Smart Cities Design Charrette Report August 2018 by Ecology North

NORTHERN DARK SKY Infrastructure Canada’s Smart Cities Challenge

COMMUNITY DESIGN CHARRETTE AUGUST 9 - 10, 2018

1 © Emily Hon, 2016

THE PROPOSAL The City of Yellowknife is one of twenty finalists amongst 225 participating communities in the Smart Cities Challenge, a crossCanada competition that encourages communities to adopt datadriven technology solutions to improve quality of life. Yellowknife’s proposal is created by the City of Yellowknife and Ecology North, in partnership with White Arkitekter AB (Sweden) and Northlands Utilities, is inspired by the “Dark Sky” movement to reduce light pollution in urban areas. The proposal centres around «the lamp post as a beacon for sustainability». It reduces light pollution with smart sensors-equipped street lights, while also aiming to go much further. Through this proposal, the City of Yellowknife is making the street light a symbol of social, economic, and environmental sustainability by allowing modifications and modular additions to its structure to enhance its functionality, and engaging the conversation on urban retrofit and sustainable transitions. This could include anything from air quality sensors to electric vehicle charging stations. Just like a smartphone, the smart street light is able to accept myriad apps and modular add-ons that will have different functions throughout the city. As one of the finalists for the Smart Cities Challenge $5M prize, the project partners have received $250k to pilot some of the proposal technologies and to prepare a final proposal. The City’s first step was to turn to the community to better understand their needs, values and aspirations. Thus, a two-day charrette, run by Ecology North and White Arkitekter AB, was held on August 9th and 10th in 2018, it brought together representatives from a wide range of community groups and stakeholders to answer the question:

« How can the street light become a beacon for sustainability? » In this sense, the purpose of the charrette was to ensure that the needs of the community were met in the proposal put forward by the City of Yellowknife to Infrastructure Canada. Its other primary goal was to probe the concerns, values and aspirations of the people of Yellowknife when it comes to using technology to improve quality of life; thereby strengthening the sense of belonging of the individuals involved, and encouraging their engagement in future decision-making. This document summarizes the activities and discussions that took place during the charrette, and the resulting trends and conclusions.

Mark Heyck Mayor, City of Yellowknife

Rebecca Alty Council Member City of Yellowknife « I love how easy it’s to get around and how close nature is. »

Craig Scott Executive Director Ecology North (staff)

ECOLOGY NORTH

« I like the walkability and density of the community. »

Mike Auger Manager Sustainability and Solid Waste, City of Yellowknife

Chris Goit Network Administrator, City of Yellowknife

« I like all the opportunities that we have here : education, careers, arts, sports, anything you can think of. »

William Gagnon Green Buildings & Environmental Advocacy Specialist Ecology North (staff) « The empowered community. »

Laura Bush Communications Specialist, Ecology North (staff) « I like the balance of small town and big city. »

NORTHLAND UTILITIES

Niels de Bruin Landscape Architect, White Arkitekter AB

Marie-France Stendahl Architect, White Arkitekter AB

« It’s easy to get along with people. »

« I like the green mobility. »

WHITE ARKITEKTER AB

Jason Newton Engineering Lead, Northland Utilities « I like the people and the sense of community. »

Chris Vaughn Sustainability Projects Coordinator, City of Yellowknife «The many opportunities to learn, experience and contribute to the community.»

Thevishka Kanishkan Lanscape Architecture Intern Ecology North (staff)

Iman Kassam Communications and Economic Development Officer, City of Yellowknife « I love the community of Yellowknife that is very versatile and diverse. »

Harshen Manickum Senior Systems Analyst, City of Yellowknife « I like the people. »

Holly Ferris Homelessness Specialist, City of Yellowknife «The sense of community.»

CITY OF YELLOWKNIFE

Antonin Boulanger Cartier Architecture Intern, Ecology North (staff)

Eric McNair-Landry Polar Explorer, Pittarak Expeditions (board)

Branda Le Youth Director, Ecology North (board)

« I like the proximity with nature. »

« I really love the lake, its connection to the Old Town and the house boat community. »

« I love the strong sense of community and the nature. »

What do you like best about Yellowknife? PARTICIPANTS 5

YELLOWKNIVES DENE FIRST NATION

Elizabeth Liske Community Project Coordinator, Land and Environment Dep. Yellowknives Dene First Nation « I like the winters and all the winter activities. »

ARCHITECTURE

Bronwyn Rorke Architect, Department of Infrastructure, Government of the Northwest Territories « I love the people of Yellowknife. »

Linda Todd Program Coordinator, Arctic Energy Alliance « I like living beside Great Slave Lake: it’s wonderful. » 6

ARCTIC ENERGY ALLIANCE

Stephen Fancott Senior Architect « Oh! I like living near Great Slave Lake. »

Alex Borowiecka Landscape Architect, NWT Association of Landscape Architecture « I like my little neighbourhood that is part of the large neighbourhood that is Yellowknife. »

TOURISM

Daniel Gagnon Tourist from Quebec, CA Researcher, Hydro-Quebec

Astrid Gagnon Tourist from Quebec, CA Verificator, Government of Canada

Cathie Bolstad Chief Executive Officer, Northwest Territories Tourism

« There is no traffic. »

« I like the proximity with the water. »

« I love that I live 6 minutes from my job, 30 seconds from my kayak on the bay at home. »

JOURNALISM

Christopher Clarke Facility Planner, Health & Social Services GNWT

Grégoire Blais-Dufour Reporter, Journal l’Aquilon

« My land and my family. »

GNWT INFRA

« There is opportunity for progress and capacity-building around sustainability and green initiatives. »

What do you like best about Yellowknife?

PARTICIPANTS 7

CHARETTE PROCESS DAY 1 INTRODUCTION Charrette opening by Mark Heyck, Mayor, City of Yellowknife & Elizabeth Liske, Yellowknives Dene First Nation WARM UP Yellowknife Quiz ! -Icebreaking activity.

Framing the problem * All participants were organically divided into 5 teams.

Brainstorming * All participants were again organically divided into 5 teams.

ACTIVITY 1 Love and hate on map. Identifying the good and the bad about Yellowknife. ACTIVITY 2 The United Nations Sustainable Goals and targets

ACTIVITY 3 The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability. Building upon identified goals and targets from activity 2. ACTIVITY 4 Summarizing

DAY 2 REVIEW The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability BRAINSTORMING Summarizing. Technical review, project timeline, planning, internal processes, etc. 9

WORKSHOP DAY 1 The City of Yellowknife, Ecology North, White Arkitekter AB, and Northlands Utilities were well-represented on the first day of the charrette, with at least one representative per organization. More importantly, the first day welcomed many Yellowknifers from a diverse range of groups, including but not limited to the tourism industry, academia, architects, landscape architects, and the Yellowknives Dene First Nation. The day officially began when Mark Heyck, Mayor of the City of Yellowknife, cordially shared his vision of a thriving community and how the Extraordinary Yellowknife-Northern Dark Sky City project fit in with his aspirations for development. Afterwards, each workshop participant was invited, in turn, to introduce themselves and share with the others a short answer to the question «What do you like best about Yellowknife? Once the presentations had been made, the day’s program began: in turn, the different partner members took turns to draw up, first, what the Smart Cities Challenge consisted of, and then summarized the proposal as it was submitted to Infrastructure Canada, the respective competitors’ proposals, and the objectives and expectations of this workshop day. Afterwards, all were distributed organically in 5 balanced groups in order to start the different activities planned in the program. The Community Design Charrette was developed to encourage sharing and open discussion through interactive activities: while they initially sought to identify participants’ perceptions of Yellowknife and the concept of sustainability in general, they gradually led them to express themselves on how the project could wean them off in the specific context of intelligent public lighting.

WARM UP : Yellowknife Quiz ! Starting the charrette with an icebreaker quiz about Yellowknife was fun and informative. It reminded participants of some of the geographical features of Yellowknife, such as rainfall and water quality. The answers surprised more than one!

1. HOW MANY KM THERE IS BETWEEN YELLOWKNIFE AND THE NORTH POLE? 2. IS THE POPULATION OF YELLOWKNIFE IN OVER OR UNDER 20,000? 3. WHEN YELLOWKNIFE BECAME THE CAPITAL OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, B 4. WHAT ARE THE OTHER LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN YELLOWKNIFE EXCEPT ENGLISH? FRENCH, FILIPINO, VIETNAMESE, GER 5. WHAT IS THE PERCENT OF THE POPULATION OVER 65? 6. HOW MANY ARE THERE WHICH GIVE BRIGHT SUNSHINE IN DECEMBER? 7. WHEN THE YELLOWKNIFE SETTLEMENT IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE BEEN FOUNDED AROUND â&#x2C6;&#x2019;2 8. WHAT IS THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN JANUARY AND JULY? 12

3,062 KILOMETRES 19,088 1967. BEFORE 1940 OR AFTER 1960? ? RMAN, DENE, DOGRIB AND INUKTITUT. ONLY 3.6% (695 PEOPLE IN TOTAL). ONLY 10 DAYS IN 1934 D? 26 °C (−15 °F) AND 17 °C (63 °F) IN JULY 13

ACTIVITY 1 Love and hate on map

The first activity of the day asked participants to identify & locate their favourite and least favourite things about Yellowknife. Through this exercise, participants began to think critically about what makes a city functional, beautiful, and sustainable, and what doesn’t. The most common well-liked features in Yellowknife were : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

(4x) Walking Trails, bike paths, ski trails ; (3x) Somba K’e Park (Hub/Nexus) ; (3x) Open Parks (Centre of Yellowknife) + Node Parks + Pop-up park; (2x) Outdoor Activities, Ice Sports ; (2x) Folk On The Rocks ; (2x) Water, Fish Plant Connection ; (1x) Active Mobility ; (1x) Tommy Forrest Ballpark ; (1x) Sand Pits ; (1x) Community Gardens ; (1x) Downtown Tourism ; (1x) Connection to Ndilo ; (1x) Johnson’s Supplies Clean Up ; (1x) Pilot’s Monument ; (1x) Rock Outcrop Areas ; (1x) Old Town Tourism ; (1x) Trash Formation ; (1x) Kame Lake Junk Mish Mash ; (1x) Post Office Plaza History + Site for NGO activities ; (1x) Old Town Glassworks (Nexus) ; (1x) Giant Mine Remediation ;

The most common disliked features in Yellowknife were :

Material : 1:5000 scale map of the city of Yellowknife (showed technical data including buildings, schools, roads and trails, parks and open spaces, waterbodies, snowmobiles trails and, most importantly, current street lights); thumbs up and down paper; pencils; colored post-it; tacks. 14

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

(3x) Insufficient Transit (full at peak hours/lack of punctuality) ; (1x) 3$ Bus Fare ; (1x) Bike Path on 52nd (wrong location); (1x) Arsenic (Frame Lake) ; (1x) No beaches (Frame Lake) ; (1x) Water Treatment Plant Lighting ; (1x) Frame Lake Trails (lack of connections) ; (1x) Niven Lake (houses are too close to one another) ; (1x) Waste Water/Water Management ; (1x) Colored Lights on Lampposts ; (1x) Social Issues (Alchohol + Homeless) ; (1x) Twin Pine Condos ; (1x) Old Airport Road (only businesses, great opportunity for new uses) ; (1x) Finlayson Drive (only residential) (1x) Niven Solo Wealth Disparity ; (1x) The Mall ; (1x) Airport Accessibility ; (1x) Traffic on Deh Cho Blvd ;

SUMMARY : Of course, the results presented were all as numerous as the participants themselves; it was indeed quite interesting to note that the inhabitants of the city had a much more down-to-earth vision of Yellowknife, while strangers or newcomers were still under the spell of its romanticism. Nevertheless, generally speaking, this analysis reveals certain trends of what participants seem to appreciate of the city: • • • •

Walking trails, and the walkability of the City in general ; Access to natural areas ; Yellowknife’s Old Town, which offers a great deal of charm and tourist sites ; The dump, especially the re-store and salvaging areas ;

consensual dislikes: • Air and water pollution from the mines, which are now part of our environmental legacy ; • The discrepancies in income and privileges in Yellowknife society, especially when it comes to street-involved or homeless populations ; • The lack of urban design in New Town. 15

ACTIVITY 2

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and targets Activity 2 began with a brief introduction of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by Ecology North, which were used in this charrette to expand our understanding of sustainability and what it entails. The 17 SDGs and 169 targets, adopted in 2015 by the UN Member States as part of Agenda 2030, shape the sustainable development agenda for the next fifteen years (United Nations, 2015). Reconciling the three pillars of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental - these objectives fall into various fields to end extreme poverty, dismantle inequality and injustice, and fight climate change. The SDGs will be used to support a sustainable urban transition for urban retrofits. Although all SDGs will be addressed at some point in the project, participants were asked in this exercise to choose in groups of five, the 17 Goals that they felt related to Yellowknife the best ; these will then provide a more concise picture of their development concerns and aspirations.The participants discussed the SDGs with the lens of the last activity, in which they outlined what they liked and disliked about their city. Subsequently, participants were called to focus on the targets that these 5 different goals encompassed and, in the same order of ideas, select 10 targets in total that they considered, once again, the most revealing for the city of Yellowknife. The different teams were then invited to present their respective selections to their peers. At this point, it was interesting to note a real diversity of discourse ; while some had focused their reflections on social issues, others were more engaged toward technological innovation, or concerned with the ecology of Yellowknifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural environment. At this stage, the diversity of the participantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fields of expertise was felt in the assembly. In this sense, all the results presented by the different teams are displayed on the following pages.

Material : 17 SDGs and their 169 Targets printed. 16

“ End poverty in all its forms everywhere. ” • (1x) 1-2 : Reduce poverty by at least 50%. • (1x) 1-3 : Implement social protection systems.

“ Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. ”

“ End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. ”

“ Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages. ”

“ Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. ”

“ Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. ”

• (1x) 3-4 : Reduce mortality from non- communicable diseases and promote mental health. • (2x) 3-5 : Prevent and treat substance abuse. • (1x) 3-A : Implement the who framework convention on tobacco control.

“ Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. ” • (1x) 7-1 : Universal access to modern energy. • (2x) 7-2 : Increase global % of renewable energy. • (3x) 7-3 : Double improvement in energy efficiency. • (1x) target 7-A : Promote access to research, technology and investments in clean energy.

“ Reduce inequality within and among countries. ” • • •

(2x) 10-1 : Reduce income inequalities. (1x) 10-2 : Promote universal social, economic and political inclusion. (1x) 10-3 : Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimitation.

“ Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. ” • (1x) 8-2 : Diversify, innovate and upgrade for economic productivity • (1x) 8-9 : Promote beneficial and sustainable tourism.

“ Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. ” • (3x) 9-1 : Develop sustainable resilient and inclusive infrastructures. • (1x) 9-2 : Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization. • (1x) 9-4 : Upgrade all industries and infrastructures for sustainability. • (1x) 9-5 : Enhance research and upgrade industrial technologies. • (2x) 9-B : Support domestic technology development and industrial diversification. • (1x) 9-C : Universal access to information and communications technology.

“ Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. ”

“ Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. ”

• (2x) 11-1 : Safe and affordable housing. • (2x) 11-2 : Affordable and sus. transport systems. • (1x) 11-3 : Inclusive and sus. urbanization. • (4x) 11-4 : Protect the world’s cultural and natural heritage. • (1x) 11-6 : Reduce the env. impact of cities. • (1x) 11-7 : Provide access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces.

• (1x) 12-3 : Halve global per capita food waste. • (1x) 12-4 : Responsible management of chemicals and waste. • (2x) 12-5 : Substantially reduce waste generation.

“ Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. ” • • •

(2x) 13-1 : Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related disasters. (2x) 13-2 : Integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. (1x) 13-3 : Build knowledge and capacity to meet climate change.

“ Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. ”

“ Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. ” • (1x) 14-1 : Reduce marine pollution. • (1x) 14-2 : Protect and restore ecosystems.

“ Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity lost. • •

(1x) 15-1 : Conserve and restore terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. (1x)15-9 : Integrate ecosystem and biodiversity in governmental planning.

“ Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. ”

WHICH ONES OF THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT FOR YELLOWKNIFE?

RESULTS : Proceeding by elimination, it was possible to quickly see the goals and targets that were the most popular amongst various teams. Although they do not really reflect the diversity of participantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; choices, it is by consensus that they were selected to proceed with the following exercise, Activity 3: The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability.

These are the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and Targets that the group identified as the most important for Yellowknifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Smart Cities Challenge.

GOAL 11 : Sustainable Cities and Communities SAFE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums.

GOAL 7 : Affordable and Clean Energy INCREASE GLOBAL PERCENTAGE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.

DOUBLE THE IMPROVEMENT IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.

GOAL 9 : Industriy, Innovation and Infrastructures DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE, RESILIENT AND INCLUSIVE INFRASTRUCTURES Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all.

SUPPORT DOMESTIC TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL DIVERSIFICATION Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities.

AFFORDABLE AND SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

PROTECT THE WORLD’S CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons.

Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.

GOAL 13 : Climate Action STRENGTHEN RESILIENCE AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE RELATED DISASTERS

INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE MEASURES INTO POLICIES AND PLANNING

Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries.

Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.

NORTHLAND UTILITIES Lamp post technologies

Introducing the idea that the streetlight could really become the key to a new, at least partial, sustainability plan for the City of Yellowknife, Northland Utilities engineer Jason Newton was invited to present some of the technologies they are currently working on; the idea was to bring the broad reflections previously addressed to the scale of the simple streetlight. «Northland presented a video demonstrating motion activated lighting ATCO is currently plotting in Lloydminster, Alberta. It shows how with no motion detected the light can be set to dim down, but as motion is detected, the lights brighten up. After the video, we discussed how the lights would commutate using a mesh network, and shared a quick redundancy example. We then talked about electric vehicle charging, showing examples of charging stations including a prototype level 2 charging station integrated in to a streetlight at one of our offices in Alberta. We also discussed the level 3 chargers that ATCO and its partners installed on the quick charge corridor between Edmonton and Calgary. The theory of peak shaving with the use of batteries in general was discussed and how it could be beneficial to the power system. With the expected additional load on the grid caused by electric vehicles, we showed a few examples of solar installations ATCO has been part of building including. These include a 25MW solar generation facility in Kneehill, Alberta. We finally touched on ATCO’s experience with combined heat power systems and the theory of disturbed generation.» (Jason Newton, 2018) In the same vein, White Arkitekter AB was participating in the Community Design Charrette have also brought water to the mill by presenting three suppliers with whom they are currently collaborating on some of their projects in Sweden, namely : • LED Roadway lighting - Smart Street Lighting for Smart Cities ; • LUG - Lighting Factory ; • SELUX - Lighting under control. For more information about these different suppliers, please consult the Annex B - Backgroung Research.

ACTIVITY 3 The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability

Continuing the previous activity, this exercice asked participants to brainstorm ways in which these nine UN Sustainable Development Goal targets, chosen by consensus, might be achieved by implementing smart street-lighting in Yellowknife. Thanks to the diversity of the participants and their professional backgrounds, the discussions resulted in a wide array of answers. Then being led to present their ideas by group in front of their peers, ideas for the smart street lighting capabilities included, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Electric vehicle charging stations (cars, buses, skidoos, food trucks and boats) ; Light pollution reduction equipment ; Light shows & alert systems ; Wifi ; Thermosiphons for permafrost management ; Panic buttons ; Benches ; Mini libraries ; Bike share infrastructure ; Bird houses ; Urinals ; Connected app (ex. PingStreet) ; Bug control equipment ; Speed limit signals ; Icy roads signals ; School zones signals ; Emergency vehicles signals ; Laser signals for writing messages on the street or sidewalk ; Monitoring wildlife behavior (ex: ravens).

Participants determined that the type of data they wanted to see collected included, but were not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • •

Material : 17 SDGs and their 169 Targets printed, the printing of a street lamp displayed on the wall. 26

Temperature ; Humidity ; Smoke from forest fires ; Transit (cars and bikes) ; Changes in permafrost ; Water and wastewater sewage ; Waste management sensors ; Climate change data ; Trafic count ; Snow ; Infrared monitoring of vegetation.

CLASSIFICATION : Through a fine analysis, the various ideas raised by the participants during Activity 3 were classified into four categories that will then be used for the next activity. The four (4) categories are the following : • • • • 30

The lamp post to promote the dark sky ; The lamp post to implement new technologies ; The lamp post to study our environment ; The lamp post as an educational tool.

ACTIVITY 4 Summarizing

The fourth and final activity of the day was also the final step in determining Yellowknifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs. In this activity, participants were asked to identify priority areas for each of their brainstormed additions to a smart street light. This exercise brought the day back full-circle; participants were able to say where they wanted these sustainabilityminded interventions implemented, while thinking about the first activity of the day when they identified what they did and did n like about Yellowknife. The participants focused on electric vehicle charging stations, bike share infrastructure, traffic monitoring, environmental factors data collection, and safety infrastructure, such as panic buttons and alert lighting. They chose areas in Yellowknife that had high foot traffic and hosted vulnerable populations, particularly elder care centres, hospitals, schools, and downtown areas frequented by street-involved people. They also chose high-traffic intersections for traffic monitoring, especially those that lack adequate lighting and bus or traffic light infrastructure.

Material : 1:5000 scale map of the city of Yellowknife (showed technical data including buildings, schools, roads and trails, parks and open spaces, waterbodies, snowmobiles trails, and current street lights), 4 printed questions, pencils, colored dots. 32

THE LAMP POST TO

REDUCE LIGHT POLLUTION.

YELLOW : Where should we prioritize light pollution reduction ? Leads from previous brainstorming • Locations, and • Strategies.

RED : What components should we prioritize and where? Leads from previous brainstorming • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Electric vehicle charging stations (cars, buses, skidoos, food trucks and boats) Light pollution equipment ; Light shows ; Wifi ; Thermosiphons for permafrost management ; Panic buttons ; Benches ; Mini libraries ; Bike share ; Bird houses ; Urinals ; Connected app. ; Bug control ; Speed limit signals ; Icy roads signals ; School zones signals ; Emergency vehicles signals ; Laser signals for writing on the streets ; Raven cameras.

THE LAMP POST TO

IMPLEMENT NEW TECHNOLOGIES.

THE LAMP POST TO

STUDY OUR ENVIRONMENT.

GREEN : What data should we collect and where? Leads from previous brainstorming • • • • • • • • • • •

Temperature ; Humidity ; Smoke for forest fires ; Transit (cars and bikes) ; Changes in permafrost ; Water and wastewater sewage ; Trash sensors when full ; Climate change data ; Trafic count ; Snow ; Infrared monitoring of vegetation.

BLUE : What should be explained and expressed on the lamp posts and where? Leads from previous brainstorming • • • • • • • • •

Tourism ; Achievements ; Goals ; Estimated time of arrival for buses ; Cultural information ; Heritage information ; Environmental information ; Education ; Yellowknives Dene First Nation History.

THE LAMP POST AS

AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL.

RESULTS Activity 4 : Summarizing

YELLOW : The lamp post to promote the dark sky

By answering the question « Where should we prioritize light pollution reduction? », the participants identified different areas where they would find appropriate the implementation of the new lighting system. Brainstorm results about this thematic include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

(4x) Ndilǫ ; (3x) Old Town ; (3x) School Draw ; (3x) Walking Trails ; (2x) Frame Lake Trails ; (2x) Grace Lake ; (2x) Shore lines ; (2x) Airport to Hotels ; (2x) Rotary Park ; (2x) Water Treatment Plan ; (2x) Niven Trail ; (1x) Private Lights ; (1x) Fred Henne ; (1x) Sambake ; (1x) Parking Lots (dimming).

During the workshop, two strategies to reduce light pollution from a street lamp were raised, namely: • (2x) Directional Lighting ; • (1x) Dimming.

RED : The lamp post to implement new technologies

By answering the question « What components should we prioritize and where? », the participants adopted the possibility that the lamp post could become a key technical tool to improve the living conditions of the city’s citizens. Based on their daily utility references of the city’s public spaces (car or pedestrian traffic, assembly area, etc.), they then identified the locations where the implementation of certain new technologies would be most interesting. Brainstorm results about this thematic include, but are not limited to: Electric vehicle supply equipment • (2x) Arena ; • (2x) Walmart; • (2x) Hospital; • (2x) Government Dock; • (2x) City Hall; • (2x) Downtown; • (2x) Government Dock; • (1x) High Schools; • (1x) Ski Club; • (1x) Old Town; • (1x) School Draw and Franklin; • (1x) Airport; • (1x) City Hall; Wi-Fi • (4x) Snow Castle; • (2x) Old Town; • (2x) Government Dock; • (1x) Airport; • (1x) Boat Launch Yatch Club; Panic Button • (2x) Frame Lake Trails; • (1x) Arena; • (1x) Trails; • (1x) Dettah Ice Road; • (1x) Downtown;

Bike share • (1x) Multiplex; • (1x) City Hall ; • (1x) Ndilǫ ; • (1x) School Draw and Franklin; Signals • (1x) School Zones (signals) ; • (1x) Fire Hall (emergency vehicle signals) ; Thermosiphons • (2x) Visitor Centre; • (1x) Old Town ; Others • (1x) High Schools (all tech.) ; • (1x) Downtown (urinals) ; • (1x) Everywhere (bug control) ;

GREEN : The lamp post to study our environment

With the question « What data should we collect and where? », the participants were led to reflect on the data that the street lamp could possibly collect. Among the most discussed, we find in particular: • • • •

(1x) Forest fire smoke detectors ; (1x) Active Transportation sensors ; (1x) Water Quality ; (1x) Ice Thickness.

that could be collected at these approximate locations: • • • • • • • • • • • •

(4x) Main Trafic intersections ; (3x) Old Airport Road ; (2x) Dump ; (2x) Fire Hall ; (1x) Con Mine ; (1x) Dehcho Boulevard ; (1x) Sand pits ; (1x) Business District ; (1x) Giant Mine ; (1x) Ndilǫ ; (1x) 48/49 intersection ; (1x) Kam Lake / Old Airport Road.

BLUE : The lamp post as an educational tool

The day’s discussions raised interest in the lamppost becoming an educational and information tool, particularly for tourists visiting Yellowknife, but also for citizens who visit certain sites daily without necessarily knowing their history. In seeking to answer the question « What should be explained and expressed on the lamp posts and where? », the comments collected were, however, limited to key areas of the city that would deserve to be documented, which include, but are not limited to : • • • • • • • • • • • • •

(3x) Old Town ; (3x) Ndilǫ ; (2x) Trails ; (2x) Museum ; (2x) Latham Causeway ; (2x) Airport ; (1x) Where there is foot trafic : Old Town, Trails, Airport ; (1x) Civic Plaza ; (1x) Giant Mine Heritage ; (1x) City Hall ; (1x) Post Office ; (1x) Bristol Monument ; (1x) 50/50 Lot.

WORKSHOP DAY 2 The second day of the charrette was more intimate, and focused on the technical details of implementing a smart street lighting strategy. Those in attendance had vested interest in the proposal, as they would be working on its implementation if Ecology North, White Arkitekter AB, the City of Yellowknife, the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, and ATCO were to win the Smart Cities Challenge. The day began with an informal presentation and discussion with representatives from the City of Yellowknifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s IT and Security departments about what the City currently has in terms of infrastructure, the networks the street lights would use, the security features of using a separate, encrypted network, and how data could be collected, managed, and made public. Possibilities of a command centre, Wi-Fi connectivity and hotspotting, inventory processes, and ownership of the modular pieces of a smart streetlight. The City of Yellowknife has an open data and data collection application known as Ping Street, and integration of the smart street lighting system into this digital application was discussed at length. Indeed, it could serve as a platform for the transfer of data collected between the various authorities of the city and the population wishing to be informed.

WHITE ARKITEKTER Arctic Urban Design With Light

A presentation was given by White Arkitekter (AB) on the importance of Lighting Urban Design in Arctic environments. The Nacka Municipal Lighting Strategy in Sweden was presented as a precedent and inspiration for the City of Yellowknife and Ecology North to use in their Smart Cities Challenge proposal. Lessons learned include: • • • • • • • • • •

Good light quality at public / alternative transport nodes ; Prioritize lights for pedestrians/cyclists ; Use energy-efficient light sources ex. LED ; Control lights ; Use dark-sky approach whenever possible to limit light pollution ; Diversity of users, throughout the year ; Light up places you want people to use/access ; Lighting on landmarks ; Waterfront lighting - avoid glare on water ; Indirect lighting from surrounding buildings can suffice.

For complete information and details about the vision, precedents and feasibility analysis presented by White Arkitekter AB, please refer to Annex A.

YELLOWKNIFE, CA

Arctic Urban Design with Light

Approach to smart city lighting in Arctic latitudes

Summer light

Light plays a vital role in peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience of a city during the dark hours of the day. Light can engage people and give them a sense of belonging and community. Light affects our body and mind and has a direct effect on our health and well-being.

Long sunrise and sunset

The blue hour

Northern lights

Dark sky and stars Reference images: natural light qualities in arctic latitudes 46

Human beings, animals and plants are accustomed to follow the rhythm of the seasons and natural light throughout the year. During the darkest months of the year electric lighting takes over the role of daylight by supporting peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activities indoor and outdoor.

For cities to be able to develop in a sustainable way, lighting strategies are at need to define the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity at night, an identity that takes into consideration not only the urban scale but also the human scale and how lighting relates to their basic needs during the darkest hours. When well planned, lighting can also contribute to make a city safer, accessible and orientable, helping people live an active life after the sun goes down.

The Smart Cities Challenge gives us at hand the opportunity to rethink the identity and role that the city plays at nighttime while at the same time allowing us to create a more energy friendly solution for the lighting grid for the city itself. A solution that implements the latest technology whilst fulfilling the lighting needs of the inhabitants in the best possible way. Questions like, how do we want certain areas to be perceived by night? or which landmarks are more important to make visible when the sun goes down are as important to define as which areas we should reserve to experience darkness, the stars and the northern lights.

Reference diagram: Kiruna competition, seasons vs light qualities. Ljusarkitektur 47

Day 2 : Activity 1

SUMMARIZE Yesterday’s discussion

To pick up the thread of the discussion where it had been left off the previous day, workshop participants took some time to analyze the different maps that had been produced by listing the places where the four themes then discussed had been most populatively defended. Then, based on their respective knowledge and expertise, they were able to gauge their degree of relevance and intelligibility to meet the project’s mandate; a new map was thus created. In a general way, it presents the areas of the city where the implementation of new technologies to the existing lighting system could prove relevant and possible. The lamp post to promote the dark sky With regard to the development of a lighting prototype that reduces light pollution (Directional Lighting or Dimming), it would be appropriate to implement it in Ndilǫ, Old Town, the Rotary Centennial Park sector, the Water Treatment Plant, the approaches to Niven Lake or Frame Lake. In an eventual desire to develop such a system for the entire City of Yellowknife, there has also been talk of a desirable collaboration between the City and some private companies that own industrial lighting fixtures for their area of activity which are currently permanently on for safety reasons. The lamp post to implement new technologies As for the provision of new technologies, in particular electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), bike-share stations, wifi or a panic button system, these would benefit from being in the areas of the city that are heavily and daily surrounded such as the city centre, the various public parks as well as the smaller neighbourhoods, and near the shopping centres in the suburbs of Yellowknife. As for the security system translated by the panic button, it could also be developed away from the busiest bike paths, especially the one bypassing Frame Lake. The lamp post to study our environment As for technologies related to a variety of data collection, be they environmental or social, they could be installed in many places; the ideal would therefore be to ensure that they interact with the «mesh network» of the urban lighting system and be able to place them on any street lamp, at the convenience of the needs and interests of the institutions involved in collecting certain data. The lamp post as an educational tool In terms of adopting technologies that inform about the history and culture of the city of Yellowknife, they would benefit from being located in the places that support them, such as Ndilǫ, Old Town, Downtown, the hotel sector and the Frame Lake area. All in all, this map will become a relevant tool for the continuation of the project; it lists the main lines of the discussions developed within the framework of the Community Design Charrette. 48

All the maps produced as part of the Community Design Charrette are available on request in paper or digital format; Ecology North is currently in possession of these documents. 49

BRAINSTORMS 1, 2, 3 and 4 : based on previous activity

FIRST : Patnerships and research

To better determine next steps in the proposal and how to achieve them, participants were asked to brainstorm potential partners for the City of Yellowknife and Ecology North in a street lighting strategy. Brainstormed partnerships include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50

GNWT ; ECE, ITI, Museum, Cultural heritage, health ; Local businesses with parking lots, hotels ; Kavanaugh Waste Management ; Yellowknife Chamber of Commerce ; YKDFN ; NWT Tourism, Aurora Tourism ; City of Malmo ; University of Lund ; Dark Skies Association ; Bromley & Sons ; Blue Wave (for fuel), Matonabee Petroleum + other fuel companies ; Dechinta University ; Yellowknife’s CarShare Coop; Northern Centre for Sustainability ; Yellowknife Airport ; Old Town Bikeworks ; Giant Mine Remediation Oversight Board ; Con Mine, Ekati, Diavik, other mines ; NorthwestTel as a sponsor ; Goyatiko Language Society ; NWTAC ; MACA ; Environment Canada ; Astronomy North ; Aurora College + University partnerships ; Remote sensing companies, tools to measure luminosity ; ESRI ; North Slave Metis + other communities ; Start-ups for making the app for free ; Dublin City Council Beta Department + other City governments ; using open data to inform city-building decisions ; Smart City-Building conferences ; Arctic Energy Alliance ; Airlines ; Bixi, Dropbike ; Skidoo Association ; SnowKing/Snow Castle ; Kam Lake.

SECOND : Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

Subsequently, participants were asked to consider how the implementation of such a lamp system could reduce GHG emissions from the City of Yellowknife, both directly and indirectly. Directly • Develop lighting types that vary in intensity, and therefore in electricity consumption, in certain areas of the city that allow it; • Reduction of electricity waste through the installation of a dimming system; • Provision of an electrical connection system in certain areas of the city for Food Trucks that are currently dependent on propane for electricity generation. Indirectly • Provision of electric vehicle charging stations integrated into streetlights to initiate an energy transition in northern modes of transport; • Use the street lamp as an educational and signage tool to promote the use of the public transit system and bicycle and pedestrian paths; • Improve urban lighting on certain urban or peri-urban routes to encourage the use of soft modes of transport, such as cycling and walking; • Collect data related to urban and peri-urban traffic to improve infrastructure development and thus reduce car traffic.

THIRD : City of Yellowknife’s use of the data

Participants were then invited to discuss the various data that the City of Yellowknife would benefit most from collecting in the development of the pilot project, as well as the locations that would be preferred for their collection. Old Town and Ndilǫ With regard to the issue of light pollution through the targeted optimization of lighting systems and the use of a motion sensored dimming system, the area of the Old Town, but mainly that of Ndilo, was raised as more than relevant due to their remote location from the dense city and the strong relationship they have with the surrounding bodies of water real playgrounds for Yellowknifers and visiting tourists. These areas of the city are strongly marked by history, and it could be interesting in this sense to develop certain technologies related to the tourism industry. Liz Liske expressed this interest in YKDFN to be more involve in that local industry; the horizon of an interesting partnership is emerging. Downtown Yellowknife On the other hand, different areas of Yellowknife’s downtown, including Franklin Avenue, the Greenstone Building area and City Hall, were discussed as relevant for testing technologies related to the transportation system, including the implementation of electric vehicle charging stations and other traffic-related data collection. The City Hall sector, bordering the Somba K’e park was also specified as being relevant to study for the implementation of a dimming system considering that the city necessarily has control over the lighting of its building a way of measuring the real impact of the lighting system of a public building (parking, entrance, interior lighting, etc.) on the urban environment to possibly convince other private companies to take part in the project to reduce light pollution in the city.

FOURTH : Prototype

A short brainstorming session was held; participants were asked to generate a large number of ideas for what a prototype would be in the framework of the Smart Cities Challenge. Although not required by Infrastructure Canada, prototypes could be helpful to test some of the technologies in Yellowknife’s northern environment, engage the community, leverage industry donations as well as identify cost and ease of implementation and help the project distinguish itself from the crowd. Feasibility There was a general understanding that the prototype would need to be easy to implement, and low-cost, to limit the impacts on the budget. Therefore, a focus on high-impact, high-visibility and low-cost options for the prototype were preferred. In addition, it was suggested that the prototype should be a combination of the various technologies that could be implemented in the final plan of the Smart Cities Challenge for Yellowknife. Ndilǫ, Latham Island, Old Town and Light Pollution Reduction Ndilǫ, Latham Island and Old Town seem to be geographical area in Yellowknife where a reduction in light pollution would be the most felt and perceived, and therefore would have a strong impact on the community. A discussion around using one of the existing lamp posts as a station for aurora sighting through virtual reality created a momentum and interest. Wifi and story-telling and tourism information on lamp posts The implementation of one wifi hot-spot for the prototype seemed to make the most sense in areas with high traffic. The lamp posts in areas covered by wifi will also support infographics and visuals story-telling an idea. The stories will be drafted in collaboration with the Elders from the Yellowknives Dene First Nation. The stories will then be incorporated visually in the urban landscape, to promote understanding and reconciliation. Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) Retrofitting existing lamp posts to add electric vehicle charging stations is much cheaper than putting in place new ones; focusing on the areas with high trafic, but also with existing electrical infrastructure that would allow for this retrofit is of interest. Industry participation Approaching industries and asking for their in-kind contribution, in exchange for high visibility and a test-bed for their product is a win-win situation. The focus on the prototype will be brought to technologies that can bring partnerships and collaboration to the forefront. 51

Day 2 : Activity 1

NEXT STEPS Timeline and tasks

To end this day on a high note, while facing reality of the task at hand, the various participants were invited to present their vision for the future, in particular by chronologically listing the different steps to be taken and tasks to be accomplished so that the project could be duly completed; it is little by little that a ÂŤto do listÂť was built on the solid foundations of the discussions from previous days. When the wall was sufficiently lined with post-its, letting us understand the scale of the work ahead, each of the participants representing the partner entities of the project armed themselves with a specific color to target the tasks which they felt they had the expertise and knowledgfe in, focusing on their respective fields of expertise. Satisfied with the result, it was detailed on the following page.

TIMELINE AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

W3 • Community Design Charrette • Infrastructure Canada – plan submission work – cost • Design • Data gathering on needed existing info • City atco what is in place today LED DIM • Outreach

W1 • Revision of Design Charrette report by the City of Yellowknife and sharing with stakeholders • Analysis of Design Charrette Report and identification of achievables before full proposal submission • Refresh Smart Cities Challenge info on City of Yellowknife website with Design Charrette Report • Develop criteria for prototypes

W1 • Baseline data (lighting) • Budget decision on prototype • Urban analysis

W4 • Produce Smart Cities Challenge Design Charrette Report • Prepare budget • Produce infographics design for branding & marketing prototypes • Reach out to companies and negotiate inkind donations • Outreach on social media about the outcome of the Design Charrette

W2 • Draft proposal objectives • Engagement with stakeholders (YKDFN, Tourists Focus Group, Snowcatle, Technology Partners, etc.) W3 • Prepare memo or write-up or presentation to be presented to City Council about Smart Cities Challenge outcome • Prepare and design the City of Yellowknife’s vision for the Yellowknife Futured City • Prepare and act on communications plan W4 • Measurements of light pollution levels with current conditions • Production of light analysis in the CIty of Yellowknife • Prepare list of actions to be taken to reduce light pollution in the city. • Identify prototype site location • Prototype where – budget • Research other communities, case studies and precedents • Research technology costs and implementability • Dark sky city references • Partnerships building. • Decision on functions implementation

W2 • Prepare and host mini charrette on low-cost lamp post retrofit • Digital design smart city – Scandinavian knowledge • Social media / outreach October explaining our plan / promoting dark sky. W3 • City council approval prototype • Photos hdr (streets, public area, etc) W4 • • • • • •

Prototype implementation Order parts – ship parts Research on policies Strategy / vision (urban planning) – all Yellowknife Public outreach/community buy-in Dark sky event

DECEMBER

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

2018

NOVEMBER

W1 • Team on the ground for prototype installation • Produce tourism info signage in collaboration with partners

W1 • Monitoring • Criteria definition

W2 • Translate material • Consult&listen to elders and write down their stories to use on the lamp posts as infographics W3 • Organize and host community consultation • Send invites for consultations

W2 • Correct information W3 • Analyse information W4 • Make adjustments

W4 • Host sessions • Report on consultations • Social media outreach – nov:smart tech about the “launch event”

FEBRUARY

MARCH

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

2019

JANUARY

*This document will be updated based on Infrastructure Canada’s Smart Cities Challenge Finalists Guide; see page 56.)

W1 • Measure light • Proposal writing • Tourist consultation

W1 • Word smithing • Draft proposal complete

W1 • Snow castle • Aurora week + dark sky event • Share knowledge with other communities

W2 • Drawing production • Evaluate 5M what can we implement?

W2 • Proposal revisions • Final draft

W3 • Video creation work • Prize budget development business case W4 • Layout/design • Draft

POST-CHARRETTE DEVELOPMENTS The Yellowknife Smart Cities Challenge Community Design Charrette was key in sparking some of the developments at City Council just a few days following the Charrette. It sets the tone for the next steps. YELLOWKNIFE

Yellowknife will turn down lights at water treatment plant By Ollie Williams – August 28, 2018 at 7:57am

The lights on Yellowknife’s water treatment plant are set to be dimmed at night. Staff at City Hall acknowledge the plant, currently bathed in messianic light after dark, may not need all of its security lighting round-the-clock “It’s something I’ve steadily received complaints about over the years,” Councillor Julian Morse said during Monday evening’s council meeting. “The City is pursuing the Smart Cities Challenge [which features a bid to install automatically dimming streetlights] and part of that is to try to make Yellowknife more of a dark-sky community. I know this facility causes quite a bit of light pollution.” The treatment plant opened on Yellowknife’s Tin Can Hill, overlooking the School Draw Avenue residential neighbourhood, in 2015. Its lights are bright enough at night to form an impromptu lighthouse for errant canoes. Senior City staff say they discussed the issue last week and will take action. “It’s definitely something that’s been brought to our attention. As you know, it sticks out quite well on the hill,” said Chris Greencorn, the City’s director of public works and engineering. “The reason it was designed and constructed that way was to establish a secure presence on the hill. We believe we can do that with other methods,” he continued. “We’re going to see if we can at the very least either disconnect or alter the perimeter lighting on the lake side and, I would guess, School Draw side, and maybe just keep the lighting around the main doors.” Greencorn said the City would look at making those changes before the ceaseless night of winter rolls in.

Sheila Bassi Kellet is the City of Yellowknife’s Senior Administrative Officer. Published on August 30, 2018.

The City of Yellowknife's water treatment plant is pictured on the morning of August 28, 2018. Ollie Williams/Cabin Radio

Security lights on the School Draw Avenue side of Yellowknifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water treatment plant. Ollie Williams/Cabin Radio 57

CONCLUSION The Smart Cities Challenge Design Charrette was itself a success, and raised interest and community buy-in for the project. For the various partner members of the project, it was the chance to identify the pulse of a small sample of the community and inform decisions that will eventually be made for the development of the testbed; a small-scale prototype project which, although it will not bring together all the points discussed during the two-day workshop, will tend towards a plurality of these technological alternatives in order, on the one hand, to reduce light pollution in a specific sector of the city and, on the other hand, to improve the quality of life of the city’s citizens by adopting other components. For the participants, this event was an opportunity to express their views and vision of a sustainable development of Yellowknife so that this project becomes a true social project. Although the work is well underway, it is far from complete. The Smart Cities Challenge Finalist Guide was received the week after the charrette, which causes the project partners to adjust some of their work planning to fit into the updated schedule. This report will be used as a basis of design and visioning document to inform the next steps. Action item 1 : Publish this document to the City of Yellowknife’s website, and partners to refer to the City’s website from their websites and social media. (all partners, immediately) Action item 2 : align the Community Design Charrette Report (this document) with Infrastructure Canada’s guidelines as presented in the Smart Cities Challenge Finalist Guide, prepare draft budget, schedule, suggested assigned roles, and present to the City of Yellowknife. (by Ecology North, due September 10, 2018 at 5PM MDT)

ANNEX A

Background research and visioning by White Arkitekter AB This appendix is a summary of the vision and research brought by White Arkitekter AB.

YELLOWKNIFE, CA

Arctic Urban Design with Light

Approach to smart city lighting in Arctic latitudes

Summer light

Long sunrise and sunset

The blue hour

Northern lights

Dark sky and stars Reference images: natural light qualities in arctic latitudes 62

Reference diagram: Kiruna competition, seasons vs light qualities. Ljusarkitektur 63

Sustainability Light plays an important role in the development of the sustainable city and can in many ways be used as a tool for achieving sustainability goals and contributing to functional interplay between social, ecological, economic and cultural sustainability. The cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lighting system is part of the municipalityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s impact on the climate and the environment, mainly through electricity consumption. To have the ambition to be a Smart City, lighting has to use energy efficient technology, this with regards to light sources and control systems, but also have well-planned lighting, which means having the right type of lighting at the right place at the right time. Light is an important tool for creating environments that are safe and secure for all the inhabitants of a city. Cities should be safe, where public spaces should be accessible to all creating the right conditions for people to engage and meet outdoors even at nighttime. Well-planned lighting can help populate places more, thus contributing to increased security, mobility and a higher quality of life for those living and working in the area. Light can be used as a tool for enabling cultural expressions and making them visible, which in the long run reinforces democratic influence, supports diversity and contributes to intercultural dialogue. Specific places carry their own qualities and light is a tool that can enhance the identity of a place.

Reference images: the power of light to help creating sustainable environme

ents

Lighting Strategy for the Arctics At White Arkitekter we use the following method to classify the urban space and their qualities when creating a new strategic lighting plan for a city. The purpose of this division is to create lighting environments in which human kind and their activities are at focus. Soft light on people’s faces plays a relevant role to read facial expressions and enable safe meetings between people during nighttime. Important points of interest, orientation, pathways and places where people stay are also highlighted. Together, these categories create a strong lighting design strategy based on qualitative aspects where also the quantitative requirements are met. Identity-creating features Light contributes to the identity or character of the site or area during dark hours by highlighting features such as architecture or areas of cultural and natural value. An example of an identity-creating features are the special characteristics of the seasons at this latitude. The further north or south we are, the more powerful the seasons are due to the climate’s variation, of course, but also due to the clear shift of light. A unique phenomenon close to the poles is that the sun takes a longer time to rise and fall giving origin to an extended warm light and a long “blue hour” at dusk and dawn. Yellowknife is located at latitude 62 °. A result of Yellowknife’s proximity to the north pole is the frequent visibility of the northern lights, which results from interaction between the solar wind and the particles of the atmosphere in the Earth’s magnetic field.

The great variation in daylight hours along the year is another characteristic of arctic light. At summer solstice Yellowknife has 20h 1m of daylight while during winter solstice Yellowknife has 4h 59m of daylight, with the sun’s culmination barely 4.1 degres above the horizon. A difference of circa 15hr of daylight between summer and winter makes the experience of natural light and darkness a especially drastic one at this latitude. Spatial features Light contributes to the perception of space at night. When dark, the perception of a room and colors disappears. Light plays an important role in re-describing the city’s structure, scale and target points at night, facilitating us the ability to recognize the space and navigate through it. To analyze spatial conditions in larger areas, Kevin Lynch’s analysis method, adapted to night conditions, can be used. Spatial conditions may differ depending on seasonal variations and may therefore need to be linked to time. At this latitude an example of a spatial feature is the presence of snow. The temperatures below zero keep the streets covered by snow during a long part of the year. White and reflective surfaces need less light to be visible than darker and rougher surfaces, such as asphalt or gravel. Snow is in fact a very effective light reflector. In line with the seasonal changes, the city’s light levels need to be adjusted not only based on hours of darkness but also on the presence or absence of snow on the streets and thus the perceived brightness of the surroundings. Smart lighting in this case, can also include adaptive lighting that changes in intensity and even spectral composition depending on the season and time of the day.

IDENTITY SPATIAL

TECH

Strategic Lighting Features SOCIAL

BIO

Reference diagram: White Arkitekter’s method for Strategic Lighting Planning 66

Reference images: natural light qualities and warm artificial light in playground 67

Lighting Strategy for the Arctics Social features The role of light from a social perspective is to support human needs, such as enabling and inspiring activities and meetings at nighttime. In places where people remain for a certain time, the lighting should have a human scale and help with face recognition. The use of urban spaces differs throughout the day and the year, and therefore the social conditions need to be linked to time. Examples of social conditions that will be identified are meeting points like squares and playgrounds and areas that make people feel insecure at night. Biological features Biological conditions are used here as a collective name for the impact of light on human health and well-being and on the natural habitats of animals and plants. Biological conditions are often associated with the concepts of disturbing light (glare), light pollution and the need for darkness. As an example, light trespass, spill light that comes from high street pole lighting that permeates through windows of houses nearby can have an adverse effect in the quality of sleep and needs to be regulated. At this latitude we see a huge potential for electric light to have a positive impact on the human body helping to mitigate and compensate, to some extent, the lack of daylight. As an example, cooler white light during the day and warmer light during the evenings could have a possitive impact during winter. In Sweden the most used color temperature is 3000K for street lighting within cities and residential areas. Technical features In order to ensure that the lighting system can be realized and managed with available resources, technical prerequisites need to be defined at an initial stage. The technical conditions include the economic and temporal conditions and dependencies of other projects, as well as the technical requirements for the light equipment. An example of technical features are the possibility to have a seasonal sensitive control system for the lighting that turns on the lights after the blue hour, adapts the intensity depending on ground material reducing the intensity when there is snow, is be able to change colour temperature following the circadian rhythm needs, supports dynamic lighting scenarios in playgrounds and squares with different colour temperatures and light effects depending on seasons etc... Requirements like high colour rendering, specific uplight, glare and light trespass ratios, maximal mounting heights depending on application area, schedules for faรงade lighting to be dimmed to a certain level after curfew, are also examples of technical features.

68Reference images : light as a powerfull tool to activate the city and create a sense of security

HIGH QUALITY LIGHT AT PUBLIC TRANSPORT NODES

PRIORITIZE LIGHT FOR PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS

PRIORITIZE LIGHT AT CONNECTION POINT BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND DESTINATIONS

IMPLEMENT ENERGY EFFECTIVE LIGHT SOURCES

ADAPTIVE LIGHTING THAT MEETS PEOPLEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S NEEDS AT SPECIFIC TIMES

PRESERVE THE DARK ENVIRONMENT

Reference diagram: Lighting Strategy for Nacka Municipality, White Arkitekter

Dark Sky Community, collaboration and dialogue as a working method for sustainable city development

Action plan for the strategic lighting plan of Yellowknife, a Smart City and a Dark Sky Community

Sustainable urban development captures the city’s development potential and meets its challenges, which imposes an integrated approache based on collaboration and dialogue with different parts involved. When many actors help and share knowledge and understanding of how people want to live and live, greater opportunities are created for sustainable living environments. An open dialogue between the design team, the citizens, governmental institutions, private sector and stakeholders is important in the process of creating a new lighting master plan for the city.

• •

Should Yellowknife decide to become a Dark Sky Community, which is defined as a community that shows exceptional dedication to the preservation of the night sky through the implementation and enforcement of a quality outdoor lighting ordinance, dark sky education and citizen support of dark skies. For this outdoor lighting would need to comply with the MLO (Model Lighting Ordinance) developed by IES and IDA. A zooning plan will have to be developed to identify areas where more light is needed and areas where darkness should be preserved. This zooning must be in accordance to the MLO zone categories and will be later used as a base to define the new guidelines for lighting that will include upplight, glare and light trespass max acceptable values, as well as other recommendations for façade lighting after curfew hours.

• • • • •

Pre -study of existing situation, lighting and urban design Analysis of the identity and use of the city during nighttime through the method of identity-creating, spatial, social, biological and technical features. This should be carried out in collaboration with citizens, governmental organizations and stakeholders. At this stage temporary installations, popups and light festivals can be organized to help the process and engage the people in the discussion Zoning according to MLO New lighting master plan for the city of Yellowknife, conceptual and technical guidelines, areas of interest Test beds and feedback List of individual projects, design and implementation Post-use evaluation

Reference images : workshop and dialogue with the community 70

LIGHTING ZONES - NACKA MUNICIPALITY, SWEDEN E1 refers to dark areas, such as rural areas or national parks and other protected areas with no or very low ambient light levels. In Nacka municipality, E1 corresponds to natural and larg recreational areas according to the city’s masterplan. E2 refers to areas with generally low ambient light levels, such as industrial or residential areas in the countryside. In Nacka municipality, E2 corresponds to mixed buildings in coastal areas dominated mainly by vacation homes, according to the city’s masterplan.

E3 refers to areas with medium ambient light levels, such as communities, industrial or residential areas in the suburb. In the municipality of Nacka, E3 corresponds to mixed buildings outside coastal areas and industrial areas, according to the city’s masterplan. E4 refers to areas with strong ambient light levels, such as city centers and commercial areas. In Nacka municipality, the E4 corresponds to dense urban and local centers, according to the city’s masterplan.

Reference diagram: lighting zones Nacka Municipality, White Arkitekter

ANNEX B

Community Design Charrette In this appendix are presented various documents related to the organization of the Community Design Charrette, including the poster of the event, the list of invitations, the vision of the ideation process that will be discussed and the agenda itself.

DARK SKY HARNESSING AURORA BOREALIS

The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability. SMART CITIES CHALLENGE The City of Yellowknife, in partnership with Ecology North, swedish architect White Arkitekter AB and ATCO are finalists in the Smart Cities Challenge, a Canada-wide competition by Infrastructure Canada. This is our opportunity to prepare the most innovative and forward-thinking proposal, which could win Yellowknife $5M to implement our plan. WHAT IS A DESIGN CHARRETTE? A fast-paced and collaborative meeting where members sketch a broad and diverse set of design ideas. Blue-sky thinking, crazy ideas and impossible narratives are encouraged. Unleash your intel. DESIGN QUESTION How can the lamp post be used as a beacon for sustainability in Yellowknife?

AUGUST 9-10 9AM-5PM YELLOWKNIFE SKI CLUB CHALET

day 1 : high-level day 2 : technical analysis

INVITE-ONLY Participation on both days is strongly encouraged but not mandatory. RSVP before August 2. catherine@ecologynorth.ca

icons by flaticons

Attendance Smart Cities Challenge

Final Attendance Sheet

Attendants, Smart Cities Challenge

Organization

Suggested attendance

Invite sent?

Attendance

Craig Scott, ED

Ecology North

both days

yes

confirmed

William Gagnon, Green Buildings Specialist

Ecology North

both days

yes

confirmed

Thevishka Kanishkan, Landscape Architecture intern

Ecology North

both days

yes

confirmed

Antonin Boulanger-Cartier, Architecture intern

Ecology North

both days

yes

confirmed

Laura Busch, Communications Officer

Ecology North

both days

yes

confirmed

Dr. Courtney Howard, Director

Ecology North (board)

day 1 only

yes

not available

Eric McNair-Landry, Director

Ecology North (board)

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

Branda Le

Ecology North (board)

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

Marie-France Stendahl, Architect

White Arkitekter AB

both days

yes

confirmed

Niels de Bruin, urban designer and sustainability expert

White Arkitekter AB

both days

yes

confirmed

Mark Heyck, Mayor

City of Yellowknife Elected

both days

sent to SBK

confirmed

Rebecca Alty, City Councilor

City of Yellowknife Elected

day 1 only

showed up

confirmed

2 City Councillors, to be chosen by Mark Heyck

City of Yellowknife Elected

both days

sent to SBK

not available

Sheila Bassi-Kellett, SAO

City of Yellowknife Admin

both days

sent to SBK

not available

Mike Auge, Director of Sustainability

City of Yellowknife Admin

both days

sent to SBK

confirmed

Chris Vaughn, Sustainability Coordinator

City of Yellowknife Admin

both days

sent to SBK

confirmed

Iman Kassam, Communications & Economic Development Officer City of Yellowknife Admin

both days

sent to SBK

confirmed

Shauna Morgan, Chair, Community Energy Planning CommitteeCity of Yellowknife Admin

both days

sent to SBK

not available

Holly Ferris, City of YK Homelessness coordinator

City of Yellowknife Admin

both days

sent to SBK

confirmed

Harshen Manickum, Systems Analyst

City of Yellowknife Admin

both days

sent to SBK

confirmed

Chris Goit, Network Administrator

City of Yellowknife Admin

both days

sent to SBK

confirmed

Johanne Black, Director of Lands

YKDFN

day 1 only

not available

Catherine Lafferty, Band Councilor

YKDFN

both days

not available

Elizabeth Liske

YKDFN

day 1 only

confirmed

Cathie Bolstad, ED

NWT Tourism

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

Gino Pin, senior architect

Community member

day 1 only

yes

not available

Stephen Fancott, senior architect

Community member

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

Jason Newton

NUL

both days

confirmed

Amro Alansari

ATCO

both days

sent to Derek

not available

Lori Burrill, Supervisor, Office & Customer Service

ATCO

both days

sent to Derek

not available

Daryl Fetaz, Operating Superintendent

ATCO

both days

sent to Derek

not available

Derek McHugh

ATCO

both days

yes

not available

The Wizard -- Electrical telecommunications

ATCO

day 1 only

sent to Derek

not available

Sara Brown, Executive Director (or Miki)

NWTAC

day 1 only

yes

not available

Dr. Kelsey Wrightson

Dechinta

day 1 only

yes

not available

3 interns tbd

Dechinta

day 1 only

sent to Kelsey

not available

1 representative tbd

Alternatives North

day 1 only

not available

1 representative tbd

Chamber of Commerce

day 1 only

no capacity

not available

Lindsay Armer, Strategic Analyst, Sustainability

GNWT Lands

day 1 only

yes

not available

Other, Lands, TBD

GNWT Lands

day 1 only

sent to Lindsay

not available

Other, ENR, TBD

GNWT ENR

day 1 only

sent to Lindsay

not available

Kimberley Fairman

ICHR

day 1 only

yes

not available

Alex Borowiecka

NWTALA

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

1 representative

Aurora College

day 1 only

yes

not available

Natalie Plato

Giant Mine Remeditation

day 1 only

yes

not available

Bronwyn Rorke

GNWT, DOI

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

John Carr

AEA

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

Linda Todd

AEA

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

Amy Lizotte

Tourism, ITI

day 1 only

yes

not available

Kris Johnson

ECDEV, ITI

day 1 only

yes

not available

Ben Nind

GMOB

day 1 only

yes

not available

Astrid Gagnon

tourist

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

Daniel Gagnon

tourist

day 1 only

yes

confirmed

not available

confirmed

yes

Christopher Clarke Ben Russo

NWTAA

Kumari Karunaratne

GNWT ITI

Chris Hewitt

GNWT MACA

GrĂŠgoire Blais-Dufour

L'Aquilon

Gabrielle Moser

GNWT Infra

day 1 only day 1 only

yes yes

Count

not available TOTAL ATTENDEES

The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability

WORKSHOP august 9 - 10, 2018

A. SUSTAINABILITY

B. LIGHTING FOR SMARTCITY 2

Function (by Northland Utilities)

What are the different complementary functions that could be combined with the post lamp to make it more useful (ex: wifi, electric vehicles charging station, tourism signage, etc.) ?

Location (by White Arkitekter)

What areas of the city should we prioritize for the installation of these fixtures (ex : park, parking, bike path, schoolyard, shopping mall, etc.) ?

Smart City

(by City of Yellowknife) What community analytics could be interesting to collect by setting up such a lighting network? Icon made by www.freepik.com from www.flaticon.com

THINKING TOGETHER

17 Sustainable Development Goals + 169 targets

TOOL

A dark sky, absent of light pollution and with a view of the northern lights, brings people outside. Together, we can appreciate Yellowknifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unique attributes and in doing so, improve both our physical and psychological wellbeing.

CHALLENGE

pride

health

well-being

economy

ecology

tourism

culture

DARK SKY

pride

health

well-being

economy

ecology

tourism

culture

AGENDA DAY 1 August 9 10:00 Light breakfast served

Introductions

10:15 Opening statements Mark Heyck, Mayor, City of Yellowknife 10:20 Opening Statements Yellowknives Dene First Nation City Councilor, to be confirmed 10:35 Where the Smart Cities Challenge started Craig Scott, Executive Director, Ecology North 10:45 Presentation of the submission Michael Auge, Manager, Sustainability & Solid Waste 11:00 Where we stand William Gagnon, Green Buildings Specialist, Ecology North 11:10 Who are our competitors Marie-France Stendahl, White Arkitekter AB (Sweden) 11:30 Overview of the Workshop process Niels de Bruin, White Arkiteker AB (Sweden) 11: 45 ACTIVITY 1 Yellowknife Quiz Niels de Bruin, White Arkiteker AB (Sweden)

13:30 PRESENTATION + ACTIVITY 3 The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals + Targets William Gagnon Green Buildings Specialist, Ecology North + Mini Yoga 14:55 ACTIVITY 4 Prioritizing Niels de Bruin, White Arkiteker AB (Sweden) 15:15 Coffee break 15:30 PRESENTATION Lighting technologies Daryl Setaz, Atco / Northland Utilities 15:50 BRAINSTORM + ACTIVITY 5 The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability William Gagnon Green Buildings Specialist, Ecology North 16:35 FINAL DISCUSSION + SUMMARY Michael Auge, Craig Scott & Niels de Bruin 4 17:10 Group picture + End

11:55 ACTIVITY 2 Warm Up Love and Hate on Map William Gagnon Green Buildings Specialist, Ecology North 12:30 Lunch break 77

ANNEX C Background Research

This annex compiles three suppliers with whom White Arkitekter AB are currently collaborating on some of their projects in Sweden, namely : • LED Roadway lighting - Smart Street Lighting for Smart Cities ; • LUG - Lighting Factory ; • SELUX - Lighting under control.

SMART STREET LIGHTING FOR SMART CITIES

A V A N Z A

Sophisticated. Brilliant.

6-49170-00 03/14 5M

Reliable.

Selux Corporation 5 Lumen Lane Highland, NY 12528 tel. fax email web

(800) 735-8927 (845) 834-1401 seluxus@selux.com www.selux.us

The NEW Avanza LED! Scan QR code for the latest details and specifications.

Full documents and additional information to be provided upon request.

assembled by Ecology North and White Arkitekter AB

August 31, 2018