Types of Chemical Reactions Single Replacement Reactions Double Replacement Reactions Combustion Reactions
Recall Synthesis Reactions Two or more substances combine to form one substance. The general form is ______________ Decomposition Reactions One substance reacts to form two or more substances. The general form is ______________
Single Replacement Reactions
A metal will replace a metal ion in a compound.
The general form is ______________
A nonmetal will replace a nonmetal ion in a compound.
The general form is ______________
Single Replacement Reactions
Examples: Ni + AgNO3 Nickel replaces the metallic ion Ag + (metal
replaces metal ion) The silver becomes free silver and the nickel becomes the nickel (II) ion. Ni + AgNO Ag + Ni(NO ) 3 3 2 Balance the equation: Ni + 2AgNO
2Ag + Ni(NO3)2
3
Thermite Reaction
Steve Spangler Video Thermite
Thermite Reaction
Al + Fe2O3
Aluminum will replace iron (III) as was seen in the video. Iron (III) becomes Fe and aluminum metal becomes Al3+. 2Al + Fe O ______________ 2 3
Double Replacement Reactions
Ions of two compounds exchange places with each other.
Reactants must be two ______________, in aqueous solution
The general form is ______________
Remember the Demonstration!!!!!!!! Word Lead (II) Nitrate + Potassium Iodide > Potassium Nitrate + Lead Iodide Skeletal Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) > 2KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s)
What occurred??? This is a double displacement reaction
Double Replacement
NaOH + CuSO4
The Na+ and Cu2+ switch places. Na+ combines with SO42 to form Na2SO4.
Cu2+ combines with OH to form Cu(OH)2
NaOH + CuSO4 ______________
2NaOH + CuSO4 ______________
Double Replacement
CuSO4 + Na2CO3
Cu2+ combines with CO32 to form ______________. Na+ combines with SO 2 to form 4 ______________. CuSO + Na CO ______________ 4 2 3
Double Replacement Reactions Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together • Example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) •
•
Another example: 2 K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Recognition
You need to be able to recognize which reaction is taking place
Practice Examples:
H2 + O2 →
_____________
H2O →
Zn + H2SO4 →
HgO → KBr + Cl → 2
AgNO3 + NaCl →
Mg(OH)2 + H2SO3 →
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
Combustion Reactions
Combustion means “_________” Normally, a compound composed of only C, H, (and maybe O) is reacted with oxygen – usually called “_________” If the combustion is _________, the products will be CO2 and H2O. If the combustion is _________, , the products will be CO (or possibly just C) and H2O.
Combustion Reaction When a substance combines with oxygen, a combustion reaction results. The combustion reaction may also be an example of an earlier type such as 2Mg + O2 2MgO.
The combustion reaction may be burning of a fuel.
Combustion Reactions Combustion reactions involve light and heat energy released. Natural gas, propane, gasoline, etc. are burned to produce heat energy. Most of these organic reactions produce _________.
Combustion Reaction When hydrocarbon compounds CxHx are burned in oxygen, the products are water and carbon dioxide. CH + O CO + H O 4 2 2 2
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Demonstration
Combustion Reactions
Generally combustion reactions involve the burning of a Hydrocarbon (CxHx) in Oxygen.
Other elements can also burn with Oxygen
2Mg + O2 _________ + Energy 2H2 + O2 _________ + Energy (basis behind fuel cell energy) P4 + 5O2 P4O10 + Energy (matches)
Practice
Classify each of the following as to type:
H2 + Cl2 2HCl
_________
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
_________
Practice
2CO + O2 2CO2
_________
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
_________
Practice
FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
_________
Zn + HCl ? ______ + ______
__________