LIGHT
REPRESENTATION II NURFARAH AMIRA ABDUL RAHIM A1702129
SITE views
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SITE plan
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ELEVATIONS I) BARR SMITH LIBRARY II)INGKARNI WARDLI III)ENGLISH & MATHS SCIENCES BUILDING
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SITE ANALYSIS I)SHADE AND SHADOW ANALYSIS II)ACCESS AND MOVEMENT III)PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDY IV)SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIGHT STUDY LUMINOUSITY
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CONCEPT IDEA I) IDEA 1; LIGHT IS POROSITY PLAN SECTION SPATIAL DIAGRAM 3D VIEWS PRECEDENT I) IDEA 2; LIGHT IS A WINDOW PLAN SECTION SPATIAL DIAGRAM 3D VIEWS PRECEDENT LIGHT STUDY REFLECTION
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STAG EI V M AT ER I A L
STAG EI I I FO R M
STAG EI I I D EA
STAG EI P LAC E
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONCEPT IDEA LIGHT IS POROSITY
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SITE PLAN SECTION ACCESS AND MOVEMENT SITE VIEWS HOW LIGHT DEFINE SPACES
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LIGHT STUDY OPACITY
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CONCEPT IDEA LIGHT IS POROSITY SCALE MODEL OF STRUCTURE FRONT BACK
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EXPLODED PERSPECTIVE CONTRUCTION DETAIL 1 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 2 MATERIALS AND TEXTURE
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LIGHT STUDY FILTRATION
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g ro u n d v i ews
a r i a l v i ews
site views
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site plan
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LEGENDS
1. BARR SMITH LIBRARY 2. THE BRAGGS 3. MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES BUILDING 4. SANTOS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING BUILDING 5. ENGLISH & MATHS BUILDING 6. INGKARNI WARDLI
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site plan SCALE 1:500 2
ELEVATIONS
1. WEST ELEVATION SCALE 1:500
LEGENDS
1. BARR SMITH LIBRARY 2. THE BRAGGS MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES BUILDING 3.SANTOS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING BUILDING ENGLISH & MATHS BUILDING INGKARNI WARDLI 3
2. NORTH ELEVATION SCALE 1:500
3. SOUTH ELEVATION SCALE 1:500
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S U M M ER, 1 2 P M
W I N T ER, 1 2 P M
S U M M ER, 3 P M
W I N T ER, 3 P M
W I N T ER, 9A M
S U M M ER, 9A M
SHADE AND SHADOWS ANALYSIS
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PHOTOTGRAPHIC STUDY OF AMBIENT LIGHT day v i ew
n i g h t v i ew
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MOVEMENT ON SITE
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
SITE ANALYSIS
The movement of people around the site can be seen from all direction. The site is surrounded by university buildings hence the area surrounding the site is always used by people mainly students throughout the day. Other than that the movement of cars is along the road located on the East side of the site.
ACCESS TO SITE
The site can be accessed from the North east, South and North side. There is an entrance located at the East side of the site.The site is at the centre and is easily accessible to public. There are pathways along the University buildings that lead to the site.
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STUDY
The site is used mainly by University of Adelaide’s students and staffs and also by public just to relax. Throughout the day, it can be seen that the area is occupied but it is most occupied during lunch hour and when the weather is sunny. As the site is an open area, there are times where socities or clubs use the lawn for social events. Sometimes the events held are cultural events that promotes foods or cultural of specific country. It can be said that the area is at the centre of The University of Adelaide therefore it is a convenient for social events as many people walk through the area throughout the day. site plan SCALE 1:2000 7
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
E SIT
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LIGHT STUDY; LU M I N O U S I TY FLUID LUMINOUSITY: THE ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING OF ZAHA HADID
Luminosity of light is one of the many things that are put into consideration in designing. A well known figure that used light luminosity and express it through her design is Zaha Hadid. This technique can be seen through her Vitra Fire Station Design and Leeza SOHO skyscraper. The ability of these building to capture daylight is what makes it a unique and successful design that uses the concept of light luminosity. Light plays an important role in shaping and designing the experience of a space. The presence and absence of light can make occupants of a specific area to experience different emotions. For example, a dark space gives the idea of mystery and negativity compare to a space that is open and is filled with light. In todays era, best believe that light and brilliance help in creating iconic architecture other than the help from glass and metal.
According the dictionary, luminousity is the radiation of light that is emitted by the star. The transparency of the light radiated from a certain source of light is what luminosity called in context. The amount of energy that is emitted by the star is what used to measure luminosity.
Famous architect, Zaha Hadid uses her imagination when it comes to incorporating light into her designs and has come out with amazing designs throughout her career. She came out with fragmentation and fluidity theories which is a well known theory and through this theory is where she discovers form-finding.
Her development in the incorporating light into her designs can be seen from her early design, the Vitra Fire Station to the tallest atrium at the Leeza SOHO skyscraper. Through the reflection of light is where we capture the sense of forms and materials, not through our eyes. Although her method of using light lines appeared as graphical at first sight, she skillfully operated the dame taht helps enchance her architectural imagination. From her early work, it can be seen that she used luminous lines whereas throughout her career, it developed to luminous fields and play of brilliance. Hadid used decisive non-parallel lines in her Vitra Fire Station design. This gives the bstructure an explosive energy plus her method used potrayed a lucid expression of tencions with in-situ concretes. Inside the structure, light fill in the gaps between the wall and the ceiling. Her suprematist paintings manifestations can be seen through her use of precise light line. The building is said to have an explosive characteristic. However, the soft and diffuse inside of the building counterat the characteristic of the building form.
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Throughout her career, Hadid loved to explore abstract painting. through her explorations, she found several grphical interpretations of lightings and luminaires. She then transformed the abstracted pattern she discovered to luminaires patters. Hadid was amazed by the white road markings used at Strasbourg’s Hoenheim-Nord Terminus and Car Park. She then converted the pattern into white linear diffuse luminaires. Zaha Hadid’s light imagination took a turn in the design of The Phaeno Science Centre. Different from her earlier works that were mainly lines and sharp corners, this structure’s surface and windows shares the same form. A shaded area is generated trhough the elevation of the concrete structures. The diagonal structure is then translated into a rhombus-shaped windows for the facde This is when Hadid transitioned from using lines and sharp edges to fluid designs. The underside of the elevated museum shares the same form in order to form a coherent exterior surface. This gives visitors holistic formal approach through both daylight and artificial lighting. Through Hadid’s Nordpark Railway Station’s design, it can be seen that light is reflected by glass intead of absorbed by concrete.This is inspired by local glacial moraines and ice formation.
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CONCEPT IDEA 1; LI G H T I S PO RO S I TY
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site plan SCALE 1:1000 11
on 1:500
IDEA GENERATION
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1. RECEPTION 2. EXHIBITION/ PRESENTATION SPACE 3. SEMINAR ROOM 1 4. SEMINAR ROOM 2 5. READING/ RELAXING SPACE 6. SMALL LIBRARY 7. STORAGE SPACE 8. TOILETS 12
i n t er i o r v i ews 2
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PRECEDENT; T I M ES EU R EKA PAV I LI O N
“The design development of the pavilion focused on the ‘bio-mimicry’ of leaf capillaries being embedded in the walls. The structural geometry was finalised to use primary timber capillaries (300dp x 140wd) to form the basic shape and supporting structure of the pavilion, inset with secondary timber cassettes that hold the cladding.”
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CONCEPT IDEA 2; LI G H T I S A W I N D OW
site plan SCALE 1:1000 15
section SCALE 1:500
IDEA GENERATION
spatial diagram
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1. RECEPTION 2. EXHIBITION/ PRESENTATION SPACE 3. SEMINAR ROOM 1 4. SEMINAR ROOM 2 5. READING/ RELAXING SPACE 6. SMALL LIBRARY 7. STORAGE SPACE 8. TOILETS 16
i n t er i o r v i ews 2
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PRECEDENT; S KY LI G H T PAV I LI O N, N I M B U
The Sky Light Pavilion was designed by Nimbu for an Architecture Pavilion Competition that was sponsored by Serbian Arhitekton Magazine. The architect believed a contemporary pavillion needs to be constructed so unique that the design itself shows the meaning of a contemporary design. The structure is made of two boxes. The two boxes are one opaque exterior and one transparent. The two elements, interior and exterior of the structure can be seen trhiugh the geometry of the design.
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LIGHT STUDY; r eflect i o n veiled in brilliance: how reflective facades have changed modern architecture
The property of light is that it travels in straight line. However when the light ray hits a surface, it will bounce back. The act of light bouncing back when hitting a surface is what called reflection of light. According to dictionary, reflection can be defined as the return of light or sound waves from a surface.
Based on the law of reflection, it is stated that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie on the same plane. It also stated that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. This law applies when light is reflected onto smooth surfaces. However, when light ray hits rough surfaces, it will be reflected on different angles. The concept of reflection of light is used on our daily life. For example is on the rear view mirror and side mirrors of cars. The reflection of image through the rear view and side mirrors enables the driver to see objects on both sides and the back of the car. The role played by light is important in modern architecture. The right way of projecting light can help produce more sustainable architecture. Mies Van der Rohe is one of the many architects who incorporated large glass facades into his designs juxtapose to modernism that promoted the transparency of glass architecture. The massive development of uniform structural glazing skyscrapers has gotten too main stream and fails to amaze urban citizens anymore. It is believed that light and brilliance work well together in creating iconic architecture and could help improve the life of humans. Therefore, crystalline images are produced by transforming glass and metal innovatively. This brings to the shifting of the focus of light from the inside space-form towards the outside space. In 1968.
Mies told in an interview that he wanted the light to fall on different angles therefore he broke the glass. He was a little skeptical about the effects of glass mirror at the time. The design of Elbphilarmonie in Hamburg by Herzog and de Meuron has produced a distorted perception of the city, water and sky. Brilliant light reflections from the building are due to the unique design of the curved balconies on the building. Jewel like shimmer is produced as bright glossy points appear under direct sunlight. The numerous amount of vertical and horizontal single glass enhance the reflection of the sun that has been distorted. A close connection to the water around can be seen through the design of printed dots on the curved faรงade, which produces a vivid and liquid image. The Elbphilarmonie is said to be a magical eye catcher due to its unique arrangements of intricate distorted light reflection. The famous Frank Gehry convey he aesthetic of the light brilliance through his design of Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in 1997. Its iconic signature, the different sizes and forms of reflective panels have made the structure to be called a masterpiece that kicked off urban redevelopments. The structural form is what made it a successful Bilbao effect design. 19
The building is a success because Gehry reinforced the design in order to achieve the ability to have dynamic images, which varies with every cloud and sunbeam. The unique form Bilbao has sparkling light qualities of titanium sheets and is always changing with cloud and sunbeam. The repetition of uniform cubes has begun to erode a sense of human scale. The emerging of curved building forms , reflective facades or even the combination of both idea have innovatively create more multifaceted images for the city. In today’s society, to create brilliant veils and bright future, it can be seen that upcoming structures will try to reach for innovative combination of material and form. Based on the law of reflection, it is stated that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie on the same plane. It also stated that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. This law applies when light is reflected onto smooth surfaces. However, when light ray hits rough surfaces, it will be reflected on different angles. The concept of reflection of light is used on our daily life. For example is on the rear view mirror and side mirrors of cars. The reflection of image through the rear view and side mirrors enables the driver to see objects on both sides and the back of the car. 20
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concept idea; li g h t i s po ro s i ty
Porosity is the quality of being porous, or full of tiny holes. Liquids go right through things that have porosity. Go back far enough and you will find that porosity of stems from Greek word poros for ‘pore’ which means passage. So something that has the characteristic of porosity lets anything pass through them.
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site plan SCALE 1:1000
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section SCALE 1:500
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access and movement i n t er i o r v i ew
ext er i o r v i ew
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concept idea; li g h t i s po ro s i ty
The idea is to ensure the site’s identity as a place to gather and socialize is not taken. The aesthetic of the design ensures everyone to maximize the use of the area however they want. The design has two different aesthetic. The interior is a more structured area and the activty is controlled by the space whereas the outside is more geometrically structured but the activity is not controlled as people can utilize the area however they want. Light travels through the glass into the pavillion to light the area.
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site views a r i a l v i ews
g ro u n d v i ews
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how light define internal spaces ex h i b i t i o n a r ea
s em i n a r ro o m
r elax i n g s pac e
s m a ll li b r a ry
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LIGHT STUDY; o pac i ty whiteness in nordic countries
To understand opacity, it is important to know what opaque means, Opaque object is completely impervious to light, which means you cannot see through it. Editing softwares always include the opacity setting. This setting allows to adjust the transparency of of an image. The less transparent the object or image, the higher the opacity. In other words, transparency and opacity are inversely related.
Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. An opaque object is neither transparentnor translucent. Transparent means 100% of light is allowed to pass through while translucent means only partial amount of light is allowed to pass through.
Great buildings in the Scandinavian Countries incorporate the play of light into their designs. The scarce amount of light during winter and long summer days are taken into account in the design of the buildings. A Professor Emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Chmpaign, Hensry Plummer studied thedaylight phenomena of the Nordic Countries through photo journeys and brilliant writing that includes an analytical perspective with a poetic touch. He is much more intrigue in the light effects that play with nature and could touch the human soul instead of using reflective white spaces to facilitate bright rooms.
Architects work with white surfaces to counterbalance long and dark whiter days. Unique light situations in the Scandinavian countries is due to extreme weather and daylight changes. During winter, the angle of the sun is lower therefore creating long shadows. The daylight enters buildings through the side instead of the above. Meanwhile the intensity of light during summer evenings are diffused. Plummer, in his book Nordic Light: Modern Scandinavian Architecture mentions that Norway, Sweeden, Denmark and Finland have similar subdued light although they have different topography and vegetation. Like Herning Museumof Contemporary Art by Steven Holls, Plummer agrees that the way Nordic architects responded to their local environment is through central aspect of whiteness. It is without a doubt that white surfaces help in increasing brightness during dark winter periods as they offer higher reflectance. In addition, according to Plummer, the beauty of snow covered landscape is also commonly linked to the affection of whiteness.
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White diffussion concept is a concept of the usage of white-painted plaster, white-enamelled steel and white linoleum. This concenpt was introduced by Alvar Aalto for the Paimo Sanatorium in the 1930s and according to Plummer, it achieved its highest popularity at the Nordyjllands Art Musseum on 1972. During that era, shades of white can be seen covering the walls, floor and ceilings includding expenssive daylight scoop. The power of pure white volumes is not the only characteristic of the Nordic built environment. The distinctive Nordic Light approach also includes the pulse of nature that vibrates patterns of light or transiency of dramatic light and shadow. It can be seen that religious buildings introduce a wide-variety of time-concepts. This includes material textures, glass features and built volumes that change image during the course of the dayand season. Pirkkala Church by kapy and Simo Paavilainen is an outstanding occurence example of dramatic light and shadow sequence. “Light originates somewhere, but man does not need to know where. Lighting is not an end in itself. But its meaning is to create a feeling of infiniteness of eternity. 30
front perspective view
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back perspective view
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exploded perspective
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ROOF
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CEILING FRAMIE
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WALLS
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CONCRETE FLOOR 5
BASE
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construction detailing 1 c o n c r et e wa ll
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construction detailing 2 fo ot i n g d eta i l
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materials and textures C O N C R ET E WA LL
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T I M B ER
A LU M I N I U M
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LIGHT STUDY; fi lt r at i o n le corbusier and the trinity of light
Light emits a broad range of wavelengths that cover the entire visible light. However, it is possible to produce light ray that has restricted wavelength spectrum. This can be achieved by the process of filtration. Through filtering the light rays, some wavelengths are transmitted whereas some are selectively absorbed and some unwanted wavelengths are reflected. Transparent pieces of dyed glass, plastic, lacquered gelatin are what constructed colour filters. They are treated to selectively transmit desired wavelenths whie restricting other wavelenths. Absorption and inteference are two most common fillters used today. Absobtion filter absorbs unwanted wavelenths whereas inteference remove selected wavelengths by internal destructive interference and reflection.
Filration is the action or process of filtering something. Filter is the process of removing impurities or solid particles from a liquid or gas that pass through them.
Le Corbusier magnificently played with orientation, openings and textures that creat kinetic architecture with daylight for his three important buildings. Pilgrimage chapel at Ronchamp, monatery of Sainte Marie de la Taurette and parish church of Saint-Pierre in Firminy shows distinctive and individual approaches that plays with light. Henry Plumer discuss how brilliant these projects are in his book Cosmos of Light: The Sacred Architecture of Le Corbusier.
Different religions relate light and divinity differently. The Bible for example mentions that God is the light of the world. Divine light and sphere light is two different point of light however divine light is commonly linked to heaven. Le Corbusier, an artist as well as an architectexpressed an exceptional sensitivity between the interaction of colours and light in his sacred projects. He is seen as an outspoken agnostic as he is very ambivalent in combining his desire to open the soul to poetic realms. Plummer has studied Corbusier’s scared buildings for four years and is fascinated by his findings on the effect of using light to consencrate the natural universe. According to Plummer, the continuous circle of solar eventsis the main characteristic of the Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp. The side chapel alcove at the dawning of the sun and the intensity of the red painted void increases. This is as if the birth of a new human being.Throughout the day, the tall slot between the east and south wallis flooded wih sunlight. At sunset, the cycle culminates a warm glow from the other side of the chapel.
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Compare to the Ronchamp, La Tourette has a more complex and widely dispersed of light movement. To conuterpoint Ronchamp’s and Firminy’s poetic forms, Monastery of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l’Arbresle has a more rectilinear geometry. All corridors have an open side facing one of the four cardinal directions allowing the visitors to experience a more diverse light phenomena. The irregular arrangement of windows creates irregular rhythm of light and shadows that appears like a musical composition. Plummer analysed that these fluent rhythms are aperiodic based upon intervals of light and transparency that gradually compress and expand in waves. During sunset, the light choreography is the most outstanding. Different season changes the choreography of the light ranging from a small triangle in winter to a large rectangle in summer when the sun reaches its maximum power. Le Corbusier’s way to consencrate his scared building is through his technique in manipulating light and shadows. His admiration of the cosmic power of light can be seen through his personal synthesis of maxims in “The Poem of the Right Angle.”
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