URBANISMO III Class 3
URBAN TISSUE- MORPHOLOGY - & STRUCTURE
Factors Influencing Urban Morphology •
Functional factors (layout and location of socioeconomical groups) = Urban Models • According to the urban plan (urban form and shape) • Historical and cultural factors • Site factors (Location) • According to the details of the urban structure • Government influence • Social values • Economic forces ~ economic circulation ~economic accessibility / urban land rents
URBAN STRUCTURE I-According to historical and urban development II-According to urban patterns of streets, blocks and plots
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development
Division of the city into areas with similar morphology and functional characteristic . In Spanish cities, it tends to be complex and divided into distinct zones. a. Historic Center “Casco Antiguo”: pre-industrial b. Urban expansions “Ensanche”: industrial era c. Current periphery
Traditional Patterns of Urban Structure – – – – – – – – – – –
Historic Cores Narrow, Complex Streets Built Before Auto Era Plazas and Squares Scars of War Symbolism Compact in Form Low Skylines Lively Downtowns Neighborhood Stability Municipal Socialism
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development
a. Historic Centers: Pre_Post_industrial In its evolution it presents/displays diverse stages: Common characteristics: i- Almost all the cities were surrounded by walls
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development A- Historic Centers
ii- The plane is the most common irregular flat although there are examples of RadioCentre,linear or grid.
Shibam Yemen
Tarragona: Grid Plan from Roman Origin
C贸rdoba: Organic plan from Islamic era origin
Vitoria: radiocentric plan from Chrisitian medieval origin
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development A-Histoci Centers
- Coexistence of different social groups (often withdrew to ethnic and religious minorities)
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development
vi- Different land uses (multifunctional) with some expertise on streets or neighborhoods.
Damascus-Syria old town plan Where the commercial and residential activities take place
La Gran VĂa de Madrid cutting through the historic center urban tissue composing new element that marks the new developmnets post indutrial era
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development
b. Urban expansions “Ensanche�: industrial era With industrialization cities spread outside the walls that in many cases were demolished and its place occupied by ring roads or boulevards that connect the old with the new city. Three new districts started to formulate on the basis of encome , built for the bourgeoisie, and workers neighbourhoods around factories and garden neighbourhoods. Openning spaces resullted in the destrcution of city wall, Pamplona (Paseo de Sarasate y Avda. Navas de Tolosa)
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development b. Urban expansion “Ensanche�
1. The elites or bourgeois neighbourhood inforces the bourgeois ideas of order, health and economic benefit When you create a plane takes regular, pattern of low density and primarily residentialland use. Example Madrid (De Castro) b) Over time the plot thickens, it verticalizes outsource the building and land use. c) modernization and beautification.
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development b. Urban expansion “Ensanche�
2. Working-class neighborhoods and industrial suburbs On the periphery industrial facilities along the access roads, railways and ports are established. Workers installed in poor quqlity neighbourhhods around the extensions.
Workers –obreros-
Historic center Ensanche burguĂŠs 1970-2000 expansion XX
Urban Structure
Revatalized workers neighbourhoods
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development b. Urban expansion “Ensanche�
3-The garden neighbourhood Emerging neighborhoods of single-family house and garden in principle for the working class but soon shifted to the middle class. One example is the linear city Arturo Soria, Madrid
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development b. Urban expansion “Ensanche�
linear city Arturo Soria, Madrid
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development b. Urban expansion “Ensanche�
Colonia Argaray, in Pamplona
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development b. Urban expansion “Ensanche”
Plan Cerdá. Squares”manzanas” densification
key needs: chiefly, the need for sunlight, natural lighting and ventilation in home “Sanitarian movement�
Ensanche de Barcelona. Plan Cerdรก 1859
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development
c. Prepheries Since the 1960's cities experienced significant growth due to several factors: -Natural population growth -rural exodus -Development of services (tourism) This created vast peripheries of cities along transport routes. These urban areas came together with neighboring municipalities forming urban agglomerations.
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development c.Periphery
1. Residential neighborhoods on the periphery that take differnt typologies a) Slum or shanty towns. Reached its peak in the 50's with the massive rural . Currently a resurgence of the problem related to immigration or marginalized groups. b) Districts of public housing. Development from 1940-1960. c) Housing Estates private development. d) gated negihbouthoods.
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development c.Periphery
Chabolismo in Ca単ada Real, Madrid
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development c.Periphery
Zaramaga, Vitoria. Social housing 50s-60s
PolĂgonos de viviendas de planeamiento abierto en forma De torres y bloques (1970). PolĂgono de la Paz, Badajoz.
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development c.Periphery
2. The industrial areas and peripheral equipment Industrial areas. Industrial parks , new commercial spaces or science parks.
Tecnological Park
Urban strucutre I-According to histrocial and Urban development c.Periphery
2. The industrial areas and peripheral equipment b) Areas of equipment. Result of decentralization. Are service areas such as commercial areas, schools, health, etc.. Also located along the access roads to the city.
comercial center La Morea. School Sarriguren
URBAN STRUCTURE I-According to histrocial and Urban development II-According to urban patterns of streets, blocks and plots
Urban physical and spatial stucture elements a.Street system and network b.Blocks system and typology c Parcelarization system d.Open spaces & infratructure system
Urban Sturcture elements B. Blocks and builidng network, typology and alignment
Typical resedintial building typology in islamic city
Block typology in Mideaval tissue
Vairiation of block typology accroding to function and location in connection to the center and street alignment
Disposition of Blocks in relation to the street
CLOSED
OPEN
Disposition of Blocks in relation to composition
COLECTIVE
INDIVIDUAL
Manzanas, bloques y casas: formas construídas y formas del suelo en la ciudad contemporánea
Javier Pérez Igualada
Square blocks and compositions with open space
“Long blocks and virtually empty sidewalks”
La Ramblas is the main north-south promenade
Copenhqgen, City features a car-free zone called the Stroget�
NEW YORK: “Midtown Manhattan south of Central Park
PARIS: “Streets were designed by Georges-Eugne Haussmann”
ROME: “East of the Tiber River bend that points to the Vatican”