Geosphere 2020: Into the Spotlight by Geosphere

INTO THE

SPOTLIGHT GEOSPHERE 2020

Geosphere 2020 Into the Spotlight MCI (P) 086/02/2020 Published in March 2020 Publisher NUS Department of Geography Faculty of Arts and Social Science AS2-0301, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge Singapore 117570 Director & Illustrator Andrea Tan Li Yao Executives & Editors Janice Sim Xinyi Muhammad Khairul Fikri Bin Shaharuddin Print iPrint Express

Geosphere is an annual publication by the National University of Singapore (NUS) Geographical Society. We love all things geographical and wish to share our passion with all who have geographical interests. For enquiries or partnerships, leave us a message at nusgeosphere@gmail.com The NUS Geographical Society is a non-profit organisation dedicated to serve the needs, welfare, and aspirations of geographers in NUS. The society maintains a strong and close relationship between the student community and faculty at the Department of Geography, whilst promoting the discipline of Geography amongst the Singaporean student community.

In this issue. 4

Q&A with Professor Sidaway

Section I: Articles 7 Global Production Networks: A Brief Introduction 9 The Role of the Government in Solving Urban Housing Problems 11 "Spatial Turns" in Social Sciences and Humanities: Opportunities and Challenges 13 NUS Geography Photo Contest 2020 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; In Transit 15 Post SG Climate Rally Review 17 Climate Action's Slow March 19 Geosphere Essay Writing Competition Winning Entry Section II: Interviews 22 Interview with a Marine Biologist 25 Interview with an Animal Conservator 28 Interview with a Nature Photographer Section III: Minors 33 Urban Studies 34 Geographical Information Systems 35 Geosciences 36 Aquatic Ecology Section IV: Overseas Exposure 38 GE3230A Field Studies in Southeast Asia 41 GE4221 Field Investigation in Human Geography 44 Feature on NUS Overseas Colleges (NOC) Stockholm 48 Features on Student Exchange Programme (SEP) Section V: Internship Features 61 Dixon @ Unilever 62 Natalie @ the National Parks Board 64 Siang Nee @ the Singapore Tourism Board Section VI: Alumni Features 67 Max @ Housing & Development Board 68 Junianti @ Ministry of Education Headquarters 70 Shen Hao @ a Wealth Management Firm 72

More about the NUS Geographical Society

Acknowledgements

Director’s Message Geosphere 2020: Into the Spotlight is a careful curation of content that highlights pertinent issues in our society. It serves as a call to action, whilst also offering fresh content to spark a greater interest in Geography. The magazine also seeks to capture geographers’ unique and personal experiences and bring them into the spotlight. Through all our features, we furthermore hope to bring Geography as an academic discipline into the spotlight, highlighting the relevance and applicability of the subject to a broad field of knowledge and thinking.

We have decided to limit the length of our articles so that they are more palatable and digestible. You will also realise that we have numerous interview-style contributions so as to capture the essence of the experiences that our contributors had.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank our Geosphere advisors, Dr Lin Weiqiang and Dr Carl Grundy-Warr for their guidance and support. We are also grateful to our contributors who have so generously agreed to collaborate with us, and who patiently accommodated our many rounds of editing. I also The magazine starts off with the Articles want to thank my two editors, Khai and section, which covers topics from Janice, for the hard work they have put economic, political and environmental in, and for the laughter and joy that we geography. It then features a marine have shared. biologist, an animal conservator and a Lastly, I hope that after you have read nature photographer in the Interviews this magazine, you will be inspired section. In the subsequent sections, we by the many ways Geography can be bring to you geographers’ experiences relevant to our lives, and leave a place in within and beyond the department. your heart for it! The Geosphere team started off our journey with one aim—to work towards creating a Geosphere that is worth reading. We hope the transformations that we have made will be well-received.

Andrea Tan Director for the 54th Management Committee Publications Cell

The 54th Publications Cell

Muhammad Khairul Fikri Bin Shaharuddin Year 2 Undergraduate

Andrea Tan Li Yao Year 2 Undergraduate

Janice Sim Xinyi Year 1 Undergraduate

Executive of the 54th Publications Cell and Editor of Geosphere

Director of the 54th Publications Cell and Illustrator of Geosphere

Executive of the 54th Publications Cell and Editor of Geosphere

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Q&A

James Derrick Sidaway · Professor Department of Geography, National University of Singapore

1. Why did you decide to become a geographer?

teaching others about how it connects us.

I remember precisely where, when, and how it happened. It was in the English Midlands, one mid-August morning in 1980, at about 11 am. I always liked Geography, because it was about people and places and I had studied it at secondary school, where it was taught well by a relaxed and engaging teacher. I think everyone is born with an innate inclination to think and act geographically, but only some of us are lucky enough to become professional—that is academic, or applied (say planners) geographers.

3. How has the discipline of Geography changed over time? A discipline that was linked to nation-building and empire, and at their service has undergone a series of conceptual revolutions that changed it fundamentally, in ways that render Geography into a much more critical field of study. To find out more, take Development of Geographic Thought. In short, the meaning of Geography evolves. I have a favourite quote about this, by Chinese-American Geographer Yi Fu Tuan from his autobiography (1999, page 93). You can find the quote reproduced as an epigraph to the closing chapter of a textbook on the history of Geography that I co-authored. The book (Geography and Geographers: AngloAmerican Human Geography since 1945, Seventh Edition, published in 2016) is available via NUS Libraries. Take a look!

When I was 16, I had to choose A-level subjects at my Sixth Form College (an equivalent of Junior Colleges). I wanted to study Physics, and eventually passed the Physics A-level but without a high grade. I also chose Mathematics with Mechanics but later took General Studies instead. I needed a third A-level subject and chose Environmental Science. However, it was not taught that year. Someone said, “Why not consider Geography?” and I did. Now I see that my life was since mapped out because taking Geography at A-level opened up the possibility of majoring in it for a degree. It seemed a good way to mix my interests in places, politics, and nature with my ambition to travel more (at that time, I had never been outside Europe, though I had been to Europe's Mediterranean margins).

4. What direction(s) do you see the discipline heading towards? The discipline is large and complex, so predictions are problematic. However, amongst many others, four things which I expect to continue to hold interest and develop are: 1) Moves to decolonise Geography. The modern subject was closely connected with empires. The Department in Singapore, for example, was established over 90 years ago, in what was then an outpost of the British Empire. The legacies of imperialism (and new forms of it perhaps) remain active in Geography. Work that grapples with this and posits alternatives is worth reading. This includes the field of Black Geographies, which has become very vibrant in the USA and, latterly, the UK.

2. How and why did you develop your research specialisation in political geography?

I chose that specialisation as soon as I could take an undergraduate module on Political Geography, simply because I like politics. Power fascinates me. This is especially when power finds sovereign spatial expression, in territories, borders, and wars, for example. I also research and teach the history of Geography. I am old enough to have seen the discipline change. It is a living history. I like being part of this evolving tradition and 2)

The intersections between quantitative

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geography, social theory and new technologies (including, but not only Geographical Information Systems [GIS]), both in terms of finessing our methods of analysis and modes of geographical representation—maps, data visualisation and words, and as a subject worthy of research.

the subject and imperialism, and nationalism as I mentioned above. The USA, in particular, employs many GIS scientists in so-called, geospatial intelligence. But as part of fostering an informed and critical public culture, training in Geography has much more to offer than such applications. This starts with what we might call geo-literacy. Where are places, how do they 3) Feminist Geography. This has grown connect and relate? It then goes beyond that from a late start, in the 1970s, to become a wide to learn from those interrelations in ways that critical field. It means rethinking the ways that have critical implications for other sciences and we write and teach the history of Geography, as humanities as well as for wider public life. well as how geographers think and act. Feminist geography has been a creative influence in challenging the wider language, concepts, and 6. What would you say to prospective NUS mores of the discipline. geographers? 4) Critical understandings of China’s Belt Choose your courses and pathway first by what and Road Initiative, in terms of who gets what, interests and excites you, rather than what you where, and how from this as well as what kinds think will be best for a career. That way, you will of new and old geographical imaginations it better fulfil your potential. Because, when a topic invokes. interests you, it ceases to feel like work (however demanding it may be) and starts to become fun. Geography may be hard, but it should also 5. What place does Geography have in today’s be pleasurable. If it isn’t both challenging and world? enjoyable, you are doing it wrong or studying Geography is so large and covers so many the wrong part of it for you. There is space for domains that it has many worldly places. There everyone: find yours. is a whole field of Applied Geography, where geographers work as planners, for commerce (think of the many applications of GIS) and for social movements. Geographers work for the military in many countries. Cartography is still often in military hands in many countries. This relates to the long association between

About the Author: Professor Sidaway is a Professor of Political Geography. His research focuses on the interactions of cities, development, geopolitics, people, and states, influenced by a wide range of postcolonial writing and theory. His other main research interest is the history and philosophy of Geography. He is currently teaching GE4223 Development of Geographic Thought and recently taught GE2222 Politics and Space.

Section I: The following articles feature some of the research interests and work of the faculty members and students respectively from the NUS Department of Geography, as well as the winning entry of the annual Geosphere Essay Writing Competition. Read on to discover the breadth of Geography as a discipline; each article introduces some contemporary issues as

ARTICLES

seen through the lens of geographers.

Global Production Networks: A Brief Introduction · Neil Coe

"Spatial Turns" in Social Sciences and Humanities: Opportunities and Challenges · Cao Kai

Climate Action’s Slow March · Ooi Wen Ting

The Role of the Government in solving Urban Housing Problems · Shaun Teo

Post SG Climate Rally Review · Lad Komal Bhupendra

Geosphere Essay Competition Winning Entry · Joshua Wee

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GLOBAL PRODUCTION NETWORKS: A Brief Introduction

Neil Coe · Professor Department of Geography, National University of Singapore

the lead firm comes in. These networks are not simply coordinated by the ‘invisible hand’ of the market, nor are they operated within the boundaries of a single, verticallyintegrated firm. Instead, they are controlled and coordinated by a lead firm that derives its power from its dominant position in global markets and whose customers may comprise other firms (e.g. Boeing) or final consumers (e.g. Walmart). Rather than owning the different elements of the production It is helpful to think about GPNs on two network directly, lead firms exert control levels. First, the term refers to an increasingly through different forms of subcontracting prevalent way in which the global economy is and partnership arrangements in which organised. If you think about the commodities their requirements are tightly specified and that you use in your everyday life—the food monitored. and drinks you consume, the clothes you wear, the electronic devices you are inseparable A second way of thinking about GPNs is as a from, the modes of transport you ride on, the theory, or set of ideas, that seeks to explain financial services that you rely upon, and so why the global economy is increasingly on—chances are that the majority of them organised in this way, and why that matters for will have been produced through some kind people and places around the world. Here at of GPN. NUS Geography, we have sought to contribute to these debates for well over a decade, and But what does that mean? It means that the from a particular vantage point—Singapore’s production process of the goods or services in economic development over the last 55 question has been broken down into various years has been heavily shaped by how it has sequential steps, undertaken by multiple strategically ‘plugged into’ various kinds of firms across several different countries. GPNs. This is perhaps easiest to think about for a manufactured product such as a mobile phone whereby components such as the chip, screen, camera, speaker, casing, and software are sourced from a range of countries before being assembled into the final, finished good —say at Samsung’s huge facility in northern Vietnam—and then shipped to retailers and consumers around the world. But the same also applies to an increasing range of services too, such as banking, software, healthcare, tourism, and even higher education. ou may have heard that global production networks—aka GPNs—are one of the topics that we research in NUS Geography and the affiliated GPN@ NUS Research Centre. You may equally be wondering: what are these mysterious ‘GPNs’ that I keep hearing about? Geosphere has thrown me the challenge of trying to explain in 800 words. Challenge accepted—let’s give it a go!

... an increasingly prevalent way in which the global economy is organised.

But what holds these complex systems together and ensures that they run in a timely and efficient manner? That is where

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In analysing a global production network we need to take four key steps. First, and usually starting from a lead firm, we need to track down all the different firms that constitute the GPN and their individual roles in the production process. This is not an easy task—an aeroplane, for instance, may contain thousands of parts sourced from several hundred suppliers! We also need to be aware of the non-firm bodies—the state, labour unions, trade associations, international standards organisation, etc.—that are vital to the functioning of the network. Second, we must map where the various parts of the GPN are located, i.e. its geography. Some elements of the network may be very stretched out across space, particularly when the finished product—like the Samsung mobile phone made in Vietnam—‘fans out’ to resellers and consumers across the world. But other elements may be grouped very locally, for instance, key suppliers around an automotive assembly plant, to ensure highly efficient production.

operate. Generally speaking, places that are home to lead firms and/or other firms that undertake distinctive, specialised roles in GPNs benefit from the value that those firms generate and the local employment that they provide. But it is complicated—firms may siphon-off and relocate profits through the global financial system, and the benefits may or may not spread from firms to the wider locality. The task for economic geographers is to reveal the complex links between how global industries are organised and the patterns of uneven development we see ‘on-the-ground’. Further thinking/homework: • How might GPN analysis be helpful in thinking about the impact of recent ‘trade wars’ on the global economy? • In an era of climate change, what might ‘sustainable’ global production networks look like?

Third, we need to think about how the lead firm coordinates the network in terms of its • How should we think about the rise of powerful various contracting, partnership, and supply ‘platform’ firms such as Alibaba, Amazon, chain management practices. This is known as Tencent, Uber and Airbnb in relation to GPNs? the governance of the network, and relates to how much value (think profits, essentially) the different firms can extract from their involvement in the network. Finally, but importantly, we need to think about how GPNs can drive economic development processes in the places where they

About the Author: Professor Coe specialises in Economic Geography. His research interests are in the areas of global production networks and local economic development, the geographies of local and transnational labour markets, the geographies of innovation, and institutional and network approaches to economic development. He is teaching the following modules in AY2020-21: GE2202 Economy and Space and the new GE3247 Worlds of Work.

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THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT in Solving Urban Housing Problems

Shaun Teo · Assistant Professor Department of Geography, National University of Singapore

s cities develop, gaps between the rich and poor widen and play out in different arenas, including housing. By 2023, more than 6,000 investors with net worth upwards of S$40 million will reside in London, one of the hottest property markets globally. In the same timeframe, London will also see 60% of its population unable to afford a home. The London government’s policies continue to subsidise the development of luxury property and the raising of rents, while construction of affordable homes has dropped 62% over the last decade.

neighbourhood that had been unused since 2003. In 2011, RUSS approached their local authority, Lewisham Council (LBL), to discuss the development project on Church Grove. Suffering from financial and organisational constraints, LBL long struggled to make optimal use of such small sites in the borough. Thus, LBL saw RUSS as a potentially viable partner. As a CLT, RUSS was eligible for small pots of funding from the central government and possessed the drive and commitment to see through the project. Local authorities are less equipped to pursue such new developments as they have been forced to focus scarce resources on keeping daily welfare provisions running. Conversely, without development experience, RUSS could benefit from LBL’s support.

Globally, governments have been criticised for ‘stealing’ from the poor to ‘feed’ the rich through housing in cities—London is no exception. Yet, governments are not monolithic entities. They consist of different departments, comprising different groups of people with different interests. Local authorities have helped build up communities they are directly responsible for. One instance is through facilitating the development of affordable permanent housing, even though the central government has been cutting local authority budgets since the 2008 financial crisis. Here, we must think more critically about the different levels of government, and their roles in facilitating both problems and solutions to urban housing. With the right conditions, they can be a force for good.

For development to occur, the developer must tender to purchase land from their local authorities. Church Grove was valued at £1.6 million and RUSS, as a community developer, was unable to afford this. If a piece of land were to be sold under its market value, the development must provide other forms of benefit to offset the costs of ‘selling at a loss’. LBL thus spent months working with RUSS to develop a proposal which outlined the calculated social benefits of the development. This allowed LBL to legally sell the land to RUSS for £1. They also worked together to The role local authorities have played in the secure government funding of £186,690, which development of London’s Community Land Trust more than covered the costs associated with the (CLT) sector is a good example. CLTs are non-profit tender. community-led organisations which acquire and manage land with the intention of holding it in Both parties thus worked in partnership, rather trust and developing affordable housing and than negotiating ‘across the table’. In conventional community amenities. Crucially, these resource- development negotiations, local authorities and scarce organisations depend on local authorities developers usually seek to extract value from one to secure land at low prices and to attain planning another while protecting their own interests. This permission to develop them. In 2018, the Rural complementary working relationship allowed Urban Synthesis Society (RUSS) became the first them to navigate a complex planning application CLT in London to develop as many as 33 affordable process. RUSS’s involvement in consulting with the homes on Church Grove, a small site in their local community was important for securing the latter’s consensus in the proposed development,

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as the community was sceptical about dealing with the Council alone. LBL helped RUSS to pressure regional-level statutory agencies, who had been extremely unresponsive to RUSS’s engagements, to expedite permissions associated with environmental impact assessment. RUSS and LBL also managed to secure a further £1 million grant from the London government, as well as more than £6 million to cover the costs of development. These are some examples of how local coalitions managed to overcome obstacles they might not have been able to alone. Such ‘local coalitions’ have emerged in other parts of London, in part inspired by the work of RUSS and LBL. Over 30 CLT projects have taken root since

2020, contributing to the construction of over 1,000 affordable homes. The growth of London’s CLT sector shows how collaborations between local authorities and communities can illuminate bottom-up solutions in a context of financial and organisational constraints. As an academic discipline, Geography’s responsibility is to identify and make sense of the different ways in which such collaborations can maximise the potential for mutually beneficial outcomes in social welfare. Rather than being overly critical of the government, we must remain open to the role its different levels play in solving important urban problems.

"...Geography's responsibility is to identify and make sense of the different ways in which such collaborations can maximise the potential for mutually beneficial outcomes in social welfare."

About the Author: Assistant Professor Teo joined the Department in January 2020. He received his PhD in 2019 from University College London, specialising in comparative urban politics, with an interest in Shenzhen and London. He is currently teaching GE3204: Cities and Regions – Planning for Change.

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“SPATIAL TURNS” IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES: Opportunities and Challenges

“

Cao Kai · Former Lecturer in the Department of Geography, National University of Singapore

Spatial turns”, in the form of advancements in new exploratory methods, tools, and applications for mapping and spatial analysis, have gained rapid momentum in the social sciences and humanities lately. A case in point, Paul Krugman, an economist, was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Economics due to his valorisation of the significance of “place” in economic activities. Elsewhere, in land market studies, real estate studies, and other related research areas, Anselin et al. and other scholars contemplated the relevance of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and spatial econometrics in these fields. Douglas Richardson et al. also introduced the spatial turn in health research. Taken together, the ubiquity of these applications has demonstrated the tremendous potential of spatial understanding and reasoning for a broad range of social sciences outside Geography.

... the tremendous potential of spatial understanding and reasoning... outside Geography

the application of GIS and geo-visualisation in its research. Specifically, anthropologists have used GIS as significant supplementary tools to traditional ethnographic approaches. In the past few decades, Archaeology has also seen a rapid assimilation of GIS and analytic mapping methods, as is the case in History, which has utilised GIS to help interpret key events in the past. One prominent example is the China Historical Information System project (CHGIS, see http:// www.fas.harvard.edu/~chgis). The CHGIS was launched in 2001 to establish a spatial database of historical administrative units and locations for the period from 221 BCE to 1911 CE, to provide a base GIS platform and resource for researchers to conduct further spatio-temporal analysis and digital mapping. This significantly advanced the field of historical GIS in the past 20 years. Another example in spatial humanities is the Spatial History Project at Stanford University (see http:// www.standford.edu/group/spatialhistory), which emphasises the harvesting of maps, imageries, documents, and digital visualisations of changes over space and time. In addition, there are also interdisciplinary efforts in applying spatial technologies across the social sciences, humanities, and more. Since 2011, the National Science Foundation of the United States started to fund the Collaborative Historical Information Analysis project (see http://www. chia.pitt.edu). This project is joined by scholars from a broad range of disciplines, such as History, Political Science, Geography, Religious Studies, Health Research, Library and Information Science, Geology, and Medicine. It was initiated to facilitate the creation and maintenance of historical datasets (spatio-temporal big data) from local to global levels, from short term to long term.

Such “spatial turns” are also evident in social sciences and humanities disciplines that focus on human behaviour. Examples include Criminology, Anthropology, Archaeology, and History. Criminology has benefited greatly from the increasing integration of spatial technologies with the spatial characteristics of social crime. This was observed in Cohen and Tita’s illustration of the successful application of GIS and spatial The increasing availability and accessibility analysis to homicide patterns detection in of geo-referenced datasets of different scales, Pittsburgh. Anthropology has similarly pioneered specialised software, as well as advances in

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theories of different applied disciplines and • Software. Software that are affordable, GIS have explicitly empowered more in-depth user-friendly, and integrate a broad range and comprehensive “spatial turns” in the social of mapping and spatial (spatio-temporal) sciences and humanities. These aforementioned analysis functions, with explicit and easy-tosuccessful applications and examples have understand instructions, are also not readily demonstrated the rapidly growing popularity available. of GIS and Mapping technologies in academic In sum, there are both opportunities and research and teaching in the social sciences and challenges in the forward march of spatial humanities over the past decades. applications and analysis in the social sciences Nevertheless, in the meantime, there exist several and humanities. With advancements in mapping challenges that may influence or even impede and GIS technologies, a bright future can be the continued expansion and advancement expected as long as there are continuing efforts of spatially integrated social sciences and among social scientists, humanities scholars, humanities. I list a few of them below: and GIS specialists to engage the “spatial turn”. However, there are also several pitfalls relating • Spatial thinking and analysis capability. Scholars to a lack of appropriate expertise in spatial from the social sciences and humanities technologies, and a dearth of relevant datasets still lack sufficient know-how in spatial and applications. Scholars are at the dawn of a applications. This could be due to the shortage revolution in spatially integrated social sciences of the training resources that are specifically and humanities, but they also have some designed for social scientists and humanists, important work cut out for them to take this on the topics of mapping, GIS and spatial revolution to the next level. analysis, etc. • Accessibility of spatial datasets. Currently, publicly accessible spatial datasets relevant to social science and humanities research are still limited.

About the Author: A former lecturer in the Department of Geography at NUS, Dr Cao Kai is currently an Assistant Professor in the School of Information Systems at the Singapore Management University. His research interests primarily centre on GIScience and its applications, especially on the topics of Spatial Optimisation and Planning, Spatial Big Data Analytics, and Spatially Integrated Social Science.

Joanna Tan, Year 2 Undergraduate, Geography | Photo taken at Baan Nam Khem Beach

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TAN WEI HUI, JOANNA WINNER OF NUS GEOGRAPHY PHOTO CONTEST 2020 – IN TRANSIT Located near the village of Baan Nam Khem in southern Thailand, this beach was one of many hit by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Though it has been more than a decade since the disaster, the communities in and around the village are still very much rebuilding their lives. Yet, the encounter with nature’s power hasn't stopped them from staying close to the ocean, on which they remain reliant for their daily provision. This is a space in transit—communities suspended between land and water, and a lingering past and an uncertain future.

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POST SG CLIMATE RALLY REVIEW Lad Komal Bhupendra Year 2 Undergraduate, Bachelor of Environmental Studies Co-organiser of SG Climate Rally 2019

he 21st of September 2019 has been the most significant day of my life, where I saw my friends, family, and fellow Singaporeans unite in fighting climate change. Before the climate rally took place, my co-organisers and I had wondered whether it would work out. All we ever hoped in those three months of preparation was for the rally to be an avenue to voice our concerns about the climate crisis, regardless of how small the event might have been. I was pleased that the attendees thoroughly enjoyed the activities and

was grateful that the rally had garnered massive support from fellow Singaporeans. We had activities ranging from banner painting to a “Write a postcard to my MP” booth, followed by speeches and finally the “die-in”. Amongst all the activities that took place at the rally, the “diein” was one of the more remarkable components. The “die-in” was a visual representation of the biodiversity and people that are already lost or could potentially be lost in the future due to the climate crisis.

Participants at the climate rally lie on the ground as part of the "die-in" movement

The “die-in” was a unique experience for me. I still remember how our movement artist Chloe Chotrani eased us into the process of the “diein”, “Starting from the right corner in 3, 2, 1. Fall slowly and gently. Take your time, stay with the breath. Allow your body to surrender yet stay present. Rest on the soft and nurturing soil of the earth…” At that moment, I felt a profound sense of stillness in the air as people started falling. When I saw the wave of people fall before me, a strong wave of emotions crashed over me as I grieved

the lives that were and would be endangered because of the climate crisis. The sheer number of Singaporeans who participated in the “die-in” left a deep impression on me—these people were a living embodiment of the magnitude of the climate crisis. That being said, not everyone was open to this activity. Some hastily rushed out of the park, while some stood at the side and declined to participate. We even had some netizens who expressed their

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disapproval of the “die-in” by labelling it as merely a “cringe-worthy stunt". Although the “die-in” might have been perceived as nothing more than a dramatised performance by idealistic youths, it is important to note that “die-ins” have been used for anti-war and environmental movements since the 1970s. While observing or being directly involved in the “die-in” might have been uncomfortable for many of us, the discomfort we experienced was commensurable with the reality of how uncomfortable it can be to accept and address climate change. Yet, this discomfort should not stop us from making proactive changes to our habits, to do our part in the fight against the climate crisis. During the climate rally, I got the opportunity to meet people from different walks of life and hear their concerns and perspectives about the climate crisis. It was especially heartwarming to receive blessings from attendees who were of my parents’ age and listen to fellow attendees’—some as young as twelve—desires to combat climate change. Interacting with the attendees made me realise that Hong Lim Park was no longer just a political space, but also a platform for people to share their stories, help

build community spirit, and envision a common future. While I strongly believe that we should speak up for what we stand for, it is equally important for us to translate our concerns for the environment into productive actions. Although individual actions such as reducing the use of disposables and using public transport more frequently are great, we need to shift our focus to more collective actions. Encourage your friends and family to join in and do them together! Changing our habits as a community generates a bigger push for a greener future, as compared to doing so individually. Let us push for these changes to be made everywhere—at home, in school, the office, wherever and whenever you get the chance. We only have a limited time to make large cuts in our carbon emissions before we cross the tipping point and cause irreversible, catastrophic damage to the environment. As Napoleon once said: “The world suffers a lot, not because of the violence of bad people, but because of the silence of good people.” We cannot stay silent about this crisis anymore.

Participants gathered at Speakers' corner in anticipation of the speeches

Komal, co-organiser of SG Climate Rally, giving a speech during the rally

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CLIMATE ACTION’S SLOW MARCH Ooi Wen Ting Year 2 Undergraduate, Geography Attended the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 25)

ust before the turn of the decade, world leaders gathered at the annual United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2019. The spotlight was on greater aspirational goals for climate change, and the full operationalisation of the Paris Agreement. You might wonder, was the 2015 Paris Agreement not a fait accompli? Why is the agreement still not operationalised five years on? Let us delve into some of climate governance’s intricacies and understand the obstacles to concerted climate effort.

the watershed 2015 agreement between 197 countries was already a laudable achievement. Yet, how countries should go about decreasing global emissions remains unanswered. Various UN subsidiary bodies—the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technology Advice and the Subsidiary Body on Implementation— have dedicated much effort to ironing out the Agreement’s specifics. The result is a rulebook governing international climate action and respective national pledges. It requires policymakers to enforce and ensure compliance The urgency of addressing the climate crisis began to pledged goals whilst addressing all countries’ in 1979, with the inaugural First World Climate concerns. Conference. This paved the way for the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change While lauded as one of the reasons for successful in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organisation negotiations, the ability of countries to submit and the United Nations Environment Programme, their pledges in accordance with the principle to increase scientific backing for climate change. of common but differentiated responsibilities Following that, the Earth Summit in Rio, 1992, has complicated discussions regarding the resulted in the UN Framework Convention on finalisation of the rulebook. These national goals Climate Change. This subsequently led to the are termed Nationally Determined Contributions adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997—the first (NDCs). Environmental activists have lambasted legally binding agreement for climate action. With governments for their unambitious goals a complex ratification process, the Protocol only in the NDCs, while many NDCs from the entered into force in 2005. Even then, the Protocol developing world are contingent upon green excluded developing countries, which generated finance mechanisms, financial support, and increasing amounts of emissions as their carbon markets. Given decades of economic economies grew. The first commitment period of growth fuelled by environmentally degrading the Protocol from 2008 to 2012 saw unambitious practices, drastic changes will undeniably result goals from merely 37 participating countries— in economic disruptions. Thus, as countries symptomatic of the agreement’s failure to usher negotiate the terms in the Paris Rulebook, in concerted global action. domestic economic growth still reigns supreme in the back of their minds and is reflected at The problems that plagued the Kyoto Protocol and negotiation tables. Charged with ensuring quality undermined its efficacy manifested yet again in domestic standards of living, world leaders the Doha Amendment—the agreement governing struggle to balance climate ambition, domestic climate action from 2013 to 2020. Currently, the electoral promises, and the threat of disruption to Doha Amendment has yet to come into full force. the economy. Therefore, despite calls for greater With the minimum quota of countries ratified aspiration and the confirmation of the Paris unmet, much of the last decade lacked a global Rulebook, there remain kinks in this rulebook agreement on climate action. that require smoothening. Just when it seemed high-level climate change Besides the economic implications of NDCs talks had reached a standstill, the Paris Agreement slowing down negotiations, emissions from was presented to the world. In some senses,

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aviation and maritime industries are not directly addressed by the Paris Agreement. Currently, climate governance is executed in a largely country-centric and geographically-bounded manner. Cross-border and multi-state activities, such as services offered by air and maritime transport, have not been given sufficient focus. Carbon emissions from aviation and shipping are growing by three to five per cent annually, making them a concerning development. While the International Civil Aviation Organisation and International Maritime Organisation have been challenged to reduce emissions, the complexity of getting countries to share responsibility in transboundary problems still require further deliberation and negotiation.

years to chart a realistic path towards carbon-free economies and to avoid the dire consequences of climate change. The world is poised for change. This decade holds the potential for revolutionary action and the reversal of damage done. I anticipate the submission of renewed NDCs reflecting greater ambition, the refining of the Paris Rulebook, and a willingness to challenge boundaries. As civil societies and other stakeholders demand greater action, governments must harness innovations, create new synergies between actors, and resolve differences on the global stage to respond adequately.

These challenges to climate governance are just the tip of the iceberg. 2020 is a crucial year for climate action. Scientists have warned repeatedly that intense reforms are required in the coming

2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 25) held in Madrid, Spain

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GEOSPHERE ESSAY WRITING COMPETITION WINNING ENTRY Joshua Wee Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

The annual Geosphere Essay Writing Competition is organised as an avenue for budding geographers from Junior Colleges and Integrated Programme schools to showcase their depth of critical analysis and geographic thought. This year, we chose the issue of climate change as our area of focus. All participants’ entries tackled the following question: Consider actions undertaken to mitigate and adapt to climate change across stakeholders (e.g. the Government, businesses, and individuals) in Singapore. How effective do you think they are?

s climate change poses an increasingly urgent problem to the economically and geographically vulnerable Singapore, stakeholders have to act. Due to shifts in global and regional climate patterns, Singapore has to take precautions against price fluctuations in imported food and supplies, warmer periods leading to an increased threat of vector-borne diseases, as well as the possible opening of new trade routes through the Arctic affecting Singapore’s heavily export-driven economy. The need to circumvent these pressing concerns has moved the government, businesses and individuals into action to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

with sustainable outcomes in mind. To achieve that, it needs to balance the often contradictory long-term objectives of economic growth and environmental sustainability.

The government has the ability to take on largescale projects with a wider scope of action than other stakeholders. Having the capacity and funds to do so is a key asset. In August 2019, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced that S$100 billion would go towards climate change adaptation. In response to rising sea levels, the Government has been installing coastal protection measures such as gabions at East Coast Park. Additionally, starting 2019, the mitigatory “Carbon Pricing Act” was passed, requiring industrial facilities emitting 25,000 annual tonnes of CO2e or more to pay a carbon tax of S$5 per tonne. The aim of the Act is to incentivise companies to reduce harmful emissions and adopt environmentally friendly practices to combat global warming.

While governments can take on a wide scope of operations, businesses and the private sector are important actors too. They ensure that supply chains, energy, and waste are dealt with in an environmentally friendly manner on the ground. For example, DBS Bank has influence over commercial decisions in sourcing. It can encourage suppliers to promote the development and use of environmentally friendly technologies as well as engage in good resource management practices with regards to, for instance, paper, water, and waste. As another example, Singtel has explored renewable energy for the powering of its signal towers to reduce its high carbon footprint. It has also begun an electronic waste recycling programme known as “ReCYCLE” to curtail the indiscriminate disposal of electronic waste.

In general, the state’s push against climate change has a high likelihood of success. The Government possesses both the effectiveness and resources to see these projects through to completion. Yet, at the same time, since state strategies tend to be large scale and take time to come to fruition, the Government needs to plan such strategies

[The Government] needs to balance the often contradictory long-term objectives of economic growth and environmental sustainability.

However, it is often argued that while firms’ capacity for action is present, the will and motivation behind it is absent. There is simply a lack of incentives for companies to do so. Our government can intervene by creating incentives to encourage Singaporean businesses

GEOSPHERE

to implement more Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. On the other hand, with customers paying increasing attention to the environmental (in)actions of companies they patronise, businesses may begin to place a greater emphasis on their efforts to mitigate their contributions to climate change. While the government and businesses may have the influence and power to make a difference, individuals also have a role to play. In their case, fighting against climate change extends beyond donating to organisations such as Greenpeace, or volunteering with the World Wide Fund for Nature Singapore. Individuals can also undertake mitigatory measures on a day-to-day basis, such as refusing plastic bags, opting to commute via public transport, and using electricity and water wisely. While such environmentally friendly habits are definitely not unheard of around the world, these efforts have lagged behind in Singapore. Many individuals are still apathetic and ignorant about climate change! Not feeling the direct impact of

climate change at this current stage, these individualsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; counterproductive actions can render the efforts of other stakeholders ineffective. Although they hold much potential to create positive change, the efforts of the public still have a long way to go. In todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s battle against climate change and its global effects, all stakeholders need to wake up to the reality of the situation. Businesses can no longer use CSR initiatives as merely a faĂ§ade to pacify consumers but should instead purposefully minimise harmful emissions. Governments must prioritise environmental reform policies in their decision-making calculus, while citizens need to pursue a lifestyle more responsible and proactive than that of just abandoning plastic straws. Today, it is imperative that stakeholders place action beyond acting and take genuine steps toward achieving a better planet for all.

Section II: The interviewees in the following section are people who work in Geography-related fields in spite of being outside the Geography Neil community. These people show how the discipline of Coe · Professor of Geography, University ofwhose Singapore Geography is vast andDepartment full of potential. Hear National from a researcher interest lies in Singa-

pore’s coral reefs, a conservator who “revives” animals with her artistic skills and an award-

INTERVIEWS

winning nature and conservation photographer.

Marine Biologist · Toh Tai Chong

Nature Photographer · Jayaprakash Bojan

Animal Conservator · Kate Pocklington

GEOSPHERE

Q&A

1. What do you do as a marine biologist?

Marine biologists primarily observe, test, and explain the natural phenomena found in the underwater world. There are many different areas we specialise in—I study coral reefs while other colleagues work on seagrass, mangroves, and deep ocean, etc. Personally, I think that marine biologists do more than simply research. We also play a part in addressing emerging societal concerns (e.g. should we eat raw fish?) and highlighting risks to future generations (e.g. will we have enough fish in the oceans in 50 years?). As a lecturer in the College of Alice & Peter Tan, I also play the role of teaching students how to identify the complexities of environmental problems, and how social and environmental issues are closely intertwined. 2. How would you describe Singapore’s marine ecosystem? The water here is not crystal clear like in the Maldives, but we have a very rich marine life for a seascape that is small and heavily utilised. For example, we have recorded about a third of the world’s coral species in Singapore alone. The corals were affected during times of stress (e.g. mass coral bleaching in 1998, 2010, and 2016), however, they quickly bounced back to life several months later. Hence, I would describe Singapore’s marine ecosystem as vibrant, full of surprises, and resilient. 3. What motivated you to start Our Singapore Reefs (OSR) and what does OSR do? When I started diving in Singapore in 2010, I noticed that there was trash on our reefs. As much as the scientists in Singapore would

WITH MARINE BIOLOGIST

DR. TOH TAI CHONG have liked to pick them all up ourselves, there were only a few of us to do so back then. We would organise an annual clean-up amongst ourselves, but it was hard to keep all these sites clean. The monsoon season made things more difficult as more trash would be washed up from elsewhere. We also had a lot of volunteers from the public at that time, including teenagers, families, and professionals who had asked if they could help support our efforts, including in marine research. We took in some of them, but the technicality of the job made it difficult to assign appropriate tasks to the growing pool of volunteers. We also had to be very selective (when accepting volunteers or giving out tasks), as research diving is more demanding than recreational diving. Hence in 2017, I co-founded OSR, aiming to link scuba divers in Singapore with other stakeholders who are keen to clean up Singapore’s reefs. Our partners include government agencies, corporate partners, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) who help us procure diving boats. The idea is to highlight the perils of marine trash, raise awareness of marine biodiversity, and more importantly, come together to clean our waters. OSR believes in forging partnerships and values relationships. We aim to achieve this through a range of activities such as talks; participating in community networks to ideate or raise concerns; supporting scientific research; mentoring youths; and developing educational materials. Our most recent project involves the development of the new “Young Marine Biologist Badge” (this scheme was first started in 1982) with Science Centre Singapore, Singapore Institute of Biology, and a local primary school.

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Public outreach is an integral part of Our Singapore Reefsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; advocacy efforts to highlight the perils of marine trash

4. What challenges does OSR face? Funding, funding, and more funding. Boat rental costs are astronomically high in Singapore. We have received tons of support over the last two years. However, the challenge of coming up with new ideas and pitches to secure sustained funding always remains at the back of our mind.

From the data collected through our cleanups, close to 75% of the marine litter comprises plastic materials

GEOSPHERE

5. How can individuals or organisations play a not a given), and even present well. So, the key is role? to find out what individuals are able/interested to do, start participating in events organised by For individuals, especially the youths, my advice nature groups, and talk to people to see how they is to not underestimate what you can do. I was a can help so that there is a complementary match panelist at an event organised by a social enterprise between skills and needs. and a member of the audience started his question with, “I’m just an undergrad, but I’ve worked with For organisations, I think it is important to support the United Nations Environment Programme”. I smaller nature groups. Like small and mediumwas immediately impressed, because how many sized enterprises, the smaller nature groups are of us have had the experience of working with limited in resources, yet they do equally good such a large organisation? Why is this student work for conservation. Having sustained support downplaying his capability and experience? is useful, whether it be in the form of volunteering, There are a lot of labels (mostly negative) about sponsorships, or supporting their marketing millennials (P.S.: I am still a millennial) and I efforts. Furthermore, organisations can weave think we need to focus on what we can do. Each sustainability into their corporate DNA: the fewer one of us has a talent/skill/passion and it is resources we use, the fewer resources we require about what you can contribute with it that really to extract from the environment. matters. I have met youths who can code, manage social media accounts (YES, digital marketing is

"... organisations can weave sustainability into their corporate DNA" The briefing before each cleanup helps volunteers understand the workflow, safety management and purpose of marine cleanups

About the Author: Dr. Toh is a marine biologist and has been researching on tropical coral reefs for more than nine years. He loves the sea and believes that marine science research is instrumental in promoting environmental sustainability and education. He is currently teaching in the College of Alice & Peter Tan (CAPT) and is the Associate Director of Studies in the college.

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Q&A

WITH ANIMAL CONSERVATOR

MS. KATE POCKLINGTON Photo credit: Harith Redzuan

1. Why the interest in crocodiles?

In 2013, preparation was underway to move the collection at the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research to the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum. During restoration work, one of the more intense projects I carried out was on a crocodile shot in 1887 on the Serangoon Riverbank by G.P. Owen. Owen was often summoned to ‘rid’ the landscape of predators. Crocodiles and tigers fitted the bill. The carcass was presented to the Raffles Museum (now the National Museum) and preserved by taxidermist L.A. Fernandis. The ‘eradication of predators’ was successful concerning the tiger, but the crocodile was impressively resilient. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) had classed the Saltwater Crocodile as ‘Regionally Extinct’ in Singapore in 1996. I knew of crocodiles at Sungei Buloh, so I began researching their local history. Over six years, I found 384 records documented in newspapers and journals dating back to the 1820s.

is Alligator Island. The terms ‘alligator’ and ‘crocodile’ were used interchangeably in the past. There are no alligators in Asia except for the Critically Endangered Chinese Alligator, Alligator sinensis (Fauvel, 1879), in the province of Anhui (安徽省), China. 3. You have definitely encountered a lot of crocodiles in your research. Could you share a story of your favourite crocodile?

There are many stories littered within the newspaper reports and journals that I discovered during research. One of the most fascinating is of a crocodile that was caught in 1933 by the Orang Laut as part of a commission from a Hollywood production team. When brought back to Singapore, the crocodile, unfortunately, passed away. As with many dead crocodiles, the stomach contents were checked. Found inside were 15 dog collars with license numbers; the license years ranged from 1893–1931, locations were logged by authorities leading to the discovery of the crocodile's movements when it was alive. It had 2. What is the role of crocodiles in Singapore’s swum at least 500km, up through Malaysia as natural history? far as Segamat and back to Singapore. Despite the loss of dogs, it was an unexpected method The Saltwater Crocodile, Crocodylus porosus of tracking. (Schneider, 1801), is an apex predator—at the top of the food chain. Its presence actually gives an indication of a healthy ecosystem. "the 'eradication of They also keep mesopredators in check and maintain the balance of the biodiversity of an predators' was successful area. In terms of history, the crocodile was once much more abundant in Singapore. Their concerning the tiger, preferred habitat of mangroves was once vast, and through chronological mapping, but the crocodile was it’s possible to see where their habitats were in the past. Here, two islands suggest a historical abundance of crocodiles. One is impressively resilient." Pulau Buaya, now part of Jurong Island. The other is today’s Pulau Pawai; on old maps, it

GEOSPHERE

‘Buaya: The Making of a Non-Myth’, a map of Singapore through 384 records of crocodiles

4. Maps are very important for geographers. Could you tell us some of the design choices you’ve made in creating your map? What stories do you hope your map can tell?

For the Prep-Room project 'Buaya: The Making of a Non-Myth' at NUS Museum (2016–2018), stones from recorded locations were plotted via coordinates on a wall. A 19th Century Malay folktale stated a crocodile swallows a stone upon Locations sourced from historical records were entering a river. I was interested to see what sort integrated into Geographical Information Systems of stones a crocodile might swallow today, and (GIS) mapping, in an attempt to give a chronology thus what landscape they could depict. Some of crocodile distribution. However, the maps stones were natural to the area, yet many were ultimately represented phases of humanman-made or foreign; tarmac, concrete, tiles, and crocodile interactions. The north-west was rubble. relatively undocumented in the 1800s with limited record-making access, thus miscommunicating a The map's borders were removed to represent sparse crocodile population. The busier towns, a crocodile's vision of landscape; one not in contrast, produced more records—higher demarcated by human borders. populations created a magnified likelihood of encounters.

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A restoration project of ‘Kaiser’, a 5.5-metre-long crocodile donated to the museum in 2017

A historical location in the story of Singapore’s crocodiles, today no crocodiles inhabit the area

About the Author: Ms Pocklington is passionate about art and natural history. The result of marrying both interests has resulted in her current career as a conservator of animals— utilising her artistic skills to “revive” animal specimens by restoring them to their original state. Ms Pocklington previously worked at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History before joining the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research at NUS, which was renamed as the new Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (LKCNHM) in 2012.

‘Tailess’ is a common sight at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, easily identified by the deformity or ‘bob-tail’

GEOSPHERE

Q&A

WITH NATURE PHOTOGRAPHER

MR. JAYAPRAKASH BOJAN

1. What are some of the interesting stories that you’ve worked on in the past? Between 2015–2017, most of my work has been around the Borneo area. I was working on a project for non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to portray orangutans as magnanimous, instead of pitiful creatures with bleak futures. I wanted people to fall in love with the animal. While these animals need sympathy, they also need empathy and respect. My photo projects aim to change people’s perceptions of these primates. It was a deliberate attempt, in terms of my composition of and how I took these pictures, to focus on the primates as big and enigmatic. I have also done some projects revolving around sustainability and recycling. In fact, I did an exhibition on ‘Recycling Right’ for the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR), because recycling is a pertinent issue in Singapore. A lot of people still don’t understand the fundamentals of recycling, i.e. what can/ cannot be recycled, what items go into which bins. I saw workers personally sorting trash with their hands, which is sad, when I visited all the SembCorp sorting facilities. A lot of people don’t realise that a whole truckload of stuff can be contaminated just by dumping some food waste into the wrong bin. I saw a mountain of waste, completely contaminated at the facilities. I wanted to stir up some emotions, because emotions can change people and the way they look at recycling. Those things stick.

that go unnoticed because nobody knows about their good work. For instance, in places like Borneo, there are people doing conservation, saving animals and forests. Meanwhile, I’m only the messenger. I’ve only taken the pictures, but I get all the credit. A lot of times, I think a lot of the real heroes lose out because people don’t get to see them. So in the coming years, I’d like to focus on some unknown people who work behind-the-scenes to help save the environment. For example, I know this guy from Borneo who’s got knife slashes on his body and chest! He was surrounded by six or seven people with machetes because he was fighting the mafia, for being a police informant for illegal logging. 3. Has climate change and its growing impact spurred your interest in nature conservation? Yes, absolutely. Because I travel to different places, I see how some forests are becoming smaller. In Borneo, when I was filming my documentary in 2017, I had done some drone views and shots of the forests that were completely burnt out in 2015 or so. Those used to be pristine habitats—some of which were places where rescued orangutans would be released because it’s safe.

The current documentary that I’m working on is about a rare langur in Vietnam. I saw these langur monkeys for the first time in 2016. I’m talking about a very small portion, maybe two or three acres of land being destroyed at that time, but recently when I went back, one entire limestone 2. What are some of your future plans in your mountain, a primary habitat for these langurs, photography work? disappeared. In the future, I’m thinking of doing some peopleThat’s why I like to tell stories. Because for most centric stories, because there are lots of interesting of us, we are all living in our own comfort zones, ones to tell. I think there are many unsung heroes

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to a very large audience. But, if I could at the very least bring some change to some people around me, I think that'd be a personal win. We all have our own spheres of influence. If we can each influence these people, I think we can go a long way in educating people.

This was the photo that won Mr Jayaprakash Bojan the Grand Prize in the 2017 National Geographic Nature Photographer of the Year contest.

AWARD-WINNING PHOTO!

and you can’t really blame people for having less awareness because they’re not exposed to these things, I think everyone thinks “How can I make a big change? I’m just one person.” But that’s how it works—I tell you a story, you tell a story to another and word spreads. So, for me when I’m doing my stories, I’d love to get them

A huge male orangutan crossing a crocodile-infested river in Borneo

Workers sorting trash dumped in wrong bins with their hands

GEOSPHERE

4. What is the recipe of your storytelling? I like to keep it really simple. If my pictures cannot emotionally connect with the audience, it’s pointless. As a conservation photographer and storyteller, I don’t take pictures for myself, I do it to communicate with a larger audience. There’s really no secret formula—sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't, but I push myself to see how I can tell a story with pictures. There are some pictures that will be talked about even 20, 30, or 50 years from now because these pictures connected with people. 5. At the end of the day, what kind of impact do you hope to make on your audience? I realised that as humans, we’ll only worry or take care of anything that we love. My endeavour has been to try and help people fall in love with nature and wildlife through my photos and stories. If more and more people love nature and wildlife, our environment has a better chance of survival. 6. What more do you think can be done through your work to highlight conservation issues? I think I need to do more of what I’m doing right now. I’m more of a photographer, but for some reason, people keep calling me to give talks. I’m not very comfortable with that, but because the subject is close to my heart, I’m okay with doing it. I recently embarked on a project with World Wildlife Fund Singapore. They have a competition for young conservationist journalists. I’ll be judging the competition and then grooming some of these participants. Hopefully, I’ll influence or be able to share whatever I know with these youths so that they can become better conservationist journalists in the future.

The current context of society has also changed. For example, if I took a picture of birds sitting in a huge dump yard six or seven years ago, nobody would even bother to look at it because it’s not beautiful. Suddenly, these pictures today have more value than all those “beautiful” pictures. Why? Because everybody started talking about climate change, global warming, more people are aware of it, and have started realising that these “ugly” pictures seem to have more value because they educate people. I think photographers and storytellers must become relevant. If you’re talking about bringing change, I think you need to start thinking a little differently beyond just taking beautiful pictures. 7. As someone who’s passionate about nature conservation, what would be one key message that you want to tell your audience? Our environment needs more heroes to come forward to help share the message, take ownership, and bring change. It’s not rocket science; everybody understands the effect and harm we have caused. We may not feel this pain keenly but the damage that we have done is going to affect subsequent generations. I want to encourage the next generation to take it a little more seriously. You don’t have to be a conservationist or an environmentalist, you don’t even need to have a lot of knowledge to get involved. The knowledge will eventually come to you when you have the passion. If everybody can invest some time and spread the message, it’ll go a long way in making the planet a better place.

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The Delacour’s langur which lives on limestone mountains that are being destroyed in Vietnam

"it's not rocket science; everyone understands the effect and harm we have caused." About the Author: Born in the hills of Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, India, surrounded by beautiful landscapes, Mr Bojan describes his interest in nature as “a natural progression”, and it led him to pick up nature photography as a hobby. It was only in 2013 when he took nature photography seriously. His work has led him to travel across the world in search of wildlife. His interest in the alarming endangerment of primate species led him to travel around Southeast Asia, including Vietnam and Indonesia, to take a series of photographs about them. He won the Grand Prize in the 2017 National Geographic Nature Photographer of the Year contest.

Section III: The Geography Department co-hosts four Minor Programmes with other Departments in NUS. Students can look forward to the multi-disciplinary curriculum these programmes offer. Hear from current undergraduates on how reading the Minors

MINORS

have impacted their study in NUS.

Urban Studies 路 Kamarunnisa Ismail

INTRODUCING THE FOUR

Geosciences 路 Chua Wee Han

Geographical Information Systems 路 Chew Zheng Xiong (Lawrence)

Aquatic Ecology 路 Goh Rui Ting

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Kamarunnisa Ismail, Year 4 Undergraduate, Major in Geography with Minor in Urban Studies 1. Why did you choose this minor?

be applied so easily to our everyday lives.

I've always been fascinated by urban spaces and how they influence our daily lives. I thought that the minor will be useful in equipping me with the basic foundation to understand urban issues, especially since I am interested in pursuing something urban-related in the future. I believe that learning about our urban environments is important in helping us understand how we can create a more inclusive environment and can help those who have been disenfranchised. This is the main reason why I got into urban geography in the first place. I am a firm believer that learning about our urban environment can empower us to find solutions that will improve the way we live.

This knowledge proved to be useful during my previous internships at the National Heritage Board, where I got to see how issues related to the conservation-redevelopment dilemma play out in real life. The minor helped me understand the different point of views, interests, and needs that various stakeholders might have.

Several departments under the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and School of Design and Environment offer modules that count towards fulfilling the minor requirements. Hence, the modules provided good opportunities to learn about urban issues from different perspectives. The knowledge that I have acquired through these modules relate closely to Geography and can be easily applied to other multiple modules. I also find it amazing how it can

If you're in the minor, I highly encourage you to have conversations with the different professors outside of class. Most of them have been in the industry for a long time and have very interesting stories that you can learn from. My favourite modules under this minor have got to be SC3206 and RE2701. Dr Goh and Dr Choo were always open to share their experiences and insights, which is something you can never learn from reading a book or academic papers. For example, Dr Choo explained to us the process of coming up with the Simpang Development Guide Plans which he was a part of. Meanwhile, Dr Goh also shared fun facts such as the meaning behind Singapore Tourism Boardâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s logo, which is shaped like the bat windows found on shophousesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;commonly believed to draw in good fortune.

About the Minor: The Minor in Urban Studies is co-hosted with the Department of Real Estate from the School of Design and Environment. The Minor aims to equip students with a range of knowledge in urban-related fields. Students can choose core and elective modules ranging from urban design and planning, urban economics and finance and social/cultural studies in urban landscapes.

URBAN STUDIES

2. How does this minor value-add to your Geography major?

3. What advice would you give to those who are considering this minor?

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

GEOSPHERE

Chew Zheng Xiong (Lawrence), Year 3 Undergraduate, Major in Geography with Minor in GIS and Minor in Urban Studies

1. Why did you choose this minor? I chose this minor partly due to my first exposure to an introductory course on Python programming. The course showed me the versatility and beauty of programming to solve real-world issues. When my friends were considering the minor, I didn't give much thought then, but when I researched more on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and its wide variety of uses, I was simply blown away. Thus, I chose this minor as another step towards understanding the combination of Geography and technology. 2. How does the minor value-add to your Geography major? The imputation of large amounts of data and symbolising it for analysis that was previously tedious has now become a matter of seconds and a few clicks of the mouse. This enables research to be dealt with at a

more spatial scale when needed. The minor also gave me a newfound appreciation for mapsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;especially since the crafting and visualisation of it must be meaningful. 3. What advice would you give to those who are considering this minor? The world of GIS is bigger than you expect, and the minor is just merely the tip of the iceberg. Don't expect the minor to give you the competencies of a GIS analyst or GIS web developer because you do have to set aside time on your own to do projects and build up your own CV in order to develop your career in those aspects. However, the minor does provide a very good foundation to start you off, though it also depends on the combination of electives you choose.

About the Minor: The Minor in GIS aims to equip students with the technical and theoretical skills of increasingly ubiquitous multi-disciplinary technologies. Students read three core modules which aim to introduce and hone their skills in GIS, one quantitative methods module and at least three elective modules from the following two clusters: System Development and Applications. The System Development Cluster groups modules are offered by the School of Computing, while the Applications Clusters groups modules are offered by other Departments, where each module explores a unique perspective of applications in their field.

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1. Why did you choose this minor and this Science background has taught me much cluster? about the interactions and dependencies of the living agents, but non-living agents Since young, I’ve been really curious about are usually side-lined. As I am currently the origins and processes of the Earth. pursuing two majors—Life Sciences Thus, I chose this minor as it has allowed and Communications and New Media, me to study in-depth, Earth Science and the this minor has solidified my interest in environment. From the formation of the communicating science to the public. One Earth and geological formations to critical of the career choices I am interested in is geography and topics like biophilia, I’ve to be a science communicator. The idea is learnt it all! It’s really an enriching minor. to broadcast science to the public, educate Three core and elective modules each are them and garner interest in the topic at needed to complete the minor. The core hand. Not only does this minor teach modules were pretty fixed with GE2220 and content, but it also develops skills on how XD3103, and another foundation science (I to manage and present data effectively. As took LSM2252, although there are others). such, a Geoscience minor is beneficial in For the electives, there are three clusters terms of the in-depth knowledge and firstof studies one can choose to study in, from hand application it offers. the Physical Environment, Environment and Society and Science/Engineering, of which they have a different focus of the 3. What advice would you give to those environment. I chose two from the first who are considering this minor? cluster, and one from the second, as it If you’re interested in knowing complements my study of environmental environmental processes and applying biology and ecology. them to learn how to save the environment amidst climate change, pick this minor. Nonetheless, no matter what you pursue— 2. How has this minor value-added to your keep an open mind, read widely, and don’t majors? ever give up! Although this minor has been This minor has exposed me to other aspects tough, persistence and passion will pay off! of the physical sciences, of how we view “Don’t fear pressure, for pressure is what our relationship with the environment and turns stones into diamonds!” from there, manage it. Previously, my Life

About the Minor: The Minor in Geosciences aims to equip students with deeper knowledge of the Earth and environmental processes. Students read three core modules that include two compulsory Geography modules and a Science module of their choice, then read elective modules from three clusters of specialised domains; Physical Environment, Environment and Society and Science/Engineering. The Physical Environment Cluster groups Geography and Life Sciences modules that delve into the natural environment. The Environment and Society Cluster groups modules that explore the human-environment relationship. Some of these modules are offered by other Departments. Lastly, the Science/Engineering Cluster groups modules from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Chemistry.

GEOSCIENC ES

Chua Wee Han, Year 3 Undergraduate, Major in Life Sciences and Second Major in Communications and New Media, with Minor in Geosciences and Minor in Aquatic Ecology

GEOSPHERE

Goh Rui Ting, Year 2 Undergraduate, Major in Geography with Minor in Aquatic Ecology

1. Why did you choose this minor?

AQUATIC ECOLOGY

I chose this minor because I am interested in aquatic ecology (AE), particularly animals living in the ocean as they are very fascinating. Thus, I was very interested in the module LSM4257 Aquatic Vertebrate Diversity. This minor provides you with research and report writing skills that are suitable for future work in the scientific research industry. It also gives you experience in planning and executing a project of your interest. In addition, you will gain exposure to and have experience in using statistical software for results analysis, especially in the field of Science.

and willing to give consultations. The teaching assistants in the lab are just as helpful, offering advice about our reports. The friends I made during the lab sessions also helped me a lot during this journey. In addition, the Science students generally know a lot more, but do not be intimidated by them, just ask for help! 3. What advice would you give to those who are considering this minor? They should carefully consider if they can handle the workload of Science modules, as some modules have biweekly lab sessions for four hours while others have weekly sessions. A great deal of Mathematics and Statistics is also involved in this minor.

2. How does this minor value-add to your If possible, I’d encourage you to take this Geography major? minor with your Geography friends so you can help each other. Don’t be afraid to ask This minor complements my Geography for help from your Science classmates too— major as there are a few Geography-related they have a lot they can teach you! concepts involved, such as river formation processes. We had to first learn about the However, should you want to learn about characteristics and formations of the rivers marine vertebrates, you might want to and seas, before learning about how these consider carefully, as this minor has limited habitats facilitated the growth of varying content about them. types of marine organisms in the respective Overall, AE proved to be more challenging locations. than I had anticipated. Note that the Life While some of the content learnt enriched Sciences (LSM-coded) modules are not my Geography knowledge, others were eligible for S/U, so consider your aptitude rather foreign and complicated, requiring and do expect to commit a lot of time and me to develop new skills. But don’t fear, effort for the modules. the professors are generally very friendly

About the Minor: The Minor in Aquatic Ecology is co-hosted with the Department of Biological Sciences from the Faculty of Science. The Minor aims to equip students with theoretical, practical, and research skills in current issues relating to marine ecologies and aquatic sciences. Students read four core modules offered by both host departments, including SP3203 Aquatic Ecology Research—a module specially created for students pursuing the Minor, then read elective modules that help augment their knowledge.

Section IV: Geography is everywhere, and so are our Geography majors! Read about the vibrant experiences from students who have travelled across the world through Neil Coe Âˇ Professor

the myriad of overseas programmes such as the StudentofExchange Department of Geography, National University Singapore Programme

OVERSEAS EXPOSURE

(SEP), NUS Overseas Colleges (NOC), and field studies modules.

GE3230A Field Studies in Southeast Asia

NUS Overseas Colleges (NOC) Stockholm

GE4221 Field Investigation in Human Geography

Student Exchange Programme (SEP)

GEOSPHERE

How Yan Yi, Trudie, Year 2 Undergraduate Trudie read GE3230A Field Studies in Southeast Asia in AY18/19 Special Term (Part I). 1. How was your experience in the countries imagined by a group of artists who were formerly where you did GE3230A? refugees of the Khmer Rouge. The art school and circus have inspired many young people to During our field studies trip, we visited develop their creative talents as a form of peaceCambodia, Thailand, and Laos, where we were building and healing from previous trauma and tasked to complete two main projects that bloodshed. required much groundwork. My first project focused on the changing landscapes of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. My group decided to investigate the process and impact of privatisation on the city by conducting multiple interviews and visitations to several sites to observe the place. It was intriguing to learn about the struggles and contestations of urban redevelopment in Phnom Penh, which has undergone massive changes in the last decade. The second project that required much fieldwork was in Kalasin Province, Thailand, where we collected snails from several sites in the village like the paddy fields, ponds, and rivers, and subsequently tested them for infection by a parasite called Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov). It was an interesting project because there were nearly 40 students (from NUS and Khon Kaen University) working in various teams on different aspects of the life-cycle of Ov. Ov is a water- and food-borne parasite that infects humans, and can cause fatal bile-duct cancer. In Laos and Cambodia, we visited several museums and visitor centres that gave us a glimpse into how violent histories of the past continue to affect the locals today. I was particularly captivated by the visit to Phare Ponleu Selpak, a performing arts school in Battambang, Cambodia. This place was first

FIELD STUDIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

GE3230A

2. What geographical skills did you apply and/ or learn? Taking the field studies module in AY18/19 Special Term as a year one, I didn’t manage to bring in as many theoretical geographical concepts as the seniors, so I’d say that I’ve learnt more from them than anything! Through the trip, I realised that it is necessary to be intentional in observing and reading up on a place to fully understand it. Indeed, as we have learnt in the classroom, places are fluid and change through seasons and times of day. It was truly interesting to see how such factors affected the livelihoods of the people. 3. How did this fieldwork experience enrich your NUS Geography experience? (i.e. classwork versus fieldwork) After returning home, I’ve noticed my desire to investigate more about case studies I learn in my classes. The field studies module has imparted this new-found curiosity and desire to conduct investigations of places—to look beyond the information I’m given and identify any underlying relationships.

About the Module: Offered annually during Special Term (Part I), Geography majors can look forward to conducting field studies in neighbouring Southeast Asian countries for four to five weeks. Applying geography knowledge and skills taught in the classroom to the field is an experience that every geographer ought to experience.

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Classwork in comparison to fieldwork is so different! While learning in school gives us our theoretical knowledge and probes us to think deeper, being in the actual place opens our eyes to local cultures, customs, and situational differences that can help us better understand and see first-hand how people are affected.

going to. It’s fun and helps loads, be it in expressing your basic sentiments or understanding local replies. 5. What are your key takeaways from Field Studies?

One of my key takeaways from the trip is the friendships that I’ve forged. It’s something I didn’t 4. What advice would you give geographers expect considering the short duration I got to intending to take this module? work with them. Yet, I grew close to my buddies If you’re feeling hesitant about going overseas quickly because they were so warm and friendly. for a month, I encourage you to sign up and deal One of my Thai buddies even came to Singapore with the worry later! Don’t let your fear hinder you for exchange and it was a pleasure to welcome from such an eye-opening experience! and introduce her to Singapore. To those who’ve decided to go, do remember to bring enough nice gifts and cards for your new international buddies and homestay hosts! My Cambodian buddy, Thai buddies, and homestay host were so inviting and helpful, and I constantly felt indebted to them.

I’m grateful for the opportunity to travel and engage in projects in a foreign country. It taught me to look beyond the physical appearance of a place, to dig deeper and discover the crossdimension relationships and struggles that underpin the development of a physical landscape or a socio-political condition. It’s truly an eyeAlso, keep your past lecture materials in your opening experience to understand and see how computer or upload them wherever is convenient geographical concepts we learn in the classroom and accessible for you. Trust me, they’ll come in can be applied to the real world! handy when you’re doing your assignments! Finally, if you have time, I encourage you to learn the basics of the language of the country you’re

Cambodian buddy who helped us investigate the changing landscapes of Phnom Penh, Cambodia

I was so touched when my homestay host bought my favourite local snack as a farewell gift!

GEOSPHERE

Homestay experience in Kalasin Province, Thailand

Field Studies team in Battambang, Cambodia

Inducing cercarial shedding in Bithynia snails through artificial light

Checking for parasites shed by Bithynia snails

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Hanna Diyana, Dillon How Yi-Lon and Yik Sin Kang Year 4 Undergraduates Hanna, Dillon and Sin Kang read GE4221 Field Investigation in Human Geography in AY19/20 Semester 1. 1. Tell us more about the everyday geographies thereby functioning as an indicator of the health of life in Cambodia. of fisheries in the region. Cambodiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rural pace of life is significantly slower than Singaporeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. While NUS students constantly have deadlines at the back of their minds, the villagers adopted a "go with the flow" mentality. However, relaxed as they were, they still abided by fixed routines, always having mental checklists of chores to do (e.g. going to the market, cooking meals, etc.).

2. What geographical skills did you apply and/or learn?

NUS Geography has trained us to be highly proficient in viewing almost anything with a critical geographical lens. Stepping into the village, we began visualising concepts such as eco-tourism, development, production networks This stark difference in the relationships with time and sustainability, dissecting how each village was extremely insightful, as the rush between interacted with larger geographical forces at work. home and work was almost non-existent for the This was extremely beneficial in conceptualising villagers. Furthermore, unlike in Singapore, a framework for our assigned reports. the home and workspaces are not clearly distinguished, as farmers live on their own plots However, the fieldwork gave us many challenges of cropland, while fishermen lived on floating which we were unprepared for. With most of our villages. With their workspace (literally) at their primary data collected through interviews, our doorsteps, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s almost as if they spend their lives first challenge was the language barrier. Despite immersed in work, but without the stress and being accompanied by highly competent buddies anxiety of average Singaporeans. from our partner universities in Cambodia, it was still impossible to pick up all the nuances in their Some Cambodians have a unique relationship responses, and no amount of preparation could with nature. As our team was tasked to investigate have prepared us for this. Over time, we learnt to conservation efforts of Mekong Dolphins along the observe little details, such as facial expressions Mekong River, we were blessed with opportunities and body positioning, and the overall mood and to interact with many fishermen and boatmen. tone of the conversation. While they did not have a full understanding of ecosystem services and the intricate food- Another challenge was the different relationships web along the river, they still have the utmost with time. Although most of us were accustomed respect for its wildlife. Thus, most locals seek to to being punctual, we also have to remember that protect the dolphins, with some mentioning the we were foreign guests and the villagers still had long-term financial benefits they bring, their their daily routines to prioritise, making delays cultural significance, and how they have become inevitable. However, we were still extremely a part of their local identity. Livelihoods were touched and grateful to have them put aside so also commonly mentioned, as healthy dolphin much of their lives to spend time and share their populations indicate healthy fish populations, experiences with us.

FIELD INVESTIGATION IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

GE422 1

A nature hike in the early morning to gather some data

GEOSPHERE

3. How does this field investigation experience enrich your NUS Geography experience? (i.e. classwork versus fieldwork)

studies are about: to fully immerse yourself in the life of the villagers and experience the geographies that influence their way of life. Only through this can one fully understand the beauty of fieldwork, and how essential it To move beyond classroom-based learning, is to Geography as a subject. all of us should try stepping out of our comfort zone to participate in some form of fieldwork. A big part of being a geographer 5. What are your key takeaways from Field is experiencing the subject out in the field. Investigation? Only through this experience can one fully understand and appreciate the real-life and While living conditions are not fantastic, hands-on application of Geography lacking what the villagers lack in amenities, they in other aspects of the curriculum. Thus, make up for in hospitality. This hospitality, we’re extremely grateful for the opportunity and their willingness to share about their to attend this field investigation, to culture, is one of the most heart-warming experience a small slice of village life in and humbling things we've personally Cambodia through our fieldwork, and to experienced in our lives, and it is something develop a deeper understanding of and no 6-star hotel out there can ever match appreciation for their way of life. up to. Aside from all the new geographical knowledge we have learned in this journey through Cambodia, many of us also learned 4. What advice would you give geographers important life lessons, such as gratefulness intending to take this module? and humility. Go with an open mind. To many, a big turnoff would be the living conditions in the villages. Don’t let that deter you from taking this module (or field studies). Although it’ll take a while to get used to, village homestays are a big part of what field investigation and

About the Module: GE42221 is an Honours module offered to Honours students. Students have the opportunity to gain hands‐on skills and research design practice through residential fieldwork involving topics in Human Geography. The fieldwork is conducted within the semester, including preparatory work and post field trip analysis, presentations and project outcomes. You may refer to https://libds. nus.edu.sg/river for more information.

A fisherman off to rest after fishing in the early morning

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Happy faces on one of our many boat trips

A traditional wooden house on one of the islands we ventured to

GEOSPHERE

NUS Overseas College (NOC)

STOCKHOLM

KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Anukriti Banerjee Year 3 Undergraduate Anukriti went on NOC to KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and interned at Swedish Care International in AY18/19 Semester 1.

Main highlights of NOC: My NOC experience has been full of exciting learning opportunities. I’ve met so many inspiring people this year—World Health Organisation directors, policymakers, CEOs, business leaders, and even royalty. I’ve travelled solo to almost 20 countries, solidified my network and connections in Stockholm, and interacted with professionals through hackathons and entrepreneurship-related events. The highlight is definitely having had the opportunity to represent my company Swedish Care

International along with my CEO at the state visit of Their Majesties the King and Queen of Sweden to India. The visit commemorated the ten-year completion of a Memorandum of Understanding between India and Sweden. I had the honour of attending the roundtable discussion held at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi where doctors, professors, and experts shared insights on strategies to improve the diagnosis and care for dementia.

It's always fun working with new people and understanding their unique perspectives!

With opportunities like these, I sometimes forgot I was just an intern!

Main takeaways from NOC: NOC is all about learning. On the personal side, persevere. You will continuously encounter new hurdles—from fixing your own plumbing issues to being stranded on a highway—and your willpower will be key in overcoming such challenges.

should understand and respect people’s boundaries—if after-work emails are not welcome, don’t send or expect them!

Entrepreneurially, I learnt about the struggles of running a start-up. From ideating to funding, Professionally, mark your boundaries. As a first- creating a company is a long, time-consuming, time intern, I thought that I was expected to put in and often disheartening process. There is a lot of more hours to make a good impression. However, room for failure no matter how fool-proof your this ‘good impression’ is formed from your work’s idea may seem. You need the utmost commitment quality, not the number of hours put in. One to make your plan work.

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NOC is about jumping hurdles and climbing walls, literally

Catching the Northern Lights was an indescribable feeling

What do you have to say to those who are considering NOC? (Why or why not? What are some considerations?) NOC is all about growth—personally and professionally. However, growth is not easy or comfortable and neither is NOC. It is challenging in many ways. You must balance both work and academic matters while taking every chance to try new things. You must be prudent with your time and budget. It can be overwhelming sometimes, but in the end, it’s all worth it.

into your candidature. Make sure your modules are in place and you have the credits to go on a one-year program. It requires much planning but don’t let that discourage you.

Finally, don’t worry too much about ‘qualifying criteria’. I went in my second year, with no prior internship experience or entrepreneurial background and still got my first choice. If you’re As a Geography student, the biggest consider- considering it, just apply. Save the overthinking ation will be ensuring that the programme fits for later.

"NOC is all about growth..." What made you choose NOC instead of SEP? I wanted to spend some time abroad and I found NOC to be much more structured than SEP. NOC helps you develop your professional side a lot more. It’s a fantastic opportunity to make good connections, gain practical experiences, and grow as an individual. The programme pushes you to make the most out of your time abroad as your overall performance also depends on how many connections you make and the events you participate in.

Being entrepreneurial is more than just about starting a company. It is about realising gaps, finding opportunities, driving success, and being resilient enough to bounce back from one failure after another stronger each time. These are skills that can be applied in any situation or circumstance and NOC really teaches you how to do that.

GEOSPHERE

Go forth and conquer

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Tips for being on NOC Stockholm from Anukriti • Come with an open mind. Allow small things to surprise you. Appreciate differences and don’t compare it to how things are back at home. • Attend as many events as possible. Savour the new experiences, even if it means going alone sometimes. • Plan well and travel as much as possible. • Enjoy nature! You are never too far away from a lake or forest, even in a proper city like Stockholm. Dress for the weather and be outside as much as possible. • Learn basic Swedish phrases. Almost everyone speaks English but some things like announcements in the trains or menus at small shops are in Swedish. Instead of expecting people to adapt to you, adapt to them. It makes all the difference. • Ask for help when needed. Don’t feel the need to suffer in silence. Voice out your concerns and seek comfort when you need to! • Go forth and conquer.

About the NUS Overseas Colleges programme (NOC): NOC provides NUS students with the opportunity to embark on an entrepreneurial internship in a technology-based start-up, whilst simultaneously attending courses in a partner university in either one of twelve global entrepreneurial locations or in Singapore. Find out more about the programme via https://enterprise. nus.edu.sg/education-programmes/nus-overseas-colleges/

GEOSPHERE

Student Exchange Programme (SEP)

vancouver

University of British Columbia (UBC)

Mak Zhi Rong Gilbert Year 3 Undergraduate Gilbert went on SEP to the University of British Columbia in AY19/20 Semester 1.

Main highlights of SEP: I miss the community of international friends that I have bonded with! The honest and heartfelt conversations have established solidarity in knowing that we face similar problems despite the international distance, while going for musicals and exploring the city together fulfilled our inner thrill-seekers. Spending time doing the mundane and the exciting together have also developed close friendships that I will cherish over the years.

Not forgetting, the various hiking opportunities that Vancouver offered. The most memorable hike was at Garibaldi National Park where some friends and I ascended The Black Tusk. It was truly a wonderful experience as the landscape transitioned from temperate rainforest to a wintry forest with a magical flair, to the snow-laden fields with piercing winds as we ascended. The view at the top was truly unforgettable as I got to see the crystal blue lake amidst the surrounding mountains.

Main takeaways from SEP: Learning to be independent was definitely a plus. SEP was a safe space to develop my own strategies to handle the daunting demands of adulthood. It was a space to learn from the North American approach to Geography, and to find a balance between studying, working, and freeing up time to travel and explore the West Coast of the USA. The issue of mental health was certainly a key issue that had to be managed as winter in Van-

couver produced fickle weather conditions and shorter days of sunlight. These combined definitely affected my energy level. Being proactive in finding support systems was incredibly important to manage the demands of living abroad. I found that regularly meeting friends who respected and granted a safe space to air my troubles helped to alleviate some stress and encouraged problem-solving.

The Nitobe Memorial Garden shows off beautiful fall colours

Some newfound friends documenting our accomplishment while braving the cold winds

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What do you have to say to those who are considering SEP? (Why or why not? What are some considerations?) It will be good to list the goals that you would like to achieve while on exchange. Between the parties and the travelling, I think there are specific things that SEP provides beyond ordinary travelling. I found that an international student’s life is an incredibly powerful status to have. Not only is it a great conversation starter, mentioning that you’re on exchange opens up the opportunity for local students to play host and show glimpses of local culture and places that would have been challenging to discover on your own.

That said, acquiring sufficient financial resources is usually the biggest concern, but it should not be a factor. There are many scholarships available to either fund exchange expenses directly, or to offset total university expenditure. An honest heartfelt statement—on the invaluable experiences and friendships to be gained from exchange—will support your applications for grants and scholarships.

Garibaldi washed-blue at the Black Tusk Viewing Point

GEOSPHERE

"bring an adventurous spirit!" Tips for being on SEP in UBC from Gilbert Bring an adventurous spirit! UBC is close to North Vancouver where great hikes and memories await. Those who love the outdoors should make full use of Vancouverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sunny days to hike.

Also, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t worry too much about missing home. The best part about multicultural Vancouver is the availability of Asian cuisines. Just an hour away from campus are great Singaporean and Malaysian restaurants to relieve home-cooked food cravings. The campus is also big on recycling and compost- The best Malaysian restaurant I have discovered ing. There will be some adjustment to start sort- is John 3:16. It is an hour away from campus and ing out waste and composting but these are good sells authentic Southeast Asian foods. Their Ipoh habits to adopt. hor fun and char kway teow have certainly fulfilled my nagging lack of wok hei.

Thunderbird Stadium: UBC Thunderbirds' home to football

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Student Exchange Programme (SEP)

Wee Yong En Christal Year 4 Undergraduate Christal went on SEP to the University of Hong Kong in AY18/19 Semester 1.

hong kong University of Hong Kong (HKU)

Main highlights of SEP: My most memorable experience on SEP was taking a field trip learning module where we studied about and visited rural China. It was a once-in-a-lifetime experience as the places we visited were so rural and non-touristy that it would have been impossible to go on my own. We visited farms, local businesses, abandoned villages which had opened up to

tourism to preserve the culture, and even UNESCO site Zhang Jia Jie. Beyond that, I made many new friends especially from my residences from all across the world, with whom I had conversations over meals.

My groupmates and I in a 'left-behind children & elderly' village in rural China

Zhang Jia Jie â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a stunning karst landscape in Hunan, China

GEOSPHERE

Main highlights of SEP: While academic life was pretty similar to what we have back in NUS, it was a whole new experience living alone. I stayed in the student accommodations in Kennedy Town, a little university town. I had to juggle my school work and other household chores I would not usually do—like cooking and laundry—on top of being away from the comfort of family and friends. I found that cooking helped me to destress after a long day and I got more cre-

ative with my meals as time went by. I also learnt how to manage my time and money. I was on my own with no restrictions—free to do what I wanted to. This forced me to make better choices about my time and how I spent my money, which I think is a valuable life lesson.

What do you have to say to those who are considering SEP? (Why or why not? What are some considerations?) Just go! There’s nothing to lose from going on SEP as long as you don’t go with the mindset that it’s going to be a free holiday. Be prepared to adapt to different styles of teaching and learning. In fact, I found myself taking more risks (writing on topics I would never have done in NUS, using new writing styles, and taking modules out of my comfort zone), in view of the fact that CAP is not counted while on SEP!

Cost may be a consideration for those going on SEP, but because Hong Kong is rather close to Singapore and it is less feasible to hop from city to city (like in Europe), I saved a lot of money by just exploring the local neighbourhoods, parks, museums, and hiking trails. It also gave me a much richer appreciation of Hong Kong culture!

Many weekends were spent soaking in Hong Kong Disneyland's magical atmosphere

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Tips for being on SEP in HKU from Christal Unfortunately, the political climate in Hong Kong has changed drastically since Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve been there. From what I hear from friends there, things can get disruptive and even dangerous if you happen to be caught in a protest zone.

society, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s good to pick up some common words!

While eating out is a tad bit more expensive than eating out in Singapore, food in Hong Kong is amazing. From breakfast at the cha chaan teng, dim sum for lunch and roast meats for dinner, you Language-wise, Cantonese is the commonly spo- wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get hungry in Hong Kong. ken language and to really integrate among the

"be prepared to adapt to different styles of teaching and learning."

GEOSPHERE

Student Exchange Programme (SEP)

Donovan Liew Yi Heng Year 3 Undergraduate Donovan went on SEP to King’s College London in AY19/20 Semester 1.

london

King’s College London (KCL)

Main highlights of SEP: Needless to say, London is a perfect place for travelling around Europe, but as you’ll unlikely be a student here again, weigh the opportunities that you might have to forgo should you choose to be a 100% tourist here. Walking the same path daily, frequenting the same supermarket, and returning to the same apart-

ment to cook with a diverse yet interesting bunch of student neighbours will never be what tourists would encounter. So, travel and explore for sure, but also remember to cherish the mundane daily encounters which will undoubtedly shape your lasting memory of London—or whichever city you pick.

"the world is your classroom as a student of Geography..." Catching up over takeaway Fish & Chips at King’s Cross Station in London

Main takeaways from SEP: The world is your classroom as a student of Geography—be it in Singapore, the UK, or the rest of the world. Even with the world ‘shrinking’, ‘place’ still matters, and thus for me, being there and experiencing first-hand the buzz of London was a no-brainer. Especially being positioned amidst a significant watershed moment, where Brexit was being negotiated and debated upon, my semester at King’s College London was pretty much me being bombarded by the daily chatter regarding

Brexit and politics in the UK. Together with the occasional Extinction Rebellion protests and university strikes, these developments took me aback at the start. However, the passion on display for each cause started to make me reflect more about home, be it in terms of Singapore’s stand regarding climate action, regionalism or even adequate preparations for retirement.

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The People’s Vote protest—where one million took to the streets

What do you have to say to those who are considering SEP?

(Why or why not? What are some considerations?) Although London was my pick, London may not be for you if you intend to escape the city. With bicycles zooming around, ambulances screaming past, and with jaywalking seemingly still condoned, life simply flies past. Sipping on a coffee alongside London Bridge at 8:30 am on a weekday was simply a sight to behold with the endless human traffic walking across to the north of the Thames. Being an English-speaking cosmopolitan city with a significant Asian population—London is clearly not the most difficult place to find one’s footing. Familiar goods can be found, albeit at interesting prices—toilet paper and eggs are expensive, whereas clothes, ice cream, and even organic broccoli can be much cheaper. Bustling Portobello Road Market on Saturdays

GEOSPHERE

Tips for being on SEP in KCL from Donovan SEP provides an opportunity to live and study in a different country with a different culture, and selecting King’s entails selecting a university with campuses that are compact but separate, without a sprawling unified campus like NUS. For these reasons, I chose to spend more of my time travelling around the region and preparing meals in the evenings together with my flatmates. Choosing where you live also determines who you live with. With many NUS students headed to

King’s, staying together is surely an option. However, living alongside non-NUS students has its own merits. I spent the most time with my flatmates—four Americans, a French, and an Australian. The conversations we shared became what I missed the most. All in all, and with no regrets, I shall bid London farewell; and also with much gratitude, say a big thank you to everyone who has shaped my SEP experience.

Christmas tree at Somerset House, adjacent to King’s Strand Campus

Evenings spent with flatmates over dinner and drinks

Catching a match at Anfield

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Student Exchange Programme (SEP)

Megan Sim Yi-Shi Year 4 Undergraduate Megan went on SEP to University of Washington in AY18/19 Semester 2.

seattle

University of Washington (UW)

Main highlights of SEP: SEP has brought so many fond memories that Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll always remember, from forging new friendships with other international exchange students and road trips, to the exciting experiential field trips spent seeing the physical geographical features around Seattle.

for the whole game and an uplifting atmosphere fuelled by the marching band and cheerleaders! Staying on campus was another main highlight because thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s where my home was for the three months, and having the locals as roommates exposed me to different college cultures. Also, having to attend classes during winter was a whole The people I met made my experience enriching new experience from the mundane Singapore and memorable. We went to a few of the basketball weather because it looked so picturesque whenmatches UW was playing in and the school spir- ever I stepped outside, like I was in a movie! it was at a whole new level, with endless cheers

"the people i met made my experience enriching and memorable."

Road trip at the Monument Valley in Utah

Wintertime on campus!

GEOSPHERE

Main takeaways from SEP: I think one of the biggest takeaways for me was broadening my perspective and adapting to the surroundings even if it didn’t go as expected. This pushed me to experience new things and absorb what the place had to offer. For example, participating in different college events, trying out activities I never would have back home (like winter camping) or even things I did but in a different environment, like joining the college band. I had the opportunity to perform in one of their concerts, which was exhilarating!

Also, we can’t control some things, only how we respond to them. The first time I stepped into my room was nerve-wracking—it was small, and I didn’t know my roommates. I eventually got to know them better and became comfortable in my living space. It got me to be more self-reliant and accept how different cultures can blend, creating new experiences.

Post-concert with the UW Concert Band and other exchange students

What do you have to say to those who are considering SEP? (Why or why not? What are some considerations?) The idea of being away from the comfort of our home is definitely daunting, especially when you’re all the way in the States. Missing your family and friends, the cheap hawker food (since living expenses are high in Seattle), and the highly reliable and affordable transport system. And most importantly, safety! Having to be extra careful when you’re out alone, especially at night was certainly stressful, which really made me miss Singapore even more. However, all these challenges allowed

me to grow and learn more about myself, such as finding different means of communication with people and learning how to integrate into a new environment. Buying groceries and preparing meals for myself, as well as navigating and walking around city centres, were also satisfying. All these made me want to explore as much of the city as I could, especially the small details I might have neglected in my everyday life.

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Cherry blossoms on campus during springtime!

Outings to nearby beaches during the weekends

Tips for being on SEP in UW from Megan Well, I spent most of my time in Seattle where UW was, which is the largest city in Washington state and also one of the safest places in the US. Although the States is often not thought of as the safest place, simply having more awareness of your surroundings and talking to more locals to understand the place will give you an amazing time.

help when budgeting. Constantly keeping track of what you’ve spent is essential, especially since you’d want to try everything there!

Going on exchange is not necessarily something everyone wants, but if you do go for it, then I’d say make full use of your time there, do things you’ve never had the chance to do! That’s what makes the Also, the living expenses in the States are high, so experience so wonderful. planning out your meals and transport fees will

Section V: What can Geography majors work as? Where do they work? Read about students who interned at various places over the summer and have a

INTERNSHIPS

glimpse into what working at these places is like.

Dixon @ Unilever

Siang Nee @ the Singapore Tourism Board

Natalie @ the National Parks Board

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Ho Wei Kit Dixon, Year 4 Undergraduate Dixon interned at Unilever during the summer of AY18/19.

structured and offered many learning opportunities. While interning at a “good” company is good for your CV, you should Many of the things that I learnt in the also consider your interests, direction in classroom make more sense now. I used life, and the company culture. If you're not to ask myself “Why am I learning any of aligned with the culture, you might not enjoy this when I’m not using it in the future?”. your time, especially if you’re spending six However, during my internship, I applied months there. I received another offer from things learnt in school such as data analysis a major multinational corporation (MNC) and cultural factors from Geography but I chose Unilever because of its flexible modules, and marketing and business work culture. development from Business modules. School eventually became more meaningful to me. 3. What were the big highlights, like the I also learnt that nothing will happen unless projects you were tasked with? you act—we should actively find solutions, Over the past few years, Unilever has rather than passively waiting for one. acquired several brands. As an intern, I was Additionally, I feel that when doing things, tasked with leading the landing of a brand it is best to do it once and do it well—be in the Southeast Asian market. This is a big meticulous and attentive when doing work task for an inexperienced intern equipped because it is more tedious to repeat it. with only the knowledge acquired within the four walls of NUS Business School’s classrooms. Nevertheless, I’m not one to 2. Why did you choose to intern with this shy away from challenges. company and not others? How does one decide on an internship? Instead, I looked forward to them because they were an opportunity for me to grow When I matriculated into NUS as a Bachelor and learn. It’s not every day that you get of Business Administration student, to do something like this. I also attended everyone around me talked about Unilever some events with many popular influencers and Procter & Gamble. They were the to shoot advertisements and introduce companies to join and were “status markers” our products. It was quite an eye-opening because apparently, if you were accepted experience. by them, you have “made it”. Unilever also held many events and roadshows in Business School, so I had exposure 4. Share about a day in your life as an to them. What resonated most with me intern. was their commitment to sustainability. Many corporates do their part for the I always check my emails first because they environment, but they mostly just come never stop coming in. Our speed to market off as green-washing, yet Unilever’s felt must be fast in the fast-moving consumer sincere. goods (FMCG) industry. Hence, we must be responsive because any delays along the Internships are also about learning, right? chain can result in serious repercussions Unilever’s internship programme was for the entire project.

DIXON @ UNILEVER

1. What are the main takeaways from your internship?

GEOSPHERE

(continuation of Dixon’s response)

Besides emails, there’s a lot of Microsoft Office. Excel sheets for planning, doing sales forecasts, and analysing market research data. PowerPoint for launch plan decks to be presented to various stakeholders. Word documents for reports and contractor briefs.

own personal brand. A strong personal brand ensures that you’re remembered by recruiters and people who could potentially recommend you for jobs. For starters, update your LinkedIn profile to highlight the value you bring to companies. If you’re a creator, you can have a photography Instagram account or a Wix site to showcase These days, cross-functional teams and your portfolio. Next, Google yourself! HR will be collaboration are heavily emphasised, so my day is stalking you on the Internet so ensure that your packed with meetings with various stakeholders to social media sites have no obscene or offensive check on the project’s status and align everything. content! No two days are identical. Every day, you’ll encounter different challenges and tasks, which As cliché as it sounds, do your research on the is what makes the job fun and exciting. company. If you manage to get to the interview stage, congratulations! This is the stage where hirers will ascertain if you’re really interested 5. Do you have any tips on how to land an in joining the company and if you’re a good fit. Even if you know nothing about the company internship or how to decide on one? or have no interest in it, just do your research! Expand your social circle. It’s easier to secure Interviewers appreciate the effort that candidates an internship if you were recommended to your make! If you’re at the earlier stages of application, hiring manager by somebody who’s already ensure your cover letter and CV are tailored to working there. the job requirements of the company that you are In this digital age, it’s imperative you create your applying for.

Natalie Tan Rei Hsi, Year 4 Undergraduate Natalie interned at the National Parks Board (NParks) during the summer of AY18/19. 1. What are the main takeaways from your internship?

spaces are usually transformed into gardens and parks or ‘green’ buildings. One thing I’ve realised is that this has led many Singaporeans to One of my main takeaways was learning about misconstrue nature as these well-manicured and greenery management in Singapore and just pretty spaces, when it is so much more than that, how tricky it can be to strike a balance between and sometimes, quite the opposite. promoting green spaces and pushing for economic growth. During my internship, I learnt how even as the National Parks Board (NParks) tries to push 2. Why did you choose to intern with this for green spaces and a love for nature among particular company and not others? How does locals, they are also limited in what they can do one decide on an internship? when our national narrative largely involves Singapore as a neoliberal and capitalist state. I decided to intern here while I was away for exchange in Alaska, where it was my first time When we think about development in Singapore, it being directly exposed to climate change deniers. is unfortunately often at the expense of what little What was even more shocking was how people forested land we have left. In turn, these natural

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(continuation of Natalie’s response)

When it comes to finding an internship, interest would be the main factor. I can’t imagine taking a semester off school just to do something that I have absolutely no interest in. Personally, I only took this internship because it was what I wanted to work towards in the future.

it sparked an interest to learn more about trees. 4. Share about a day in your life as an intern. My life as an intern varies from day to day. On some days, I’m in the office all day working on different tasks at my desk. Other days, I get to tag along with my colleagues for different courses elsewhere or in the park itself doing things like tree inspections or guided tours. I particularly enjoy the days where I wasn’t stuck in the office because I realised that I’m not someone who can sit still. Therefore, being out in the park was something I always looked forward to. However, when I first joined, I dreaded doing guided tours because I didn’t like speaking to a large group of people. As time passed, I became more comfortable with it and I realised that it was also a good way to educate people about nature in Singapore and our local history.

3. What were the big highlights, like the 5. Do you have any tips on how to land an projects you were tasked with? internship or how to decide on one? Because I was based in Fort Canning Park, a lot of my projects involve managing day-today operations and promoting visitorship through events and activities. I had the opportunity to do a variety of things as Fort Canning Park is a heritage park with a larger emphasis on promoting local history. I learnt a lot about arboriculture by tagging along with my colleagues for tree inspections, as well as the humanities side of learning about how educational trails are curated. I’m grateful for my colleagues as they actively tried to teach me different things NParks is involved in so that I could decide if this was truly the path I wanted to take in the future. I was also able to interact with staff from other departments such as the Arboriculture department. Seeing how they worked was quite inspiring for me and

I think it’s really all about having a genuine passion for it. Maybe I can be a little idealistic at times, but I don’t believe in doing something I don’t care for, so truth be told, I didn’t really have to go out of my way to get this internship because I already knew what I wanted. My advice would be to explore different things and find out what you enjoy before you decide on one. At the same time, your internship can also be an opportunity for you to discover your likes and dislikes.

NATALIE @ NPARKS

were in denial when the changes were right before their eyes. I’ve always been a nature lover and passionate about environmental issues. As I reflect on life in Singapore, I feel that many of us are apathetic towards environmental issues because we’re so detached from what I consider “real” nature. I think for us to care for our environment, we must first love it. I thus strove to work at NParks because I felt that it was the best way to instil a sense of love for nature in Singaporeans because they are the main agents managing the greenery. Also, as I’m often critical about how land is cleared for development, I felt that it was necessary for me to understand the struggles that emerge when trying to retain forest land.

GEOSPHERE

SIANG NEE @ STB

Pong Siang Nee, Year 4 Undergraduate Siang Nee interned at the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) during the summer of AY18/19.

1. What are the main takeaways from your internship?

3. What were the big highlights, like the projects you were tasked with?

Through my internship at the Singapore Tourism Board (STB), I learnt how to apply my academic research skills to real-world situations! Though it often involved navigating a mass of messy data refined by search engines and advertisements, it trained my ability to find leads, search and process information quickly, and draw observations across large data sets. I also learnt a great deal about the Exhibitions and Conferences industry and their contributions to the tourism landscape both locally and globally. Also, I'm now more familiar with steep learning curves and learnt to deal with the fear and uncertainty (and excitement!) of diving into something completely outside my comfort zone!

My stint at STB involved doing research and business development for the Exhibitions and Conferences division over a period of 11 weeks. The key objectives were to thoroughly research three main industries identified by my work supervisor: the Urban Solutions, Innovation, and Retail, and the business development of those industries.

The research revolved around the global Exhibitions and Conferences industry, analysing global trends as well as Singapore’s events landscape and government policies. These were used to map out Singapore’s value proposition vis-à-vis its neighbouring countries such as Thailand, Hong Kong, and Malaysia, who have been steadily growing their capacity and capability to host Meeting, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions 2. Why did you choose to intern with this (MICE) events in a bid to increase their company and not others? How does one competitiveness. decide on an internship? The business development part of my work Working at STB has always been a dream of required me to use the research materials mine as I enjoy travelling. The Geography and information gathered and analysed to modules I've taken in NUS have also fuelled my translate Singapore’s value proposition vis-àpassion for tourism! I think for most people, vis its neighbouring countries into a proposal. 'business events' is not the first thing that The proposal provided recommendations comes to mind when they think of tourism. for new potential events to be brought into However, I was interested in combining both Singapore to enhance our MICE landscape, my interests in research and events to explore and gave suggestions to further develop or the 'business event' scene in Singapore and form new themes for existing events in order better understand their contributions to the to fill the gaps our existing events had. tourism landscape. For the Urban Solutions industry, I had to When choosing an internship, one should undertake deeper research to formulate a new view it as an opportunity to dive into an programming framework, since the previous industry or job scope that you have passion one was developed a few years ago. Whereas for to know if it is really a possible career for the Innovation and Retail industries, I was path after graduation! Be sure to discuss and given semi-finalised frameworks to validate come to an agreement with your workplace and improve on. supervisor regarding your learning outcomes and learn as much as you can from your colleagues!

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(continuation of Siang Nee’s response)

4. Share about a day in your life as an intern.

it’s the right fit. Put effort into your resume and start your internship search early! It's good to My schedule was flexible—I could choose when to use different platforms such as Glints and NUS present my findings to my supervisor. Research TalentConnect. If there is a company that you for each industry takes roughly three weeks and highly respect and wish to be a part of, try sending involves two to three meetings with the managers them an email to enquire for internship positions in charge to discuss my findings! even if there aren’t any posted! A typical day involved working from 9:30am until There are many factors that might affect your 12pm before going out for lunch with fellow decision to take on an internship—the job scope, interns or colleagues and returning to work till company reputation, industry, growth potential, 6.30pm. Occasionally, there will be welfare events working culture, salary, job location, it’s endless! such as Hari Raya Puasa celebrations held in I personally believe that the working culture, the building during lunch! I was also given the industry and growth potential are the most opportunity to observe things on the ground and important factors to consider when deciding on attended exhibitions and conferences such as an internship. Ecosperity and Innovfest Unbound. They inspired me to do my job better as I saw how my efforts would eventually pay off. 5. Do you have tips on how to land an internship or how to decide on one? Follow your heart on what you wish to learn or which industry you want to enter! Internships are great opportunities for you to better understand the industry that you wish to enter to find out if

Section VI: Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life beyond undergraduate studies in NUS? Read what our Geography alumni are up to in terms of their careers and how Geography continues to be relevant in what they

ALUMNI

do. Our alumni also work in diverse fields beyond the ones featured in this section.

Max, Class of 2017 @ the Housing & Development Board

Shen Hao, Class of 2019 @ a Wealth Management Firm

Junianti, Class of 2018 @ Ministry of Education Headquarters

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Chan Weng Kin, Max Class of 2017 Researcher, Housing & Development Board

MAX

could open up unexpected avenues and pathways in life; so do not shy away In my role as a researcher for the Housing from being yourself and take a chance at & Development Board (HDB), my job something that interests you! requires me to conduct studies and surveys to analyse customer feedback on HDB’s products and services. Generally, this 3. What motivates you to choose this would involve research related to public profession? housing and associated initiatives, where the organisation tries to understand I think that the satisfaction I derive from residents’ sentiments on facilities, which this job, and what motivates me from daywould ultimately contribute to public to-day, comes in very unexpected ways. housing improvements in the future. One example would be the random phone calls I get from members of the public! I find myself being intrigued by what they 2. Do you have any advice for those who say: their concerns with everyday life, what want to venture into this profession in the they appreciate about the public service, future? and the times they recognise our hard work and efforts in helping people on the To excel in this job, I feel that, firstly, you street. These voices really touch me as an need to be adaptable and not be afraid to employee within the service. learn new things. During my course of work, I have picked up valuable skills in I am heartened to know that all the research statistics and data analytics—domains that studies, numbers crunching, and feedback I was not previously exposed to during I have to attend to go towards furthering my undergraduate studies in NUS. Having and bettering the lives of ordinary citizens! been previously schooled in the qualitative- I am thankful that I can have such an analysis approach, quantitative analysis opportunity to learn new skills out of is something new to me. I am learning school, as I try to carve out my career and continuously with every passing day. direction in life. Being in my early career, I am still finding myself in life and forging Secondly, incorporate your personal a pathway for my future. Any measure of interests and experiences outside of work satisfaction or affirmation goes a long way and school in your own personal ambitions. and reassures you that you are on the right For me, I love taking photographs and, track. therefore, I continually seek to incorporate photography as a method in research, and a means to understand the world around me. 4. How does Geography continue to remain This combination proved to be a stepping relevant in your life? stone for me to gain a career start in the I have steadfastly held onto the belief public service, where I hope to be able to that Geography is not just a major, but a continue honing my existing strengths. language and a way of analysing issues in The way you see life (hopefully through a life. It doesn’t matter whether these issues geographical lens) and how you express are social, urban or housing-related ones. yourself through your personal interests Though my work does not actively invoke

CLASS OF 2017

1. What is your job scope?

GEOSPHERE

(continuation of Max’s response)

the use of ‘hardcore’ geographical theories, I find myself consulting geographical literature at times to substantiate our own research work. I think my prior training in visual-geographical methodologies has helped to frame the way I analyse social, urban, and housing issues in Singapore. I hope to continue to keep the geographical spirit and mindset burning within. After all, Geography

is the study of the Earth and that of the social relations in space; it is a discipline that exposes me to the very social or urban issues that I engage with in my line of work, as well as trains me to approach these issues with a human touch. It is a language and an auto-pedagogical skill that you express in life, regardless of where you are and what you do in life.

"I have steadfastly held onto the belief that geography is ... a language and a way of analysing issues in life." Junianti Lim, Class of 2018 Planning Officer, Ministry of Education Headquarters 1. What is your job scope?

but also between the organisation’s values and mine), I have learnt to acknowledge multiple I am a planning officer in the Ministry of perspectives when making decisions. Education’s (MOE) Education Policy Branch. My job involves crafting and reviewing education In addition, I would also advise those who wish policies to meet increasingly diverse student to work in policy-making to have (and maintain) needs. My team also ensures the proper and a strong sense of purpose in your work. This is efficient governance of schools, in a way that is because most policy work will only reap results aligned with the nation’s interests. after a long gestation period, and it is possible to lose drive when things do not go as planned or when criticisms come your way. It is therefore 2. Do you have any advice for those who want to crucial to continuously reflect on the work you do and constantly seek feedback—both from venture into this profession in the future? colleagues and the public—to keep yourself on the As I am still relatively new to the job (less than right track. For my case, I find that conversations six months), there are still many things—both in with colleagues and friends have served as helpful terms of institutional knowledge and workplace boosters and inspiration that push me to do better etiquette—that I have yet to learn and understand in my work. in the civil service. That said, in my time here thus far, I do find that it is important to keep an open mind when weighing the different considerations 3. What motivates you to choose this profession? involved in policy-making. While there might be times when I struggle to reconcile conflicting I was interested in the job at MOE partly because priorities (not just among different stakeholders, of my exposure to the education sector during

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(continuation of Junianti’s response)

4. How does Geography continue to remain relevant in your life?

Thinking in terms of scale (personal, home, community, national, and global), has, for instance, become a habit of mind that I frequently adopt when approaching problems and exploring possible solutions. This has allowed me to analyse issues more More broadly, working in the civil service comprehensively, which better informs the has always been something that I look decisions I make at work, as well as in life forward to. To me, it is an impactful and in general. meaningful avenue through which we can address issues that we face on an Equally importantly, my time in NUS everyday basis, particularly in a way that Geography has also helped shape my benefits the majority of the population. I worldview and how I view my place in the believe that with careful consideration, world. Thanks to the awesome Geography implementation, and continued professors from whom I have had the chance engagement, public policy decisions will to learn, I find myself becoming more eventually make a positive difference in attuned to issues concerning inequalities people’s lives. While there may be times and social injustice, and have also grown when I feel uncertain, I find fulfilment to be more reflexive in my interactions and encouragement from the positive with disadvantaged or vulnerable groups feedback I receive from the public on in society. This has further motivated me existing policies or pilot studies. These to spend more time with volunteer groups responses show me that the work I do can and work alongside them to foster a more be worthwhile and of value to others. inclusive, cordial, and just society.

"... an impactful and meaningful avenue through which we can address issues that we face on an everyday basis..."

CLASS OF 2018

Indeed, many have asked me how my background in Geography can be helpful in my work, as a Geography degree does not seem to be intuitively relevant to policy planning (unless, of course, you are a Geography teacher). But I feel that the beauty of geographical education lies in the applicability of the subject beyond its content offerings. Specifically, the geographical way of thinking—our focus on space, place, people, and scale—has been particularly useful in my work.

JUNIANTI

university days. As many of my friends in NUS Geography are Geography teachersto-be, news and debates within the sector were frequently on our radar. But what really deepened my interest towards education (both from the perspective of school-goers and the public) was the many inspiring education-related initiatives I came across in social geography modules. In these modules, I learnt about how vulnerable groups can be uplifted through efforts by community organisations to prepare them for employment, or impart general life skills. I also saw for myself the transformative power of education beyond its knowledge-imparting function. All this has led me to pursue a career in this field to continue the good work that has been done across the public, private, and people sectors.

GEOSPHERE

Yee Shen Hao, Class of 2019 Consultant in a Wealth Management Firm

1. What is your job scope?

geography will have an advantage.

SHEN HAO

CLASS OF 2019

Most of my time is spent on data collection, financial modelling, and generating analysis reports for individuals and corporate clients. I also help to organise and conduct financial literacy programmes for students and corporate employees.

If you are interested in finance or management consultancy, you can consider applying for internships at consulting firms (e.g. McKinsey, BCG, Bain, Accenture), auditing firms (e.g. EY, PwC, KPMG, Deloitte), banks (e.g. Citibank, OCBC), insurers and reinsurers (e.g. Allianz, Lloyd’s of London), and advisory firms (e.g. IPP, Providend); or 2. Any advice to those who want to venture consider obtaining industry certifications like Chartered Accountant, CFA, CFP, ChFC into this profession in the future? or CMFAS outside your curriculum time. Like many freshmen, I was initially unsure of my major. Although I enjoyed taking Geography modules and graduated with a 3. What motivates you to choose this decent Honours with Distinction, my interest profession? in Economics and Finance continued to grow as I read more Business electives. I decided to I grew up in a low-income family and, pursue finance as a career, despite knowing since young, I have seen my parents make it wasn’t directly related to Geography. Since poor financial decisions. For instance, they the end of year one, I attended internship invested their hard-earned money in highprogrammes at financial institutions during risk investments without understanding my summer breaks. I went through intensive the inherent risks; they also paid off their training and obtained industry certifications HDB mortgage loan slowly over 20 years, outside of my degree. In the summer break incurring much interest, which they could before my final year, I went for interviews at have avoided. multiple firms and was offered a role in my As my job scope involves imparting financial current company. literacy knowledge, I derive satisfaction I advise undergrads to look out early for from educating and guiding people and/or internships and graduate programmes (on companies in making informed financial NUS TalentConnect or other job portals) decisions for their own future. that you can join during your three-month summer and five-week winter breaks. One mistake to avoid is waiting until Week 13 4. How does Geography continue to remain because by then, many popular internships relevant in your life? would have been taken, leaving you with the My favourite Geography topics—Political, not so popular ones! Economic, and Urban Geography—have In recent years, many companies are willing helped me tremendously in my work and life to accept interns and fresh graduates with in general. majors outside their traditional industry majors. NUS Geography majors who study a Financial institutions must keep a close eye on happenings in the global markets and wide range of topics in physical and human

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current affairs, especially in Singapore where we are deeply rooted in the global economic networks. Events such as the US-China trade war, Brexit, Hong Kong protests, Belt and Road Initiative, Middle Eastern conflicts; and trends like deindustrialisation of cities have a profound impact on stock markets and the global economy. Political, Economic, and Space Geography modules have familiarised me with these topics, and continue to be relevant in my job.

cultural beliefs daily, I need to be mindful of topics that might be potentially sensitive to certain clients. For example, when I met a Pakistani company director who recently moved to Singapore, my knowledge of South Asia and Islamic concepts like Zakat and Sharia-compliant finance allowed me to connect better with him and to modify my approach accordingly.

If any of you need help planning your modules or My knowledge of Social/Cultural Geography and advice on your future career, feel free to PM me other FASS modules has also been crucial in on Facebook or LinkedIn! helping me navigate the intricacies and nuances of different clientsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; profiles. As I meet clients of many different nationalities with diverse religious/

"in recent years, many companies are willing to accept interns and fresh graduates with majors outside their traditional industry majors."

GEOSPHERE

NUS Geographical Society Year-in-review

PT-OC

PT-DE

Earth Lab Study Session during Reading Week

Welcome Tea & NUS Geographical Society Annual General Meeting and Elections

T-Shirt and other Merchandise Sale

AUG

Recruitment for events e.g. U-OP, Geography Challenge and Immersion Camp

NOV

DEC Majors’ Welfare Outing

JAN Geography Sports Day Valentine’s Day Card Sales & Majors’ Tea

B-MA

Geography Challenge & 2nd Majors’ Welfare Outing

FEB

RI AP L

Welfare Pack Collection

MAY 3rd Majors’ Welfare Outing

J UG O

T SEM

4th Majors’ Welfare Outing

E FN X

-JU UN

Geography Freshmen Immersion Camp

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The 54th Management Committee

54th Management Committee President · Mohamed Ridzuan S/o Abu Bakar Vice-Presidents · Goh Yi Wei, Luke (Events) & Sarah Jane Tan Xin Hui (Outreach) Finance · Phyllis Goh Hui Qi Logistics Cell · Ow Qi Ting Joei (Director) & Chan Jia Hui (Executive) Majors’ Welfare Cell · Sim Xinni, Shermaine (Director), Eliza Dawn Gatus Victorio (Executive) & Qystina Darwyshea bte Herdie Budi Hierwanto (Executive) Media Relations Cell · Goh Rui Ting (Director) & Sayori Bose (Executive) Publications Cell · Andrea Tan Li Yao (Director), Muhammad Khairul Fikri Bin Shaharuddin (Executive) & Janice Sim Xinyi (Executive) Special Projects Cell · Jade Tan Jie Heng (Director), Nicholas Ong Yew Hui (Executive) & Sherissa Chua Zi Ya (Executive) Project Directors · Ng Xi Min (Geography Challenge) & Sherilyn Cheong Yee Shuan (Freshers’ Immersion Camp) AY2019/2020 marked the beginning of the 54th Management Committee (MC) of the NUS Geographical Society. The 54th MC’s vision is ‘Up and Out’ as we aim to expand our outreach towards the new NUS geographers while further developing the bonds forged with our current members. We began our term with several changes to our structure and new events on our hands, such as the URA-NUS Geographical Society Outreach Programme. Therefore, our goal was to strengthen these projects that we were embarking on while looking for other opportunities to reach out to our fellow NUS geographers. Several key events, including the NUS Geography Open House and Majors’ Tea, have been altered to cater to the majors’ requests and suggestions. We hope that these events have been beneficial to you and if you have the passion to serve the Geography community in NUS, then come and join us as a member of the 55th Management Committee! Mohamed Ridzuan S/o Abu Bakar, President, 54th Management Committee

GEOSPHERE

Follow our social media accounts to be kept in the loop of our latest happenings: Instagram: @nus.geog Facebook: NUS Geographical Society

Contact us via nusgeographicalsociety@gmail.com or our social media accounts if you have any enquires or suggestions on what more the NUS Geog Soc can offer! Welcome Tea at the start of the Academic Year (AY)

This AY’s first Majors’ Welfare outing at the Siloso Beach Resort

This AY’s second Majors’ Welfare outing hosted by the Young Sikh Association at the Central Sikh Gurdwara

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Geography Challenge Finals 2019

geography challenge

One of our Valentine’s Day postcard designs this year

The National University of Singapore Geography Challenge (GC) is an annual non-profit Geography competition jointly organised by the NUS Department of Geography and the NUS Geographical Society. We aim to ignite the passion of secondary school students and inspire them to develop a keen interest in the dynamic discipline of Geography. This year, the theme is “Operation Climate: Time for Action”, as we seek to focus the limelight on climate action. This theme is particularly relevant in 2020 given that former UN Climate Chief Christiana Figueres and her colleagues warned that 2020 will be a critical year to limit climate change and avoid irreversible effects. Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong also reiterated the importance of taking action to combat climate change and noted how the youths of Singapore “instinctively appreciate the seriousness of the issue” in his 2019 National Day Rally speech. Hence, we hope to educate and inspire our participants to become champions of climate action. Ng Xi Min, Project Director, Geography Challenge 2020

nus geog soc x ura wrkshop

GEOSPHERE

NUS Geog Soc x URA Workshop is in its second year of running! Recently in January 2020, we successfully conducted three workshops: Conserving Built Heritage, Car-Lite, and Enlivening Public Spaces for students from secondary schools, Polytechnics, and Junior Colleges. These workshops aim to educate the younger population about urban planning in Singapore and to raise awareness about the work done by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). We have successfully engaged over 20 educational institutions, with over 200 students participating in our workshops. In the upcoming May execution, we will be rolling out two new workshops: Shaping a Distinctive City and Planning our Future SG. With the positive response from schools and students thus far, we are looking forward to a successful run in May 2020! Nicholas Ong Yew Hui, Project Director, NUS Geog Soc x URA Workshop 2020

NUS Geog Soc x URA Workshop 2019

Freshers’ Immersion Camp 2019

Sherilyn Cheong Yee Shuan, Project Director, Freshers' Immersion Camp

FIC

The NUS Geography Freshers’ Immersion Camp (FIC) is an annual event that serves as a platform to welcome fresh Geography majors into the Geography family. This year, the theme for FIC 2020 is ‘Ortus’, which translates to “rising”. Through this camp, we hope that incoming geographers will rise up to be the best that they can be throughout their journey in NUS, find themselves a family that is as passionate as they are in Geography, and to know that there will always be a group of people that they can come back to. Look forward to Ortus 2020!

into the spotlight

Acknowledgements Geosphere 2020: Into the Spotlight would not have been possible without the help of the following people: Dr Lin Weiqiang and Dr Carl Grundy-Warr

Kate Pocklington

Associate Professor, National University of Singapore; Senior Lecturer, National University of Singapore Staff Advisors to the 54th Management Committee Publications Cell

Conservator at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum Interview Feature

Jayaprakash Bojan

Dr James Derrick Sidaway

Nature Photographer Interview Feature

Professor, National University of Singapore Interview Feature

Undergraduates, National University of Singapore Minor, Overseas Exposure and Internship Features

Dr Neil Coe Professor, National University of Singapore Global Production Networks: A Brief Introduction

Anukriti Banerjee Chew Zheng Xiong (Lawrence) Chua Wee Han Dillon How Yi-Lon Donovan Liew Yi Heng Goh Rui Ting Hanna Diyana Ho Wei Kit Dixon How Yan Yi, Trudie Kamarunnisa Ismail Mak Zhi Rong Gilbert Megan Sim Yi-Shi Natalie Tan Rei Hsi Pong Siang Nee Wee Yong En Christal Yik Sin Kang

Dr Shaun Teo Assistant Professor, National University of Singapore The Role of the Government in Solving Urban Housing Problems

Dr Cao Kai Former Lecturer at National University of Singapore "Spatial Turns" in Social Sciences and Humanities: Opportunities and Challenges

Tan Wei Hui, Joanna Undergraduate, National University of Singapore NUS Geography Photo Contest 2020 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; In Transit

Lad Komal Bhupendra

Undergraduate, National University of Singapore Post SG Climate Rally Review

Junianti Lim, Yee Shen Hao and Chan Weng Kin, Max

Ooi Wen Ting

Alumni, National University of Singapore Alumni Features

Undergraduate, National University of Singapore Climate Action's Slow March

Cover Page: Photo by Pang Yuhao on Unsplash

Joshua Wee

Section Dividers: Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash

Student, Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Geosphere Essay Writing Competition Winning Entry

Dr Toh Tai Chong Marine biologist and Associate Director of Studies in the College of Alice & Peter Tan, NUS Interview Feature

GEOSPHERE