Progress and Development

Kreta Ayer boasts a fascinating history that traces back to Singapore’s early development. Created under “Lt. Jackson’s Plan of Singapore” commissioned by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1822, the area south of the Singapore River was designated as a Chinese enclave. Comprising Kreta Ayer, Telok Ayer, Bukit Pasoh, Tanjong Pagar and other districts, the collective sub-districts formed the renowned Chinatown we recognize today. Kreta Ayer, in particular, played a pivotal role as the district’s lifeline, providing essential resources like fresh water transported through bullock and oxcart carriers from Ann Siang Hill to the city, and as the commercial centre of the city.

In the early 19th century, Chinatown attracted multi-ethnic immigrants seeking better opportunities in trade and commerce, becoming a thriving hub of multi-ethnic businesses and bustling markets. Over time, it etched its place in the city’s commercial landscape, standing as a living testament to Singapore’s past. Today, Chinatown remains a vibrant cultural and historical centre, with well-preserved heritage buildings, cultural landmarks, and revered temples.

In the post-independence era, Chinatown underwent a rapid transformation to address issues of overpopulation and hygiene. Notable landmarks like the People’s Park Complex in the 1970s and the Kreta Ayer Complex, including its theatre, in the 1980s symbolized the area’s modernization, resettling residents in these megastructures. Additionally, the district’s redevelopment aimed to enhance tourism appeal, leading to the renaming of the “Kreta Ayer Complex” to the “Chinatown Complex” in 1984. These efforts marked the beginning of Chinatown’s gentrification, shaping it into the vibrant tourist destination we know today.

Recognizing the cultural and historical significance of Chinatown, the 1990s saw a prioritization of its conservation and regeneration. Designated as a conservation area in 1989, various initiatives were undertaken to restore and preserve its historic buildings, promote cultural activities, and drive urban renewal.