1l'~'\.
the voice of 255,000 forest owners in New York - representing an ownership of 11 million acres
jtj . "FROM TI ME IMMEMORIAL trees have provided the sinews of civilization. ,~;,:~,~\. The hterature of all languages is filled with phrases for the beauty of trees - but so ac c~stomed have we become to the warmth and nourishment that could not be ours wrthout them that, like the air itself, they are often taken for granted. " Francis T. Spaulding, former Commissioner of Education New York State, in Bulletin to the Schools, March 1949. '
~.:u\..J..)
FACES ON OF DIRECTORS S OF ELECTION
State University
of New York
New York City Office 60 East 42nd St. New York, N. Y. 10017
Ma.reh 21, 1968 with many votes were: .F. Daly, RD#l, Richfield -poryo, •• ", , N. Y. Attorney David H. Hanaburgh, Craft Lane, _~aIlall, N. Y. Consulting Forester ert S. Loucks, RD # 1, Kirk• N. Y. ASCS career man Id C. Maki, 124Nelson Road, N. Y. Science teacher, geolonsultant wood W. Olmsted, 7855 Meroad, Glens Falls, N. Y. WoodManager bert M. Sand, Odessa, N. Y. _"_~f""."',timber buyer, forest manSmigel, PrestonHollow, N. Y. operator, dairyman ry A. Southard, Valhalla, N. ood Procurement Manager old Tyler, RD #2, Worcester, • Farm operator, maple syrup
_ College
W. van Loon, Clinton, Forester, Hamilton
for 3 year terms were: sted, Maki, Tyler, Loucks, "'",nn"'gh, Sand and Daly. for 2 year terms: "gel and Southard, to fill vacBoard. year term: Loon, to fill vacancy on Board.
TRIBUTE TO OUR TREASURER MRS. LUELLA B. PALMER Back in October, we learned our Treasurer had received special recognition for her services to Girl Scouts by the Central New York Girl Scout Council, presenting her with a bronze Girl Scout statuette which we discovered in the Palmer home at an NYFOA Executive Committee Meeting. At the time it was presented at the F. Ware Clary School in Syracuse, Luella received a standing ovation for her more that 20 years of service since 1947 "when she got mixed up with the Girl Scouts. " Fortunately, "the transition to working and interest in NYFOA was a natural follow-up!" For 4years Luella "dida Yoeman's job in screening applications for National and International events, as well as camper ship applications" and according to Ethel Gettmann, Secretary of the Central Girl Scout Council "carried out a most difficult j ob with distinction. " For her work as Treasurer and Membership Secretary of NYFOA and in charge of registration for our Annual and Fall Meetings these several years, we in NYFOA add our grateful appreciation and thanks!
Mr. Floyd E. Carlson Executive Vice President New York Forest Owners Assoc. College of Forestry Syracuse, N. Y. 13210 Dear Floyd: I am terribly sorry to be so late in responding to your letter of February 13th and the material that you were kind enough to send along with it. The fact is that I took three weeks off and went to Europe for some skiing. I am now back (or almost back) and getting around to a sizeable backlog of correspondence. I was delighted to have received thebackissues of the Forest Owner, and the application for membership in the Association. I have just this moment sent in the application and now consider myself a full-fledged member of the fraternity. I thoroughly enjoyed our session at the Sheraton Motor Inn and am very grateful for the opportunity of meeting you and the others who are associated in this tremendously worthwhile activity. Best regards. Sincerely, Robert E. Thomas Vice Chancellor {or Educational Communications
ON PERSOf'fALIZING YOUR FOREST Arthur J. Weinheimer "Rocky Knoll Wqods" Old Chatham, N. Y.
It was very interesting to note, in visiting Donald Makie' s woodland during the past 5th Fall Meeting, the well executed sign he had proclaiming, "The Land Above the Land. "It set me to wondering how many other New York Forest Owner members might have similarly interesting and descriptive names for their holdings. In my own section is Dave Cook's "CooxroxForest" and my own "Rocky Knoll Woods," - both hinting of our geological heritage , - butthere must be many more. Aside from naming the total forest area, there is also ample opportunity to make distinctive portions which have special significance because of flora, fauna, personal experiences or past history. One of the first chores in setting about the management of a woodland tract should be to prepare a map or sketch outlining the area and dividing it into smaller units for ease in keeping records. This can be done by delineating areas of similar topography. age of species, thereby simplifying management decisions. The size of these divisions depends on the visible or measurable variations in natural conditions. It also depends on the scale of operations and intensity of management. For a weekender working alone, units one to two "acres in size might be practical. Units can vary anywhere from one to hundreds of acres. The forester's approach to this problem of creating units or compartments is naturally, practical. He will apply numbers to units as the most systematic way of keeping track of them. The landowner need not be restricted to cold numbers. As he becomes familiar with his land and its local history he will soon find place names of his own. This will make the forest property more of a real live thing. - to him at any rate. In my own case I started in with numbers. Istillretainthem, but have also given names to all but four of the 16 units in my 212 acres. Of the last five units, purchased in 1966, only "Mossy Top" has been named thus far, but the others will undoubtedly follow in due time. One of my earlier units came already provided with a name. A deed description of the piece in the mid-
1800's referred to it as the "Ii North Woods" and though it is our most easterly one, it is "North Woods" to us. Parenthetically, it might be interesting to note that in the early 1900' s it was part of the same ownership as our original 97 acres. After two changes of title the "North Woods" came back to the fold via J. Henry. In a somewhat potted condition, this same Mr. Henry dr ove an old pickup truck through the woods and finally hung it up on the boulders in a streambed on my property. The next few days it snowed and grew bitterly cold. The truck was frozen fast in the streambed and stayed there until spring. The spotis now known as "Henry's Crossing. " Then there is the case of "Lost Acres." It wasn't until I set about making my own forest management map that I discovered that this steep side hill of 12 acres, without visible exterior lines, belonged to us. Our boundary in that area proved to be not the "Squish Line" indicated by the former owner. "Koos' Woods" came to us "from Arthur Koos. He stripped the 14 acre piece, just back of our house, down to the last 2" stock of firewood, except for a little fringe of trees around our back lawn which he left voluntarily. I paid him to leave a beautiful strip of timber along the stream. He gave me the land in exchange for a right-of-way into it while he was cutting. Other area names like North Slope, Far and Near East, Cathedral Pines and The Wilderness are merely descriptive, but are certainly more interesting than pla:in numbers. Perhaps this nomenclatural recital will stimulate other Forest Owner members to write the Forest Owner about some of their own "private places" and happenings. (Editor's Note: An excellent suggestion! Let's hear his tory or events leading up to your having or owning forest land. ) WOULD YOU EVER HAVE GUESSED IT? The world's supply of water is: 97% in the ocean; 2% in ice caps; O. 6%in groundwater; 0.3% in the atmosphere; O. l%inlakes, inland seas and salt lakes, soil, and rivers. Note there's three times as much water in the atmosphere surrounding the globe than in all the earth's lake s, inland seas, soil and rivers. There is six times as much water underground as there is visible on the surface of the earth.
PARTICLEBOARD COMES OF AGE: In little more than twenty years the particleboard industry has gr from its f i r s t conception to the statu of a full-fledged partner in the fores products economy. In North Arneri the industry output has doubled eve five years. This new product can be made a wide range of densities ranging fr 25 to 30 lb. / cu. ft. for a low- stre door -core material to 55 to 60 Ib, / ft. for premium products which em pha s iz e qualities like strength and machinability, although necessar at a higher cost for the board. In the medium -density range. par ticleboard at 40 to 45 lb. / cu. ft. 1/3 to 1/4 the strength and stiffnes of plywood and is therefore gener used in applications in which strength and stiffness of plywood ar of no particular value, or in strength and stiffness are gained applying veneers to the the particle boar do. -=T:.!h~e:.-.:::::~~~::li. of
strong grain patterns of plywood. In its use as Iur ni ture core, the surface quality of par ticleboard can be made sufficie high to eliminate the need for cros bands under thin decorative v faces. The modern particleboard plant technically sophisticated, repres an investment in the range of one four million dollars, and consume various forms of wood at a rate of to 400 oven-dry tons per day. With modern techniques, high ity boards can be made from var woodresidues--thinnings, pulp chips planer shavings. Thus particle manufacture can serve the wood-us industry in two ways: it utilizes 1 value wood and wood residues that m otherwise have to be disposed of burning, and it fills the need for g quality panel products created by growing scarcity of quality lumber veneer. (Source: Research News, Dept. of Forestry and Rural Development-Canada, November-December, 196 And there is about 20 times much water tied up in ice caps waciers as there is in the earth's surface water in lakes, streams, etc (Source: The Hydrologic Cycle, an excellent 8 page illustrated folder for sale by Supt. of Documents. U. S. Printing Office, Washington, 20402. Price l5¢)
on the big log pice. It is probably the largest load of -dwood ever hauled in the Adrr on- s. Maybe anywhere. The three logs are American Elm, own on one of the heavily forested ctrons of Whitney Park in northern . ton County. Each of these stems - cut off at the first branch. The big log is 39 inches average eter at the small end. It is 52 long and we gues s it contains a4,000 board feet. I can't find any - rules that go this high. counted the rings on the butt and d three hundred. There were four different release iods showing in the ring spacing. We loaded it with two cranes worksimultaneously, our 25 ton heel on the butt and a smaller Prenhydraulic on the top end. eplanonputtingthese e Woodsmen's Field August.
three logs Day parade
Art Mitchell of Tupper Lake, a third generation logger, is the truck driver standing by the butt. His uncle Vincent Mitchell, skidded the log with a Caterpillar D6 tractor. I think a man would have to go back to s orne of the old first cut pines to find a bigger log. Sincerely, (signed) John W. Stock PAPER PRODUCTION AND PRODUCERS "Across the country there are over 600,000 people working in woodlands, offices, mills, laboratories, sales territories - all pouring out energies and talents ina single direction - that of producing and selling over 100 billion pounds of paper and allied products used by the total population of this vast land. "Quite a responsibility for a business that in 1966 sold products valued at $17 billion and that represents a net worth of about $9 million. Yes, quite a responsibility to our employees, our suppliers, stockholders and our customers. "The importance of our industry is well established and the dependen-
cy of the American economy on our output is basic. Perhaps no other single material has played so large a role in the progress of civilized man as paper. The ability to record the spoken word is the foundation of modern life and it forms the basis for the progress of tomorrow. The story of paper is, then, the story of man's progress and existence in many civilizations. (Source: Papyrus News Syracuse Pulp and Paper Foundation, Inc. March 1968. From an address by Paul C. Baldwin, Executive Vice President, Scott Paper Co. ) BOX SCORE ON PUBLIC LAW 566 No watershed projects were approved in February for operations under P. L. 566, the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act. Here is the current status: Total applications to date 2,697 Authorized for planning 1,392 Approved for operations 827 Under construction 407 Construction completed 196 Projects completed 167 (Source: March 12, 1968 Tuesday Letter - National As s ociation
6TH ANNUAL MEETING PROVIDES FINE FORESTRY FARE From the opening of the morning sessionat 9:00 a. m. at the Northway Inn in Syracuse with John W. Stock, 1st Vice President, presiding, until adjournment at 3:30 p. m. Saturday afternoon April 6, 1968, the 6th Annual Meeting of the New York Forest Owners Association, Inc. provided a continuous fare of educational, informational and iriteresting discussion centering around the theme "Better Use ofYour Forest Land."
ident Hanaburgh presiding, reports were made by the Treasurer, 路Mrs. Luella B. Palmer, Executive Vice, President, Floyd E. Carlson, and by chairmen of some committees, Ralph G. Unger on Budget and Auditing, 'Emiel Palmer on' Printing. New bylaws were adopted by the membership. The results of the election of new members or continued members on the Board of Directors, by mail ballot, were announced by Dr. Richard V. Lea as printed in another column.
Beginning with a sympathetic welcome tothe city by Mrs. Maria Farr, Councilman at Large, City of Syracuse, expressing the nation's and the community's shock in the wake of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Mrs. Farr complimented NYFOA members for their interest in the improvement of forests. and forest lands, stating that similar care and interest must be uppermost in every community's concern for all of its citizens. Lead off speaker was Woody Olmsted, Woodlands Manager of the largest Tree Farm of New York State. Woody put into focus the Woodlands Manager's point of view as he saw opportunities for the forest owners in New York State to make a contribution to forest esthetics, improved forestry and to the industries dependent on wood, in developing his subject "Your Forests and You. "
Serving as MC at the Heiberg MemorialAwardluncheon, Henry G. Williams, Jr., Associate Professor, School of Landscape Architecture, State University College of Forestry, introduced officers and guests and their wives at the head table including Mrs. Aase Heiberg, Dean Edwin C. Jahn, Dean Emeritus Hardy L. Shirley and Dr. and Mrs. Farr who had just joined NYFOA. Welcome! The luncheon culminated with the Svend O. Heiberg Memorial Award being presented to Floyd E. Carlson who expressed his deep appreciation for the honor bestowed on him in recognition of his five year service as Secretary and more recently as Executive Vice President of the New York Forest Owners Association. The afternoon program featured an outstanding lecture entitled"Wood! - An Amazing MaterialRevelations of the Electron Microscope" presented by Dr. Wilfred A. Cote, Jr. , Professor Wood Products Engineering, State University College of Forestry, who led his interested audience from the outside of the trunk ofatree, step by step, to the fantastic aspects of the inner space of wood cells. Segments of wood structure, and the inside of the wall of wood cells were shown on the screen upt'o magnification 200,000 times. The 6th Annual Meeting of NYFOA concluded with an experienced panel of consulting foresters made up of David H. Hanaburgh, John W. Stock, Donald E. Peterson and Fred E. Winch, Jr. fielding questions from members present. Most of the discussioncenteredontheproblems oftrespass.
Discussing "Planting the Ri ght Trees on the Right Soil," Dr. Earl L. Stone, Jr., Department of Agronomy at Cornell University, next presented an excellent talk enhanced with Kodachrome slides, on forest soils and the relation of soils to the success of tree growing. The coffee break in the dining section provided a fine opportunity for old and new friends to gather at round tables where later the luncheon was served. Returning to the auditorium Dr. James C. Whittaker, Project Leader, USDA Forest Service Recreation Research Unit and Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry, pointed out "that New York's small woodland owners collectively control morethan3/4of the State's commercial forest land or 76.40/0" and said "Small privately owned forest areas are, without doubt, the greatest potential bas e for outdoor recreation here in Eastern United States. " At the business meeting with Pres-
Special thanks are due Director Emiel D. Palmer on Arrangements, Mrs. Luella B. Palmer on Registration, who also handled the cash for the sale of Dean Shirley's book, and to Professor Henry G. Williams" Jr. for his deft handling of the luncheon and several segments of the program.
TAX FAX UNF AIR TAX ESCAP E OR TOWARDS EQUALIZING TAX TREATMENT? Part II. by Attorney Richard M. Bowers, member of the Forestry Committee of the Connecticut Forest and Park Association. It is submitted that one criteria of a fair and just local property tax upon real estate not taken into account in the fair market value, or ad valorum, method of assessment which should be considered is the cost to the town or city of the services required by that real estate from the local community. Under this criteria the industrial, commercial and residential regions of a community require nearly all of the services such as police protection, sewer and drainage systems, public education, etc. P. A. 490 lands - forest, and open space - call for or require little or no s..ervices, and therefore the fair, equal or proper level of taxation would be much lower than r es rdenti al , commercial or other developed lands which require many and expens ive services. Thus an assessment for forest, farm or open space land of $10 per acre, in a particular situation, might be fair and equal tax treatment as compared with an assessment of $3,000 per acre for commercialland even if each parcel of land, if vacant and unimproved, would have the same fair market value. My five year old daughter would correct me if I told her that 10 and 3,000 are equal considering equality in a narrow, or what might be called a legalistic or pigeonhole concept of mathematical equality. But the test should not be numerical or mathematical equality, but rather a more complex concept of societal or economic equality. In such a context it is submitted that the amount of services required by the real estate being assessed is and should be a substantial factor in determining what is fair and equal assessment. Until the pas sage of P. A. 490 our law did not have such provisions and only the common-sense wisdom of local assessors kept the law from causing gross inequities in many cases. The forest area of New York State is 14,450,000 acres--nearly one half of the area of the State. Privately York totals State' area.
owned forest land in New 12,002,000 acres--400/0 of
FOREST OWNERSHIP FOR P LEASURE AND PROFIT RECOMMENDED FOR FOREST OWNERS Published 1967, by Syracuse Uni-. ve r s ity Press, this 214 page book is a storehouse of boiled down information for anyone interested in ownership of forestland, whether he or she be a present owner or a prospective owner or by one interested in getting a general view of the activities that go into planning and use of forest areas by responsible forest land owners. The book aims to bring practical suggestions and procedures to the forest owner as indicated in the chapter headings: Incentives for Forest Ownership, Financing the Forest Estate, Selecting a Site for the Forest Property, Buying Forest Land, Managing the Forest Property, Timber Marketing, Increasing Forest Productivity, the Forest Owner in the Local Community. Tone of the entire book stems from the preface RURAL AMERICA IN TRANSITION which states "A new type of owner is rapidly changing the pattern of rural America. He is bringing a different orientation to land ownership than the traditional use for farming or timber harvest. These new owners are not engaged in wresting their bas ic livelihood from the soil but rather in enjoying the amenities of rural life and the other satisfactions that ownership of a sizeable tract of land can bring. " The preface summarizes the reason for the book: "Many of the new owners wish to make their lands - in addition to being a source of income and pleasure to themselves - socially useful and esthetically pleasing to others. The purpose of this book is to help them make their holdings attractive, socially useful, and pr ofitable , It is intended particularly for those owning lands that are already forested or who are considering acquiring relatively wildlands away from major highways. We have explored the motives for ownership, examined the costs and expected returns as well as methods of financing, and have advised the prospective owner about methods and techniques for acquiring and managing a forest estate for pleasure and income. " For many forest owners the heart of the responsibility for owning forest land is management. The authors, one of whom is Dean Emeritus Hardy L. Shir ley, is him s elf an owner of
The risk of Spring fires now is heightened by the fact that the season coincides with spring cleanup time for farmers and homeowners as well as the start of the fishing season. Forest rangers, fire departments and volunteer firemen throughout the State are hard pressed to keep up with the rash of blazes, particularly on weekends.
Floyd Carls on (left) SCS charter member and member Winter Meeting program committee, looks on as Phil Commings (center) receives plaque from Ted Fedak chairman, awards committee, Empire State Chapter, Soil Conservation Society of America. MEMBER PHILIP CUMMINGS WINS EMPIRE STATE CHAPTER AWARD The Empire State Chapter Soil Conservation Society at its Annual Winter Meeting banquet February 6, 1968 at Willard Straight Hall, Cornell University noted the many accomplishments of Philip Cummings, Bainbridge, N. Y. in the field of s oil and water conservation particularly. F or his outstanding accomplishments and leadership in conservation, he was presented with the Chapter's Merit Award. The Cummings farm includes 150 acres of native woods, 20 acres in plantation, mostly red pine and larch. It includes a sugar bush "built from the ground up "during the last 25 years. Maple syrup is s old at retail fr om the farm. In the past Phil has served on the ForestPractice Board, as representative from Chenango County. He is now representing the New York State Association of Soil and Water Conservation Districts on the State Forestry Planning Committee. several thousand acres of forest land in New York State. The other author, Associate Dean Paul F. Graves, was for many years head of the Department of Forest Management of the State University College of Forestry. On page 102 under the heading Management Planning the authors state: "The desires of the owner of a forest holding are sopersonal, the 'property he acquires so unique, and the complexity of fitting his desires to his property so great that developing a plan of operation becomes an important and individual task. The task is one that should be promptly under-
taken because the management plan will guide his decisions over a reasonableperiodintothe future, usuallya decade. Inall probability, he will seek early assistance from his -c onsultant forester in such planning. "The management plan is a carefully reasoned document that states the owner's objectives, assigns priorities to them, lists the resources of the property, weighs these in terms of the objectives, and sets forth a plan of operation to achieve definite goals over the planning period. This plan should cover any additional land acquisitions .arid the anticipated expenditures for this purpose. It should list the various resources of the land and indicate the potential for producing income and other satisfactions. " The chapter on Managing the Property is the longest in the book - 37 pages. Next in length is the 34 pages devoted to "Financing the Forest Estate. " In the Ia st chapter "The Forest Owner in the Local Community, " the authors analyze conditions likely to be found in the rural community. An appendix entitled, "Acquiring Understanding and Competence" takes up a variety of subjects: Forestry tools and instruments, Tools for woods work, Tools for forest management, State Forestry and Conservation Or gani zattons , Regional and Industrial As s ociations , National organizations, the Consulting Forester, the Attorney, the Accountant, Other Expert Services. Finally, there is an annotated bib1iography listing 45 recognized books on a wide range of forestry subjects. Any forest owner or prospective forest owner will find Forest Ownership for Pleasure and Profit, a first rate summary of forest ownership concerns written in clear, non technical language and in an easy style that throughout imparts facts and guidance, throwing light on the entire subject of forest ownership, and while doing so, summarizes many changes that have taken place and that are taking, place to make forest ownership for many people more attractive than ever.
NEWS OF YOU Mrs. Maria H. Farr came to our Sixth Annual Meeting to welcome the members of NYFOA to Syracuse in her official capacity as Councilmanat-Large, City of Syracuse. She remained for the entire program and, with her husband, Dr. R. S. Farr, left as a full-fledged member of our Association. The Farrs own forest land in Seneca County. Thomas R. Yacovella owns no forest land and is one of our new members. He is Art Director of Vestal Modez-n De s ign and resides in Apalachin. The ink was barely dry on his filled- out questionnaire when he was asked to design the cover for our new directory. The very striking result will be in your hands in the near future. Walter J. Kaulfuss (Fulton Co. ) A teacher at Mayfield Central School and an alumnus of the College of Forestry is N. Y. State Certified Tree Farmer #200. Richard E. Molyneaux (Broome Co.) - A carpenter and Christmas tree grower from Vestal. Robert E. Thomas (Columbia and Herkimer) - Vice Chancellor for Education Communication, State University of New York with office in New York City. Walter A. Maier (Onondaga) - A research assistant in Wood Products, College of Forestry. Maynard F. Spencer (Madison and Cortland) - A professional forester residing inHomer has the distinction of being NYFOA member #850. Mrs. Luella B. Palmer Membership Secretary Each year, forest industries make products worth a total of over 29 billion dollars.
President: David H. Hanaburgh Craft Lane, Buchanan, N. Y. 10511 Editor - Executive Vice Pres ident: Floyd E. Carlson College of Forestry Syracuse, N. Y. 13210 Treasurer-Membership Mrs .. Luella B. Palmer 157 Ballantyne Rd. Syracuse, N. Y. 13205
Secretary:
DEAN SHIRLEY ENJOYS BOOK SIGNING SESSION AT 6TH ANNUAL MEETING "Forest Ownership for Pleasure and Profit" published by Syracuse University Press, is the title of a newbook by Dean Emeritus Hardy L. Shirley and Associate Dean Paul F. Graves of the State University College of Forestry. At the 6th Annual Meeting of NY FOA April 6, 1968, just off the registration desk, a copy of this new book was on display. Dean Shirley, at the behest of the publishers, brought out a box of the books - in the event forest owners present might like copies. To start the ball rolling, each personregisteredgotaticketfor. a drawing for a free copy, a drawing which came just before lunch, and was won by Mrs. John Stock. Dean Shirley presented a complimentary autographed copy to Mrs. Aase Heiberg who was present. Following a brief announcement about the book, the Dean offered to autograph copies to purchasers. Net result was a line up of purchasers to get autographs, and the box of 24 books was completely empty at the end of the morning session. The Dean was pleased, Syracuse Press was pleased, the purchasers were pleased, and we think you may also be pl eas e d to send for a copy which by new special arrangement with Syracuse University Press makes copies to NYFOA members available at a 10% di s count. Unfair to the purchasers at the 6th Annual Meeting who paid regular prices? Well, they got an autographed copy - and a big smile from Dean Shirley!
GROWING TREES IN SMALL NURSERIES Cornell Extension Bulletin 1198 by Alex Dickson, C. E. Heit and E. L. Stone begins: "Many people wish to grow seedlings of trees -a:~d shrubs in small, non commercial nurseries even though state and commercial nurseries often offer several kinds at moderate cost. The small nursery can serve as a hobby, a project for youth or a preliminary step toward commercial venture. "In some instances, it is the only means of obtaining certain species, varieties or classes of nursery stock that are not commercially available. (If seedlings are raisedfor sale, however, a nurseryman's license must be obtained from the New York State Dept. of Agriculture and Markets, Albany, N. Y.)." Headings in this 21 page bulletin are: Size of Nursery Area, Nursery Selection and Soil Preparation, Seed Sowing and Care, Lifting and Transplanting, Tree Seed Dealers and Seed Collection Data. Growing Trees in Small 'Nurseries is just the kind of publication that will be helpful to the hobbyist, to youth, to the person who wants to see for himself what he can accomplish in starting trees. Six photographs are aids to procedure. Single copies are free to residents of New York State by writing Extension, New York State College of Agriculture, Ithaca, N. Y. Published March 1968. Unhappily, spring fire season or fall, nine out of ten forest fires result from some person's carelessness. Don't let it be you.