9-11 Anniversary

Submitted photo

A flag containing the names of those killed in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks on display inside the 9/11 chapel at the Pentagon.

9 II 10 YEARS LATER Shockwaves from the Sept. 11 terror attacks continue to resonate within southwest Iowa, American psyche

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IMAGES WE REMEMBER

BEING THERE

NEIGHBORS REFLECT

LOSING MIKE

ADDRESSING OUR RISKS

EFFECTS IN ARTS, CULTURE

Lenses shield photographers as they capture history

Southwest Iowa natives recall being near the attacks

Readers, city and national officials reflect on how fateful day affected them

10 years later, Tinley family still feels the loss

How much have security, safety procedures changed locally?

A decade later, American culture is still grappling with life after Sept. 11

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9/11 ANNIVERSARY

2C Sunday, September 11, 2011

The Daily Nonpareil

The images we remember Lenses shield 9/11 photogs as they capture history THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

People look at some news photos shot on Sept. 11, 2001, and wonder how those who took them could bear to keep working in the face of such tragedy.

Richard Drew said his lens acts as a filter: “The things are happening over there, on the other side.”

Another Associated Press photographer, the late Marty Lederhandler, put it this way: “I let the camera absorb all the disaster or the sadness of an event. It protects ME from the event.”

For AP photographers working on Sept. 11, none knew the big picture of what was going on. All knew only what was happening right before their eyes, that it was part of something huge, and that it was their job to record it.

Five whose images of that day became iconic discussed how the photos came about, how endless hours of shooting sporting events, news conferences and everything in between helped prepare them for moments no one could ever have anticipated, and how their lenses helped shield them from the fears – and tears – that would come later. ***** After 65 years with the AP, Marty Lederhandler had pretty much seen and done it all.

In 1937, a year after joining the wire service, he’d helped cover the Hindenburg disaster.

Seven years later, Lt. Lederhandler waded ashore at Utah Beach on D-Day, two carrier pigeons stowed safely in his bag to wing his undeveloped film back across the English Channel.

On Sept. 11, Lederhandler knew the real story was downtown. But he also knew that his 84-year-old legs wouldn’t carry him that far.

He’d covered plenty of fires and explosions. When he couldn’t get to the scene, he’d talk his way into someone’s apartment and onto the fire escape – anything to get the angle. “You go behind. You go in back. You go up high,” he said in a 2006 interview.

Up high! He grabbed his camera and some long lenses, and headed across Rockefeller Plaza, where AP was then based, to the GE Building – now better known as 30 Rock.

(AP photo editor Rich Kareckas had suggested going there.)

Lederhandler took the elevator to the 65th floor: the Rainbow Room. Except for waiters setting tables, the place was empty. He marched up to the big window, which offered stunning views of the Empire State Building and the burning twin towers beyond, and began shooting.

After about a half hour, the order came to evacuate. “They didn’t know what building was going to be hit next,” he recalled.

The frame chosen from his many exposures was shot tight enough to show the massive heft of the towers, the city’s tallest skyscrapers, but wide enough to firmly place them in the crowded Manhattan skyline. Of course, Lederhandler had no way of knowing that, by day’s end, the Empire State Building would once more dominate that skyline.

He spent the rest of the day helping edit images brought in by freelancers and ordinary citizens.

“The only other story that compares to this is D-Day,” he said.

Lederhandler retired three months later. He died last year at 92. ***** For Richard Drew, the second week in September always meant just one thing: Fall Fashion Week.

After 35 years in the business, he still looked forward to the twice-yearly fashion show as part of the “diversity of my job” as a New York-based AP photographer. Drew, who shared in the 1993 Pulitzer

Prize, had long since learned there was no such thing as a routine assignment.

As a 21-year-old shooter for the Pasadena IndependentStar News, Drew was at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles on June 5, 1968, where Robert Kennedy, fresh from winning the California Democratic presidential primary, was shot. Drew was one of only four photographers to capture Kennedy’s last moments.

On Sept. 11, Drew was perched on a riser at the end of the runway, waiting for the fashion show to begin, when his cell phone rang.

“A plane’s hit the World Trade Center,” photo editor Barbara Woike said.

Drew rushed to the subway and took the No. 2 train to Chambers Street. Emerging from underground, he could see smoke now billowing from both towers. He took up a position near a line of ambulances to wait for casualties when suddenly a paramedic shouted, “Look! There’s people coming out of the World Trade Center.”

But she wasn’t pointing down the street. She was pointing up.

“I just sort of clicked into automatic pilot,” Drew recalled, “and started taking pictures of the people falling out of the building.”

There is a cruel mechanics to capturing such tragedy, and the camera became his filter.

The bodies tumbling from the towers were moving very fast, and he worked to keep them in focus.

When he downloaded his images, one stood out: A man in black pants and a white jacket, one leg bent as he plummeted headfirst. It would become known simply as “The Falling Man.” To Drew, it was not a violent image, despite the inherent horror. It was “a very quiet, peaceful moment.”

The photo would launch a quest to discover the doomed man’s identity – and a public debate about whether such intimate moments should be off-limits. Of all the images from that day, it is one of the least often republished.

Drew thinks he knows why: “I think people react to it, because they can relate to that it might be them.” ***** Sept. 11 started out for photographer Doug Mills like most days covering President George W. Bush on the road.

Wake up before dawn, and go for a run. This day, it was at a golf course in Sarasota, Fla. Then back to the hotel for a quick shower and off to the day’s first event – a visit with kids at Emma E. Booker Elementary School.

The motorcade was en route when Mills overheard snatches of a deputy press secretary’s cell phone conversation. By the time they reached the school, they knew that a plane – no idea how big – had hit a New York building – no idea which one.

Mills and the other journalists were herded to the back of the classroom. Mills began shooting wide, to capture the president and the children arrayed in front of him.

About five minutes into the event, the classroom door opened, and White House chief of staff Andy Card stepped inside. Mills’ antennae immediately went up: Card almost never attended events like this.

Making eye contact, Mills mouthed, “What’s going on?”

Card merely held up two fingers.

“We had NO idea at the time what that meant,” says Mills.

“So, like, ‘Two minutes, we’re leaving?’ ... Or, ‘I’m going to talk to him in two minutes.’ ...”

Mills sensed that Card was waiting for the right moment to go up to the president. He quickly switched to a longer lens, and prepared to zoom in tight on Bush.

After a few moments, Card walked to the front of the room, leaned in and whispered some-

AP

Top, people run from the collapse of one of the twin towers of New York’s World Trade Center in this Sept. 11, 2001, file photo. Above, Brooklyn firefighters George Johnson, left, Dan McWilliams, center, and Billy Eisengrein, right, raise a flag at the World Trade Center in New York on Sept. 11, 2001. The photo has appeared on T-shirts, buttons and Christmas ornaments. Many consider it this century’s Iwo Jima image, recalling the famous 1945 Associated Press photograph of six American fighting men struggling to raise the flag on Mount Suribachi during World War II. thing into Bush’s right ear. The president’s face went blank.

Soon afterward, as the motorcade raced to the airport, Mills edited and sent his images. The classroom event was not televised live, so the AP photo desk grilled Mills about the president’s reaction – his words, his facial expressions. When they asked what Card was telling Bush, for the caption, Mills could only say that it was about the planes hitting the twin towers.

“Great job, kid,” he remembers AP Washington photo editor Bob Daugherty telling him.

It was only after they boarded Air Force One and began watching CNN that the full import of that morning’s event came into focus. A classroom visit that had started out as a routine “photo-op” was now a moment in history.

“If the attacks had happened while we were at the White House,” Mills says, “we would have not been there when Andy Card walked into the Oval Office and told the president.”

Later, Mills asked Card what exactly he’d whispered into Bush’s ear.

“Mr. President,” Card said, “a second aircraft has hit the World Trade Center. America’s under attack.”

“When I hear those words,” says Mills, who went to work for the New York Times in 2002, “and when I even say them myself, I get chills.”

***** Ohio-based AP national photographer Amy Sancetta was in New York City to cover her 10th U.S. Open tennis tournament. She’d spent the week breaking in a pair of brandnew, super-fast Nikon D1H cameras, and was looking forward to some free time.

Sancetta was kneeling on her hotel room floor, stowing her new cameras, when her phone rang. The desk had a report that a plane might have hit one of the World Trade Center towers and asked her to head there.

Her first thought was, “Oh, great. Some guy has driven his little twin-engine plane into the trade center, and it’s going to take up my whole day off in the city.”

She caught a cab and rode down Broadway until a police barricade stopped her from going farther. By then, the second tower was already smoking. The buildings must be packed, she thought. She got

out her 80-200 mm zoom lens and began scanning the rows of windows of the south tower for faces.

Suddenly, she heard a thunderous rumbling. She watched through her lens as the tower’s top “kind of cracked and started to fall in on itself.”

She could squeeze off only about a half-dozen frames before the tower disappeared.

With her subject gone, Sancetta’s sports shooter instincts kicked in. When covering a basketball game, it’s long lens for the far court, short lens for the near court. She whipped out her other camera with its 14 mm, wide-angle lens and began firing away.

People were rushing past, buffeting her as they ran pellmell from the rising debris cloud. As the camera whirred and clicked, her mind raced. “I hope my straight ups and downs are straight up and down.”

The D1H had a 40-frame buffer, after which the camera would freeze so it could reacquire the images. As she waited, Sancetta suddenly realized that the debris cloud was about to overtake her, and she turned to run. Hurtling down the street, her thought was, “Jeez! If I get hit by that cloud, it’s going to ruin my beautiful new cameras.”

She ran about half a block, then turned into a parking garage – just as the cloud whooshed past.

When she finally emerged, she stepped into what looked like a “winter wonderland of debris.” She began picking her way back toward the trade center, shooting as she went.

When she heard a second rumble, she lowered her camera and ran.

At last, she reached the office and was able to see what she had: the beginning of the south tower’s end.

And her straight ups and downs were straight up and down. ***** Gulnara Samoilova’s shift in the AP photo library didn’t start until noon, and she normally slept late. But this day the wail of sirens woke her.

“It just went on and on and on,” recalls Samoilova, a native of the Russian Republic of Bashkortostan.

She turned on the TV and was watching at 9:03, when the second plane struck.

Samoilova’s apartment was just four blocks from the World

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Trade Center. She grabbed her camera and a handful of film, and headed into the street.

Entering the south tower, she quickly decided the scene was too chaotic to shoot, and retreated.

Back outside, she was standing right beneath the south tower, its smoking bulk filling her 85 mm lens. She saw the tower begin to crumble and got off one more shot before someone nearby screamed, “RUN!” The force of the collapse “was like a mini-earthquake,” knocking her off her feet. People began trampling her.

“I was afraid I would die right there,” the 46-year-old photographer says. She got up just as the cloud was about to envelop her. She dove behind a car and crouched.

Like “a strong wind,” the storm of debris rocked the car, filling her eyes, mouth, nose and ears.

“It was very dark and silent,” she says. “I thought I was buried alive.”

Suddenly, she could hear the fluttering of thousands of pieces of paper. Her sight returned. She had survived.

She changed film and lenses, and as she looked down Fulton Street, other survivors began limping out of the mist.

She stepped out from behind the car and began shooting.

In the most powerful image from that sequence, a line of about a dozen people fills the frame. One man holds a jacket over his mouth, while the woman next to him tries to brush debris out of her hair.

“I love that photo,” Samoilova says. “To me, it looks like a sculpture. Like, frozen.”

She was shooting in black and white. People have asked her if she wishes that photo had been in color.

“It wouldn’t matter even,” she replies. “They were all covered in dust – the gray dust.”

When it was over, Samoilova went back to work in the library. Often after Sept.

11, her job involved going through AP’s photos from that day.

“I was crying almost daily.”

Eventually, it became too much. Samoilova left the AP in 2003.

Now, she runs her own photo studio, focusing mostly on documentary-style wedding shoots.

“I love weddings,” she says.

“I get to be part of the happiest days of people’s lives.”

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9/11 ANNIVERSARY

The Daily Nonpareil

Sunday, September 11, 2011 3C

Memories of those close to the attacks MIKE BROWNLEE

New York City recovered she said, like she knew it would.

Markel recalled going to the first New York Yankee baseball home game since the attacks, in late September.

“There was a palpable sadness, but there was also a sense that things would be normal again. The Yankees were home again. Security was really tight, but people were showing up for the game,” she said. “I remembered the lady a row in front of us who shouted in frustration, ‘C’mon Yankees! You’re playing like the Mets.’ It was clear that New York would be OK.” The years that followed 9/11 leave Markel with mixed feelings. Of course, there is pride in New York for recovering and in the way all of America rallied together in the aftermath.

“The country was united, partisan politics were put aside and our allies rallied behind us.

Our ‘better angels’ were at work during that time,” she said. “On the other hand, in the years that followed we squandered a lot of blood and treasure. We relinquished some of our personal freedoms because we were scared.”

Iowa Republican Rep. Mary Ann Hanusa, of Council Bluffs, worked in the Bush administration for seven years, settling into her office in the West Wing of the White House in March 2001. On the fateful day she was working in her office, the TV off, when a coworker told her to turn it on, that a plane

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Loren Knauss spent more than three weeks at Ground Zero shortly after the attacks on Sept. 11, 2001.

In New York City as part of a Red Cross safety and security team, Knauss spent a lot of his time there speaking – mostly listening – to family members looking for loved ones and first responders looking for their colleagues.

“Every conversation was impressed in my mind, all are still vivid in my mind,” he said.

Knauss, a longtime Red Cross volunteer, arrived in early October to a city with debris higher than buildings in Council Bluffs, full of people looking for answers and finding none. When they learned he was from out of town, out of state, they opened up.

“They knew they’d never see me again and I wouldn’t judge,” Knauss said. “They just started talking, letting it out.”

Knauss called many of the stories “haunting.” People speaking about those who jumped out of the World Trade Center in lieu of falling with the building to the ground, were the most harrowing.

“Those were the toughest conversations,” he said.

On Sept. 11, Knauss was about to leave the house for his shift with the Council Bluffs Police Department – he’s since retired and is now a Pottawattamie County Supervisor – when his wife called, shock in her voice. He turned on the television, the first plane had already struck the World Trade Center, and he saw the second plane fly into the towers.

A day later, the Red Cross called asking Knauss to help.

Knauss said he still remembers the first day at Ground Zero.

“It becomes more vivid in my mind as the years go on,” he said.

Debris from the wreckage stood higher than buildings in Council Bluffs, he recalled.

“It didn’t seem real,” Knauss said. “I think all of us there buried a lot. It was so big you couldn’t process what was going on and do your job. It’s taken me years to process what I saw.

I still don’t think I’m done with it.”

Jeff Ballenger was on a plane from Omaha to Washington, D.C. on the morning of Sept. 11. A man about four rows in front of him told passengers he’d looked out the window and, “saw a plane ‘hot-dogging’ (showing off) near the Pentagon. And said he saw a flash,” Ballenger said.

“Honestly, we thought he was drunk,” Ballenger said.

Ballenger, owner of Jeff’s Gorilla Wash and a former Congressional candidate, was in Washington for a fundraiser for a friend’s child and after landing at Dulles International Airport (his flight was rerouted from landing at Reagan International Airport) he took a cab to Capitol Hill. On the drive, he saw the Pentagon, with a plane sticking out the side and black smoke billowing.

“It was unbelievable,” he said.

Katrina Markel, a Glenwood native, open-enrolled to attend Abraham Lincoln High School, graduating in 1994. She left her small town to attend New York University, a trek that took her to a city she loves.

On Sept. 11, 2001 she was living in Weehawken, N.J., just on the other side of the Hudson River across from New York.

Markel woke up and groggily watched early coverage of the event.

“First plane had just hit, they thought it was some minor accident,” she said. “I saw the second plane hit on the news. I then got my roommate up, but at that point we still didn’t understand what was going on, there was a haze of waking up.”

The pair stayed glued to the television, following the events.

“Even though we were there, I watched a lot of it on TV like everyone else,” Markel said.

After the Twin Towers collapsed, Markel left her apartment and went to a nearby cliff on the banks of the Hudson River. From the mount, she could see the New York City skyline and stood in silent shock with a group of others who’d gathered.

had hit the World Trade Center.

“There was no urgency in her voice at the time,” Hanusa said. “At that time we were still wondering, ‘Was it pilot error?

What happened?’”

She went back to her work, but a while later a woman came running down the hallway. “‘The Pentagon’s just been hit’ the woman said. ‘We’re under attack,’” Hanusa said.

The Secret Service issued an evacuation in the White House and Hanusa and colleagues began to shuffle out. As she exited the nearest door, a Secret Service agent told the crowd, “‘You need to run. Get two blocks away from the (nearby Lafayette) park.’” While running, Hanusa heard warning sirens sounding in the nation’s capital.

“I remember thinking to myself, ‘Maybe this is how I’m going to die,’” Hanusa said. “We didn’t know how this was going to go, what would happen next.”

Traffic jams enveloped Washington, D.C. soon after as area businesses released their employees. Hanusa recalled passersby gathering around cars to listen to radio reports about the attacks.

She eventually made it to her apartment in Arlington, Va., before returning to the area that night to get her car she’d left it at the White House.

Washington, D.C. was a ghost town, she said.

“It’s a day I won’t forget,” Hanusa said.

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Top, Pottawattamie County supervisor Loren Knauss holds up his American Red Cross security clearance badge that allowed him full access to Ground Zero after 9/11. Below at right, Jeff Ballenger flew over Washington, D.C., as American Airlines flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon on Sept. 11, 2001.

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Katrina Markel stands with her husband, Paul. Markel, a Glenwood native and Abraham Lincoln High School graduate, was living in Weehawken, N.J., across the Hudson River from New York City, on Sept. 11, 2001.

In the ensuing days, Markel recalled heading to Manhattan to volunteer, where “people were willing to help, but there wasn’t a lot for us to do.”

New York City was eerily quiet.

“Cabs weren’t even honking their horns,” Markel said.

The quiet was interrupted often, however, by wave after wave of fire trucks, sirens sounding, driving by. Fighter

jets sped past overhead.

Markel said she attended a Catholic Mass for the first time in years on the National Day of Prayer that followed the attacks and remembered the congregation singing “America the Beautiful.”

“Complete strangers hugging each other, people crying.

It’s strange what a tragedy will do to a community of people,” she said.

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4C Sunday, September 11, 2011

The Daily Nonpareil

How 9/11 impacted our neighbors Daily Nonpareil readers reflect on what the anniversary means to them

in this area, I see a lot of planes and so I am always looking toward the sky.

That day changed America forever and I am thankful for our military that are giving the ultimate sacrifice for us and our freedom. I love my country and would never live anywhere else in the world!!!

Rosemary Richards

To remember this day still brings tears to my eyes. I was teaching at Lewis & Clark Elementary in Council Bluffs. I am a vocal music teacher and have always made teaching patriotic songs a high priority. As I was preparing for that day, in my lesson plans I had already planned to teach “God Bless America” at all grade levels. Before my teaching day began, I heard the news about both planes hitting the World Trade Center. My first thought was: “I can’t possibly teach that song, not today.” My next thought was: “There is absolutely no way for me NOT to teach it!” I did it, over and over that day – grades 1-6 ... many times with tears in my eyes and a huge prayer in my heart. It was my hardest day of teaching ever as I realized that the precious children sitting before me were facing a world much different than what they had awoken to. Always in the back of my mind the thought, our world has been changed.

Paulette Woellhof (retired Council Bluffs teacher)

***** Just a reminder, 9/11 affected us directly in Iowa than the Little Sioux Scout Ranch was hit directly by a F4 tornado. My son was one of the boys at the camp and the firefighters, remembering how the U.S. and Iowa showed our support, came to the camp to help rebuild and erect an open air chapel on the site of the destroyed cabin.

Mark Bowerman ***** I remember that day like it was yesterday. I was at work. Some guy was listening to the radio and said that a plane hit one of the Twin Towers. I went into the break room to watch it on TV, and I stood there watching until it was over. I was numb when the first tower fell, and I cried hysterically when the second tower fell.

My 10-year-old daughter asked me yesterday if I could remember that day. I told her, “By golly how could I forget?” So now for the 10-year anniversary of 9/11, I’m going to sit down with my daughter and watch some of the documentaries on television. It still makes me emotional.

Teresa Woods

***** September 11, 2001, changed my life forever.

As part of a dance group, we traveled to New York City to participate in the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. After rehearsing on Tuesday, we went up to the Empire State Building, smoke was still pilling up like it had just happened. On Wednesday we had a free day so we went down to the site of the tragedy. People all around had masks and scarves covering their nose and mouths. The smell was overpowering, you just knew that it was the smell of death.

There were big yellow tubes that were like 12 feet tall that were directing the smoke away from the center of the mess so that the search could continue. As we were looking at all the destruction and damage, for example big rocks lodged in windows without a crack around the rock, an Army Officer looked right at me and says, “Remember everything you see, hear and smell and never, ever forget.” I will always remember this and take it to heart and to never take anything for granted, because you never know when tomorrow will be YOUR last or someone that you love.

Natalie Honey Creek

*****

AP

What is left of the south tower of the World Trade Center stands like a tombstone in this Associated Press file photo taken Sept. 25, 2011, amid the devastation caused by the terrorist attack.

***** My name is Kenneth J. Koehler and my wife and I live in Treynor. I am retired from Union Pacific Railroad; active in Treynor Legion Post 725 after serving in the US Army in 1953-1955 stationed at SHAPE Headquarters in Paris, France; have served as mayor of Treynor for 16 years; and a disaster volunteer for the American Red Cross since 1990 and have been deployed to 44 national disasters, including two three-week assignments in New York City after the 9/11 attack on our country.

What happened that morning verified in my mind that we have been much too lax on controlling who can come into our great country and why they are granted that RIGHT. I can’t believe that even after that tragic event we haven’t done much of anything to correct the problem. Osama said that he was going to destroy the economy of our great country and look at our economy today.

HOW DID IT IMPACT MY LIFE? My first assignment in New York with the Red Cross was working as a manager in the ICT Center, which stood for Integrated Care Team, working with the families of those people who were either killed, missing or long-term hospitalized.

A team of a mental health professional, a health nurse and a family-service worker would contact the family and work with them to help meet their needs and assist them in their recovery. My job was to report the cost of that assistance each day to National Red Cross, and for the job to date, and maintain the security of the information and secure the files in a vault. My future assignments during my six weeks of deployment in New York involved similar reporting of the cost of assistance to the thousands of people affected by this senseless act of hate for those of another religion or culture.

The result of what was done on that day will always affect the lives of the people of this great nation. God Bless the USA. Kenneth J. Koehler Treynor ***** 9/11 changed me in one major way – it showed me like nothing else could of the errors of being a politically-correct, left-leaning Democrat and fasttracked me onto the road of becoming a politically-

INcorrect, right-leaning Republican. It was as if I had experienced a personal/political epiphany similar to the one wrestler-turned actor – “rowdy” Roddy Piper experienced in the sci-fi film “They Live.” It was then that I first began to question the entire liberal social agenda for what it was – a manufactured falsehood.

Greg Casady Council Bluffs

***** After 9/11, I realize how precious life is and how in an instant it can change. I am now more free with the words “I love you” because you never know when or if that could be the last time you see that person. I don’t take life for granted and have started living more healthy and getting regular doctor care. Even if the doctor tells me something I don’t want to hear, I take it seriously and try to make changes.

The other thing that has changed for me is I always look up at the airplanes and say a silent prayer for the people on board, which is something I never even thought of before 9/11. Living

TIM ROHWER Certain historical events need no memory jogging.

People everywhere can immediately remember where they were, what they were doing on the morning of Sept.

11, 2001 – just like older individuals who experienced President Kennedy’s assassination.

Council Bluffs Mayor Tom Hanafan remembers what he was doing on those two days and where he was. Incidentally, it involved the same location.

As a local high school student on Nov. 22, 1963, Hanafan and classmates went to Holy Family Catholic Church to pray for the fallen president. And, on 9/11?

“I had to attend a funeral that day at Holy Family, the same church,” he said.

The basic facts on what happened that day a decade ago are known by all. But what about the inner feelings people have experienced since then?

Did it change them in any way?

Have they observed changes in society?

Council Bluffs City Council-

man Matt Walsh said he believes there’s been an improvement on attitudes toward those in the military.

“One of the things I see differently since 9/11 is the way veterans are treated, as opposed to Vietnam veterans,” he said. “Veterans now are treated with more respect and appreciation.”

Not everything, though, has changed for the better, pointed out Hanafan. Before 9/11, for example, if an irrational person walked through a city building, employees might seek to know who that individual was and what help might be needed, Hanafan said. Nowadays, there’s an immediate belief that person may seek to do harm to others, he added.

“There’s more of a fear now,” he said.

Iowa Sen. Tom Harkin said the tragedy of 9/11 was compounded by a poor policy for the war on terror from then-President George Bush. Instead of seeking help from other nations and forming a closer friendship with Muslim countries, Bush decided to go it alone, Harkin

***** 9/11 is a sad day for my family that was 11 years before this 9/11. It was the day our mother, Loretta Smith from Macedonia, passed away. We now have two things to think about on 9/11.

Scott Smith Hudson, Colo., on Facebook ***** 9/11 was the catalyst for change in my life and for bringing the love of my life and I back together. After hearing many of the stories of loved ones final 9/11 phone calls, I realized that a great deal was missing from my marriage and sent a letter reaching out to the man I could never forget. I discovered he felt the same and had never forgotten me either. We’ve been back together now for nearly 10 years and every day I thank my lucky stars that he’s in my life. I loved the boy when I was 19 and I’m in love with the amazing man he has become.

Peggy Jo McMartin Karstens on Facebook

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I was at work in a preschool here in Virginia Beach. Va. when the trade center was attacked.

As we watched the news through tears, we worried about my boss’ family that were working in the buildings. I kept thinking “Why would anyone do such a terrible thing?” I never thought of anyone with such anger until that day. Now I have a subtle fear of foreign people, a lack of trust and I become annoyed easily at their beliefs. I will never understand why any country or group of people would do such a thing to a country that so willingly help anyone in need. We go to places to free the captive, restore peace, and provide food, care and medicine to those in need.

I pray that God will do a beautiful work in all of those who have suffered because of that day.

As I said, I live in Virginia Beach, Va., but I was born in Jennie Edmondson in Council Bluffs.

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Walsh

said. There were Muslim countries sympathetic to the tragedy, he said.

“It bears repeating that there were parades in Iran for our side,” Harkin said. “They made overtures to us and we brushed them aside.”

Sadly, the events of 9/11 have caused many people to form negative opinions on the entire Muslin world for the actions of a few, he added.

“There’s a billion Muslims in the world, not just the 19 involved in the hijacking and you can’t take a billion and paint them with the same brush you do with 19, or 50 or even 100,” Harkin said. “Muslims have been unfairly treated.”

Several years ago, Hanafan visited Ground Zero and realized those killed came from all walks of life.

“It was an attack at people.

Harkin

Hill

People who were shining shoes, business executives, secretaries. They had no chance.”

Council Bluffs Finance Director Art Hill wondered if today’s social media, unavailable back then, could have changed opinions. What if those in the doomed Twin Towers could have recorded their terror on Facebook or Twitter for the world to instantly see, he asked.

“Would we be angrier?”

The events of 9/11 also changed banking policies, Hill said. The halt of air travel for several days afterwards forced changes on how money had to be moved. Today, for example, check writers may notice the clerk sending the check through a machine to determine whether funds are adequate.

“This came in response to 9/11,” he said.

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Sunday, September 11, 2011 5A

9/11 ANNIVERSARY

6C Sunday, September 11, 2011

The Daily Nonpareil

September 11, 2001 Four airliners hijacked All times are ET

FLIGHT 175

8:14 a.m.

United Airlines Boeing 767 leaves Boston for Los Angeles; 60 aboard

New York attacked 8:46 a.m.

FLIGHT 11

American Flight 11 crashes into World Trade Center north tower

7:59 a.m.

American Airlines Boeing 767 leaves Boston for Los Angeles; 87 aboard

FLIGHT 93 8:42 a.m.

United Airlines Boeing 757 leaves Newark, N.J., for San Francisco; 40 aboard

FLIGHT 77

8:20 a.m.

American Airlines Boeing 757 leaves Washington’s Dulles Airport for Los Angeles; 59 aboard

Washington targeted

Second plane hits

9:37 a.m.

Flight 77 crashes into Pentagon, across Potomac River from Washington, D.C.

9:03 a.m.

United Flight 175 hits World Trade Center south tower

9:45 a.m.

NORTH TOWER

9:21 a.m.

All New York area bridges, tunnels closed

U.S. Capitol, White House evacuated

9:55 a.m.

Bush leaves Florida on Air Force One for Barksdale Air Force Base, La., escorted by six fighter jets

9:30 a.m.

Visiting an elementary school in Sarasota, Fla., President George W. Bush announces United States under “apparent terrorist attack”

9:57 a.m.

Flight 93 passengers struggle with hijackers as plane flies over western Pennsylvania

9:42 a.m.

FAA stops all takeoffs, landings at U.S. airports; some international flights diverted to Canada

SOUTH TOWER PENTAGON

Shocked nation reacts 9:59 a.m.

South tower collapses

10 a.m.

U.S. financial markets close, begin longest shutdown since World War I

10:03 a.m.

United Flight 93 crashes near Shanksville in rural Somerset County, Pa.

10:10 a.m.

Side of Pentagon collapses

NEW YORK

10:28 a.m.

CONN.

North tower collapses

P E N N S Y L VA N I A

New York Shanksville

WEST VIRGINIA

11:02 a.m.

N.J.

MD. Washington, D.C.

4 p.m.

New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani orders evacuation of area south of Canal Street

U.S. officials say Saudi militant Osama bin Laden involved in attacks

4:30 p.m.

5:20 p.m.

Bush leaves Offutt for Andrews AFB, near Washington, with jet escort

Evacuated 47-story building in World Trade Center complex collapses

1:04 p.m.

5:30 p.m.

At Barksdale AFB, Bush announces U.S. military on high alert worldwide

Officials say Flight 93 hijackers’ target was White House, U.S. Capitol or presidential retreat at Camp David in Maryland

1:44 p.m.

Pentagon says five frigates and guided missile destroyers, two aircraft carriers leaving Norfolk, Va., to protect New York and Washington

8:30 p.m.

1:48 p.m.

12:30 p.m.

50 flights still in U.S. airspace, but none report problems

Bush leaves Barksdale for undisclosed location (Offutt Air Force Base, Neb.) Bush confers by phone with National Security Council; Air Force jets begin 24-hour flights over major cities

6:54 p.m.

Bush arrives at White House on Marine One helicopter

Bush addresses nation, says U.S. will make no distinction between the terrorists and those who help or harbor them

Sunday, September 11, 2011 7A

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9/11 ANNIVERSARY

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Ten years later, still feeling the loss DENNIS FRIEND DFRIEND@NONPAREILONLINE.COM

Mike Tinley died 10 years ago.

Ten years have gone by since his family learned of his death in the flames of the World Trade Center in New York City.

“You hate to lose a brother, particularly this way,” Emmett Tinley of Council Bluffs said.

Mike was at a meeting on the 100th floor of the north tower when two planes, one right after the other, slammed into the pair of New York City landmarks.The online National Obituary Archive lists his entry as “Michael Tinley, 56, of Dallas, TX, vice president of Marsh, died Sept.

11, 2001, a victim of the coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States in New York, Washington D.C., and elsewhere.”

Mike grew up in Council Bluffs, worked for Marsh and McLennan, lived in Dallas and frequently visited the World Trade Center offices of the company.

The planes crashed into the towers, setting them ablaze. Eventually, both towers collapsed.

The Sept. 11 attacks came to be known simply as “9/11” and investigators concluded they were part of a series of Al Qaeda suicide attacks. On that morning, 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners, crashing two into the towers. A third airliner crashed into the Pentagon, while a fourth aimed at the the White House or another building in the nation’s capitol crashed in Pennsylvania after passengers attempted to retake control.

There were no survivors

from any of the flights. Nearly 3,000 people died in the attacks, including 2,753 at the World Trade Center and 184 people killed at the Pentagon.

Mike was believed to be among them. He was one of eight brothers and sisters from the Tinley family of Council Bluffs.

Emmett said the family still finds it difficult to deal with the loss, but “I think we’re doing very well. Our strong Catholic faith helped us get through this.”

Emmett said Mike made it to the meeting on the 100th floor a little early and called his sister, Suzanne Fishkin, who lives in New York City.

“He said he could see her neighborhood. He talked to her son, Henry, before the meeting started,” Emmett recalled.

Emmett and Suzanne’s brother, Christopher Tinley, told The Daily Nonpareil in 2006 that he was on his way to work on Sept. 11, 2001, when he received a phone call from one of his sisters.

She told him there was a fire at the World Trade Center, and that Mike had gone to New York that day.

“Mike had called her about 30 minutes earlier just to say ‘hello,’’’ Christopher recalled.

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Emmett Tinley of Council Bluffs holds a photograph of his brother, Mike Tinley, with his daughters Lisa Kennedy, left, and Jenna Mather taken in New York on Sept. 2 just nine days before Mike was killed in the Sept.

11 attacks.

“He was getting ready for a meeting at the World Trade Center. He told her what a beautiful day it was.”

When Christopher heard the World Trade Center had been hit, he turned on the television for an update – right after the second plane hit the second tower, and in time to watch as both towers collapsed.

The north tower, where Mike was, took the first hit.

“We found out the plane hit his floor,” said Emmett.

“They never recovered any remains.”

Christopher said it was likely Mike never knew what happened. Phone calls and emails made to and from the towers that day revealed no calls were ever made from the 99th and 100th floors of the north tower.

“We went to Ground Zero four years ago and went into the pit where they were building the memorial,” Emmett said. “We’re anxious to get back.”

He and his wife, Susan; his sister, Jeanne; and her husband, Bob Gilmore, will attend this year’s 9/11 memorial in New York City on the Sept. 11 weekend. Accompanying them will be Jenna Mather and Lisa Kennedy, Mike’s daughters.

Staff photo/Cindy Christensen

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9/11 ANNIVERSARY

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Terrorist attacks: A universal television event NEW YORK (AP) – The first indication of the horrors to come was a single camera shot that suddenly appeared on television sets throughout the world: A skyscraper bathed in the morning sun, smoke pouring from a ragged hole in its side. The images grew even worse, as the entire world witnessed the death and destruction of Sept. 11, 2001.

Whether in a bar in Tahiti or office building in New York, television was the central gathering place for people to experience 9/11.

The Associated Press spoke to some viewers who watched it all unfold on TV, and to some people who were part of conveying the event and its aftermath to the world. ***** Tom Brokaw was relieved to be in New York Sept. 11 and not out of town on assignment when the biggest story of his career broke. NBC News’ chief anchor found out later just how huge a relief it was to be.

Ten years later, that day still seems surreal.

“For those of us on the air, we were out there without a net of any kind,” he said. “We had no idea what was going to happen next. No one else did either.”

At one point as the twin towers burned, Brokaw remarked on camera that they would have to be demolished when the fires went out. He wondered whether he had gone too far.

Minutes later the first tower collapsed on its own.

“It took everything I knew as a journalist and as a father, a husband and a citizen to get through that day,” Brokaw said.

“And I was very grateful for the fact that I was 61 years old when it happened, to be given the responsibility that I had, because it took everything I had ever learned to get through that day. If I’d been 40, who knows?”

Most Americans learned what happened on Sept. 11 and the ensuing days through three men: Brokaw of NBC News, Peter Jennings of ABC News and Dan Rather of CBS News.

All three anchors were veteran reporters with two decades of anchoring experience and uniquely suited for the roles they had to perform. Brokaw is now semiretired, making documentaries and occasionally offering onscreen wisdom during big news events. Rather left CBS unpleasantly following a bungled story about George W. Bush’s military service and now has his own news show on HDNet. Jennings died of cancer in 2005.

On the rainy night of Sept.

10, 2001, Brokaw attended a reception for a blind mountain climber. Later, the event’s organizer told him that it had been rescheduled because Brokaw was unable to make the original date.

That was to have been Tuesday morning, Sept. 11 – at the Windows on the World restaurant on top of the World Trade Center. ***** Nicole Rittenmeyer remembers screaming at Brokaw on Sept. 11.

Not him personally. Seven months pregnant and with a toddler under foot, she was watching the coverage in Chicago and saw the first tower crumbling into a cloud of dust and a tangled mass of steel and concrete. Brokaw didn’t see it as quickly, and perhaps Ritten-

‘It took everything I knew as a journalist and as a father, a husband and a citizen to get through that day. And I was very grateful for the fact that I was 61 years old when it happened, to be given the responsibility that I had because it took everything I had ever learned to get through that day. If I had been 40, who knows?’

– Tom Brokaw NBC’s News’ chief anchor on Sept. 11, 2011

meyer figured yelling at the TV set might get his attention.

She’s seen that collapse countless times since. Starting with the “Inside 9/11” documentary she made for National Geographic in 2005, the filmmaker estimates she has spent five years of on projects about the terrorist attacks. Her latest, a sequel to the memorable “102 Minutes That Changed America” film of 2008 that focuses on the days after Sept. 11, premieres on the History network on Sept. 10.

Hundreds of hours of attack footage exist. Rittenmeyer suggests it was the most filmed news event ever, and there’s probably much more hidden away in sock drawers.

What does watching so much of 9/11 do to your mind?

“There’s a process that you go through that automatically puts up a kind of barrier, because you’re working on it,” said Rittenmeyer. “There are certain pieces of footage that make the hair on my arms stand up or bring tears every time and probably always will.”

One was shot by two college students who started filming out their window without really knowing what was going on, and caught the second plane knifing into the World Trade Center. They freaked out, an experience so visceral “it’s like you are them and they are you and you’re reliving this experience,” she said.

“I feel like it’s really a privilege to have had that experience of reliving something like that, as awful as it is, through hundreds of people’s eyes,” she said. “Nobody gets that opportunity. It’s one of the reasons I do what I do. I’m clearly drawn to history and that kind of epic moment.” ***** Dan Rather had little time to think about it when David Letterman asked him to be part of the first “Late Show” since the attacks.

The night turned out to be one of the memorable television moments of the weeks after the attacks. The idea of resuming life had become a delicate issue in itself, with events such as the resumption of Major League baseball and a benefit concert at Madison Square Garden important milestones in that journey.

The tone was particularly important for a New Yorkbased comedy show and Letterman nailed it with the raw anger of his opening monologue.

During 9/11 coverage, Rather worked hard to keep his emotions in check while on the air for CBS News. It was a grueling stretch that had the veteran anchor, then age 69, awake for 48 hours at one point.

But with Letterman, Rather briefly broke down in tears twice.

“The combination of being off of my own turf and the emotional hammer to the heart that was 9/11 that hit most people while it was unfolding just sud-

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denly descended on me,” he recalled. “I was surprised, maybe even astounded, at how it went.

“I was just engulfed, consumed by grief,” he said. “I’ve never apologized for that – didn’t then and I don’t now.

Because, one doesn’t apologize for grief.”

Rather, who said he hasn’t seen a tape of the appearance in years, did apologize in a way at the time. During the second breakdown, the old-school newsman asked Letterman to go to commercial break and upon their return he said, “I’m a pro and I get paid not to let it show.” ***** Growing up in New Jersey, Nathaniel Katz could see the World Trade Center from the windows of his best friend’s house.

But on Sept. 11, 2001, Katz was about as far away from New York as you can get: studying for a semester in the Australian capital of Canberra. It was shortly before 10 p.m. in Canberra, about 170 miles southwest of Sydney, and a friend brought him to a student lounge so he could watch “The West Wing” for the first time.

The series was interrupted to show what Katz thought was a private plane crashing into the trade center. He watched as other images filled the screen.

About 30 other people quietly streamed into the lounge behind Katz, the only American.

To the others in the lounge, it seemed like a Hollywood movie. To Katz, it was home. He broke down and cried uncontrollably.

“I pride myself on having a fair bit of self-control and I completely lost myself in this situation,” said Katz, now a ministry fellow at Harvard University. “I could feel all these eyeballs in the back of my head. But I didn’t care.”

His friends told him he might hear some ugly things in the coming days and he did; some folks suggested the United States deserved what happened. Katz didn’t return to the United States until December, missing the surge of patriotism that happened after the attacks. ***** There was silence on the other end of the phone line during a recent interview. Ashleigh Banfield had become so practiced at pushing aside memories of Sept. 11 – “it was a bad day” was her stock answer, before changing the subject – that being asked to recall specifics brought some tears.

She was working at MSNBC that day, and disregarded a suggestion that she go to the network’s New Jersey headquarters. Instead, she headed downtown in a cab as far as it would take her and then on foot.

Banfield was close enough to be enveloped in the black cloud created as the second tower collapsed. A companion kicked in a nearby building’s door and she sought refuge with a police offi-

cer who was also looking for a safe place to breathe. She emerged when the cloud began to lift and flagged down a nearby NBC truck that could film her as she gave reports into a cell phone.

“For whatever reason, I thought all of the buildings were coming down,” she said. “If these two were coming down, what was next? I was so scared.

So many people said you were so brave to do that reporting that day and I think just the opposite. I was just so childishly scared.”

For the next couple of years, Banfield said she couldn’t go on an airplane without weeping.

She sought counseling to talk it through. She’s proud she was a part of covering such a defining moment, but it also taught her about some limits to endurance.

Banfield, now at ABC News, got married and had two children in the past decade. She said she would react differently today.

“I think of how much I’ve changed and how I wouldn’t do (what I did) right now with two little kids,” she said. “I took enormous risks, probably didn’t know how big the risks I was taking were. I probably wouldn’t run those 50 blocks against a sea of fleeing people. Stupid would have kicked out and pragmatic would have kicked in.” ***** Work brought rock guitarist and singer John Hiatt to New York from his Nashville, Tenn., home on Sept. 11. He had a new album being released that day, and a round of interviews set up to support it.

A glance at the television that morning and he knew all bets were off.

“My wife called me in my hotel room,” he recalled. “As I was watching it, she was watching it. She was terrified. We were trying to figure out how to get out of town.”

His appointments all canceled, Hiatt spent much of the day walking the New York streets. Later, he walked from his midtown hotel to Penn Station and boarded a train south.

Within the next two weeks, he wrote a song about his feelings from that day, “When New York Had Her Heart Broke,” and performed it when he appeared in the city later that fall.

Otherwise, he shelved it.

Writing the song was largely a way to work through his feelings and he figured there was enough musical material coming out in response to the

attacks, some of which felt a little tawdry to him.

Now, 10 years later, he recorded the song for an album that was released this month.

“Hopefully, there’s enough distance,” he said. ***** Knowing the location of his wife Katherine’s office and the trajectory of the first plane to hit the World Trade Center, Charles Wolf eventually became convinced she was killed instantly on Sept. 11. He never heard from her that morning.

For most people, television that day was a way to experience a terrible story that did not yet involve them. For Wolf, it was a lifeline. TV is where he got his information, learning areas that were set up for possible survivors or places to find out about victims.

He watched the coverage for hours, even though deep down

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he knew Katherine’s fate when he saw the north tower collapse. “I stood up and said, ‘I guess I have to start my life over,”‘ he recalled.

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He has no interest in watching 10th anniversary coverage, which he calls “made-for-ratings television.” Instead, he will attend a public memorial at ground zero.

Television, he said, “is for everybody else. ... Television has given them the ability to participate in something when they can’t really be there.”

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9/11 ANNIVERSARY Poll: OK to trade some Addressing freedoms to fight terrorism How much has

Sunday, September 11, 2011

The Daily Nonpareil

WASHINGTON (AP) – Surveillance cameras in public places? Sure. Body scans at airports? Maybe. Snooping in personal email? Not so fast.

The same Americans who are increasingly splashing their personal lives across Facebook and Twitter trace a meandering path when asked where the government should draw the line between protecting civil liberties and pursuing terrorism.

Ten years after the 9/11 attacks led to amped-up government surveillance efforts, two-thirds of Americans say it’s fitting to sacrifice some privacy and freedoms in the fight against terrorism, according to a poll by The Associated PressNORC Center for Public Affairs Research.

A slim majority – 54 percent – say that if they had to choose between preserving their rights and freedoms and protecting people from terrorists, they’d come down on the side of civil liberties. The public is particularly protective of the privacy of U.S. citizens, voicing sharp opposition to government surveillance of Americans’ emails and phone calls.

For some Americans, their reluctance to give up any freedoms is a reflection of their belief that the terrorists eventually will succeed no matter what.

“If somebody wants to do something, they’ll find a way,” says David Barker, a retired high school teacher from Wynne, Ark., who says he’s not ready to sacrifice any freedoms in return for more security.

Others worry that giving up one freedom will lead to the loss of others.

“It’s like opening a crack in the door, and then the door is opened wide,” says Keri Jean, a homemaker from Elk Ridge, Utah.

The poll asked people to grapple with some of same quandaries that the government and the courts have been wrestling with over the past decade, and even before the 2001 terrorist attacks. And it turns out that policymakers, too, have drawn a zigzag line as they make tradeoffs between aggressively pursuing potential terrorists and preserving privacy and civil liberties.

Two-thirds of those surveyed believe the resulting policies are a mish-mash created in reaction to events as they occur rather than clearly planned.

Consider the rules on government interception of email: Sometimes that’s legal and sometimes it’s not. It depends on how old the email is, whether it’s already been opened by the recipient, whether the sender and recipient are within the U.S., and which federal appellate court considers the question. Sometimes investigators need a warrant and sometimes no court approval is necessary.

The AP-NORC poll found that about half of those surveyed felt that they have indeed lost some of their own personal freedoms to fight terrorism. Was it worth it? Close to half of those who thought they’d lost freedoms doubted it was necessary.

Overall, six in 10 say the government is doing enough to protect Americans’ rights and freedoms as it fights terrorism.

But people may not even be aware of what they’ve given up. The extent of government eavesdropping and surveillance is something of a mystery.

There have been recent efforts in Congress – unsuccessful so far – to require the Justice Department to estimate how many people in the U.S. have had their calls and email monitored under a 2008 law that gave the government more surveillance authority.

And a recent AP investigation revealed the existence of a secret police unit in New York that monitored daily life inside Muslim communities.

Transportation Security Administration chief John Pistole, in a speech Tuesday at the Center for Strategic & International Studies, took note of the challenge of providing security

Americans’ opinions on civil liberties: ■ 71 percent favor surveillance cameras in public places to

watch for suspicious activity.

■ 58 percent favor random searches involving full-body scans or pat-downs of airplane passengers.

■ 55 percent favor government analysis of financial transactions processed by U.S. banks without a warrant.

■ 47 percent favor requiring all people in the U.S. to carry a national ID card and provide it to authorities upon demand.

■ 35 percent favor racial or ethnic profiling to decide who should get tougher screening at airports.

– Information provided by a poll conducted by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research

without trampling on civil liberties, saying: “We have to make sure we’re doing everything we can, while respecting privacy and civil liberties – there’s a lot of debate about that – as to ensuring that another 9/11 doesn’t happen.”

For all of their concern about protecting personal rights, Americans – just like policymakers and the courts – show far more willingness to allow intrusions into the lives of foreigners than into their own.

While 47 percent of Americans support allowing the government to read emails sent between people outside the United States without a warrant, just 30 percent supported similar monitoring of emails sent between people inside the country, for example. And while nearly half supported government eavesdropping on phone calls between people outside the country without a warrant, only a quarter favored such surveillance of calls inside the U.S. “Countries have become bound with political correctness and I think need to be a little more strict,” says Jean, despite her warnings about surrendering more freedoms.

“Stop being afraid to offend others.”

The government can listen in on telephone calls made by foreigners outside the United States without a warrant, but government investigators are generally required to obtain orders signed by judges to eavesdrop on domestic phone calls and other electronic communications within the U.S. The rules are more complex for cross-border communication between foreigners and Americans.

Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, which focuses on privacy and civil liberties, says Americans were surprisingly willing to accept new surveillance techniques in the years after the 9/11 attacks, but the pendulum now appears to be swinging somewhat in the other direction.

“People are just not quite willing to accept these tradeoffs, particularly when they are ineffective,” he says.

The U.S. effort to combat terrorism receives mixed

reviews: Just 36 percent say it’s been extremely or very effective, 49 percent say moderately so.

About a third of Americans are concerned that they or their family will be victims of a terrorist attack, and 37 percent believe the area where they live is at least at moderate risk of being attacked.

Susan Davis, a medical transcriptionist from Springfield, Mo., answers for many Americans when asked whether sacrificing some freedom is warranted in order for the government to provide more security.

“Yeah,” she says, “as long as they don’t go too far with it.”

But everyone has their own definition of what’s too far.

The poll found that Americans have different comfort levels with various scenarios in pursuing potential terrorist activity. For example: ■ 71 percent favor surveillance cameras in public places to watch for suspicious activity.

■ 58 percent favor random searches involving full-body scans or pat-downs of airplane passengers.

■ 55 percent favor government analysis of financial transactions processed by U.S. banks without a warrant.

■ 47 percent favor requiring all people in the U.S. to carry a national ID card and provide it to authorities upon demand.

■ 35 percent favor racial or ethnic profiling to decide who should get tougher screening at airports.

The first three scenarios already are legal; the latter two are not.

The poll turned up sharp divisions among Americans on whether torture – banned by the government – should have any place in combating terrorism.

Fifty-two percent said torture can be justified at least sometimes to obtain information about terrorist activity.

Forty-six percent said it can never or only rarely be justified.

The AP-NORC poll was conducted July 28 to Aug. 15. It involved landline and cell phone interviews with 1,087 adults nationwide, and has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 4.1 percentage points.

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Ten years after four planes changed so much about the country, local policies and departments continue to evolve.

While everyone – including citizens – has seen changes of some form, some departments have been tasked with more responsibilities.

For the last 10 years, Council Bluffs Fire Chief Alan Byers said his department has had to deal with things they never looked at before 9/11.

“The fire service has changed as a whole,” Byers said. “Everybody dealt with local risks, such as what can burn, not mass causalities.

“We all have a global perspective now. Across the country everyone has more of an awareness of the terrorist threat.”

And that threat, whether perceived or real, has led to new kinds of training. Many of which were used recently to combat area flooding.

“I think some put through NIMS (National Incident Management System) training asked, ‘Why?’” Byers said.

“But it became evident, during this flood event, the command structure built and promoted works.”

Council Bluffs Police Capt.

Scott Milner said police officers in the city are perhaps more alert of the potential for terrorist activities, but their day-to-day jobs 10 years later are not that different.

Milner said officers are more cognizant of building safety and have been made aware of potential “hot spots”

Staff photo/Cindy Christensen

Signs for the new Airport Watch Program such as this one can be found all around the Council Bluffs Municipal Airport urging pilots to report suspicious activities. that terrorists could strike in the area.

“We may pay more attention to cameras, binoculars and telescopes in areas where there are not a lot of terrorists,” he said. “But by in large, nothing big has really changed for us.”

Milner said police officers worked with the fire departments on mass casualty training before 9/11 and continue to do so.

“We are a good sized community, but not big like New York or Los Angeles,” Milner said. “Something unusual in our area will stick out, unlike in more diversified areas.”

The Council Bluffs Municipal Airport has physically changed a great deal in the last 10 years. A new Iowa Western Community College Aviation Training Facility, new runways, roads, hangers and a terminal, have all been added in the last decade.

Airport Executive Director Dan Smith said security is

important at all airports, but as a general aviation airport, the Council Bluffs Airport does not have metal detectors or scanning devices.

“As a general aviation airport, we are required to come up with a security plan and we chose to participate in the Airport Watch Program,” Smith said. “All airport hanger tenants and our surrounding neighbors keep an eye out for anything unusual.”

The Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association has partnered with the Transportation Security Administration to develop the nationwide Airport Watch Program, which uses more than 600,000 pilots as eyes and ears for observing and reporting suspicious activity.

The Airport Watch Program includes warning signs for airports, informational literature, and a training video to teach pilots and airport employees how to enhance security at their airports.

“We have also put up more lighting and increased signage,” Smith said.

Byers said partnerships have been forged across the state because of 9/11. Teams now routinely drill together across the state. C.B. firefighters will train in Sioux City and elsewhere when needed.

Teams such as the statewide Weapons of Mass Destruction Team and the Urban Search and Rescue Team have been developed to respond to large-scale terrorist events.

“This is still an emotional event for the fire service; we don’t dwell on it, but every year it comes back to you,” Byers said. “But despite the tragedy, it created an opportunity to make us and our state better at responding to these types of events.”

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From grief to resiliance For victims’ families, 9/11’s aftermath still looms large GREG GORDON MCCLATCHY NEWSPAPERS

Soon after her mom died aboard the first hijacked plane to hit the World Trade Center, Carie Lemack vowed “to make sure it never happens again” and launched a career fighting terrorism.

Last year, she won an Oscar nomination for her film examining its global impact.

C. Lee Hanson, who lost his son, daughter-in-law and 2-and-a-half-year-old granddaughter on Sept. 11, has spent part of his retirement traveling to Guantanamo Bay, telling the U.S. attorney general of his opposition to civilian trials for terrorists and protesting construction of a mosque near Ground Zero.

Christie Coombs, widowed with three kids on 9/11, was so moved by kindnesses from friends and strangers that she coached her children to “pay it forward.” They’ve helped raise upwards of $500,000 for others facing hardships and tragedy.

Spouses, parents and children of the 2,972 victims have endured constant reminders over the last decade of the horrors of Sept.

11 – anniversaries, a drumbeat of terrorism alerts and arrests, the drawn-out identification of body parts and the recent killing of Osama bin Laden.

But Lemack, Hanson and Coombs are emblematic of many family members who’ve found inner strength, even inspiration, despite the holes in their hearts.

In 2007, a Rand Corp. study concluded that relatives of 9/11 victims had amassed “a powerful voice” in Washington. Forming groups and organizing online, they were “remarkably successful in pressuring the U.S. Congress to establish a commission to investigate the 9/11 attacks, getting the White House to approve it, and then ensuring that the commission’s most important recommendations were enacted into law,” it said.

While some family members have been locked in depression for years, here are three who found their way forward.

‘A life my mom would be proud of’ When her mother, Judith Camilla Laroque of Framingham, Mass., died on American Airlines Flight 11, Lemack, then 26, lost “my best friend and confidante,” she later wrote.

Something clicked when Lemack read a newspaper story quoting survivors of those killed in the 1988 terrorist bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. They lamented the failure of their 13-year campaign for tighter airline security to prevent the 9/11 hijackings.

“I talked to my sister and said we need to make sure mom’s murder is enough,”

Lemack said.

A novice on terrorism and politics, she co-founded Families of September 11, one of the largest survivor organizations, and was a vice president of another group spearheading the push to create the 9/11 commission.

Her height – 4 feet 103/4 inches – belied steely determination as she strolled the halls of Congress with other survivors to push for implementation of the panel’s key recommendations, including overhauling the intelligence community.

She showed tenacity again by foreswearing rights to compensation from a $7 billion federal victims’ fund and joining 94 other families in suing American Airlines and United Airlines over alleged security lapses. Lemack’s family and all but one other have accepted settlements.

By 2008, Lemack had graduate degrees from Stanford and Harvard and represented the United States at a United Nations symposium for terrorism survivors.

A year later, in Amman, Jordan, scene of a horrific 2005 hotel bombing, she cofounded the Global Survivors Network. The group is circulating her award-winning short film, “Killing in the Name,” which sends a powerful message about terrorism’s impact on victims’ families.

The Rand study hailed Lemack as a “truly inspirational figure.”

Now 36, Lemack said she’s only trying to “live a life my mom would be proud of, and to make sure that others don’t suffer the way that she and thousands of others have.”

High on people Phoning from United Airlines Flight 175, Peter Hanson gently told his father that hijackers appeared to be planning to crash the plane into a building.

“Don’t worry, Dad. If it happens, it will be quick,” Peter said, with his Koreanborn wife, Sue, and their little girl, Christine, sitting on the plane beside him.

Moments later, C. Lee Hanson watched on television as his son’s plane hit the World Trade Center’s south tower and burst into a fireball.

Hanson, a recently retired corporate executive, and his wife Eunice, the registrar in their hometown of Easton, Conn., were knocked sideways with shock. Christine was the youngest of all the 9/11 victims.

Tearfully, Hanson sorted out their estate and, assuming they’d been vaporized, collected toothbrushes and hair follicles containing their DNA at their home in Groton, Mass., in faint hopes of recovering their remains.

Sometime later, a New York police detective phoned to say they’d identified a small bone of Peter’s.

Hanson was surprised to be “really happy.” He and his

Submitted photos

A shrine honoring Jeffrey Coombs, who died aboard American Airlines Flight 11, stands in the kitchen of his wife, Christie. touched by Americans’ generosity and is “high on people.”

In 2003, volunteers in Groton rebuilt the dilapidated playground where the Hansons’ grandchild had played.

They renamed it “Christine’s Playground.”

Something positive The day after 42-year-old Jeffrey Coombs died aboard American Flight 11, a restaurateur friend showed up unsolicited at the family’s home in Abingdon, Mass., set up a breakfast buffet in the garage and kept the meals going for two days – gratis.

A 9-year-old girl from a Clockwise from left, Sue, Peter and Christine Han- nearby town who shared son were killed on United Jeff ’s birthday sent the Airlines Flight 175 when Coombs her birthday money. hijackers crashed the air- A kid with a paper route gave plane into the World Trade the family a week’s collections.

Center south tower.

Broken-hearted at the wife joined those seeking an death of her college sweetexpanded search for body heart, Christie Coombs was parts around Ground Zero struck by the outpouring of and at a landfill in Fresh kindnesses big and small. A Kills, N.Y., and grew increas- freelance journalist, she ingly outspoken. sensed that she “needed to “Life changes,” Hanson put all that negative energy said. “You’re doing things you from 9/11 into something posnever thought you’d be itive.” doing.”

She beckoned her kids – In 2006, he wept as he Matthew, 13, Meaghan, 11, described Peter’s final calls and Julia, 7 – to “pay it forwhile testifying at 9/11 plot- ward, do something good for ter Zacarias Moussaoui’s other people because of what death-penalty trial. people have done for us.”

The Hansons were among Soon, donations poured in survivors who met with Attorney General Eric Holder, objecting to the proposed trial in New York of suspected 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheik Mohammed.

They also traveled to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, arguing on behalf of victims’ families that the terrorism detainees there should be relegated to military courts.

Last year, Hanson spoke into a microphone near Ground Zero, saying that he feared Islamists wanted to build a mosque nearby “to show conquest, domination and humiliation of their enemies.”

While he respects Islam, Hanson said “the wheels of my son’s airplane … were embedded for awhile” in the building that would house the mosque.

Controversies aside, Hanson said he’s been deeply

for a huge yard sale and auction for the Jeffrey Coombs Memorial Foundation. Arizona native Coombs even got a baseball autographed by star pitcher Randy Johnson of the World Series champion Arizona Diamondbacks.

In one morning that November, the family raised $50,000 for families of immigrants who died working in the Windows on the World restaurant atop the Trade Center’s north tower and to other 9/11 victims’ families facing financial predicaments.

They’ve continued to raise money for the foundation, largely with an annual 5K race that has gained a reputation among serious runners.

Since 2007, the Coombs have held holiday parties for families of U.S. troops overseas.

Her tragedy, Coombs said, has “changed my appreciation for what other people go through on a daily basis.”

But not even a 21/2-year

relationship with a new love has eradicated the pain.

At a recent wedding, she and her daughter had to leave the room during the fatherdaughter dance to the song “Butterfly Kisses” when both remembered how Jeff had brushed eyelashes with his kids.

The family preserved the deck that Jeff was building when he died even though it didn’t fit perfectly with plans for a new swimming pool, and the shirt and boots he wore still hang over his work bench in the cellar, Coombs said.

A new pantry had to be built around a bulletin board that the kids plastered with pictures of Jeff, she said, because she’d be “disrespecting Jeff and the way the kids honor their dad if I were to disrupt any of that.”

Jeff ’s pictures hang all over the house.

“He is still the love of my life,” Coombs said, “and he always will be.”

9/11 ANNIVERSARY

The Daily Nonpareil

Sunday, September 11, 2011

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Construction crews work on the footings for the World Trade Center Memorial and Museum at Ground Zero in August 2006 in New York. Clearing the site of wreckage, controversies of the memorial’s final design and property disputes slowed progress at the site. To fill the emotional void, the Brooklyn Arts Council organized an annual arts memorial to commemorate the event.

Submitted photo

American culture is still grappling with 9/11 ERIKA BOLSTAD MCCLATCHY NEWSPAPERS

To many artists, as the years passed, the lack of a 9/11 memorial at the World Trade Center site felt nearly as big an absence as the gaping maw left at Ground Zero.

“There was so much trauma, and there was just nothing there except this big old hole,” said Kay Turner, a folklorist at the Brooklyn Arts Council. “It was disturbing, and I think that artists also felt that.”

The council filled that void, organizing an annual arts memorial that every year has focused on a different medium: photography, film, songs, poetry. Like the wider artistic output since 9/11, the work was burdened with the question Bruce Springsteen asked in “The Rising,” his 2002 rock album that served as the soundtrack for how Americans grappled with the attacks: “How do you live brokenhearted?”

It’s a question that’s been asked repeatedly in the arts and popular culture over the past decade, often without satisfactory answers.

Television shows like “24” reflected the daily fear that permeated ordinary life, even if they didn’t outright mention 9/11. Even films that weren’t specifically about the terrorist attacks were suffused with a sense of loss, including Spike Lee’s “25th Hour,” released 15 months after the terrorist attacks and widely considered the first — and so far, best — film with 9/11 in its soul.

The film opens with a shot of the Manhattan skyline at night, bracketed by the Empire State building and the Statue of Liberty. Two beams of bluewhite light — from the annual “Tribute in Light” memorial — shoot from lower Manhattan, underscoring what’s missing.

As the decade moved on, the collective artistic reaction to the shocking events of a single day became less about memorials and more about weaving the everyday reality of a post9/11 world into the fabric of American arts and popular culture.

Now we are turning a corner. With the capture of Osama bin Laden this spring, and the opening of a permanent memorial on the site of the former World Trade Center this year on the 10th anniversary of the attacks, it also may be that enough time has passed for artists, filmmaker, television writers and novelists to create work that makes better sense of what the past decade means.

But 10 years away from the event, the work that’s emerging has a new theme: reflection.

In 2004, Peter Tolan and actor Denis Leary created

“Rescue Me,” a television show about New York City firefighters struggling with life after 9/11. They had no idea that the show would become such an iconic representation that seven years later they’d be asked to donate props to the Smithsonian’s 9/11 collection.

“The thing that I wanted to portray more than anything was what brave men are like, especially ... after a catastrophe,” Leary said. “We looked at it through that sort of hallway, without thinking about the broader things. That would be too much. But we knew it was the shadow of 9/11.”

Their show, which Leary called a “smudged version of reality,” crossed several boundaries. It was the first about 9/11, specifically the people left behind. It also dared to be funny at a time when the wounds of 9/11 were still raw.

“If we thought it was going to be groundbreaking, boy, it would have sucked,” Tolan said. “Nothing kills entertainment like saying, ‘Hey, this is important.’ Then you’re going to do something preachy, and certainly without humor.”

Humor would have been unthinkable early in the decade after 9/11. Novelist Rebecca Johns was in graduate school at the University of Iowa at the time of the attacks and recalls discussions among fellow aspiring writers about whether they were witnessing the death of irony in literature.

At the time “it seemed impossible we would ever be able to talk about the attacks with anything less than complete earnestness,” Johns said.

“Would anyone be able to write about the attacks as a human event rather than a terrorist one? Would we ever regain our national sense of humor?”

“Of course it turns out we have, not so much about the attacks themselves but in our national reaction to them, and in our reaction to everything that came after,” she said.

Her choice of sudenisbject matter in her first novel, “Icebergs,” was “directly influenced by the attacks,” Johns said, as was the decision to write a multigenerational book that spans World War II and the Vietnam War. “I doubt I would have chosen the pattern of repeating wars in ‘Icebergs’ if it weren’t for the things that were on my mind in those days: destruction, survival,” she said. “It helped me, too, to remember that those other wars, and those other terribly uncertain days, also eventually came to an end.”

It was much the same for

artist Andrea Arroyo, who in early 2002 struggled to find inspiration for a show that sought reaction pieces from artists. Arroyo, a Mexican artist who lives in the United States, drew something much more textual and graphic than her usual figurative style.

Her silkscreen image of the Twin Towers was represented in rows of type forming the word “UNREAL.” Clouds of black, red and yellow at the top of the text evoke the points of impact and the fires.

When the piece was featured in the New York Times, families of victims contacted her for copies. It also became part of the National Museum of American History’s “Bearing Witness to History” exhibit on the first anniversary of 9/11.

Arroyo hasn’t created anything directly inspired by the attacks since then, but she believes the exercise of creating her 9/11 piece may have indirectly influenced some of her subsequent work. That includes a series of portraits of women who’ve been killed in the drug violence of Mexico’s Ciudad Juarez.

“My work is always celebratory, but I went deeper into the feminism, the gender, the social justice and the gender justice,” she said. “It definitely influenced my work and my point of view.” courtesy of the smithsonian She’s currently curating a A 2001 silkscreen print by Andrea Arroyo is a graphic 9/11-themed show for New depiction of the terror attacks on the World Trade Center.

York’s Grady Alexis Gallery.

Arroyo expects their work, too, has moved on from the raw reactions first seen after the attacks.

“I know that many artists are going to be, even if not thinking about it, it’s going to be in the general consciousness of New York,” she said.

Props from the television program “Rescue Me,” a show about New York City firefighters struggling with life after 9/11, appear in the Smithonsian’s Sept. 11 collection. courtesy of fx

By the numbers 210 Number of countries in which the “America: A Tribute to the Heroes” telethon and benefit concert was broadcast on Sept. 21, 2001.

$200 million Estimated amount of money raised during the telethon.

26 Number of times Sept. 11 was mentioned during the 2002 Oscars ceremony.

Sources: ABC News, New York Magazine, IMDB.com

On the web Brooklyn Arts Council, “Return, Remember: Ephemeral Memorials in the Legacy of September 11th”: brooklynarts council.org/ documents/ 1711 “Sept. 11: Bearing Witness to History,” Smithsonian National American History Museum: american history.si.edu/ september11/ index.asp

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9/11 ANNIVERSARY

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Now and Then New York NOW: Far left, construction

continues on Freedom Tower, center, and the 9/11 Memorial and Museum at Ground Zero in New York in this May 2011 photo. Freedom Tower is expected to be completed by January 2014. Constuctution of the 9/11 Memorial and Museum is expect to be finished by September 2012.

THEN: Left, a New York City firefighter looks at the ruins of the World Trade Center at dawn on Sept. 12, 2001, a day after the terrorist attacks.

Submitted photos

Shanksville, Pa. NOW: Below, friends and

We will always remember those that were taken from us on that day!

family still place tributes to loved ones lost on the fence overlooking the Flight 93 site in Shanksville, Pa., on July 31, 2011. Phase 1 of the permanent memorial is scheduled to open today.

A Convenience Store and A W hole Lot More!

THEN: Below, Pennsylvania State Troopers patrol the crash site of Flight 93 prior to a remembrance ceremony for the victims on Sept.

11, 2002.

The Pentagon NOW: Right, a woman sits

at the 9/11 memorial outside the Pentagon, located just south of Washington, D.C., in this July 2011 photo. Each Memorial Unit is a cantilevered bench with the name of a victim engraved on the end. The benches are aligned by age and the direction they are read shows whether the victim was in the building or on Flight 77.

THEN: Below, emergency crews try to extinguish fires at the Pentagon after an airplane crashed into the building following similar attacks on the World Trade Center towers on Sept. 11.

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A changed America Submitted graphic/Columbus Enquirer/MCT

DAVID GOLDSTEIN MCCLATCHY NEWSPAPERS

The day began in crystalline sunlight and endlessly blue skies, but soon whipsawed into a decade of war, economic meltdown and deep political division.

Ten years after Islamic terrorists hijacked passenger jets and crashed them into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on Sept. 11, 2001, the America that emerged from the smoke and rubble was in some ways a very different country.

How different?

First, a story: It’s said that when President Richard Nixon made his groundbreaking visit to Communist China in 1972, he asked Premier Zhou Enlai what he thought about the French Revolution.

It’s unclear if Zhou thought Nixon was asking about the political upheaval of 1789 or the Paris student demonstrations just four years earlier. In any case he replied: “Too soon to tell.”

It might be too soon to fully understand the impact of 9/11 as well.

Did it somehow help spark the Arab Spring because our response unleashed so much upheaval in the Middle East?

Or the Tea Party, which harnessed an anxiety that America had lost control of events and turned that into an intimidating political force?

It was easier to gauge the fallout on the day itself. From the moment of impact, the terrorists struck not only concrete and steel, but the very notion of American might and invincibility.

From crowded cities to onestoplight towns, from farmsteads to factories and across the rugged spaces where the singular character of America has been mythically chiseled and shaped, the nation held its collective breath.

Perhaps we still do.

Don’t many of us pause when we hear the unmistakable scream of a jet engine in downward flight – and wait?

“I think 9/11 and its aftermath years later were a shock to our national consciousness because of the way we thought about ourselves and our place in the world,” said Nicholas Burns, the American ambassador to NATO at the time and a top State Department official during the Iraq War. “It has been a much more difficult, much more fearful time for us.”

Sept. 11 has made an indelible impact on the American psyche Historian Douglas Brinkley said 9/11 put America into an unfamiliar “defensive crouch.”

It triggered a mad rush to protect ourselves. We endorsed government measures that pierced the privacy of email and telephones, and created a mammoth security bureaucracy that frisked nuns at airports – but, two Christmases ago, missed a would-be bomber with explosives tucked into his underwear.

In the relentless search for security, we’ve wrestled with questions that go to the heart of who we are.

Have warrantless wiretaps made us safer or just chipped away at the wall that protects the public from overzealous authority?

Has torturing suspected terrorists saved American lives or undermined the values we trumpet around the world?

Photographs from Abu Ghraib, the infamous Baghdad prison where Americans abused and tortured Iraqis, then put them on display, shocked the world. Is that who we’ve become?

“I don’t think America ever lost touch with the good part of itself,” said former Sen. Bob Kerrey, a member of the 9/11 commission and a Congressional Medal of Honor winner who lost part of a leg during combat in Vietnam.

Casualties, cynicism mount Nearly 3,000 people died on Sept. 11. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq that followed have so far claimed 6,000 American lives and tens of thousands of civilians in each country. Military suicides are at record levels. Another 45,000 U.S. troops have been wounded, some in devastating ways, and will forever bear the scars of their service.

Troops are coming home, but “there are no victory parades,” Burns said.

The country is spent – emotionally and fiscally. The wars have cost us more than $1 trillion, all on credit, and that’s come back to haunt us.

“Lots of kids ran down to the recruiting office,” said Paul Rieckhoff, who led an infantry platoon in Iraq and now is executive director of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, a nonpartisan

activist group.

“I don’t think they thought they’d do five tours and come home to find an unprepared VA (Veterans Administration) and unprepared work environment.”

The wars took their toll in other ways as well. The invasion of Iraq became shrouded in a fog of questionable motives.

The war in Afghanistan, where the 9/11 plot was hatched, turned into a sideshow.

Then just months after combat in Iraq began in 2003, former President George W. Bush declared “mission accomplished.” Yet the fighting continued for years. Casualties mounted, as did mistrust and cynicism over the entire undertaking.

How different was his quick claim of victory from what President Franklin D. Roosevelt told Americans in 1942 about the rough going yet to come in World War II? “Your government has unmistakable confidence in your ability to hear the worst, without flinching or losing heart. … In a democracy there is always a solemn pact of truth between government and the people.”

Was there any wonder when support for the war, if not the warriors, began to slip?

“When there are wars being fought and a sense of purpose has not been clear to the public, with problems being so complex, people do lose their trust in leadership,” said presidential historian Doris Kearns Goodwin.

Cultural division progresses Though the dots didn’t all connect, 9/11 for many became a lens for viewing everything that came after: The wars, a sagging economy, the social and cultural rancor. They provided coherence to the notion that the day was a point of demarcation.

America has long been “deeply divided on who it is and where we should go and what our priorities should be,” said Richard Land, president of the Ethics and Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention. “I think 9/11 has probably sharpened it and perhaps revealed those divisions.”

Submitted photo

A flag containing the names of those killed in the Sept. 11 attacks on display inside the 9/11 chapel at the Pentagon.

Resentments festered.

Fringe issues became mainstream. Decorum disappeared.

“You lie!” a congressman shouted at President Barack Obama during a speech. Critics questioned the president’s citizenship and warned that “death panels” in his health reform plan would decide the fate of the elderly. Lawmakers worried inexplicably that Islamic religious law, or Sharia, might gain a foothold.

“It just seems as if the post-9/11 world has been a world in which our country seems to show itself as not very good in solving problems anymore,” said historian Michael Kazin of Georgetown University. “Both parties reflect this sense that America is not working very well, that we’re not able to set goals and achieve them.”

A brief moment of national unity did occur in the immediate aftermath of 9/11. The country became a tapestry of shared grief. Leaders spoke with one voice.

“There was this sense there would be this profound change for the better,” said documentary filmmaker Ken Burns. “Americans were coming together in an unusually powerful way … in the ashes.

We live in a bittersweet memory of that collective tragedy and collective possibility. It hasn’t been the same since.”

Abraham Lincoln talked about the power of shared national sorrow and sacrifice at his first inaugural when he

spoke of the “mystic chords of memory stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave.” They bind us to our past, he seemed to be saying, and we will best weather whatever befalls us together.

Sept. 11, was that kind of common moment.

When it was over, the Earth still turned in its usual orbit and the stars in the nighttime sky burned like a

billion distant campfires. But the universe had shifted somehow.

“The moment before the towers fell and the moment after feels to me absolutely like a hinge moment in world history,” said playwright Tony Kushner.

Though we’ve felt the impact of 9/11, more will yet unfold. Ten years on, it still might be “too soon to tell.”

10 Years Later ...

WE REMEMBER SEPTEMBER 11, 2011 A decade has passed since the terrorist attacks of September 11 shocked our nation and the world, forever changing so many lives and the course of history. Today we pause to honor the memory of those who perished, and salute those who answered the call of duty. Their courage and their sacrifice will never be forgotten.

On September 11, 2011, we remain grateful to the heroes of 9/11 and to our men and women in uniform. We remain committed to the ideals of freedom, liberty and justice for all.

We remain united as Americans.

God Bless America

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