MODULE 6 TOEFL PREPARATION
PRACTICE EXERCISES FOR TOEFL PREDICTION
MODULE 6
A. LISTENING SECTION
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In some dialogues in the Listening Section, you will be asked to draw conclusions about the feelings or emotions expressed by the speakers. Words and phrases as well as the tone of voice of speakers in the conversation will provide information for your conclusions. Choose the best answer.
1. How does the man feel?
A. He is worried.
B. He is happy.
C. He feels confident.
D. He feels tired.
2. How did the man feel about the movie?
A. He thought it was a very unrealistic movie.
B. He was impressed with the movie.
C. He agreed with the woman about the movie.
D. He liked the movie because it was a fairy tale.
3. How does the woman feel about the TOEFL?
A. She does not know whether she did well.
B. She thinks that she improved her score.
C. She believes that she scored about 490.
D. She is concerned about the reading comprehension section.
4. How does the woman feel about the man?
A. She believes that he is having a bad day.
B. She does not like the man.
C. She thinks that he never pays attention.
D. She likes to help the man every day.
5. How does the man feel about Rick?
A. He forgot who he was.
B. He thinks that Rick and Lucy will forget to come.
C. He likes Rick, but not Lucy.
D. He does not want to invite them.
6. What is the man's reaction to the news?
A. He is surprised.
B. He is confused.
C. He does not agree.
D. He does not want to know.
7. How does the man feel about the assignments?
A. He does not care.
B. He does not like the lab assistant.
C. He does not like the grading system.
D. He does not agree with the woman.
8. What best describes the man's opinion of Terry?
A. He feels protective of Terry.
B. The man is supportive.
C. He has his doubts about Terry.
D. He feels hostile toward Terry.
9. How does the man feel about the review session?
A. He wants to go, but he won't.
B. He does not want to go, but he will.
C. He wants to go, and he will.
D. He does not want to go, and he won't.
10. How does the man feel about Janine?
A. He thinks Janine would be difficult to live with.
B. He thinks Janine and the woman will like living together.
C. He thinks it would be better to live with Janine than with Carol.
D. He thinks that Janine and Carol should live together.
B. STRUCTURE SECTION
In some sentences in the Structure Section, you will be asked to identify the correct comparative. A comparative can be a word or phrase that expresses similarity or difference. A comparative can also be a word ending like -er or -est that expresses a degree of comparison with adjectives and adverbs. Choose the correct answer in the incomplete sentences. Choose the incorrect word or phrase in the underlined choices.
1. Tuition at an American university runs … twenty thousand dollars a semester.
A. so high as B. as high to C. as high as D. as high than
2. Alligators are about the same color than crocodiles, although the adults may be slightly darker with broader heads and blunter noses.
3. Laser discs provide images of best quality than those of either television signals or video tapes.
4. The cost of a thirty-second commercial on a network television station is for most businesses.
A. so much
B. much
C. very much
D. much too much
5. The New York City subway system is the most longest underground railroad operating in the world.
6. School children in the same grade in American schools are usually the same old as their classmates.
7. The seed heads of teasel plants raise the nap on coarse tweed cloth than do the machine tools invented to replace them.
A. more efficiently
B. efficiently
C. more efficient
D. most efficient
8. Benjamin Franklin was the editor of the larger newspaper in the colonies, a diplomatic representative to France and later to England, and the inventor of many useful devices.
9. The standard for cleanliness in the area where a microchip is manufactured is same that of an operating room in a hospital.
10. The North American robin is only the European and African robins.
A. half big
B. as big half
C. half as big as
D. big by half
11. Mountain bikes differ ordinary bicycles in that they have ten or more gears, a more rugged frame, and wider treads on the tires.
12. As a rule, the more rapid the heart rate, faster the pulse.
13. In U.S. law, a misdemeanor is a crime that is … a felony, and usually carries a term of imprisonment of less than one year for most offenses.
A. lesser than
B. less severe than
C. less than severe
D. severely lesser
14. Although both are mammals, the early stages of development on the part of placentals differ from ….
A. marsupials
B. that of marsupials
C. those of marsupials
D. those marsupials
15. Eli Whitney's cotton gin enabled the cotton producers of the early nineteenth century to increase their production by … times the amount produced prior to the invention.
A. more fifty
B. more as fifty
C. more than fifty
D. most than fifty
16. 250,000 species of fossils have been discovered in both organized, scientific searches and by sheer accident.
A. As much as
B. As many as
C. As many
D. Many as
17. The North's abundance of industry and commercial wealth proved to be a greater advantage in determining the outcome of the Civil War.
A. than originally thought
B. that originally thought
C. as originally thought
D. originally thought
18. The Woodstock Music and Art Fair of 1969 captured the essence of the counterculture movement of the 1960s
A. most than any of other events
B. best that any other event
C. than any other events
D. better than any other event
19. Alike her friend and fellow impressionist artist, Edgar Degas, Mary Cassatt used brush strokes and colors in new and different ways
20. A dancer, while always graceful and precise in her movements, trains any other athlete.
A. as strenuously
B. more strenuously as
C. as strenuously as
D. as strenuously that
C.
READING SECTION
In some questions in the Reading Section, you will be asked to recall and relate information and content from narration or sequence passages. Choose the best answer for multiple-choice questions.
Glacial Movement
Like all minerals, ice has specific properties of hardness, color, melting point (quite low in the case of ice), and brittleness. We know the properties of ice best from those brittle little cubes in the freezer. But glacial ice has different properties, depending on its location in a glacier. In a glacier's depths, glacial ice behaves in a plastic manner, distorting and flowing in response to weight and pressure from above and the degree of slope below. In contrast, the glacier's upper portion is more like the everyday ice we know, quite brittle.
A glacier's rate of flow ranges from almost nothing to a kilometer or two per year on a steep slope. The rate of snow accumulation in the formation area is critical to the pace of glacial movement.
Glaciers are not rigid blocks that simply slide downhill. The greatest movement within a valley's glacier occurs internally, below the rigid surface layer, where the underlying zone moves plastically forward. At the same time, the base creeps and slides along, varying its speed with temperature and the presence of any lubricating water or saturated sediment beneath the ice. This basal slip usually is much slower than the internal plastic flow of the glacier, so the upper portion of the glacier flows ahead of the lower portion. The difference in speed stretches the glacier's brittle surface ice.
In addition, the pressure may vary in response to unevenness in the landscape beneath the ice. Basal ice may be melted by compression at one moment, only to refreeze later. This process is called ice regelation, meaning to refreeze or regel. Regelation is important because it facilitates downslope movement and because the process incorporates rock debris into the glacier. Consequently, a glacier's basal ice layer, which can extend tens of meters above its base, has a much greater debris content than the ice above.
A flowing glacier can develop vertical cracks known as crevasses. Crevasses result from friction with valley walls, or tension from stretching as the glacier passes over convex slopes, or compression as the glacier passes over concave slopes. Traversing a glacier, whether an alpine glacier or an ice sheet, is dangerous because a thin veneer of snow sometimes masks the presence of a crevasse.
Glacier Surges. Although glaciers flow plastically and predictably most of the time, some will lurch forward with little or no warning in a glacier surge. A surge is not quite as abrupt as it sounds; in glacial terms, a surge can be tens of meters per day. The Jakobshavn Glacier in Greenland, for example, is known to move between 7 and 121un (4.3 and 7.5 mi) a year.
In the spring of 1986. Hubbard Glacier and its tributary Valerie Glacier surged across the mouth of Russell Fjord in Alaska, cutting it of from contact with Yukutat Bay. This area, the St. Elias Mountain Range in southeastern Alaska, is fed by annual snowfall that averages more than 850 cm (335 in. a year so the surge event had been predicted. But the rapidity of the surge was surprising. The glacier's movement exceeded 34m (112ft) per day during the peak surge, an enormous increase over its normal rate of 15 cm (6in.) per day.
The exact cause of such a glacier surge is being studied. Some surge events result from a buildup of water pressure under the glacier, sometimes enough to actually float the glacier slightly, detaching it from its bed, during the surge. As a surge begins, icequakes are detectable, and ice faults are visible. Surges can occur in dry conditions as well, as the glacier plucks (picks up) rock from its bed and moves forward. Another cause of glacier surges is the presence of a
water-saturated layer of sediment, a so-called soft bed, beneath the glacier. This is a deformable layer that cannot resist the tremendous sheer stress produced by the moving ice of the glacier. Scientists examining cores taken from several ice streams now accelerating through the West Antarctic Ice Sheet think they have identified this cause although water pressure is still important.
Glacial Movement (Question References)
Like all minerals, ice has specific properties of hardness, color, melting point (quite low in the case of ice), and brittleness. We know the properties of ice best from those brittle little cubes in the freezer. But glacial ice has different properties, depending on its location in a glacier. In a glacier's depths, glacial ice behaves in a plastic manner, distorting and flowing in response to weight and pressure from above and the degree of slope below. In contrast, the glacier's upper portion is more like the everyday ice we know, quite brittle.
A glacier's rate of flow ranges from almost nothing to a kilometer or two per year on a steep slope. A The rate of snow accumulation in the formation area is critical to the pace of glacial movement. B
Glaciers are not rigid blocks that simply slide downhill. C The greatest movement within a valley's glacier occurs internally, below the rigid surface layer, where the underlying zone moves plastically forward. D At the same time, the base creeps and slides along, varying its speed with temperature and the presence of any lubricating water or saturated sediment beneath the ice. This basal slip usually is much slower than the internal plastic flow of the glacier, so the upper portion of the glacier flows ahead of the lower portion. The difference in speed stretches the glacier's brittle surface ice.
In addition, the pressure may vary in response to unevenness in the landscape beneath the ice. Basal ice may be melted by compression at one moment, only to refreeze later. This process is called ice regelation, meaning to refreeze or regel. Regelation is important because it facilitates downslope movement and because the process incorporates rock debris into the glacier. Consequently, a glacier's basal ice layer, which can extend tens of meters above its base, has a much greater debris content than the ice above.
A flowing glacier can develop vertical cracks known as crevasses. Crevasses result from friction with valley walls, or tension from stretching as the glacier passes over convex slopes, or compression as the glacier passes over concave slopes. Traversing a glacier, whether an alpine glacier or an ice sheet, is dangerous because a thin veneer of snow sometimes masks the presence of a crevasse.
Glacier Surges. Although glaciers flow plastically and predictably most of the time, some will lurch forward with little or no warning in a glacier surge. A surge is not quite as abrupt as it sounds; in glacial terms, a surge can be tens of meters per day. The Jakobshavn Glacier in Greenland, for example, is known to move between 7 and 121un (4.3 and 7.5 mi) a year.
In the spring of 1986. Hubbard Glacier and its tributary Valerie Glacier surged across the mouth of Russell Fjord in Alaska, cutting it of from contact with Yukutat Bay. This area, the St. Elias Mountain Range in southeastern Alaska, is fed by annual snowfall that averages more than 850 cm (335 in. a year so the surge event had been predicted. But the rapidity of the surge was surprising. The glacier's movement exceeded 34m (112ft) per day during the peak surge, an enormous increase over its normal rate of 15 cm (6in.) per day.
The exact cause of such a glacier surge is being studied. Some surge events result from a buildup of water pressure under the glacier, sometimes enough to actually float the glacier slightly, detaching it from its bed, during the surge. As a surge begins, icequakes are detectable, and ice faults are visible. Surges can occur in dry conditions as well, as the glacier plucks (picks
up) rock from its bed and moves forward. Another cause of glacier surges is the presence of a water-saturated layer of sediment, a so-called soft bed, beneath the glacier. This is a deformable layer that cannot resist the tremendous sheer stress produced by the moving ice of the glacier. Scientists examining cores taken from several ice streams now accelerating through the West Antarctic Ice Sheet think they have identified this cause although water pressure is still important.
1. With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?
A. Glacial surges
B. Crevasses
C. Ice regelation
D. Movement of glaciers
2. In which part of the glacier is the most debris concentrated?
A. The basal ice layer in the glacier
B. The crevasses that develop in the glacier
C. The brittle surface ice of the glacier
D. The soft bed beneath the glacier
3. The word brittle in the passage is closest in meaning to ….
A. common
B. fragile
C. soft
D. shiny
4. The word abrupt in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. Unexpected
B. Lengthy
C. Destructive
D. Simple
5. The word its in the passage refers to
A. properties
B. glacial ice
C. cubes
D. minerals
6. According to paragraph 8, why do glacial surges usually occur?
A. Heavy snow pushes the glacier forward.
B. Water pressure under the glacier causes the ice to float.
C. Dry rock and dirt that is packed under the glacier moves.
D. Earthquakes under the ice sheet pick up the glacier.
7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.
A. Glaciers in different locations have distinct properties.
B. The properties of ice vary according to its location in the glacier.
C. The ice in glaciers has different properties from other types of ice.
D. The factor that determines the properties of glaciers is the ice.
8. The author mentions all of the following characteristics of glaciers EXCEPT ….
A. glaciers are a major source of fresh water
B. glacial ice has all the properties of a mineral
C. ice flows below the surface of a glacier
D. a crust of snow often forms on top of the glacier
9. It can be inferred from this passage that ….
A. glaciers normally move very slowly
B. ice regelation does not affect glacial movement
C. all glacial surges are caused by icequakes
D. Alaska has more glaciers than Greenland
10. Four squares (❑) indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
In other words, the heavier the snowfall, the faster the glacier moves.
Where would the sentence best fit into the passage?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
11. Complete the table below by identifying each of the answer choices as a characteristic of basal slip, regelation, or glacier surge. Three of the answer choices will not be used.
A. Basal ice refreezes, thereby incorporating debris into the glacier.
B. The debris in a glacier is deposited in front of the melting ice.
C. A glacier may become detached from the bed, floating slightly.
D. The color of the ice changes somewhat as the glacier moves.
E. The lower part of the glacier moves more slowly than the upper part.
F. Stretching or compressing can cause vertical cracks in the ice.
G. A difference in the speed of the top layer and the interior ice stretches the surface ice.
H. Compression may temporarily melt the basal ice.
I. As the process begins, icequakes are often detected.
Basal slip Regelation
Glacier surge
12. Complete a summary of the passage by selecting THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas. The other three sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not in the passage or they do not refer to the major ideas How do glaciers move?
A. A glacial surge can occur unpredictably, moving the ice sheet more abruptly than usual.
B. A thin layer of snow can sometimes hide the presence of a potentially dangerous crevasse.
C. Below the surface of a glacier, the ice flows, thereby moving the glacier forward.
D. Hubbard Glacier in Alaska experienced a sudden and very rapid surge in 1986.
E. Snow accumulation, temperature, water, or sediment beneath the ice can affect the rate of the movement.
F. The movement of a glacier is usually so slow that it must be studied over a long period of time.