the voice (:'~"~'
. ..
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robing trees in gem lace designs that stop my breath with beauty; so I cannot condemn your cold for putting flowers to death.
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of 255,000
WALKS COMING! !! IS COMING
winter starts to lose its grip, oods Walks Committee of the is starting to line up anuminteresting and informative for the coming "season. " we have several Woods scheduled. Others are in the planning stages. - we still have room for more. about a Woods Walk on your - or someplace near you where serve as guide? previous hosts on Woods have had great times in servhost to Woods Walkers. It's
also a Woods Walk. to: H. W. van Loon, Chairman on Woods Walks, 120 Road, Clinton, N. Y. 13323. Thanks. - for you Woods Walkers, watching the Forest Owner for "1IlI:elments of new Woods Walks.
owners
in New York
ownership of 11 million acres But I entreat you not to stay beyond your well-allotted fling lest you even one winged heart delay, its passage urgent, bookedfor spring!
Suzanne Gayne Lenoxdale, Mass.
T D. HENNIGAN, DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY WATER CES CENT ER, KEYNOT E ~...n..L:..L\. AT 7TH _'U.n.~ MEETING bert D. Hennigan, former AsCorrrm i.ss ione r Division of Waters, New York State Dept. _CeLL'H, will be the keynote speaker 7th Annual Meeting when memof the New York Fore st Owners gather at the Syracuse
forest
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Country House Saturday April 12. Theme of the Annual Meeting is PERSPECTIVES ON POLLUTION. Bob Hennigan is a native of Syracuse, N. Y. He graduated with a Bachelor Civil En.gineering degree from Manhattan College in New York City. Healsowon an MA degree in political science from the Maxwell School at Syracuse University. He was, appointed to his present position in the fall of 1967. His responsibility is to serve the State University in stimulating, developing, evaluating and coordinatingwater resource research, instruction and public information programs under the leadership and initiative of the College of Forestry. Prior to his latest appointment, he was Assistant Commissioner, Division of Pure Waters, New York State Department of Health. Before that, from 1960 to 1965, he served as Principal Engineer for the State Office for Local Government. During his assignment he directed special studies relative to water pollution, water supply and solid waste disposal. He provided advice to local officials in the development of needed programs of legislation concerning local government with continuing activities with the Office. He also played a major role in the development of legislation for the Pure Waters pa.ckag e , inter-municipal water supply studies, outlet registration' and the Pure Waters Authority. In February 1967 Hennigan was given the Professional Achievement Awardfor Public Service by the Manhattan College Alumni Society in recognition of his leadership role in the
7th Annual Meeting NYFOA Keynote Speaker, Robert D. Hennigan development and i mp lerrientat ion of the state water pollution control program. InSeptember 1968he was named Water Conservationist of the year by the New York State Conservation Council in further recognition of his contributions to water resource and water quality management. He serves as consultant to the New York City Board of Water Supply and Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. He is a registered professional engineer and the author of many articles and reports in the field of water resources, water supply, pollution control, municipal refuse and sewage disposal and local government organization and financing. An Infantry veteran of World War (continued on next page)
II, Bob is married to the former Virginia Egan of Syracuse, and is the father of two girls and five boys. He is happy to be a resident of Skaneateles and enj oys there by the quality water of Skaneateles Lake. How does it happen that throughout New York State and the nation there is a new concern with water supply and the quality of that water? Let Bob give a partial answer from one of his recent talks entitled "The Manpower and Education Crisis in Water Pollution" presented September 25, 1968 at the 41 st Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation at the Conrad Hilton Hotel in Chicago. "The unexpected post war boom brought with it 'industrial expansion, new industrial processes, detergents, development and many-fold increases in use of pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides. increasing urbanization, an exploding population, prosperity, and increased leisure time. Domestic and industrial demands for water started to spiral out of sight as did the demands for water-based recreation. "Rising community standards and a greater concern for the quality of life and aesthetic concerns as well as increasing water usage resulted in a public demand that government undertake programs to properly protect, develop, enhance, and reclaim the water resources, particularly as water shortages occurred and pollutional situations worsened and became more common and apparent. "The demand has been increasing in intensity for the past 20 years. Public demand, in many instances, has outstripped the ability of programs to meet it. Sometimes public impatience has demanded new leadership. " All of which brings up the questionMany conservation organizahons sponsor walking or horseback trips to remote areas of public lands. Get more information from one of these groups: American Forestry Assoc. 919 17th Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20006 The Sierra Club 1050 Mills Tower San Francisco, California The Wilderness Society 5850 E. Jewell Avenue Denver, Colorado 80222 fr om the National Observer, March 10, 1969.
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do forest owners have a stake or a reason to be interested in pollution? Forest industries providing a market for the forest owner often are polluter s of both air and water. Forest lands may be polluters of water through logging operations or damaged stream banks, through tractor trails and roads tirat become exposed to erosion, carelessness leading to forest fires and resultant wash into streams that are deadly to fish life. Unsightly logging operations, fail-
ing to consider the esthetics in the job, create a type of "pollution" that may be almost as unsavory to the eye as automobile junk yards. Yes, you would be surprised at the variety of things that are now classified under the heading of "pollution" or "an abnormal distortion of the landscape." NYFOA's 7th Annual Meeting will be different that will leave a challenge to every forest owner. Bring a neighbor and friends. going to be a lively meeting!
THE PROPOSED T.IMBER AGENT CONCEPT by F. A. Demeree, Chairman, New York State Forest Practice Board As of now, a Forest Practice Board Committee headed by Robert Br is actively working to develop a practical and workable program to encour and establish accredited timber agents for New York State. It is thought such agents can be of great service and assistance to both timber owners timber buyers by providing expert marketing services, as well as prov supervision of contract, cutting performance, and the general procedures connection with the proper harvesting of New York's individually owned tim lands. One outline of proposed services that might be expected of a timber is listed below. 1. Solicit bids or conduct negotiations on timber marked for sale by Forest Practice Act Foresters. Only reputable parties would be solicited. 2. Show the timber to prospective purchasers on one pre-arranged and explain the conditions of sale. Private showing at the expense of the questing party. 3. Review bids and assist the owner in determing which bid he accept. 4. Provide a timber sale contract or assist the owner's attorney preparation of a timber sale contract. This contract would include guar of Compensation and Liability Insurance, terms of payment, and a bond or deposit to insure performance. 5. Supervise the timber sale contract: a) Inspection of the cutting while in progress and upon completion. b) Enforcement of the contract provisions. c) Check scale or scale the timber when required. d) Keep complete and accurate records of the timber cut and the payments made. The owner will be provided with regular statements. 6. Assist the owner in any contract revisions or extensions as may be necessary due to changes in conditions or unforeseen circumstances. 7. In the event of a breach of contract by the purchaser, he will act for owner. If a minor breach, he will see to its correction or restitution as of normal supervisory practice. If a major breach, any unusual costs charged to the purchaser and covered under the performance bond or cash posit. He will represent the owner in any court action which may develop of a breach of contract. 8. Char ges and fees for services: a) In all normal timber sales, items 1-5 will be done for a charge 10 per cent of the gross stumpage return, except scaling. b) Where scaling is required, an additional charge of $30 per day bemade(pro-ratedat$4perhour for less than 1/2 day) and to the purchaser of the stumpage. c) Breach of contract charges will be charged against the bond or deposit as stated in item 7 above. d) Any other services required (except expert testimony and tax as ance) and not covered above will be at a rate of $7 per hour or per day plus all expenses. As of now, all proposals are in a tentative stage, but it is hoped that ing the next year a definite program will be set up and approved. At this it looks as though the .NYFOA may be requested to participate heavily formulation and operation of this much-needed program.
densest part of the Palmer in 1949. Note small maple
TREE FARMING in 1946 we realized that the closing in on us with increas. So we started looking afor breathing space for us and place where our 12-year old our Airedale would have room After much searching we up by moving into an 125 year ouse in the town of Pompey, Co. , and only 20 miles from e. is where our story begins. We ~ run-down house, 40 acres of woods, some pasture, and the :.nworn-out crop land, a total of' es. In1947 we became cooperunder the Forest Practice Act. was no reproduction taking in the woodlot as the cattle from sture were free to graze there. the first things we did was tu
fence the woods to prevent further damage. The U. S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service made a Land Use Capability Map for us and the District Forester marked some trees that should come out. Since our funds were limited our first cutting consisted of a few trees in a small area. That was done by two Forestry College seniors. They sold most of the wood in the form of cord wood but they did get a few logs to sell as timber. for which they received about $50.00. We had trees marked several times by the FPA foresters and made four light thinnings over a period of 20years. Usually we hired one of our farmer neighbors to cut the trees and gave away as much as we could in the form of firewood. However we had great assistance from the Boy Scouts. Our woods and upper pasture (elevation 1650 ft. above sea level) were usedfor six years as a camporee site for about 600 boys and their leaders. They were permitted to cut any marked tree and seemed to enjoy it. You could always find well-seasoned fire-
We received four bids for the 33, 500boardfeet (Doyle log rule) between $1350 and $1760. Many timber cutting operations that we have seen have been disastrous aesthetically. So the three top bidders were interrogated as to how minimum damage might be accomplished. Maynard Spencer of Gutchess Lumber Co. Cortland, was the only one that had constructive suggestions for timber harvesting in line with our wishes. His company was awarded the contractanddida commendable job. Incidentally, Maynard was one of the two Forestry College seniors who did the first cutting. Future light improvement cuttings will be merchantable at continuously increasing volume and price. From' now on the trees should be handled as a crop on a tree farm. And each cutting will leave the woods more valuable and beautiful. --by Emiel & Luella Palmer
Many of these "sticks" will end up as ground pulpwood. The larger, straighter ones will be ground on the outside and sawed in the inside.
There goes the last log! The remaining trees will now grow much faster.
wood in the woodlot after that. We became Certified Tree Farm # 154 in 1960. By that time it was apparent that the woods were improving and reproducing. We never got around to putting up the Tree Farm sign but we continued our woodlot improvement. This year Dick Garrett, FPA Forester from the Cortland office, approached us with the suggestion that it was time to make another light thinning. We agreed and requested that he mark the necessary trees to come out. The ones he marked were either the poorest trees or those that were taking too much sunlight from their neighbors. He returned from the woods with a tally sheet and the statement that this thinning was merchantable.
BLUE RIBBON HARDWOODSis the subject ofthree bulletins just released by Michigan State University. The material covered includes the planting and management of hardwood timber and a description of the more valuable hardwood trees. For the hardwood timber land owner the booklets should be a must. If mte r e sted, write to the Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, and request copies of Extension Bulletins Nos. E620, E62l, and E622. Two additional bulletins on Blue RibbonHardwoods are presently in the works. (Source: Marketing Bulletin Feb. 15, 1969)
A POTENTIAL KILLER The Forest Owner has received several requests for more information on the Saddled Prominent, a little work that was responsible for eating the leaves from some 750,000 acres of maple and beech forests last year. This insect, called Heterocampa guttivitta be entomologists, is a native of the region. For some unknown reas on it sporadically builds up to epidemic proportions. This is what happened in 1968 and may get worse in 1969. Its favorite foods are the leaves of the sugar maple and beech. It spends the winter in a cocoon under the surface of the forest floor and hatches into a non-descript looking moth in late Mayor early June. The female lays from 300 to 600 eggs, usually one at a time, on the upper surface of the topmost leaves of maple and beech. These eggs hatch in about ten days into small worms of various colors. When these mature they develop a saddle like pattern on their backs. Hence the name, Saddled Prominent. They are voracious feeders for ten days or more, and if present in any numbers, will eat all the leaves from the tree. When they are fully grown they go downtothe ground and burrow into the leaf litter. Ther e they make a brown shiny cocoon, about 3/4" long, in which they spend the winter. When the leaves on a maple tree are mature, the buds that will form next year's leaves are already present, fully developed. If something happens to this year's leaves, such as being eaten, these buds will unfold into next year's leaves, ten months before they are supposed to. There may not be enough time left for this second crop of leaves to get their full growth or for the- next set of buds to form. Then the tree will suffer. It may not have been able to make enough foodfor this year and if it has no buds, cannot hope to have leaves to get it through the next growing season. Trees are no different from other living things. If they have no food they die. At this time no one is sure what the effect of the 1968 defoliation will be. Mortality could be high or the tree may have just suffered the loss of a year's growth. The tree mayhave been weakened so it will fall prey to a host of lesser pests. Insects with colorful name s like the Red Humped Oak Worm or the Green Striped Maple Worm. These would not hurt a healthy tree but to a weakened one may present a serious problem.
This insect can be controlled by the use of a spray chemical called Sevin. This, unlike DDT, does not, damage other insects, birds or fish (with the exception of bees, to which it is deadly). It disintegrates rapidly and has no long 'lasting effects in the soil. The problem is how to get the chemical to where the worms are feeding. They are on the upper surface of the upper leaves, which makes them relatively immune to ground spraying. Spraying from an airplane is very effective, but it is not economical for small areas andis expensive for large ones. It costs about $3 an acre. And the weather has to be right to do it. What can you do? At this time we are not sure. If you noticed places in your woods last summer where the leaves on the beech and maple were eaten you should be concerned. Call the District office of the New York State Conservation Department and tell their Pest Control men about what you saw. When the snow is gone they can check the leaf litter to see if many of the cocoons are present. If there
'is 'evidence of a large infestation you may want to make arrangements for aerial spraying on your own. The Department could advise you on this. The Sta te ha s no plans at present for any large scale spraying of privately owned forest land, other than working sugar bushes. No one knows whether the problem will be worse in 1969 that it was ,in 1968 or whether it will disappear, hopefully, the latter. If you see evidence of severe defoliation this summer it is too late to do anything about it this year. But be sure the Conservation Department knows where it is. If the intensity of the infestation does not decrease this summer, it may well be that plans for alarge-scale spray program will have to be made for 1970. This is something that as a forest land owner you will have to keep track of yourself. There is not enough personnel in the various state agencies to keep that close a watch over the several million acres of forest land in the State. - - by John Stock i
MANAGING THE HARDWOOD TIMBER TYPE by Kenneth F. Lancaster, U. S. Forest Service, Northeastern Area Part III of 3 Parts' Managing Hardwood Timber Types Up to this point we have discussed one phase of timber management--controlling the density of an existing stand for maximum growth. Another concern of a land manager is regeneration. When a stand is mature and ready for harvest, the forester has to make a choice as to what management system will guarantee the perpetuation of the stand; what system will provide the regeneration of the desired species. There are several to choose from, but for the purpose of this discussion we will discuss two systems only--the selection and clearcutting systems. In managirig beech and maple stands, or stands with a preponderance of these species, for example, the selection system is used. Under the selection system the whole stand is never removed or cleared off completely. At frequent intervals, 10 - 15 years, mature trees are harvested and young trees are thinned to a stocking level to insure rapid growth. In the .openings created by the removal of the larger trees, seedlings become established and replace the trees removed. Thus, under this system we have the desired results, maximum growth, replacement of large trees by seedlings and sustained yield is attained. The selection system is a good system and works well on private land. It is like having your cake and eating it too. Aesthetically it is the preferred method because of the slight disturbance created by logging. As for the wildlife resource, less than optimum habitat conditions are created enabling the forest to support less than maximum number of animals. The system does have limitations, however. It is confined to those species that respond and grow under shaded conditions or are shade tolerant. It is because beech and maple are shade tolerant that the selection system is used for these species. When dealing with the birches and oaks and other species which require almost full sunlight to grow into sawtimber trees the selection system will not work and a form of clearcutting has to be used to perpetuate these species. Under the clear cutting system, technically speaking, all trees 2" and larger are cut from an area to be classified as a clear cut. Clearcutting is erroneously applied to any type of cut which removes the merchantable material. If a substantial number of trees are left because they are small, poor qual(continued on next page)
POLLUTION AND THE LANDOWNER Pollution has recently become a national phobia as well as a national pastime. We have air pollution, sound pollution, sight pollution, water pollution, and so on and on. Our forests, soon after the leaves come out in the spring, often shed a fuzzy material into the air that is sometimes irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. The pollen from certain trees descends in clouds at certain times ofthe year. This pollen often affects the eyes and respiratory systems of some people and stimulates the allergies of others. The public is very conscious of the beautiful scenery provided by healthy growing things. To these people the slash from timber harvesting is sight pollution. Any unsightly insect infestation' hurricane damage, or disease manifestation is sight pollution. The soil eroded from logging or construction operations washes into the waterways and falls into the cat-
egory of water pollution. The burning of leaves, 'brush, and slash is now illegal air pollution. Permits are r equi r ed Eor the disturbance of the banks or bed of a waterway, even on your own land. This is a public effort to keep down the pollution of our headwater streams and ponds. While we cannot do much about the pollens and particles given off by plants as a part of their life proces ses, we canmake a conscious effort to reduce the public impace of many polluters of our natural resources. We can make an effort to pas s on the water that we receive on our lands in as good or better condition of cleanliness and purity as we received it. We can maintain bands of forest cover between our heavily fertilized or disinfected agricultural lands to reduce the runoff of these dangerous pollutants into our waterways. We can dress up our harvesting oper ations as a matter of "good hous ekeeping. " This is going to be demanded of us eventually, so we might as well get used to the idea. It may cost
ity, inferior species, etc., such cuts are crude selections or commercial clearcuts and the results of such practices can only mean low volume and quality production. To be successful in the re-establishment of the desired species and maximum growth, the clearcut must be applied so that all trees 2" or over are removed whether merchantable or not. The success of the clear cutting system is in direct proportion to the completeness of the clearcut. In use of the clear cutting system trees of the same age are in groups, patches, blocks or strips and are managed on this basis (mature trees are removed only from those blocks, patches, etc.). In contrast, under the selection system trees of all ages are present on each acre, from seedlings to mature trees. In management, mature trees are cut from every acre at each cutting cycle of 10 or 15 years. Clearcut areas need not be large, expansive areas. They can be a fraction of anacre, I or 2 acres, or 40 acres or more. The choice of size is dependent upon many factors such as landowners objectives, species being managed or other resource considerations such as wildlife. Whatever the size the results are the same if applied properly, the shade intolerant species are allowed to grow into sawtimber. In summary, timber management not only provides a profit to those willing to invest in this venture but it is es sential if the Nation's needs are to be met for this resource. Also. only under timber management can we expect to meet the demand for otber resources of the forest, recreation, wildlife and water. Inmanagingtimber for maximum timber production it is essential that the proper stocking level be maintained throughout the life of the stand. Another concern of the land manager is regeneration, or perpetuation of the desired species which can be controlled by the management system. The choice of the management system--clearcutting or selection--is dependent upon species being managed and other considerations. The selection system is suitedfor shade tolerant species such as maple and beech, and will not work in regenerating the birches and oaks and other intolerant species. Whichever system is applied it must be done soon a planned bas is and must be designed to guarantee the perpetuation of the stand of the preferred species and the benefits of other resources - -recreation, wildlife, water - - accrue to the landowner and ultimately to the public. A managed forest is a working forest that can serve us well and deserves the best care and protection we can provide.
a little more but everybody will be happier a little longer. We must find ways to utilize the waste products of our properties that formerly were burned. These products include leaves, weeds, brush, and harvest slash. The air pollution people are on a legal binge to prevent the introduction of any smoke into the atmosphere. The enforcement of this kind of regulation is becoming oppressive and will get worse as time goes on. One of the better methods of handling this kind of material is by chipping, mulching, or shredding. Machines to do this kind of processing are now on the market. Some of the products of this kind of operation are animal bedding, soil conditioners, compost, mulches, and packing material. It is good housekeeping to locate dumps and other accumulations of unsightly material away from public view and isolated from waterways. The practice of filling swamp land with refuse and debris does not improve the quality of the water. It is becoming more and more important to recognize the impact of our management and housekeeping policies upon our neighbors and the public. The more, of these people that have their critical eye on us, the more careful and considerate we must be. It is too easy these days to get a law "in the public interest. " We then have a choice of adjustment or violation. -- by David H. Hanaburgh PAPER INDUSTRY ADDSPRODUCTS What's New? Lots of things and according to "The New York Times," many of them are made of paper. Some recent dev el oprne nt s : Lightweight, heat-resistant paper is used in space capsules to protect the craft from intensive heat during re-entry. ,,~Paper furniture is made of plasticcoatedsolidfiber. It's advertised for children, but it supports up to 200 pounds. '~Paper pie plates are made of two layers of paper fused together. The plates withstand temperatures up to 550 degrees F.
*
Paper with a special honeycomb structure provides a high strengthto-weight ratio, and is used in rocket gantries, aircraft, insulation, and packaging of delicate material. Other possible future uses of paper are listed in thermal sound insulation, pollution control materials, and waste disposal systems. from "The New York Times," Sunday, January 5, 1969. ~,<
NEWS OF US New members in February were: Mr. & Mr s , Morris T. Kwit (Ulster) - West Shokan Arthur B. Conner (Delaware) - Walton Paul C. Sargent, Sr. (Oneida) - Syracuse Mr. & Mrs. Edgar W. Keal (Rensselaer) - Union, New Jersey Since I have nonew activities of members I am going to tell you about some of mine. Periodic trips to the hospital for blood transfusions has become a way of life for me. To all donors, my gratitude and thanks. "By now you have received your ballots and, hopefully, returned them. You probably noticed that the name of Michael Klysa was printed differently than the others. When the ballots were printed his name was inadvertently omitted. We had a rubber stamp made and Ipersonally stamped his name on 1500 ballots. That is just part of the game! Mrs. Luella B. Palmer Membership Secretary Mrs. Dorothy Wertheimer writes "that she has sent copies of this letter to Governor Rockefeller, Senator Goodell, Congressmen Robison and Straton, and State Senators Brydges and Duryea.
MORE NEWS-JohnSmigel Jr. has acres of woodland improvement, John Smigel Sr. has completed acres in the fall of 1968. This was thinning operation in a stand of white pine, hard maple, hemlock, ash. The trees were marked by J Sene,cabau, state forester, from skill with the appr oval of the Al County A. S. C.S. committee. The Smigels have completed 200 acres thinning, culling, and tr ming, up to 17 feet. from John Smigel Preston Hollow, New York
Mrs. Wertheimer, and many other citizens in the Cayuga Lake area, are concerned about possible pollution resulting from the proposed atomic power plant there.
A new book on the market, maybe in your library soon: "Going Camping, A C Guide for the Uncertain Beginner Family Camping." Written by Schwartz, published by" Mac My dear Mr. Rockefeller, Co., 866" Third Avenue, May I enlist your aid in guaranteeing that the proposed atomic power plant City, 10022. There are now being built on Cayuga Lake shall, in no way, cause water pollution. Our and if you want to buy your modern technology must certainly be able to provide the means of preventing it costs $5. 95. either thermal or radioactive pollution in this great body of water. As indiFROM THE EDITOR'S CORNER viduals, there is little we who are concerned can do except to make a sincere appeal for assistance from those who represent us in the various departments moment is a snowy ohe. Is of government. else anxious for spring to corne? I live part of the year directly across Cayuga Lake from both the Millikan Thank you to all contributors to Station and the site of the Bell Station. Naturally, my concern is very acute, And for some of but no more so than it would be at the idea of possible pollution of any of our month's issue. beautiful New York State waters. Our five grandchildren already know the joy who couldn't be fit into this lay ofthe fresh, clear lake water. I should hate to think that this might not be the watch for the next time! We'll emphasize here again-case in their future years. As a member of the New York Forest Owners Association and several other for get the meeting April 12! You conservation organizations, my interest in all the natural resources of our received news of the meeting an Empire State is deeply founded. I sincerely hope that our state and national reservationform to send in. We legislators maintain as keen an interest and will take all reas onable actions you did. Even if it weren't for toprevent dissipation of the great resources with which our state has been so chicken for lunch (Mrs. Palmer to emphas i ze that!), the day bountifully endowed. still be well worth your time. Respectfully yours, Mrs. Albert Wertheimer to see you all there. --ncg
President: John W. Stock Tupper Lake, N. Y. 12986 Editor: Nancy Clarke Gridley 1021 Westcott St. Syracuse, N.Y. 13210 Treasurer-Membership Mrs. Luella B. Palmer 157 Ballantyne Rd. Syracuse, N.Y. 13205
Secretary
MAY 2 '.
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