Access to basic
INFRASTRUCTURE:
Gaps in access between income groups are still wide
Most countries are closing internal gaps, but some are slower than others
Percentage of population, by income quintiles, with access to...
Urban-rural gap in percentage of population with access to improved drinking water
Not keeping pace with economic growth
100% 80% 60% 40% 20%
0
Although some slums are shrinking, others are still growing
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
40
Laos 30
Myanmar ...improved drinking water
Cambodia 100% 80%
Vietnam
20%
20
...improved sanitation Philippines
Cambodia
Indonesia
ASEAN
10
Myanmar
Indonesia
60% 40%
China
World
Percentage of urban population living in slums
0
Vietnam
2005
1995
1990
2000
2005
2008
Malaysia Thailand
Laos
Urban-rural gap in percentage of population with access to improved sanitation China 50
Laos Philippines
Myanmar
Poorest
2nd
3rd
4th
Richest
Cambodia
40
World
30
Why can’t some cities keep up with the pace of urbanisation?
Why have improvements in some parts of ASEAN not reached the poor?
ASEAN
20
Myanmar 10
China
0 1995
2000
“Poor sanitation and water supplies are the engines that drive cycles of disease, poverty and powerlessness in developing nations.”
Paved roads as a percentage of total road network
100
Non-solid cooking fuel, remains a rarity in some countries Percentage of population using solid fuels for cooking
Road density (km of road per 100 sq km of land area) 0
Brunei Vietnam
Cambodia
Myanmar
10
20
30
40
50
60
100
70
90
4
80
80
Laos
60 40
Thailand
Indonesia
20
Indonesia
15
70
more than 95%
more than 95%
60
21
50
Singapore
Laos
Thailand
35
China
36
40 30
less than 5%
20
Vietnam Philippines
2008
Why has rural provision of infrastructure lagged behind?
– Human Waste Report 2002
Road networks, vital for economic activity, are still lacking in many countries.
2005
Malaysia
46
Brunei
10
less than 5%
0
63
Myanmar
Myanmar
Laos
Cambodia Vietnam Indonesia
China Philippines Thailand Singapore Malaysia
Why has it been so difficult to provide access to non-solid cooking fuel?
How badly does lack of roads impede rural development?
ASIAN TRENDS MONITORING Myanmar Cambodia
People living in urban areas without... (As a percentage of the population)
People living in rural areas without... (As a percentage of the population)
Laos
Vietnam Philippines Indonesia Thailand
Malaysia Singapore
China
electricity
81%
34%
16%
0.4%
3%
6%
0%
0%
0%
0%
improved water
25%
19%
28%
1%
7%
11%
1%
0%
0%
2%
improved sanitation
14%
33%
14%
6%
20%
33%
5%
4%
0%
42%
electricity
90%
87.5%
58%
15%
35%
68%
1%
2%
NOT APPLICABLE
1%
improved water
31%
44%
49%
8%
13%
29%
2%
1%
NOT APPLICABLE
18%
improved sanitation
21%
82%
64%
33%
31%
64%
4%
5%
NOT APPLICABLE
48%