USING MULTIMEDIA IN LEARNING
Nora Osorio Gir贸n 09/03/11
INTRODUCTION
Multimedia has the potential to extend the amount and type of information available to learners. Multimedia can offer layers of beneficial resources, provide information that can lead learners to frustration and overload, or anything in between, or can give the best results. Online instruction can include explanations, links to resources, simulations, illustrations and photographs, and many types of activities that can also include multiple media. Multimedia has come to change the concept of education and has helped evolution of learning. Now there are different skills that students have to manage in order to acquire useful knowledge to use in real life. Using multimedia and not only plain text has made education easier to present and faster to retain.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Multimedia Projects Evolution of Multimedia Knowledge Acquisition Advantages and Disadvantages of Multimedia Formats Skills Developed by using multimedia Higher Order Thinking Skills Group and Interpersonal Skills Technical Skills Questions that can be asked when choosing a topic Media Projects Selecting a project Goals Organizing Information Benefits of organizing information Examples of Organization of Information Multimedia Project in schools, industry, magazines. Creator’s view of Project Critic’s Circle General Steps Media Main Goals Process Steps Multimedia and Technology Seven Principles of Good Practice in Technology Visual Cues and Importance of High Quality Design Programs that Support Teaching with Multimedia Flash Compilation of flash samples and tutorials Power Point as an Authoring Tool Prezi as a Presentation Tool
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MULTIMEDIA PROJECTS A simple definition of multimedia can be the combination of text, audio, animation, video, images or graphics and interactivity. Each media is focused to reach the human senses. Each one of them has the potential to increase learning depending on the use they are given. Evolution of Multimedia At first: Multimedia was: a class listening and hearing a presentation, which most of the time, requires audio tape with a projector. Later: Large audiences seeing and listening more complex information, which require several audio tapes players, slide projectors, movie projectors. Now: Individual or small groups. Now people use personal computer to interact with information. Students can use some especial programs like Microsoft word. The evolution of multimedia has consequently enhanced students to become more active in the process of learning and creating their own projects which takes them from a passive to an active stage.
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KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION An interesting data is that we humans retain only 20% of what we see, from 20% to 30% of what we hear, and about 40% to 50% of what we both see and hear. And that we can retain up to 80% of what we see, hear, and do at the same time. That is why multimedia is so important in teaching subjects, it becomes a more meaningful learning and it is more likely to go to our long term memory. Maybe a better way to think of multimedia is to consider our senses, for example: SIGHT is the main acquisition sense of humans, so adding images and video to text can exploit this sense. HEAR is important too, because we retain sound better than images, so audio becomes an efficient way to acquire knowledge. In that way, if a multimedia project appeals to more than only one sense isolated, it will increase memorization. And it would be better if practicing is added to what we see and hear. A mix of sounds, images, videos or other multimedia elements may grab student’s attention in a better way than reading plain text. Meaningful knowledge is constructed by using multimedia environments, by selecting text and images from the presented material, by organizing those words and images into coherent mental representations, and integrating both formats to get a meaningful learning. According to what content you want to teach, it is what you will include in your project because it will depend on the context, the content and the learners. There are situations in which it is better to use only sounds and images, for example, and result better than using interaction and construction. It supports the notion that not always “more is better”. It has to be well prepared and considered what kind of tools you will use. The integration of multimedia into primary and secondary classrooms supports goals of National Education Technology Standards established for both students and teachers by the International Society for Technology in Education. In particular, student goals include that they use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively. Related to this is that teachers demonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and understanding of concepts related to technology, which would include development of multimedia competency. 2
Some of multimedia methodologies which are good to include in learning could be: Tutorials: Which include a clear presentation and guidance of the material presented. Drills: This is repetitious exercise of some material to provide practice to get a defined skill. Hypermedia: It focuses on information using several methods of exploration and navigation, and can be used to present information. Simulations: Are a mix of on tutorials and drills, they provide a precursor to real phenomena, and give learners experiences that otherwise might not be possible for they would be dangerous or unobservable and even inaccessible. Open-ended learning environments: These permit students setting their goals to find the better solution to meaningful problems; they can experiment, interpret, analyze, learn from errors, revise their thinking, and collaborate with others. Educational games: They are fun and allow practice which integrates learning across many subject areas. Computerized tests: They give students the chance to evaluate their progress and assessment of knowledge, skills, or performance.
Advantages and Disadvantages of some multimedia formats: Some of the strengths and weaknesses of some multimedia formats are discussed as follows: Text is consider a passive medium which is overused, some examples of text can be paper, digital, manuals, online chats, discussion questions, blogging. They any way are useful for activities like synthesis, evaluation and reflection. Audio is suitable for explanations, accessibility and pronunciation and it is faster than typing, and certainly appeals to auditory learners, but learners can tune-out or ignore the audio. Visuals are good material that enriches text and can be used in any task. The cost can be low if you are using already made clip art and digital photos; it is more expensive if you are using animations or video. Video is considered a passive media when using it as a teaching tool, it can be too difficult to make a video and difficult to modify. In the other hand it is useful for multiple learners in lectures, explanations, and detailed demonstrations of complex tasks can be stored, and reviewed multiple times.
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SKILLS DEVELOPED BY USING MULTIMEDIA Using multimedia enhances the use of to multiple intelligences which links to Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Here we present the multimedia formats and the intelligence each of them appeal: Verbal: text, reports Musical: sounds Spatial Visual: images, animations. Logical: navigation and project management, interactivity. Interpersonal: group work and collaborative learning. Intrapersonal: understanding, confidence, and self-management Multimedia software can develop a wide range of student abilities, including research, time management, organizational, presentation, and reflective thinking skills. But it has to be modeled by the teacher. The skills that students might develop by using multimedia in their learning are: Project Management Skills Research Skills Organization and Representation Skills Presentation Skills Reflection Skills Students develop high order thinking skills Enhancing interpersonal group skills Presenting and organizing knowledge Learning how to make effective use of computer and media. 4
One key component is to make our students effectively and efficiently active in selecting, representing, and organizing knowledge rather than passive. It is very important if they select the information they want in the project as well as the links for having meaningful organization. The appliance of a multimedia project helps students to have a better learning rather than having a report made of text or images that goes from the sequence beginning to the end. Creating a multimedia project in a computer improve students understanding of how to use links for visualizing more specific details and organizing information in a better and meaningful way. In general, creating more multimedia project not only enhance their thinking skills but also the get use to use different methods when applying hypermedia for organizing information.
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HIGHER- ORDER THINKING SKILLS Identifying a topic’s most important issues Focusing on, articulating, and answering questions about the most important issues Designing a project with achievable goals Logical planning and thinking that results in expressible conclusions Organizing a work effort Preparing concise questions that can result in good answers Researching using a variety of possible sources of information, including on-line resources Selecting information, making conclusions, and presenting effectively
GROUP AND INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Working cooperatively and synergistically across geographical regions Completing a complex project on time Utilizing different site’s unique skills and providing for their unique needs
CONTENT MATERIAL LEARNING Facts and opinions on topics selected Scientific method and thinking
TECHNICAL SKILLS Difference between technical and economic feasibility Selection of and use of various delivery options including networking Construction and assembly of a complex, attractive multimedia project.
QUESTIONS THAT CAN BE ASKED WHEN CHOOSING A TOPIC Do we have an energy crisis and, if so, what should we do about it? What are our health care responsibilities? How real are environmental concerns for our community? Hispanics are the fastest growing minority. What are their major issues and what impact will they have on society in the United States? Sould we be spending money for manned space exploration? 6
Is there computer equity and if not what should we do about it? should there be universal access to the information superhighway? how? what role should the United states play militarily? how can the united states become economically competitive in a post-cold war world? what should the united states do about problems in south america, china and africa? how has te crime scene changed in your community and what are you doing about it? Media and Projects You always have to keep in mind that projects helps students to achieve their goals by doing, we have to make our students participate (active not passive) a. It is known that text is one of the most effective ways to express actual facts. b. The use of hyperlinks is also very important way to organize multimedia projects. c. Maps and timelines are good idea for showing sequence. d. Images or photographs is more important than words. Selecting a Project The selection of any project should have a purpose because students have to have in mind that they must achieve their goals. The desire goal will determine which project we are going o select. Goals When creating or designing multimedia projects, teachers must have a reason or reasons why and the main reason is to help them to learn, to develop abilities to analyze and give conclusions about the project. In other words, students should become master in that project.
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Organizing Information The use of links is very important because students can have the chance to find information related to others. Organizing the information is so important and so is the link; remember, if you make the right questions you will have the right answer. Students will find links more useful after they find out the relation among them. Benefits of organizing information Organizing information by relating pieces of information to one another is an essential part of constructing knowledge. Selecting an organization helps students To understand meanings and relationships among, different pieces of information. To use information, answer questions, and explain situations. Understanding the assignment Brainstorming Selecting information Discussing selection of different organizations Deciding the media Prepare scripts and story Authentic Projects A project’s creator should think about how to help users avoid getting lost in hyperspace. Here are some tips: Providing a welcome screen Do not use more than four levels of menus Providing a map Leaving footprints Providing a set of buttons that appear on nearly all screens Dividing the project into sections Helping Students Organize Information Articulating a well thought-out assignment Demonstrating examples of other projects Encouraging students to unleash their creativity by finding new metaphors for information. Motivation Using multimedia projects results in a more motivating way to make students involve their selves in learning thus it gives meaningful knowledge and makes them more active in the process. It is more attractive and interesting for them to see images and animations and special sound effects than just reading plain text, and it is even more attractive and interesting and gives them a sense of proud if they do the project themselves.
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EXAMPLES OF ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION
SHAKESPEARE ORGANIZATION
HURRICANE ORGANIZATION
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TRAVEL AGENCY ORGANIZATION TREE AND TABLE ORGANIZATION
CH 1
CH 2
CH 3
CH 4
CITY 1 CITY 2 CITY 3 CITY 4
COLUMBUS DAY ORGANIZATION
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CH 5
Multimedia Project in schools, industry, magazines, reports. School Projects In order to compete and succeed in today's digital world, school students must have the opportunity to learn how to design, create and present a host of multimedia projects. Today's students must be proficient, have advanced knowledge related to a variety multimedia outlets, including websites, podcasts, digital video projects, and presentation software such as Power Point and others. Likewise, to teach effectively, teachers must develop assessments related to the creation of these types of projects. At some points, students might be searching for multimedia ideas for a classroom project, or ways to assess students' knowledge, etc.
Industry Projects The development of online and multimedia materials is to support a wide range of knowledge construction activities including collaborative learning in industries, corporate training, research collections and tools as well as an extensive portfolio of online undergraduate and postgraduate course materials.
Magazine Projects With multimedia you can create online magazines which are interactive and more suitable for people who are not avid of buying paper. They are available on-line and have different multimedia formats.
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CREATOR’S VIEW OF PROJECT Creators organize their efforts based on the sub-topics, they prepare sections like Asymetrix multimedia ToolBook, LinkWay live or HyperCard.
Students construct and start using a skeleton set of sections that grow according to suggestions and student’s decisions.
Students keep in communication when taking decisions and decided to put buttons to every menu that let users easy navigate in the magazine. They place different options to navigate. Users can decide where to go.
Students while doing their project use the network to: • Communication • Access to information • Distribution of their work.
A network facilitates students work and shortens working and communicating time.
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CRITIC’S CIRCLE
Critic’s circle is an activity in which students become critics, teacher decides what content they are going to work on, for example: a movie, a song, a poem etc. They work in groups and give their opinion about a movie the teacher presents, using different media to present their opinions.
Teacher divides the class in groups of five.
Gives a template for them to modify it according to what they were assigned.
General Steps
Students work together, choose one student to be the critic and the others create
Join the work of every group in a same document
Teacher evaluates students work
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MEDIA
Media
• Text and Data • Graphics • Still image • Audio • Analog video • Digital video (slowframe and fullmotion)
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Input
• Computer keyboard, CD-ROM • Draw program and mouse • Paint progran, Digital camera, Video camera, Scanner
Output
• Computer display screen, • Printer • Plotter • Digital audio adapter and Amplified speaker • T V monitor
MAIN GOALS • Formulating viewpoints Higher – Order Thinking Skills
Group and Interpersonal Skills
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• Choosing among different view points • Analyzing and meaningfully communicating contradictory opinions • Synthesizing and composing a concise summary • Articulating and refining an oral statement • Imagination and empathy • Role playing to cover a range of opinions
• Recognizing a spectrum of different, valid opinions on the same subject Working successfully in a group, including choosing roles • Noting what different people react to in the selected movie
Content Material Learning
• Expository writing • Deeper understanding of tensions involved in content • Dramatic and production values • Content of movie or other subject discussed
Technical Skills
• Recording voice • Creating and recording images • Linking to provide coherent and logical organization • Express opinions in text, graphics and speech • Creating expressive graphic icons • Using text for a formal summary of opinions • Modifying a template
PROCESS STEPS
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MULTIMEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY There are several ways to share information using technology. They are called environments. They are worldwide transmitted information useful to the best source adequacy and use. Among them we can mention: E-books: They allow to see information on line, are in the layout of a conventional book. Images: Give us the idea to be transmitted in just a blink. Audio: Give us the opportunity to hear sounds, speeches, environments for different situations. Documents: There are different software to present text documents. Commics: Entertain and develop creativity Presentations: Condensed information presented in order and well explained. Videos: You can see and hear
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SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF GOOD PRACTICE IN TECHNOLOGY
In 1987 the “Seven Principles of Good Practice” were created, resulting in new communication and information technologies becoming the major sources for teaching and learning. The Seven Principles help to empower the use of new technologies into a consistent way. Nowadays new technologies are being developed and explored, these technologies have multiple capabilities but to deliver these into education a guide is required. A guide may work for all the technologies or some technologies can be worked with a certain guide. The Seven Principles of Good Practice provides the way to use effectively computers, videos, and telecommunications in education.
7 PRINCIPLES 1. Good Practice Encourages Contacts between Students and Faculty Communication between students and faculty members is important to increase student motivation and involvement. With technology communications this contact has improved because it reaches most students despite their shyness in some of them, lack of time in other cases and gives the students the chance to go beyond and ask other things they may need to, in order to understand better a topic. The use of e-mail at first was only to deliver homework to the teacher, but now, with other available tools such as computer conferencing and chats, gives the opportunity to converse and exchange work faster and safer than before and in a better way than being face – to – face. Using asynchronic communication gives students the chance to analyze what they are going to ask and to write, avoiding unnecessary details. . 18
2. Good Practice Develops Reciprocity and Cooperation Among Students Collaborative work is enhances with the use of technology because it is easier to be in communication among students and with faculties. Using cooperative learning is better because members in the group help each other to accomplish tasks and each member learns from the others. But it has to be team effort and not isolated cooperation. Group work is strengthened when using communication tools.
3. Good practice uses active learning techniques. Practice makes excellent teachers. In order to have a meaningful learning practicing knowledge plays an important role. So in technology everybody needs to practice to developed skills. Everybody learns by doing, not only by watching or hearing. To improve learning: Students need to have activities that require the use of technology. Support students.
4. Good Practice Gives Prompt Feedback Knowing what you know and still don’t know help you to focus your learning. Students need opportunities to perform and receive feedback, to reflect on what they have learned and need to learn. Technology provides different ways to give feedback. E-mail Simulations Videos Blog comments E-portfolios
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Computers can also keep track of the actions done to demonstrate how much knowledge has been gained. By using technology giving feedback becomes more meaning for the student.
5. Good Practice Emphasizes Time on Task Value time is important to meaningful learning. With technology the amount of time people spend it is important in order to increase knowledge.
6. Good Practice Communicates High Expectations. “expecting to have more� is a good motivation, a motivation applied for all type of students, when someone try to get something bigger and powerful every day, it is known that this person will get it, because his vision of the results will search to fulfill the expectations. New technologies can communicate high expectations explicitly and efficiently, because it sharpens their cognitive skills of analysis, synthesis, application, and evaluation. This is because students know that at the end of their work, their results will we shown in the internet, so they search by themselves to obtain the best results they can.
7. Good Practice Respects Diverse Talents and Ways of Learning Students need opportunities to show their talents and learn in ways that work for them. Every one of the students in a classroom have different ways to learn, so they need to use different methods and activities; internet provides us, as teachers, many opportunities to enhance our students into knowledge, and this is because it provides us a lot of resources of information and application. Students need to become familiar with the Principles and be more assertive with respect to their own learning. When confronted with teaching strategies and course requirements that use technologies in ways contrary to the Principles, students should, if possible, move to alternatives that serve them better.
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Visual cues and importance of high quality design
The arrangement and presentation of text and images can aid or hinder effective communication.
One key aspect of print design is providing visual signposts or visual cues that let readers know where they are and where they are going.
Signposting breaks up text and images into readable, easy-to-follow blocks or panels of information. Artwork: Photos and captions Clip art Charts and graphs Elaborated initial caps Titles: Nameplate/title page Headlines Secondary headings including kickers decks and subheads Paragraph Emphasis and Organization: Solid blocks of unbroken text are difficult to read. Text is made more readable by breaking up the text and using visual indicators to show where paragraphs start and end. Character Emphasis Using bold or italics text is one common method of letting the readers know what information is especially important or noteworthy.
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PROGRAMS THAT SUPPORT TEACHING WITH MULTIMEDIA Nowadays there are several software programs that help teachers to design projects including multimedia. Among them we can mention:
FLASH Animation interaction multimedia Flash can not only be used to produce animation, it can help you to create graphics, audio, video, animation and can any of them can run, be exported or saved on different sources like web browser, CD, hand-held devices and for different purposes. Source versions: Are the files which can be viewed and modified with the program, they contain the basic media, timeline and script information and are in the extension .fla Compressed versions: They are called Flash movies and it is only to view with FlashPlayer, they can be not modified, they have the extension -.swf Executable versions: These are versions that can be developed in FlashPlayer but require more space, they are most often found in projects that are on CD. The files associated with Flash projects include . fla (Flash program), .swf, (ShochWave Flash movies), .as, (ActionScript), .flv (Flash video file).
Flash environment When working with Flash you use IDE ( Integrated Development Environment) in which users can work with the STAGE in which you work the visual aspects of your project. TIMELINE which is like an electronic spreadsheet that shows rows and columns that represent frames and layers. 22
MEDIA OBJECTS are usually imported into the library. Then dragged onto the stage in the way they are needed and in the particular frame that will use them. ACTIONSCRIPT code in which an object-oriented scripting language is used to give interactions and controls. GRAPHICS There are two kinds of graphics used in Flash projects: BITMAPS: This are made of dots that form the shape, photos and many files are bitmap. They take lots of space but are useful for your projects. VECTORS: Graphics are made of individual shapes, lines and locations. They look good reduced or enlarged. They do not take much space. Because Flash doesn’t have the enough options to work graphics, you can create them using Adobe Fireworks or other program. Try to get software at no cost if you don’t have commercial purposes. BUILDING GRAPHIC ELEMENTS FOR A PROJECT Try to keep it simple. Using simple shapes like trees, suns, houses or something like those. Do not add too many items in a single screen because the audience can get overwhelm or confused.
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COMPILATION OF FLASH SAMPLES AND TUTORIALS The following are sites that can help you know flash better to make your own projects.
Contents
Links
Other file forms supported by Flash
Adobe Flash
Flash Proffesional features
What's New in Flash Professional CS5
Authoring desktops
across
devices
and What's New in Adobe Flash Professional CS5
Simple steps to start working with flash
Getting Started
How to create your flash project
Creating Your First Flash Professional CS5 Document
Vector and /Directions
bitmap
graphics About Drawing
Drawing modes and graphic objects
Drawing Modes and Graphic Objects
Drawing settings
Drawing Preferences
Drawing tools explanation
Draw Simple Lines and Shapes
Pen Tool settings and options
Draw with the Pen Tool
Deco Tool settings and options
Drawing Patterns with the Decorative Drawing Tool
Spray Tool options
Apply Patterns with the Spray Brush Tool
Display and adjust points with Reshape Lines and Shapes Subselection Tool How to move, realign, change Transforming Objects transformation Modify settings
Combining Objects
Selection Tools
Selecting Objects
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Transformation Tools and Modify Arranging Objects settings Snapping tolerances and settings
Snapping Art into Position
Tools that help moving and copying Moving and Copying Objects objects Delete Objects
Different ways to delete objects
How to set color to shapes and Colors, Gradients, and Strokes drawings Graphics in
3D Graphics
Learning to Publish
sample files
Flash Videos
Adobe Flash Professional
How to start
Getting Started (GS): What is Flash Professional CS5? (Length: 0.59 min)
Flach screens, environment.
tools
and GS-01 - Understanding the Flash Environment (1:12 min)
Frames and keyframes
GS-02 Understanding Frames and Keyframes (2:54 min)
Library Panel
GS-03 Understanding the Library Panel (3:57 min)
Symbols
GS-04 Using Symbols (2:04 min)
Nesting Symbols
GS-05 Nesting Symbols (1:37 min)
Mocie Clips
GS-06 Understanding Movie Clips (2:16 min)
Objects and Merge drawings
GS-07 Understanding Object and Merge Drawing (3:30 min)
Stage Contents/layer distribution
GS-08 Distributing Stage Content to Layers (1:42 min)
Text layout Framework
GS-10 Introducing the Text Layout Framework (2:01 min)
Text Tool
GS-11 Using the Text Tool to Create TLF Test (6:04 min)
Creating Buttons
GS-12 Creating Button Symbols (2:42 min)
Free Transform Tool
Free Transformation Tool Explained, The (6:41 min)
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Layers
How to Merge Layers (1:07 min)
Text Engine
New Text Engine (4:31 min)
Online Training
IT Training's Lynda page
Image Manipulation Program
GIMP
Image Authoring
ImageMagicK
Graphic Effects Guide
Graphic Effects Learning Guide for Flash
Drawing and Editing Shapes
Drawing and Editing Shapes in Flash
Gradients
Make and Edit Gradients
Drawing Tips
Couple More Drawing Tips, A
Importing objects
Import Graphics and Sound
Creating Scenes
Create a Sample Scene
Shortcuts for Mac
Flash CS5 Keyboard Shortcuts (Mac)
Shortcuts for Windows
Flash CS5 Keyboard Shortcuts (Windows)
Upgrading chart
Flash Professional Upgrade Chart
Learning Flash (Blogsite)
CS5 Tutorials )
Series of outstanding Flash tutorials
Flash Basics
Series of outstanding Flash CS5 Flash CS5 tutorials At Layers: The How-To Magazine Flash CS5 for Everything from Adobe Components at Cartoon Smart
Flash Tutorials (length 54:08 min)
Drawing Tutorial
Flash Drawing Tutorial (58:56 min)
Tutorials for creating types of graphics YouTube tutorials
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different VectorKid
Search for 'Flash CS5 Tutorial' on YouTube and you'll find many
Power Point as an Authoring Tool Power Point is a powerful authoring tool for students and teachers when creating classroom projects and presentations. Sometimes, creators forget to consider the audience perspective in the presentation. The following questions help you to make a good presentation: What are the purposes of slides? Who is going to be the audience? How many slides are needed in a presentation for the allotted time? What type of animation will be adequate in the slides if any? How many levels of indentation can still be seen from the distance? Will Internet access be available if you use hyperlinks to Web resources? If so, will the connection speed be sufficient for accessing and viewing multimedia content? Power Point slides outline the session, and contain key points to emphasize to an audience. The main idea you must have in mind when preparing a PPT is that this is only a tool to accompany the presentation, it is not the script to be read. The audience will see only one slide at the time and they deserve a logical relation between what you say and what is in the slide but not just to read it. The presenter needs to be proficient in speaking, maintain eye contact with the audience, use the appropriate movements and gestures and using a language adequate and interesting for the audience. Slides can be used to demonstrate something visual that discussion cannot replicate and can incorporate all multimedia types: graphics, audio and video, and hyperlinks to the Web. Hyperlinks can be used to give the presentation a non-linear layout. In the classroom, Power Point can be used to post lectures for students who are not able to attend school. Slides can easily be updated for additional presentations. It can be used to develop interactive multimedia programs for individualized learning. Each slide can contain a notes page. Notes remind the presenter of what to say about the content of the slide and any bullet points provided. The audience does not see these notes during the slide show. Think ahead as you develop your presentation. An audience appreciates resources, references, contact information, and handouts used in the presentation. 27
As you develop a project that might have 15-20 slides or more, the references will grow. A complete listing of resources and references used might be placed at the end. Add references or resource at each slide if necessary because it is better to do it right away than accumulate a long list of references. It is good to include a slide in which you include contact information in the case of further questions. Finally, audiences appreciate handouts of the presentation slides so that they can place notes next to a particular slide. Slides can be printed with or without the author's notes pages. Power Point includes options for printing slides with lines for notes, or multiple slides on a page. The following are some tips that might be useful for a good Power Point presentation: Provide adequate contrast between text color and the background. Use few slides because too many slides may lose the audience. Number each slide so that the audience has a perspective on the length of you presentation. Expand your oral explanation upon bulleted points. Avoid those repetitive sounds and bullet points and content that flies in on the click of the mouse. Dialog has to be according to the slide content. Fading words diminish their importance, so avoid the use of this animation. Use font sizes no less than 20 points. For the audience to be able to read it. Use only two levels of indentation for readability. Avoid excessive animation and sound that do not support content. Any graphics used has to support content of a slide. Check spelling and grammar all slides before presenting. Always double check that all hyperlinks work and go to the correct slide and back. Test you presentation from the back of a room so you know your audience perspective before presenting. Know your audience. The following link gives you many Power Point templates for free: http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/
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PREZI AS A PRESENTATION TOOL Prezi is an online or downloadable authoring zooming information tool. It is easy to create your presentations on this program and results very interesting for audience. It is a little bit different from Power Point but very different when is about interesting audience. It can be used with educational ends. Prezi is not the mental schema
same as PowerPoint, it is not linear, it adjusts to the of the author and it is necessary to unclear to learn. Try to forget about who Power Point presents information and try to make it different. Using this tool you can place information any way you want. You can start by creating five or six slides to start practicing. You can frame some concepts in signs or circles. There you can change the size of the words and place a Word inside of another word using the smaller size of Font. Check that the presentation has enough separation of concepts in order of not seeing them mixed with the others.
With Prezi it is possible to insert an image and include a concept inside of it. The following, is a link in which you can find a tutorial of how to use prezi. It is easy and very useful.
http://prezi.com/yqfu-lxm9kxr/tutorial-prezi-en-espanol-aprender-a-utilizarlo-en-15-minutosacademia-prezi/
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CONCLUSION Multimedia is an important part of teaching as it facilitates the access to information, the way images and videos and all multimedia tools are presented. Communication is easier than some years ago. Education has evolved thanks to technology and the use in multimedia in education. The skills that students have to develop are quite different from the skills of 10 years ago. Learning is occurring faster, it goes besides the changes and in technology advances. Using multimedia for education has become a necessary ability for teachers because students and environment are different. It is only matter of learning how to apply the multimedia tools we have to keep students interested and motivated in learning, a meaningful learning.
Refferences: Deubel, P. (2011). Technology integration: Multimedia in projects. Retrieved Month, Day, Year, from Computing Technology for Math Excellence Web site: http://www.ct4me.net/multimedia_in_projects.htm IMPLEMENTING THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES: Technology as Lever Chickering, Arthur and Stephen C. Ehrmann (1996), "Implementing the Seven Principles: Technology as Lever," AAHE Bulletin, October, pp. 3-6. La Web 2.0 y sus aplicaciones didácticas © Dr. Pere Marquès Graells, 2007 (última revisión: 26/05/11 )