf;) jzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG jynforl sm;ESihf Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf t=uHðycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrif

548

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

csurf sm;udk ay;yd@k &ef&ydS gu xdt k =uðH ycsuEf iS hf xifjrifcsurf sm;teuf Taumfr&Siu f vufco H ifo h nfh tcsurf sm;udk vufcpH Of;pm;&efqEN&ydS gonf? 6? od@k ygI 'Dru kd a&pDtpOftvmESit hf nD jynforl sm;ESiEhf ikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;. t=uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrif csurf sm;udk &,lEikd af &;twGuf Tjynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' (rl=urf;) udk &Si;f vif;csurf sm;ESihf twl xkwjf yefa=unmtyfygonf? jynforl sm;ESihf Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf TOya' (rl=urf;) ESiphf yfvsO;f I t=uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrifcsurf sm;udk ay;yd@k &ef&ydS gu ay;yd@k vakd omt=uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrifcsurf sm;udk yk'rf wckcsi;f tvdu k f pmjzifah &;om;I 1989 ckEpS /f rwfv (31) &ufae@ aemufq;kH xm;+yD; &efuek òf rd@/ A[ef;òrd@e,f/ ewfarmufvrf;/ trSwf (94) &Sd ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si¶f ;kH od@k ay;yd@k =uyg&ef arwWm&yfct H yfygonf?

10? pmrwwfonfrh q J EN&iS rf sm;onf oufqikd &f mv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;. oauFwtrSwf tom;ud=k unfI h qENðyEdik =f urnfjzpfygonf? rsurf jrifrq J EN&iS rf sm;twGuu f rkd l rdrq d ENðyvdak om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tm; qENðyEdik af &;twGuf tultnDay;&efEiS hf w&m;r#w rSeu f efr_ &Sad p&ef qENðy&rnfeh nf;vrf;rsm;udk enf;Oya'jzifh owfrw S af y;rnfjzpfygonf? 11? qENrv J ufrw S jf zifh qENraJ y;onfph epfuu kd sio hf ;kH ygu aumfr&Siw f iG f rJqENe,ftvdu k f qENrv J ufrw S f udk tcsed rf ¶D u kd Ef ydS af y;&rnfh wm0ef}u;D w&yfyv kd maomfvnf; ,if;pepfusio hf ;kH jcif;tm;jzifh v#K d 0Suq f ENrJ ay;r_pepfukd atmifjrifapEdik jf cif;/ rJc;kd jcif;/ rJta&mif;t0,fðyvkyjf cif;/ y,frjJ zpfatmif rzG,rf &m ðyvkyjf cif;wd@k ukd umuG,Ef ikd jf cif;ESihf rJqEN&iS rf sm; vG,u f t l qifajypGm qENraJ y;Edik jf cif; ponft h usK;d aus;Zl;rsm;&&SdEdkifonfhtjyif rJyHk;trsm;tjym;ðyvkyf&rnfhwm0efvnf; avsmhyg;oGm;Edkifa=umif; awG@&ygonf? 12? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDusio hf ;kH onfh tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;udk avhvm&mwGiv f nf; rdrw d @kd wEdik if w H nf;om rJy;kH ESiq hf ENrjJ ym;pepfukd usio hf ;kH vsu&f adS =umif; awG@&&dS ygonf? 13? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f y&mwGif qENrjJ ym;ESiq hf ENraJ y;jcif; (od@k r[kw)f qENrJ vufrw S Ef iS q hf ENraJ y;jcif; pepfEpS cf t k euf rnfonfph epfuu kd sio hf ;kH oifah =umif; jynforl sm;ESihf Edik if H a&;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. t=uðH ycsurf sm;udv k nf; &,lvykd gonf? 14? od@k ygI a&G;aumufyOJG ya' (rl=urf;) ESiphf yfvsO;f I t=uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrifcsurf sm;ay;yd@k onft h cg txufazmfjyyg v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;xHrS óudwifaiGrnfr#awmif;cHoifah =umif;ESihf qENraJ y;onfph epfEpS cf t k euf rnfonfph epfusio hf ;kH oifah =umif; t=uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrifcsurf sm;udyk g wygwnf; ay;yd@k =uyg&ef xyfavmif;arwWm&yfct H yfygonf? 15? Taumfr&Siu f xkwjf yefxm;onfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;twGuf vkyif ef; tpDtpOfEiS t hf csed Zf ,m;t& jynforl sm;ESihf Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. t=uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrif csurf sm;udk pkpnf;pdppf&ef tcsed w f vom&&Syd gonf? xdo k @kd aumfr&Siu f pdppf&mwGif tcsed =f uef@=umr_ r&Sdapa&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;ujzpfap/ atmufajcEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; tqifq h ifu h jzpfap t=uHðycsurf sm;ESix hf ifjrifcsurf sm;ay;yd@k onft h cg rdro d ufqikd &f m Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;XmecsKyfrw S qifh ay;yd@k &efjzpfygonf? yk*Kd~ vfwOD;csi;f taejzifh t=uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf xifjrif csurf sm;ay;yd@k &ef&ydS gu ay;yd@k o. l vufrw S /f trnf/ trsK;d om;rSwyf w kH iftrSwEf iS hf ae&yfvyd pf mwd@k ukd azmfjyay;yd@k =uyg&ef azmfjytyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

óuwifaiGudpP 7? xd@k tjyif Taumfr&Sio f nf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyeJG nf;Oya'rsm; (rl=urf;) udv k nf; a&;qGJ vsu&f &dS m a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid v f akd om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;xHrS awmif; cHrnfh óudwifaiGyrm%udk owfrw S af y;&ef&adS eygonf? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;wOD;v#if óuw d ifaiGusyf 5000d§- od@k r[kwf aiGusyf 7500d§- od@k r[kwf aiGusyf 10000d§- wd@k teuf rnfonfh aiGyrm%udk awmif;cHoifha=umif; t=uHðycsufrsm; &,lvdkygonf? v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftvdkuf vma&mufqENraJ y;oltm;vH;k . (12 ² 5) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f ESit hf xuf cdik v f akH om qENr&J &So d rl sm;. óuw d if aiGukd jyefvnfxw k af y;&efEiS hf (12 ² 5) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f atmufom cdik v f akH omqENr&J &So d nfh v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;. óuw d ifaiGurkd l jyefvnfxw k af y;jcif;rðyawmhbJ Edik if aH wmfb¾maiGtjzpf odr;f qnf;owfrw S &f ef &nf&, G x f m;ygonf? od@k &mwGif a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H aom v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,o f nf cdik v f akH omrJ (12 ² 5) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f xuf avsmeh nf;&&Sad pumrl ,if;.óuw d ifaiGukd jyefvnfxw k af y;rnfjzpfygonf? qENrjJ ym;ESihf qENrv J ufrw S u f pd P 8? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfY a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udu k si;f yay;cJ&h mwGif rJy;kH twGi;f od@k qENrjJ ym;xnfh onfph epfuo kd m usio hf ;kH cJyh gonf? xdpk epfuu kd sio hf ;kH &mwGif rJy;kH rsm;vHðk crH r_ &Syd gu v#K d 0Suq f ENraJ y;jcif;udk xdcu kd af pEdik jf cif;/ rJy;kH azmufI rJc;kd Edik jf cif;/ rJjym;rsm;ta&mif;t0,fðyvkyEf ikd jf cif;ESihf rJy;kH xJrrS rJ sm;udk y,frjJ zpfatmif rSiaf vmif;xnfjh cif;/ uGr;f wHawG;axG;xnfjh cif;ponfh rzG,rf &mtr_rsm;udk ðyvkyEf ikd f a=umif; awG@&&dS ygonf? xd@k jyif ,SOòf yid t f a&G;cHaom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a&rsm;jym;ygu rJy;kH rsm;udk pDpOfxed ;f odr;f &efEiS hf rJqEN&iS rf sm;rJay;&ef tcuftcJrsm;&SEd ikd yf gonf? 9? azmfjyyg tm;enf;csurf sm;udk ausmv f m$ ;Edik &f ef aumfr&Siu f Edik if t H rsm;tjym;wGif toH;k ðyvsu&f dS aom qENrv J ufrw S jf zifh qENraJ y;aompepfukd avhvmcJyh gonf? qENrv J ufrw S jf zifh qENraJ y;onfh pepfwiG f rJqEN&iS rf sm;onf vHðk caH omqENðycef;wGif qENrv J ufrw S yf g rdrad xmufcv H akd om v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;. oauFwtrSwt f om;ESihf trnfwnfw h nfw h iG f axmufco H nft h rSwt f om; ðyI xdkqENrJvufrSwfudk wjcm;olrjrifatmifacguf+yD; rJ¶Hkrª;jrifEdkifaomae&mwGifxm;&Sdonfh wckwnf;aomrJy;kH twGi;f od@k rJqEN&iS u f , kd w f ikd f qENrv J ufrw S u f x kd nfI h qENðy&efjzpfygonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

549

550

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (243) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 1 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 7 &uf)

2? ,if;ygwD A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm; t& 10-3-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D kd zsuo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef 'Dru kd a&pDopfygwrD S OuUÏ/ taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rª;ESihf wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvm ygojzifh Taumfr&Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& 'Dru kd a&pDopfygwD (New Democracy Party) tjzpf rSwy fw kH ifxm;jcif;udk 10-3-89 &ufae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd yf ga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

ta=umif;t&m ? ? 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf @l tcGit hf a&;tzG@J Democracy and Human Rights Organization (D.H.O.) udk Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpfrw S yf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 23-10-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (40) jzifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / yef;bJwef;òr d e,f/ a&$bo kH mvrf;/ trSwf (82)wGif zGiv hf pS x f m;&Sad om 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf @l tcGit hf a&;tzG@J Democracy and Human Rights Organization (D.H.O.) udk Edik if aH &;ygwr D sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5 yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? ,if;ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm; t& 7-3-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D zkd suo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf @l tcGit hf a&;tzG@J rS em,u/ OuUÏESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmygojzifh Taumfr&Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf @l tcGit hf a&;tzG@J Democracy and Human Rights Organization (D.H.O.) tjzpf rSwy fw kH ifxm;jcif;udk 7-3-89 &ufae@rpS I y,fzsuf vdu k yf ga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (245) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 1 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 22 &uf)

? 'Dru kd a&pDopfygwD ( New Democracy Party) udk Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH if xm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 8-11-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (106) jzifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / vrf;rawmfòr d e,f/ (7) vrf;/ trSwf 97 (at) ajrnDxyfwiG f zGiv hf pS x f m;&Sad om 'Dru kd a&pDopfygwD (New Democracy Party) udk Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf?

? Edik if aH &;ygww D iG ;f udprP sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I aumfr&Si. f oabmxm;udk xkwjf yef a=unmjcif;? 1? Taumfr&Sio f nf vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd atmif jrifpmG usi;f yEdik af &;twGuf tbufbufrS óu;d yrf;aqmif&u G v f su&f &dS m ,ae@txd Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygif; (231) zGJ@wdk@onf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'ESifhtnD rSwfyHkwifxm;vsuf &Syd gonf? 2? ,if;od@k rw S yf w kH ifxm;aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;tcsK d wGif ygwzD @JG pnf;yHEk iS hf ygww D iG ;f a&;&mudpP tcsK d ajyvnfrr_ &So d nft h wGuf aumfr&Sio f @kd vma&mufwifjywdik w f ef;jcif;rsm;&Scd yhJ gonf? 3? ,ckrw S yf w kH ifxm;aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Taumfr&Siu f }u;D =uyfz@JG pnf;ay;aom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;r[kwb f J rdrw d @kd .qENtavsmuf ygwzD @JG pnf;yHrk sm;/ pnf;rsO;f rsm;/ &nf&, G cf suEf iS hf vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udak &;qG+J yD; em,uESihf tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;udk a&G;cs,zf @JG pnf;xm;jcif;jzpfyg onf? ,if;od@k zG@J pnf;+y;D aemuf Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifay;&ef wifjyvmonft h cg aumfr&Siu f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;enf;Oya' (4) ESit hf nD oufqikd &f mygwt D zG@J tpnf;. OuUÏ (od@k r[kw)f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª (od@k r[kw)f twGi;f a&;rª;wOD;OD;u Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya' yk'rf (3) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;ESihf +idpeG ;f jcif;r&Syd ga=umif; atmufygtwdik ;f 0efcu H wdvufrw S af &;xd;k rSom rSwyf w kH ifay;cJyh gonf æ (u) wnfqOJ ya'w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cH&aom tzG@J tpnf;r[kwf a=umif;/

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

552

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (244) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 4 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 10 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

551

ta=umif;t&m?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (c) Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;r[kwf a=umif;/ (*) Edik if aH wmfyikd f aiGa=u;/ taqmufttH/k ,mOf/ ypPn;f wd@k ukd wdu k ¶f u kd jf zpfap/ oG,0f u kd af om enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;kH pGo J nfh tzG@J tpnf;r[kwaf =umif;/ (C) Edik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfwckc. k tpd;k & od@k r[kwf bmoma&;tzG@J tpnf; (od@k r[kw)f tjcm; tzG@J tpnf;wckcrk S aiGa=u;/ ypPn;f / tjcm;taxmuftyHu h kd wdu k ¶f u kd jf zpfap/ oG,0f u kd af om enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;kH pGo J nfh tzG@J tpnf;r[kwaf =umif;/ (i) bmoma&;udk Edik if aH &;udpt P wGuf tvGo J ;kH pm;ðyaom tzG@J tpnf;r[kwaf =umif;/ (p) jynfo@l wyfrawmf/ jynfo@l &w J yfz@JG paom umuG,af &;wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;/ jynfo@l 0efxrf;tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;/ Edik if yH ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;bkw/f aumfyakd &;&Si;f / tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESihf Edik if aH wmfb¾maiGrS vpmcHpm;=uaom 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonfh tzG@J tpnf;r[kwaf =umif;? 4? xdo k @kd rSwyf w kH ifpOfuwifjyaom oufqikd &f mygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. zG@J pnf;yHpk nf;rsO;f rsm;/ &nf&, G f csuEf iS hf vkyif ef;pOfrsm;/ em,uESihf tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0ifrsm;pm&if;udrk l aumfr&Siu f rSww f rf;wif xm;ygonf? xd@k tjyif tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J EiS hf zG@J pnf;yHpk nf;rsO;f rsm; jyKjyifajymif;vJr&_ I dS aumfr&Sio f @kd xyfrw H ifjyvmonft h cgwiG v f nf; aumfr&Siu f qufvufrw S w f rf;wifxm;vsu¶f ydS gonf? 5? od@k ygI rSwyf w kH ifxm;onfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;wckc. k ygww D iG ;f oabmuGv J rJG r_ sm;udk ouf qdik &f mygwrD sm;uom ajz&Si;f &efjzpfojzifh aumfr&Siu f 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufajz&Si;f ay;&ef r&Syd ga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; t& 23-3-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D kd zsuo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef r[mrdw'f rD u kd a&pDXmecsKyfrS OuUÏESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmygojzifh Taumfr &Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& r[mrdw'f rD u kd a&pDXmecsKyf (League for Democracy Alliance) tjzpf rSwy fw kH ifxm;jcif;udk 23-3-89 &ufae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd yf ga=umif; a=unmtyfyg onf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (247) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 10 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 31 &uf)

? r[mrdw'f rD u kd a&pDXmecsKyf (League for Democracy Alliance) udk Edik if aH &; ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 8-12-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (162) jzifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / Adv k w f axmifòr d e,f/ (10) &yfuu G /f 48 vrf;/ trSwf 148 (ajrnDxyf) wGif zGiv hf pS x f m;&Sad om r[mrdw'f rD u kd a&pDXmecsKyf (League for Democracy Alliance) udk Edik if aH &;ygwr D sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? ,if;ygwD A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm;

? 'Dru kd a&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifov l ,form;/ tvkyo f rm; tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H Peasants & Workers' League for Democratic New Construction (Union of Burma) udk Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 25-11-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (148) jzifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / r&rf;uke;f òr d e,f/ ordik ;f blwm¶Hv k rf;/ trSwf (q§52) wGif zGiv hf pS x f m;&Sad om 'Dru kd a&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifov l ,form;/ tvkyo f rm;tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H Peasants & Workers' League for Democratic New Construction (Union of Burma) udk Edik if aH &;ygwr D sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? ,if;ygwD A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm; t& 31-3-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D kd zsuo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef 'Dru kd a&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifov l ,form;/ tvkyo f rm;tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H rS OuUÏESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmygojzifh Taumfr&Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& 'Dru kd a&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifov l ,form;/ tvkyo f rm; tzG@J csKyf (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H Peasants & Workers' League for Democratic New Construction (Union of Burma) tjzpf rSwy fw kH ifxm;jcif;udk 23-3-89 &ufae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd yf ga=umif; a=unm tyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

554

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (246) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 2 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ rwfv 23 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

553

ta=umif;t&m ?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (248) (1350 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 13 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv 3 &uf)

(r-v-x) rS OuUÏESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjy vmygojzifh Taumfr&Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& jrefrmjynfvw G v f yfrx _ eG ;f um;a&; kH ifxm;jcif;ud2k 7-4tzG@J csKyf (r-v-x) (Burma's League for Liberal Evolution) tjzpf rSwyf w 89 &ufae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd yf ga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

D jzpf ta=umif;t&m ? ? 'Dru kd a&pDn! D w G af &;wyfO;D (United Democratic Front) udk Edik if aH &;ygwt rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 14-11-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (127) jzifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / ausmufww H m;òr d e,f/ 48 vrf;/ trSwf 141 ('kw, d xyf/ 0Jbufcef;) wGif zGiv hf pS x f m;&Sad om 'Dru kd a&pDn! D w G af &;wyfO;D (United Democratic D sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? Front) udk Edik if aH &;ygwr 2? ,if;ygwAD [dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf; qENoabmxm; t& 3-4-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D kd zsuo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef 'Dru kd a&pDn! D w G af &;wyfO;D rS OuUÏESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;wd@k tygt0if tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u wifjyvmygojzifh Taumf r&Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& 'Dru kd a&pDn! D w G af &;wyfO;D (United Democratic Front) tjzpf rSwy fw kH ifxm;jcif;udk 23-3-89 &ufae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd yf ga=umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (249) (1350 jynfhESpf/ wefcl;vjynfhausmf 7 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv 27 &uf) ta=umif;t&m ?

? jrefrmjynf vGwv f yfrx _ eG ;f um;a&;tzG@J csKyf (r-v-x) (Burma's

League

for Liberal Evolution) udk Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;?

1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 29-11-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (150) jzifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / r&rf;uke;f òr d e,f/ (2) &yfuu G /f atmif csr;f omvrf;/ trSwf (127) wGizf iG v hf pS x f m;&Sad om jrefrmjynfvw G v f yfrx _ eG ;f um;a&;tzG@J csKyf (r-vkH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5/ yk'rf cGJ x) (Burma's League for Liberal Evolution) udk Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w (u)t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? ,if;ygwD A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0iftm;vH;k . wnDw!Gww f nf;qENoabmxm; t& 27-4-89 &ufae@rpS I rdrw d @kd .ygwu D zkd suo f rd ;f ay;yg&ef jrefrmjynfvw G v f yfr_ xGe;f um;a&; tzG@J csKyf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

555

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (314) (1351 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 19 &uf) taxGaxGtr_wGJtrSwf (2§89) ta=umif;t&m ?

? trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pk (r-e-w) National Politics Front (N.P.F.) udk Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 15-11-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (132) jzifh rE aW v;wdik ;f / rE aW v;ta&S awmifòr d e,f/ r[m atmifajrtaemuf tuGut f rSwf (526)/ (84) vrf;/ (38) ESihf (39) vrf;=um; trSwf (397) wGif zGihf vSpx f m;&Sad om trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pk (r-e-w) National Politics Front (N.P.F.) udk Edik if aH &; ygwrD sm; rSwyf kH wifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5 yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? ,if;ygwo D nf Edik if aH wmftm;vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD (Auy) aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; cdik v f akH om taxmuftxm;rsm; awG@ &S&d I Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 3 yk'rf cGJ (c) ESihf +ipd eG ;f aeygojzifh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf kH wifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 6 t& trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pk (r-e-w) National Politics Front (N.P.F.) tjzpf Taumfr&Siw f iG f rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;udk ,ae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª;

556

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (315) (1351 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 19 &uf) taxGaxGtr_wGJtrSwf (3§89)

ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? ,if;ygwo D nf Edik if aH wmftm;vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD (Auy) aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;.ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; cdik v f akH omtaxmuftxm; rsm;awG@ &S&d I Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 3 yk'rf cGJ (c) ESihf +ipd eG ;f aeygojzifh Edik if aH &;ygwD rsm;rSwyf w kH if jcif;Oya' yk'fr 6 t& t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@ (Ever Green Young Men Association) tjzpf Taumfr&Siw f iG f rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;udk ,ae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

ta=umif;t&m ?

? jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwD (People's Progressive Party) udk Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 9-11-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (108) jzifh &efuek w f ikd ;f / Adv k w f axmifòr d e,f/ (47) vrf;/ trSwf (164) (yxrxyf) wGif zGiv hf pS x f m;&Sad om jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwD (People's Progressive Party) udk Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 5 yk'rf cGJ (u) t& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? ,if;ygwo D nf Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I f awmfveS yf ek u f efaeaom ArmjynfueG jf rLepf ygwD (Auy) aomif;use;f oltzG@J tpnf;. ajray:tzG@J tpnf;jzpfa=umif; cdik v f akH omtaxmuftxm; rsm;awG@&&dS I Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 3 yk'rf cGJ (c) ESihf +ipd eG ;f aeygojzifh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf 6 t& jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwD (People's Progressive Party) tjzpf T aumfr&Siw f iG f rSwyf w kH ifxm;jcif;udk ,ae@rpS I y,fzsuv f u kd af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf? trdef@t& (at;armif) twGi;f a&;rª;

Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J trde@f (trde@f trSwf 1§92) 1353 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 4 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 8 &uf)

? t+rpJ rd ;f vli,frsm;tzG@J (Ever Green Young Men Association) udk Edik if aH &;ygwD tjzpfrw S yf w kH ifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsujf cif;? 1? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f 10-11-88 &ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (111) jzifh ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / rH&k mG òr d / rH&k mG awmif&yfuu G /f òr d ywfvrf; wGif zGiv hf pS x f m;&Sad om t+rpJ rd ;f vli,frsm;tzG@J (Ever Green Young Men Association) udk Edik if aH &;

ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;rcH&onft h jyif rdrw d @kd ygw. D zG@J pnf;r_taetxm;udyk if wifjyEdik jf cif;r&So d nfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'ESit hf nD ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr&Sio f nf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydiv f akd om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f (235) zG@J tm; rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf trde@f rsm;xkwjf yefvsuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydijf cif;rðy=uonfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vnf; aumif;/ tenf;qH;k rJqENe,fo;kH e,fwiG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid jf cif;rðy=uonfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm; tm;vnf;aumif; zsuo f rd ;f cJyh gonf? 3? xdkenf;wl ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifuvnf; a=unm csurf sm;xkwjf yefv#uf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;+y;D aom Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;teuf tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ,if;Oya'yg jyXmef;csurf sm;ESihf +ipd eG ;f a=umif; pdppfawG@&&dS ojzifh rlvrSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJjh cif;rsm;udk y,fzsucf yhJ gonf? 4? xd@k jyif rSwyf w kH ifciG &hf &S+d y;D aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;teuf tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw d @kd qENtav#muf ygwt D zG@J tpnf;udk y,fzsuaf y;yg&ef wifjyvm=uojzifh ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf a=unmcsurf sm;xkwjf yefv#uf tqdyk g ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJjh cif;rsm;udk y,fzsucf yhJ gonf? 5? ,cktcg rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;onfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f rSm (74) zG@J om use&f ydS gonf? xdo k @kd use&f o dS nfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycsu&f ,l+y;D pnf;¶H;k

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

558

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (316) (1351 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf) (1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 19 &uf) taxGaxGtr_wGJtrSwf (4§89) ta=umif;t&m ?

557

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

v_y&f mS ;cJ=h uonfrmS oH;k ESpcf ef@yif&+dS yjD zpfojzifh ,if;wd@k .tzG@J tpnf; taetxm;ESihf pnf;¶H;k r_rmS cdik rf m oifo h avmuf cdik rf monft h ajctaeod@k a&muf&adS e+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfyga=umif;/ od@k &mwGif tcsK d aomEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. tajctaerSm ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; rcH&onfh tjyif rdrw d @kd . ygwzD @JG pnf;r_taetxm;udyk if wifjyEdik jf cif;r&So d nfukd pdppfawG@&&dS a=umif;/ uspv f spcf ikd f rmonfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfukd usio hf ;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif TuJo h @kd aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;udk qufvuf&yfwnfciG rhf ay;oif[ h k oabm&&Syd ga=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Siu f wifjyvmygonf? 6? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f wifjycsuEf iS t hf nD ud, k pf m;vS,f a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; rcH&onfh tjyif rdrw d @kd . ygwzD @JG pnf;r_taetxm;udyk if wifjyEdik jf cif;r&Sad om atmufazmfjyyg Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpS I zsuo f rd ;f vdu k o f nf æ

taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umifh a=unmcsufrsm; xkwjf yefv#uf tcsKd @aomEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rlvrSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJjh cif;rsm;udk y,fzsucf jhJ cif; a=umifv h nf;aumif; ,cktcg rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;onfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f rSm (68) zG@J om use&f ydS gonf? 3? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;onfh Edik if H a&;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. zG@J pnf;r_taetxm;ESihf pnf;¶H;k r_tajctaersm;udk jyefvnfppd pfo;kH oyfcyhJ g onf? ,if;od@k pdppfo;kH oyf&mwGif rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;onfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Edik if aH &; ygwrD sm;tjzpf rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycsu&f ,l+y;D pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;cJ=h uonfrmS oH;k ESpcf ef@yif&+dS yjD zpfojzifh ,if;wd@k . zG@J pnf;r_taetxm;ESihf pnf;¶H;k r_tajctaerSm cdik rf moifo h avmuf cdik rf monft h ajctaeod@k a&muf&dS ae+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfyga=umif;/ od@k &mwGif tcsK d aomEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. tajctaerSm ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; rcH&onft h jyif A[dt k zG@J tpnf;wckom&S+d y;D atmufajcygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf ygw0D iftiftm; vH;k 0r&S=d ua=umif;/ A[dt k zG@J tpnf;. tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J uykd if tzG@J 0if (4) OD;/ (5) OD;cef@jzifo h m zG@J pnf;Edik =f ua=umif;/ tcsK d aom A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J rsm;udk rdom;pktzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf &if;ES;D aomrdwaf qGrsm;ESio hf m zG@J pnf;xm;=uonfukd awG@&&dS a=umif;/ uspv f spf cdik rf monfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfuu kd sio hf ;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif Edik if t H usK;d udak &S ¶_v#uf TuJo h @kd aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;udk qufvuf&yfwnfciG rhf ay;oif[ h k oabm&&Syd ga=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f wifjyvmygonf? 4? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f wifjycsuEf iS t hf nD ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; rcH&onfh tjyif A[dt k zG@J tpnf;wckom&S+d y;D atmufajcygwt D zG@J tpnf;vH;k 0r&Sad om atmufazmfjyyg Edik if aH &; ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpS I zsuo f rd ;f vdu k o f nf æ (u) wdik ;f &if;EG,zf mG ; yl;aygi;f a&;ygw/D (c) 'Dru kd a&pDjrwfE;kd aom jynforl sm; r[mrdwt f zG@J }u;D ('-r-r-z)/ (*) jynfaxmifpjk ynfo@l b0ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDygw/D (C) jrefrmEdik if H 'Dru kd &ufwpf jynfo@l tiftm;tzG@J csKyf/ (i) trsK;d om; +ird ;f csr;f a&;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDygw/D (p) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H nD!w G af &;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (y-n-'-z)/ (q) trsK;d om;+ird ;f csr;f a&;ygw/D (Z) jynfo@l awmifov l ,form;or*~ (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H / (ps) jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDygw?D

(u) 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm; tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-z)/ (c) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH 'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk/ (*) jrefrmEdik if H nD!w G af &; 'Dru kd &ufwpfygw/D (C) &cdik v f rl sK;d pkrsm; 'Dru kd a&pDygw/D (i) &cdkif wdkif;&if;om; nD!Gwfa&; tzGJ@csKyf (&-w-n)/ (p) trsKd;om;ygwD (t-r-y)? 7?

Ttrde@f onf Oya'uJo h @kd tm%mwnfap&rnf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 2§92) 1353 ckESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 3 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 22 &uf)

ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;rcH&onft h jyif A[dt k zG@J tpnf;wckom&S+d yD; atmufajcygwDtzGJ@tpnf;vHk;0r&Sdaom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'ESit hf nD ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&; aumfr&Sio f nf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydiv f akd om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f (235) zG@J tm; rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh trde@f rsm;xkwf jyefv#uf tcsK d aomEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuo f rd ;f cJjh cif;a=umifv h nf;aumif;/ ygwpD 'kH rD kd ua&pD

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

559

560

Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; (C) awmifolv,form; wdk;wufzGH@òzd;a&;ygwD/ (i) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk b0opfxlaxmifa&;ygwD (XmecsKyf)/ (p) 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aom jynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-y-z)/ (q) 'Drdku&ufwpfavbmygwD (jrefrmjynf)/ (Z) jynfo@l a&S aqmifygwD (y-&-y)/ (ps) &cdkiftrsKd;om; vlr_b0jr ifhwifa&;tzGJ@/ (n) jrefrmtrsK;d orD; wd;k wufa&;or*~ (A[dXk mecsKyf)/ (É) &Srf;jynfe,f ucsiftrsKd;om; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ (X) &Srf;trsKd;om; zGH@òzd;a&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ (È) zufqpfqef@usiaf &;/ jynfo@l vw G v f yfa&; rlvtzG@J csKyf (z-q-y-v rlvtzG@J csKyf)/ (Ê) jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEkdifiH)/ (%) jynfaxmifpk wnfwchH ikd +f rJa&;ygwD (y-w-c)/ (w) jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m trsK;d om;rsm;wd;k wufa&; 'Dru kd a&pDygw/D (x) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m r[mrdwf vli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk;?

EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 4§92) 1353 ckESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 2 &uf) udk,fpm;vS,fa&G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;rcH&onfhtjyif A[dkESifhwuG jynfe,f§wdkif; tzGJ@cGJ/ òr e,fpktzGJ@cGJESifh òr e,ftzGJ@cGJ pkpkaygif; tenf;qHk; tzGJ@ (10) zGJ@udkyif zGJ@pnf;jcif; rðyEdkifonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'ESit hf nD ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sio f nf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydiv f akd om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f (235) zG@J tm; rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJyh gonf? 2? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf trde@f rsm;t}udr}f udrx f w k jf yefv#uf tcsK d aomEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuo f rd ;f cJjh cif;a=umifv h nf;aumif;/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh a=unmcsurf sm; t}urd }f urd x f w k jf yef v#uf tcsK d aomEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycJjh cif;rsm;udk y,fzsucf jhJ cif;a=umifv h nf; aumif; ,cktcg rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf yxm;onfEh ikd if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f rSm (57) zG@J omuse&f ydS gonf? 3? xdo k @kd use&f o dS nfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycsuf &,l+y;D pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;cJ=h uonfrmS oH;k ESpcf ef@yif&+dS yjD zpfojzifh ,if;wd@k .zG@J pnf;r_ taetxm;ESihf pnf;¶H;k r_rmS cdik rf moifo h avmuf cdik rf monft h ajctaeod@k a&muf&adS e+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfyga=umif;/ Edik if aH &; ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf A[dEk iS w hf uG jynfe,f§wdik ;f tzG@J c/JG òr d e,fpt k zG@J c/JG òr d e,ftzG@J cJG tenf;qH;k (10) zG@J zG@J pnf;Edik o f nfh tzG@J tpnf;rsm;jzpfoifah =umif;/ od@k &mwGif tcsKd @aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; rsm;.tajctaerSm ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;rcH&onft h jyif A[dEk iS w hf uG jynf e,f§ wdik ;f tzG@J c/JG òr d e,fpt k zG@J cEJG iS hf òr d e,ftzG@J cJG tenf;qH;k tzG@J (10) zG@J zG@J pnf;Edik jf cif;r&So d nfukd pdppfawG@&&dS a=umif;/ uspv f spcf ikd rf monfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfuu kd sio hf ;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif TuJo h @kd aomEdik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk qufvuf&yfwnfciG rhf ay;oif[ h k oabm&&Syd ga=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f wifjyvmygonf? 4? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f wifjycsuEf iS t hf nD ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; rcH&onfh tjyif A[dEk iS w hf uG jynfe,f§wdik ;f tzG@J c/JG òr d e,fpt k zG@J c/JG òr d e,ftzG@J cJG tenf;qH;k tzG@J (10) zG@J zG@J pnf;Edik jf cif; r&Sad om atmufazmfjyyg Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpS I zsuo f rd ;f vdu k o f nf æ (u) uGejf rLepfqef@usiaf &;/ qd&k , S v f pfqef@usiaf &;/ tm%m&Siq f ef@usiaf &;/ vGwv f yfaom 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (c) u&iftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf (u-'-u)/ (*) awmifolv,form;/ u'l;/ ueef;ESifh &Srf;trsKd;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&; 'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf (Aef;armufòrd )/

atmufajcygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwus zG@J pnf;Edik jf cif;r&So d nft h jyifygw0D iftrnfpm&if;udyk if azmfjyay;yd@k Eikd jf cif;r&Sad om Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuo f rd ;f onft h rde@f 1? ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u tcsK d aom Edik if aH &; ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuo f rd ;f cJjh cif;a=umifv h nf;aumif;/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f tcsK d aomEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rSwyf w kH ify,fzsucf jhJ cif;a=umifv h nf; aumif; ,cktcg Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf; (40) zG@J om Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& w&m;0if qufvuf&yfwnfv#u&f ydS gonf? 2? xdo k @kd qufvufwnf&adS eonfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;cJ=h uonfrmS oH;k ESpcf ef@yif&cdS o hJ nft h av#muf ,if;wd@k .tzG@J tpnf;taetxm;ESiphf nf;¶H;k r_onf cdik rf moifo h avmuf cdik rf monft h ajctaeod@k a&muf&adS e+y;D jzpfrnf[, k =kH unfojzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf tqdyk g Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. atmufajczG@J pnf;r_ tajctaersm;ESihf ygw0D iftrnfpm&if;wifjyr_ tajctaersm;udk pdppfavhvmoH;k oyfcyhJ gonf?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

562

561

Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 5§92) 1353 ckESpf/ wydk@wGJvqef; 10 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv 13 &uf)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

3? Tod@k pdppfavhvmoH;k oyf&mwGif tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ud, k pf m;vS,f a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; rcH&onft h jyif atmufajcygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwusz@JG pnf;Edik jf cif;r&Sd onfuv kd nf;aumif;/ ygw0D iftrnfpm&if;udv k nf; azmfjyay;yd@k Eikd jf cif; r&So d nfuv kd nf;aumif; pdppfawG@ &S&d ojzifh uspv f spcf ikd rf monfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfukd usio hf ;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif xdo k @kd aomygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; qufvuf&yfwnfciG rhf ðyoif[ h k oabm&&Syd ga=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G; aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f wifjyvmygonf? 4? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f wifjycsuEf iS t hf nD ud, k pf m;vS,f a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif; rcH&onfh tjyif atmufajc ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwuszGJ@pnf;Edkifjcif;r&SdbJ ygwD0iftrnfpm&if;udkyif azmfjyay;yd@k Eikd jf cif;r&Sad om atmufazmfjyyg Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rpS I zsuo f rd ;f vdu k o f nf æ (u) ucsijf ynfe,f trsK;d om;'Dru kd &ufwpfygw/D (c) nD!w G af &;ESihf zG@H òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D (*) awmifolv,form;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ (C) tvkyform;nD!Gwfa&; or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ (i) &Srf;jynf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (p) trsKd;om;wdk;wufa&; vli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH)/ 5? Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf?

avhvmoH;k oyfcyhJ gonf? 3? Tod@k pdppfavhvmoH;k oyf&mwGif tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw d @kd .ygw0D if tiftm;pm&if;/ ygwt D zG@J cpJG m&if;rsm; wdwu d susazmfjyay;yd@k jcif; r&S=d uonf udv k nf;aumif;/ tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw d @kd ygw. D Edik if aH &;oabmw&m;ESihf 0g'vrf;pOfuykd if yDyjD yifjyif wifjyEdik jf cif;r&S=d uonfuv kd nf;aumif;/ tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vfrsm; onf wnfqOJ ya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;/ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk wdwu d susvu kd ef m&ef tm;enf;r_&=dS u onfuv kd nf;aumif;/ tcsKd @aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ud, k pf m;vS,t f csK d a&G;aumuf wifajrm ufc&H jcif;udt k a=umif;ðyI rdrw d @kd . &yfwnfro _ nf ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H r_ tay:rlwnfaeonf[k ,lq[ef&+dS y;D ygw. D pnf;¶H;k a&;udk vspv f sL¶_@xm;=uonfuv kd nf;aumif; pdppf awG@&&dS ojzifh uspv f spcf ikd rf monf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfukd usio hf ;kH azmfaqmif&mwGix f o kd @kd aom Edik if aH &; ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; qufvuf&yfwnfciG rhf ðyoif[ h o k abm&&Syd ga=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f wifjyvmygonf? 4? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f wifjycsuEf iS t hf nD atmufazmfjyyg Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm; tm; ,ae@rpS I zsuo f rd ;f vdu k o f nf æ (u) ureftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (c) u,ef;trsKd;om;rsm; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ (*) ZdkrD;trsKd;om; uGef*&uf/ (C) 'Drdkua&pDygwD/ (i) 'Dru kd &ufwpf wuUov kd b f @JG &ESihf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J / (p) jynfaxmifpk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (q) r&mjynfo@l ygwD (r-y-y)/ (Z) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@/ (ps) trsK;d om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; 'Dru kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if )H ?

EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 7§92) 1353 ckESpf/ waygif;vqef; 8 &uf (1992 ckESpf/ rwfv 11 &uf) EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;tcsKd tm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u tcsK d aomEdik if aH &; ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; zsuo f rd ;f cJjh cif;a=umifv h nf;aumif;/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f tcsK d aomEdik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; rSwyf w kH ify,fzsucf jhJ cif;a=umifv h nf; aumif; ,cktcg Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f (29) zG@J om Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& w&m;0ifqufvuf&yfwnfv#u&f ydS gonf? 2? txufazmfjyyg qufvufwnfciG &hf =dS uonfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ; cJo h nfrmS tcsed u f mvtm;jzifh oH;k ESpaf usmcf o hJ nft h av#muf ,if;wd@k . tzG@J tpnf;taetxm;ESihf pnf;¶H;k r_onf cdik rf moifo h avmuf cdik rf monft h ajctaeod@k a&muf&adS e+yD;jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfojzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf tqdyk g Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. pnf;¶H;k r_/ zG@J pnf;r_tajctaersm;ESihf ygw0D iftrnfpm&if;/ tiftm;pm&if;wifjyr_tajctaersm;udk pdppf

EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;tcsKd tm; zsufodrf;onfhtrdef@ 1? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya't& ,cktcg w&m;0if&yfwnfciG &hf o dS nfh Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;aygi;f rSm (19) zG@J jzpfygonf? tqdyk g Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf pnf;¶H;k v_y&f mS ;cJ=h uonfrmS

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

564

563

Ttrdef@onf Oya'uJhodk@ tm%mwnfap&rnf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 8§92) 1353 ckESpf/ waygif;vjynfhausmf (1) &uf (1992 ckESpf/ rwfv 19 &uf)

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

565

566

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf =o*kwfv/ 2000 tif; pdefaxmif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 28-10-1997 tif; pdefaxmif

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 25-2-2005

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 16-8-2004

ausmufwef; (1) &efukefwkdif; prf;acsmif; &efukefwkdif;

&efukefwkdif; &efukefwkdif;

&Srf;jynfe,f

ykZGefawmif r&rf;ukef; (2)

awmif}uD; (1) vm;¶_ vm?_ d; d ;

oDayg (1)

tkwfwGif; (2)

9 OD;apmEkdif; Ekdif; 10 a'gufwmar0if; jrifh

11 OD;ausmfcif

13 cGefxGef;OD;

14 OD;cifarmif0if;

tif; pdefaxmif 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 31-3-2006 yJcl;wkdif;

ylwmtkdaxmif

1234 1234

2-9-2005 &Srf;wkdif; &if; om;rsm; &Srf;jynfe,f

awmif}uD; axmif

uav;axmif

12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345

12 OD;oef;aX;

7 a'gufwm oef;+idrf; 8 OD;cifarmifaqG

jynfaxmif rEWav;axmif

123 123

pm;?yaumf rwD tzG@J0if ðy

ðy pm;?yaumf rwD tzG@J0if

'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 28-10-1997 trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 8-5-1994

jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,f

jrpf}uD; em;axmif tif; pdefaxmif jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,f trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Ekd0ifb m/ 1990 trsKd;om;vl@tcGifhta&; 17-3-2005 5 a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif tr&yl& (1) rEWav;wkdif; 6 OD;ausmfrif; bl; oD;awmif (1) &ckdifjynfe,f

uomaxmif tif; pdefaxmif

tif; pdefaxmif

ppfukdif;wkdif; yJcl;wkdif; tif; awmf awmifil (1) 3 OD;apmv_dif 4 OD;atmifpkd;jrifh

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 30-3-2005 trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 31-8-2003

ppfukdif;wkdif; wef@q nf (1) 2 OD;ausmfq ef;

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 17-3-2007

ucsifjynfe,f ylwmtkd 1 OD;a,mpD

trnf

Ttrde@f onf Oya'uJo h @kd tm%mwnfap&rnf?

axmif jrpf}uD; em;axmif onfhae@ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 1-/2-1998

rSwfcsuf

ðy wDtzGJ@tpnf; pwifxdef;odrf;cJh tusOf;usaeonfh ukd,fpm;?yyg

jynfe,f/?wkdif; rJqENe,f

1234 1234 1234

pOf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&aom v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; tcsed u f mvtm;jzifh oH;k ESpaf usmcf o hJ nft h av#muf ,if;wd@k . tzG@J tpnf;taetxm;ESihf pnf;¶H;k r_onf cdik rf moifo h avmuf cdik rf monft h ajctaeod@k a&muf&adS e+y;D jzpfrnf[k ,H=k unfojzifh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sio f nf tqdyk g Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. pnf;¶H;k r_/ zG@J pnf; r_tajctaersm;ESihf ygw0D iftrnfpm&if;/ tiftm;pm&if;wifjyr_tajctaersm;udk pdppfavhvmoH;k oyf cJyh gonf? 2? Tod@k pdppfavhvmoH;k oyf&mwGif tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw d @kd .ygw0D if tiftm;pm&if;/ ygwt D zG@J cpJG m&if;rsm;udk ay;yd@k &efysuu f u G =f uonfuv kd nf;aumif;/ ay;yd@k =u&mwGiv f nf; wdwu d susazmfjyay;yd@k jcif; r&S=d uonfuv kd nf;aumif;/ tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdrw d @kd ygw. D Edik if aH &;oabmw&m;ESihf 0g'vrf;pOfuykd if yDyjD yifjyif wifjyEdik jf cif;r&S=d uonfuv kd nf; aumif;/ tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;. wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vfrsm;onf wnfqOJ ya'/ enf;Oya' rsm;/ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk wdwu d susvu kd ef m&ef tm;enf;r_&=dS uonfuv kd nf;aumif;/ tcsK d aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ud, k pf m;vS,t f csK d a&G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H jcif;udk ta=umif;ðyI rdrw d @kd . &yfwnfro _ nf ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;aumufwifajrm ufc&H r_tay: rlwnfaeonf[k ,lq[ef&+dS y;D ygwD.pnf;¶Hk;a&;udk vspfvsL¶_@xm;=uonfudkvnf;aumif; pdppfawG@&Sd&ojzifh uspfvspfcdkifrmonfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfukd usio hf ;kH azmfaqmif&mwGif xdo k @kd aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; qufvuf &yfwnfciG rhf ðyoif[ h k oabm&&Syd ga=umif; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f wifjyvmygonf? 3? odk@ygI EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f wifjycsuEf iS t hf nD atmufazmfjyyg Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rSpI zsufodrf;vdkufonf æ (u) rGeftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ (c) trsKd;om; vl@tcGifhta&; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ (*) csif;trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (C) em*awmifwef;a'o wd;k wufa&;ygw/D (i) u,m;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (p) wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (q) jynfaxmifpk"EktrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ (Z) jynfaxmifpt k rsK;d om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDygw/D (ps) vDqt l rsK;d om; aoG;pnf;cdik rf ma&;tzG@J (v-r-o-z)?

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf 567 568 20 a'guw f mpde0f if; 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345

jyifOD;vGif (2) rEWav;wkid ;f rk;d ukwf (2) rEWav;wkid ;f rEWav; taemuf rEWav;wkid ;f

26 OD;yDwmvif;yif 27 OD;bkv d w S ifh 28 OD;odef;OD;

rEWav;wkid ;f

aysmb f , G f (2)

25 OD;vSaz

rauG;wkdif; rauG;wkdif;

yJcl;wkdif; yJcl;wkdif; uHr a&eHacsmif; (2)

a&$awmif (1) oeyfyif (2) 23 OD;jrifhatmif 24 OD;cifausmf[ef

ºu,f 21 OD;oef;?u,f 22 a'guw f mode;f aX;

yJcl;wkdif;

aygufacgif;

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDygwD

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf

yJcl;wkdif;

ausmuf}uD;

23-1-1991 &ufae@wGif jynfwGif;okd@jyefoGm;cJhonf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k iG f a&muf&adS exkid I f EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnfrsm;ESifh qufoG,rf _r&Syd g? 23-1-1991 &ufae@wGif jynfwGif;okd@jyefoGm;cJhonf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk umuf?òr@r@YY 1993 ckESpf/ ZGefvv,fwGif xkdif;EkdifiH/ befaumuf vkyf=uHcH&I uG,v f Gefonf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tar&duefjynfaxmifpk =opa=w;vsEkdifiH

tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k jynfywGizf @JG pnf;xm;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tzG@J (jrefrmEkid if )H okd@ 0ifa&mufjcif;r&Syd g? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk

aemfa0EkdifiH xkid ;f Ekid if H w¶kwwfEfEkdikdif fiH/ H/ululrrifif;?r@ ;òr@wG 28-2-1993 &ufae@wGif w?k wGiif f vkyf=uHcH&I uG,v f Gefonf? xkid ;f Ekid if H xkid ;f Ekid if H

tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tdENd,EkdifiH tdENd,EkdifiH

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19 OD;xGef;OD;

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf u0 (1) yJcl;wkdif; ausmufwHcg; (1) yJc;l wkdif;

ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f

,if;rmyif (1) ,if;rmyif (2) a&OD;

woD; yk*~v trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf

csif;trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tar&duefjynfaxmifpk

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

17 a'guw f mrsK;d 0if; 18 OD;vSOD;

14 OD;Akv d af omif; 15 OD;wifxGef;atmif 16 OD;0if;ukd

csif; jynfe,f ppfukdif;wkdif; ppfukdif;wkdif;

[m;cg; ykvJ (1) ykvJ (2)

tar&duefjynfaxmifpk =opaw;vsEidk if H

4if;

5-6-1994 &ufae@wGif jynfwGif;okd@ jyefoGm;cJo h nf? 4if; 4if; 4if;

e,fajrrSwqifh rme,fyavmokd@ a&mufvmcJhonf?

ucsifvGwfajrmufa&; tpnf;t¶k t?kH;;H (autkdiftkd)

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11 OD;vset f yk f 12 OD;oef;pdef 13 a'gufwm wifhaqG

csif;jynfe,f

rSwfcsuf 23-12-1991 &ufae@wGif jynfyokd@xGufcGmvmcJh+yD;/

rGeftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf e,fomvefEidk if H Zkrd ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uf tdE, dN Ekid if H

u&ifjynfe,f csif;jynfe,f

aumhu&dwf (2) wGef;ZH

10 a'gufwm ZvS,fxef; zvrf; (2)

8 Ekid af omif;&Sed f 9 xsefvsef;aygif

ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rEWav;wkdif; trsK;d om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &ckid jf ynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

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rcsrf;abm 0kdif;armf vGKdifaumf (2)

123

5 OD;tifeef;*rf 6 'l0gaZmfatmif 7 cGef;w,f&Dbl;&D

ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,f trsK;d om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

123 123 123

ylwmtkd n if; (1) rkrd;d k;n?if (1) n if;; (2) rkrd;d k n?if (2)

jynfe,f/?wkdif; ukd,fpm;?yyg ðy wDtzGJ@tpnf; ucsifjynfe,f trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

rJqENe,f ac:bl'J 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345

2 OD;a,mpD 3 OD;D ausmaf rmif 4 OD;=umjr

pOf trnf 1 OD;rzef;qif

123 123 123 123

jynfyokd@xGufcGmvmonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tajctae

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf 41 OD;jrifharmif 42 OD;apmwm¶l apmwm?l;;wl wl;;

38 OD;jr0if; 39 a'gufwmpef;atmif 40 OD;wifxGwf

37 OD;',feDatmif

36 pkid ;f 0if;az

34 a':pef;pef; 35 cGe;f rm;&fub dk ef

33 OD;ausmfoGif

32 OD;xGef;&D

31 OD;OD;omEkd@

29 OD;armifarmifat; 30 OD;armifarmifvwf

1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u,ef;trsKd; om;rsm; pnf;vkH; nD!w G fa&;tzGJ@ &SSrf;wkdif;&if; om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf vm;[ltrskKd; om;zGJ@?z;wkd;wuf a&;ygwD trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

&efukefwkdif; &Srf;jynfe,f

569 570

tar&duefjynfaxmifpk =opa=w;vsEidk if H =opa=w;vsEidk if H

=opa=w;vsEidk if H

rauG;wkid ;f &ckid jf ynfe,f

& trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf &ckid 'f rD u

xkdif;EkdifiH xkdif;EkdifiH

{&m0wDwkdif; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 23-3-1994 &ufwGif jynfwGif; okd@ jyefoGm;cJhonf? u,m;jynfe,f wkdif;&if;om;pnf; vkH;nD!Gwf xkdif;EkdifiH a&;ygwD

{&m0wDwkdif; {&m0wDwkdif; {&m0wDwkdif;

&Srf;jynfe,f

tar&duefjynfaxmifpk

xkdif;EkdifiH xkdif;EkdifiH

tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif a&muf&SdaexkdifI EkdifiHa&;tzG@J tpnfrsm;ESifh qufoG,fr_r&Syd g? aemfa0EkdifiH

tdENd,EkdifiH

=opa=w;vsEidk if H tar&duefjynfaxmifpk

16-06-1990 19-05-1998

jrpf}uD;em; (1)/ ucsijf ynfe,f jrpf}uD;em; (2)/ ucsijf ynfe,f rHpD/ ucsijf ynfe,f a¶$ul/ ucsijf ynfe,f wEdik ;f / ucsijf ynfe,f umrdik ;f / ucsijf ynfe,f qGrfy&mbGrf/ ucsijf ynfe,f z¶lq/kd u,m;jynfe,f vdi_ ;f bG@J (1)/ u&ifjynfe,f =umtif;qdy}f uD; (1)/ u&ifjynfe,f

u,m;jynfe,f? 1? OD;apmOD;&,f u&ifjynfe,f 1? OD;apmxGe;f az 2? OD;vSarmif

27-11-2003

12-07-2005

06-01-2004

uG,v f eG o f nfah e@

rJqENe,f

u&ifjynfe,ftrsK;d om;rsm;tzG@J csKyf rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsijf ynfe,ftrsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf?

ud, k pf m;jyKygwt D zG@J tpnf;

1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG af ¶G;aumufwifajr mufjcif;cHc&hJ +yD; ,cktcg uG,v f eG o f mG ;=u+yDjzpfonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;?

rif;vS m;u| e;f ef; m;u| ykyk?À

tdrfrJ (2) zmaqmif;

t*Fyl (1) t*Fyl (2) tdrfrJ (1)

rkid ;f ysif;

rkdif; ?_¶_;;

qdyfurf; z,fckH

1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234

pOf trnf ucsifjynfe,f? 1? OD;jrarmif 2? OD;OD;Aspw f ;l 3? OD;a*stefaemfvm 4? a':pdefwif 5? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif 6? OD;wifjrifh 7? OD;aZmftdef

43 OD;cspfwif 44 OD;atmifxGef;pdef

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

&efukefwkdif;

c&rf; (1)

&Srf;jynfe,f

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

&ckdifjynfe,f

oHwGJ

&ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf

&ckdifjynfe,f

&aohawmif (2)

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

rEWav;wkdif; rGejf ynfe,f

rEWav; bD;vif; (1)

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

v_dif;bGJ@ (1)/ u&ifjynfe,f zvrf; (1)/ csi;f jynfe,f ppfuikd ;f (1)/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f qm;vif;}uD; (2)/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f azmif;jyif/ ppfudkif;wdkif; bkwvif (2)/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f rif;uif;/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a&OD; (2)/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f acsmif;OD;/ ppfudkif;wdkif; uav;0/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f v[,f/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f Aef;armuf/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f rH¶k Gm (1)/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f uav; (2)/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f u|e;f pk/ weoFm&Dwikd ;f xm;0,f (1)/ weoFm&Dwikd ;f avmif;vHk (1)/ weoFm&Dwikd ;f

u0 (2)/ yJc;l wdik ;f ausmufwcH g;(2)/ yJc;l wdik ;f 'ku d Of ;D (2)/ yJc;l wdik ;f rdk;ndK (1)/ yJcl;wdkif; oJuek ;f (1)/ yJc;l wdik ;f tkwfzdk (2)/ yJcl;wdkif; ZD;uke;f / yJc;l wdik ;f rd;k ndK (2)/ yJc;l wdik ;f om,m0wD (1)/ yJc;l wdik ;f jynf (2)/ yJc;l wdik ;f acsmuf (2)/ rauG;wdkif; apwkw&W m/ rauG;wdik ;f xD;vif;/ rauG;wdik ;f *ef@a*g/ rauG;wdkif; ayguf (1)/ rauG;wdkif; anmifOD; (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif; anmifOD; (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; wHwm;OD; (1)/ rE aW v;wdik ;f

3? OD;apmxGef;vGif csif;jynfe,f? 1? OD;pDauwdu k u f v JG f ppfudkif;wdkif;? 1? OD;pd;k odr;f 2? OD;pdef&H 3? OD;atmifaomif; 4? OD;cifarmifat; 5? OD;bdk 6? OD;0if;udk 7? OD;tHh=unf 8? OD;wifarmif 9? OD;cyd;k udik v f kH 10? OD;b+idrf; 11? OD;=unfp;kd 12? a'guw f mode;f 0if;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf weoFm&Dwdkif;? 1? OD;cifarmifOD; 2? OD;pdk;nGef@ 3? OD;vSaz

yJcl;wdkif;? 1? OD;jrav; 2? OD;armifarmif}uD; 3? OD;pdex f Ge;f 4? OD;vSatmif 5? OD;at; 6? OD;omarmif 7? OD;pHwif 8? OD;xGe;f a¶$ 9? OD;pH0if; 10? OD;aomif;pdef

571 572 rauG;wdkif;? 1? a'gufwmOD;!Gef@pdef 2? OD;tHh=unf 3? OD;apm0if; (c) OD;ausmfaZmvif; 4? OD;atmifxl; 5? OD;cifarmif=unf rE Wav;wdkif;? 1? OD;csKd 2? OD;azwif 3? OD;{&m

08-03-2002

1996 2000 07-08-1998 26-02-2004 02-01-2005

15-04-2002 04-02-2002 22-10-2003 2006

15-07-1995 08-02-1991 03-05-1992

10-11-1991 20-01-2005

05-09-1992 29-07-2004 15-3-2006

05-09-1992 16-07-2003 28-02-1993

10-12-2000

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygwD trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

csif;trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

wHwm;OD; (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; awmifom (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif; aysmfbG,f (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; jyifOD;vGif (1)/ rE aW v;wdik ;f rwW&m (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif; taemufajrmuf (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; ta&S@ajrmuf (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; oydwu f si;f / rE aW v;wdik ;f rdwÎDvm (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif; ysOf;rem; (1)/ rE Wav;wdkif; &rnf;oif; (1)/ rE aW v;wdik ;f tr&yl& (2)/ rE Wav;wdkif; usKu d rf a&m (2)/ rGejf ynfe,f rk'kH (1)/ rGejf ynfe,f ajrmufOD; (2)/ &cdkifjynfe,f armifawm (2)/ &cdkifjynfe,f udu k ;kd u|e;f / &efuek w f ikd ;f

c&rf; (2)/ &efukefwdkif; wdu k }f uD; (1)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f xef;wyif/ &efuek w f ikd ;f '*Hòk rd opf/ &efuek w f ikd ;f 'v/ &efuek w f ikd ;f vdi_ f (1)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f vdi_ f (2)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f vdi_ o f m,m/ &efuek w f ikd ;f vrf;rawmf/ &efuek w f ikd ;f omauw (2)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f oCFe;f u|e;f (2)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f oHv#if (2)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f tvH/k &efuek w f ikd ;f urm&Gw/f &efuek w f ikd ;f A[ef; (2)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f vSn;f ul; (1)/ &efuek w f ikd ;f '*H/k &efuek w f ikd ;f aus;oD;/ &Sr;f jynfe,f uGwcf ikd f (1)/ &Sr;f jynfe,f erRw/l &Sr;f jynfe,f yif;w,/ &Sr;f jynfe,f

4? OD;oef;eD 5? OD;cspfcdkif 6? OD;vSaz 7? OD;vSapmOD; 8? a'gufwm-atmifa0 9? OD;atmifpdk; 10? OD;wifat; 11? OD;armf 12? OD;armifarmifjrifh 13? OD;wifhvGif 14? OD;armifarmifjrifh 15? OD;bbGm;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf rGefjynfe,f? 1? Edik cf ifarmif 2? a':wifapmOD; &cdkifjynfe,f? 1? OD;atmifvSZH 2? OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf &efukefwdkif;? 1? OD;vSoef;

2? OD;wifarmif0if; 3? OD;vSxeG ;f 4? OD;wifuu kd kd 5? OD;xGef;tkH 6? OD;pde0f if; 7? Adv k rf ;ª }uD;a[mif;armifa&$ 8? OD;apmjrode;f 9? OD;oef;ºuG,f 10? OD;aeOD; 11? OD;tkef;jrifh 12? OD;jrifo h ed ;f 13? OD;oef;0if; 14? a':pef;pef;0if; 15? OD;0ef 16? OD;=unfarmif 17? OD;apmausmfpdef 18? OD;atmifaZmf

573 574 &Srf;jynfe,f? 1? OD;xGef;wif 2? OD;cGeq f ikd ;f 3? a':aròzd; 4? OD;atmifoef;

06-11-2002

07-09-1992

20-01-1999 07-06-2000 15-08-2004 19-08-2004 07-11-2004 18-11-2005

28-11-2001 2002

30-05-1999 18-07-2002 23-08-2002 04-12-2001 21-08-1992

18-01-1991

02-08-1996

30-07-1993 08-07-1992

29-09-2002 14-03-1997

05-03-2005

02-01-1994 05-07-1991 22-03-2003

18-07-1993 16-06-1993 29-06-1998 07-03-2002

&Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&;'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD

rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf; 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf

cifausmf[ef pkpnf;ðypkwifjyonf ZvGef (2)/ {&m0wDwikd ;f armfv+rdKifu|ef; (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif; av;rsufESm (1)/ {&m0wDwikd ;f omaygif; (1)/ {&m0wDwdkif; ykord t f aemuf (2)/ {&m0wDwikd ;f 0g;c,fr (1)/ {&m0wDwdkif; jrefatmif (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif; 0g;c,fr (2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;

{&m0wDwdkif;? 1? t+idr;f pm;Adv k rf ;ª }uD; =unf0if; 2? OD;wifvS 3? OD;pDarmif 4? OD;vSjrifh 5? OD;ausmrf if; 6? OD;wifatmif 7? OD;jrifo h ed ;f 8? Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0 (t+idrf;pm;) 01-07-1999 1998 06-03-2004

30-01-1991

11-10-1995

26-09-1990 11-10-1994 19-04-1991 22-02-2005 trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD

&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &Srf;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

rSwfcsuf? ? pkaqmif;&or#pm&if;omjzpfygonf? xdk@xufta&twGufydkEdkifygonf?

yifavmif; (2)/ &Srf;jynfe,f rd;k rdw/f &Sr;f jynfe,f rdik ;f wH/k &Sr;f jynfe,f erfch rf;/ &Sr;f jynfe,f

5? OD;p0fomwifh 6? a'gufwmtkef;armif 7? OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef 8? OD;pdkif;omat;

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG rSww f rf;

575