Northwest regional overview THE ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS SECTOR: ENTERPRISE COUNT, REGIONAL AND SUB REGIONAL OVERVIEW In Summer 2007, the NWDA Research Team undertook a project to get more accurate data on the region’s sectors. Using four digit 2003 SIC codes, 17 sectors that make up the whole economy were defined, plus two additional cross-cutting industries. Data was sourced from the Office for National Statistics Inter Departmental Business Register, to show the number of enterprises, employees and business turnover for each sector. This report presents the findings and analysis for the advanced engineering and materials sector.
NATIONAL CONTEXT Relative to the region’s working age population 1 , the Northwest ‘hits below its weight’ in respect of the number of enterprises, employees and business turnover associated with the advanced engineering and materials sector. In overall terms, the region contains:
13.3% of England’s working age population. 12.9% of England’s enterprises associated with the sector (compared to 11.7% of other 2 enterprises). 12.0% of England’s employees in the sector (11.4% of other employees). 9.3% of England’s business turnover for the sector (8.7% of other business turnover).
REGIONAL DIMENSION The advanced engineering and materials sector in the Northwest is comprised of 18,170 enterprises, employs 222,005 people and has an annual turnover of £27.4billion. Enterprise size - against this backdrop small enterprises, in the region, employing less than 10 people, play an important role as they:
Represent 83.6% of the sector’s enterprises (87.8% of other enterprises). Provide 18.4% of the sector’s jobs (16.5% of other jobs in the region). Deliver 15.1% of the sector’s business turnover (19.5% of other business turnover).
Change over time – within the Northwest, between 1998 and 2006, it can be seen that the:
Number of enterprises in the sector has fallen by -9.1% (other enterprises = -7.7%). Number of employees in the sector has fallen by -21.3% (other employees = +5.4%). Value of business turnover in the sector has fallen by -15.8%. (corrected to a 1998 base to account for inflation).
Sectoral comparisons – compared to the NWDA’s other eighteen enterprises areas:
1 2
Fourteen of the region’s other 18 enterprise areas contain fewer enterprises. Twelve of the enterprise areas provide fewer jobs. Fifteen of the enterprise areas generate a lower business turnover.
The working age population has been agreed with the Office of National Statistics, see glossary for details. For definition of ‘other’ enterprises, employees and business turnover, refer to the glossary.
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector DATA NOTES AND GLOSSARY Data/terminology
Source/comments
Other enterprises, employees and business turnover
The term 'other' in relation to the number of enterprises, employees and levels of business turnover refers to the data for all enterprise areas within the region apart from those within the business & professional sector and those in the specific sector which the chapter/paper that is the focus of the paper being read. Consequently, for example ‘other’ for the creative and digital sector is different to the ‘other’ in the food and drink sector report. This affects all of the tables, graphs and commentary in the report.
Data contained in main report:
Office for National Statistics (Inter-Departmental Business Register) is crown copyright material and has been reproduced with the permission of the controller of HMSO.
IDBR
The data analysis has been prepared by Knight, Kavanagh and Page for the Northwest Regional Development Agency.
Enterprise and local unit level data
N.B.: The number of enterprises, employees and turnover are based on extracts from the IDBR at enterprise (business) level. Enterprise information can place data at Head Office level and result in ‘higher/lower’ numbers than might otherwise be expected. This is not, however, consistent across all areas (see also notes on turnover). The alternative is a ‘local unit’ count which reflects the number of enterprises and employees in relation to their actual place of work. See http://www.statistics.gov.uk/idbr/idbr.asp
Standard Industrial Classifications
Sectors have been defined on the basis of 4-digit SIC codes; details can be obtained from the NWDA research team upon request. Because some 4-digit codes span more than one sector, the definitions are only approximate and the data may omit some activity within the sector and include some activity outside of it.
Turnover
At its simplest this refers to the monies going through a company’s accounts. Although turnover has been used as part of the assessment, caution should be exercised in the use of the data. In addition to the company headquarters issue (referred to above) not all companies disclose data on turnover. Turnover data is not a surrogate for profit information. One of the most obvious examples being professional football clubs, many of which have high levels of turnover but few convert this to operational profit. Although turnover data for 2006 is provided at 2006 prices; time series data has been modified to remove the effects of inflation. Consequently all growth or decline reflects real change since 1998.
Working age population
The working age population, for the purposes of this exercise, has been agreed with the Office of National Statistics as males aged 16-64 years and females aged 16-59 years and is shown as a proportion of England’s population aged 16-59/64 years.
Regional Economic Strategy (RES)
The RES is regarded as the blueprint for the region’s economic development. It is the foundation for everything that the NWDA does. The current RES was launched in March 2006 and sets out a clear vision for the region’s economy and identifies specific priority actions to meet the economic challenges and opportunities of the next ten years and to close the economic gap with the rest of England. In the geography adopted for the RES, Halton is incorporated into the Merseyside area.
Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS)
Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics and statistical regions - for the classification of economic activities in the European Community, these regions were established by Eurostat more than 25 years ago. In the geography used for NUTS data (including GVA), Halton is included in Cheshire.
NOTE: At the time of writing this paper, GVA data was only readily available for NUTS areas and even then had gaps in its coverage due to SIC coding issues. This factor combined with the incompatible geographies used in the NUTS and RES data led to the decision that sectoral and industry GVA figures will be produced as supplementary information for RES based geographies in 2008.
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector SUB-REGIONAL PERFORMANCE IN ABSOLUTE TERMS Enterprises Two fifths (40.4%) of the region’s enterprises, within the sector, are located in Greater Manchester; compared to 34.4% of other enterprises.
Northwest: Percentage of enterprises by sub-region (2006)
50.0%
40.4%
40.0% Percentage
Relative to other enterprises, a slightly higher than average share of the region’s enterprises, from the sector, are located in Cheshire (15.5%).
60.0%
Other enterprise areas
34.4%
30.0% 23.7%
Advanced engineering and materials
22.4%
20.0% 15.3% 15.5%
15.3%
14.2%
11.4%
10.0%
7.6%
0.0% Cheshire
Cumbria
Greater Manchester
Lancashire
Greater Merseyside
Source: IDBR ONS
Employees More than two fifths (43.0%) of the sector’s employees, across the region, work for enterprises in Greater Manchester; compared to 38.3% of other employees.
Northwest: Percentage of employees by sub-region (2006)
60.0%
50.0% 43.0% 38.3%
Percentage
40.0%
Other enterprise areas
30.0%
Advanced engineering and materials
22.7% 20.0%
Relative to other enterprise areas a slightly higher than average share of the region’s employees, in the sector, are located in Lancashire (22.7%).
14.3%
10.0% 5.9% 3.7%
0.0% Cheshire
Greater Manchester
Lancashire
Greater Merseyside
Northwest: Percentage of business turnover by sub-region (2006) 60.0%
50.0% 42.8%
40.0% Percentage
Relative to other enterprise areas a higher than average share of the region’s turnover, for the sector, is located in Lancashire (22.6%).
Cumbria
Source: IDBR ONS
16.3%
16.3%
Turnover More than two fifths of the sector’s regional turnover is generated in Greater Manchester (42.8%); compared to 36.7% of other business turnover.
19.4%
20.0%
Other enterprise areas
36.7%
30.0%
Advanced engineering and materials
22.6%
21.0%
19.4%
20.0%
17.6%
16.0%
16.0%
10.0% 5.2% 2.6%
0.0% Cheshire
Cumbria
Greater Manchester
Lancashire
Greater Merseyside
Source: IDBR ONS
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector ENTERPRISE SIZE Number of enterprises 83.6% of enterprises within the sector employ fewer than ten people and 0.6% employ 250 or more. In comparison, 87.8% of other enterprises employ fewer than ten people; 0.5% employ 250 or more.
Employee numbers Employment within the sector tends to be spread across the spectrum, from 18.4% of its employees working in small enterprises to 32.2% working in large enterprises. In comparison, across other enterprise areas, only 16.5% of people work for small enterprises while 58.1% of people work in large enterprises.
Business turnover Turnover within the sector tends to be spread across the spectrum, from 15.1% coming from small enterprises to 36.9% coming from large enterprises. In comparison, across other enterprise areas, 19.5% of the region’s turnover is generated by small enterprises while 48.7% comes from large enterprises.
0-9
Enterprises
Employees
Business turnover
Number of enterprises, employees and turnover by company size Northwest region (2006) Advanced engineering and materials
20.1%
15.1%
Other enterprise areas
19.5%
Advanced engineering and materials
18.4%
Other enterprise areas
16.5%
10-49
50-249
27.9%
16.4%
13.8%
36.9%
15.4%
21.7%
48.7%
27.7%
32.2%
11.6%
Advanced engineering and materials
58.1%
12.5%
83.6%
Other enterprise areas
10.0%
87.8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
250+
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Source: IDBR ONS
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector PERFORMANCE RELATIVE TO POPULATION OF WORKING AGE The following charts and data illustrate an alternative perspective to that shown above. For example, they highlight the fact that although Greater Manchester is undoubtedly the driving force of the region, it does not always make the most significant contribution. The key question, at regional and sub-regional level, being ‘does the area hit above or below its weight relative to the size of its working age population?’ Population The first diagram highlights the regional and sub-regional population of working age and provides a context for the charts that follow. For example, the Northwest is home to 13.3% of England’s population aged 16-59/64 years and 5.1% are resident in Greater Manchester. Regional perspective The Northwest contains:
Regional share of working age population (2006)
Lancashire 2.8%
Greater Merseyside 2.9% Rest of England 86.7%
North West 13.3% Greater Manchester 5.1%
Cheshire (including Warrington) 1.7%
Cumbria 0.9%
Advanced engineering and materials sector - Regional share Number of enterprises (2006)
12.9% of England’s enterprises within the sector and 11.7% of other enterprises. 12.0% of England’s employees in the sector and 11.4% of other employees. 9.3% of England’s turnover for the sector and 8.7% of turnover for other enterprise areas.
Lancashire 2.9%
Rest of England 87.1%
North West 12.9%
Greater Merseyside 1.8%
Greater Manchester 5.2%
Cumbria 1.0%
Cheshire (including Warrington) 2.0%
Source: IDBR ONS
In short, for enterprises within the sector, the region ‘hits below its weight’ in terms of number of enterprises, employees and business turnover.
Other enterprise areas - Regional share Number of enterprises (2006)
Lancashire 2.8%
Rest of England 88.3%
Whilst, for other enterprise areas the region ‘hits even further below its weight’ in terms of the number of enterprises, employees and business turnover.*
North West 11.7%
Greater Merseyside 1.8%
Greater Manchester 4.0%
Cumbria 1.3%
Cheshire (including Warrington) 1.8%
Source: IDBR ONS
* See data notes on turnover
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector In terms of ‘hitting above or below their weight’, for this sector, it can be seen that:
Cheshire (including Warrington) - hits at or above its weight in terms of the number of enterprises and employees, but below it for business turnover, in the sector. This indicates a large number of below averaged sized enterprises with low turnover. Cumbria – hits above its weight for the number of enterprises, but below it for the number of employees and business turnover, in the sector. This indicates a large number of small enterprises with low turnover. Greater Manchester – hits above its weight for the number of enterprises and employees, but below it for business turnover, in the sector. This indicates a large number of enterprises and employees but generating low turnover. Lancashire (including Blackburn with Darwen and Blackpool) – hits above its weight for the number of enterprises, but below it for the number of employees and business turnover, in the sector. This points to a large number of small enterprises with low turnover. Greater Merseyside (including Halton) – hits below its weight on all counts for the sector. This points towards relatively few enterprises, small in size, with low turnover.
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Advanced engineering and materials sector - Regional share Number of employees (2006)
Lancashire 2.7%
Rest of England 88.0%
Greater Merseyside 2.0%
North West 12.0% Greater Manchester 5.2%
Cumbria 0.4%
Cheshire (including Warrington) 1.7%
Source: IDBR ONS
Other enterprise areas - Regional share Number of employees (2006)
Lancashire 2.3%
Greater Merseyside 2.2% Rest of England 88.6%
North West 11.4%
Greater Manchester 4.4%
Cumbria 0.7%
Cheshire (including Warrington) 1.9%
Source: IDBR ONS
Advanced engineering and materials sector - Regional share Business turnover (2006)
Lancashire 2.1%
Rest of England 90.7%
Greater Merseyside 1.5%
North West 9.3% Greater Manchester 4.0%
Cumbria 0.2%
Cheshire (including Warrington) 1.5%
Source: IDBR ONS
Other enterprise areas - Regional share Business turnover (2006)
Lancashire 1.7%
Greater Merseyside 1.5% Rest of England 91.3%
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North West 8.7%
Greater Manchester 3.2%
Cumbria 0.5%
Cheshire (including Warrington) 1.8%
Source: IDBR ONS
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector Sub-regional perspective The following table provides a sub-regional summary of the data in a number of different ways for each of, the number of enterprises, employees and turnover associated with the sector:
Firstly, it provides a national percentage share of working age population; this is then used as a base index rate of 100. Secondly, it provides percentage rates for the sector and relative index scores. Thirdly, it provides comparator figures for other enterprise areas.
For example, 1.7% of England’s working age population is resident in Cheshire. Consequently, for the sector to pull its weight Cheshire would have 1.7% of enterprises. In reality, 2.0% of the sector’s enterprises are based in Cheshire, this represents an index score of 117.7 ([2.0/1.7] x 100). A score above 100 indicates that the sub-region performs better than one would expect, whilst a score under 100 indicates a performance below its weight. Cheshire (including Warrington) is home to: 1.7% of England’s working age population (100.0). 2.0% of enterprises in the sector nationally (117.7) and 1.8% of other enterprises (105.9). 1.7% of employees in the sector nationally (100.0) and 1.9% of other employees (111.8). 1.5% of business turnover in the sector nationally (88.2) and 1.8% of other business turnover (105.9). Cumbria is home to: 0.9% of England’s working age population (100.0). 1.0% of enterprises in the sector nationally (111.1) and 1.3% of other enterprises (144.4). 0.4% of employees in the sector nationally (44.4) and 0.7% of other employees (77.8). 0.2% of business turnover in the sector nationally (22.2) and 0.5% of other business turnover (55.6). Greater Manchester is home to: 5.1% of England’s working age population (100.0). 5.2% of enterprises in the sector nationally (102.0) and 4.0% of other enterprises (78.4). 5.2% of employees in the sector nationally (102.0) and 4.4% of other employees (86.3). 4.0% of business turnover in the sector nationally (78.4) and 3.2% of other business turnover (62.8). Lancashire (including Blackburn with Darwen and Blackpool) is home to: 2.8% of England’s working age population (100.0). 2.9% of enterprises in the sector nationally (103.6) and 2.8% of other enterprises (100.0). 2.7% of employees in the sector nationally (96.4) and 2.3% of other employees (82.1). 2.1% of business turnover in the sector nationally (75.0) and 1.7% of other business turnover (60.7). Greater Merseyside (including Halton) is home to: 2.9% of England’s working age population (100.0). 1.8% of enterprises in the sector nationally (62.1) and 1.8% of other enterprises (62.1). 2.0% of employees in the sector nationally (69.0) and 2.2% of other employees (75.9). 1.5% of business turnover in the sector nationally (51.7) and 1.5% of other business turnover (51.7).
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector PERFORMANCE AT LOCAL AUTHORITY LEVEL Number of enterprises In the region as a whole, the areas which have highest number of enterprises within the sector include Manchester and Stockport. These areas have between 781 and 1,170 enterprises in them. In both of these areas the large numbers of enterprises can be linked with highly dense areas of population, which have between 4,200 and 10,600 people per square mile. Number of employees The areas with the highest numbers of employees are Liverpool, Manchester, Rochdale and Stockport, with between 8,746 and 17,660 employees working for enterprises within the sector. Large areas of the North of the region have a relatively small number of employees in this sector. Scale of turnover In Blackburn with Darwen, Halton, Manchester, Rochdale, Stockport and Trafford average turnover levels for enterprises (within the sector) reach between ÂŁ955millon and ÂŁ2.4billion. The data for Manchester and Stockport suggests that the areas may have a large number of large/profitable enterprises.
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector CHANGE OVER TIME - 1998-2006 At national and regional levels the performance of this sector, between 1998 and 2006, is always below the equivalent average figure for other enterprise areas. Furthermore, comparative data for the sector, in the Northwest, is always below the national equivalent for all measures of percentage change (see table below). Percentage change 1998-2006 Advanced engineering and materials sector
Percentage change (1998-2006) Number of enterprises
Other enterprise areas
40.0%
20.0%
Enterprises
Northwest
15.1%
0.0%
-7.6%
-6.2%
-9.1%
-7.7%
England
-18.6%
+10.7%
Northwest
-21.3%
+5.4%
-1.8%
-
Percentage
England
Other enterprise areas Advanced engineering and materials
-6.2%-7.6% England
-7.7%-9.1% Northwest
-20.0%
-6.5% Cheshire -10.8%
-5.7% Cumbria
-8.0% Greater Manchester
-1.1% -6.0% Lancashire
-16.2%
-6.7% Greater Merseyside -12.1%
-40.0%
Employees
-60.0%
-80.0% Source: IDBR ONS
Turnover England
Percentage change (1998-2006) Number of employees
Other enterprise areas Advanced engineering and materials
40.0%
Northwest
-15.8%
-
25.3%
20.0% 10.7%
10.0% 5.4%
3.1%
0.1%
0.0% Percentage
At a regional level the data for enterprises within the sector between 1998 and 2006, indicates that the: Number of enterprises has fallen by 9.1%. Number of employees has fallen by 21.3%. Value of business turnover has fallen by 15.8%.
England
-20.0%
-18.6%
Northwest
Cheshire
-9.0% Cumbria
-21.3%
Greater Manchester -17.6%
Lancashire
-22.7%
Greater Merseyside -13.7%
-26.9%
-40.0% -47.3%
-60.0%
-80.0% Source: IDBR ONS
Advanced engineering and materials
Percentage change (1998-2006) Business turnover 40.0%
20.0%
0.0% Percentage
-1.8% England
-20.0%
-2.2% Northwest
Cheshire
Cumbria
-15.8%
Greater Manchester
Lancashire
-6.1% Greater Merseyside
-10.7% -30.2%
-40.0%
-60.0% -66.8%
-80.0% Source: IDBR ONS
1. Turnover data has been adjusted to a 1998 base to remove the effects of inflation. 2. The economy as a whole experienced growth between 1998 and 2006. This, however, reflects a mix of growth and decline in different sectors; as one of the areas of growth was the business and professional sector and its removal from the overall dataset creates an artificial picture of slight decline. Consequently time series data for other sectors has been excluded from the analysis as its inclusion would be misleading 03-016-0708 http://www.kkp.co.uk
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector Change at a sub-regional level The following graphs show area performance over time whilst also enabling areas of differing size to be compared directly. This is achieved by assigning the relevant area base at 1998 as an index of 100. The data appears to reinforce the principle that successful areas will continue to grow whilst less successful ones are in danger of further decline; this may be either absolute or relative (the national base referred to is England). Number of enterprises (indexed scores - 1998 base = 100) Advanced engineering and materials sector
AVERAGE for other enterprise areas
The national figure for the number of enterprises in the sector indicates a decrease to 92 by 2006.
The comparator average rate for other enterprise areas in 2006 is 94.
The Northwest index for 2006 is 91.
The Northwest index for 2006 is 92.
The greatest increase for the sector is in Cumbria with a 2006 index of 115.
The smallest decrease at sub regional level is a score of 94 for Cumbria and Lancashire.
The greatest decline (relative or absolute) at sub regional level for the sector is a score of 84 for Greater Manchester.
The greatest decline (relative or absolute) at sub regional level for other enterprise areas is a score of 88 for Greater Merseyside.
Change in the number of enterprises 1998-2006 Other enterprise areas
Change in the number of enterprises 1998-2006 Advanced engineering and materials sector
130
130
120
120
110
110 Index rate
Index rate
England
100
Northwest
Cheshire (including Warrington) Cumbria
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
Greater Manchester
Lancashire
Greater Merseyside
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Source: IDBR ONS
Source: IDBR ONS
Number of employees (indexed scores - 1998 base = 100) Advanced engineering and materials sector
AVERAGE for other enterprise areas
The national figure for the number of employees in the sector shows a decrease to 81 by 2006.
The national index for the number of employees in other enterprise areas in 2006 is 111.
The Northwest index for 2006 is 79.
The Northwest index for 2006 is 105.
The smallest decrease in the number of employees is in Greater Merseyside with a 2006 index of 86.
The greatest increase at sub regional level for employees in other enterprise areas is a score of 125 for Cheshire.
The greatest decline (relative or absolute) at sub regional level is a score of 53 for Cumbria.
The greatest decline (relative or absolute) at sub regional level is a score of 91 for Cumbria.
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector Change in the number of employees 1998-2006 Other enterprise areas
Change in the number of employees 1998-2006 Advanced engineering and materials sector 150
150
130
130
110
110 Index rate
Index rate
England
90
Northwest
Cheshire (including Warrington) Cumbria
90
Greater Manchester
70
70
Lancashire
50
50
Greater Merseyside
30
30 1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
1998
Source: IDBR ONS
2000
2002
2004
2006
Source: IDBR ONS
Business turnover (indexed scores - 1998 base = 100) Advanced engineering and materials sector The national figure for business turnover in the sector indicates a decrease to 98 by 2006. The Northwest index for 2006 is 84. The smallest decrease in business turnover is Lancashire with a 2006 index of 98. The greatest decline (relative or absolute) at sub regional level is a score of 33 for Cumbria. Change in business turnover 1998-2006 Advanced engineering and materials sector 200
175
150
Index rate
125
100
75
50
25
0 1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Source: IDBR ONS
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Northwest regional overview: The advanced engineering and materials sector KEY STATISTICS Advanced engineering and materials sector
Other enterprise areas
All sectors
REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE National share (proportion of England’s enterprises in the Northwest) Enterprises
12.9%
11.7%
11.5%
Employees
12.0%
11.4%
11.1%
Turnover
9.3%
8.7%
6.5%
Small enterprises (those employing less than 10 people as a proportion of the sector’s enterprises in the region) Enterprises
83.6%
87.8%
88.2%
Employees
18.4%
16.5%
17.6%
Turnover
15.1%
19.5%
19.6%
Change over time (at a regional level - between 1998 and 2006) Enterprises
-9.1%
-7.7%
-0.7%
Employees
-21.3%
5.4%
6.3%
Turnover
-15.8%
-
-6.7%
SUB-REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE Sub-regional share – Enterprises Cheshire
15.5%
15.3%
16.0%
Cumbria
7.6%
11.4%
10.2%
Greater Manchester
40.4%
34.4%
35.4%
Lancashire
22.4%
23.7%
23.0%
Greater Merseyside
14.2%
15.3%
15.4%
Cheshire
14.3%
16.3%
16.6%
Cumbria
3.7%
5.9%
5.5%
Greater Manchester
43.0%
38.3%
39.4%
Lancashire
22.7%
20.0%
19.4%
Greater Merseyside
16.3%
19.4%
19.1%
Cheshire
16.0%
21.0%
20.3%
Cumbria
2.6%
5.2%
4.4%
Greater Manchester
42.8%
36.7%
38.3%
Lancashire
22.6%
19.4%
18.1%
Greater Merseyside
16.0%
17.6%
18.8%
Sub-regional share – Employees
Sub-regional share – Turnover
Area definitions as adopted in the Regional Economic Strategy:
Cheshire – including Warrington Greater Merseyside – including Halton Lancashire – including Blackburn with Darwen and Blackpool
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