Acknowledgments

This volume was written to mark the 20th anniversary of the Asian Barometer Survey (ABS). The ABS was established in 2001 by Professor Yun-han Chu with the goal of studying the democratization of East and Southeast Asia, and the network has since grown to include most countries in the region. The ABS also serves as the secretariat of the Global Barometer Surveys (GBS), which coordinates regional surveys in Africa, the Arab region, Eurasia, and Latin America. The success of both the ABS and GBS would not have been possible without Professor Chu’s leadership. Unfortunately, COVID-19 delayed the publication of this commemorative volume and as we prepared to finally launch the volume, our beloved Professor Chu sadly passed away on February 5, 2023. Professor Chu was a respected teacher and scholar, and he played a crucial role in promoting Taiwan’s relationship with the international academic community. His absence will be profoundly mourned by both his peers and his students. This volume is a tribute to him and his devotion to research in the social sciences. Professor Chu inspired countless students and researchers, and his legacy will continue to live on in the lives of those who knew him.

本書總結亞洲民主動態調查二十年來的成就，以紀念亞洲民主動態調查對全 球民主化研究的貢獻。亞洲民主動態調查由朱雲漢院士於 2001 年成立，目 的在就東亞和東南亞地區民眾的態度做追蹤以理解其對民主體制的看法與支 持。在朱院士多年的努力與帶領下，亞洲民主動態調查持續擴張並涵蓋區域 內多數國家，且進一步成為全球民主動態調查的秘書處，負責協調非洲、阿 拉伯地區、歐亞地區和拉丁美洲的調查。本書原訂於 2021 年出版，但因新冠

肺炎疫情而延遲，當我們終於完成這本紀念集時，我們敬愛的朱院士於 2023

年 2 月 5 日與世長辭。朱院士是一位受人尊敬的老師與學者，他極力推動台 灣與國際學術界的交流並增加台灣在全球民主化研究的能見度。朱院士的離 世，是亞洲民主動態調查與國際社會科學領域的重大損失，悲痛之情溢於言 表，全體師生同表沉痛悼念。本書致敬朱院士及其為學術界的奉獻，朱院士 啟發了無數學生與學術同儕，他的精神與智慧將永存人間。

Table of Contents

Figures and Tables x

Preface xix

Editors xxi

Contributors xxiii

1 Introduction to How Asians View Democratic Legitimacy 1

Yun-han Chu

2 Revisiting Popular Understandings of Democracy in Asia: Evidence from New Survey Instruments in the Fifth Wave of the ABS 23

Jie Lu and Le Bao

3 Trends in Support for Democracy in East Asian Democracies 36 Larry Diamond

4 Have East Asians Embraced Their Democratic Political System as “the Only Game in Town”? Ascertaining a Variety of Their System Preferences 54

Doh Chull Shin

5 Sources of Regime Legitimacy in Asian Societies: Evidence from the Fifth Wave of the Asian Barometer Survey 67

Yun-han Chu and Wen-chin Wu

6 The Evolution of Democratic Legitimacy: Empirical Examination of Asian Societies in the Past Two Decades 81

Yun-han Chu and Min-hua Huang

7 The Puzzle of Authoritarian Legitimacy 93

Andrew J. Nathan

8 Do Liberal Democratic Values and Asian Traditional Values Have Differential Impacts on Political Participation in East and Southeast Asia? 102

Ken’ichi Ikeda

9 Quality of Democracy in East Asia 119

Hyunjin Oh and Chong-Min Park

10 The Corruption and Trust Nexus Revisited 131

Eric C. C. Chang and Yun-han Chu

11 Inequality and Regime Support: Evidence from East Asia 144

Wen-chin Wu, Yun-han Chu, and Eric C. C. Chang

12 Economic Performance, Regime Types, and Political Support 157

Chin-en Wu

13 Japanese Social Capital in Liberal Democracy 2003-2019: Focusing on Tolerance and Asian Style Political Culture 174

Ken’ichi Ikeda

14 Australia Compared in the “Asian Century” 195

Jill Sheppard

15 Intensity of Trust in Institutions in India: The Emerging Paradox 209

Shreyas Sardesai and Sandeep Shastri

16 Election Losers and Support for Democracy: Challenges to Democratic Consolidation in Taiwan 224

Yu-tzung Chang and Yun-han Chu

17 South Korea’s Embattled Democracy 240

Jung-ah Gil and Chong-Min Park

18 The Development of Democracy in Mongolia: The Perspective of Ordinary Citizens 253

Damba Ganbat

19 Mass Support for the Political System: Indonesia’s Democracy

2006-2019 267

Saiful Mujani

20 Philippine Citizen Attitudes toward Democracy 280

Linda Luz Guerrero, Iremae D. Labucay, and Steven Rood

21 Political Identity, System Support, and Perceptions of Government Performance in Hong Kong 295

Wai-man Lam, Ngok Ma, and Stan Hok-wui Wong

22 Dynamics of Thais’ Political Values and Orientation toward Democracy 310

Thawilwadee Bureekul and Ratchawadee Sangmahamad

23 Thriving Opposition and Political Empowerment in Cambodia Before the 2017 Party Ban 323

Min-hua Huang

24 Burma’s Failed Democratization 338

Kai-Ping Huang and Yun-han Chu

25 Singapore: An Outlier? 348

Kay Key Teo, Ern Ser Tan, and Gillian Koh

26 The Impact of Power Transition in Malaysia’s Changing Democracy 361

Min-hua Huang

27 Evolving Social Norms and Political Ideology in Mainland China, 1993-2019 375

Jie Lu, Xuchuan Lei, and Yang Zhang

28 Ideology in Vietnam: Evidence from Asian Barometer Survey Data 384

Paul Schuler, Mai Truong, and Chris Weber

Index 395