Npc summary noun by Nymphaea candida

Masc. nouns ending in –a. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing.

Masc. nouns ending in –ī.

Plural ā

aŋ

ena

e{b}hi

assa āya amhā asmā ā assa

ānaŋ

amhi asmiŋ e a ā

esu

e{b}hi ānaŋ

Masc. nouns ending in –i. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing. i iŋ inā issa ino imhā ismā inā issa ino imhi ismiŋ i

Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing. ī iŋ inaŋ inā issa ino imhā ismā inā issa ino imhi ismiŋ ini ī

Plural ī ino ī ino ī{b}hi īnaŋ ī{b}hi īnaŋ īsu ī ino

Masc. nouns ending in –ī. sāmī = lord mālī = one who mantī = minister has a garland, seṭṭhī = rich man the garlanded millionaire (person) balī = powerful sārathī = (person) charioteer, gaṇī = one who chauffeur has a following, kuṭṭhī = leper a leader pāpakārī = evildīghajīvī = doer, sinner possessor of a long live, long- pakkhī = bird liver hatthī = elephant bhāgī = sharer dāṭhī = tusker sukhī = receiver bhogī = snake of comfort, karī = elephant happy one sikhī = peacock chattī = umbrella holder sasī = moon

Masc. nouns ending in –a. buddha = Awake One dhamma = Doctrine saṅgha = Community nara = man purisa = man manussa = human being dāsa = slave bhūpāla = king kassaka = farmer lekhaka = clerk kumāra = boy vāṇija = merchant cora = thief putta = son mitta = friend deva = god; deity kāya = body hattha = hand pāda = leg; foot vānara = monkey sīha = lion miga = deer; beast assa = horse goṇa = ox

sunakha = dog varāha = pig sakuṇa = bird aja = goat kāka = crow mayūra = peacock rukkha = tree ākāsa = sky suriya = sun loka = world canda = moon dīpa = island; lamp gāma = village vihāra = monastery magga = path āhāra = food odana = (cooked) rice āloka = light mañca = bed kodha = anger pāsāṇa = rock; stone guḹapāsāṇa = pebble (ball rock) geha = house [also N]

Masc. nouns ending in –u. Plural ī ayo ī ayo ī{b}hi īnaŋ ī{b}hi īnaŋ īsu ī ayo

Sing. u uŋ unā ussa uno umhā usmā unā ussa uno umhi usmiŋ u

Plural ū avo ū avo ū{b}hi ūnaŋ ū{b}hi

Masc. nouns ending in –i. Masc. nouns ending in –u.

garu = teacher bhikkhu = monk bandhu = relation susu = young one sattu = enemy

ūnaŋ ūsu ū avo

bāhu = arm pasu = beast ākhu = rat

taru = tree ucchu = sugarcane veḷu = bamboo sindhu = sea kaṭacchu = spoon setu = bridge ketu = banner pharasu = axe

muni = monk kavi = poet isi = sage; hermit pati = husband; master bhūpati = king adhipati = lord; leader gahapati = householder atithi = guest ari = enemy pāṇi = hand kucchi = belly [also F] muṭṭhi = fist, hammer

kapi = monkey ahi = snake dīpi = leopard bodhi = Bo-tree, Enlightenment vīhi = paddy udadhi = ocean ravi = sun giri = mountain nidhi = hidden treasure maṇi = gem asi = sword yaṭṭhi = stick vyādhi = sickness aggi = fire rāsi = heap

*Masc. nouns: bhātu (brother) Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing. ā

Plural aro

araŋ

are aro ū{b}hi are{b}hi

arā ussa u(no) arā ussa u(no) ari a ā

ūnaŋ (ar)ānaŋ ū{b}hi are{b}hi ūnaŋ (ar)ānaŋ ūsu aresu aro

*Masc. nouns/adj ending in –u. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

*Masc. nouns ending in –u. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing. ā

Plural āro

āraŋ

āre āro āre{b}hi

ārā

ussa u(no) ārā

(ār)ānaŋ

ussa u(no) ari

(ār)ānaŋ

a ā

āro

āre{b}hi

āresu

Sing.

Plural

(-ant) vā

vantā vanto

vantaŋ

vante

vantena (-n) vatā

vante{b}hi

vantassa (-n) vato vantamhā vantasmā (-n) vatā vantassa (-n) vato vantamhi vantasmiŋ vante (-n) vati (-ant) va (-ant) vā (-ant) vaŋ

vantānaŋ (-n) vataŋ vante{b}hi vantānaŋ (-n) vataŋ vantesu

vantā vanto

*Masc. nouns ending in –ū. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing. ū uŋ unā

Plural ū uno ū uno ū{b}hi

ussa uno umhā usmā unā ussa uno umhi usmiŋ

ūnaŋ

ū uno

ū{b}hi ūnaŋ ūsu

Masc. nouns ending in –a +vantu and -u or –i +mantu. bhagavantu = himavantu = the the Exalted Himalaya, One, fortunate possessor of ice paññavantu = sīlavantu = wise virtuous, guṇavantu = observant of virtuous precepts dhanavantu = rich cakkhumantu = balavantu = possessor of powerful eyes yasavantu = bhānumantu = famous, sun celebrity bandhumantu = puññavantu = with many fortunate relations kulavantu = of buddhimantu = high caste intelligent phalavantu = satimantu = fruitful mindful

Masc. nouns ending in –u. Only these three words follow this pattern:

Masc. nouns ending in –ū.

Masc. nouns ending in –u. Many of the words declined like this are made from the verb root plus – tu.

vidū = wise man, knower viññū = wise man sabbaññū = the omniscient one atthaññū = knower of the meaning pabhū = overlord

vadaññū = charitable person mattaññū = temperate, one who knows the measure

pitu = father bhātu = brother

jāmātu = son-in-law

Suffix "to" is sometimes added to the nominal bases to denote the Ablative of separation. There is no distinction between the sing. and plural in that form. These are included in the indeclinables: rukkhato = from the tree or trees gāmato = from the village or villages purisato = from the man or men tato = from there, (therefore) kuto = from where? sabbato = from everywhere

satthu = adviser, teacher viññātu = knower vinetu = instructor nattu = grandson bhattu = husband

netu = leader jetu = victor, winner vattu = sayer sotu = hearer dātu = giver kattu = doer, maker gantu = goer

Fem. nouns ending in –ā. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing. ā

Fem. nouns ending in -ī.

āya

Plural ā āyo ā āyo ā{b}hi

āya

ānaŋ

āya

ā{b}hi

āya

ānaŋ

āya āyaŋ a

āsu

aŋ

ā āyo

Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing. i iŋ iyā yā

Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative

Sing. ī

Plural

iyā

ī iyo ī iyo ī{b}hi

iyā

īnaŋ

iyā

ī{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

iyā

īnaŋ

iyā iyaŋ

īsu

Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

ī iyo

iŋ

Fem. nouns ending in –ī. devī = queen, sīhī = lioness goddess migī = doe rājinī = queen (female deer) itthī = woman sakuṇī = bird nārī = woman (female) sakhī = woman- kākī = she-crow friend gāvī = cow brāhmaṇī = kukkuṭī = hen brahman hatthinī = shewoman elephant taruṇī = young nadī = river woman vāpī = tank kumārī = girl, pokkharaṇī = damsel pond bhaginī = sister kadalī = plantain mātulānī = aunt mahī = earth, the dāsī = slave river of that woman name

Fem. nouns ending in –ā.

Fem. nouns ending in –u.

Fem. nouns ending in –i. mati = wisdom yaṭṭhi = yuvati = maiden (walking) patti = infantry stick sati = memory nāḹi = cornaṅguli = finger measure khanti = dundubhi = patience drum kitti = fame bhūmi = earth, aṭavi = forest ground or doṇi = boat floor vuddhi = asani = thunderincrease, clap, progress, lightning-bolt prosperity vuṭṭhi = rain ratti = night dhūli = dust

devatā = deity ammā = mother bhariyā = wife vanitā = woman kaññā = girl dārikā = girl sabhā = society parisā = following, retinue senā = army, multitude gīvā = neck jivhā = tongue nāsā = nose jaṅghā = calf of the leg shank laṅkā = Sri Lanka vaḹavā = mare godhā = iguana soṇḍā = elephant’s trunk daṭṭhā = tusk latā = creeper sākhā = branch gaṅgā = river nāvā = ship

sālā = hall guhā = cave vasudhā = earth mañjūsā = box dolā = palanquin pabhā = radiance, light chāyā = shadow, shade disā = direction paññā = wisdom niddā = sleep surā = liquor intoxicant khudā = hunger pipāsā= thirst vācā = word kathā = speech visikhā = street, road vālukā = sand silā = stone sakkharā = gravel, pebbles, sugar tulā = scale, balance mālā = garland pūjā = offering

Fem. nouns ending in -u.

Fem. nouns ending in -i. Case

Case

Plural i iyo i iyo ī{b}hi

Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative

iyā

īnaŋ

iyā yā iyā

ī{b}hi

iyā iyaŋ i

īsu

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

i iyo

Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

īnaŋ

Sing. u

uyā

Plural ū uyo ū uyo ū{b}hi

uyā

ūnaŋ

uyā

ū{b}hi

uyā

ūnaŋ

uyā uyaŋ

ūsu

ū uyo

uŋ

sassu = motherin-law dhenu = cow (of any kind) kaṇeru = sheelephant yāgu = rice gruel

daddu = eczema kacchu = itch dhātu = element kāsu = pit vijju = lightning rajju = rope

*Fem. nouns: mātu. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Neut. nouns ending in -i.

Sing. ā

Plural aro

araŋ

are aro ū{b}hi are{b}hi

uyā arā uyā uyā arā uyā ari a ā e

ūnaŋ (ar)ānaŋ ū{b}hi are{b}hi ūnaŋ (ar)ānaŋ ūsu aresu aro

Case

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative,

Sing. aŋ aŋ ena

Neut. nouns ending in -a. Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative

Case

Plural āni ā ā āni e{b}hi

assa āya amhā asmā ā assa

ānaŋ

amhi asmiŋ e a ā

esu

e{b}hi ānaŋ

āni

Sing. i iŋ inā issa ino imhā ismā inā issa ino imhi ismiŋ ini i

Neut. nouns ending in –i. Plural ī īni ī īni ī{b}hi

Sing. u uŋ unā

vāri = water sappi = ghee dadhi = curd acci = flame

mātu = mother

dhītu or duhitu = daughter

īnaŋ ī{b}hi īnaŋ īsu isu ī īni

Neut. nouns ending in –u.

Neut. nouns ending in -u. Case

akkhi = eye aṭṭhi = bone, seed satthi = thigh

Fem. nouns ending in –u. Only three words follow this pattern:

Plural ū ūni ū ūni ū{b}hi

ussa uno umhā usmā unā ussa uno umhi usmiŋ

ūnaŋ

ū ūni

ū{b}hi ūnaŋ ūsu

cakkhu = eye vapu = body assu = tear jānu, jaṇṇu = knee madhu = honey ambu = water āyu = age vasu = wealth

tipu = lead, tin vatthu = ground, base dhanu = bow dāru = firewood jatu = sealing wax

Neut. nouns ending in –a. citta = mind hadaya = heart nayana = eye locana = eye sota = ear ghāna = nose vadana = face, mouth udaka = water jala = water aṇḍa = egg khīra = milk sīla = virtue amata = ambrosia kāraṇa = reason ñāṇa = wisdom dhana = wealth dāna = charity, alms puñña = merit, good action pāpa = sin, bad action maraṇa = death arañña = jungle vana = forest puppha = flower phala = fruit

paduma = lotus paṇṇa = leaf tiṇa = grass pulina = sand kula = family, caste kūla = bank (of a river, etc.) nagara = city sopāṇa = stair chatta = umbrella vattha = cloth pīṭha = chair cetiya = shrine susāna = cemetery āyudha = weapon sukha = comfort dukkha = trouble, pain mūla = root, money suvaṇṇa = gold bala = power, strength alāta = firebrand rūpa = form, image geha = house [also M]

Fem. nouns ending in –ū. Case Paṭhamā, Nominative, Subject Dutiyā, Accusative, Object Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, Dative, to or for Pañcamī, Ablative, from Caṭṭhī, Genitive, of Sattamī, Locative, in, at, on Ālapana, Vocative, Oh…!

Sing. ū uŋ

Plural ū uyo

uyā

ū uyo ū{b}hi

uyā

ūnaŋ

uyā

ū{b}hi

uyā

ūnaŋ

uyā uyaŋ ū

ūsu ū uyo

Fem. nouns ending in -ū. Only one noun like this: vadhū = daughter-in-law

Declension of relative pronoun ya (which, who) and eka (1). Masc. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative

Sing. y-o

Plural

Declension of relative pronoun yaŋ (which, who) and ekaŋ (1). Neut. Case

y-e

Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative

Sing.

Plural

y-aŋ

y-āni y-e

y-aŋ

y-e y-āni

Dutiyā, Object Accusative

y-aŋ

y-e

Dutiyā, Object Accusative

Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through

y-ena

y-e{b}hi

Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through

y-ena

y-e{b}hi

Catutthī, to or for Dative

y-assa

y-es(ān)aŋ

Catutthī, to or for Dative

y-assa

y-es(ān)aŋ

Pañcamī, from Ablative

y-amhā y-asmā

y-e{b}hi

Pañcamī, from Ablative

y-amhā y-asmā

y-e{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

y-assa

y-es(ān)aŋ

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

y-assa

y-es(ān)aŋ

Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

y-amhi y-asmiŋ

y-esu

Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

y-amhi y-asmiŋ

y-esu

Declension of relative pronoun yā (which, who) and ekā (1). Fem. Case

Sing.

Plural

Paṭhamā, Subject y-ā Nominative

y-ā(yo)

Dutiyā, Object Accusative

y-ā(yo)

y-aŋ

Declension of relative pronoun ya (which, who), similarly declined: sabba = all ubhaya = both pubba = former, eastern apara = other, western itara = the other para = other, the latter añña = other, another aññatara = certain katara = which (of the two) katama = which (of the many) ka (kiŋ) = who, which

Declension of demonstrative pronoun ta (that). Masc. Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative Dutiyā, Object Accusative Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through Catutthī, to or for Dative Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

Sing.

Plural

taŋ naŋ

te ne

tena

te{b}hi

tassa

tes(ān)aŋ

tamhā tasmā

te{b}hi

tassa

tes(ān)aŋ

tamhi tasmiŋ

tesu

Declension of demonstrative pronoun tā (that). Fem. Case

Sing.

Plural

Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative

sā

tā(yo)

Dutiyā, Object Accusative

taŋ naŋ

tā(yo)

Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through

tāya

tā{b}hi

Catutthī, to or for Dative

tassā tāyo

tās(ān)aŋ

Tatiyā, Instrumental, y-āya by, with, through

y-ā{b}hi

Catutthī, to or for y-assā Dative y-āya

y-ās(ān)āŋ

Pañcamī, from Ablative

y-āya

y-ā{b}hi

Pañcamī, from Ablative

tāya

tā{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

y-assā y-āya

y-ās(ān)āŋ

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

tassā tāyo

tās(ān)aŋ

Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

tassaŋ tāsu tāyaŋ

Sattamī, in, at, on y-assaŋ y-āsu Locative y-āyaŋ

Dem. pronoun taŋ (that). Neut. Case

Sing.

Plural

Dem. pronoun ima (this). Masc. Case

Sing.

Plural

Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative

taŋ

tāni te

Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative

ayaŋ

ime

Dutiyā, Object Accusative

taŋ

te tāni

Dutiyā, Object Accusative

imaŋ

ime

Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through

tena

te{b}hi

Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through

iminā anena

ime{b}hi e{b}hi

tes(ān)aŋ

Catutthī, to or for imassa Dative assa Pañcamī, from Ablative

imamhā imasmā asmā

ime{b}hi e{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

imassa assa

imes(ān)aŋ es(ān)aŋ

Catutthī, to or for Dative

tassa

Pañcamī, from Ablative

tamhā tasmā

te{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

tassa

tes(ān)aŋ

Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

tamhi tesu tasmiŋ

Dem. pronoun ida (this). Neut. Case

Sing.

Paṭhamā, Subject idaŋ Nominative imaŋ Dutiyā, Object Accusative

idaŋ imaŋ

Plural imāni ime ime imāni

Tatiyā, iminā Instrumental, anena by, with, through

ime{b}hi e{b}hi

Catutthī, to or for imassa Dative assa

imes(ān)aŋ es(ān)aŋ

Pañcamī, from Ablative

imamhā imasmā asmā

ime{b}hi e{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

imassa assa

imes(ān)aŋ es(ān)aŋ

Sattamī, in, at, on imamhi Locative imasmiŋ asmiŋ

imesu esu

Sattamī, in, at, on imamhi Locative imasmiŋ asmiŋ

imes(ān)aŋ es(ān)aŋ

imesu esu

Dem. pronoun imā (this). Fem.

Declension of the Active Present Participle/verbal adj. A. Masc.: Case Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative

Sing. anto aŋ

Plural antā anto

ante antāni

Tatiyā, Instrmnl, by, with, through

ante{b}hi

Tatiyā, Ins., by, with,thr

antena atā

ante{b}hi

Catutthī, to or for antassa Dative ato

at(ān)aŋ

Catutthī, to or for Dative

antassa ato

at(ān)aŋ

Pañcamī, from Ablative

antamhā antasmā atā

ante{b}hi

Pañcamī, from Ablative

antamhā antasmā atā

ante{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

antassa ato

at(ān)aŋ

Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

antassa ato

at(ān)aŋ

Sattamī in, at, on Locative

antamhi antasmiŋ ante ati

antesu

Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

antamhi antasmiŋ antesu ante ati

Ālapana, Vocative, Oh…!

a ā aŋ

antā anto

Ālapana, Oh…! Vocative

a ā aŋ

antena atā

B. Fem.: Case

imā{b}hi

Paṭhamā, Subject Nominative

antī

antī antiyo

Dutiyā, Object. Accusative

antiŋ

antī antiyo

Pañcamī, from Ablative Caṭṭhī, of Genitive

Active Present Participle/verbal adj.

imā{b}hi

imissā(ya) imāya imās(ān)aŋ assā(ya)

Sattamī, in, at, on imissaŋ Locative imāyaŋ assaŋ

imāsu

Sing.

Plural

Tatiyā,by,with,thr antiyā antī{b}hi Catutthī, to or for

imāya

antāni antā

antaŋ

imā(yo)

imissā(ya) imāya imās(ān)aŋ assā(ya)

Paṭhamā, aŋ Subject, Nom Dutiyā, Object. Acc

Dutiyā, Object Accusative

Catutthī, to or for Dative

Plural

ante

imā(yo)

Tatiyā, Instrumental, imāya by, with, through

Sing.

C. Neut.: Case

Dutiyā,Object.Acc. antaŋ

Paṭhamā, Subject ayaŋ Nominative imaŋ

Active Present Participle/verbal adj.

iyā

īnaŋ

Pañcamī,from Abl antiyā antī{b}hi Caṭṭhī, of, Gen

iyā

īnaŋ

Sattamī, in, at, on Locative

iyaŋ iyā

īsu

Ālapana, Vocative, Oh…!

antī

antī antiyo

antā anto

Active Present Participle/verbal adj. gacchanta = going karonta = doing nisīdanta = sitting tiṭṭhanta = standing caranta = walking dhāvanta = running sayanta = sleeping nahāyanta = bathing pacanta = cooking bhuñjanta = eating (soft food)

dadanta = giving ādadanta = taking haranta = taking, carrying away āharanta = carring to, bringing kiṇanta = buying vikkiṇanta = selling viharanta = living, residing rodanta = crying hasanta = laughing passanta = seeing

–a+māna declines like nara, vanitā and nayana.

Ordinary adjectives: -Must agree with their noun substantives in gender, no. and case. -a are declined like: nara (m) and nayana (n). In Fem the -a is lengthened and they are declined like vanitā. -u are declined like: garu (m), dhenu (f) and cakkhu (n). The Fem sometimes add –kā and are declined like vanitā. - Words like mālī (m. one who has a garland), take -inī instead of -ī in forming Fem. stems, e.g. (f) mālinī and are declined like kumārī.

khuddaka = small mahanta = big, huge dīgha = long rassa = short, dwarf ucca = high, tall nīca = low, vulgar majjhima = mid. size, medium āma = unripe pakka = ripe dahara = young mahallaka = elderly, old vitthata = wide, broad uttāna = shallow gambhīra = deep

seta = white nīla = blue ratta = red kāḷa = black pīta = yellow bāla = foolish, young paṇḍita = wise khara = rough, coarse mudu, mudukā = soft bahu, bahukā = many, much appaka = few, a little dubbala = feeble surūpa, dassanīya = beautiful, handsome

Declension of Dvi (= two)

Declension of Catu (= four) Plural (all gend.)

Case Paṭhamā, Nom. Subject Dutiyā, Acc. Object

dve, duve

Tatiyā, Ins. by, with, thr

dvī{b}hi

Catutthī, Dat. to or for

dvinnaŋ, duvinnaŋ

Pañcamī, Abl. from

dvī{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, Gen. of

dvinnaŋ, duvinnaŋ

Sattamī, Loc. in, at, on

dvīsu

Declension of Ti (= three) Case

Paṭhamā, Nom. Subject Dutiyā, Acc. Object

Fem.

Declension of Numeral-Adjectives Plural

Masc.

Fem.

Neut.

Dutiyā, Acc.

cattāro, caturo

catasso

cattāri

Tatiyā, Ins.

catū{b}hi catū{b}hi catū{b}hi

Catutthī, Dat. to for

catunnaŋ

Pañcamī

catū{b}hi catū{b}hi catū{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, Gen. of

catunnaŋ

Paṭhamā

Sattamī, Loc. catusu

catassannaŋ

catunnaŋ

catassannaŋ

catunnaŋ

catusu

Declension of Pañca = 5 (to 18)

Plural Masc.

Case

Neut.

Case

Plural (all gend.)

Paṭhamā, Nom. Subject tayo

tisso

tīni

Tatiyā, Ins. by, tī{b}hi with, through

tī{b}hi tī{b}hi

Catutthī, Dat. to, or for

tinna{nna}ŋ

tissannaŋ

Pañcamī, Abl. from

tī{b}hi

tī{b}hi tī{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, Gen. of

tinntisstinn{ann}aŋ annaŋ {ann}aŋ

Sattamī, Loc. in, at, on

tīsu

tinna{nna}ŋ

tīsu

Dutiyā, Accusative, Object, movement to

pañca

Tatiyā, Instrumental, by, with, through

pañca{b}hi

Catutthī, Dat. to or for

pañcannaŋ

Pañcamī, Abl. From

pañca{b}hi

Caṭṭhī, Genitive, of

pañcannaŋ

Sattamī, Loc. in, at, on

Pañcasu

- The plural forms of 1 are used to express the meaning "some", e.g. eke manussā = some people. - From 19 onwards are sing., but they take the plural form when it is required to show separate quantities, e.g. cattāri satāni = four (quantities) of hundred. - The stems 1, 3 and 4 are of all genders and declined differently in each gender. - The stem 2 and those from 5-18 do not show gender. - The stems from 2-18 have only the plural forms.

- From 19-98 the numbers are Fem. So is koṭi+ – 10,000,000`+. Decl. like bhūmi. - Stems 100, 1000 and the compounds ending with them are Neut. Like nayana. 1 = Eka (= ekaŋ): sing., of all genders, like "ya" 2 = Dvi (= dve): plu., no gender 3 = Ti (= tayo): plu., of all genders individually declined 4 = Catu (= cattāro): plu., of all genders individually declined 5 = Pañca: plu., no gender 6 = Cha: plu., no gender 7 = Satta: plu., no gender 8 = Aṭṭha: plu., no gender 9 = Nava: plu., no gender 10 = Dasa: plu., no gender 11 = Ekādasa: plu., no gender 12 = Dvādasa; bārasa: plu., no gender 13 = Teḷasa; terasa: plu., no gender 14 = Cuddasa; catuddasa: plu., no gender

15 = Paṇṇarasa; pañcadasa: plu., no gender 16 = Soḷasa: plu., no gender 17 = Sattarasa; sattadasa: plu., no gender 18 = Aṭṭhārasa; aṭṭhādasa: plu., no gender 19 = Ekūnavīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 20 = Vīsati; vīsā: sing., fem. like bhūmi; vanitā 21 = Ekavīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 22 = Dvāvīsati; bāvīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 23 = Tevīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 24 = Catuvīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 25 = Pañcavīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 26 = Chabbīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 27 = Sattavīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 28 = Aṭṭhavīsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi

62 = Dvesaṭṭhi; dvāsaṭṭhi; dvisaṭṭhi: sing., fem. like bhūmi 69 = Ekūnasattati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 70 = Sattati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 79 = Ekūnāsīti: sing., fem. like bhūmi 80 = Asīti: sing., fem. like bhūmi 82 = Dveasīti; dvāsīti; dviyāsīti: sing., fem. like bhūmi 83 = Teasīti; tiyāsīti: sing., fem. like bhūmi 84 = Caturāsīti: sing., fem. like bhūmi 89 = Ekūnanavuti: sing., fem. like bhūmi 90 = Navuti: sing., fem. like bhūmi 92 = Dvenavuti; dvānavuti; dvinavuti: sing., fem. like bhūmi

Ordinal numbers are treated as adjectives: 2 & 3 end in –tiya 4 ends in –ttha 6 ends in -ṭṭha The rest end in –ma. In the masculine they are like nara. In the feminine their last vowel is changed into ā or ī and are declined like vanitā and kumārī respectively. In the neuter they are like nayana.

29 = Ekūnatiŋsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 30 = Tiŋsati; tiŋsā: sing., fem. like bhūmi; vanitā 31 = Ekātiŋsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 32 = Dvattiŋsati; battiŋsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 33 = Tettiŋsati: sing., fem. like bhūmi 39 = Ekūnacattāḷīsā: sing., fem. like vanitā 40 = Cattāḷīsati; cattāḷīsā: sing., fem. like bhūmi; vanitā 49 = Ekuṇapaññāsā: sing., fem. like vanitā 50 = Paññāsā; paṇṇāsā; paññāsati; paṇṇāsati : sing., fem. like bhūmi; vanitā 59 = Ekūnasaṭṭhi: sing., fem. like bhūmi 60 = Saṭṭhi: sing., fem. like bhūmi

99 = Ekūnasataŋ: sing., neut. like nayana 100 = Sataŋ: sing., neut. like nayana 1000 = Sahassaŋ: sing., neut. like nayana 10,000 = Dassahassaŋ: sing., neut. like nayana 100,000 = Satasahassaŋ; lakkhaŋ: sing., neut. like nayana 1,000,000 = Dasalakkhaŋ: sing., neut. like nayana 10,000,000 = Koṭi: sing., fem. like bhūmi. 100,000,000 = Dasakoṭi: sing., fem. like bhūmi. 1,000,000,000 = Satakoṭi: sing., fem. like bhūmi.

Paṭhama = first Dutiya = second Tatiya = third Catuttha = fourth Pañcama = fifth Chaṭṭha = sixth Sattama = seventh Aṭṭhama = eighth Navama = ninth Dasama = tenth Ekādasama = Eleventh Dvādasama = twelfth Terasama = thirteenth

"The first among/in/of the eight men" and such other phrases should be translated with the Locative or Genitive forms, as: (1) Aṭṭhasu purisesu paṭhamo, or (2) Aṭṭhannaŋ purisānaŋ paṭhamo.

Cuddasama = fourteenth Vīsatima = twenieth Tiŋsatima = thirtieth Cattāḷīsatima = fortieth Paṇṇāsatima = fiftieth Saṭṭhima = sixtieth Sattatima = seventieth Asītima = eightieth Navutima = ninetieth Satama = hundredth