JAKARTA SCALE VISION

There are a number of dominant variables influcing current waste management issues in Jakarta, which can be identified but not limited to the following:

Factors related

Site selection process

In summary

6500 tons of waste per day

Generation rate: 0.7kg per day

8 million people

So in total the system can process 3142.7 tonnes of trash per day, which takes up nearly 50% of the waste generated per day. In Jakarta, 55% of waste generated are organic waste, which means nearly 85% of the organic waste can be processed

Prediction of the system in Jakarta scale _ centralized

Large facility: cover 12958 people per day

Medium-size facility: cover 6478 people per day

Small size facility: cover 2857 people per day

So if have 50 large size facility, 50 medium-size facility, and 50 small size facility, roughlt can process 1114 tonnes of waste per day can generate 90 tonnes of compost per day

Prediction of the system in Jakarta scale _ micro

There are about 28, 981 RTs and 2, 544 RWs in Jakarta

However, in a large city such as Jakarta, as there is a constant population influx, in many cases a RT (neighborhood associations) contain as many as 100-150 households

So, 28, 981 RTs need 28, 981 units to process the trash

Can process 2028.7 tonnes of trash per day

Can generate 305 tonnes of compost per day

Estimation about the capacity of the system

Centralized system

LANDSCAPE APPROACH ON DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND THE FEASIBILITY OF LARGE-SCALE APPLICATIONS BASED ON THE CALCULATION

Lyu Jiawei

Abstract: the increasingly severe problem of domestic wastewater pollution in Jakarta impact people’s life. This project intends to minimize the water pollution and the dependency on the urban water supply by using natural-based approaches. Moreover, providing a feasible method for largescale applications based on the mathematical calculation.

Nearly 75 percent of the rivers in Jakarta are heavily polluted, of which the primary pollution source is domestic wastewater. Situated in Kedaung Kali Angke, the neighborhood, especially in the kampung, faces a severe problem of water insecurity due to the lack of public washing and toilet facility and some infrastructure related to the water supply, drainage, and sewage systems. Besides, the high cost of domestic water is hard to undertake by low-income workers.

This project intends to minimize the water pollution and the dependency on the urban water supply by using natural-based approaches. The overall goal is to achieve the recycling of the wastewater and provide a feasible method for large- scale applications. Some wastewater parameters can be gotten like the area of required wetlands per capita, and the proportion of total green space needs to be used as wetlands in sites through calculation. The wastewater treatment system combines the anaerobic treatment and constructed wetlands, which consider the value of sewage purification and landscape characteristic.

On the site scale, this design is taking one green space, in the middle of the Kedaung Kali Angke neighborhood, surrounded by the kampung and low-middle class residentials as an example to demonstrate this wastewater treatment system. Based on the calculation, 43% of the site green space needs to be used as wetlands for sewage treatment. There are three steps for sewage treatment. Firstly, the wastewater collected by the septic tank for settlement. Next, through the anaerobic pond and wetlands, the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and pathogens are removed mostly. Lastly, the purified water flows to the retention pond and holding tank for daily residential usage and some parts of purified water for agricultural irrigation and aquaculture meanwhile.

As for the large scale application, the same sewage treatment system and mathematical calculations are used in conjunction with the 2030 planning. On the neighborhood scale, the green open space amount in the neighborhood is sufficient for domestic wastewater treatment through calculation. However, there is necessary to relocate it properly as an even distribution to cover the wastewater of the whole neighborhood residential area.

On the city scale, through calculating the required wetlands area for sewage treatment in each district and the proportion of the wetlands area to total available green space, the feasibility and potential of the plan can be evaluated. From the data collected and calculated, at present, the required wetlands area accounts for 75% of the existing available parks in Jakarta, which is super high and low feasible. While in 2030, from the government planning, the greening rate targeted at 30% so that the green open space will increase significantly to 196 km². The required wetlands area for domestic wastewater treatment only accounts for 7% of the entire green open space. Therefore, the feasibility of this approach is much higher.