GRADUATION SUMMARY BOOK " Business Park In Suez City " by Nourhan Mohamed

G R A D U AT I O N PROJECT I (E11)

MODERN SCIENCE & ARTS UNIVERSTY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHETECTURAL DEPARTMENT

BUSINESS PA R K

SUEZ GOVERNMENT

UTHORS

AHMED EHAB

164476

AHMED MAHMOUD

153659

GHADA MOHAMED

155577

NOURHAN MOHAMED

165031

SHROUQ SAMEH

165353

(E11)

THE BOOK HAS BEEN DONE BY A GROUP OF SENIOR STUDENTS FOR THEIR GRADUATION PROJECT UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROFESSORS AND TEACHER ASSISTANTS AT MODERN SCIENCE AND ARTS UNIVERSITY IN THE FALL SEMESTER OF YEAR

2020/2021 UNDER SUPERVISION OF: DR. SAMEH ELFEQY DR. OMAR FAWZY DR. RASHA SAYED DR. DOAA ESSMAT DR. SALWA EL-GINDY DR. LAMIAA SHEHATA DR.RANIA ELMESSEDY ARC. YOUSRA ALAA ARC. TAHER ABDELGHADY ARC.OMAR MOSTFA ARC.AL SHAIMA GALAL ARC.NARIMAN GAMIL ARC.MERNA MOHAMED ARC.RANA ADEL

ABSRTACT Men are created different ; they lose their social freedom and their individual autonomy in seeking to become like each other (David Riesman,1995). At the end of the nineteenth century, theories advocated independence in architecture.

Autonomous architecture

means not following a specific architectural style, but rather according

to what the architect or client sees. The application of the principle of freedom and independence in architecture is very widely demonstrated in Business Park. When companies merge with each other in one place, with the independence of each company in its management and freedom, it is an application for Business Park that achieves Concept Autonomy. Suez is one of the commercial and tourist cities. Choosing the city of Suez to establish a project such as the Business Park will

contribute greatly to the success of this project due to the presence of many elements that will help the Business Park. On the other hand, there are also obstacles that may face the project and may impede the success of the project, whether due to the project site or during the design of the project, such as Circulation and Accessibility. The Business Park is a mixed-use project that contains an office area, a clinic area, a commercial area, and an entertainment area. This

diversity of function leads to attracting multiple spectrums of society from employers,

and workers, as well as tourists. Business Park

follows the concept of the Autonomy. It will be very useful in the city of Suez and a new addition to the general shape of the Business Park through the application of integration and independence together in one building.

TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT CHAPTER I : INTRODUCATION ABOUT AUTONOMY 1.1 Definition of Autonomy…………………………………………………….... P.9 1.2 History Of Autonomy. ……………………………………………………….. P.9 1.3 Theories Of Autonomy. ……………………………………………………… P.10 1.4 Conclusion………………..…………………………………………….…….. P.10

CHAPTER II : INTRODUCTION ABOUT SUEZ 2.1 Over view ………………………………………………………..……….... P.12 2.2 Site Location Of Suez. ………………………………………………………P.13 2.3 Road Accessibility ………………………………………………………….. P.14 CHAPTER III : HISTORICAL BACK GROUND 3.1 Timeline ………………………………………………………..……………. P.16 3.2 Urban Formation ………………………………………………………..…….P.17 CHAPTER IV : URBAN ANALYSIS 4.1 Land Use. ………………………………………………………..………….. P.19 4.2 Building Heights ………………………………………………………..……P.19 4.3 Building Condition …………………………………………………………..P.20 4.4 Road Hierarchy ………………………………………………………..……. P.20 4.5 Land Marks ………………………………………………………..………... P.21 4.6 Transportation. ………………………………………………………..…….. P.21 4.7 Economic Analysis …………………………………………………………. P.22 4.8 Social Analysis. ………………………………………………………..….… P.22 4.9 Climate Analysis ………………………………………………………...….. P.23 4.10 Swot Analysis ………………………………………………………...……..P.24 CHAPTER V : PROJECT SELECTION 5.1 Project Scope. ………………………………………………………...…….. 5.2 List Of Problems. ………………………………………………………...… 5.3 What is business Park. ……………………………………………………… 5.4 Our selection. …………………………………………….. ……………….. 5.5 Business park and Autonomy. ………………………………………………

P.26-29 P.30 P.31 P.31 P.32

CHAPTER VI : SITE SELECTION 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7

Criteria. . ………………………………………………………..……………..P.34-35 Site Location. . ……………………………………………………………… P.36 Site I. . ………………………………………………………..……………... P.37 Site II. . ………………………………………………………..…………….. P.38 Site III. . ………………………………………………………..…………… P.39 Comparison Between 3 Sites. .……………………………………………… P.40 Chosen Site. . ………………………………………………………..……… P.40

CHAPTER VII : SITE ANALYSIS 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6

Topography. . ………………………………………………………..……… Building Heights. . ………………………………………………………..… Building Conditions. . ………………………………………………………. Solid And Void. . ………………………………………………………..….. Road Hierarchy. . ………………………………………………………..… Land Marks. . ………………………………………………………..………

P.42 P.42 P.43 P.43 P.44 P.44

CHAPTER VIII : DESIGN ISSUES 8.1 Economy. . ………………………………………………………..……. ….. P.46 8.2 Comfort. . ………………………………………………………..………….. P.47 8.3 Circulation. . ………………………………………………………..……….. P.48 8.4 Interaction. . …..…………………………………………………..………… P.49 8.5 Flexibility. . ………………………………………………………..…….. .…..P.50 8.6 Regulations. . ………………………………………………………..………. P.51 8.7 Security. ………………………………………………………..……………. P.51 8.8 Safety. ………………………………………………………..……………… P.52 8.9 Accessibility. ………………………………………………………………….P.53 8.10 Mood. ………………………………………………………..……………….P.54 8.11 Environmental impact. ………………………………………………………P.55 8.12 conclusion.…………………………………………………………………... P.56 CHAPTER IX : CASE STUDIES Local Case Study 9.1 Sky Walk………………………………………………………….P.59-61 International Case Study 9.2 Googles London Headquarters…………………………………… P.63-65 Regional Case Study 9.3 Dogus Technology Center………………………………………... P.67-69 9.4 Conclusion of case studies……………………………………………... P.70-72

CHAPTER X : SUSTAINABILITY 10.1 Sustainability………………………………………………………….. P.74 10.2 Social Sustainability………………………………………………….. P.74 10.3 Environmental Sustainability………………………………………….P.74 10.4 Economical Sustainability……………………………………………..P.74 10.5 Green Building……………………………………………………….. P.77 10.6 Green Building Case study……………………………………………. P.77 10.7 LEED…………………………………………………………………. P.78 CHAPTER XI : DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 11.1 Demographics Studies………………………………………………... P.78 11.2 Space Program…………………………………………………………P.79-80 11.3 Standards And Design Program………………………………………. P.81-84 11.4 Design Guidelines………………………………………………........... P.85 11.5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….. p.86 CHAPTER XII : INDIVIDUAL WORK 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5

Author I (Ahmed Ehab)………………………………………………. P.89-93 Author II (Ahmed Mahmoud)……………...………………………… P.95-100 Author III (Ghada Mohamed)…………………………….………….. P.102-108 Author IV (Nourhan Mohamed)……………….…………………….. P.110-114 Author V (Shrouq Sameh)…………………………………………… P.116-120

CHAPTER XIII : BIBLIOGRAPHY

01 I

ntroduction About Autonomy

CHAPTER I General information about autonomy and how it related to architecture.

CHAPTER I Introduction About Autonomy

1.1 Definition Of Autonomy There are many architects who described autonomy in architecture, such as Mac Ewan who saw that autonomy in architecture is the expression of an individual's vision, whether in pictures or buildings, and there are also Lechner who see it as the freedom of artistic expression of the architect without any other considerations, and there is also the opinion of Susan Mild that You see that autonomy in architecture differs from one era to another according to the needs of people in that era

Fig(1.1.2), Three of Ledoux Houses ,(Emil Kauffman, 1960) Fig(1.1.1),definition of autonym, (Cameron McEwan,2013)

1.2 History Of Autonomy Industrial revolution It was the start of the spark to get architects to implement an autonomy concept 1790-1820

The first one who situated the theme of the autonomy of architecture is Emil Kaufmann in the 1930s.

Decode and decipher classical architecture in ancient Greece and Rome or modern architecture in the early stage. and generate their own coding system John Hejduk in the 1960s-1980s The Venice Biennale in 1981 culminated in the embodiment of autonomy when the Italians decided independence and opened the country to trade, which affected architecture and made architects begin to apply independence in architecture as well. Frampton's own stance seeks to defend a modernist version of either critical regionalism or a 'momentary' conception of architectural practice's autonomy in terms of Kenneth Frampton's own problems with shape and tectonics in 1991. Fig(1.3.1),time line of autonomy, (by auther.2020)

CHAPTER I Introduction About Autonomy

1.3 THEORIES OF AUTONOMY

“Architecture is a political act, by nature. It has to do with the relationships between people and how they decide to change their conditions of living”. (Lebbeus Woods.1990) Woods believes that architecture needs relationships and to open up more and keep pace with the development that takes place in the world, as well as fulfilling the demands of society.

(Lebbeus Woods) Fig.(1.4.1),(paintrest,2008)

1.4 CONCLUSION: at the end autonomy can define in main four words Integration, Comfort, Freedom, Independence.

Fig.(1.6.1),autonomy(by author. 2020)

In the end, the application of independence and the concept of autonomy became one of the most important things in the field of architecture. The Autonomy achieves, for architects and customers, what they need and see only from their point of view and comfort. And everything has opponents and supporters, but in the end, independence and freedom mean that everyone does what he needs and sees it right.

02 I

ntroduction About Suez

CHAPTER II Information about Suez Governorate

CHAPTER II Introduction About Suez

2.1 overview Suez is located on the southern tip of the Suez Canal to the north, bordered by the Ismailia Governorate - North Sinai Governorate. To the south it is bounded by the Red Sea Governorate. East bounded by South Sinai Governorate. West bounded by Cairo and Giza. The area of the governorate is 26 046.03 sq.km , and the population of the governorate is 752,872 people in 2019. (Suez apparatus,2020)

Suez Governorate has a population growth rate of 4.25%, and it has been a commercial port since the seventh century. The city became a particularly important port and one of the main industrial centers in Egypt after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. It became a naval base in the fifteenth century, and in 1869, the opening of the Suez Canal led to its development as a modern city. Today, Suez is one of the largest ports in Egypt. As well as activities along its five ports: Sokhna Port, Tawfik Port, Adabiya Port, Petroleum Basin Port, and El Atka Port . (Suez apparatus,2020)

• • • • •

Sokhna Port Tawfik Port Adabiya Port Petroleum Basin Port El Atka Port

5 3 4

Fig(2.1.1) overview map shows the location of the 5 ports (google earth, 2020)

Conclusion: •

Suez is considered one of Egypt's richest tourist attractions, as the average number of its annual visitors is more than 256,972 thousand visitors annually

•

Suez is considered a gateway to Africa and the countries of Southwest and East Asia, making it a meeting place for global trade and industrial investment

CHAPTER II Introduction About Suez

2.2 Site Location Of Suez

EGYPT

Fig(2.2.1) Egypt map (google earth, 2020)

EAST DELTA

EGYPT

Fig(2.2.2) East Delta map (google earth, 2020)

SUEZ

Fig(2.2.3) Suez map (google earth, 2020)

CHAPTER II Introduction About Suez

2.3 Road Accessibility

Ismailia Desert Road

Ismailia Desert Road This road goes from Cairo to Suez passing through Ismailia governorate.

Fig(2.3.1) Ismailia Desert Road (google map, 2017)

Ain El Sokhna Road

Ain El Sokhna Road This road goes from Cairo to Suez passing through Ein El-Sokhna road

Fig(2.3.2) Ain El Sokhna Road (google map,2017)

Suez Desert Road Suez Desert Road

This road goes from Cairo to Suez directly and it’s shortest road .

Fig(2.3.3) Suez Desert Road (google map, 2017) CONCLUSION: Having a business park in a commercial and tourist city like Suez will greatly benefit businessmen and companies that have business there by Merging more than one company in one place to work as one company, but with preserving the independence of each company to achieve Autonomy .

03 Historical Background CHAPTER III The chapter illustrate the history of Suez from the beginning till now

CHAPTER III Historical Background

1310 BC

3.1 Timeline

PHARAONIC ERA 1310BC-335BC

640 AD ISLAMIC CALIPHATE 640 AD

1240 AD

1517 AD

MAMLUK ERA 1250 AD- 1517 AD

1537 AD

MUHAMMED ALI 1769AD

ERA

OTTOMAN ERA 1517 AD-1900 AD

1769 AD

1801 AD

THE ENGLISH OCCUPATION 1899 AD-1956 AD

ABBASID ERA 750 AD-1240 AD

FRENCH CAMPAIGN 1789 AD-1807AD

1910 AD

CHAPTER III Historical Background

3.2 Urban Formation

1985 Suez Governorate Boundaries Was The City Of Suez And 3 Ports As Shown .

Fig.(3.3.1 )Suez urban expansion(earth,1985)

2002 Then Ain Al Sokhna City And Galalah City Project Was Proposed At The Time With The Other 2 Ports .

Fig.(3.3.2 )Suez urban expansion(earth,2002)

2021 Now Days New Suez Was Added To The Governorate Boundaries And The Government Start Planning The City .

Fig.(3.3.3 )Suez urban expansion(earth,2020)

Conclusion: With the increase in the population, new residential areas were created with the services of the agency. With the establishment of the suez canal, the importance of the city increased, and an urban and industrial expansion took place within the city . 17

04 Urban analysis CHAPTER IV This chapter includes full urban analysis for Suez governorate

CHAPTER IV Urban Analysis

4.1 Land Use

Fig(4.1.1),Land-use, Suez City, (Suez apparatus,2020) healthy Administrative

Fish farms Sheds My ports parking

social Entertaining Facilities

Vacant lands residential

Lands of a special nature

Agricultural lands The Suez Canal concession areas Ports Urban space residential commercial Stores

Administrative residential My religious housing Residential craftsman commercial Literal Industrial

religious General services educational military school

Suzan Mubarak Library

This map crystallize the high percentage of Industrial and administrative institutes, then residential come in the second place (Author 2020)

4.2 Building Heights

Fig(4.2.1(, Building heights, Suez City,(Suez apparatus,2020) 0-1 1-2

2-4

7-more

5-6

Building in Suez characterized by its low heights, where most of buildings consist of two stories ,which is the majority found in different ranges of heights like 2-4 stories that mainly found in residential and buildings. Also, it was found that there are more than 5 stories these difference in heights are pointed to using of different structure materials and different structure system (Author 2020)

CHAPTER IV Urban Analysis

4.3 Building Conditions

Fig(4.3.1) , Building Conditions, Suez city, (Suez apparatus,2020)

This analysis shows that the percentage of building condition , most of building in Suez has good condition and the other is moderate (Authors,2020)

4.4 Road Hierarchy

Fig(4.4.1),Road hierarchy , Suez city , (Suez apparatus,2020)

This map shows the varieties of road hierarchy in width and in relations between them. Generally, the roads are planned or with a grid; all roads have well connections to each other. According to site visit research firstly, the regional routes (thick black line) with width 15m as it's one where highway exist. Secondly, the major methods (gray line) is with width 9-10m and all of it finished with asphalt (Authors ,2020). 20

CHAPTER IV Urban Analysis

4.5 Land Marks 1 6

4 5 2

Fig(4.5.2),Landmarks, Sokhna city , (Google earth,2020)

Fig(4.5.1), Landmarks , Suez city, (Google earth,2020)

1-Stella di Mare Grand Hotel Fig(4.5.2.1), (Google,2020)

2-The factories area in Sokhna Fig(4.5.2.2), (Google,2020)

1- Suze university Fig(4.5.1.1),( Google,2020) 3-mövenpick resort el Sokhna Fig(4.5.2.3), (Google,2020)

3-Suze thermal power Fig.(4.5.1.3), (Google,2020) planet

4-Porto el-Sokhna resort Fig(4.5.2.4), (Google,2020)

5-The Galala university Fig(4.5.2.5),( Google,2020)

Fig.(4.5.1.2), (Google,2020) 2-Garage Suez oil processing

Fig(4.5.1.4),( 4-Egypt Google,2020) square

6-Porto el-Sokhna resort Fig(4.5.2.6), (Google,2020)

Fig(4.5.1.5), (Google,2020) 5-Suez sport stadium

6-Port Tawfik(Google,2020) Marian Fig(4.5.1.6),

Suez is a very important military city because of the Suez Canal. There are many factories. And an oil area near the Suez Canal, but also a city in which there are services such as schools, shops and entertainment places as well. We can say that Suez is a city with integrated facilities. (Authors ,2020). Ain Sokhna is a coastal and tourist city on the Red Sea. Most of the buildings in Ain Sokhna are hotels resorts. Most of these resorts have all the services, so they are integrated. Also there is the new city of AlJalalah, in which Al-Jalalah University is located, and it is an important and developed city. There are also residential neighborhoods and archaeological sites in Ain Sokhna, such as Porto el-Sokhna resort .Sokhna is primarily a tourist city, whether internal or external. (Authors ,2020).

4.6 Transportation There is different types of mobility such as car ,microbus ,motorbike , truck must of people used cars and micro-bus in the main roads. (Authors ,2020).

Used in business field there; as to carry heavy good and stuff. Used as a private transportation. Utilized as a private transportation. As it very well may be claimed by somebody or leased for a specific gathering.

Micro bus for public and specially for foreign transportation in Suez city.

CHAPTER IV Urban Analysis

4.7 Economic Analysis Modern Suez plays an important role through its importance commercially and maritimely, as it is linked to Cairo 80 miles (130 km)from west ,by railways and land. It also has the largest transit port that contains oil refineries connected to Cairo through pipelines and there are factories for industrial fertilizers and workshops for the canal. Suez is also starting point for going people to hajj(pilgrimage to Mecca). Suez is considered one of the most shipping areas in the world, which passes through millions of ships annually. It also crosses an economic region(Sc zone) and plays a commercial role worldwide along the banks of the newly expanded Suez Canal. Nevertheless, it also occupies a strategic position between both Asia and Europe as it passes It has more than 8% of world trade every year, and it has come from tax-free areas in 1975 and now there are pharmaceutical and textile factories (Britannica,2014)

Fig(4.7.1), Economy , (Google,2020)

Conclusion: Suez is considered one of the largest industrial and commercial cities in Egypt. It depends on trade on the Suez Canal. (Authors ,2020).

4.8 Social analysis Traditions They had some customs and traditions that distinguished them from the rest of the governorates, that they were on the morning of Eid, racing with camels among themselves, and they were competing among them who had the ability to control camels, which some consider to be more difficult than horses and because these customs have now stopped (Sharon Fig(4.8.1)sabra sea fruit( masrway news Schweitzer,2017). paper,2017) The people of Suez have some customs and traditions in food that they are distinguished from others in that they prefer eating koshari with herring or salted fish, whose name is known by the cylinder. They are also one of the most famous industries and crafts for the people of Suez, which is fishing. On the morning of Eid al-Fitr, seafood vendors are spreading by selling fish that is known by the name Basarma, which are dried fish and are extracted from its shell, which is characterized by its taste with delicious and salty meat, which people agree to buy and eat alone (Sharon Schweitzer,2017). Conclusion: Suez has different traditions compared to other cites in Egypt specially (food- Eid ).(Authors,2020)

CHAPTER IV Urban Analysis

4.9 Climate Analysis

Fig(4.9.2),Temperature, Suez city, (Climate Consultant,2020) Fig(4.9.1),Humidity, Suez city, (Climate Consultant,2020)

Humidity Suez is considered one of the areas that witness very severe humidity. The chart show The high average humidity per year in August 17 with a rate of 72%, the lowest average humidity in the year is January 9, and the humidity rate is zero (Jean Meeus,2018).

(Fig.4.9.3),Wind, Suez city, Climate Consultant,2020

the red line Represent The daily average high and low and blue line represent temperature. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average temperatures.

Temperature The hot season lasted from May 20 to September 26 over a period of 4.2 months, with an average higher than 88 degrees Fahrenheit per day, and is considered the highest day of the year in the year, with a rise in temperature of July 21 with an average of 94 degrees Fahrenheit and a decrease of 75 degrees Fahrenheit. The cold season starts from March 3 to March 6 with an average rate of less than 71 degrees Fahrenheit.(Meeus,2018).

Fig(4.9.4),Wind, Suez city, (Climate Consultant,2020)

The dark gray line represent the wind speed in hours

Wind The most windy period is from 27 February to18 July, and it is over a period of 4 months, during which the wind speed is at an average of 8.8 miles. Also, 8 June is the most windy day of the year in which the winds are at a rate of 9.7 miles The most windy days are from 18July to 27 February, and its duration is 7 months. The lowest day in the year is 5th January winds (Jean Meeus,2018).

2 3

CHAPTER IV Urban Analysis

4.10 Swot Analysis Strengths • Transportation routes and highway systems • Population growth • Job growth • Geographical location • High land value

Weakness • Limited Affordable Programs for disadvantaged Youth High quality of life • pollution • Lack of job opportunities helped increase unemployment. • Accommodation. • Limited market choose for land and commercial building.

Opportunity • Easy access to the site. • Attract larger, wider target users. • Suez canal will be beneficial in our project. • Strong city branding.

Threats • Regulations and potential laws can cause some of the challenges and difficulties impeding the freedom of creativity • The lack of adequate housing for the workers.

Conclusion: Suez Governorate is economically good governorate and it has many materials and ingredients for the success of any project established within it. One of the most important examples is the presence of the Suez Canal. Also, Suez Governorate is a city full of services such as transportation.(Authors,2020)

05 Project selection CHAPTER V Why Suez city? And why business park and how it related to Autonomy

CHAPTER V Project Selection

5.1 Project Scope 1.why Suez city: Suez is an industrial city with many factories such as petroleum factories. As well as the presence of the Suez Canal and the presence of a major port in Suez, all this gives Suez great commercial importance in Egypt. (Author,2020)

Suez is one of the richest cities in Egypt and its income levels are very high. This is also due to the importance of the Suez Canal, the large commercial movement that takes place in Suez. Also, the exploitation of the port of commercial ships to and from all parts of the world increases the city of Suez. Also, the city of Suez is a tourist attraction that attracts tourists due to its green nature that attracts people . (Author,2020) 2.why business park : Having a business park in a commercial and tourist city like Suez will greatly benefit businessmen and companies that have business there. It will also be an opportunity to increase investment in Suez, and increase business there. The Business Park project includes headquarters for companies as well as places for entertainment, and this makes it a mixed-use project for businessmen and company owners as well as for residents and tourists in the city(Author ,2020)

Offices building

Commercial

Restaurants and cafe

3-The aim of the project: The Business Park project aims to attract two basic groups of people, first business men, secondly, tourists entering or leaving, increasing business and the proportion of investment in Suez, and exploiting the presence of the Suez Canal to attract companies to establish headquarters close to the Suez Canal. The project also aims to create entertainment places such as shops and restaurants, which will attract tourists to the project (Author,2020)

The integration of many jobs gives the project independence and the self-sufficiency of the people who will use the project, due to the multiplicity of jobs in the presence of offices and headquarters for companies and the presence of restaurants and shops(Author,2020)

Fig(5.1.1)business park (google,2019)

CHAPTER V Project Selection

5.1 Project Scope 4.Business park VS office building : Office building

Business park

An office building is a group of offices that do a work. And the building will have one function, which is business.

Business Park includes different functions. Like Offices, Resultants, Mpu, etc…….

Fig(5.1.3)building Fig(5.1.2)office building(Pinterest ,2017) office(pinterest,2017)

Fig(5.1.4)Galleria 40(google,2019)

Fig(5.1.5)Galleria 40 (google,2017)

Business Park Zones

Offices zone

shops zone

Clinic zone

gym zone

Beauty centers

Restaurants zone

5.Project approach:

cultural approach:

Economical :

Social :

Claiming on Suez cultural and heritage as its starts longtime age and focusing on the traditional techniques.

Targeting the community investors to start developing Suez region.

Targeting the community of Suez city to integrate between the different categories

6.Target groups:

Youth

Youth are the power of any project they are the main factor of the project to stand out.

Investors

Attracting investors is from the main aspects of the project. As they will be a main part in solving economical problem of the government.

Tourists

Tourists inside the city of Suez came for watching large ships passing through the Suez Canal 27

CHAPTER V Project Selection

5.1 Project Scope 7.Target users:

Local riddance The local population of Suez include all members with different ages and different social standard

Touristic The tourism index may be a marketing tool for the project, and the project for the project will help raise the economic level in Suez.

8.Strategies : 1- Determining needs and requirements. ❑ Local residents ❑ for workers ❑ For investors ❑ for tourists 2 - Classification of groups and following up on the needs of each target group.

3- A business plan is developed in the project to attract users / target groups 4- Community participation in achieving a common goal, as well as participation in decision-making. 5- Evaluating the project after achieving these strategies and following up and reviewing these strategies

9.Objective: Increasing the volume of business in Suez through the work of Business Park.

Exploiting the presence of the Suez Canal for the positive returns that will help in the business in business Park.

The merging of several companies to become the Business Park as one company, but each company is independent from the other, which achieves the concept of autonomy.

Attracting inbound and outbound tourists through various entertainment means. (Author,2020) 28

CHAPTER V Project Selection

5.1 Project Scope 10- Branding development strategies: •

There will gone be a quarter conference that will held for all departments within Business park to discuss joint business.

•

There will gone be a lot of celebrations within the year such as New year , Eid, Ramadan , 6 of October victory….. That will attract people to us.

•

Holding companies events , car event and engineering event that will attract the people.

11. Business Park Functions

Business

Health care

Commercial

Entertainment

Events & celebrate

Conclusion: According to the above in the Project Scope, it helped to know the purpose of the project and what are the objectives of the Business Park that were exemplified in several objectives, including increasing investment as well as how the merging of companies with their application of Concept Scope helps the Business Park in achieving its goals. We were also able to know that Suez is a very good location for building a Business Park for several reasons, including the commercial importance of Suez. Also, studying how to develop the pony park and what events will contribute to it(Author,2020)

CHAPTER V Project Selection

5.2 List of problems Observed Problems related to Suez City :

Marketing

Economy

Pollution

Transportation

Accommodation

Tourism

Unemployment

Business Park will help in solving some of this problems : Economy: By attracting international companies to the project, it will help increase the city's income, and when it exceed economically, it will help it to become economically self-sufficient.

Unemployment: There are many jobs, so there are different types of employees integrated together in one place with the independence of each employee in his field of work . so there will be chance for young employee for work.

Tourism: Intertreatment features will help to increase tourism, So it will be Integrated between different social categories in Business park. For example: Tourism, and Employees. (Author,2020)

CHAPTER V Project Selection

5.3What Is Business Park A business park or office park is a zone of land where numerous places of business are gathered. The principal office park opened in Mountain Brook, Alabama, in the mid 1950s to maintain a strategic distance from racial pressure in downtown areas . (MasrItalin,2017)

Fig(5.3.1) business park (google,2020)

Business parks are regularly evolved in rural areas where land and building costs are less expensive. They additionally will in general be situated close to motorways or principle streets for simple access.

Fig(5.3.2)simple access of business park(google,2020)

5.4 Our Selection Choosing a Business Park project at Suez city because of several advantages Due to the presence of the Suez canal and the main port , this will help companies inside the business park. Because of the development in Suez. The projects in this area are mainly marinas and houses.

Fig(5.4.1) business park(google,2020)

CHAPTER V Project Selection

5.5 Business Park And Autonomy In the past, most of the business was done through the exchange of services or benefits, for example, a cloth merchant takes bread from a baker in exchange for a piece of cloth. Therefore, we can say that previously business relied on the so-called barter. Barter Let every owner of a commodity be free to exchange his commodity for whatever he wants from the owners of other commodities. However, there are many disadvantages to barter, the most important of which is that it limits the freedom of the individual to choose the commodity that he wants and the commodity that he owns, or he may not own a commodity at all. Money made it much easier for people because it gives more freedom to buy what the individual wants, until the time when he does not have another commodity to barter with. The exchange of currencies or commodities is an overlap of interests and benefits from others. After the progress and the change of people's needs and the increase in the so-called companies, every company specializes in the type of business that people need to meet their food needs or in construction, clothing, or service etc. When there is more than one company working in the same field, a partnership or merger occurs between them. The integration of common interests gives companies more freedom in doing business and is better in speed and quality of work (Author ,2020)

5.6 Autonomy In Business Merging more than one company in one place to work as one company, but with preserving the independence of each company Construction company

Business

Integration

Architecture company

Ex:

Autonomy

Material supplier company

Booking office

Fig(5.6.1)By author. Autonomy in business

Business park and autonomy :

Customs clearance company

Fig(5.6.2)By author. Autonomy in business

06 Site selection CHAPTER VI criteria of choosing a site and the selected site for the project.

CHAPTER VI Site Selection

6.1 Criteria 6.1.1 Autonomy Criteria

Flexibility Flexibility can be interpreted as the ability or adaptability to build what flows into its need or coordination of its area. It is also possible that you are also known as vital flexibility, for example, multi-use spaces or huge heights from floor to ceiling(Ben Holland and Greg Rucks.2018) Integration It can be interpreted as a different way to reformulate the truth in a way in which the artist feels color, movement and creativity, or transforming the simulation of nature into a feeling. These shapes can be explained by geometric shapes such as (square, triangle, circle)(blende hays.2014) Freedom As topic inside structure begins off evolved with the present day movement: the unfastened plan, the free façade, the free flowing space . Modernism set structure unfastened from archetypes through abstraction, implying unfastened composition with out the strictures of symmetry and proportion, set partitions and envelope unfastened from structural loads (unfastened plan, unfastened facade), and promoted a unfastened flowing space. (Mies van derRohe,, 1929)

Landmarks It knows it may be herbal or man-made flavour. People can easily locate or locate directions and navigate.(Dalibor Radovan,2008)

CHAPTER VI Site Selection

View Natural physical features like trees, rocks, topography, rivers, see and ponds Man made features – existing buildings, walls, surrounding vernacular, setbacks, materials, and landscaping.( Kruchten, Philippe 1995)

Site Services Services inside the property are an example of how to distribute and secure the property from fires, collect sanitation and ease of access to the property(the corporation of the city,2003)

Conclusion:

freedom in architecture means that the architect can free from all boundaries and rules of the architecture in design to shows his creativity in building that can applied in internal spaces, shape of space, structure systems, and mass of buildings.

(Fig.6.1.1.1),freedom in architecture, (paintrest,2013)

Conclusion: Integration is an art through which many geometric shapes can be separated from only one shape, and this indicates the diversity in architectural design (Fig.6.1.1.2),integration in architecture, (paintrest,2017)

Conclusion: Achieving flexibility in design is important in some architectural projects in order to make it easier for users to use functions of building in an easy and comfortable way, and also flexibility can described in design multi-use spaces to make usage of spaces more easier to users (Fig.6.1.1.3),fixability in architecture, (paintrest,2017)

CHAPTER VI Site Selection

6.2 Site Location

Fig(6.2.1),Suez governorate,(Google earth,2020)

Fig(6.2.2),Suez city,(Google earth,2020)

SITE 1

Fig(6.2.3),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020)

Fig(6.2.4),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020)

SITE 2

SITE 3 36

CHAPTER VI Site Selection

6.3 Site I

Fig(6.3.2),Suez canal,(Google,2020)

Site I

Fig(6.3.3),Suez factory,(Google,2020) Fig(6.3.1),Suez city,(Google earth,2020)

Conclusion: Based on this table the first site is the best because it will benefit the Business Park project because the site has many features that you will be goof for the project. like good views and accessibility.

Fig(6.3.4),Suez building regulation ,(Google,2020)

• • • • •

•

There are a lot of noise sources Main roads can cause crowd. Surrounded by factories. street venders. Bad building conditions.

• •

Strengths

Opportunity Weakness

• • • • • •

Cornish view` next to landmarks easy to access from residential areas min to port Tawfik transportation routes and highway systems. High land value .

Regulations and potential laws can cause some of the challenges and difficulties impeding the freedom of creativity Cannot expand in future. Pollution.

Threats •

• • •

Easy access to the site. Attract larger, wider target users. Suez canal will be beneficial in our project. Strong city branding.

CHAPTER VI Site Selection

6.4 Site II

Fig(6.4.2),res sea,(Google,2020)

Fig(6.4.3),surrounding,(Google,2020) Fig(6.4.1),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020)

•

• •

•

Limited market choose for land and commercial building. Lack of housing affordable units for workers. Lack of services.

•

Strengths

Opportunity Weakness

• • • • •

Transportation routes and highway systems High quality of life Geographical location High land value Near to Galal University.

Regulations and potential laws can cause some of the challenges and difficulties impeding the freedom of creativity. The lack of adequate housing for the workers.

Threats • • • • •

Easy access to the site. Attract larger, wider target users. Strong city branding. The only commercial building in this area. expansions in future

CHAPTER VI Site Selection

6.5 Site III

Fig(6.5.2),stella de Mary,(Google,2020)

Fig(6.5.3),surrounding,(Google,2020) Fig(6.5.1),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020)

•

• • •

Near to factory. Accommodation. Limited market choose for land and commercial building.

•

Strengths

Opportunity Weakness

• • • • •

High quality of life Geographical location . High land value. Accessibility on main street. Infront of stella di mare sea club hotel.

Regulations and potential laws can cause some of the challenges and difficulties impeding the freedom of creativity The lack of adequate housing for the workers. Pollution.

Threats • • • •

Easy access to the site. Strong city branding. Can make expansions in the Future. The only commercial building in this area.

CHAPTER VI Site Selection

6.6 Comparison Between 3 Sites POINTS

SITE 1

SITE 2

SITE 3

View Landmark Accessibility Site services

Site I Site II

Regulations

Site III

Flexibility

Total

1Points

6.7 Chosen site

SITE 1

Fig(6.7.1),Suez city,(Google earth,2020)

07 Site analysis CHAPTER VII This chapter includes Analysis for Our chosen site

CHAPTER VII Site analysis

7.1 Topography

Fig(7.1.1),Suez City, (Google earth,2020)

Fig(7.1.2),Suez city, (Google earth,2020)

These section shows the counter lines for Suez city from point 1 to point 2 on the map . Conclusion: • There is no difference in the topography of the sight and there is no contour. according to that there is no need for excavation or backfilling the site. (Authors,2020)

7.2 Building Heights

14% 13%

Fig(7.2.2),Building Heights, Suez (Google earth ,2020)

67%

Fig(7.2.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020)

0-5m 10-15m

5-10m 15-20m

Conclusion: Through the heights of the buildings on the site, we conclude that most of the heights of • Residential buildings are higher than six floors. (Authors,2020) • Commercial buildings range from one floor to two floors. (Authors,2020) • Most of the Educational buildings three to four floors. (Authors,2020) • But most of the buildings, especially near the Suez Canal don't exceed four floors, because it is a military zone. (Authors,2020)

CHAPTER VII Site analysis

7.3 Building Condition

Fig(7.3.2),Building conditions, Suez (Google earth ,2020)

Building Condition (moderate),Suez

97 % Good Moderate Fig(7.3.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020)

Fig(7.3.3),Building condition, Suez (Google earth ,2020)

Conclusion: Most of the building in this site it's condition is moderate.

Building Condition (good),Suez

7.4 Solid And Void 3% 97 % Solid

Fig(7.4.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020)

Void

Fig(7.4.2),solid & void, Suez (Google earth ,2020)

Fig(7.4.3),solid & void, Suez (Google earth ,2020)

Conclusion: • •

The Ratio of solid is more Than that Should existed. Solid are represent the building types building such as Residential ,commercial ,Educational while voids represent parking ,roads ,unused area. (Authors,2020)

CHAPTER VII Site analysis

7.5 Road Hierarchy

Fig(7.5.2),Road hierarchy, Suez (Google earth ,2020)

Fig(7.5.3), Road hierarchy, Suez (Google earth ,2020)

Fig(7.5.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020)

Conclusion: • From hierarchy map studies we concluded that the site we selected can be reached from three main road . (Authors,2020)

7.6 Land Marks

1-Suez sports stadium

4-Suez social club

5 Fig(7.6.2), (Google,2020)

2-suez Cornish

4 1

Fig(7.6.5), (Google,2020)

5-Suez Fever Hospital

3 Fig(7.6.3), (Google,2020)

3-El Shohada'a Park

Fig.(7.6.6), (Google,2020)

6-general office of Suez Governorate

Fig(7.6.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020)

Fig(7.6.4), (Google,2020)

Fig.(7.6.7), (Google,2020)

Conclusion: The surrounding area is very lively area full of services that benefit the location. There are a lot of shops and also the Suez Stadium. The site also has an aesthetic view, which is the Suez Corniche. The Suez area is considered an important military area and there are many factories in it due to the presence of the Suez Canal, which will greatly benefit the site. (Authors,2020) 44

08 Design Issues CHAPTER VIII This chapter includes Design issues that should be taken in consideration for good building

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.1 Economy

❑Economy general definition : • . Economics is a social science in which the production, distribution and usage of products and services are involved(investopida,2019)

Fig(8.1.1)Economy(google,2019)

❑ Economy architecture definition : • Economy in architecture is the conditions and constituents that are around and affect it with failure or success in financial terms, and the economic challenges facing architecture .(Stuart yasgur,2020)

❑ The autonomy in economic architecture :

• can apply autonomy in the economy through an autonomous conception or a closed society that produces what it needs and benefits from the waste that is exported from it. Fig(8.1.2)apply autonomy in the economy (google,2019)

❑ How can we implement anatomy economics in the project: • We can create an independent and selfcontained business park that will exist in it. Creating a closed society that is self-sufficient and free to make statements that benefit it. Fig(8.1.3) independent and self-contained business park (google,2017)

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.2 Comfort ❑ Comfort General definition : • Physical ease and painlessness and freedom of restriction. (Charles kingsley )

❑ Comfort Architecture Definition: • The idea of comfort is directly linked to the development of physical and mental well-being spaces. In architectural terms, it refers to ambient qualities such as the level of noise and temperature sense of security(Sunstein,2018).

Fig(8.2.1) comfort room(Pinterest ,2019)

❑ Comfort psychological: • There are many comfort factors that will have a direct impact on the Renaissance Park such as: The presence of many sources of inconvenience will reduce the comfort of employees in companies and therefore may require the work of walls with sound-insulating materials to maintain their comfort.

The presence of wind surrounding the project will help to use the natural ventilation. Good View is a very influencing factor for employees that may affect their ability to work and require creating windows or using transparent walls towards good view. The presence of natural sources for the entry of light benefit the project greatly, reducing the use of artificial light sources

❑ Comfort physically :

Fig(8.2.2)diagram of thermal comfort (google,2019)

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.3 Circulation ❑ Circulation general definition : • an act or instance of circulating, moving in a circle or circuit, or flowing.

❑ Circulation architecture definition : The network that connect the outside of the building and inside through vertical or horizontal path .(estenadoyro,2008)

Fig(8.3.1)circulation(google,2019)

❑ Circulation :

Fig(8.3.2) circulation in architecture(auther,2010)

❑ Circulation Types: ❑ Horizontal circulation: Making the furniture as part of the atonement plan because it is directly related to the area of the place (estenadoyro,2020)

Fig(8.3.5)example of horizontal circulation (google,2019

❑ Public circulation: • They are areas and spaces within the building that are easily accessible through the circulation, including a waiting room, room or display again. (Tom Baker,2019)

Fig(8.3.9)example of public circulation )google,2017

❑ Vertical circulation: The way people move around, such as stairs, elevators, and ramps that move people from one level to another

Fig(8.3.6)example of vertical circulation (pinterest,2019)

❑ Private circulation: • It represents the closer innovations within the system, or the more appalling ones that involve a degree of security(Ingenieur Consultant,2015)

Fig(8.3.10)example of private circulation (pinterset,2017)

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.4 INTERACTION ❑ Interaction general definition : Connection is a sort of activity that happens as at least two items have an impact upon each other.(J Reach,2018)

❑ Interaction architecture definition : • A bunch of practices of an individual or gathering speak to dependent on arranged zones.(Google zoeken,2020)

❑ Types Of Interaction : 1.

Fig(8.4.1)integration between people (pinterset,2020)

Interactionn between users and others:

• The presence of two people in the same space, changing information about the place, when the two people can act mutually and there is an interaction between them in actions or speech between them or the reaction of one of them to the other

2. Interaction Between The Background Of The Surrounding Buildings:

Fig(8.4.2)interaction between users and others(Pinterest,2020)

• The atmosphere of the structure must be strong in places where there is a link between the station environment and the building, so that the conditions surrounding the building remain good and healthy.

3. Interaction With Users And Buildings:

Fig(8.4.3)interaction between surrounding and background

• It is very important to achieve communication between the current users and the building, as well as provide the ability for the user to communicate internally and externally . (by KJ Kalvelage ,2014)

Fig(8.4.4)interaction between user and building(pintereset,2020)

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.5 Flexibility ❑ Flexibility general definition : • The quality of being easily adapted or of offering many different options.

❑ Flexibility architecture definition : • Flexibility” in architecture, refers to the ability of a building to continuously adapt its space layout and even its structure to evolving needs.

Flexibility types Transformability Adaptability

Movability

Responsive

Convertibility

Building – Structure – Floor Plan – Volume Flexibility ❑ Adaptability: • Mobile structures are utilized to arrive at versatility to clients requires.

Fig(8.5.1) , Adopolity,(Geoff,2007)

❑ Universal: • Ease of modification to the building through location numbers and plans

Fig(8.5.2) , Transformability,(Schroeder,2007)

❑ Flexible Architecture : focuses on two dominant strategies to achieve architectural flexibility: multi-functionality and polyvalence.

❑ Transform ability: • The facility for adjusting the creation of things between its unmistakable state and end

Fig(8.5.3) , Transformability ,(Schroeder,2007)

❑ Convertibility: • The maximum areas to accept with the diversity of the environment.

Fig(8.5.4) , Transformability ,(Schroeder,2007)

❑ Strategies to achieve flexibility in proposed project: • Use curtain wall instead of brick wall. • Use partitions to divide floor plans into different zones. • Build with steel structure. • Use movable furniture.

Fig(8.5.5) flexible multi-functionality(google,2020)

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.6 Regulations ❑ Regulations general definition : • Regulations are rules laid down by a government or other authority to control the way in which something is done or the way in which people behave. ❑ Regulations architecture definition : • Is a set of rules specifying standards for constructed objects, such as buildings and non-building structures.

Fig(8.6.1)regulations of building(pinterset,2018)

❑ Effect of regulations in buildings: • Here are the regulations and standards that clarify the minimum standards for construction and safety regulations for buildings and buildings. These laws and standards are put in place to ensure the safety of the building, its durability, and its tolerance of the circumstances surrounding it or emergency circumstances that may occur to the community. .(designmag,2019) 8.7 Security ❑ Security general definition : • The state of being free from danger or threat. ( open security Architecture 2007)

❑ Security architecture definition : It is a unified security model that addresses the needs and possible risks involved in a certain area or scenario. It also defines when to apply security measures and where to apply them. In general, the design process is reproducible (WBDG Secure/safe committee-2017)

❑ Security methods in proposed project that will use: • • • • • •

Fig(8.7.1)security(flaticon,2020

finger print security electronic gates Eye print security Network security Cameras for security Surveillance cameras Fig(.8.7.2)integration one security in building(2020) Conclusion: our project is business so we need the maximum level of security and privacy such as cameras ,alarms and security mans 51

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.8 Safety ❑ Safety general definition : • Public safety is an interdisciplinary approach to establishing and ensuring consistency with administrative offices, safe working practices and maintaining the well-being and prosperity of those employed in a particular profession or work environment.

Fig(8.8.1)fintech control pvt, safety in building(2015)

❑ Safety architecture definition : • It is a state of protection against potential harm or something designed to protect and prevent damage and human safety within the building, such as smoke control, emergency lighting and fire alarms (Minister of Housing 2007)

Fig(8.8.2)safety signs (Ron Café& Harrington))

❑ Type of hazard: 1. Physical(Slippery floors, noise, radiation 2. Chemical (carcinogens) 3. Biological (bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds) 4. Psychological – Shift work, workload, dealing with the public

Fig(8.8.2) physical, slippery Fig(8.8.4)physical floor(google,2020) ,Noise (google,2020)

❑ Things that should be taken in our project : 1. Escape from staircase 2. Distances between staircase taken form code

❑ Fire codes ❑ -Vertical escape ❑ Emergency staircase ❑ Umbrella sprinkler ❑ Protected2-Horizontal escape ❑ corridor form fire

❑ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Emergency plan for fire safety Know your building’s evacuation plan. Know the exist door Make sure the stairways and corridors closed Make sure how to use fire extinguisher. Do not Ignore any building alarm

Conclusion: safety is to evacuate users of building in emergency and to make the safe building for users, fire protection ,professional safety .

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.9 Accessibility ❑ Accessibility general definition : • The quality of being easy to approach, reach, enter, use, or understand. (HENERY,2020)

❑ Accessibility architecture definition : • Universal accessibility in architecture refers to the capacity that all people have to access and inhabit a space regardless of their cognitive and physical capacities.

Fig(8.9.1)Accessibility (pinteeset,2020)

❑ Example of problem that can effect to Accessibility: • Removing Barriers: Close doorways, heavy doors and poor signage can make it difficult for people living with physical illness to access the building. The aim of the architects is to remove the traditional design features that could pose a challenge to people with mobility problems.

fig(8.9.2)signs of palace (google,2020)

❑Accessibility Features:

• Car parking People in wheelchairs are often shorter; they're sitting there, after all. As you can guess, that makes it a lot harder for them to see through the back of the windshield. Putting accessible parking spots closer to the entrance reduces their chances of being hit by a backup car.

Fig(8.9.3)example of car parking problem (pinterset,2020)

People in wheelchairs are often shorter; they're sitting there, after all. As you can guess, that makes it a lot harder for them to see through the back of the windshield. Putting accessible parking spots closer to the entrance reduces their chances of being hit by a backup car.

Fig(8.9.4) elevators(google,2020)

Fig(8.9.5) low-slope ramps(google,2020)

Fig(8.9.6)power-assisted doors (google,2020)

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.10 Mood ❑ Color • Even something as simple as the interior color of a building can affect our mood and perceptions(Marc Newson,2010) • Colors, by and large, have a real impact on the individual's inclination and mindset and status, additionally have a profound impact and can change the degree of energy that individuals can equally have on the individual's well-being. Green blue magenta. Static: green, blue, brown, earthy tones. Cleanliness: blue, white, pink, green, light yellow (Marc Newson,2010) ❑Materials • Wooden surfaces make a room feel warmer and crosier and they also have a calming effect. In these properties, wood beats all other normal surface materials.

Roofing

❑Ceiling Height

Insulations

Walls

Fig(8.10.1)Material(google,2020)

• The different heights of the ceilings give different • impressions from the users, so the roof of al-Mu'tafa • gives a feeling of freedom and breadth of thinking, • while the lowered ceilings give a more specific and • focused effect of things. ❑ Factors affecting mood: Building Views Lighting The exterior of a building often plays a role in influencing emotional reactions. Even at the basic level, how a building looks can have a psychological effect, too.

Fig(8.10.2)height ceiling(google,2020)

The way a building is lit also changes our feelings and emotions. Public spaces and homes should provide natural light and the ability to glimpse outside.

Fig(8.10.3) effecting of mood in building (google,2020)

Fig(8.10.4) Building view (google,2020)

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.11 environmental impact •

General definitions :

Refers to the possible effects a particular action may have on the natural environment .These effects can be either negative or positive

•

Architecture definitions :

Environmental impact design (EID) is the design of development projects to achieve this Positive environmental objectives that benefit the environment and increase public profit.

Fig(8.11.1)environmental effect (pinterest,2020)

•

This section explains the environmental impact in a small house from every thing around the building.

Fig(8.11.2)environmental effect (pinterest,2020)

•

Effect on architecture:

The building gets a great deal of natural air through natural ventilation and is well evaluated by louvers that can protect against sun and bad winds and achieve shading whenever required.

Fig(8.11.3),environmental impact design,(google,2020)

CHAPTER VIII Design Issues

8.12 Conclusion of Design issues Design Issues

Definition

Effect on architecture •

Economy

conditions and constituents that are around and affect it with failure or success in financial terms, and the economic challenges facing architecture.

• • •

Comfort

In architectural terms, it refers to ambient qualities such as the level of noise and temperature sense of security.

• •

Circulation

Interaction Flexibility

In architecture, circulation refers to the way people move through and interact with a building.

•

While architecture and interaction design have traditionally dealt with ontologically different matters, this distinction is now being challenged.

• •

continuously adapt its space layout and even its structure to evolving needs.

•

Visibility

Mood

Visibility in architectural layouts affects • human navigate- tion, so a suitable representation of visibility context is useful in • understanding human activity The identity of architecture is often conceptualised and portrayed as an immutable or historically continuous entity within certain existing areas of architectural design, heritage conservation, architectural history and literature.

• • •

. No architecture without economy, no economy without architecture. can apply autonomy in the economy through an autonomous a closed community focuses on structural developments to enhance the quality of people life many sources of inconvenience require walls with sound-insulating materials to maintain their comfort. The presence of wind surrounding the project will help to use the natural ventilation. The presence of natural sources reducing the use of artificial light sources

It can unify the building and the different functions can be separated by it The circulation organization provides comfort and a sense of freedom of movement within the building It realizes the principle of autonomy The unit of the project regardless of the different function in it integrate more than one function in one place Flexibility provides freedom to the user within the building Flexibility affects many factors that cause user comfort, such as circulation represent spatial context in the interpretation of human activity. visible layout are considered to be random variables that evolve with time during the agent’s movement, The presence of identity gives the building great importance Make the building a landmark The independence of the building from what is around it, and this makes it achieve the autonomy

Safety

Is a state of being protected from potential • harm or something that has been designed to protect and prevent harm and to safety human inside the building like smoke control ,emergency lighting ,fire alarm .

security

Is a unified security design that addresses the necessities and potential risks involved in a certain scenario or environment.

•

Security is the main issue on the project, is implies the entire secured as pc information, using high technology to make appropriate environment for users.

The impress or meaning that perceiver gets from a building's form art outer surface that describe building's message or atmosphere.

•

Image should be reflect the project in the society as in architecture feature skyline community how the perceive it and its impact on them

Image

safety is to evacuate users of building in emergency and to make the safe building for users, fire protection ,professional safety .

09 C

ase studies

CHAPTER IX This chapter includes ideas for autonomy buildings and business park building 7 local case studies I 7 international case studies I 4 Regional case studies

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

LOCAL CASE STUDYIES

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

9.1 SKYWALK, shaikh Zayed Architects: pioneering Real-Estate Developer company Location:Alexandria Desert Rd, Al Giza Desert, Giza Governorate Area: 170,046 sqm Project Year: under construction Building type: public/ business Building use: business park Fig.(9.1.1),interior shot,(skywaik.2020)

Building description : Skywalk is a mixed-use project that contains a hotel, restaurants, shopping area, and a business park, these are clustered on three main streets: High Street, Riverwalk and Boulevard. The Business Park consists of several buildings consisting of four floors and contains several offices starting from an area of 83 square meters.

❑

Master plan :

Fig.(9.1.2),lay-out,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.3),zoning,(skywaik.2020)

Fig.11.1.2 Conclusion: The circulation inside the compound is organized, easy and smooth. It makes the relationship between different buildings strong and moving between them easy.

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

9.1 SKYWALK, shaikh Zayed ❑

Circulation :

Main Entrance Walk ways Internal streets Building Entrance Fig.(9.1.4),circulation ,(auther.2020)

Conclusion: The circulation inside the compound is organized, easy and smooth. It makes the relationship between different buildings strong and moving between them easy.

❑ Elevation Fig.(9.1.5),elevation,(skywaik.2020)

Conclusion:

Fig.(9.1.6),elevation,(skywaik.2020)

Modern style is what characterizes the place, such as the use of Curtin Wall. Which helps in entering natural lighting. Also, the use of a water feature, which gives a comfortable look and also helps in moisturizing the air. Fig.(9.1.7),elevation,(skywaik.2020)

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

9.1 SKYWALK, shaikh Zayed

➢

Design issues : Integration

Fig.(9.1.9),lay-out,(skywaik.2020)

Circulation

Fig.(9.1.9),lay-out,(skywaik.2020)

Visibility

Fig.(9.1.8),lay-out,(skywaik.2020)

Comfort

Fig.(9.1.10),internal shot ,(skywaik.2020)

Conclusion: Autonomy Integrate between more than one function like commercial and residential, this integration give feeling of comfort for users of the building and give them their freedom that all their need in one place.

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDYIES

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

9.2 GOOGLE'S LONDON HEADQUARTERS Location: London, UK Area : 650,000sqft Architects: BJARKE ANGLES GROUP: BIG Project Year: 2015 Building Description : The Design For The New Google Campus At King's Cross Is Rooted In The Local Character Of The Area, Taking Advantage Of The Contextually Defined Building Envelope While Creating Continuously Cascading Work Environments That Will Connect Googlers Across Multiple Floors.

❑ FLEXIBLE OFFICE AREAS •

Put Strategically To Achieve All Users Desires. Presented To Daylight From Windows Overlooking The Greenery View

Fig.(9.14.2 )office space order(kingscross,2020)

❑ OUTDOOR AREA AND ACTIVTIES The Northern End Of The Building Overlooks Regents Canal And Granary Square, Where A Popular Kerb Food Market Pulls In Workers From Nearby Offices.

Fig.(9.14.4) front outdoor area(kingscross,2020)

Fig.(9.14.1 )Google Headquarter(kingscross,2020)

❑ WINDOW ANALYSIS •

The Building Has Several Floors Containing Floor-to-roof Windows.

Fig.(9.14.3 )Floor-ceiling Window Facade(kingscross,2020)

❑ HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION •

A Visible , Strong Pathway Is Seen in the middle of The Buildings Surrounded By Large Greenery To Confirm The Main Outdoor Circulation.

Fig.(9.14.5 )Pathway Green Components(kingscross,2020)

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

9.2 GOOGLE'S LONDON HEADQUARTERS ❑ RETAIL SHOPS

❑ BUILDING COMPONENTS •

•

The Building Component Parts : Roof Plane, Workspace Volume, And Ground Plane.

Fig.(9.14.7 )Retail Facades(kingscross,2020)

Fig.(9.14.6 ) Façade Zoning (Kingscross,2020)

❑ VERTICAL CIRCULATION

❑ GREEN ROOF •

A 300 Meter-long Roof Terrace Optimizing The Roof Size Into Building A Sustainable.

Fig.(9.14.8) Green Roof (Kingscross,2020)

❑

Down At Street Level, The Public Will Be Able To Access Shops And Cafes

•

The Roof Contains A "Trim Trail" For Runners And Walkers

Fig.(9.14.9)vertical Components (Kingscross,2020)

Project Zoning Staff Entertainment Offices Main Entrance Retail

Fig.(9.14.10 ) Sectional Zoning (Kingscross,2020)

Conclusion: Google headquarter became an identitable landmark between surroundings as the building environment provide mind comfort by its mood so it attract the employees and workers from the nearby offices

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

➢ Design issues: COMFORT

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION ON THE ROOF

INTEGRATION

FLEXIBLE OFFICE AREAS

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

VISIBILITY

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

REGIONAL CASE STUDYIES

Regional

CHAPTER XI Case Studies

9.3 Dogus Technology Center Architects: ERA Architects Location: ISTANBUL, TURKEY Area: 15000 m² Project Year: 2014 Building type: public/ business Building use: business park Fig(9.15.1) Dogus technology center elevation (archdaily website, 2014)

Building description : The Dogus Technology Center is an example of the buildings adjacent to the company Dogus Automotive. The building was designed for computer and electronics engineers (archdaily website, 2014)

❑ The building divided into different Zones like open offices, cafes, and terraces.(archdaily website, 2014)

Fig(9.15.2) Offices area (archdaily website, 2014)

❑ The terraces and the outdoor garden are integrated together . (archdaily website, 2014) ❑ The façade are curtain wall to make the indoor related with the outdoor (archdaily website, 2014) Fig(9.15.3) Exterior façade (archdaily website, 2014)

❑ First basement Floor

❑ Second basement Floor

Fig(9.15.4) First basement floor (archdaily website, 2014) Toilets

Toilets

Technical room

CHAPTER XI Case Studies

9.3 Dogus Technology Center

❑ First Floor

❑ Ground Floor

Fig(9.15.6) Ground floor plan (archdaily website, 2014) Offices

Entrance

Cafe

Toilets

Meeting room

Entrance info

Waiting hall

Technical room

❑ Second Floor

❑ Section

Fig(9.15.8) Second floor plan (archdaily website, 2014) Fig(9.15.9) Section (archdaily website, 2014) Offices

Terraces

Kitchen

Toilets

Restaurant

Technical room

CHAPTER XI Case Studies

9.3 Dogus Technology Center Conclusion: •

Building achieved comfort by designed open office area and meeting space such as cafe and buffet restaurant with indoor and outdoor terraces. Circulation also become achieved by the plan designed in rectangular shape that make the circulation and functions easy to access.

•

The architect applied continuity in transparency of the building to the urban context.

Fig(9.15.10) Open office area (archdaily website, 2014)

Fig(9.15.11) Restaurant floor plan (archdaily website, 2014)

➢ Design issues Circulation

Fig(9.15.12) Outdoor view of dogus technology center (archdaily website, 2014)

Comfort

Visibility

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

9.4 Conclusion of case studies

CHAPTER IX Case Studies

10 S

ustainability

CHAPTER X sustainability 2 main pillars leed green roofs

CHAPTER X Sustainability

10.1 SUSTAINABILITY 10.1.1 GENERAL DEFINITION •

Sustainability is a strategy that explains how natural systems work, their differences, and their production of everything needed to maintain the ecological balance. (NEEC,2020)

10.1.2 ARCHITECTURAL DEFINITION •

Fig.(10.1.1 )(GOOGLE,2020)

Sustainable architecture is architecture that try to reduce the negative environmental impact of buildings through moderation in the use of materials and energy.

10.2 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY 10.2.1 GENERAL DEFINITION • The ability of the social system to develop the process. (Ulla Carlsson,2019) Fig.(10.2.1 )(GOOGLE,2020)

10.2.2 ARCHITECTURAL DEFINITION •

It’s the design of appropriate spaces with the lifestyle of human for the maximum possible time.

10.2.3TYPES • Education. • Labor.

• Gender Equality. • Culture identity.

• Human Rights. • Children.

(G.G.AZEM,2018)

10.3 ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 10.3.1 GENERAL DEFINITION Stable self-regulation of nature and the environment, and the process of disposing of waste without damaging the ecosystems.

Fig.(10.3.1 )(GOOGLE,2020)

10.3.2 ARCHITECTURAL DEFINITION Environmentally sustainable buildings are suggesting to reduce the energy and water usage, and use of recycled materials.

10.3.3 WAYS TO ENHANCE ENVIROMENT SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE : Reduce Waste

Travel Green

Simple Living

Use Renewable

Save Energy

Conserve Water

10.4 ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY 10.4.1 GENERAL DEFINITION The ability of the economy to support the level of economic production

10.4.2 ARCHITECTURAL DEFINITION

Fig.(10.4.1 )(GOOGLE,2020)

It is a system that works to providing the needs of the people in the area which they live or work in.

10.4.3 TYPES • Cost of living. • Cost of saving.

• Productivity. • Development.

• Economic growth.

CHAPTER X Sustainability

10.5 Green Building 10.5.1 Definition The green building is a building that reduces the negative impacts in its design on the environment and preserves the surrounding environment

10.5.2 There are a number of features which can make a building ‘green’. These include: Fig.(10.5.1 )(GOOGLE,2020)

o o o o o o o o

Effective use of energy, water and other resources Using solar energy Reduce Emissions and waste, and use recycling Good indoor ventilation Use of materials that are not harmful to the environment Preserving the environment in design Taking into account the comfort of people in using the building Design that adapts with surrounding environment Fig.(10.5.2 )(pinterist,2020)

Conclusion: • Any building can be a green building, be it a home, office, school, hospital, community center, or any other type of structure, provided it includes the features mentioned above.

10.6 Green Building Case Study 10.6.1 Taichung City Cultural Center Competition Entry, Taiwan Project Designed by RMJM

Project Area: 63,700 m²

Project Year: 2013

This building seeks to achieve sustainability in its design by overlapping blocks to allow the sun to enter the building to obtain natural lighting and use renewable energy such as solar panels and natural ventilation to reduce harmful emissions to the environment.

Fig.(10.6.1) Taichung City Cultural Center Competition Entry(archdaily,2020)

Fig.(10.6.2) Natural lighting in building(archdaily,2020)

Fig.(10.6.3) Taichung City Cultural Center Competition Entry(archdaily,2020)

CHAPTER X Sustainability

10.7 Leed 10.7.1 Definition It is an international system to measure the efficiency of the building in preserving the environment without pollution by several criteria such as the use of renewable energy and the reduction of harmful emissions.

10.7.2 LEED Rating System

Fig.(10.7.1 )(pinterest,2020)

Fig.(10.7.2 )leed rating system(pinterest,2020)

10.7.3 Categories of LEED Credits 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Sustainable Sites. Water Efficiency. Energy & Atmosphere. Materials & Resources. Indoor Environmental Quality. Innovation In operations & Regional Priority.

Fig.(10.7.3.1 )categories of leed (pinterest,2020)

Fig.(10.7.3.2)sustainability strategies(pinterest,2020)

11 D

esign Requirements

CHAPTER XI the project components and their standards

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.1 Demographics Studies According to statistics, in 2019, the population is 752,872 people, with a population increase rate of 4.25%, according to the reports of the Central Statistics Authority.

Female

48.7%

Throughout the history of the city of Suez, women played a major role in the October War, and they had several contributions, such as medical participation and fighters, so women have an important role in this society.

Children

Children (0-14 years) at this age, children depend on adults to teach the basics of life and how to rely on themselves to meet their needs in life until they are able to coexist with life's affairs and have a profession through which they can rely on themselves

Middle age

30%

Middle-age (45-59 years) are looking for stability in their practical and social lives, so some of them have retired and opened their own business and some have devoted themselves to their life and enjoying it.

Male

50.3%

Men are an important element in society, as they bear responsibility from a young age, which makes them self-reliant, and with the presence of the Suez Canal, men helped establish companies and free businesses.

Youth

55%

Youth (15-44) are the strength of society and the main factor in the advancement of society, as they have many energies and talents that must be benefited from, such as university students who are preparing to face working life to provide everything that helps the economic progress of society

Elderly

Elderly people (60+ years old) are reaching the point that they want calm, comfort, and freedom from their jobs and responsibilities, and they pursue some of their favorite hobbies.

Conclusion: Company owners and employees are expected to be present throughout the year, except on official holidays and holidays. For visitors, there are expected to be more than a million people annually at a rate of 3000 people per day, which will help revive this area in Suez and benefit it.

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.2 Space Program

Proposed Services And Activities For Business Park

Administration

Clinics Zone

Entertainment Zone

Offices Zone

Services

Fig(11.2.1) By Author

❑ Administration Administration department is important department in any project Through this administration, businesses are organized and specializations are divided among workers to provide assistance to people who visit the building.

❑ Clinics Zone Clinic zone department includes many clinics from all medical majors to treat patients.

❑ Entertainment Zone Entertainment zone is important zone for people who visit any project to achieve comfort for them such as lounge area, cafe, and restaurant

❑ Offices Zone The office area for companies that have business and want to market this business

❑ Services For the success of any project, services must be provided inside the building to make it easier for people to use the building in a way that achieves comfort for them, such as providing an enough number of parking spaces.

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.2 Space Program

Main Zones

No. Spaces

Sub Zones

Quantity

Total Area

Description

This zone for planning, organizing, commanding, coordinates, and controlling the project.

• • • • • Administration • • • • •

Offices Manger Office Toilets Storage Server Room Security Meeting Room Archive Copy Room IT

• • • • • • • • • •

6 1 8 2 1 1 2 1 1 1

• • • • • • • • • •

30 30 50 20 20 15 50 15 15 15

• • • • • • • • • •

180 30 100 20 20 15 100 15 15 15

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Pharmacy Clinics Toilets Storage Reception Small Cafe Archive Copy Room IT Restaurants Cafe Shops Toilets Security Mpu Car showroom Beauty Center Gym Offices Area Toilets Storage Copy Room Offices Open area Reception IT Archive Single Offices Entrance Storage Security Basement Toilets

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 30 8 1 1 2 1 1 1 10 6 20 4 2 4 2 2 2 30 Zone 20 2 2 2

• • • • • • • • •

30 60 50 20 100 160 15 15 15

• • • • • • • • •

30 1800 100 20 100 100 15 15 15

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

100 30 25 100 15 400 200 100 200 210 25 20 15 800

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1000 800 500 400 30 800 400 200 400 1680 500 40 30 1600

• • • • • • • • •

2 8 30 20 2 2 2 1 2

• • • • • • • • •

100 15 15 50 7 20 20 25

• • • • • • • • •

200 30 450 1000 14 40 20 50

Clinics Zone

Entertainment Zone

Offices Zone

Services

• • • • • • • • •

This zone for serving Patients.

The zone can be shown into Restaurants, cafes, MPU, car showroom, and beauty center.

This zone for Companies offices.

This zone for car waiting area.

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.3 Standards And Design Guidelines

Administration

Clinics Zone

Entertainment Zone

Offices Zone

Services

Fig(11.3.1) By Author

11.3.1 Administration ➢ Meeting room

➢ Offices

Number Of People From 4 to 5 people From 5 to 7 people Meeting for 12 people

Area of room 11 m² 14 m² 25 m²

➢ Manger room

Fig(11.3.1.1) Meeting room (Neufert, Third edition)

Fig(11.3.1.2) Manger room (Neufert, Third edition)

Fig(11.3.1.3) Manger room (Neufert, Third edition)

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.3 Standards And Design Guidelines

Administration

Clinics Zone

Entertainment Zone

Offices Zone

Services

11.3.2 Clinics

Fig(11.3.2.2) Bed (Neufert, Third edition)

Fig(11.3.2.3) clinic room (Neufert, Third edition)

Fig(11.3.2.1) Wheelchair (Neufert, Third edition)

➢ Pharmacy

Fig(11.3.2.4) Pharmacy (Neufert, Third edition)

Fig(11.3.2.5) Pharmacy (Neufert, Third edition)

Fig(11.3.2.6) Pharmacy (Neufert, Third edition)

Fig(11.3.2.7) Pharmacy (Neufert, Third edition)

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.3 Standards And Design Guidelines

Clinics Zone

Administration

Entertainment Zone

Services

Offices Zone

11.3.3 Entertainment Zone

➢ Restaurants

Fig(11.3.3.1) Restaurant (Neufert, Third edition)

Walkway width

Dinning floor area

Area of room

UP to 100 m²

≥ 1.10 m

UP to 250 m²

≥ 1.30 m

UP to 500 m²

≥ 1.65 m

UP to 1000 m²

≥ 1.80 m

Over 100 m²

≥ 2.10 m

➢ MPU

Fig(11.3.3.2) MPU (Neufert, Third edition)

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.3 Standards And Design Guidelines

Administration

Clinics Zone

11.3.4 Offices Zone

Entertainment Zone

Offices Zone

Services

Open desk spaces

Fig(11.3.4.1) Open desk dimensions (Neufert, Third edition)

Fig(11.3.4.2) Open desk dimensions (Neufert, Third edition)

Closed Offices

Fig(11.3.4.3) closed offices dimensions (Neufert, Third edition)

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.4 Design Guidelines

Egypt, Suez Fig(11.4.26) site location (google earth, 2020)

1-The total area= 35000 m² Total built area= 14000 m² 2-Built area = 40% 3-landscape= 60% 4-parking

5-maximum height= 15m 6-setbacks=10 Fig(11.4.27) site location (google earth, 2020)

7-distance between buildings= 10m 8-Minimum width of corridors = 3m 9-service road with minimum width= 10m 10-the lighting and ventilation opening Must look directly on the outside, on an interior courtyard . 11- service opening, kitchens ,and bathrooms should look out directly or to vertical

Fig(11.4.28)

maneuvers 12-The area of the openings shall not be less than 10% of the area of the main kitchens ,bathrooms, toilets and stairs in the buildings.

CHAPTER XI Design Requirements

11.5 Conclusion

12 I

ndividual Work

CHAPTER XII each Author explaining his idea and concept of the project

Author 1 Ahmed Ehab 164476

Ahmed Ehab 12.1 Ahmed Ehab Aim: •

Gathering young entrepreneurs and companies to suez to begin developing in this governorate to be a start pint to spread allover the world.

Values: •

To achieve autonomy , stability , security , growth , integrity , and success.

Vision: •

To represent the business park, as one of the most distinctive businesses in the region for the various sectors in our communities at the local level.

Mission: •

To provide development and autonomous platform for local, regional and international entrepreneurs.

Project Target: • • •

Tourism Development To be international

Ahmed Ehab

➢Concept I :

Community Characteristics : Integration With Community

Fig.(12.1.1.1)(by Author,2020)

The Relation Between The Zones Have Objective An That They Are Integrated With The Community Every Zone Have Its Identity With The Surrounding According To Its Characteristics , And Social Life. To Serve The Community And To Be In Realization

➢Inspirations:

Fig.(12.1.1.2) (pinterest,2020)

Fig.(12.1.1.3) (pinterest,2020)

Fig.(12.1.1.4) (pinterest,2020)

Ahmed Ehab

➢Concept II :

Back To Commerce : Integration Of Identity

Since We Observe Containers Allover Suez Governorate Because Of The Existence Of 5 Ports And The Container Is The Symbol Of Commerce. So, Integrating This To Fact We Get A Conclusion Of Reusing The Commerce Symbol And Its Identity I Used Repetition Of Commerce Use .

➢Inspirations:

Fig.(12.1.2.1)(by Author,2020) c

Fig.(12.1.2.2) (Shipcontainer,2020)

Fig.(112.1.2.3) (pinterest,2020)

Ahmed Ehab

➢Concept III :

Distribution Of Masses :

Fig.(12.1.3.1)(by Author,2020)

Suez Governorate Is Characterized As A Coastal Governorate In Addition To The Passage Of Ships Through The Suez Canal. I Was Inspired By The Distribution Of Water In Random Form When The Bow Of The Ship Collided With It. This Is Present In The Concept That There Is A Main Space Distributing The Other Masses Of The Project , Such As The Water Distribution When The Bow Of The Ship Collides With Water.

➢Inspirations:

Fig.(12.1.3.2) (SWA,2020)

Ahmed Ehab

➢Technical Studies : o Roofing Passive Technology: • Detached cooling is a structure configuration approach • that think on warmth acquire control to improve the indoor warm solace with low energy utilization. • This methodology works either by impeding • heat from entering or by eliminating heat from the structure by utilizing (normal cooling). (John.H.Daniels,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.1) Roofing Passive Technology(John.H.Daniels,2020)

o City Light Street Lamp: • It is a half breed metropolitan light framework driven by human force and transforming it to power . The light associated with open air wellness offices as strolling ,at that point move the human capacity to the light framework. (John.H.Daniels,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.2) Lamp Fuel(John.H.Daniels,2020)

Fig.(12.1.4.3) City Light Street Lamp(John.H.Daniels,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.4)lamp Mechanism (John.H.Daniels,2020)

o Kinetic facade and shading device: • By impelling the exteriors and making them dynamic, they can more readily adjust to the conditions, accommodate improved solace of the inhabitants, and accomplish a more reasonable plan by diminishing the trade offs required for that balance. (John.H.Daniels,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.5) Kinetic Facade And Shading Device(John H. Daniels,2020)

Author 2 Ahmed Mahmoud 153659

9494

Ahmed Mahmoud 12.2 Ahmed Mahmoud Aim: •

Business parks have an important role in creating new job opportunities and also include more than one activity in one place.

Vision: •

Job growth, development of industrial zones, and raising their efficiency.

Mission: •

Providing what the labor market requires from offices and companies to develop investment and raise work efficiency.

Project Target: • o o o o

Local riddance : Providing job opportunities for the youth Industrial areas development Clarify the idea of the importance of investment in the city of Suez Increasing the economic level of the city of Suez

• Touristic : o Attracting tourists to visit Suez city o Encouraging tourists to invest in the city of Suez

95 1 95

Ahmed Mahmoud

➢ Concept I : Comfort ( Connection by bridge ) : Connect between buildings by bridge is used for passing on foot from a building to another easily without need to get outside the building to move to another building this bridge achieve comfort in circulation for building users.

Fig(12.2.1) Aachenmünchener Headquarters (pinterest, 2010)

Fig(12.2.2) Conceptual sketch (pinterest, 2010)

Fig(12.2.4) Plan (sketch by author, 2020)

Fig(12.16.3) Sketch of Kyoto Concert Hall (pinterest, 2010)

Fig(12.2.5) Plan (pinterest, 2020)

96 96

Ahmed Mahmoud

➢ Concept II : Freedom ( Geometric art in free lines )

Geometric art is a form of abstract art based on geometric forms like lines, angles, and other shapes. The inspiration from this concept is free lines which the façade of buildings takes a free form and that called freedom of design ( art has no limit ).

Fig(12.2.6) Geometric art (pinterest, 2010)

Fig(11.2.7) Conceptual sketch elevation (sketch by author, 2020)

Fig(12.2.8) Royal Ontario Museum facade (pinterest, 2010)

Fig(12.2.9) Plan (sketch by author, 2020)

Fig(12.2.10) Elevation (sketch by author, 2020)

9797

Ahmed Mahmoud

➢ Concept III : Integration ( Centrality ) : Dividing land into two parts by axis line this line role is pathway to connect buildings to each other and achieved centrality. Fig(12.2.11) Elevation (pinterest, 2020)

Fig(12.2.12) Concept (sketch by author, 2020)

Fig(12.2.13) Plan (pinterest, 2020)

Fig(12.2.14) University of Wisconsin Master Plan (pinterest, 2020)

9898

Ahmed Mahmoud

➢ Technical Studies : Shading

Fig(12.2.15) External shading device (pinterest, 2020)

External shading devices to reduce solar heat gain through glazing by up to 80%.

Fig(12.2.16) Kinetic shading device sketch (pinterest, 2017)

Fig(12.2.17) Kinetic shading device (pinterest, 2017)

Using kinetic shading device on façade to reduce solar heat 99

Ahmed Mahmoud

➢ Technical Studies : Façade :

Fig(12.2.19) Curtain wall details (pinterest, 2015) Fig(12.2.18) Curtain wall window (pinterest, 2015)

Using curtain wall with glass to achieve natural light.

Fig(12.2.20) Spider system (pinterest, 2014)

Using spider system in offices area to connect the vision of employees with the outside motion.

Fig(12.2.21) Spider system details (pinterest, 2014)

100

Author 3 Ghada Mohamed 155577

101

Ghada Mohamed

12.3 Ghada Mohamed

Aim: • Attracting business men and companies to Suez to spread their business in Suez because Suez is one of the biggest commercial area in Egypt. Values: • Integration, Gaining experience and information, cooperation, increasing the opportunity for innovation and creativity Vision: To be one of the most important pioneering business complex in Suez and the Middle East that provides all means of comfort to its users, which is characterized by its versatility. Mission: • To work on the development and growth of local and international companies • To attract tourists to the city • Raise the economy inside Suez Project • Target: Local riddance : o The local population of Suez include all members with different ages and different social standard

• Touristic : o The tourism index may be a marketing tool for the project, and the project for the project will help raise the economic level in Suez. • Workers 102

Ghada Mohamed ➢ Concept I : Different triangles - urban fabric The new urban fabric is compact Rectangle that are incorporated with the project and will represent natural lighting and masses ,circulation… ….

Roads Golf of Suez Site Main road

Fig(12.3.1)Suez map ,Urban fabric (google earth ,2020) ….

….

The patterns that can give different space and masses

The connection of line that create patterns.

Inspiration The connection of line that create in the centre plaza Also have good circulation between each building

Fig (12.3.2) segreen business park(Aircdaily,2020)

Fig (12.3.3) segreen business park(Aircdaily,2020)

103

Ghada Mohamed ➢ Concept II : ALL IN ONE (integration)

➢ It consists of three method that can achieve the integration between the building

▪

Major: all Companies specialize in the one field

▪

connections :shows the relations between each buildings and how they connect because they have some field but with different type.

Different zones

color, movement and imagination ,flexibility

Inspirations

Public access Fig (12.3.3)Middle School Complex (Microcities,2020)

3D Shows the main entrances

Orientation

Proximity and cohesion 104

Ghada Mohamed ➢ Concept III :THE POWER OF NATURE (freedom)

From moving of waves that create the Zigzag lines that gives masses with circle in the center it’s the plaza of project

Suez have one of important element that’s make the city growth economically because of Suez canal the sea that gives sense of freedom and free from all boundaries and rules

Inspiration

Its An organized project that facilitates movement within the spaces of moving from one branch to another smoothly and has good circulation between each building

Fig (12.3.4)Asian Games stadium (archdailys,2020)

105

Ghada Mohamed ➢ Technical Studies :

Concept I

Pavegen tiles

Fig (12.3.4)pavegen tiles (impakters,2020)

The idea harnesses the kinetic force of the steps and turns it into a renewable force. With the help of using hopping, jumping, or jumping on Pavegen Floor Tiles, customers create clean, off-grid power that is used to power two applications - from lighting to gaining interactive knowledge of presentations and charging points. When people walk over Pavegen tiles, footstep pressure generates renewable energy due to pressure that produces kinetic energy Concept II it consists of triangular shapes covered with glass fibbers, all the triangles are programmed to respond to the movement of the sun, whose function is to reduce the gain of solar energy, located about two meters on the outside of the building in the form of an independent frame, the screen function is works as a curtain wall Fig (12.35)kinetic shading devices (pinterest ,2020)

Kinetic shading devices

106

Ghada Mohamed

Concept III Solar shading

Fig (12.3.6)solar shading (pinterest ,2020)

•Solar shading: using the solar shading allows using more glazing in elevation : •to ensure the visual access to surrounding . •Allow the access of natural day lighting beside blocking the sunlight Solar shading is a type of solar regulation that can be used to maximize the quantity of solar heat and visible light that a building receives. This can have a huge effect on a building's energy usage, as well as on the occupants' thermal and visual comfort, shielding them on hot or sunny days again st overheating and glare. Also, it can provide anonymity.

Fig (12.3.7)solar tree (google,2020)

Fig (12.3.8)solar tree (google,2020)

•Solar tree It is a piece of landscaping , the function of piece it can be decorative and shading element.

107

Ghada Mohamed

Solar trees, an electricity generator with a natural look Inexhaustible and sustainable, solar energy is harnessed using panels and mirrors because it comes from the Sun. Many of us are familiar with clean, symmetrical designs of solar panel installations on building roofs, but some innovators are searching for innovative ways to harness alternative energy beyond the traditional methods that you most likely have heard of. Solar trees are a very creative way of using solar electricity. Green roofs

Fig (12.3.9)example of green roof(istope,2020)

Fig (12.3.8) compounds of green roof(reasrchgate,2020)

Fig (12.3.10)example of green roof(rach2o,2020)

Proficient Building Operation Green rooftops contribute to bringing down working costs in three ways: Functioning as an additional thick layer of cover, which at that point brings down the building’s warming and cooling requirements Absorbing storm water and minimizing the urban warm island effect “Green rooftops by and large advantage the life expectancy of the material materials underneath as well. By covering a roof with a green roof, you’re ensuring it, The film isn't uncovered to sun, UV beams, hailstorms or other weakening. You’re fundamentally putting another layer and soil over it, so it truly does expand the life of most rooftops as long as everything is introduced accurately.

108

Author 4 Nourhan Mohamed 165031

“Autonomy leads to empowerment. We work hard to maintain a balance between collaboration and cooperation and independence.” (Bobby Kotick)

109 109

Nourhan Mohamed 12.4 Nourhan Mohamed • Aim: o To be a financial center to attract projects to the Suez city, Leading to an improvement in the standard of living. o Promote investment opportunities for Suez city.

Vision: o To turn into a financial center for the Suez city. o Being one of the landmarks of Suez city.

Mission: o Increasing the income. o Attracting companies. o Established positive values and commercial developments in the Suez city.

Objective: o Established a great business climate that gives generous business opportunity , work, and a amusement in a practical and appealing climate. o Making integration between different types of people. o Flexibility and multi-use areas.

Expected results and benefits: o Attract the businessmen and companies. o Solving the Employment problems.

Fig.(12.4.1), business park sketch ,(Google,2020)

110

Nourhan Mohamed

➢ Concept I : Achieving Ease : •

: Color represent a type of art and effect of the human comfort so each color in the space use depend on the activity in it to effect positive on the human.

•

This rainbow is caused by light being refracted when entering a droplet of water, then reflected inside on the back of the droplet and refracted again when leaving it. Resulting seven colors.

Fig.(12.4.3), Comfort ,(Google,2020)

Fig.(12.4.4), deconstruction ,(Google,2020)

Fig.(12.4.5), concept sketch ,(auther,2020)

111

Nourhan Mohamed

➢ Concept II : Federation : •

Divided the box into two parts then make add and subtract into this cube to make a beautiful shape for the building then making integration of these two parts to make it like one buildings.

Fig.(12.4.6), Inspiration ,(Google,2020)

Fig.(12.4.7), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) 112

Nourhan Mohamed

➢ Concept III : Flexibility In Vacuum •

Using the boundaries and the views of the site to make integration between the city and the project. Plus the use of green roofs and curtain walls.

Fig.(12.4.8), Inspiration

Fig.(12.4.9), concept sketch ,(auther,2020)

113

Nourhan Mohamed

➢ Technical Studies : o Green Roof • • •

Reduces temperature. Extends life of roof. Fire resistant layer. Fig(14.4.11) Green Roof

Fig(14.4.10) Compere between Green Roof & Traditional Roof

o Triple-Glazed Windows • • • •

Energy-efficient. Utmost Comfortable. Improved Security. Significant Acoustic Reducer. Fig(14.4.12) Triple-Glazed Windows

Fig(14.4.13) Triple-Glazed Windows section

o Solar Tiles • •

The Visual Magnificence of Photo voltaic Tiles. The Costly Photo voltaic Tile. Fig(14.4.14) Solar Tiles

Fig(14.4.15) Solar Tiles

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Shrouq Sameh 12.5 Shrouq Sameh FORM NOT FLOW IT’S FUCTION, FORM FLOW IT’S FICTION Aim: • •

Increasing business traffic in Suez City by establishing a Business Park to attract investors and businessmen Increasing a domestic tourism and foreign tourism

Vision: • • •

making the business park landmark in Suez city attract the investors to invest at Suez city achieve the sustainability in Suez city

Mission: • • •

creating a mixed use building that integrate between commercial function and administrative function in Suez city Increasing the income of the city of Suez and providing job opportunities to reduce the unemployment rate attract the tourism to Suez city

Objective: • create a comfort work environment for employees in business park as well for all users of buildings • run the wheel of economy in Suez city • enhance the touristic level in Suez city

Project Target: • • •

Investors Workers Tourism

Expected results and benefits: jumping by Suez city to high level by it is branding and attract the investors and convent them to invest in Suez city also attract the Tourists to Suez city

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➢ Concept I : Geometrization conjecture:

Fig.(12.5.1.1), concept sketch ,(auther,2020)

Fig.(12.5.1.3), concept sketch ,(paitrest,2016)

Fig.(12.5.1.2), concept sketch ,(auther,2020)

Fig.(12.5.1.4), concept sketch ,(paitrest,2016)

Creating a communal environment in witch sharing things was as great as it is on thing. A system where we place essentially shared space stocks on more and more individuals and private spaces until we open up the spectrum between individuals and the group. proposed topple of the towers throw the vertical into horizontal and stick them together to create a huge outdoor courtyard, and central community space programmed with a variety of facilities and functions.

•

Inspiration:

Fig.(12.5.1.5), vertical village,(archdaliy,2018)

Fig.(12.5.1.6), vertical village,(paitrest,2016)

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➢ Concept II : Harmony:

Fig.(12.5.2.1), concept sketch ,(auther,2020)

Fig.(12.5.2.2), concept sketch ,(auther,2020)

Fig.(12.5.2.3), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Human nature, man prefers to integrate different things, this makes them feel more freedom. And the creation of a giant space and this space was about a collective experience to experience cooperation, interdependence, communication and interaction as a center of space that in itself would make them feel a sense of freedom and unity at the same time a separation between formal space and formal space, but at the same time their existence and merging them together in one building.

•

Inspiration:

Fig.(12.5.2.4), inspiration,(paitrest,2019)

Fig.(12.5.2.5), courtyard,(paitrest,2019)

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➢ Concept III : Embodying Of Nature:

Fig.(12.5.3.1), concept sketch ,(google,2020)

Fig.(12.5.3.2), concept sketch ,(auther,2020)

Fig.(12.5.3.3), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Most things in nature do not exist in a straight line, and the clearest example is sea waves. Inspired by the flow of sea waves which located in the city of Suez, can apply the concept of freedom and integration with nature by creating building mass that is flow as sea waves. when freeline applied in layout and elevation to give a feeling of freedom .

•

Inspiration:

Fig.(12.5.3.4), inspiration,(google,2008)

Fig.(12.5.3.5),inspiration,(google,2008)

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➢ Technical Studies : 12.5.4.1Green Roof • Reduces the ambient temperature. • Offers healing environment Creates fireresistant layer

Fig.(12.5.4.1.1), layer of green roof ,(google,2020) Fig.(12.5.4.1.2),green roof ,(google,2020)

12.5.4.2Natural lighting •

Is a technique that efficiently brings natural light into the building using exterior glazing (windows, skylights, etc.)

Fig.(12.5.4.2.1),lighting during the day,(google,2020)

Fig.(12.5.4.2.2),lighting during,(google,2020)

12.5.4.3Shading device •

Reduces temperature. • Increase air flow • Natural Lighting

Fig.(12.5.4.3.1),shading effect,(auther,2020)

Fig.(12.5.4.3.2),lighting distribution,(google,2020)

12.5.4.4Green Terrace • • •

Provides a rainwater buffer Reduces the ambient temperature Creates fire-resistant layer

Fig.(12.5.4.4.1), green terrace ,(google,2020)

Fig.(12.5.4.4.2), green terrace ,(google,2020)

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CHAPTER XIII

This chapter illustrates the references and the APA citation that are used in the book.

CHAPTER VX Bibliography

13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCATION ABOUT AUTONOMY • • • • • • • • • • • •

(Fig.1.1.1),definition of autonym,(Cameron McEwan,2013) (Fig.1.1.2), Three of Ledoux Houses ,(Emil Kauffman, 1960) (Fig.1.3.1),time line of autonomy, (by authers.2020) Fig.(1.4.1), Lebbeus Woods(paintrest,2010) Fig.(1.4.2), Alison Assiter(paintrest,2010) Fig.(1.4.1), David Riesman(paintrest,2009) Fig.(1.5.1), Garden of Cosmic Speculation (archdaliy,2009) Fig.(1.5.2), Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture (citynes,2012) Fig.(1.5.3), teatro del mondo (arch objects ,2016) Fig.(1.5.4), London Aquatics Centre (building ,2013) Fig.(1.5.5), Villa Savoy (modem architecture 2016) Fig.(1.6.1),autonomy(by author. 2020)

CHAPTER II : INTRODUCTION ABOUT SUEZ • • • • • • •

Fig(2.1.1) overview map shows the location of the 5 ports (google earth, 2020) Fig(2.2.1) Egypt map (google map, 2017) Fig(2.2.2) East Delta map (google map, 2017) Fig(2.2.3) Suez map (google map,2017) Fig(2.3.1) Ismailia Desert Road (google map, 2017) Fig(2.3.2) Ain El Sokhna Road (google map,2017) Fig(2.3.3) Suez Desert Road (google map, 2017)

CHAPTER III: HISTORICAL BACK GROUND • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig.(3.1.1 )Pharaonic Era(pintrest,2015) Fig.(3.1.2) Caliphate Era(pintrest,2019) Fig.(3.1.3)abbasid Era(ancient,2016) Fig.(3.1.4 )Mamluk Era(pintrest,2015) Fig.(3.1.5 )Ottoman Era(pintrest,2019) Fig.(3.1.6 )Muhammad Ali Era(pintrest,2019) Fig.(3.1.7) French Campaign Era(anciant,2010) Fig.(3.1.8 ) The English Occupation (Google,2020) Fig.(3.1.9 ) The Suez City(abjadex,2013) Fig.(3.3.1 )Suez Urban Expansion(earth,1985) Fig.(3.3.2 )Suez Urban Expansion(earth,2002) Fig.(3.3.3 )Suez Urban Expansion(earth,2020)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER IV: URBAN ANALYSIS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(4.1.1),land-use, Suez City, (Suez Apparatus,2020) Fig(4.2.1(, Building Heights, Suez City,(suez Apparatus,2020) Fig(4.3.1) , Building Conditions, Suez City, (Suez Apparatus,2020) Fig(4.4.1),road Hierarchy , Suez City , (Suez Apparatus,2020) Fig(4.5.1), Landmarks , Suez City, (Google Earth,2020) Fig(4.5.1.1),( Google,2020) Fig.(4.5.1.2), (Google,2020) Fig.(4.5.1.3), (Google,2020) Fig(4.5.1.4),( Google,2020) Fig(4.5.1.5), (Google,2020) Fig(4.5.1.6), (Google,2020) Fig(4.5.2),landmarks, Sokhna City , (Google Earth,2020) Fig(4.5.2.1), (Google,2020) Fig(4.5.2.2), (Google,2020) Fig(4.5.2.3), (Google,2020) Fig(4.5.2.4), (Google,2020) Fig(4.5.2.5),( Google,2020) Fig(4.5.2.6), (Google,2020) Fig(4.6.1),transportation, (Google Earth,2020) Fig(4.7.1), Economy , (Google,2020) Fig(4.8.1), Social , (Google,2020) Fig(4.9.1),humidity, Suez City, (Climate Consultant,2020) Fig(4.9.2),temperature, Suez City, (Climate Consultant,2020) Fig(4.9.3),wind, Suez City, Climate Consultant,2020 Fig(4.9.4),wind, Suez City, (Climate Consultant,2020) Fig(4.9.5),sun, Suez City, Climate Consultant,2020 Fig(4.9.6),sun, Suez City, (Climate Consultant,2020) Fig(4.9.7),(google,2020)

CHAPTER V: PROJECT SELECTION • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(5.1.1)business park (google,2019) Fig(5.1.2)office building(Pinterest ,2017) Fig(5.1.3)building office(pinterest,2017) Fig(5.1.4)Galleria 40(google,2019) Fig(5.1.5)Galleria 40 (google,2017) Fig(5.3.1) business park (google,2020) Fig(5.3.2)simple access of business park(google,2020) Fig(5.4.1) business park(google,2020) Fig(5.6.1)By author. Autonomy in business Fig(5.6.2)By author. Autonomy in business

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER VI :SITE SELECTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

(Fig.6.1.2.1),freedom in architecture, (paintrest,2013) (Fig.6.1.2.2),integration in architecture, (paintrest,2017) (Fig.6.1.2.3),fixability in architecture, (paintrest,2017) Fig(6.2.1),Suez governorate,(Google earth,2020) Fig(6.2.2),Suez city,(Google earth,2020) Fig(6.2.3),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020) Fig(6.2.4),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020) Fig(6.3.1),Suez city,(Google earth,2020) Fig(6.3.2),Suez canal,(Google,2020) Fig(6.3.3),Suez factory,(Google,2020) Fig(6.3.4),Suez building regulation ,(Google,2020) Fig(6.4.1),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020) Fig(6.4.2),res sea,(Google,2020) Fig(6.4.3),surrounding,(Google,2020) Fig(6.4.4),Gala univesiry,(Google,2020) Fig(6.5.1),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020) Fig(6.5.2),stella de Mary,(Google2020,) Fig(6.5.3),surrounding,(Google,2020) Fig(6.5.4),factories,(Google,2020) Fig(6.5.1),Sokhna,(Google earth,2020) Fig(6.5.2),stella de Mary,(Google,2020) Fig(6.5.3),surrounding,(Google,2020) Fig(6.5.4),factories,(Google,2020) Fig(6.7.1),Suez city,(Google earth,2020) CHAPTER VII :SITE ANALYSIS

• Fig(7.1.1),Suez City, (Google earth,2020) • Fig(7.1.2),Suez city, (Google earth,2020) • Fig(7.2.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020) • Fig(7.2.2),Building Heights, Suez (Google earth ,2020) • Fig(7.3.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020) • Fig(7.3.2),Building conditions, Suez (Google earth ,2020) • Fig(7.3.3),Building condition, Suez (Google earth ,2020) • Fig(7.4.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020) • Fig(7.4.2),solid & void, Suez (Google earth ,2020) • Fig(7.4.3),solid & void, Suez (Google earth ,2020)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER VII :SITE ANALYSIS • Fig(7.5.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020) • Fig(7.5.2),Road hierarchy, Suez (Google earth ,2020) • Fig(7.5.3), Road hierarchy, Suez (Google earth ,2020) • Fig(7.6.1),Suez city, (Google earth,2020) • Fig(7.6.2), (Google,2020) • Fig(7.6.3), (Google,2020) • Fig(7.6.4), (Google,2020) • Fig(7.6.5), (Google,2020) • Fig.(7.6.6), (Google,2020) • Fig.(7.6.7), (Google,2020) CHAPTER VIII :DESIGN ISSUES • Fig(8.1.1)Economy(google,2019) • Fig(8.1.2) Ratio the economy in architecture(google,2019) • Fig(8.1.3)Economic Architecture(google,2019) • Fig(8.1.4) effect of economy on business park(Pinterest ,2017) • Fig(8.1.5)apply autonomy in the economy (google,2019) • Fig(8.1.6) independent and self-contained business park (google,2017) • Fig(8.2.1) comfort room(Pinterest ,2019) • Fig(8.2.2)diagram of thermal comfort (google,2019) • Fig(8.3.1)circulation(google,2019) • Fig(8.3.2) circulation in architecture(auther,2010) • Fig(8.3.3) example of horizontal circulation(google,2019) • Fig(8.3.4)example of vertical circulation(google,2019) • Fig(8.3.5)example of horizontal circulation (google,2019) • Fig(8.3.6)example of horizontal circulation (google,2019 • Fig(8.3.7)example of vertical circulation(google,2019)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER VIII :DESIGN ISSUES

• Fig(8.3.8)example of vertical circulation (google,2019) • Fig(8.3.9)example of vertical circulation (pinterest,2019) • Fig(8.3.10)example of public circulation(pinterset,2017) • Fig(8.3.11)example of private circulation(pinterset,2017) • Fig(8.3.12)example of public circulation )google,2017 • Fig(8.3.13)example of private circulation(pinterset,2017) • Fig(8.4.1)integration between people (pinterset,2020) • Fig(8.4.2)interaction between people in space(google,2020) • Fig(8.4.3)interaction between users and others(Pinterest,2020) • Fig(8.4.4)interaction between surrounding and background • Fig(8.4.5)interaction between user and building(pintereset,2020) • Fig(8.4.6) Gallery of BUG, showing different interaction of people with each other and people with building • Fig(8.5.1) , Adopolity,(Geoff,2007) • Fig(8.5.3) , Transformability ,(Schroeder,2007) • Fig(8.5.2) , Transformability,(Schroeder,2007) • Fig(8.5.4) , Transformability ,(Schroeder,2007) • Fig(8.5.5)flexibility in lightness ,transience(pinterset,2019) • Fig(8.5.6) flexible multi-functionality(google,2020) • Fig(8.5.7)flexible polyvalence (google,2020) • Fig(8.5.8)flexible (Google,2020) • Fig(8.5.9)flexible (Legrand ,2018) • Fig(8.5.10)flexible (Legrand ,2018) • Fig(8.5.11)flexible (Legrand ,2018) • Fig(8.6.1)regulations of building(pinterset,2018) • Fig(8.7.1)security(flaticon,2020

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER VIII :DESIGN ISSUES • Fig(8.7.2)integration one security in building(google,2020) • Fig.8.7.3)integration one security in building(2020) • Fig(8.8.1)fintech control pvt, safety in building(2015) • Fig(8.8.2)safety signs (Ron Café& Harrington))

• Fig(8.8.3) physical, slippery floor(google,2020) • Fig (8.8.4)chemical ,carcinogens(google,2020) • Fig(8.8.5)physical ,Noise (google,2020) • Fig(8.8.6) sample of fire escape(google,2020) • Fig(8.8.7) sample of fire escape(google,2020) • Fig(8.8.7) safety sign(google,2020) • Fig(8.8.8)evacuation plan(google,2020) • Fig(8.9.1)Accessibility (pinteeset,2020) • fig(8.9.6)signs of palace (google,2020) • Fig(8.9.5)example of car parking problem(pinterset,2020) • Fig(8.9.6) elevators(google,2020) • Fig(8.9.7) low-slope ramps(google,2020) • Fig(8.9.8)power-assisted doors (google,2020) • Fig(8.9.9)(google,2020) • Fig(8.10.1)Material(google,2020) • Fig(8.10.2)color(google,2020) • Fig(8.10.3)materials (pinterest,2020) • Fig(8.10.4)height ceiling(google,2020) • Fig(8.10.5)factor of effecting of mood in building (google,2020) • Fig(8.10.6) Building view (google,2020) • Fig(8.10.7)effecting of mood in building, lighting(google,2020) • Fig(8.11.1)environmental effect (pinterest,2020) • Fig(8.11.2)environmental effect (pinterest,2020) • Fig(8.11.3),environmental impact design,(google,2020)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER IX :CASE STUDIES Local Case Studies • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig.(9.1.1),interior Shot,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.2),lay-out,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.3),zoning,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.4),circulation ,(Auther.2020) Fig.(9.1.5),elevation,(skywaik.2020 Fig.(9.1.6),elevation,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.7),elevation,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.8),shading Device,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.9),lay-out,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.9),lay-out,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.1.10),internal shot ,(skywaik.2020) Fig.(9.2.1),villas Elevation ,(Cooing,2017) Fig.(9.2.2),villas,(cooing,2017) Fig.(9.2.3),zoning,(by Auther,2017) Fig.(9.2.4),circulation ,(By Auther,2017) Fig.(9.2.5),unit Elevation ,(Property Founder ,2019) Fig.(9.2.6),internal Shot ,(By Auther,2017) Fig.(9.2.7),unit Internal Shot ,(Cooing,2017) Fig.(9.2.8),fixability,(property founder ,2019) Fig.(9.2.9),visibility,(cooing,2017) Fig.(9.2.10),circulation ,(cooing,2017) Fig.(9.2.11),integration ,(by author ,2020) Fig.(9.2.12),comfort ,(by author ,2020) Fig.(9.3.1) Capital Business Park (Archdaliy,2018) Fig.(9.3.2) Capital Business Park Lay-out (Archdaliy,2018) Fig.(9.3.3) Capital Business Park Zoning (By Authers,2020) Fig.(9.3.4) Capital Business Park Circulation (By Authers,2020) Fig.(9.3.5) Capital Business Park West Elevation (By Authers,2020) Fig.(9.3.6) Capital Business Park South Elevation (By Authers,2020) Fig.(9.3.7) Capital Business Park Offices (Archdaliy,2018) Fig.(9.3.8) Capital Business Park Court (Archdaliy,2018) Fig.(9.3.9) Visibility (Doraa,2018) Fig.(9.3.10) Capital Business Fixability (Doraa,2019) Fig.(9.3.11) circulation (doraa,2019) Fig(9.4.1),(Google,2020) A layout for the building Fig(9.4.2),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.4.3),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.4.4),(Archdaily,2020)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER IX :CASE STUDIES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(9.4.5),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.4.6),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.4.7),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.4.8),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.4.9),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.4.10),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.4.11),(Archdaily,2020) Fig(9.5.1),(sitesint,2020) Fig(9.5.2),(sitesint,2020) Fig(9.5.3),(sitesint,2020) Fig(9.5.4),(sitesint,2020) Fig(9.5.5),(sitesint,2020 Fig.(9.6.1 )(Pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.6.2 )(Pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.6.3)(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.6.4 )(Pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.7.1),lay-out,(archdaliy,2015) Fig.(9.7.2),library,(archdaliy,2015) Fig.(9.7.3), Zoning,(archdaliy,2015) Fig.(9.7.4), Circulation ,(Archdaliy,2015) Fig.(9.7.5.Main Elevation,(archdaliy,2015) Fig.(9.7.6).Main Elevation,(archdaliy,2015) Fig(.9.7.7).West Elevation,(archdaliy,2015) Fig.(9.7.8).East Elevation,(archdaliy,2015) Fig(9.7.9).visibility ,(archdaliy,2015) Fig(9.7.10).flexibility ,(archdaliy,2015) Fig(9.7.11).identity ,(by auther,2020) Fig(9.7.12).Comfort,(by auther,2020)

International Case Studies • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(9.8.1) ANZ Raranga Elevation (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.2) Parking Of ANZ Raranga (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.3) Entrance Of ANZ Raranga (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.4) Offices Area (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.5) Awning Windows (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.6) Offices Area (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.7) Project Location (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.8) Ground Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.9) Mezzanine Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.10) First Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2018) Fig(9.8.11) Roof Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2018)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER IX :CASE STUDIES International Case Studies • Fig(9.8.12) East-west Section (Archdaily Website, 2018) • Fig(9.8.13) North-south Section (Archdaily Website, 2018) • Fig(9.9.1) segreen business park (Archdaily ,2013) • Fig(9.9.2) segreen business park(Archdaily,2013) • Fig(9.9.3)zones(Archdaily,2019) • Fig(9.9.4)plan (Archdaily,2019) • Fig(9.9.5)section(Archdaily,2019) • Fig(9.9.6)building interior (Airchdaily,2013) • Fig(9.9.8)circulations(Archdaily,2013) • Fig(9.9.10)(google,2020) • Fig(9.10.1) osotspa office building(archello,2018) • Fig(9.10.2) osotspa office building(archello,2018) • Fig(9.10.3) (archello,2018) • Fig(9.10.4) (archello,2018 • Fig(9.10.5)elevation- A(archello,2018 • Fig(9.10.6) Elevation -B(archello,2018 • Fig(9.10.7)the west reduce solar heat (archello,2018) • Fig(9.10.8)section-A(archello,2018) • Fig(9.10.9)circulations (archello,2018 • Fig(9.10.10)The building integrated with surrounding(google,2020) • Fig(9.11.1) freedom park museum (Arhdaily,2011) • Fig(9.11.2)(Archdaily,2011) • Fig(9.11.3)shape of park (Archdaily,2011) • Fig(9.11.4)interior (Archdaily,2011) • Fig(9.11.5)site plan(Arhdaily,2018) • Fig(9.11.6)plan(Archdaily,2018) • Fig(9.11.7)plan(Archdaily,2018) • Fig(9.11.8)(Archdaily,2018) • Fig(9.11.9)(Archdaily,2018) • Fig(9.11.10)section-(F)(E)(Archdaily,2018) • Fig(9.11.11)section(C)(G)(F)(Archdaily,2018) • Fig(9.11.13) (google,2018) • Fig.(9.12.1(Walt Disney Concert Hall(Archdaily,2018) • Fig(9.12.2)(Archdaily,2003) • Fig(9.12.3)(Archdaily,2003) • Fig(11.12.4)(Archdaily,2003) • Fig(11.12.5)(Archdaily,2003) • Fig(11.12.6) (Archdaily,2003) • Fig(11.12.7) (Archdaily,2003) • Fig(11.12.8)Walt Disney (Archdaily,2003)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER IX :CASE STUDIES International Case Studies • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(9.13.1) Library,learning University (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.2) Library,learning University (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.3) Internal Circulation (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.4) Mezzanine Floor (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.5) Longitudinal Section (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.6) Cross Section (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.7) Elevation West (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.8) Ground Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.9) First Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.10) Second Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.11) Third Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.12) Fourth Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.13) Fifth Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig(9.13.14) Analysis Of Library,learning University Project (Archdaily Website, 2013) Fig.(9.14.1 )Google Headquarter(kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.2 )office space order(kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.3 )Floor-ceiling Window Facade(kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.4) front outdoor area(kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.5 )Pathway Green Components(kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.6 ) Façade Zoning (Kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.7 )Retail Facades(kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.8) Green Roof (Kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.9) Green Roof Circulation (Kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.10)vertical Components On Green Roof (Kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.11 ) Urban Context(kingscross,2020) Fig.(9.14.12 ) Sectional Zoning (Kingscross,2020)

Regional Case Studies • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(9.15.1) Dogus Technology Center Elevation (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.2) Offices Area (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.3) Exterior Façade (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.4) First Basement Floor (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.5) Second Basement Floor (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.6) Ground Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.7) First Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.8) Second Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.9) Section (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.10) Open Office Area On (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.11) Restaurant Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2014) Fig(9.15.12) Outdoor View Of Dogus Technology Center (Archdaily Website, 2014)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER IX :CASE STUDIES Regional Case Studies • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(9.16.1) Odunpazari Modern Art Museum (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.2) Odunpazari Modern Art Museum (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.3) Central Atrium (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.4) Art Hall (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.5) Central Atrium (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.6) Central Atrium (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.7) Ground Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.8) First Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.9) Second Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.10) Third Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.11) Roof Floor Plan (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.12) Section (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.13) Mass Function Analyzing (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.14) North Elevation (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.15) West Elevation (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.16) Section (Archdaily Website, 2019) Fig(9.16.17) Outdoor finishing material of odunpazari (archdaily website, 2019) Fig.(9.17.1 ) Kohinoor square(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.2 ) plan zoning analysis(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.3 ) sectional zoning analysis(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.4 ) Kohinoor square area distribution(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.5) Kohinoor square central core(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.6 ) Kohinoor square offices distribution(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.7) Sectional Zoning Showing The Residential Zone(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.8) Kohinoor square flats design(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.9) Kohinoor square green area(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.17.10) sustainability(pinterest,2020) Fig.(9.18.1)hasten 21(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.2) Accessibility(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.3) Façade Analysis(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.4)green roof(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.5)zoning analysis(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.6)circulation components(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.7)site area (worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.8)ground floor plan(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.9)office plan(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.10)section(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.11)north elevation(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.12) south elevation(worldarchitecture,2016) Fig.(9.18.13) west elevation(worldarchitecture,2016)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER X : SUSTAINABILITY • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig.(10.1.1 )(GOOGLE,2020) Fig.(10.2.1 )(GOOGLE,2020) Fig.(10.3.1 )(GOOGLE,2020) Fig.(10.4.1 )(GOOGLE,2020) Fig.(10.5.1 )(GOOGLE,2020) Fig.(10.5.2 )(pinterist,2020) Fig.(10.6.1) Taichung City Cultural Center Competition Entry(archdaily,2020) Fig.(10.6.2) Taichung City Cultural Center Competition Entry(archdaily,2020) Fig.(10.6.3) Taichung City Cultural Center Competition Entry(archdaily,2020) Fig.(10.7.1 )(pinterest,2020) Fig.(10.7.2 )leed rating system(pinterest,2020) Fig.(10.7.3.1 )categories of leed (pinterest,2020) Fig.(10.7.3.2)sustainability strategies(pinterest,2020)

CHAPTER XI : DESIGN REQUIREMENTS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(11.2.1) By Author Fig(11.3.1) By Author Fig(11.3.2) Manger Room (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.3) Manger Room (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.4) Meeting Room (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.5) Toilets (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.6) Meeting Room (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.7) Meeting Room (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.8) Wheelchair (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.9) Bed (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.10) Wheelchair (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.11) Clinic Room (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.12) Clinic Room (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.13) Restaurant (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.14) Restaurant (By Authot, 2020) Fig(11.3.15) Beauty Center (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.16) Gym (Neufert, Third Edition)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER XI : DESIGN REQUIREMENTS • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(11.3.17) Car Proportions (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.18) Car Proportions (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.19) Car Proportions (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.20) Space Arrangement (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.21) Open Desk Dimensions (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.22) Open Desk Dimensions (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.23) Closed Offices Dimensions (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.24) Closed Offices Dimensions (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.25) Car Parking (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.26) Types Of Parking (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.27) Layout Of Parking (Neufert, Third Edition) Fig(11.3.28) Site Location (Google Earth, 2020) Fig(11.3.29) Site LocationGoogle Earth, 2020)

CHAPTER XII : INDIVIDUAL WORK • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig.(12.1.1.1)(by Author,2020) Fig.(12.1.1.2) (pinterest,2020) Fig.(12.1.1.3) (pinterest,2020) Fig.(12.1.1.4) (pinterest,2020) Fig.(12.1.2.1)(by Author,2020) Fig.(12.1.2.2) (Shipcontainer,2020) Fig.(112.1.2.3) (pinterest,2020) Fig.(12.1.3.1)(by Author,2020) Fig.(12.1.3.2) (SWA,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.1) Roofing Passive Technology(John.H.Daniels,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.2) Lamp Fuel(John.H.Daniels,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.3) City Light Street Lamp(John.H.Daniels,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.4)lamp Mechanism (John.H.Daniels,2020) Fig.(12.1.4.5) Kinetic Facade And Shading Device(John H. Daniels,2020) Fig(12.2.1) Aachenmünchener Headquarters (pinterest, 2010) Fig(12.2.2) Conceptual sketch (pinterest, 2010) Fig(12.16.3) Sketch of Kyoto Concert Hall (pinterest, 2010) Fig(12.2.4) Plan (sketch by author, 2020) Fig(12.2.5) Plan (pinterest, 2020) Fig(12.2.6) Geometric art (pinterest, 2010) Fig(11.2.7) Conceptual sketch elevation (pinterest, 2020) Fig(12.2.8) Royal Ontario Museum façade (pinterest, 2010)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER XII : INDIVIDUAL WORK • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(12.2.9) Plan (sketch by author, 2020) Fig(12.2.10) Elevation (pinterest, 2020) Fig(12.2.11) Elevation (pinterest, 2020) Fig(12.2.12) Concept (pinterest, 2020) Fig(12.2.13) Plan (pinterest, 2020) Fig(12.2.14) University of Wisconsin Master Plan (pinterest, 2020) Fig(12.2.15) External shading device (pinterest, 2020) Fig(12.2.16) Kinetic shading device sketch (pinterest, 2017) Fig(12.2.17) Kinetic shading device (pinterest, 2017) Fig(12.2.18) Curtain wall window (pinterest, 2015) Fig(12.2.19) Curtain wall details (pinterest, 2015) Fig(12.2.20) Spider system (pinterest, 2014) Fig(12.2.21) Spider system details (pinterest, 2014) Fig(12.3.1)suez map (google earth ,2020 Fig (12.3.2)rixos the plam dubai hotel (google,2020) Fig (12.3.3)Middle School Complex (Microcities,2020) Fig (12.3.4)Asian Games staduim (archdailys,2020) Fig (12.3.4)pavegen tiles (impakters,2020) Fig (12.35)kinetic shading devices (pinterest ,2020) Fig (12.3.6)solar shading (pinterest ,2020) Fig (12.3.7)solar tree (google,2020) Fig (12.3.8)solar tree (google,2020) Fig (12.3.9)example of green roof(istope,2020) Fig (12.3.8) compounds of green roof(reasrchgate,2020) Fig (12.3.10)example of green roof(rach2o,2020) Fig.(12.4.1), business park sketch ,(Google,2020) Fig.(12.4.1), business park sketch ,(Google,2020) Fig.(12.4.3), Comfort ,(Google,2020) Fig.(12.4.4), deconstruction ,(Google,2020) Fig.(12.4.5), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.4.6), Inspiration ,(Google,2020) Fig.(12.4.7), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.4.8), Inspiration ,(Google,2020) Fig.(12.4.9), concept sketch ,(auther,2020)

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13.1 TABLE OF FIGURES CHAPTER XII : INDIVIDUAL WORK • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig(14.4.10) Compere between Green Roof & Traditional Roof Fig(14.4.11) Green Roof Fig(14.4.12) Triple-Glazed Windows Fig(14.4.13) Triple-Glazed Windows section Fig(14.4.14) Solar Tiles Fig(14.4.15) Solar Tiles Fig.(12.5.1.1), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.5.1.2), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.5.1.3), concept sketch ,(paitrest,2016) Fig.(12.5.1.4), concept sketch ,(paitrest,2016) Fig.(12.5.1.5), vertical village,(archdaliy,2018) Fig.(12.5.1.6), vertical village,(paitrest,2016) Fig.(12.5.2.1), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.5.2.2), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.5.2.3), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.5.2.4), inspiration,(paitrest,2019) Fig.(12.5.2.5), courtyard,(paitrest,2019) Fig.(12.5.3.1), concept sketch ,(google,2020) Fig.(12.5.3.2), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.5.3.3), concept sketch ,(auther,2020) Fig.(12.5.3.4), inspiration,(google,2008) Fig.(12.5.3.5),inspiration,(google,2008)

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13.2 REFRENCES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCATION ABOUT AUTONOMY • Voices.uchicago.edu. 2016. Le Corbusier – A Dictionary of Modern Architecture. Available at: <https://voices.uchicago.edu/201504arth15709-01a2/2015/11/16/le• Giuffrida, A. (2013). Venice goes to the polls in referendum on autonomy. From https://www.Theguardian.Com/world/2019/dec/01/venice-referendum-autonomy-independencemestre-depopulation • <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289377763_From_Autonomy_to_Interdisciplinarity_A_His toriographical_context> [Accessed 16 December 2012]. • . L-PORT-O - STUDIO-LN. [online] Available at: <http://studio-ln.com/L-PORT-O> [Accessed 24 December 2020]. • Ainley, A. and Assiter, A., 1995. Luce Irigaray: Two Reviews of a New Study. Women’s Philosophy Review, (14), pp.11-12. • Stanford.library.sydney.edu.au. Autonomy In Moral And Political Philosophy (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy/Spring 2008 Edition). [online] Available at: <https://stanford.library.sydney.edu.au/archives/spr2008/entries/autonomy-moral/> [Accessed 10 April 2014]. • Parley, F., 2010. What does vulnerability mean?. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(4), pp.266-276. • Research.tudelft.nl.<https://research.tudelft.nl/files/56150569/Klaassen_Perceptions_of_interdisciplina ry.pdf> [Accessed 18 September 2008]. • En.wikipedia.org. Autonomy. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy> [Accessed 19 April 2007]. CHAPTER II : INTRODUCTION ABOUT SUEZ • Suez GOVERNORATE: SUEZ travel guide - ASKALADDIN. (n.d.). Retrieved September 04, 2007, from https://ask-aladdin.com/egypt-cities/suez/ • Suez. (n.d.). Retrieved May/June, 2011, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Suez-Egypt CHAPTER III: HISTORICAL BACK GROUND

• • • • •

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER III: HISTORICAL BACK GROUND • Khan, S., & Khan, S. (2007). Abbasid Dynasty. Retrieved 8 March 2019, From Https://Www.Ancient.Eu/Abbasid_dynasty/ • Egypt - Trade. (2013). Retrieved 16 May 2017, From Https://Www.Britannica.Com/Place/Egypt/Trade • Suez Canal Authority. (2012). Retrieved 15 August 2020, From Https://Abjadex.Fandom.Com/Wiki/Suez_canal_authority • The Red Sea: A Magnet For Outside Powers Vying For Its Control. (2016). Retrieved 18 November 2020, From Https://Www.Theafricareport.Com/52152/The-red-sea-a-magnet-for-outside-powersvying-for-its-control/ CHAPTER IV: URBAN ANALYSIS

• Suez apparatus • Suez | Egypt. (2020). Retrieved 19 December 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/place/SuezEgypt • Suez | Egypt. (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/place/SuezEgypt • Suez | Egypt. (2020). Retrieved 19 December 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/place/SuezEgypt • Suez | Egypt. (2020). Retrieved 19 December 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/place/SuezEgypt • Weatherspark.com. (n.d.). Retrieved February 04, 2018, from https://weatherspark.com/y/97264/AverageWeather-in-Suez-Egypt-YearRound#:~:text=In%20Suez%2C%20the%20summers%20are,or%20above%2099%C2%B0F. CHAPTER V: PROJECT SELECTION • Office buildings | ArchDaily. (2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/category/office-buildings • Office Building | WBDG - Whole Building Design Guide. (2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/office•

Chapter 17.37 BUSINESS PARK ZONES. (2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.codepublishing.com/UT/EagleMountain/html/EagleMountai

• ("Chapter 17.37 BUSINESS PARK ZONES", 2020) • Your Bibliography: Chapter 17.37 BUSINESS PARK ZONES. (2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from • (2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.planning.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/892354/1.A_EBPS_Attachment_A_Busines s_Park_Examples.pdf

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER V: PROJECT SELECTION • (2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://gradstudents.wpcarey.asu.edu/sites/default/files/business-park.pdf • 2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.planning.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/892354/1.A_EBPS_Attach CHAPTER VI :SITE SELECTION • Suez governorate | Suez Travel Guide - AskAladdin. (n.d.). Egypt Travel Experts. Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://ask-aladdin.com/egypt-cities/suez/ • Suez Canal. (n.d.). HISTORY. Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://www.history.com/topics/africa/suezcanal#:%7E:text=The%20Suez%20Canal%20is%20a,to%20circumnavigate%20the%20African% 20continent. CHAPTER VII :SITE ANALYSIS • Average Weather in Suez, Egypt, Year Round - Weather Spark. (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, from https://weatherspark.com/y/97264/Average-Weather-in-Suez-EgyptYear-Round CHAPTER VIII :DESIGN ISSUES •

(2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.planning.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/892354/1.A_EBPS_Atta

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(2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/wpcontent/uploads/2020/07/RECOVER_BETTER_0722-1.pdf

• (2020). COMFORT (noun) definition and synonyms | Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/comfort_1#:~:text=comforts,pain%20or%20 other%20unpleasant%20feelings •

(2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.rockwoolgroup.com/siteassets/sailgp/downloads/rockwool-b2c-guide-v5.pdf

• (2020). Retrieved 23 December 2020, from https://www.rockwoolgroup.com/siteassets/sailgp/downloads/rockwool-b2c-guide-v5.pdf

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER VIII :DESIGN ISSUES • Body, V. (2020). Pulmonary & Systemic Circulation | Circulatory Anatomy. Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/circulatory/circulatory-pulmonary-systemiccirculation#:~:text=There%20Are%20Two%20Types%20of,flows%20back%20to%20t •

The Architectural Concept of Circulation — JBH Design. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://jbh-design.com/blog/2016/2/22/alveolarglottis#:~:text=Horizontal%20circulation%20covers%20movement%20in,th

• Vertical Circulation. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://online.tarleton.edu/ACEF/UDIL42413/UDIL424136.html#:~:text=Vertical%20circulation%2 0is%20the%20means,elevators • Circulation in architecture. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.hisour.com/circulation-in-architecture27899/#:~:text=Within%20buildings%2C%20circulation%20spaces%20are,stairs%2C%20landings %20and%20so%20on.&text=In%20architecture%2C%20circulation%20refers%20to,and%20interac t%20with%20a%20building.

• for private circulation definition | English definition dictionary | Reverso. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://dictionary.reverso.net/english-definition/for+private+circulation • Definition of interaction | Dictionary.com. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/interaction • Interaction design meets architectural thinking | ACM Interactions. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/march-april-2015/interaction-design• The Architecture of Social Interaction. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/945172/the-architecture-of-social-interaction • 3 Types of Stretching to Increase Your Flexibility. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.verywellfit.com/flexibility-definition-and-examples-3496108 • (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB12025.pdf • Architectural Flexibility | Tag | ArchDaily. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/tag/architectural-flexibility • architecture. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://legaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/architecture#:~:text=Regulation,those%20engaged%2 •

(2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/TN/nbstechnicalnote998.pdf

• What is security? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/security

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER VIII :DESIGN ISSUES • What is Security Architecture? - Definition from Techopedia. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/72/security-arcahitecture • Accessibility Definition. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://techterms.com/definition/accessibility

• NFPA Journal - Fire Escapes, September October 2014. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.nfpa.org/News-and-Research/Publications-and-media/NFPAJournal/2014/September-October• The Science of Architecture: How Design Affects the Way We Feel. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.mynewlab.com/blog/the-science-of-architecture-how-design-affects-the-waywe-feel/#:~:text=Building%20views,Consider%20the%20view&text=What's%20on%20the%20outside%20can,stuck%20into%20a%20goo d%20book. • Academy, P. (2017). Architecture and its Effect on Mood and Physical Well-Being - PDH Academy. Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://pdhacademy.com/2017/11/06/architectureeffect-mood-physical-well/ • Definition of mood | Dictionary.com. (2015). Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/mood • Wood construction reduces stress and offers a healthy living environment. (2014). Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://woodforgood.com/news-and-views/2014/05/15/wood-constructionreduces-stress-and-offers-a-healthy-living-environment/ • How does accessible parking work? | Rick Hansen Foundation. (2017). Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://www.rickhansen.com/news-stories/blog/how-does-accessible-parking-work • The Science of Architecture: How Design Affects the Way We Feel. (2014). Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://www.mynewlab.com/blog/the-science-of-architecture-how-design-affects-the-waywe-feel/

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER IX :CASE STUDIES Local Case Studies • Skywalk West – Skywalk. (2020). Retrieved 15 June 2014, from https://skywalkdevelopments.com/projects/skywalk-west/ • SKYWALK CAIRO | GB Design. (2020). Retrieved 21 June 2011, from http://www.designgb.com/project/skywalk-cairo/ • SKYWALK - Okoplan. (2020). Retrieved 15 June 2016, from https://www.oekoplan.com/project/skywalk/ • 55m Clinic For Rent at Capital Business Park - Sheikh Zayed City. (2020). Retrieved 18 August 2018, from http://www.zayedhouse.com/properties/office/55m-clinic-for-rent-at-capital-business-parksheikh-zayed-city-216.html • (2020). Retrieved 15 June 2018, from http://cbp-eg.com/promenade/3/3 • Capital business park | Dorra. (2020). Retrieved 17 July 2014, from https://www.dorra.com/development/capital-business-park • Norris, G., Tchaikovsky, & Trio, T. (1976). Piano Trio. The Musical Times, 117(1604), 832. doi: 10.2307/960194 • Duplex Roof with garden For Sale in Trio Gardens. (2020). Retrieved 13 August 2013, from https://properties.emcec.net/property/duplex-with-garden-for-sale-in-trio-gardens-new-cairo-2-2/ • A Fouda, M., Fouda, A., G Aldally, A., B Ismael, S., & A Awad, M. (2016). Frequency (Occurrence) and seasonal variation of bacterial species on the external surface of non-biting flies in Egypt. International Journal Of Advanced Research In Biological Sciences (IJARBS), 3(11), 24-30. doi: 10.22192/ijarbs.2016.03.11.003 • (2020). Retrieved 17 January 2014, from https://www.egyptrealestatehub.co.uk/trio-gardens • Gallery of AD Classics: Bibliotheca Alexandrina / Snøhetta - 8. (2020). Retrieved 19 May 2011, from https://www.archdaily.com/592824/ad-classics-bibliotheca-alexandrinasnohetta/54c2853fe58eced7eb000080-bibliotheca-jpg?next_project=no • Index of /~paulb/iat233/Snohetta-Alexandria. (2020). Retrieved 16 June 2009, from http://www.sfu.ca/~paulb/iat233/Snohetta-Alexandria/?C=S;O=D • Renewed Virtual Opportunity! WWW Virtual Library: Public Health http://vph.sphcm.med.unsw.edu.au/. (2004). Health Promotion International, 19(2), 275-275. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dah215 • Bibliotheca Alexandrina | The Arab Contractors. (2020). Retrieved 20 June 2009, from https://www.arabcont.com/English/project-78 • (2020). Retrieved 15 August 2009, from https://www.misrtravel.net/Travel-Guide-of-Egypt/egypyguide/Bibliotheca-Alexandrina,-Alexandria-Egypt • (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-layout-in-thebuilding-Galleria-40-21_fig5_320366093 • SITES INTERNATIONAL | Sheikh Zayed Business Park. (2019, June 12). SITES INTERNATIONAL. https://www.sitesint.com/projects/sheikh-zayed-business-park/

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER IX :CASE STUDIES International Case Studies • ANZ Raranga at Sylvia Park / Architectus. (2018). Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/950357/anz-raranga-at-sylvia-park-architectus • Segreen Business Park / Lombardini22. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/604027/segreen-business-park-lombardini22 • Segreen Business Park in San Felice Segrate, Italy by Lombardini22 - ArchShowcase. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/archshowcase/2015/03/24/segreen-business-park-in-san-felice-segrate-italy-by-lombardini22/ • Segreen Business Park | Ongreening. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://ongreening.com/en/Projects/segreen-business-park-1038 •

Behance. (2020). Retrieved 24 december 2020, from https://www.Behance.Net/gallery/69010447/OSOTSPA-OFFICE-BUILDING-PLAN-ARCHITECT

•

Osotspa office building | Plan architect | Media - Photos and Videos | Archello. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://archello.com/story/85960/attachments/photos-videos

•

OSOTSPA CORPORATE HEADQUATERS | P.L. Design. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://pldesign.co.th/?mies_portfolio=osotspa-

• Freedom Park, Phase 2 / GAPP + Mashabane Rose Architects + MMA. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/297713/freedom-park-phase-2-gapp-mashabanerose-architects-mma • Sacred Architecture: Freedom Park Heritage Site and Museum. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-news/epmee/sacred-architecture-freedompark-heritage-site-and-museum.html • he Freedom Park Museum, Gauteng, South Africa | Aurecon. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.aurecongroup.com/projects/property/the-freedom-park-museum-phase-of-theheritage-site-development-site-tshwane-south-africa •

Architecture | Walt Disney Concert Hall 10th Anniversary. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from http://wdch10.laphil.com/wdch/architecture.html

• Walt Disney Concert Hall at The Music Center. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.discoverlosangeles.com/things-to-do/walt-disney-concert-hall-at-the-music-center • AD Classics: Walt Disney Concert Hall / Frank Gehry. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/441358/ad-classics-walt-disney-concert-hall-frank-gehry

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER IX :CASE STUDIES International Case Studies • Library and Learning Centre University of Economics Vienna / Zaha Hadid Architects. (2013). Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/523598/library-and-learning-centreuniversity-of-economics-vienna-zaha-hadidarchitects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all • (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Www.Casadar.Com/En/Home/Project/En/1688 • Google’s New £1bn Campus In London | Ongreening. (2019). Retrieved 12 November 2020, From Http://Www.Ongreening.Com/En/News/Google-new-campus-in-london-1319 • Google’s New £1bn Campus In London | Ongreening. (2018). Retrieved 4 October 2020, From Http://Www.Ongreening.Com/En/News/Google-new-campus-in-london-1319 • Mcmanus, D., Welch, A., Welch, A., & Welch, A. (2020). Google Headquarters At Kings Cross, London - E-architect. Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Www.E-architect.Com/London/Googleheadquarters-at-kings-cross • Sustainability Research And Training Program — Dr. Suad Joseph. (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Sjoseph.Ucdavis.Edu/Sustainability-research-training-program Regional Case Studies • Dogus Technology Center / ERA Architects. (2014). Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/891613/dogus-technology-center-eraarchitects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all • Odunpazari Modern Art Museum / Kengo Kuma & Associates. (2019). Retrieved 26 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/924542/odunpazari-modern-art-museum-kengo-kumaand-associates?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all • About The Redevelopment Of King's Cross. (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Www.Kingscross.Co.Uk/The-story-s0o-far • Project-access - About The New Hästen 21. (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Www.Project-access.Se/Hasten21/About-the-new-hasten-21/

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER X : SUSTAINABILITY • What Is LEED? » Sustainability » Boston University. (2016). Retrieved 16 June 2019, From Https://Www.Bu.Edu/Sustainability/What-were-doing/Green-buildings/Leed/ • What Is Sustainability? | The Northeast Earth Coalition. (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Neearth.Org/What-is-sustainability/ • (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Www.Ipcc.Ch/Site/Assets/Uploads/2018/02/Ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter8.Pdf • Definition Of Sustainability. (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Www.Thwink.Org/Sustain/Glossary/Sustainability.Htm • What Is Green Building? | World Green Building Council. (2020). Retrieved 25 December 2020, From Https://Www.Worldgbc.Org/What-green-building

CHAPTER XI : DESIGN REQUIREMENTS • Time saver standards for interior design and space planning. (N.D.). Timesaver. Retrieved February 6, 2021, from https://www.Academia.Edu/5504136/TIME_SAVER_STANDARDS_FOR_INTERIOR_DESIGN_A ND_SPACE_PLANNING • Neufert3th.Pdf. (N.D.). Scribd. Retrieved february 6, 2021, from https://www.Scribd.Com/document/415031820/neufert3th-pdf CHAPTER XII : INDIVIDUAL WORK • W. (2007, April 6). Midtown Center - Office Space in Downtown DC. Webwork. Https://www.Wework.Com/buildings/midtown-center--washington-DC • Burton, M. (2020, February 20). Most Beautiful 10 Deconstructivism Architecture Buildings. The Architecture Designs. https://thearchitecturedesigns.com/most-beautiful-deconstructivismarchitecture-buildingswhat-is-deconstructivism/ • M. (2016, July 18). Reuse Shipping Containers | Shipping Container Design. Container Exchanger. https://blog.containerexchanger.com/15-awesome-ways-to-reuse-shipping-containers/ • (2011, August 31). *공중 브릿지 [ SOLID architecture ] Skywalk Renege 44-46. 5osA_ì¤̃ì‚¬. https://5osa.com/3263 • Photography, G. E. (2018, August 5). 8 Dazzling Winners from the World Architecture Festival | World architecture festival, Building design, Amazing architecture. Pinterest. Https://www.Pinterest.Com/pin/256283035022588904/

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER XII : INDIVIDUAL WORK • Shading devices. (n.d.). Retrieved February 04, 2019, from http://2030palette.org/shading-devices/ • Spider glazing System. (n.d.). Retrieved April 04, 2017, from https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/spider-glazing-system-3020956855.html • Átjáróhíd utólag - skywalk bécsben. (n.d.). Retrieved August 1, 2011, from https://tervlap.hu/cikknezet/-b-atjarohid-utolag-skywalk-becsben-b• Sketches February 2017: Concept ARCHITECTURE, layout Architecture, urban design graphics. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2017, from https://ar.pinterest.com/pin/813955332647698300/ • Retail plan concept i randy carizo: Urban design plan, urban landscape design, architecture concept diagram. (n.d.). Retrieved May 25, 2018, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/587086501423298026/ • Architecture design process 101 - first in architecture: Architecture design process, architecture design concept, architecture concept drawings. (n.d.). Retrieved August 05, 2018, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/587086501423297942/ • Avdio Video Disco (I listen, I see, I learn), Middle school complex for 700 students + Auditorium in Martigny, Switzerland | microcities. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from http://microcities.net/portfolio/avdio-video-disco-i-listen-i-see-i-learn-middle-school-complex-for700-students-auditorium-in• : Dubai, M., Emirates, U., Suites, R., & Suites, R. (2020). Rixos The Palm Dubai Hotel And Suites | Dubai | Destinology. Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.destinology.co.uk/hotels/dubai/rixos-the-palm-dubai-hotel-and-suites/40514/ •

Google Earth. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://earth.google.com/web/search/suez/@29.97706325,32.5114949,8.98133391a,161

• 2014 Incheon Asian Games Main Stadium / P Pavegen - Global leader in harvesting energy and data from footfall. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://pavegen.com/#:~:text=Pavegen%20is%20a%20human%2Dpowered,lighting%2 • opulous. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/37460/2014incheon-asian-games-main-stadium-populous • (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Example-ofkinetic-shading-device-Fig-5-Example-of-fixed-shading-device_fig4_319262706 •

What Is Solar Shаdіng? | Fixed and Dynamic. (2020). Retrieved 24 December 2020, from https://www.enviroscreen.org.uk/what-is-solar-

• Gupta, U. (2020). A solar tree for agricultural applications. Retrieved 25 December 2020, from https://www.pv-magazine.com/2020/09/01/a-solar-tree-for-agricultural-applications/

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13.2 TABLE OF References CHAPTER XII : INDIVIDUAL WORK • What is a Green Roof—Technical Preservation Services, National Park Service. (n.d.). . Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://www.nps.gov/tps/sustainability/new-technology/greenroofs/define.htm • Triple Glazed Windows: Do They Make Sense? (n.d.). Homebuilding & Renovating. Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://www.homebuilding.co.uk/advice/triple-glazed-windows-do-theymake-sense • Why has triple glazing failed to gain market share? (n.d.). Aluminum Trade Supply. Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://www.aluminiumtradesupply.co.uk/14104/triple-glazing-market-share/

• How do Solar Tiles Work? (n.d.). Arch Daily. Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/930969/how-do-solar-tiles-work • Pinterest. 2020. 8 Dazzling Winners From The World Architecture Festival | World Architecture Festival, Amazing Architecture, Building Design. [online] Available at: <https://www.pinterest.com/pin/256283035022588904/> [Accessed 16 July 2009]. • (2020). Retrieved 18 December 2014, from https://www.google.com.eg/search?q=natural+lighting+sketch&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj8kcao3dz tAhUGQBQKHRmyBNwQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=Natural+lighting+sk&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgIIADIGCAAQCBAeMgQI ABAYOgQIABBDUIgjWKA4YJRNaABwAHgAgAHXAYgBgSSAQMyLTOYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=IlrfX_x4hoBRmeSS4 A0&bih=609&biw=1366&hl=en#imgrc=j0F2ccykPXYJ4M • (2020). Retrieved 15 March 2006, from https://www.google.com.eg/search?q=concept+solaris+singapore&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk00oTS_QER n_A0LlnvZ5bU6W148oxA:1608471126984&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjq1Z7 x1dztAhWzsHEKHZsXCgUQ_AUoAXoECA8QAw&biw=1366&bih=609 • freeline buliding - Google Search. (2020). Retrieved 12 May 2016, from https://www.google.com.eg/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01qL1NjtIeEPjwNeyq4YoJbBcTmQ%3A1608471048900&source=hp&ei=CFLfX8K4NKfBlwS81r4DA&q=freeline+buliding&oq=freeline+buliding&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIHCCEQChCgATIH CCEQChCgAVCVCViVCWDREGgAcAB4AIABxgGIAcYBkgEDMC4xmAEAoAECoAEBqgEHZ 3dzLXdpeg&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwjC3P7L1dztAhWn4IUKHTzrD8cQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 • Object], [. (2020). Why Great Architecture Should Tell A Story. Retrieved 16 April 2014, from https://theurbandeveloper.com/articles/great-architecture-tell-story

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