Canterbury Farming, June 2012 by Integrity Community Media

28,500 copies distributed monthly – to every rural mailbox in Canterbury and the West Coast.

June 2012

INSIDE Disco’s remains fund Page 2

MRLs — what are they and why do we need them? Page 8

A breakthrough for quad safety

Page 15

Keri Johnston, Queen of ponds

WEL’s export dream

By Hugh de Lacy The last relics of the muchmaligned Wool Board have been ground up to fertilise publicly-listed farmer-owned Wool Equities Limited’s (WEL’s) efforts to create an expansive co-operative structure for the wool industry. And its biggest investment so far is in the former Bruce Woollen Mills in Milton, Otago, which itself began as a famer-owned co-operative in 1897 and grew to employ 300 people. The Wool Board Disestablishment Company (Disco) late last month issued its final report on distribution of former Wool Board monies, of which $69.5 million went to its former suppliers. The remaining cash, $2.9m, was turned over to WEL late last year and, after investing $400,000 in acquiring twothirds of the former Quality Yarns’ factory in Milton, the company holds $2.5m in cash plus a further $1m in assets. WEL is resurrecting the original company, which closed down in December last year, as the Bruce Woollen Mill Limited which resumed operations last month with 18 people on the payroll. “A number of knitters, weavers and yarn-users came to us and said, ‘We really need to keep this [factory] going because if it goes,

our businesses go’,” WEL chairman Cliff Heath told Canterbury Farming. The sorts of small business involved sell into a premium garment market which guarantees the entire product is ‘grown here, spun here and knitted here’ in New Zealand. “It’s not something with ‘Designed in New Zealand, made in China’ on it,” Heath said. Eleven small businesses own about a third of Bruce Woollen Mill, and WEL the rest. Heath said businesses of the kind involved in Bruce are vital to the industry: without them “there are no new innovative products because the people who make them are the little companies in the backyard somewhere in smalltown New Zealand.” They’ve “weathered the Asian invasion of [clothing] product, and have come out the other end with viable businesses in so much as they can put up money to invest in this,” Heath said. “They’re not struggling any more: the strugglers have gone, and the ones who are left have got strong businesses with very precise niche markets.” Bruce invoiced around $150,000 in its first month in operation, when production systems were still being ironed

out and no effort had been made to find new outlets. Heath predicted that within 12 months the company will be turning over $2m-$4m a year. “The Milton thing has seen a number of other little critical manufacturing businesses coming to us and saying, ‘Can you partner with us too?’ and we’re in the process of putting together a marketing company for all these little businesses. “We need to grow them, and they need to grow an exporting base, but most of them are too small to do it.” Applications to join with WEL in this company closed in the middle of this month, and Heath said at least 15 businesses had expressed an interest. “Effectively it’s an export co-op, with WEL as the catalyst.” WEL’s other main investment has been in Romney New Zealand’s rug-marketing venture in the United States, something Heath said is “not performing particularly well.” August will see the expiry of a two-year-long contract that WEL and Romney have had with an American marketing organisation, and the partners are preparing a replacement strategy which it expects to perform better. Meanwhile, a decision is

understood to be imminent on who the receivers of South Canterbury Finance (SCF) will sell Alan Hubbard’s former 60% holding in wool-trader and scourer Wool Services International (WSI) to. WSI is effectively owned by the Government which paid $1.6 billion into Hubbard’s doomed finance company after guaranteeing its loans in the wake of the global financial crisis. Front-runner for the WSI shareholding was thought to be Cavalier Carpets which owns the two scours in New Zealand that are not owned by WSI. A Cavalier takeover would create a scouring monopoly that has, surprisingly, already been given the green light by the Commerce Commission. Other possible buyers of WSI, which made a $6m profit last year from selling stockpiled wool into a thenbuoyant market, include

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Chinese firms which might repatriate the state-of-theart WSI scouring technology — if not the machinery — to China. WEL made an unsuccessful play for the WSI shares and, barring surprises, Heath said the company is out of that game now. “If WEL had managed to get those shares that the Government have or had, then we could have put together something that looked like Fonterra for wool.” WEL attempted to raise the $30m thought to be needed to buy the WSI shares through a float to farmers, but “farmers didn’t buy into it, so from our perspective it’s probably a dead deal. “If the Government really wanted to do something — and they could use that cornerstone ownership as a mechanism — they could reconfigure the industry,” Heath said.

June 2012

MRLs — what are they and why do we need them? Kate Wilkinson, Minister for Food safety

Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), being limits of chemical residues in our food chain, are necessary — not just from a food safety point of view but also to ensure that the reputation and integrity of our food exports and industry is protected and enhanced. The use of chemicals on crops dates back thousands of years. They are needed to stave off pests and diseases, to protect the food supply,

protect animal health and maximise the quantity and quality of food being grown. In New Zealand, where 80 per cent of our food is exported, the use of modern agricultural chemicals allows us to maintain an economy based on the trade of food. Of paramount importance is the safety and suitability of the food we produce. When it comes to using these chemicals, we want to ensure that only enough is used to get the job done. And so we set MRLs. These limits on chemical

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residues in food ensure the farmer or grower has followed requirements and used chemicals properly. Most importantly, MRLs guarantee the food we produce is safe to eat and that it can be exported to a range of markets. MRLs are determined by taking into account data from chemical trials and thorough animal testing. Researchers look for the slightest signs of toxic effect on an animal then reduce the amount of chemical being tested by at least 100 times to set the MRL. This is to ensure there will be no chance of harmful effects on people. MRLs are set by the Ministry for Primary Industries for all agricultural chemicals used here in New Zealand. To make sure they remain current, they are updated up to four times a year to account for new chemicals, for the addition of crops that the chemical is used on, and for changes in their use. Where there is no specific MRL set, the default maximum limit is 0.1 parts per million. This is a tiny amount, and well below the safe residue levels set down by the World Health Organisation. Food safety is paramount.

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Where food is shown to have any chemical residues above the legal limit we

need to ensure that it is not sold, either for domestic consumption or export. Residues are allowed in some export crops, although generally our New Zealand MRLs do tend to be lower than those of our trading partners. This gives us an advantage, allowing us access to a wide array of overseas markets. Like any food producing nation we need agricultural

chemicals to protect our animals and crops. MRLs ensure any chemical use is strictly balanced against any possible impact on food safety and our export markets. They ensure New Zealanders can buy safe and quality local produce and have helped us carve a lucrative international reputation for producing safe, suitable and wonderful food. They are set for a purpose.

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Canterbury Farming prints material contributed by freelance journalists, contributing columnists and letters from readers. The information and opinions published are not necessarily those of Canterbury Farming or its staff. Canterbury Farming takes no responsibility for claims made by advertisers. Canterbury Farming is published by NorthSouth Multi Media Ltd

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June 2012

From the Minister David Carter, Minister of Agriculture

The recent discovery of a Queensland fruit fly in Auckland sparked a media flurry about our biosecurity preparedness and response. The discussion around it has been a good one. The Government certainly has a clear role in managing our biosecurity system, but every New Zealander has an important role, too. It’s in all our interests to work together to protect the economic contribution of our primary industries, and to protect the unique environments and way of life that we all value. Some have said that we need full x-ray screening of all travellers’ luggage. Others think the answer is to have more dogs at airports. If only the solution was that simple. Maintaining our biosecurity system is complex and needs to evolve constantly to keep pace with new or heightened risks. There are numerous entry points to New Zealand – the manmade pathways of airports, ports and the mail service, as well as the natural pathways of strong winds and ocean currents. The fruit fly found in Auckland was tiny, making it unlikely to be picked up by either an x-ray, the sharp eye of a biosecurity officer, or the sensitive nose of a detector dog. Not that this in any way lessens the risk the pest posed to our horticulture industry. New Zealand has a good biosecurity system, one of the best in the world, and

one that we can justifiably be proud of. We have managed to keep out many of the world’s worst pests and diseases despite huge increases in the numbers of people and freight moving around the globe. The strength of our system lies in its many layers of protection. We have Import Health Standards to prevent risky items from being sent to New Zealand in the first place, inspections at the border, and extensive surveillance and monitoring within our borders – including 7400 insect traps. Meantime, the Biosecurity Law Reform Bill – the most significant changes to the Biosecurity Act in more than a decade – is progressing through Parliament, and the National Animal Identification and Tracing scheme is about to become mandatory for cattle and deer, to enhance our biosecurity response. We’re also working to help people understand the reasons for our rigorous biosecurity system, because education is equally as important as enforcement. Research by the Ministry for Primary Industries shows a huge increase in the use of amnesty bins where people can dispose of risky items before they enter New Zealand. There are also fewer people packing atrisk items in their luggage and a drop in the rate of undeclared goods being seized from passengers. I encourage the debate around this important issue to continue so that everyone can work together to make our world-class biosecurity system even stronger.

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As more and more people swing back into cattle because of the returns, but pressure from other land use such as dairy and dairy support takes over the flat, cattle are being forced into the hill country more and more. With different bloodlines offering different traits and different results, the decision is not a simple one of thinking the bull looks great. Then there’s the advice from the stock agents who are very happy to put you in their car and take you for a preseason whizz around a variety of studs selling bulls that they think will fill your needs. Then of course, on the day the short list you have decided on will probably be the same as another farmer who out bids your budget and you have to start all over again. It would drive you to drink which, thanks to the hospitality of those who hold bull sales, is a very natural thing to happen. It would seem rude if you didn’t stay on for a dram or glass of wine after all that emotional hard work and the enthusiasm of those running the circus.

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June 2012

O’Connor Comments

With Damien O’Connor, Opposition Spokesman on Agriculture

Water, water everywhere Bad weather last week prevented me attending the Federated Farmers Forum on Water in Ashburton. It was a little ironic that excess precipitation in the form of snow had closed Christchurch airport. As always, the snow melted and everything got back to normal, or as normal as can be in Christchurch. For the farmers at the

forum listening to Nick Smith explain the National Government's positions on these issues it must have also seemed a little untimely to be talking about irrigation. It is hard to estimate how much water in the form of snow fell on Canterbury over those couple of days. Most of it will have already run out to sea by now. More of it could have been

captured and stored for use when drought threatens our crops and pastures. But that will require a lot more investment in storage infrastructure and efficient distribution. Previous generations did just that for electricity generation through taxpayer funded schemes. Now user pays is the flavour of the economy. People want

to pay less tax we are told. So who then should pay for future irrigation infrastructure? It is hard to estimate how much water in the form of snow fell on Canterbury over those couple of days. Most of it will have already run out to sea by now. More of it could have been captured and stored for use when

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June 2012

My point of view

Are your joints complaining?

Allen Cookson

The burdensome tail The traditional stance of rightwing politicians towards crime is harsh sentences. How refreshing it is to see National taking some long overdue initiatives towards prevention of crime Dysfunctional families are often nurseries for the next generation of criminals. Even if not, their children are more likely to be more unproductive dependents than those of functional families. Children of dysfunctional families are more likely to be part of the large tail of educational underachievers who spoil what should be among the world’s best educational statistics. How do the mean family sizes of the productive and unproductive sectors compare? At what ages do these cohorts produce their firstborns? I am unaware of NZ research on these matters. What I do know from my own direct contacts is that there are women who have numbers of children by different fathers, none of whom contribute to their maintenance. Often these women do not want to get pregnant. There are others for whom children are a convenient source of income, little of which is spent on the family, alcohol, drugs and gambling being considered more important.

So it was with delight that I received the news that government is to offer free contraception/ sterilisation to at risk people. Predictably there were howls of protest from Labour, the Greens and other leftish bleeding hearts. Ironically the Greens’ predecessor, the Values Party, had a similar policy to National’s. It is outrageous that people who claim to care about children should favour the production of children in environments of abuse and neglect. To date our best efforts at improving the home environments of the bottom socio-economic percentile of our people have been inadequate. The truth is generally we do not know how to bring about the required improvements in the worst cases. The other National initiative which should over time diminish dependency in the working age population is the automatic payment of rent, power bills, etc., for young beneficiaries, and positive assistance to move into employment. Moves such as these are urgent. Standard and Poors’ credit analyst Kyran Curry said New Zealand’s total age-related spending on health, pensions and aged care was expected to rise from 14.4% of GDP in 2010 to 29.5% of GDP in 2050. Standard and Poors projects that government debt burdens of most advanced economies could reach unsustainable levels of more than 300% of GDP in the next 40 years. The accompanying graph shows a hypothetical scenario if the productive sector, including farming, is burdened with a growing unproductive working age sector.

POST & RAIL FENCING

■

Joints are any part of the body where 2 or more bones meet. The main types of joints are the fibrous joints such as tooth sockets, those solely of cartilage such as vertebrae discs and thirdly the mobile synovial joints such as knees and shoulders. The most common problems that affect joints are accidental damage especially to these mobile joints, all forms of arthritis and specific problems with joint structures such as bursitis and tendonitis Our knees and shoulders are incredibly complex synovial joints. Have a look at an anatomical image of a shoulder joint and you will see what I mean. There are tendons attached to bones, tendon sheaths to allow tendon movement, joint cavities with synovial fluid, little bags of lubricant called bursars and of course the cartilage covering the bones. All of these structures can cause problems including arthritis, bursitis and tendonitis. Osteoarthritis is the progressive loss of the cartilage that covers the ends of bones. The pain is as much caused by inflammation as the actual loss of cartilage. While there is obviously some wear and tear aspect to the disease the latest research suggests that this is a true disease process rather than just accumulated wear. Research in the last decade by K. Yudoh et al (2005) and C. Ziskoven et al (2010) indicates that the real cause may oxidative stress which then triggers inflammation. This concludes that free radicals damage the chondrocyte cells that make and support cartilage. If these cells are damaged and die this

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rUrAL ProFessIoNALs

June 2012

Disputes tribunals In 1976 the Small Claims Tribunals Act was passed. It provided that disputes over relatively minor claims could be decided by an adjudicator who was not necessarily a legally qualified lawyer. This was the forerunner of the Disputes Tribunals which replaced the Small Claims Tribunals in about 1988. The jurisdiction of the Disputes Tribunals was increased some time ago so that their current jurisdiction is for claims up to $15,000 as of right and $20,000 if both parties to the dispute agree. One of John Keys’ 2008 pre-election promises was that he intended to relieve the pressure on the District Courts by increasing the jurisdiction of the Disputes Tribunals to claims of up to $50,000. So far the amount of

any one claim has not increased to that amount. Running a defended civil trial in the District Court for claims of less that $50,000 are uneconomic and a further increase in the Tribunal’s jurisdiction is warranted. It is essential that there is a genuine dispute before a claim will lie. It is not a cheap debt recovery process. Lawyers are not permitted to represent their clients who need to have a well prepared statement to assist the adjudicator to make a proper decision. Decisions are not always based on legal principle but endeavour to provide a fair outcome of the dispute. A survey of the workings of a number of Tribunals revealed that in general the parties have been

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satisfied with the functioning of the Disputes Tribunal. Parties also expressed satisfaction with the way they were treated in the process and the time it took to resolve the dispute. In addition most of the adjudicators are now legally qualified which should give participants confidence that there is a proper legal basis for the decision. Not every cloud has a silver lining. If a party to a dispute is successful in obtaining a ruling in their favour from the Disputes Tribunal, enforcement of the order has to be through the District Court which is not always satisfactory. Each of the larger District Courts has a Collections Unit which collects fines and makes orders for payment in civil proceedings if the debtor has means to pay. This is where enforcement becomes difficult and many creditors have to accept payment by paltry weekly instalments or nothing at all if there are no means to pay. If the debtor has no income no order will be made so the creditor is left with the unenviable task of pursuing the debtor for payment. In the worst case scenario the debtor can apply for bankruptcy or the ‘no assets procedure’ so all recourse against the debtor is stopped. A further increase in the Disputes Tribunals jurisdiction would provide quicker and easier access to the settlement of disputes than is now the case. This article has been prepared by Bessie Paterson, a Partner with Ronald Angland & Son solicitors, who may be contacted on Tel: 03 349-4708 or e-mail bessie@ anglands.co.nz

Thinking rural finance?

Money Talk

W ith Andrew W yllie

When it rains, it pours or more accurately it snows! Following on from such a mild autumn season, winter arrived with real vengeance last week with snow covering many parts of the region. An inconvenience more than anything else but good news for the start of the ski season This month I wanted to give an overview on two retirement village operators listed on the local NZX, Ryman Healthcare and Summerset. Ryman is the local Christchurch based company, which listed in 1999. They have been involved in the development, construction and operation of integrated retirement facilities for the longstay care of the elderly. They currently have a nationwide network of 24 villages and have recently decided to head across the ditch to Australia. Many readers may own shares in this company and will be very happy with the performance of that investment to date. Since listing, the company has achieved a medium-term growth rate of 15% each year. In the financial year ended 2012 they built 710 retirement units, well ahead of the targeted 550 units per annum. The increase was driven largely by demand on the back of the earthquake in Canterbury.

Looking forward, they have decided to maintain the build rate target at 700 units per annum on an ongoing basis. A very interesting feature of the business is the current very low level of vacancy, 19 units or less than one unit per village. This just really highlights how strong the demand is for the Ryman product out in the marketplace. This continuation of care model has worked well in the past and is expected to work very well moving forward. Summerset by contrast is the new kid in town, listing at the end of 2011. The shares listed at $1.40 and after trading slightly below issue price for a brief period the share price has been strong, currently trading at $1.66. The business started back in 1994 and also offers a range of lifestyle options, aged care facilities and services for the long-stay care of the elderly. Currently they have 1,486

Ross Pyle

Snr Agribusiness Manager Upper South Island

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Our normal account opening criteria and Terms and Conditions apply. Full Terms and Conditions for residential and agribusiness lending apply. Personal loans are provided by Finance Now Limited, a subsidiary of SBS Bank (Southland Building Society). SBS Bank insurance products are administered and managed by Southsure Assurance Limited, a subsidiary of SBS Bank. Full Terms and Conditions for residential and agribusiness lending and copies of our current Investment Statement and disclosure statements are available on request and free of charge from any branch or agency of SBS Bank or viewed on our website www.sbs.net.nz

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retirement units and 327 care beds. The villages they operate are currently situated across a variety of predominantly North Island locations, although they do have operations in Nelson and Dunedin. At the first AGM since listing, the company reinforced the positive outlook it has and that the company is tracking in-line with its prospectus forecasts. That’s always a good thing for a recent listing. The company is continuing on its growth path with a forecast build of 155 units in financial year 2012. They stated that they remain focused on growing the company’s footprint throughout the country with Christchurch perhaps an obvious target. A current land bank does cover five years of future developments, plenty to keep them going. One interesting point is that are now considering adding dementia care to its aged care service. This is on the back of an ever increasing demand and a natural progression for this company in time. Very simply this will mean they will be have a continuation of care offering to their elderly tenants and provide a further ongoing revenue stream. To compare the two, Ryman simply has the track record with runs on the board. Summerset is at a stage Ryman was at several years ago and looking to get some runs on the board. We all know about the ageing population and the compelling demographics which make this sector so attractive. Like it or not these providers offer a service that many of us will end up using in retirement, we can’t stop the clock! Having an exposure to this sector may have merit depending on the investor’s circumstances. If you would like to confidentially discuss your investment position please give me a call. Andrew Wyllie is an Authorised Financial Adviser with Forsyth Barr in Christchurch. He can be contacted on 0800 367 227 or andrew.wyllie@forsythbarr. co.nz. This column is general in nature and should not be regarded as personalised investment advice. Disclosure Statements are available on request and free of charge.

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rUrAL ProFessIoNALs

June 2012

Falloons welcomes its newest Director Aaron Allred The firm Falloons began in the 1960’s when the then local manager of the Farm Accounting Association, Bruce Leighton purchased the Ashburton Branch. The firm still specialises in providing a full range of accounting services to the rural community with clients now stretching from the Bay of Islands down to South Otago. Most of our team of five have been brought up on farms and so have a deep understanding of the challenges and developments which affect our clients. Recently Aaron Allred became a director of the firm. Aaron gained his degree from Canterbury University, after which he worked for Electric Data Systems in Wellington & Dublin. During this time he became a Chartered Accountant and also became a family man with two children, Jackson 11 and Holly 9.

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After returning to his home town of Methven, Aaron has worked as a manager for another CA firm in Ashburton before joining Falloons in 2009. John Falloon, the other director, has degrees from both Lincoln College and Canterbury University. John has been a director/ partner of the firm since 1979. Over 30 years he has given significant time to the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants, being a councillor for 10 years, and spending 20 years on the Professional Conduct Committee, five years as chairman. Currently he is on the board of IHC and chairman of the audit committee.

experience when working with our clients. We pride ourselves on building lasting relationships with our clients.

Forsyth Barr’s portfolio management services ensure you receive personalised, confidential, investment advice backed up by quality research from our highly regarded research team. To find out more, call Forsyth Barr Investment Advisor Andrew Wyllie on 03 365 4244 or 0800 367 227, or email him at andrew.wyllie@forsythbarr.co.nz. Disclosure Statements are available on request and free of charge.

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Welcoming our new partner Grant McCulloch Grant grew up on a 246 ha family farm in Glenavy. His folks are still farming today, running Coopworth ewes, breeding all own replacements and finishing all lambs. Grant is the fourth generation and his Great Grandfather applied for the farm in 1899 when the Waikakahi Estate was split into smaller farms. This was done under the Liberal Government of the time. Family farms and farm succession is a topic close to his heart.

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Grant attended Waitaki Boys High School in Oamaru and then on to Lincoln University where he completed a Bachelor of Commerce. He took up a graduate role at Staples Rodway, Accountants in Riccarton, where he completed financial accounts for mainly owner operator and small to medium size businesses, along with some auditing work. Whilst there he completed the practical experience and professional exams to gain the Chartered Accountant qualification. Grant started at R J Preston Ltd in May 2009 to obtain more exposure to farm accounting. Earlier this year received Certificate of Public Practice from the NZ Institute of Chartered Accountants, so can now offer accounting services to the public. Grant became a shareholder at R J Preston Ltd, effective 1 April 2012. Grant lives in Dunsandel with his partner, Anna, who is a teacher at Dorie Primary School.Grant looks forward to working alongside clients with a focus on improving profitability and production.

June 2012

A breakthrough for quad safety By Paul Campbell

A Kiwi businessman and inventor has won world-wide attention with a device to safeguard quad-bike riders from injury or death in rollover accidents. A flexible roll-bar mounted behind the bike seat can support tonnes of weight and is seen as a lifesaver in a country where quad-bike accidents, both on the farm and in recreation use, are responsible for a huge toll in injuries and fatalities. Mr Vernon Suckling, from Ag Tech Industries Ltd in Dargaville, Northland, has won the Golden Standard Award for

Innovation at the Mystery Creek Fieldays for his invention.

go there to look for new ideas,” said Mr Suckling.

The device attracted the attention of Prime Minister John Key at Mystery Creek, as well as from innovation scouts from around the world. It is protected by patents.

“I did not think of an award or anything. I was just looking to see it give others a chance in an accident.”

“I took the ATV Lifeguard as we have called it to Mystery Creek because a lot of people

He was inspired ATV Lifeguard crushing is the most cause of injury and quad bike accidents.

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Mystery Creek Fieldays, Golden standard Award for Innovation winner, Vernon suckling discussing his flexible quad-bike roll bar with Prime Minister John Key

“The segmented construction is a new innovation and has the ability to deflect around an object or person’s body, limbs or head on impact. It is protected with patent rights and is a world first. It is soft at the point of contact when deflected but increases in vertical strength. It cannot collapse and its strength is obtained by two fibre cables inside the nylon segments. “It will hold an upturned quad off the ground providing space underneath to help prevent the rider from being

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and Safety, Land Corp NZ and the ACC. Farmers of New Zealand operations director, Bill Guest, says the ATV Lifeguard will be “invaluable for farm and recreational safety.” He said that sheer numbers of quads around the world will ensure a market. “There are 60 million quad bikes across the United States alone.”

Above: Holding an upturned quad off the ground providing space underneath Below: A flexible roll-bar mounted behind the bike seat can support tonnes of weight

Statistics on quad bike accidents tell their own story. In 2011, 41 kiwi workers died and, of the deaths last year, 15 were in the agriculture industry — more than a third of all deaths. The majority of these deaths involved vehicles or machinery — four were quad bike accidents. The statistics reinforce the need for quad bike safety and the work being done to improve this. At the beginning of this year there was a flurry of media reports about quad bike accidents across the country — in that time there were at least 11 separate incidents involving 13 people — with an even split between those that were work-related on the farm and recreational accidents. The high number of people being injured on quad bikes prompted the Department and ACC to release a statement in January reminding riders of the dangers of not adhering to safety rules. Quad bike-related claims cost ACC approximately $8.6 million last year — with the emotional costs even higher.

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June 2012 It’s the top eight inches (of soil), my dad used to say, that keeps us alive. That at a time when the world’s population was around the three billion mark. It was a time after WW2 when we were trying to save starving Armenians, drought stricken Africans and flooded Indians.

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But well into the 21st Century things have changed dramatically. Starving Armenians are not starving so much anymore, but rather than several thousands of starving Africans and Indians there are several millions of starving Africans and Indians, plus some other so called emerging nation’s populace. Add another couple of billion more people to the planet and we are going to need two more planets to be able to feed, clothe and shelter them. Enter globalisation and market economics ardently adapted by nations of the developed world, including fast developing emerging nations, China and India for example, and we are about to launch into a quasi religion of sorts. It could be titled the almighty God of Growth. So get on yer knees captains of industry, politicians, CEOs, financiers, bankers, corporate directors, dictators and despots and pray for population increase, encourage

consumerism, exploitation of finite resources, expanding factories and processing plants, cities creeping over productive lands, dam the rivers, dig up the coal and various minerals, suck up the gas, pump up the crude and bugger the consequences. So where do we go from here? What of the future for our grandchildren, greatgrandchildren? What are we going to do with the wasteful by-products? According to the recent World Wildlife Fund we are rapidly heading to planetary death in a handcart. And our final demise. As my dad always said “It’s the top eight inches that keeps us alive, stupid”. That top 200mm of soil contains myriads of microbial life. It grows the food we eat. Likewise forests provide not only shelter, land stability, building materials and can be a source of renewable energy, it also absorbs the carbon dioxide belching from industrial smoke stacks and out of the exhausts of vehicles. Yet 13 million hectares of forest has been lost each year thanks to human activity during the last ten years according to the WWF. It reports that the global terrestrial index including birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles has declined 25% since 1970. Tropical terrestrial biodiversity declined by almost 45%. The frantic search for products

processed from natural resources has caused adverse changes in terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecological systems. Over exploitation of fisheries has changed whole ecological communities leading to near extinction of some species. The marine biodiversity index declined by more than 20% between 1970 and 2008 the WWF reports. Tropical species declined by around 60%. Freshwater ecosystems occupy about 1% of the earth’s surface yet are home to about 10% of all known animal species. At least 2.7 billion people live in river basins subject to severe water scarcity. The freshwater species index has experienced the biggest overall decline of 37% since 1970. The report says land use change, water use, infrastructure development, pollution and climate change are impinging on the health of rivers and lakes around the world. Apart from productive land being gobbled up by expanding cities more intensive land use and conversion of croplands and forests for biofuel production is accelerating biodiversity loss. With the current obsession of all things electronic, instant communication, information technology, the press-button urban based society is rapidly

losing the ability to get its hands good and dirty digging in a row of spuds. Something most hands-on farmers are still capable of doing. So the emphasis on the great god of Growth expounded by our leaders, big business and sundry economists is to expand the population, become a ‘big’ nation of 60 million people instead of a ‘tiny’ nation of just 4.5 million souls. More people buy more things, much of it unnecessary. Get more manufacturers to make more things, which give employment for the increasing numbers of people, to import other things we cannot do ourselves, helping to increase more debt and make fat profits for the banks and multinational corporates. So what is the optimum population size for Auckland, Christchurch, Timaru and Oamaru? Where does this all stop? Is ‘Growth’ finite? At what point does a government administration draw a line in the sand and say ‘we have enough population within these shores’ and allow the food and fibre people to get on with it, producing the goods on diminished areas of productive land while demand for food stocks to feed an overpopulated planet soars within the next few years. It’s all to do with the top eight inches, as the pater said in 1952.

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150 Days to 150th Show sunday 17 June marked the beginning of a 150 day countdown to the 150th Canterbury A&P show

year at showtime for the last 150 years” said Shiels. ‘When Country Comes to Town’ is due for release at the 2012 Canterbury A&P Show in November. Other merchandise released to celebrate the anniversary includes a Commemorative Whisky, distilled, blended and bottled in Scotland and a Commemorative Wool Tie. Association members will also have an opportunity to celebrate with a special anniversary event planned prior to the 2012 Show. “The focus of our celebrations is to recognise and reward those who have been loyal supporters of the association and the showing

of showing in Canterbury,” commented Lemon.

“The association — has

This year’s 150th Canterbury A&P Show will be held Wednesday 14 to Friday 16 November at Canterbury Agricultural Park in Christchurch. The Canterbury A&P Show is the largest A&P Show in the country attracting 100,000 people, close to 7000 livestock and feature competition entries and 600 trade exhibitors.

retained many of its historic show catalogues, books and self-published journals, and members of the A&P have delved into their family archives and delivered up memories and precious photos, carefully saved clippings and trophies as well as tall tales and true to contribute to the book, without which it would be merely a collection of data. The story of the Canterbury A&P Association is the story of the rural people of Canterbury, who have shared their successes, knowledge and bounty with the city people of this region every

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Initiatives to celebrate the 150th Anniversary include the release of a commemorative book charting the history of the Canterbury Agricultural and Pastoral Association and annual show. Freelance writer Rosa Shiels has been commissioned to write the book, combining oral histories and historical archives to tell the story of the association and the people who are an integral part of its history.

Plans for the 2012 Canterbury A&P Show include a 150th Anniversary Display which will be open to the public with items from the association’s archives as well as memorabilia collected from association members and past exhibitors. A commemorative plaque will also be unveiled during the show, signifying the milestone and acknowledging the support of the 150th Anniversary patrons. Livestock and equestrian sections are also planning special extended

schedules to celebrate the 150th show including re-enacting classes from earlier years. Special events are also planned including a History of Horses Display and a replica Traction Engine Trade Site from the early 1900s. Full details will be available closer to the event.

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2012 Canterbury Agricultural and Pastoral Association General Committee and a selection of past presidents

Newly elected Canterbury Agricultural and Pastoral Association President Richard Lemon will see the association into its 150th year. “With 149 Presidents before me I am humble to lead the association into such an important year. When the association celebrated its Centennial Show in 1962 it was heralded as a splendid finish to the first century of the association’s existence, without question the best show they ever had. I am confident that with the support of the region we can surpass this in 2012 and truly celebrate 150 years

movement over the years; enhance the pride of what has been achieved over the past 150 years whilst looking towards what will be achieved in the future” added Lemon.

June 2012

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NZWR uses two purely herbivorous and sterile species known as Grass Carp and Silver Carp. Grass Carp and are used for controlling a vast variety of pest aquatic weeds (both submergent and emergents) whilst Silver Carp are used as a biological filter that feed on toxic algaes. Both species are used nationally in lakes, rivers, farm dams and drains, ponds, storm-water, and recreational waterways where they can be contained. Grass Carp and Silver Carp are classified as a restricted fish, not a pest fish. This provision aims to ensure that they are not spread illegally. It in no way relates to the potential risk of

the species or implies that they are undesirable — in fact NZWR works alongside MAF Biosecurity whereby they use these fish to eradicate unwanted aquatic pest weeds. NZWR’s solutions are proven to be the most effective long term solution to waterway issues with the results published by the likes of NIWA and MAF. As part of tailoring solutions to your waterway, NZWR offers a free no-obligation site visit.If you are interested or would like some more information please contact us at 0800 699 283 / info@nzwaterways. co.nz / www.nzwaterways.co.nz

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June 2012

oak trees make life easy for deer by rob Cope Williams

Stanfield’s red deer stud, run by Clive Jermy, has found what must be considered the ideal home; Bangor Bangor is a stately property close to Darfield that was established by the Ward Brothers, nephews of The Viscount of Bangor from Castle Ward in Ireland who wanted to set up a country estate, but after a family disaster, the property was sold to George Holmes. He planted the hundreds of oak trees that still grow on the property. The trees were planted to recreate the feeling of a British farm. Along with a very impressive homestead he also ordered oak trees to be planted along the main trunk line as a supply for timber as sleepers if needed. Most remain today. The first owners were the Ward brothers, who built both the original homestead that was demolished and the present one, which they built over the ground floor of the original, providing a massive cellar. Clive winters many of his hinds under the historic oaks and says they provide the ideal shelter. Firstly they provide protection from the weather even without leaves, they reduce the cold winds and snow doesn’t seem to settle under them, plus they are a fabulous nutrient source as the hinds feed on the thousands of acorns that abound in the groves.

and stock is similar to a hand and a glove — both fit very well together. The trees are trimmed and fertilised — the deer have shelter and food. The Stanfield deer are very well worth looking after. With world record setting genetics, Clive is very strong on animal welfare. He says New Zealand now leads the world in red deer genetics due to our focus on the females, and the performance recording methods that ensure top stock can be used for breeding and that the best traits can be combined to create the world record setting animals. Red deer are not only in great demand as a commercial animal supplying venison and velvet, but the trophy market is now booming with people from all over the world coming to New Zealand to score heads unavailable anywhere else in the world.

Obviously once a stag has reached its autumn years, the heads are a huge attraction for hunters. They aren’t put out into paddocks; however, they are released into natural surroundings and spend their final years quietly enjoying living in a deer type stately fashion. It will come as no surprise that Clive is part of a new organisation to promote deer farming and develop the industry into a state where everyone will be able to benefit from the hard work that has already be done. He points out that as we are now leading the world

in red deer production, we should be cashing in on the benefits. However in the meantime Bangor and the Stanfield red deer stud can be considered one of the best examples of a deer park outside Britain. Relaxed animals existing in surroundings that are totally conducive to the stock

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Suffice to say that Stanfield’s Stud enjoy immensely the satisfaction of a sophisticated livestock enterprise combined with the pleasure that they get from such an amazing animal that responds so well to quality care and keep.

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He does admit that in the 30 or so years that he has farmed deer, he has never seen stock look so happy and relaxed. During the summer the trees offer shade and again it all comes down to his stock being relaxed and happy.

Clive says the quantum leap that has been made in velvet production over the past few years has meant commercial farmers have been able to double their incomes, and that is all down to breeding.

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June 2012

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WAter

June 2012

Keri Johnston, Queen of ponds by rob Cope Williams

Keri Johnston was very good at science and would have been able to follow the pathway of medicine or vet science with ease if she hadn’t had a loathing of blood, so when someone waved the engineering flag in front of her she was all ears Being a farm girl the thought of Natural Resources was an obvious choice. She hated the idea of a desk as much as her wish to avoid any career involving blood. Studying at the University of Canterbury, she was snapped up by Meridian Energy as soon as she was qualified and headed off to Manapouri and worked on the Number Two Tunnel. A daily one hour on a boat and a half hour in a four-wheel drive to get to and from work certainly wasn’t a desk job. At that point, her home was Deep Cove. Then came a job at Twizel working with dam safety. It was that job that caught her interest in dams and water storage. From there a job with E-Can, and the rest as the saying goes, is history. She continues to be based in Canterbury for two reasons, firstly that’s where she and her husband are farming (they have now settled in South Canterbury between Geraldine and Fairlie after a variety of other addresses) and Canterbury is miles ahead of other regions with respect to on-farm storage. Now running a household, farm and her own business,

Keri has designed and built 78 on-farm storage ponds and continues to expand that number by two or three ponds a month.

the size of the ponds. A few years ago a three to four hectare pond was common, now days they are about 20 hectares.

An interesting figure when you take into account that once they are completed she has to certify them once a year.

She says it’s a case of assessing the needs and working out land values versus the value of the water being stored.

For her though, onfarm storage is the only way Canterbury in particular and New Zealand in general, can be economic.

With ground water and river water being over allocation in Canterbury, E-Can is changing the regulations to make on-farm storage more attractive.

With the braided Canterbury rivers being subject to heavy flows caused by rain in the back country, harvesting that water and using it when the rivers are low makes perfect sense.

Keri says with E-Can’s backing, she expects more and more people to benefit from their own storage ponds, but massive farm sized projects also add to the overall scene.

Keri is adamant that the damming of rivers will never happen again due to pressure from a variety of people, so onfarm is really the only solution.

There are some huge projects being built at present including two on either side of the Rangitata. One will service on-farm ponds on the southern

From left: Mark Mulligan, a local farmer who has a number of water storage ponds, stands with Keri Johnston from Irricon resource solutions and Ian Morten, rangitata south Irrigation scheme

side of the river and will harvest ‘freshes’, store the water in a series of seven ponds and then release it for storage on farm ponds as required. The one off the northern bank is a farm that is being converted into three huge ponds to help support the RDR. Keri, ‘Queen of ponds’ has a busy future in front of her!

She says once she is given the go ahead a pond can be designed, built and filled in a matter of months.

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WAter

June 2012

Will complacency leave us thirsty? by Bruce Franks

It’s been called the World Cup hangover, as complacent All Blacks struggle to back up in 2012 Super 15, feeling the big job has been done. Is there a risk of the same behaviour by water consent holders who think they have compliance with tough new national standards under control? I have two words for you — Piri Weepu. Too many water consent holders are either ‘out of shape’ with the solution they have, or missing in action by not having a water measurement system in place at all. A third of existing solutions not working. Most regional councils have clearly signalled they intend to take a tough line on consent holders that do not have metering and logging solutions in place. Recognition has been made in some areas, like Canterbury, that it might be physically impossible to have all metering solutions in place by that time, but they are at least requiring consent holders to have contracted a solution provider by 30 June 2012. The other issue is the ‘Piri Weepu’ syndrome, those consent holders who have put a solution in place but it is yet up to scratch. The regulations specify that measurement must be at the point of the take, and measured daily. In many situations it will be

hard for consent holders to comply without a solution that includes telemetry. Rather than view the regulations as a nuisance, there is value in embracing the change to develop smart systems and processes around water and electricity consumption. For example, through the use of soil moisture sensors and water consumption information, farmers can make smarter decisions around when to irrigate, which saves electricity usage. This has ranged between 10% and 15% per annum in sites we have been involved with. Simply trying to stick in a water meter to meet the new regulations is not the way to approach this critical issue. Seeing it as an opportunity to improve the management of your enterprise is a better perspective, and one that is more likely to have your operation looking more like a SonnyBill than a Piri. www.managemywater.co.nz

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WAter

June 2012

Forecast — Canterbury

Like April, May was a settled month in Canterbury, with anticyclones being the dominant weather pattern over New Zealand, bringing long periods of clear skies and light winds Sunshine hours for the month were near normal about the coast, and above normal by 10-15% inland. Rainfall was well below normal over all of the region, with totals 50% of normal or less. About the eastern Plains totals were 20-30% of normal and approaching the driest May on record in some sites. Temperatures were a little colder than normal, with departures generally around — 0.5deg overall, but with night times further away from normal than day times.

is possible from later in spring. Here at Blue Skies we feel the outlook is still too uncertain to call.

The Southern Oscillation Index is near normal, trending a little towards the El Nino side. Other ENSO indicators are also neutral.

So long as the ENSO pattern trends away from La Nina towards El Nino we can expect to see weather systems around New Zealand to continue to be highly variable, with storms developing in the Tasman Sea and moving over the country, and ridges of high pressure angling to bring periods of easterly and southerly airflow over Canterbury. This was the pattern we anticipated some months ago when we predicted a colder and cloudier than usual winter for Canterbury, and it is what seems to be happening.

In the tropical Pacific there has been a slow, gradual, warming of ocean waters consistent with a possible tilt towards El Nino patterns. Most computer models have latched onto this trend and are predicting a weak El Nino to form before year’s end. However, not all parameters are pointing towards El Nino, and some crucial ocean current indicators are suggesting a return to La Nina patterns

At the time of writing in mid-June, we have experienced a very cold and stormy first half of the month, with mean temperatures well below normal, and significant precipitation in the form of snow. Sunshine hours are at nearly record low levels. The second half of the month should see some improvement, with temps becoming a little milder, but some further rain expected. Around

the end of the month and into the early part of July we expect to see a period of more westerly airflow, which should bring a few weeks of drier, sunnier conditions. However, we expect that mid to late July will bring another spell of unsettled weather patterns, with depressions frequently moving across New Zealand, and pressures relatively high in the south Tasman Sea and Southern Ocean, bringing regular periods of southerly airflow to Canterbury. Hence, we expect this period to return to markedly colder and wetter than normal weather,

with potential for further significant snowfalls. A further respite in late July may precede yet another spell of stormy and potentially colder than usual weather patterns in mid August. If the gentle warming of the tropical Pacific does peter out around September, with a cooling of waters around this time possibly signalling a return towards La Nina-ish patterns, then we may find September turns out to be a more westerly dominated month with fewer storms – an early spring perhaps.

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WAter

June 2012

Irrigation Issues Dr Tony Daveron

Irrigation – Why and for what return? May was dryish and with mild daytime temperatures, but irrigation – really. Other than a ‘car-wash’ is there any return? What a start to winter recharge of the groundwater system

Last month I wrote about how the base temperature for growth of 10°C at 9am had dropped below this for a fair bit of April. Furthermore, it was with some concern to observe irrigation irrigators running in early May. Sadly that was not the end of it. By the end of May there was more than the odd irrigator going – like this on May 31. I do shake my head a little when I see this in May even more when it is the last day of May – and it is a topic of lunch-time discussion in our office, particularly when we have measurements at hand to confirm irrigation is of little value. By the end of May the value of and any need for irrigation had long passed – soil moisture deficit was no longer the driving force for any crop growth. I wonder on what basis the decision to irrigate is made and whether the economic return is taken into account.The plot below of soil temperature under pasture shows what a waste

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of time, money and water any irrigation in the latter part of May in the hope of an increase in production would have been. • The vertical gridlines have been plotted at approximately 9am at 4-daily intervals. • There were just two days in May when the soil temperature was above 10°C at 9am – just two days, the 10th and 14th.• For the last 16 days of May the maximum soil temperature exceeded 10°C on just three days – just three days on 25th, 27th and 28th May, although on 25th it was above 10°C for just two hours. Note: Soil temperature at 10cm (▬) and the base temperature for growth (▬).

One could sum up all the degree-growing-hours above 10°C to estimate potential dry matter production – a grand total of 135 hours (about 5.5 degree growing days) above 10°C for May. • How much dry matter would that result in? • I recall some research carried out (a 2010 publication) that found over three seasons perennial ryegrass pasture production in autumn months averaged

about 2.2t/ha or about 0.7t/ha/month (given all months were equal). • Rough mathematics suggests maybe ‘tops’ about 100kgDM/ha could have been grown over the 5 odd degree growing days in May. • What would it have cost to irrigate in late May? For a mid-range depth bore the electricity cost could be around $1/mm. • So for those roto-rainers we saw irrigating (probably applying 50mm) each kgDM cost at least 50c in energy cost. Does that pay? I can hear some of you say: ‘here he goes again, on about soil temperature’ – but that ‘there was a response’ just a freshen up ‘car-wash’” or was there really an increase in dry matter production? I think the former.

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June 2012

A dog’s tail . . .

Sum accidents can just happen “Win is an accident not a accident Dog?” Yep, gidday, Billy BC back again and that kurly kwestion froma Boss is blimmin’ tipical. There we wuz goin’ rounda fince line cos ‘is fincer mate Craig reckins tha bulls bin crackin’ a few strainer posts eh! Thena Boss comes outa tha blue wiv that commint. I dunno, soi I kipt a bit quiet an’ soon Boss sat down under a totra an’ pulled outa thermiss ‘an sanwitches wot Sharlene, ‘is girlfren’ stuck ina box ona quad bike. “Spot ‘o lunch eh Dog.” He spected a sanwitch an peeled offa crusts.”Here ya go.” Not bad acherly. Pork sanwitches from their roast las’ nite an’ I cood taste it ina bred. Than Boss went back ta accidents. “Ya no that ACC mob in Willingtin gotta bluddy great next egg,” he sed. “Yeah. Bullyins of dollas. Bullyins. They supposed ta be pain’ out inshurince aginst accidents ya see Dog. I fall offa trackta maybe, or break a leg climin’ upa ladda, that ACC gotta come up wiv tha munny ta keep me going. But ya gotta wunda. Our mate Ray got covered by them win he crashed ‘is chopper wile he was sprayin’ me thissils and busted hisself up a bit. But then whadda bout me mate Mike? He wuz loadin’ sheep an this big ole ram took to ‘im.” I shuddid ta think of that. Hadda run-in wiv a few blimmin’ rams in my time, I can tell yer. “Anyway,” went ona Boss. “Ole mike hada get ‘is hip replaced a few munths lata. An’ wot dida ACC say?. His hip wus buggad before tha ram hit ‘im like a tunna briks. Mike hada fork out fer tha operation, even afta paying tens a thousands in levies ta tha ACC. Some bluddy insurance protektion that was eh?” Boss explaynd ta me about how ACC been stuffin’ up royally about sumethin’ or other about piracy, or priracy or sumthin. An a couple of blokes lost their jobs. “Yeah Dog, that Kurusher Kollins isa minista and she shore leaves things flattind in her wake eh?” Boss lost me about then, but orl this talk about accidints suddinly give me an idea I knows we workin’ dogs duzzint get ACC anyway, wither they gunna pay out or not these days. But lass week

I tole yer about the new sharemilkas, who got a nice groop of lady border collys. Now if I gotta day off froma farm werk, wile tha Boss maybe is ina pub in town, Sharlene is at skool techin’ ana sharemilkas is milkin’ I could maybe slip me colla an’ saunta down and have a visit wiv those girls. So wena Boss finished ‘is lunch an chucked a bit’o pork rind my way, I lept up and dived sideways thru tha fince and pretended ta catch me rear rite leg. Yer ya cood herd me ruckus ata pub. Boss had bit ova panick. “Better tie ya up win I go ta town this afternoon Dog. Giva ya a rest. If it duzzint get betta we betta see tha vet” Sure enuff, Boss went ta town, Sharlene still at skool, share milkas wuz milkin! Heh, Heh. Heh. — Billy

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Forestry

June 2012

Forestry Market Report Allan Laurie MNZIF Laurie Forestry Ltd

Can Boron control hieracium in the high country? OK, OK I know what you are thinking, ‘What fantastical thing is this guy claiming his magical element can do now!’ Well I would like to take the credit but I can't. Have a gander at the enclosed press cutting. As can be seen over 20 years ago trials were laid down in central Otago which showed that rates of 20kg/ Ha and more of boron could successfully control hieracium in the high country. I can remember thinking that this could really take off but like my trials enthusiasm sort of fizzled out. I suspect it was because, like me their trial used the granular sodium borate which really could not raise the soil boron levels for any longer than six weeks and anything over 30kg/ha would seriously knock most pasture species more so than the hieracium. However over three years ago I re-established this trial in the high country with hydroboracite, knowing that we can successfully apply high rates of this stuff which will raise the

soil boron levels without harming any plant species. I included rates of 80,100 and 120kg/ha which raised the soil boron levels from 0.4ppm to 0.8, 1.1 and 1.35ppm respectively.

radioed back to HQ to speak with the chief.

Hieracium numbers also were reduced after three years by 25, 48, and 83% respectively.

"I don't care if it is the mayor book him, no one can drive at that speed in my city and get away with it" replied the chief. “But he is more important than the mayor" replied the officer.

Admittedly the trial was not replicated by either application rate nor timing so further intensive trials are planned for this next spring. I'll keep you informed of the results. Joke Time: One day the Pope was getting driven around Rome when he tapped the driver on the shoulder and told him to pull over. After the limo had stopped the Pope suggested to the driver that they should swap places as he wanted to have a go at driving his new vehicle. The chauffeur was very reluctant but the Pope persuaded the chauffeur to swap seats as he only wanted a quick spin around the block. However once the Pope got behind the wheel he floored it, reaching speeds over 200km/ hr. In no time he was being pulled over by a traffic cop. But once he saw who was driving he

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"Chief" said the officer, “I have just pulled over a limo doing 200km/hr but it belongs to a very important person.”

"Is it the senator then?" asked the chief. "More important than that" replied the officer. "Cripes it's not the Prime Minister is it?" replied the chief. "Nope, even more important" replied the officer. Now the chief was getting completely confused. "Who is more important than the PM?" replied the chief. "I think it’s God" replied the officer. By now the chief is pulling out his hair with worry. "Why on earth do you think it’s God" asked the chief after popping a couple of asprin?" Because the Pope is his chauffeur" replied the officer.

Over the last month export log prices have improved as a direct consequence of the very welcome drop on the US$/NZ$ exchange rate. For China we have also seen an improvement in CIF settlements whilst in India a flood of vessels in May/June has seen prices come under downward pressure For those selling in to China overall lifts at the wharf gate have been in the order of NZ$7 – 8 per cubic metre for June sale. This would typically mean a 15 – 20% lift in royalty for your average woodlot or forest. A recent visit to sawmill owners in Canterbury has been a sobering experience with most still pretty ambivalent about

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their medium term sales and prospects. Some are seeing some small price improvements from their exports but certainly nothing to get excited about. All are reporting a good demand for house framing and exterior timbers but there appears little hope of getting some price build yet. The recent closure of a substantial sawmill in the Waikato has sent reverberations around the timber industry, particularly given that the same sawmill was regarded as a top rate operation. The ongoing loss of on-shore processing capacity is alarming to say the least. Some have expressed an air of inevitability over the declining NZ local sawmill industry with few viewing the long term prospects positively. Maybe declining lumber availability will see a very long awaited improvement in prices, particularly if the Christchurch rebuild can add some demand profile. Regrettably the continuing competition from steel framing is proving to be a real thorn in the side of forest growers. In steel we have a product that does not pay a fraction of its true environmental cost of production whilst it also consumes vast amounts of energy to produce. This is definitely not a level playing field. Shipping has been an ongoing challenge over the last 6 weeks. Vessel availability in the dry bulk sector has generally improved and costs have levelled off — even a small decline is expected for June and July sailings. The Handy Class segment has definitely come in to a better state of balance since May. However, stress levels are definitely up there with ship owners not wanting to settle pricing until you can just about see the funnel smoke coming over the horizon. Lumber

exporters

are

reporting a general increase in container costs and availability has been an issue in recent weeks. Australia continues to be a preferred destination although most are reporting this market is difficult at best. But for a favourable exchange rate, this market would definitely be in the can as demand is weak as Australian consumers appear to have put their new house plans on hold for the moment. Of the future, we do not see great change. There could be a little build on price in the China log market but this could just as easily be soaked up by shipping and or FOREX. China inventory levels for softwood logs remain stubbornly around 2.6 – 2.8 million cubic metres, with consumption running at around the 1.3 – 1.4 million cubic metres per month. This is just slightly ahead of the NZ domestic sawmill consumption which is running around the .8 — .9 mil per month mark. Meanwhile we do expect to see consumption rates in China decline as the election of a new leader nears. We also anticipate Canadian lumber exports will decline as real problems emerge over the Bark Beetle harvest and we are also seeing some improvement in US new house start statistics. This should see Douglas fir and Western Hemlock log sales to China decline. Overall we are still saying it will be a year of ho-humish market behaviour with longer term indicators remaining positive. Thus it is has never been more timely to remember the only way forward for climate, country and the planet is to get out there and plant more trees... please!

All you need to know

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FARM FORESTRY

• Woodlot establishment • Aerial pre plant & release application • Aerial boron application • Boron supplies • Herbicide supplies

Andy McCord Resident forestry writer (and joke teller) for Canterbury Farming

Technical Forest Services Ltd 30 Pentecost Road Rangiora e-mail andymccord@xtra.co.nz web site www.techforest.co.nz

Office 03 313 4153 Andy 027 224 3271 Sammi 027 282 7580

June 2012

a small block and leave the farming to the next generation. Hard to do I am told as the retired parents are still handy as a free labour unit.

Rob Cope-Williams gets ...

Farm Succession The current murder trial involving a dairy farm in the North Island is highlighting the emotional and complex situation when it comes to farm succession. Two brothers-in-law at total odds with each other over who was pulling their weight and who wasn’t resulting in deadly results While that is extreme, the underlying concern is still there in many families. I am, in hindsight, very glad that I didn’t follow my family onto the land, and that when later in life there was a suggestion that I could work with my brother on his Australian operation, I turned it down. It seems a very rare thing to have a couple of generations working together in harmony and even more so when brothers are able to maintain a balance.

Stir in an outsider and it can get very confusing. The operations that do seem to work very well is when the principal people take on very different roles. For example the father still runs the stud and the son runs the farming side. A structure similar to any business where there are department heads who work in their own areas and report to a central point or ‘board’ When there’s more than one aspect that is easy. Not so when it is just one operation producing

Perhaps we could learn from the urban If business model. someone retires from a company they go. Perhaps invited back for a Christmas function, but after drinks and possibly a dinner to mark their lifetime of service, they have gone. Sure they will socialise with those who remain

wants to work ‘for “Nothe father boy’ and no son in his right

mind would want to be in a position where he ends up having an argument because his father doesn’t want to do a certain job, or there’s a problem over methods

All I can say is I am very happy that the problem didn’t happen in

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whatever it produces. No father wants to work ‘for the boy’ and no son in his right mind would want to be in a position where he ends up having an argument because his father doesn’t want to do a certain job, or there’s a problem over methods. What is the solution? There isn’t one as each situation is different and personal to those involved, but the successful handovers that I have seen involve a total handover. As in the parents head off and do their own thing on

ifferen

gad buildin

”

my family, and suggest to all others who do have a problem, either real or perceived, that God gave us two ears and one mouth for a very good reason.

and will obviously take an interest, but they have gone.

…

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June 2012 means total worm counts from slaughtered deer is the only satisfactory means we have at present to determine worm burdens. A slaughter trial to determine drench resistant status will cost upwards of $10,000 for any one farm. Probably less than a dozen deer farms throughout New Zealand will have done this!!

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Drench Resistance in deer — what’s the big deal? “I haven’t got any drench resistance on my farm. I’m happy with the results I’m getting with Pour On. No need to worry.” All too common a response from deer farmers. Maybe he’s right? How does he know? Parasitism has always been the major animal health issue of farmed deer. However it has not attracted the research it deserves in the past. Now the deer industry faces a major dilemma controlling parasites on farm. There are many management practices that need to be in place on farm to help control parasitism but underpinning all these is the need to have an effective drench. Every year in New Zealand millions of dollars are spent on drench to control parasitism in deer. The reality now is that some of these millions are spent using drenches that do not kill parasites and in fact encourage more resistant parasites to survive. Research out of Invermay in the early 1990s indicated optimal efﬁcacy of Cydectin (moxidectin) Pour On against lungworm and gastrointestinal (GI) worms in deer. Further it

was shown to have persistant activity for 42days. This was a revelation at the time and so for the last two decades Cydectin Pour On has been the #1 drench used on deer farms. The downside to this approach ﬁrst surfaced in 2005 where a trial at Massey revealed an 82.5% kill of immature Ostertagia-type worms with Moxidectin Pour On. Trials in Southland in 2010 identiﬁed a farm where Moxidectin Pour On had a zero % kill on immature Ostertagia-types ie Pour On drench was as effective as water. Anecdotal farmer concerns re drench resistance have escalated in recent years. Last year on Landcorp’s Mararoa Station a further trial compared the effectiveness of Moxidectin Injection v’s Oral v’s Pour On plus another group treated with Genesis (abamectin) Injection. The result was another farm with Moxidectin Pour On resistance but also Genesis injection resistance. In this same trial blood samples were taken to measure the blood levels of Moxidectin based on the application method. These blood levels would

have been the same two decades ago had they been measured then. Back then the very modest level of Moxidectin with Pour On was completely adequate to kill Oster-type worms. Over time a tolerance or resistance has developed and higher levels are required. Ongoing use of Moxidectin Pour On (or any of the less potent Pour Ons in the same ‘mectin’ family) will continue to make the situation worse.

The most common farmer evaluation of drench effectiveness is the ‘eyeometer’. An invaluable tool but deceptive in this instance. I have seen deer from a farm that had less than 20% kill with Cydectin Pour On (a serious resistance issue) but they were hanging up prime 60kg carcasses in

October. No evident scouring in the mob either. Had they not been harbouring the 40,000+ parasites they were then one could only speculate how much sooner they would have reached target slaughter weights. From the little published trial work of drench resistance on New Zealand deer farms we clearly have a problem. Our history of drench use would

mean it would be very naïve to think the issue was not widespread. Ongoing use of Pour On is clearly going to exacerbate the situation. Furthermore it would be stupid not to take the lessons from the sheep industry — using combination drenches will put off resistance developing and extend the life of the drench families you use.

Roaring mad about Johne’s disease in your deer?

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Pour Ons should not be used on deer. The only drench we have trialled and proved to be effective on a resistant farm was a combination = Cydectin Injection + oral Scanda (white + clear). Cydectin Injection on its own, Cydectin LA (long acting) and Startect all failed to achieve satisfactory worm kills. So let’s go back to our farmer. How does one know the drench resistance status of his/ her farm? Unfortunately in deer faecal egg counts (FEC) are very unreliable. Deer can have high numbers of adult worms in their gut but low or zero egg output. This unfortunately

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June 2012

Jeep Wrangler Rubicon and Suzuki Jimny Sierra This month I though it was time to play and I’ve driven two very likeable and alike vehicles While at ﬁrst glance at the specs they might appear hugely different, and pricewise one is a third of the other they do largely the same job and therefore appeal to the same market. Both vehicles have an enviable heritage in the 4WD area, the Jeep stretching back 70 years to the famous Willys of WW2 and Suzuki celebrating 40

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COUNTRY MOTORING Small it may be, though in this comparison it tackled and completed all the tasks we threw at it except a steep, very steep in fact, hill climb from a standing start. The road tyres let it down without the momentum or weight to crest the hill. However it did climb a sticky wet bank the Jeep just wouldn’t.

Suzuki Jimny Sierra makes no roads, no problem

of the dash area. Strange that is till you work out that the roof rear windows and all the doors are removable and the windscreen folds forward. I’ve seen a Wrangler ‘undressed’ and it really makes it a fun vehicle. It takes around 45 mins and two people to do and as the photo showed the snow made the exercise somewhat futile, though nice to know you could! Cruising smooth motorway is ﬁne at the legal limit, though if the roads are less than perfect or unsealed the corrugations are felt by the Jeep. It has a somewhat jittery ride

that is better than the earlier models, but only just. While it will tow 2000kg braked in reality even with the seats folded down the cargo carrying is a little restricted even for two and taking a long trip with a heavy trailer is best left to other models in the range particularly the ‘Grand’ mentioned earlier.

“The Rubicon is a very competent and safe off roader and its limits are way above what it will normally be asked to do”

Overall I liked the funness, if that’s a word, of the Wrangler. If I was younger and single it would be a great truck to use as a daily drive and be able to get into the backblocks and back again. At a mid-$50k price point puts it into the same category and good company with the Landcruiser FJ. Suzuki Jimny; I drove the Sierra version of the Jimny that adds ABS air conditioning and electric windows along with alloy wheels for an extra $3000 over the standard $19,990 asked for the diminutive off roader.

The beam axeled Jimny is the product of both competition and commerce and despite its 1300 cc capacity and 1040kg weight will carry an additional 400kg and tow 750kgs. A true four-seater it is easy to access and alight from with a sliding tipping motion from the front passenger seat. Once in place the two rear seats are tight on leg room if the front seats are pushed all the way back though with some compromise with them, the back will comfortably hold two adults or two children with ease and safety. I liked the push button selection for 4WD or 4WD low ratio. Easy to use and with the electromechanicals doing their thing quickly allows 4WD

June 2012

selection on the move if the going gets tricky. Low requires a complete stop. On the road the power steered Jimny is remarkably quiet and easy to push along at the legal limit with 100km/hr coming up in just 13.2 seconds from the 5-speed manual. An auto 4-speed is an extra $2500. As with most short wheelbased 4WD’s the ride was choppy with only one aboard though softened up with three and some gear. I have driven several versions of the Jimny over the years and it adapts well to converting to a ﬂat deck, with the back removed and a solid partition behind the front seats and a square 1.5metre deck. I’ve also seen the same partition

on an unmodiﬁed body with the rear area deckled out in checkerboard alloy for dogs or gear in a fully lockable unit. In both cases more aggressive tyres were ﬁtted along with a lift kit giving an extra 65mm over the standard 190mm. As the approach/departure is 37/46 degrees this makes for a very competent truck on the farm going where most quads would take you in comfort with safety and the midday news available on the standard radio CD. Both these vehicles are as good as they come straight out of the box and can be optioned up to be even better.

Specs

Wrangler

Jimny

Engine

V6 cylinder 3.6litre

4 cylinder 1328cc

Power

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63kw’s @ 6000rpm

Torque

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110Nm @ 4100rpm

Ap/dep.ang

38/31

37/46

0-100km/hr

10.5

13.2

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7.2 l/100km

Price

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$22, 990 5 sp Man

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June 2012

Christchurch Riding for Disabled Christchurch Riding for Disabled is one of 56 groups operating throughout New Zealand The group is a voluntary organisation which raises its own funds, trains volunteers and provides therapeutic riding sessions for people with disabilities. No government funding is provided so the group relies on funding grants and donations to supplement the income provided by hiring the centre outside of RDA hours. This, with a dedicated pool of volunteers to assist both in the riding sessions and with the committee means that the group is able to heavily subsidise the riding sessions and keep fees to a minimum. It is this level of commitment and dedication that saw the group progress from humble beginnings at Yaldhurst Road to the purpose built, international standard indoor equestrian centre located at the Canterbury Agricultural Park in 2004. With this wonderful facility Christchurch

RDA is able to provide group sessions that combine therapy, education, sport and recreation. Individual sessions range from special needs school groups through to rehabilitation and para– equestrian groups. The disability and ﬁtness of the rider determines how long each rider spends on the horse and the hour long sessions include learning horse care skills such as grooming and leading. Ultimately the group aims to develop conﬁdence and independence in sessions tailored to the individuals abilities in a stimulating, safe environment. All of this whilst maintaining a close relationship with caregivers, education and health professionals ensures the riders are getting the best possible outcome and the group itself can continue to enhance and improve the service it provides for its riders.

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June 2012

Messages from the past NICK’S PET FOOD LTD For all your unwanted animals, cattle, sheep, calves, horses

by Lome Kuehn

The farmhouse that I inhabit had been home to four generations of the previous owner’s family. It is a large two-storey house that was built about 1890 or earlier. The first owner was a man of substantial means and influence in the district who lived and conducted himself as would a squire in the English gentry The house was endowed with tennis courts, a cricket pitch nearby over the fence as well as an oval racetrack in the closest paddock. Several of the more distant ﬁelds served as the local golf course for the district. There are still remnants of golf seats at tee-off points along the fence line. Plowing inevitably turns up golf balls and golf tees. This gentleman was also given to leaving written notes to posterity. One of the upper bedrooms has a wall on which he wrote (in pencil) of family occasions, trips to Melbourne, and the visits of various important visitors to the farm in the early 1900s. One sad note describes the arrival at the farm of a dead man slumped on his horsedrawn dray, having expired on the journey back from a distant pub. I have not removed these notes from the bedroom wall while renovating the house. They are an important reminder of the early house and farm history. Poignant as these messages are, they are clearly visible and meant to be read by the house occupants. Indeed, on the concrete pillars at the front door, visitors were encouraged to write their names and dates of visiting. These pillars serve as a guest book of the house. The number of signatures total several hundred and date back well over a century. I was therefore quite surprised to ﬁnd recently a

hidden long message from this gentleman written on the inside of a double wall of an outdoor toilet in the garden. This comfort station was solidly built and has stood for over a century. It contains a serviceable working ﬂush toilet and was useful for workers in the garden to clean up before entering the house.

sorrowful “The note states that she had been loved by all the boys but that the writer had loved her the most of all

”

One of the outside walls had deteriorated and I decided to remove it and replace it with another. On taking the outer boards off, I found that there were notes written on the interior side that were hidden by a second inner wall of the structure. These all related to one incident, that of the death and burial of a woman who had been married in 1910 but buried on September II, 1928, having just been divorced and dying one week later (presumably of suicide).

Phone Nick Mobile: 027 210 1621 03 349 6587 14B Gerald Connolly Place, Hornby 8042

all. Her death was stated as being due to “a broken heart and a spurned imagination”. The writer himself has been dead for about seventy years and lies in a nearby church graveyard. He obviously intended that this hidden message not be revealed in his lifetime but only much later on the destruction of the toilet structure. It was important to him that he wrote of his sadness but the construction of the inner wall ensured that the message lay hidden for many decades until I found it. Perhaps he didn’t wish any of his close relatives or friends, who might have known the woman involved, to be made aware of his true feelings on the matter. However, he wanted them recognised at some later time. It all makes for a rather sad and piquant love story. Because of possible sensitivities that may still remain, I have not made any direct reference to any of the personalities involved and intend that this remain the situation.

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DAIRY

June 2012

Hoof Print With Fred Hoekstra

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How do you handle your cows individually? Can you restrain your cow so that she is comfortable and you are safe? This still seems to be an issue on dairy farms. I went to a farm a little while ago to trim some cows. For some reason the farmer had started doing some cows before I got there. When I turned up he came out and greeted me and helped me set up. There was a cow lying down in the vet race. She had gone down as the farmer was trimming her feet. She was still down by the time I left and as far as I know she never got up again. This is not uncommon and I would like to raise this topic to help you avoid such accidents. There is a right way and a wrong way to restrain cows. When a cow is being restrained

there are some principles that always apply: 1. The cow needs to be comfortable 2. The operator needs to be safe at all times 3. The operator needs to be in control at all times. Today I am only able to cover the ﬁrst point. If the cow is not comfortable she will be a lot more unsettled. This seems common sense but is something that is often overlooked. Consider the surface the cow is standing on. Obviously a slippery surface is not ideal, but an equally or maybe even more important point is that the cow must be standing on a ﬂat,

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Purpose-built hoof trimming crushes have belly straps to support the cow when she loses her grip and falls over. An added beneﬁt of this belly strap is that it calms the cow down. Cows relax when you put pressure on their belly. That is why you always see a cow hanging in a sling rather than standing up. Some well known crushes in NZ have two belly straps — one under the brisket and one just in front of the udder. The brisket strap is the best option, because if a cow sits down on the second strap she will be very uncomfortable as there is no rib cage there to

support her and all the pressure will go straight onto the gut. Cows tend to kick at it, but will not stand up to release the pressure. Another thing I would like to mention is the fact that most people like to have a leg tied up just above the claw against a bar. It makes the leg sit more rigid but should the cow should go down for whatever reason, there is a very high risk of injuries, such as broken legs or dislocated hips — this is what happened to the cow I mentioned earlier. Lifting from the hock is much more comfortable for the cow, and because she can still lean on the raised leg there is minimal risk of injury. Please call us on 0800 833463, if you would like further information on this issue.

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DAIRY

June 2012

Creating a great team culture will create a great team — but you’ve all gotta be on the same page! by Eric Jacomb For 25 years I have been tramping and mountaineering with a group of mates, had some fantastic trips, usually achieving the goals we set ourselves. If not, we’ll return and succeed the next time! We did a relatively straightforward trip a few years ago, in which a new guy joined the group. Because he was quite experienced, and the trip wasn’t hard, we didn’t communicate our expectations and ‘rules’. The weather was ghastly, so we set a cracking pace over the first pass, and I tried to prove myself by going as fast as the new guy. Consequently, I slowed down, got behind and had my first decent fall (in 30 years) in the mountains — going down the pass on the other side. Of course, no one saw me! Embarrassed and bruised, I caught up to two of the others, waiting in the lee of a rock. They advised me that new guy had not stopped. He’d just kept going, so two of the team had headed on to find better shelter and hopefully catch up to the new guy. We caught up to the other two, waiting for us beside the river. They said the new guy

was on the true right of the river. However, our route was on the true left. Apparently the new guy had not listened, and just carried on! Considerable swearing occurred, because he could have crossed safely at this point, but the river was rising. Another hour downriver, we caught up to the new guy, with a raging torrent between us. Communication was difficult (sign language was used). We were able to wrap a survival bag up with a rock so we could throw it across the river. We had a wet night. We were pretty concerned and annoyed about what had occurred with the new guy, because we were not confident that he could safely cross the flooded creeks (on the true right of the river) before he got to a bridge further down. In the end it all turned out fine. But despite the new guy being good company, he was not invited again on any other trips. In dairying, there are some useful messages we can take from this analogy. First, proper communication: Avoid assuming that because someone is experienced they’ll

know what the expectations are, together with any specific ‘team rules’. A farm policy document, laying out expectations and team rules, pinned up on the cowshed wall will help embed the owner’s expectations of staff. This will make a useful reference point if things go awry. A formal induction period is helpful. And it’s just good business because that way you’ll cover all bases. Getting the manager and new team member to sign off on each area that is covered during induction will also be of benefit to all, and can act as a good riskreduction strategy. Competitive behaviour within a team can potentially cause significant problems. Staff need to be mindful a ‘whole team result’ is what really counts toward ultimate success of any business.

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If you’re reading this Then so are your customers To advertise in the Canterbury Farming please call 03 347 2314 or email sales@canfarm.co.nz

ACCUTEMP is a member of NZ Climate Controls Companies Association (CCCA) and NZ Electrical Contractors Association (ECANZ) Owner operator, Allan Scales, is a qualified refrigeration engineer and has over 15 years’ experience in the dairy industry including designing and servicing dairy farms throughout North, Mid and South Canterbury to industrial refrigeration at Fonterra’s milk processing plant at Clandeboye. From a farming background Allan recognises the importance for farmers to have a reliable and capable cooling system. “Dairy refrigeration units should be reliable — the last thing farmers need at the end of afternoon milking is the worry of a breakdown. “Should this occur farmers can be reassured ACCUTEMP will respond immediately with a fully equipped service vehicle to rectify the problem.” ACCUTEMP will tailor cooling applications for each farm’s individual requirements. As regulations tighten farmers must consider all options available when designing or upgrading their sheds. Chilled water and Glycol systems may be a requirement in the future although for now, unless it is absolutely necessary, (due to inefficient water pre-cooling) may be an unnecessary capital expense. For those farmers who schedule annual maintenance with ACCUTEMP, they can also be reassured that it is our goal to prevent breakdowns and we take on the responsibility for these assets to remain reliable and chill your milk down within Fonterra’s requirements. ACCUTEMP’S reputation is based upon pro-active prevention rather than reactive repairs. For those farmers who have supported ACCUTEMP over the last eight years we value and appreciate your business and wish you all the best throughout 2012. Please call Allan Scales 03 310 3128 or 027 278 1854.

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DAIRY

June 2012

Soil Matters — with Peter Burton

Reducing the workload in spring There is a school of thought that dolomite should not be applied in situations where soil calcium levels are near ideal because dolomite as well as containing 11.5% magnesium also contains 24% calcium In theory that appears sound, however the reality is quite different. In situations where soils have been limed this autumn it is almost inevitable that plant available magnesium levels will have declined. In this situation dolomite still remains the most effective magnesium fertiliser available. Scientiﬁc studies at Massey University show the release of magnesium from dolomite at the end of twelve month to be signiﬁcantly greater than magnesium from unreacted serpentine. The other more soluble magnesium products, calcined magnesite (MgO) and Kieserite (MgSO4) are likely to lift plant available magnesium levels in a short period after

In our twenty years of our work with farmers dolomite applied at 220 -250kg/ha has always lifted magnesium levels in pasture plants sufﬁciently to ensure that when animals are well fed on a balanced diet and the rumen is functioning

efﬁciently few suffer severe calcium/magnesium related metabolic problems in spring. When dolomite is applied at 250kg/ha, 60kg/ha of calcium is applied. Being in the carbonate form the release rate is steady, with plant tissue calcium levels in rye dominated pastures constant at around 0.60% with magnesium levels rising to between 0.22 and 0.25%.

When soils are well structured and biologically active there is an ongoing demand for calcium. Calcium is a major constituent of milk and bone, so whether the primary requirement is milk production or growth the calcium provided is beneﬁcial in maintaining calcium availability. The key to optimum performance is the balance between calcium and

When soil temperatures are low the release of both calcium and magnesium is sufﬁcient to

meet plant requirements, with lifting growth rates due to increasing soil temperatures in spring the rate of release of both calcium and magnesium increases accordingly. If the aim is to maximise pasture and animal performance this coming season without time spent treating cows down with calcium/magnesium related disorders, dolomite remains the most effective product available. Its local, it’s immediately available, and provides protection for at least twelve months. As the late Prof Walker wrote “… individual farmers will have to make their own calculations, but in my view dolomite is the ideal material to use on acid soils low in magnesium…” For more information phone Peter or Coralie on 0800 436 566.

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Phosphorus is an essential element in animal nutrition and magnesium acts as a carrier for phosphorus. Again dolomite helps ensure a balance of required major elements essential for optimum pasture growth and animal performance. Keeping a constant ratio of minerals in pasture is an essential part of ensuring optimum animal health and performance. Because dolomite is a carbonate the release rate follows the natural increase of pasture growth in spring.

application, however due to their solubility, they are also prone to more rapid leaching. If the purpose of applying magnesium fertiliser is to minimise and eventually eliminate calcium/magnesium related magnesium disorders, particularly in dairy cows just prior to calving and in the three months of peak lactation after calving, dolomite is the most effective magnesium fertiliser available.

magnesium. Prior to calving the requirement for calcium is less than when milking. In dolomite treated pastures the demand for more calcium after calving is often met by the increasing percentage of clover in the sward.

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DAIRY

June 2012

Not just a chemical dump Over the years I have studied many soil tests as a result of farmers looking for answers to what is going on in their soil Soils are not all about the chemicals that they contain, although if you look at a soil test from some companies you would think so. The typical soil test shows the pH, the Olsen P, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium, plus sulphur if you are lucky. To my way of thinking there is

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a lot more to soils than six elements. So what do we look for? The ﬁrst aspect of the soil test is type. What type of soil are we dealing with? To start ﬁnding this out, look for the CEC levels. That will give an indication of the ability of the soil to hold the four major cations which are calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. For the soil to hold these elements it needs organic matter. The higher the CEC the more organic matter there will be in the soil. For example, a peat soil may have a CEC of 50 plus, while a sandy or silt loam soil may have a CEC as low as 9. Sand can be even lower. All this has been documented by William A Albrecht (1888 — 1974 PhD Chairman of the Department

of Soils at the University of Missouri). Dr Albrecht was the foremost authority on the relation of soil fertility. He saw a direct link between soil quality, food quality and human health. He came to the conclusion that the ideal balance of cations in the soil was H 10%, Ca 60-75%, Mg 10-20%, K 2-5%, Na 0.5 — 5% and other cations 5%. All this information can be found in the base saturation. Information on these can often be found in the small print on the back page of most soil tests, but the larger fertiliser companies will not point this out and there is no reference to it on most commonly used fertility programmes such as the overseer programme. The next test to consider is the volume weight. This is a test that is an indicator of the weight of the soil. A cubic metre of soil dried out will weigh +/- a tonne. Peat will have a volume weight of 0.5 or 500kg and clay or sand will probably weigh over 1000kg,

giving a volume weight of 1.0. Good loam soil will be +/- 0.75. Now we have some idea of how much and how often the various P.K.S.Ca.Mg.Na fertilisers need to be applied. If this principle is adhered to then the levels of fertiliser run off and associated pollution will be very much limited. This winter while contemplating fertiliser programmes for the coming season, give a thought to the information provided. Be aware that there are two options in front of you. One is to carry on doing what you have always done, putting on expensive fertiliser that will possibly leach out and giving you limited return, or take the second option and look at the holding capacity of the soil and make the change for good. It will cost less and give a better return. If your advisor hasn’t talked to you regarding this, ﬁnd someone who can help you and give us a call.

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DAIRY

June 2012

Garlic Time

by Dr Tim Jenkins

Mid-winter is the traditional planting time for garlic. Later planting is recommended though (see below) and brings the benefit of waiting for good soil conditions and a shorter time in crop which gives weeds less of a chance to establish in the crop

It makes sense in our selenium deﬁcient soils to be boosting selenium levels in some of our strategic crops. If certiﬁed organic, permission is required to use selenium as a restricted input — this can usually be achieved through referring to a soil test level which is a moderate extra cost available with many standard soil tests. A soil test level of 0.5 ppm or less is internationally recognised as low with some Canterbury soils showing up as just 0.1 and 0.2 ppm — others at more like 0.5 to 0.6 ppm More recently it has been shown that soil biology and mycorrhizal fungi in

association with the plant roots can boost selenium uptake and the level of valuable selenium compounds in the cloves. Good soil organic matter levels are helpful for this as is attention to minimising cultivation and not following garlic after an extended period of brassicas (which don’t host the beneﬁcial mycorrhizal fungi). The good news is that the traditional mid-winter planting time for garlic does not have to be adhered to. In fact for almost all varieties grown now, better results and quality of garlic can be achieved by waiting a while and planting in late July or into August (the exception is some old US varieties that require a winter chill). Spring planting helps the garlic escape some

of the worst of the frosts and the time to maturity is faster meaning January is still the projected main harvest time. Less time in the ﬁeld for this weed prone crop is also a good thing for organic reduced spray production. Some northern

More is now “understood of the

health giving properties of garlic with special attention being given to the antioxidant selenium compounds

Tips for growing include selecting just the largest cloves for planting (ideally only removing them from the bulb on planting day), soaking them for a half hour, and then planting upright with the tops around 1cm below the surface. The

‘seed’ clove source is important — supermarket bulbs will have been treated (eg heat treatment) to make them dormant and people should be conscious that garlic tends to lose vigour over generations through virus infection so plant seed from a reliable source or at least from plants that have demonstrated excellent vigour (and check that they have been free from aphid attack — the main vector of the problem viruses).

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More is now understood of the health giving properties of garlic with special attention being given to the antioxidant selenium compounds (such as γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine and γ-glutamylSe-methyl-selenomethionine) within the plant. There is also improved understanding of ways in which selenium uptake can be improved to give further selenium enriched garlic (which has been proven to be even healthier) garlic). If you’re farm based, selenium fertiliser (mostly available as prills for livestock farming applied at say 1kg per hectare — sticking to small amounts is important, selenium is easy to over-do) is a great idea in most New Zealand soils to increase the selenium health value of the garlic even though it typically won’t boost actual weight of the bulbs. Match this with some sulphur fertiliser to provide one of the

other essential elements for these and other health-giving compounds in the garlic

TR Y

Garlic is one of the oldest crops, recognised for its culinary and medicinal value since ancient Egyptian times. In the last half of the 20th century, consumption worldwide has increased markedly and increased around 50% more from 2000 to 2010. About ¾ of the world’s production is from China with India and South Korea also massive exporters to a world that has recognised the health beneﬁts that garlic consumption brought to the garlic munching cultures of the world.

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DAIRY

June 2012

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fix the things that are causing some grief around the Dairy. Before you upgrade to new Milfos cup removers or a Milfos Variable Drive Vacuum System it would be sensible to evaluate things that could impact on your proposed upgrade. Sparkies generally do a great job, however, we regularly come across wiring of all sorts that has been installed incorrectly. For instance we see the right cable used on say, a milk pump controller, but still Your with Service Providers are interference buy a short solution and that will bundled everything else so it creates withterm the controller all busy servicing, installing andyou not bingo, a slightly crazy controller. Unless know to look for itYou can don’t be a painful bewhat upgradable. know process to find it looks like a faulty controller. upgrading inasthe traditional rush. what the future will bring but I can This is important for allcan sorts sometimes of systems from controllers to cup removers Routine servicing tellpulsation you it will be better than what is and the more sophisticated the system the more careful you have to be. We take a bit of a back seat to installs available today, and you will want recommend keeping data cables as far away from power as possible. and breakdowns; however some to have it! We have all heard about stray voltage, yes it does exist and can cause all sorts of the work like machine tests etc The National Fieldays 2012 are of issues, we have found a major source is the cable and terminations between can be drives done and anyMotors. time throughout Variable beginning to take shape and there the year in an orderly programmed There is a lot of documentation supplied with variable drives with regard the year will be more things to seetothis manner. cable to be used and metal glands for terminations etc, these are minimums and a than ever. good will considering follow manufacturer’s It’sSparky worth movingrecommendations or better. If in doubt You’ll find Milfos at the same site get it checked. routine work to quieter periods; as deal, last year - F74theand F76. Come Don’tService forget theProvider effluent or water pump, same and move electric fence your will probably unit to the implement shed, they can be an and interference nasty in the dairy. see our new products on display; appreciate it. For sensible advice on Upgrades, find your local Milfos dealer or Area Sales Manager from square liners to chilling, it’ll all June is a good time to start at www.milfos.com.

Winter is finally here and while a lot of farmers have dried off there is still plenty to do.

thinking about those summer projects be there. Ask about the 2012 catalogue! like that new Rotary, Herringbone or We will have some at National feed pad. These things take time to get Fieldays so please call in to get through council, organise builders your copy, contact your local etc and it’s a very good idea to be Milfos Service Partner or visit www.milfos.com. ahead of the process. We look forward to seeing you Get the best advice you can, check it all out and ensure you don’t at Fieldays!

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DAIRY

June 2012

Calf scours! Remember Rotagen this spring! Calf scours may be all bad, but there’s a good option at hand for clients who end up battling with sick animals this spring The Rotagen Combo range remains unique as non-toxic, non-withhold vet only antibody treatment for calves affected by common pathogens like Rotavirus 6 and 10, Coronavirus, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, and or E.coli (K99). New Zealand is the only country in the world where specific antibodies against specific pathogens — (Rotagen Combo) — is a registered animal remedy. The Rotagen Combo range is based on Globigen, a spray-dried egg yolk powder derived from vaccinated chickens which contains IgY’s specific to a particular organism — rotavirus 6 and 10, coronavirus, salmonella, cryptosporidium, and E.coli (K99). Globigen is made by vaccinating high health status flocks against a specific pathogen. The hen then passes maternal immunoglobulins from serum to the egg yolk

which is collected, then spray-dried, heat-treated and standardized to a determined IgY titre. This is then formulated into a Rotagen combination product by Vetpak here in NZ. Any Rotagen combination of the above IgY’s can be produced on request to meet a specific challenge. IgY antibodies provide a passive immunity effect in the gut in the same way bovine colostrum would. Studies show that IgY’s successfully pass through the gastro -intestinal tract in an active form and are not altered by the digestive process. Their ability to bind to antigens is maintained within the local gut. As the Rotagen products

are based on a local gut immunity provided by immunoglobulins, there is no issue with toxicity and no withholding period. The product can be used with calves of any age and treatment can be initiated at any stage of infection. It can be used to both prevent and treat specific calf scours. A recent addition to the range is Rotagen Crypto, a cryptosporidium specific treatment for calves. Approved by the ACVM as an aid in the prevention and treatment of calf scours caused by cryptosporidium, this is available as a standalone product without the addition of rotavirus. This is particularly useful in

“

As the Rotagen products are based on a local gut immunity provided by immunoglobulins, there is no issue with toxicity and no withholding period

”

cases where the herd has been vaccinated for rotavirus, but the farm has a history of cryptosporidium parvum scours in their calves. Calves of any age or weight can be treated at the same dosage rate. For prevention, the recommended dose is 10 grams per calf per day for five days. For treatment, dose calves with 10 g twice daily for the first day, then 5 g twice daily for three to seven days. Appropriate rehydration is essential and Rotagen can be used in conjunction with electrolytes or milk feeding.

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DAIRY

June 2012

Time to think laterally about nitrogen By Graeme Pile, Fertigation Systems

With the price of urea jumping 12.5 per cent, from $780/tonne to $880/tonne, farmers may want to consider other methods of applying nitrogen to pastures and crops The use of nitrogen on farm has grown signiﬁcantly in recent years. The March edition of the Fertiliser Research Newsletter spells it out clearly: New Zealand’s use of nitrogen-

based fertiliser has increased from 250,000 tonne in 2000 to 360,000 tonnes in 2011. While there has been an increase in dairy farm

conversions — and that will account for some of the increase — most will be from increased urea use on existing dairy farms, as farmers strive to grow more grass to produce more

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milk. And sheep and cropping farmers have not been blind to nitrogen’s ability to increase production. Their use of urea is also up, as they strive to remain proﬁtable. But urea’s cost increase will put a bigger dent into proﬁts than expected, due to static or dropping commodity prices. So what are the options when it comes to nitrogen use? In my view, there are essentially four paths to choose from: 1. Measure the amount of nitrogen in the soil at the start of the season and only apply what is required by the plant to top up this reserve. 2. Apply nitrogen products that have nitrogen inhibitors incorporated, such as Ballance Agri-Nutrients’ Sustain.

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by the plant and have less nitrogen wastage in the conversion process. Options 1 and 2 are used by some farmers now, especially the top 20 per cent operators, who know it is proﬁtable to spend more time measuring and to farm sustainably. Option 3 will be a step to far for most. It takes time to move from conventional farming to biological farming. However, farming methods — such as no till and no stubble burning — are not that radical and help the soil’s organic matter increase and naturally hold onto more nutrients.

most common are: ammonium (NH4+), which has a positive charge; nitrate (NO3-), which has a negative charge; and urea, ((NH2)2CO), which has no charge and is therefore prone to leaching. (You can read more about this at www.greenhouse. cornell.edu/crops/factsheets/ nitrogen_form.pdf.) I believe fertiliser companies should be giving farmers clearer information around which products can increase proﬁtability while also reducing the environmental impact on soils and waterways.

Finally, there is option 4. By using liquid nitrogen products, such as Ravensdown’s N-40 or Fertigation Systems’ Nitrogen Plus, farmers can apply nitrogen directly onto the plant leaf or soil. Plants are then able to readily absorb the nutrients without nitrogen being lost to volatisation or leaching, as occurs with urea.

As one farmer told me last month, he won’t change until there is a monetary incentive or a regulation change. Be careful what you wish for. Could urea’s price increase be a small ﬁnancial incentive to change? And could the new groundwater rules introduced by the Otago Regional Council earlier this year be the regulatory incentive? But more about this in next month’s article.

Why is urea different? Plants can take up nitrogen in several chemical forms. The

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WOOL

June 2012

Wool Perspective From Rob Cochrane GM, Procurement, PGG Wrightson Wool

Market rallies as supply dwindles

It would appear that some of my prediction was correct in that the market did rally at the Christchurch auction held on May 24, by between six and 10 percent, compared to the previous week in Napier, depending on style and fineness in crossbred wool types, before sliding back again at the following Napier auction held on May 31. The short-lived rally may also have been due in part to the reasonably small volume of wool on offer in the later May auctions, following some exporters complaints of too much being offered at earlier auction sales and the need to filter wool onto the market rather than flood what was obviously a fragile trading situation. Although prices rose before falling, most good wools experienced a reasonably strong following from exporters who had specific requirements to satisfy. Longer secondshear wools maintained good interest from the buying trade as did well prepared full length fleece wool. Short secondshear wools however became extremely difficult to clear and prices for those types fell away quite drastically as orders were few and far between. Bulky oddments remained sought after. Crossbred lambs’ wool (most of which were of good combing length) were a highlight of the auctions throughout May as a wide range of exporters became

quite animated in the auction room, bidding feverishly to secure their share and fill orders. Many of the lambs’ wool types (probably best described as wooly hoggets at this time of the season) depending of course on the measured micron test, reached levels in excess of six hundred and fifty cents clean for the fine edge down to around five hundred and seventy cents for the coarser types. Mid-micron wools were also well sought and many of the twenty-eightand-a-half micron to around thirty micron types reached levels of between eight hundred and fifty cents down to around seven hundred and eighty cents. Poorer mid-micron types (those carrying heavy colour and/or heavy vegetable matter contamination) were obviously discounted somewhat. In the face of further economic desperation across several European sectors, what I thought was “a relatively empty manufacturing pipeline” a few weeks ago, seems to now be heading towards the opposite with, once again, too much stock of finished product and/or semi-processed wool and not enough consumers with the ‘readies’ to purchase. You may have noticed retailers here holding ‘sale’” in their stores of products containing wool, whether they be garments or floor coverings, many with well respected brands attached,

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which would suggest to me that there is an over-supply in our small country. Even ‘yours truly’ has managed to snafﬂe the odd bargain in the clothing department in order to endure the onset of winter! I can also vouch for the wonderful attributes wool always has provided, and I’m very happy to see a wide age group once again embracing our great ﬁbre, particularly from the apparel side of the counter. Woollen carpets however, whilst still in front of mind for many,

seem to struggle for market share as the nylon advertising campaigns appear to hog centre stage in retail outlets and glossy magazines. If you picture your lounge ﬂoor covered in wool straight from the shearing shed, and then the same ﬂoor covered in oil, which one would you be happy lying down on or young children playing on? There is no comparison in my mind despite the advertising campaigns! That’s my view.

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June 2012

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your farm machinery specialist

Rural Market Place HOU RS 7am MON-F SATU - 5pm RI 8am RDAY - 12 S noon

■Residential Fences ■Poles & Piles ■Farm Post ■Macrocarpa Sleepers ■Farm Gates & Netting ■Decking ■Retaining Walls ■Kitset Sheds ■Trellis ■H3 & H4 Sawn Timber www.smithswelldrilling.co.nz Domestic, Lifestyle & Irrigation Wells • Pump Design, Sales & Service • Site Investigation & Soak Holes • Well Maintenance • Down Hole Camera • Domestic Wells from $120 per metre For a no-obligation on-site consultation contact Gary Burgess on 03 324 3799 or 027 433 8245 Fax 03 324 3709 Email smithwells@xtra.co.nz

CANTERBURY TIMBER & HARDWARE Your local timber merchant

CANTERBURY TIMBER 1304 Main South Rd

1304 Main South Road Weedons, PO Box 23106 CHRISTCHURCH 8445

P. 03 347 7465

PROPERTIES FOR SALE

HIGH PRODUCING dairy farm $12.2m +GST if any 266ha flat fertile land fully irrigated, 54 bail rotary shed, 4 homes, good buildings. 320,000kg MS. ID# TI3579 EXCELLENT CROPPING property PBN 210ha approx, partially irrigated. Lovely 4 bed home, good range of buildings. SUPERB VIEWS premier position $365,000 +GST if any 11.8ha on outskirts of Timaru, rolling downs, good building platform. ID# TI3259 Phone June Lundy— Harcourts Temuka (03) 615 8981 or 0274 589 809 june.lundy@harcourts.co.nz www.harcourts.co.nz

THAT’S NO BULL!

NO BULL XTREME ANd NO BULL STANdARd OVERALLS Now made in Canterbury Where Quality is Guaranteed

FIELdAYS SPECIAL NOW ON, call me on 0800MAdCOW (623 269) and

SAVE $$$

www.chillycow.co.nz

2239 Main South Rd | 03 347 6190 Open Mon-Fri 10-5, Sat & Sun 11-3

www.ynots.co.nz

FENCING Quality Rural Fencing Malcolm McCorkindale Ph: 027 208 6810 A/H: (03) 308 9254 Friendly, Professional Service

OVERALLS WITH THE X-FACTOR

Gifts | Home Decor | Solid Furniture | Free Gift Wrapping

Insurance work: cars and trucks Sandblasting: all farm machinery Refinishing: trucks, trailers, horse floats Loan cars available

826 Jones Road, Rolleston (03) 347 8703 (0272) 282 854

BLACKHAM BOOTE REAL ESTATE LTD MREINZ

Furniture & GiFts Ltd

Panel-beating ♦ Sandblasting Car & Truck Refinishing

mailorder

No Bull Thermal & Waterproof overalls

Pink and Green milking sleeves now available. 126 Carmen Road, Hornby, CHRISTCHURCH 8042

• Dairy Conversions • Deer • Sheep • Subdivision • Sheep & Cattle Yards • Residential

Waitohi

timber Town & Country Timbers

Sheep GratinG Fence StakeS h4 Fence DropperS h3.2 Farm SheD timber Sheep YarD timber Suppliers to CRT

26 Crombie Road, RD25 Temuka Phone: 03 615 9343

June 2012

FARM 4X4 F

PoWer Cuts AlWAys HAPPen At tHe Worst times!

Low Maintenance Cost

cial e p S June scount di 20%

Demo from authorised dealers

With our automatic start generator you need never be affected by a power cut again!

MORE RANGE NEW AC MOTOR

■ Range up to 70km ■ Top speed 45kmh ■ Hi/low ratio ■ Quiet motion ■ Plug-in recharge

0800 38 44 50

Multi-Terrain Vehicle

✓ Automatic start & shut off. ✓ Can be connected directly to household switch board. ✓ Remote control starting. ✓ Low noise operation (69db). ✓ 11 hours run time.

$2,050.00 GST incl.

Keep safe in the cab, Heater, Axle Lock, Radio, Cigarette lighter, Mud grip Tyres. Keep warm this winter on the Farm. 2008 Suzuki Carry Truck, Hi Low Ratio, 38,000kms Road Reg, Tow bar included $15,995 2006 Suzuki Carry Truck, Hi Low Ratio A/C, P/S 94,000kms Road Reg $13,995 2002 Suzuki Carry Truck, Hi Low Ratio, 31,000kms Road Reg, Tow bar included SOLD 1992 Suzuki Carry Truck, Trade in Special Off road only $3,990

Lifestyle Tractors & Machinery Ltd Tel. 03-347-4956 • Mob. 0274 770 070 Email. tractors@lifestyletractors.co.nz Web. www.lifestyletractors.co.nz

LIMITED OFFER

BUY ANY 4WD

HONDA

LT-F300F JUST

$9,500 INCL. GST

AND GET THIS

BIG 6’ X 4’ KEA TRAILER FOR $200*

*Stock crate optional extra

KingQuad 300 4x4 manual

*$200+GST. Offer available on any new 4WD Honda ATV. Stock crate available as optional extra with purchase. Offer valid from 15 Feb 2012 while stocks last. Cannot be substituted for cash or discount. Kea trailer model K64SF 6’ x 4’.

Hurry, there are only 100 available nationwide at this price. See us now to secure one for your farm.

ARTHUR BURKE LTD North Canterbury Suzuki Dealer Markham Street, Amberley

Rangiora Motorcycles

Phone 03 314 0132

10 Albert St Ph 03 313 4593 Kevin a/h 027 4361 974 www.rangioramotorcycles.co.nz

DEBALER

Special offer olny while current stocks last and not available in conjunction with any other offers.

ZERO TURN MOWERS

FROM

Supplying custo

mers around th

SQUARE BALE FEED-OUT MACHINES • 2x Trade-Ins • Checked Over • Straw & Balage • Good Order • $6,000 or $12,000 MAKE IT EASY AND SAFE FOR YOURSELF

PENROSE ENGINEERING DARFIELD (03) 318 8656

e country for ov er 10 years

• Ute decks • Towbars – WOF – COF • Contract and fabrication work • Maintenance and repair work • Experienced trailer & horse float repairers • Galvanised horse jumps and hay feeders • General engineering

Certified Welders on site

10 Grant Place RANGIORA

P (03) 313 9221

EMAIL udu-engineering@xtra.co.nz HOURS Mon-Fri 7.30am-4.30pm

$6,US5GS9T0 PL

NEW

22HP 42” / 27HP 48” USA MADE / LOW NZ PRICE FULL RANGE AVAILABLE

MADE IN USA

0800 38 44 50

June 2012

INTRODUCING 100% neW ZeAlAnd sTeel • desiGned And mAde in cAnTerBur

Quaker Barns

Durasteel are the Distributors of 'Fair Dinkum' Homes & Sheds. Located at 72 Durham Street, Christchurch. We make American and Quaker Barns, Farm sheds, Garages, Industrial and Commercial Buildings.

Custom Designs

Industrial Quaker

Using Heavy Guage Steel & Superb Design... strength / Quality / value... means a ‘fair dinkum’ shed. 4 Bay Gable Farm Shed

Traditional Barn + Lean-to

Mezzanine Floors

Sheds with Garaports

Industrial Buildings

2 Bay Farm Shed

Canterbury Barns

Open Farm Shed with 1 Enclosed Bay

• All sheds available as Kitsets • All prices are GST inclusive • Free delivery New Zealand wide • 15yr manufacturers warranty• Bird-proof option • Flexible custom designs allowing uneven bay sizes

Why not build safer... build stronger There is steel... then there is steel. We all know this. Our buildings are Superior Designed... Made using Real Steel... Heavy Gauged.

Others just make the code. We cOmpleTely eXceed THE BUILDING CODE!

dOuBle GArAGe speciAl

Once upon a time, cities were built using Heavy Gauged Steel...

Size: 6m x 6m x 2.5h. Full Kitset includes: Engineers Plans & Producer Statement for Building Consent / 2x Roller Doors / Flashings / Downpipes / Spouting / Zincalume

$6,387 incl. GST for Kitset & Delivery. Coloursteel add $1,200 2 BAy GABle FArm shed speciAl Size: 2 bay’s at 3.5 wide / 6m deep / 3m - 3.6m high Full Kitset includes: Engineers Plans & Producer Statement for Building Consent / Flashings / Downpipes / Spouting / Zincalume

Durasteel carries on the tradition.

$6,319 incl. GST for Kitset & Delivery. Coloursteel add $600. NOTE: Prices are for region a. Terrain caTegory 2.5 and a ToPograPhic and shielding facTor of 1. oTher design loading condiTions including snow loading and earThquake loading are available.

Call us now on

03 379 6195

0800 DINKUM (346 586)

• All prices GsT incl • 50yr sTrucTurAl WArrAnTy • Free delivery neW ZeAlAnd Wide • All sheds / BuildinGs AvAilABle As KiTseTs