GLOSSARY coefficients: the numbers
placed before the reactants and products in a chemical equation so that the number of atoms in the products on the right side of the equation are equal to the number of atoms in the reactants on the left side.
combustion: a chemical reaction that produces heat and light.
composition: the ingredients in a mixture or substance. compound: a pure substance
made of two or more elements in specific proportions.
compress: to press or
squeeze something so that it fits into a smaller space.
concentration: the volume
crystal lattice: the structure in which ions or atoms are stacked in regular patterns to form a crystal.
electron: a negatively
data: information often given in the form of numbers.
element: a substance that
decomposition: a chemical reaction where larger molecules break into smaller molecules.
endothermic: a reaction that
density: the amount of
enzymes: catalysts in biochemical reactions.
matter in a give space, or mass divided by volume.
deposition: the process in which a gas directly becomes a solid, without becoming a liquid first.
dilution: the process of adding solvent to a solution to reduce its concentration of solute.
of an ingredient divided by the total volume of a mixture.
dissolve: to break up or be absorbed by a solvent.
condensation: the process in
distillation: the process
which a gas becomes a liquid.
conductivity: the ability
to allow electricity to flow through a substance.
conversion factor: a number used to multiply or divide a quantity when converting from one system of units to another.
covalent bond: a type of bond
that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms.
covalent compound: a
compound that is created when two or more atoms are held together using covalent bonds.
of heating a mixture of materials to separate them.
electrical charge: a property of matter. Protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge.
electrochemistry: the
study of electricity and how it relates to chemical reactions.
electrode: the place where oxidation or deduction occurs in a voltaic cell. electrolyte: a compound that,
when dissolved in water, causes water to conduct electricity.
electron configuration:
a list of orbitals that hold an atom’s electrons.
charged particle that is found in orbitals outside the nucleus of an atom. cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
needs energy to take place.
equilibrium: the point
at which the products and the reactants of a chemical reaction have stabilized and the rates of forward and backward reactions are the same.
evaporation: the process in which a liquid becomes a gas. exothermic: a reaction that generates energy in the form of heat.
experimental error:
the difference between a measurement and the true value.
extract: to remove or take out by effort or force.
factor label method: a
way to convert units from one type to another using a conversion factor.
ferment: to go through a
chemical change that results in the creation of alcohol.
flame test: a test used to detect the presence of certain metal ions.
GLOSSARY
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