Ill. 1.1
Front page
TITLE PAGE Title: The Process of Urbanlandscaping Paper submission date: November 19th 2014 Project period: October 1st - December 1st 2014 Supervisor: Simon Wind Project report Edition: xx Number of pages: xx Appendices pages: xx Semester thesis Fall 2014 MSc01 - URB Urban Design Institute of Architecture & Design Aalborg University
Group members:
Andrea Dynnes Holmbo
Oana-Maria Paraschiv
LĂŚrke Essemann Jensen
Lars Danielsson
4
Cosmin-Stefan Pislariu
ABSTRACT
This project proposes a different approach to urban landscaping, one that is not solely based on the traditional master planning process, but more focused towards the idea of landscaping and urbanism as a flowing process, that occurs over a certain period of time and does not just emerge out of nothingness. As such, the entire design is based on the idea that time is the main parameter that we must incorporate. Resulting from this is the division of the master planning process into three stages. These stages work in such a way that, even taken separately, can still work as a single project, although the idea is that, once put in succession, they create a development over time that ensures the needs of the area are met for each stage. To help organize and structure these stages, a grouping of parameters has been done, thus selecting four main layers to help shape our design: the connections, the water system, the nature system and the built environment. Ill. 1.2
Site photo - lake
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CONTENT
PRESENTATION METHODOLOGY
10
OPENING
12
HISTORY OF THE SITE
15
CONCEPT LAYERS
46 48 - 51
STAGE 1
ANALYSES KEVIN LYNCH
18 - 19
LANDMARKS
20 - 21
PLAN
54
WATER ANALYSIS
22 - 23
HEADLINES
55
FLOOD ANALYSIS
24 - 25
SECTION
55
EXTERNAL CHARACTERS
26 - 27
DETAIL - FLEXIBLE RAILWAY CARS
56
SITE CHARACTERS
28 - 29
DETAIL - RENDERING
57
ANALYSIS CONCLUSION
31
THEORY
34 - 37
CASE - SLA FREDERICIA
38 - 39
INSPIRATION DIAGRAM
40 - 41
VISION
43
NEW IMAGE
DETAIL - VEGETATION
58 - 61
STAGE 2 INTERNAL CONNECTIONS
62 - 63
PLAN
64
HEADLINES
65
SECTION
65
DETAIL - TECHNICAL WATER DETAIL 8
52 - 53
66 - 67
STAGE 3 EXPANSION PLAN
ENDING 68 - 69 70
HEADLINES
71
SECTION
71
DETAIL - TYPOLOGIES
72 - 73
DETAIL - MATERIALS
74 - 75
DETAIL - SITE PLAN
76
DETAIL - FLOODING PLAN
77
CONCLUSION
88
DISCUSSION
89
LITERATURE LIST
88 - 89
ILLUSTRATION LIST
90 - 91
APPENDIX
STAGE 4 FUTURE PLAN HEADLINES
78 - 79 80 81
STAGE DIAGRAM
82 - 83
REFLECTION ON FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
84 - 85 9
METHODOLOGY
Through the project we have used different methods in terms of getting to the final outcome of our design. This section will get in to the use of each method and their advantages and disadvantages. Problem Based Learning The Problem Based Learning is about the students ability to gather knowledge for the specific project. The project becomes, thereby, solution-oriented and the synergy between theory and practical becomes clear. The project is created by a formulation of a problem, which in our case is the vision. After the development of the vision, knowledge and different theories is gathered in term of solving the problem. By approaching the project in the Problem Based Learning method, the project gets an interdisciplinary profile and uses a variation of different methods. (AAU, 2010) TU Delft Workshop The project took its beginning from a workshop, where students from the TU Delft participated and together with the Aalborg University students cooperated on developing minor areas with in the site. 10
From a methodological point of view, the TU Delft Workshop represented an interesting case in the sense that, while inside our site, the given area for the workshop was much smaller, and so the scale of the design was different. It established how working at a smaller scale from the beginning could show result. This was also due to the time constrictions, but also to the interdisciplinary nature of the team (formed from architecture and urban design student). It meant having a relatively different approach to a project, in which we, as urban designer, got a better chance to see how the urban space is seen by an architect. Due to this inflow of new perspectives and new working scales, it served as an important kick-start to our main, larger scale project. The Integrated Design Process In the Integrated Design Process is the method where the urban design, engineering and Problem Based Learning is merged. By using this method in our project we went though five phases; the vision formulation phase, analysis phase, sketching phase, synthesis phase and the presentation phase.With the vision as a starting point, the design criteria is developed as further elaboration of the vision. The analysis
phase takes its shape in the gathering of information, so the content for the urban design parameters and technical requirements can be created. The analysis we have used are; Kevin Lynch with the mapping of path, edges, districts, nodes and landmarks. To create a more visual approach, we developed an extended landmark analysis that orientates the site in terms of landmarks in the context. Stream analysis, which locate the stream in and around our site. Flooding analysis shows the site in different levels of flooding. And then a last the external and site characters, that shows the qualities in the different areas. With this knowledge, the sketching phase takes its shape and the iteration process begins. The process of deciding on different ideas is a very complex. The decisions are made by a qualitative assessment in relation to the agreed design criteria. After the sketching the synthesis phase begins, the final design is defined and all the details adjusted. At last the material for the presentation is created. With the use of the iterative process of the Integrated Design, the overall design is improved and a more combined result between urban design and technical aspect is created. (Knudstrup, 2005. 13-29). 11
OPENING
Going towards the future, Aalborg Municipality´s vision is “to create a green urban area, based on health and sustainable principles […] focus on knowing the city and the active life, and create a rewarding interaction between rail freight, Østerådalen and surrounding areas. In addition to this, experimental architecture and creative reuse of cultural history trail should help to create identity in the new district.” Over the years, the city has transitioned into one representing culture and education, all of this being framed by tendencies of transforming the former industrial character. This project intends to built up on these same tendencies, but emphasizing a bit more on the contrast between the industrial and the natural landscape, while also bringing new cultural and social activities to the site.
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The “WET City” idea refers to the water, the ecology and the transformation processes of a city, with a focus on the integration of different engineering techniques with urban design. As such, identifying existing potential and building upon it is crucial in developing an environment that meets all the required needs (e.g. expansion, climate adaptation, physical and social connections). These have to be put in context with the existing site and seen as environmentally responsible design strategies and interventions.
Fig. X - Landmarks analysis
Ill. 1.3
Map Aalborg
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Fig. X 14- Landmarks analysis
HISTORY OF THE SITE
The site is a combination of three minor areas that have three different types of programming. On the western-most part of the site we have the train workshop, where the eighteentrack large remise is located. The complex was constructed in 1901 with the purpose of reparation, renovation and daily maintenance of the trains. The buildings has been rebuilt and renovated several times but is today leased by Limfjordsbanerne and used for fabrication and assembly of steel structures. The Gabriel area which is located in the northern part, toward the city, has, since 1851, been home for fabrication of textiles. But today it functions as an office building, which is under further development and being changed into a gathered office complex. The last and largest part of the site is KjÌrs Møllesø is a former waste disposal site for polluted water from the former industrial space of Eternitten.
Ill. 1.4
Site photo - train workshop
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ANALYSES
Kevin Lynch Landmarks Stream Analysis Flood Analysis External Characters Site Characters Analysis Conclusion
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KEVIN LYNCH
We have used Kevin Lynch to get a general overview of the site and its location within the surrounding context. Paths The project site has two main paths that connect it to the northern and southern parts of the city. However, it is only possible for pedestrians and people travelling by bike to move all the way through the area, which means that there is no heavy traffic moving all the way through the site. Furthermore the area around the lake has a small natural path, for pedestrians who wish to take a stroll around the water. Districts The districts surrounding the project site are dominated by a large industrial area situated east of the site, which consists of a majority of builders, merchants and motor mechanics. Moreover, there is a large residential area situated south of the area, which continues all the way along the stream to Østerådalen. The site in itself is also divided into sections. The lake is a district on its own while the western area is part of the large external train district. Shoved in between is the Gabriel building which houses a wide range of small companies.
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Edges The site is enclosed by a web of edges both externally and internally, some of which are traintracks, roads, fences, vegetation and changes in terrain. The main external edges are the railway tracks west of the site and the busy Østre Allé north of the site, which detaches the area from the city centre. Internally the site has a lot of edges moving in a north-to-south direction that serves as boundaries which makes it difficult to pass across the area in an east-to-west direction. Between the lake area and the industrial area there is an exaggerated leap in terrain which functions as an edge between the two. Nodes Since the areas surrounding the site are dominated by train and car traffic most of the nodes in this analysis is traffic intersections on Østre Allé north of the site and Ny Kærvej south of the site. The people traveling into the site on foot or by bike collide in a point north of the lake where the streams running through the area also merge. Landmarks The external landmarks and reference points in this part of the city are the Aalborg tower, the Comwell Hotel and Eternitten, which can all be seen standing on the south side of the lake. Internally the site has two local landmarks which serve as internal points of orientation; the lake and the old train workshop situated in the semicircle shaped building next to the tracks.
Paths Districts Edges Nodes Landmarks Ill. 1.5
Kevin Lynch
ANSGARS CHURCH
COMWELL HOTEL
AALBORG UNI. HOSTPITAL
One of the more important analysis done in this step of the project was the one in which we studied how the city and the surroundings can be seen from our site. As a result, it can be seen that, from the lake area, there are multiple vantage points from where different landmarks inside the city can be seen. These are grouped up mainly in the southern and eastern part of the path surrounding the lake. As such, it is clear that this southern and eastern part should be mainly pedestrian focused areas, in which the cityscape actually helps the users orient themselves inside the city. Due to all the tall vegetation, the human scale becomes very intimate, so there need to be some places where people can break out of this personal space and be able to view the landscape and the cityscape.
AALBORG TOWER
LANDMARKS
Ill. 1.6 Landmarks
SILO ETENITTEN
ST. MARCUS CHURCH
NORDKRAFT
UNICON SILO
ABBEY OF OUR LADY
STREAM ANALYSIS
The main water sources that enter our site are Østerå, Vestre Landgrøft and Østre Landgrøft. Out of these 3, Vestre Landgrøft is the only one that goes underground, making it a viable resource for controlling the water inside our site, as it is almost always dry. The most important stream, however, is Østerå, due to its large volume of water (840 L/s), it being the one that causes the majority of the flooding problems to an insufficient catchment size during heavy rain. Although there are quite a large number of streams and water elements connected to our site, most of them are not used to their full capacity, Vestre Landgrøft being underground and Østre Landgrøft just bordering the lake. These streams meet at the northern-most point of our site, a small lake just beneath the Østre Allé road, creating a pollution risk for the water in that point. Thus, we have a lot of existing resources that we can use for the design of our site, where some streams can act as additional catchment spaces for excess water or as natural depollution systems. The main recreational and representative water element should, however, be the lake, due to it creating a natural pocket inside a dense industrial and residential urban environment. As such, each water element inside our site should be able to mimic this duality. 22
Ill. 1.7
Streams on the site
Ill. 1.8
Streams around the site
FLOOD ANALYSIS
While studying the flood patterns of our site, we discover that the main problems arise in the residential area to the South of our site. This is the first area to flood, mainly due to Ă˜sterĂĽ not being able to handle the excess amount of water. We can also see that, for heavier rain, the middle and lake areas start to flood as well. This, however, can be see as a good thing, because water, then, tends to go to these areas, so there is a potential of using or modifying these spaces to act as both natural recreational spaces, but also as water retention or detention ponds.
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Ill. 1.9
Water level 0,5 m
Ill. 1.10
Water level 0,6 m
Ill. 1.11
Water level 0,8 m
Ill. 1.12
Water level 1,0 m
EXTERNAL CHARACTERS
Considering this as a defining element in the process, the external character of the site is very important due to the different types of functional and spatial connections, thus defining exactly where and why we have a deficit of elements. As a result, we decided on analyzing 4 key factors: the public transport, the neighboring programs, the education availability and the commercial areas. The public transport represents a fairly large issue, as our site is not directly connected to any type of public transport. The closest bus stop is located on Østre Allé, but getting from there to our site is quite difficult. The other bus stops are located at least 500 - 600 m away. The neighboring programs are relatively imbalanced, as we have industry, both heavy and light, on each side of our site, with the exception of the southern area. Here we have a highly residential area, composed of 1 or maximum 2 story houses. The important functional elements are represented by the presence of the railway on the western part and the Gabriel sites’ office and retail buildings to the north. 26
Although for the number of housing units there is an appropriate number of commercial and educational programs in the vicinity, most of them are very hard to access due to the barrier created by Østre Allé. From this external character we realize that our site has a large problem with regards to the connection in the northern direction, as well as a discrepancy in the built form, both from a spatial and a functional perspective. We believe that in our approach, we should focus on increasing the accessibility to and from our site, while also developing the internal programming to better connect the southern and northern sites.
site publictransport connections busstation trainstation Ill. 1.13 Public transport
schools nurseries private schools kindergarden Ill. 1.15 Education
suburban resitential parks light industry heavy industry office and rental Ill. 1.14 Neighboring areaas
shopping Ill. 1.16 Commercial
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SITE CHARACTER
Physical
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Ill. 1.17
Site photos
The Blue - Lake, streams, flooding The Green - Natural pathways, unused green spaces, lakefront The Grey - Buildings, build pathway, train workshop pavement
Potential
The space of the site is defined by three separate, segregated zones, mainly due to a large number of natural and artificial barriers, like Østre Allé, Østerå and so on. The existing quasi-cultural and bio-cultural areas are not capitalized, nor maintained. As such, few people know of its existence, leading to a low recreational value, despite existing qualities These existing qualities and potentials translate in the form of large quantities of green and blue space that can act as urban connectors, visually and physically. Thus, there is also a development opportunity for new housing units, as well as office and cultural buildings. This is all framed by the site’s location, near the city center, to such a degree that it establishes a departure point from anonymity.
Existing
After analyzing the site from different, more physical perspectives, the next step was to try and sum up some of this information. This translates into this site character analysis, where we expose the existing character and start thinking about the potential character, through a more objective lens.
Ill. 1.18
Site photos
The Blue - New streams and connections to solve flooding The Green - Higher quality green spaces (user-friendly) The Grey - Rehabilitation and/or conversion of existing functions
Social
Economical
Cultural
Transitory character Lots of rest spaces, no rest places Local desire for meeting places High level of enclosure
Local influences, no local character Light industry and office spaces as main economical agents Disconnected residential programming
Train workshop - unique, not capitalized (100y old, poor shape) Urban-Natural ecosystem Can support a more recreational trait due to past flexibilities
Open and connected meeting places by eliminating barriers Integration of the residents with the rest of the site Create link points between major elements
Housing and office space development Municipal interest in the neighborhood Ability for residents and users to invest in the space
Renovate the train workshop to attract more turists Convert existing building to accomodate different functions Connect the city center with local activities
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ANALYSIS CONCLUSION
After studying and going through all these different elements, both spatial and functional, there is a certain pattern that we see developing throughout the site. While certain areas have a high degree of problematic elements, the solutions do not need to be too extreme or to strictly planned out. As it is, this whole area would benefit from an evolution, a development of certain structural and recreational elements to better connect it to it’s surroundings. The qualities to be focused on are related mainly to the different (sometimes opposite) types of textures – the site presents an interesting combination of very industrial elements (railway) alongside very natural structures (lake). In the same sense, the existing water system can be used to solve the flooding problem of the residential area, but also to incorporate design elements that can raise the social integration through fluidity and dynamics. The duality mentioned above should be one, if not the most important element in structuring the design concept. Ill. 1.19
Site photos - railway
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THEORY
Theory Case - SLA Fredericia Case - XXXX Inspiration Diagram
THEORY After analyzing the site and choosing the strong points we want to incorporate and build on in the design, the process has to be structured around certain theoretical and more or less functional processes. After studying a number of current and somewhat older theories, we decided on incorporating these as being the main theoretical background for the design.
The Ecological City From the perspectives of ecology as a main focus in design and planning, our focus has been towards the concepts of “a city in balance” and “a water city”. The “city in balance” idea refers to an integrated approach in the way we design certain aspect of daily urban life. We cannot draw borders, specifying where certain activities or programs take place, as we cannot control how that aspect of urban life takes shape. As a result, a sustainable solution to this kind of “non-contoured” area design is actually implementing more green living environments. These are, in reality, residential areas that interweave public activities with green space development, and sometimes act as a boundary for an advancing city (Hendriks and Duijvestein, 2002). The “water city” proposes the idea of changing the view on water as a merely technical necessity that can afterwards be discarded, to using the water as a day-to-day life element, retaining it and using it as a design criteria. “The solution lies in a drastic change of course with regard 34
to our dealing with water, changing from ‘flushing and cleaning’ to ‘retaining and keeping it clean’. Water can be retained as surface water in ponds, canals, and ditches in the city, and/or as infiltration water in soil. In short, there should be more space for water” (Hendriks and Duijvestein, 2002) Terra Fluxus This article, published in The Landscape Urbanism Reader by James Corner, focuses on the reemergence of landscape as a popular term, but also as an increasingly studied topic in design and planning schools. It is suggested that “themes of organization, dynamic interaction, ecology, and technique point to a looser, emergent urbanism, more akin to the real complexity of cities and offering an alternative to the rigid mechanisms of centralist planning.” (Corner, 2006) The landscape, or “landscape urbanism” is seen as type of driving force for processes inside a city, often times acting as actual infrastructural entities. The greenway corridors that infiltrate Stuttgart, for example, and bring mountain air through the city as both coolant and cleanser, embody
New urban life
New urban space
New City
A temporary landscape activates the area from day one and opens up for a democratic citizen invovlement.
The temporary is used as a foundation for the permanent. Amenity values ensure the area’s continuous attractivness.
Buildings are built in an already attractive part of town. Nature and buildings become an integrated part of each other.
Ill. 1.20
a more significant potential of landscape urbanism: the ability to shift scales, to locate urban fabrics in their regional and biotic contexts, and to design relationships between dynamic environmental processes and urban form. (Corner, 2006) With regards to the articles title, it refers to the landscape, not as the usual “terra firma”, but through a series of processes (processes over time, surface staging, operational method and imaginary), it should be seen more as “terra fluxus” (shifting processes coursing through and across the urban field. (Corner, 2006)
Theory diagram
Processual Urbanism The whole idea of urbanism as a process is a fairly new way of approaching the design aspect of a city, seeing it as a conflagration of different sections through space and time. The direct result of this way of thinking is that we, as urban designers, have to stage a project in order to compensate for either future, or unforeseen evolutions, by having both a short-term and a long-term approach. But these should not be treated as individual elements. The short-term should work inside the system created by the long-term, and the long-term should allow for future short-terms, and be able to modify itself accordingly, while also maintaining its initial strategy.
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As such, the processes involved necessitate a type of activity that can create the foundation for more sustainable developments. This activity should not be set in stone from day one, but should be able to evolve, and after a period of time to become more permanent, more stable. This creates attractiveness and character for a site, making it develop new qualities that attract social and economical activities. (Fig. XX) “Processes can be perceived as space happening over time. This is why processes pose such a great potential to design, as the art of space-making cannot ignore the context it is connected to […] whether biological, urban or social. Activating such a wide range of processes that do not spring from the world of architecture necessitates an interdisciplinarity, a sort of expert knowledge in technical and biological know-how which landscape urbanism calls for.” (The Landscape Urbanism Appendix) A more complicated and somewhat hard to grasp process, aside from biological and economical, is the social one. To integrate this immaterial and relatively abstract social process, programming and working with processes rather 36
than a fixed result is a more balanced design method. “Social processes can never be directly controlled or predicted, but through thoughtful and deliberate programming, an attempt can be made to guide these social processes in certain directions.” (The Landscape Urbanism Appendix) Temporary Uses “Temporary use refers to temporary activation of vacant or underused land or buildings with no immediate development demand.” (Lehtovuori and Ruoppila, 2012). Although seemingly improper from a design point of view, when the notion of temporary use is used in conjunction with the idea of development over time, it actually makes sense that a space should be able to accommodate different uses over time, so that the activities and public spaces become sustainable. One of the main focuses of temporary use as a design and planning tool is to increase the attractiveness of yet un-build land, or of land that is in the process of being rebuilt. Temporary uses should be given to key spaces or space in need of a brake from the routine, in order to create a new identity and image of the space. They can
be also used during development phases, where different uses can be given to spaces that are not yet ready for the more permanent program, or that need time for the design process to actually start. The most important aspect of these temporary uses is, probably, the social aspect. “To attract citizens and provide inspiration and orientation [temporary uses] facilitate and develop potential social meetings and healthy lifestyle. It is important that these facilities are contemporary rather than temporary so they can develop with (not against) the densification of the city and become part of the future city rather than functioning merely as a provisional distraction.� (SLA Architecture, 2010)
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CASE - SLA FREDERICIA
The themes of SLAs project, situated in the centre of the Danish city Fredericia, are temporary use and trying to create a new image for a desolated area. The project is the first stage and basis in a long-term urban process which will develop the area into an attractive, new part of the city. The site in focus is part of an old industrial area on the harbour of Fredericia that formerly housed a prominent chemical plant, which recently moved its production abroad, leaving a 14-hectare void behind. Until the site was handed over to the municipality, the area was not accessible to the public, so one of the most important tasks in the development of the area was to give the citizens a sense of belonging and ownership to this site in which they had never set foot. But instead of attracting people through the built environment, which has generally been the aim in urban planning as we know it today, SLA was called on to attract the citizens of Fredericia through temporary green attractions. This approach is a result of the recognition of people being more attracted to and more capable of identifying themselves with the natural outdoor surroundings than new buildings and roads. SLAs approach was to design the area, but yet try to make it look as impermanent and temporary as possible. By means of paths made from poor quality asphalt and recyclable materials usually seen on construction sites, they divided the area into smaller spaces. The aim was to provide the area with a manmade framework which made it accessible and then let all the rest appear more or less by 38
coincidence through different activities. The spaces were filled with gravel, trees and other natural elements which purpose is to stimulate the visitors’ senses. All elements are placed in a reckless manner that makes it look random and makes it easy to move everything around to change the spatiality and appearance of the area. The point of this raw and unfinished look was to invite people to come into the area to develop and take ownership of it without being afraid of spoiling a delicate and expensive design. Another important task was to make the site more attractive to investors because of the pollution in the area. SLA helped to solve this by introducing vegetation that has a depolluting effect on the contaminated soil. In spaces where the soil was particularly polluted and not healthy for the public to stay in, SLA saw an opportunity to experiment with different species and see which were more efficient as treatment for pollution. “FredericiaC illustrates the specific means for creating a sustainable city by facilitating and utilizing urban pioneering in a contemporary rather than temporary fashion. The method involves techniques for using the universal processes of nature and democracy in synergy with the uniqueness of the particular area of application. As such it can be applied anywhere - at any scale.� (Smart Urban Laboratory - http://old.sla.dk/Images/ indhold/sla/FredericiaC.pdf)
Ill. 1.21
SLA Fredericia 1
Ill. 1.22
SLA Fredericia 2
Ill. 1.23
SLA Fredericia 2
Photo text: Community involvement: Models made in LEGOworkshops by the citizens were afterwards constructed out of recyclable materials.
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INSPIRATION DIAGRAM
Water Water Vegetation Buildings
Following the study of the different theories, the next step is represented by the brainstorming of ideas and gathering of different reference material. Considering the main idea that we want to approach, that of a development over time, the gathered reference images have been compiled in a diagram that is divided into the layers we want for our design.
Public Space
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As a flexible design element, water can mold itself and adapt to our proposal for integrating natural motion in the public spaces, as well as the housing units.
Vegetation
Buildings
Public Space
Vegetation, as a topography element, will serve to integrate the water in this urban ecosystem that we want to create, while also acting as an active landscape element.
The layer of buildings is directed by the industry of the place through sharp shapes and is also following the terrain through integrating the water and vegetation.
The public spaces are capitalized by the temporal aspect, thus the main purpose is hosting different activities, which are meant to attract visitors and involve the community regarding their needs over time. Ill. 1.24
Inspiration diagram
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VISION
The vision for this project is to transform the Gabriel site into a healthy and dynamic urban area, by enhancing the natural and man-made qualities that are already present in the area. We wish to include the parameter of time into our designproces, to secure a natural growth that satisfies present as well as future demands.
Ill. 1.25
Site photos - lake
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PRESENTATION
Concept Layers Stage I - New Image Stage II - Internal Connections Stage III - Expansion Stage IV - Future Stage Diagram
CONCEPT
Design Concept The main concept which the design is based on is related to the idea of balance. The analysis led to the conclusion that the area contains two very different environments, the industrial manmade area and the natural lake area. The goal is to clearly define the zones within the site, but still attempt to add natural elements and textures in the industrial zone and vice versa. This is done to make the built and the natural environment an integrated part of each other and to make a comfortable balance between the two. To meet the vision and design criteria while maintaining the balance, the design has been divided into four layers, which should be equally emphasized; connections, water system, recreational areas and the built environment.
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Approach Instead of designing a final masterplan for the project site, the design is divided into stages to make a processual siteplan that evolves and grows over time. This is especially efficient in this context because of the fact, that the area is in need of a new image and to fulfil the need to raise awareness about the site. The idea is to attract people and to give them a sense of belonging and ownership of the area from the very beginning. This is to create a healthy social environment that will evolve along with the area over time. The stages are not planned within any timeframe, because the process needs to evolve naturally and new stages should not be launched before the need for them arises. It should also be possible to decide which layers inside each stage is relevant to progress with, and which are not.
Ill. 2.1
Concept diagram
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LAYERS EXISTING Connections The connection layer is represented by all the accessibility and mobility concepts in the design. The first stage starts with creating the external connections in a north-south direction to connect the area with the surrounding context. The second and third stages are about emphasizing the internal connections to break the boundaries within the site.
Water system The main purpose of the new water system on the site is to take some of the pressure of Østerå, which easily floods. This is done by connecting Østre Landgrøft to the existing lake in stage one and implementing a controlled outlet back into Østerå. For the same reason, Vestre Landgrøft will be connected via a controlled outlet to Østerå in stage two. This will be combined with a new lake in between the two zones. The third stage is mainly represented by controlling and optimizing the water flow. The water also functions as a way of connecting the two zones and creating new recreational areas.
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STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
Ill. 2.2
Layers 1
Ill. 2.3
Layers 2
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EXISTING Recreational areas The implementation of new recreational spaces goes handin-hand with the connection and water layers. In stage one the area around the existing train workshop is used for a range of activities for the citizens. This is while a new public space in the middle zone is being developed, which will be extended into a promenade in stage two. Throughout the three stages the lake area will be developed with new species to improve the existing environment, so stage three will end up consisting of a range of “natural� and manmade recreational spaces.
Built environment To get a quick start on the area transformation the existing buildings will be used in the first stage, while new buildings are being developed in the southern part of the site. In stage two there is a possibility of moving activities into the new buildings while the old ones are being renovated. In stage three there will be an expansion of buildings in the northern part of the site and also in the lake area. Throughout the three stages there will be temporary structures scattered around the entire site, which will be part of workshops and activities to activate the community.
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STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
Ill. 2.4
Layers 3
Ill. 2.5
Layers 4
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Ill. 2.6
Stage 1 - Rendering New Image
In this initial stage of development, the main focus is on creating a new identity for the site, by developing certain pop-up activities placed in and around the train workshop area. These activities connect with the new green and natural elements that we reuse and improve along the rails and lake area, thus making the whole site known and experienced.
In the process of creating a better atmosphere for the site, the first stage focuses on rebranding the site and creating a new image. This is meant to develop the site from an exterior perspective and make people come in, through the different contemporary activities happening in the train workshop building. To do this, we embellish the unused railway tracks to create a new industrial pathway towards the site, meant to be very rich in vegetation.
The cultural hub stands at the top regarding this design stage. It is the main attraction for activities, both during the day and the night time, due to its flexible interior space. As such, it can house different workshops and galleries during the day and morph into cafes or commercial activities at night.
NEW IMAGE
STAGE
01
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PLAN N
A
Ill. 2.7
Stage 1 - Plan
HEADLINES
Connections – Creating a new N-S road for accessibility purposes New Student Housing – Starting development on the new type of living, which can incorporate other functions as well, due to a flexible floor plan Pop-up events – Cultural and social activities that increase attractiveness and awareness towards the site Water system – Depolluting the lake area and creating the necessary space for a new lake
Use of old buildings and tracks – Incorporating contemporary activities inside existing building and on existing structures to involve the people in the history of the site New public space – Creating a new type of public space in the middle zone that can accommodate both new and temporary functions, but also serve as a recreational element Vegetation – Inserting new vegetation elements to help the depollution process, as well as raise the landscape’s attractiveness
SECTION
Ill. 2.8
Stage 1 - Section
55
DETAIL - FLEXIBLE RAILWAY CARS This type of urban furniture elements is meant to represent a flexible, sometimes temporary structure that can act either as the nature element inside the industrial area, or as the industrial element inside the natural area. This flexibility is potentiated through the existence of the railway system inside the site, making it easy to move them.
Ill. 2.9
56
Stage 1 - Flexible railway cars diagram
DETAIL - CULTURAL HUB The idea behind the repurposing of the existing train shop is to create a cultural hub that can accommodate the different pop-up activities in the current structure. The floor plan will be flexible so, depending on the need, the space can house activities ranging from art galleries to do-it-yourself workshops.
Ill. 2.10
Stage 1 - Rendering Cultural Hub
DETAIL - VEGETATION Throughout the three stages a range of different types of vegetation will be applied to the project site and the lake area in particular. This is done to enhance the natural qualities of the area, to ensure high biodiversity and to try to move the sensory perceptions from the wild nature into the city. The first species we will introduce are from the willow- and mustard families, which has proofed to be the most efficient species when it comes to natural treatment of polluted soil. This is to cleanse the area that has been polluted by the industry surrounding it. Further on we will proceed with the introduction of other species that will contribute to a more colorful area around the lake and in the industrial zone. This will appear in the form of different trees with colorful leaves and fruits which will change along with the seasons. To enhance the qualities that are already on the site we wish to bring in more reed and rush, which is common species in wet areas. These normally extend naturally, and will thereby change the sites appearance over time. All species in the lake area are introduced before anything is built because we wish to create an enjoyable natural environment that can become an integrated part of the built environment.
Thlaspi Arvense Juncus Effusus Phragmites Australis Aronia Arbutifolia Prunus Cerasifera ‘Nigra’ Sorbus Aucuparia Sauherad E Salix Alba Betula Utilis Populus Tremula
Ill. 2.11
58
Color diagram
Thlaspi Arvense Field Pennycress
Salix Alba White Willow
Ill. 2.12
Thlaspi Arvense 1
Ill. 2.13
Thlaspi Arvense 2
0,2 – 0,4 m Green/White – Brown Part of mustard family. Natural treatment for polluted soil.
Populus Tremula Common Aspen
Ill. 2.14
Ill. 2.15 10 m Green/Grey/Silver Natural treatment for polluted soil.
Salix Alba 1
Ill. 2.16
Populus Tremula 1
Salix Alba 2
Ill. 2.17
Populus Tremula 2
8 – 15 m in clay soil Green/Brown Part of the poplar genus. Quaking leaves. Natural treatment for polluted soil.
Juncus Effusus Soft Rush
Phragmites Australis Common Reed
Aronia Arbutifolia Aronia, “Black Chokeberry”
Ill. 2.18
Juncus Effusus 1
Ill. 2.20 Phragmites Australis 1
Ill. 2.22 Aronia Artbutifolia 1
Ill. 2.19
Juncus Effusus 2
Ill. 2.21
Ill. 2.23 Aronia Artbutifolia 2
0,5 – 1 m Yellow/green Nesting habitat for wildfowl. Habitat to small mammals and a number of invertebrates.
Phragmites Australis 2
1 – 3m Green – Brown Commonly forms extensive stands, reed beds. Attractive to birds. Important for wildlife and conservation.
2 – 4m White/Green - Red Naturally understory and woodland edge plants, and grow well when planted under trees. Resistant to drought, insects, pollution and diseases.
Sorbus Aucuparia Sauherad E Rowan
Betula Utilis Himalayan Birch
Prunus Cerasifera ‘Nigra’ Black Cherry Plum
Ill. 2.24 Sorbus Aucuparia Sauherad E 1
Ill. 2.26 Betula Utilis 1
Ill. 2.28 Prunus Cerasifera ‘Nigra’ 1
Ill. 2.25 Sorbus Aucuparia Sauherad E 2
Ill. 2.27 Betula Utilis 2
Ill. 2.29 Prunus Cerasifera ‘Nigra’ 2
4 – 6m Dark red – dark purple Copes well with a cityclimate and all kinds of soil. Edible fruits.
15 - 20 m White/Green - Yellow Tolerates wet sites.
4 – 6m Dark red – dark purple Copes well with a cityclimate and all kinds of soil. Edible fruits.
Ill. 2.30 Stage 2 - Rendering Internal Connections
While in the first stage the focus is on a new image, in this stage we focus on strengthening the relations, both visual and physical, between the industry and the nature. This is done by developing new public spaces in between these elements, spaces that hold the activities that, prior, were located at the train workshop.
STAGE
02
INTERNAL CONNECTIONS
PLAN
B
N
Ill. 2.31
Stage 2 - Plan
HEADLINES
Renovation – Bringing the existing buildings to their former value, while allowing them to accommodate new, culturally oriented activities Water system – Opening Vestre Landgroft to create a new type of path and letting the water flood the new lake Activity movement – Relocating the activities from the industrial area throughout the public spaces in the site, for better social connection to the rest of the area
Expanding the paths – Creating new public pathways and spaces towards the north and the south, while also adding value to the path extending towards the lake Terrain modification – Recreating the shape of the lake to better incorporate the new typologies Terps hills – Creating the basis for the new housing units, as well as being temporary activity platforms for existing function New atmosphere – Inserting new types of trees in the public area and around the lake to create new visual effects
SECTION
Ill. 2.32 Stage 2 - Section
65
DETAIL - TECHNICAL WATER DETAIL The water system has 3 major technical points. In the southern part of our site we have a retention basin, in which we have an inlet from Vestre Landgrøft and an outlet towards the new open stream. This outlet is represented by a pipe with a diameter 0,14 m, to help control how much water is able to get into the stream. When it is flooded, the water can also go over the access road, which is lowered in the middle
0,14 m
The second point is the connection between the open stream and the new lake. It is represented by a ramp that goes down from the stream towards the lake, due to us wanting to fill the whole surface with water. The material covering the channel is made from a selfcleaning material, so that sedimentation won´t occur. The third and last point is the connection between the new lake and Østerå. This system has a pipe with a diameter of 0,14 m with a controlled valve at the end. This acts as a barrier, stopping water from coming inform Østerå, but it opens up when the new lake is flooded (the water level rises so it pushes the valve open; when the water level lowers, the valve closes).
Ill. 2.33 Stage 2 - Technical water detail 1
66
2,0
m
0,14 m
Ill. 2.34 Stage 2 - Technical water detail 2
Ill. 2.35 Stage 2 - Technical water detail 3
67
Ill. 2.36 Stage 3 - Rendering Expantion
The focus for the third stage is geared towards densifying the site, both in regards to the built environment, but also in regards to activities. We now focus on creating the actual community we want to shelter here, by establishing some more permanent elements, such as the pedestrian paths, but also allowing for future development through temporary activities and new typologies.
STAGE
03
EXPANSION
PLAN N
C
Ill. 2.37 Stage 3 - Plan
HEADLINES
Extending the student housing – Developing the northern part of the industrial area so that the built system acts as a buffer Terp development – Creating the housing units on 3 of the terp hills to help densify the lake area Activity dynamism – The temporary activities move between the industrial site and the public platforms
Paths into the lake – Developing a connection between the pedestrian railway-nature path and the lake Viewpoints – Creating elevated structures on the water towards the important perspectives from the lake outward
SECTION
Ill. 2.38 Stage 3 - Section
71
DETAIL - NEW TYPOLOGIES
The types of built structures decided upon are of two kinds. The first is the building that, for the most part, will host the student housing. They are represented, basically, by row houses, in groups of three or four. These groups are connected by a metallic structure that simulates the shape of the houses, while also acting as a spatial separator, offering access to the houses and a level of intimacy, while also raising the natural lighting level inside. The structure also helps delimitate modules for each group of students.
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The second type is represented by the terp housing units. These are located only in the lake area, and the typology translates to small quasi-communities of one story houses, grouped around a common space, situated on hills inside the scenery. They are served by access points, and act as a “pop-up� element inside the landscape, offering dynamics to certain perspectives. These typologies are not necessarily meant to hold only residential functions. Due to the flexibility of the floor plan, each housing type can hold different activities in certain stages, if needed. This solution fits the idea of temporary uses, and also gives flexibility to the built structures as well.
Ill. 2.39 Stage 3 - New typologies
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DETAIL - MATERIALS
CONCRETE MASSIV WOOD PLANKS
HIGH GRASS REEDS
STONE
CONCRETE
WOODEN PLANKS 74
Ill. 2.40 Stage3 - Materials
DETAIL - SITE PLAN
Ill. 2.41
Stage 3 - Site plan
DETAIL - FLOODING PLAN
Ill. 2.42 Stage 3 - Flooding plan
Ill. 2.43 Stage 4 - Rendering Future
For the stages following, we consider that the site was designed in such a way that it can accommodate future change, if the socio-political frame would be to change. As such, we have thought of some spaces that can be either transformed or developed further into potential housing areas, but also of areas where the public spaces is not so static, mainly due to the development of activities that do not necessitate a fixed limitation.
STAGE
04
FUTURE
PLAN N
C
Ill. 2.44 Stage 4 - Plan
HEADLINES
New connections – Creating new pedestrian connections from the industrial area towards the western, northern, and southern barriers to increase the accessibility even more New structure on the water – Extending pathways from the terps and the public spaces towards the lake Expanding the terps development – Creating the housing units on the rest of the unbuilt terps Activities on the water – Creating a new water-based activity system to further introduce life and dynamics inside the lake area Extension of the green areas – Letting the natural elements and vegetation extend freely, controlling them only where it is actually needed
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Stage 1 Connections
STAGE DIAGRAM
NEW NEWPUBLIC PUBLICSPACE SPACE Creating a new type ofof public Creating a new type public space inin the mixed zone space the mixed zone
NEW NEWROAD ROADCONNECTION CONNECTION Enhancing the accesibility towards Enhancing the accesibility towards our site byby creating a new N-S road our site creating a new N-S road
RAILWAY RAILWAYPATH PATH Using the old railways toto Using the old railways establish the pedestrian establish the pedestrian connection toto our site connection our site
Reusing the W-E railway asas Reusing the W-E railway a pedestrian walkway a pedestrian walkway
Water System
DEPOLUTION DEPOLUTIONSYSTEM SYSTEM Connecting Connecting Østre Landgrøft with Østre Landgrøft with the lake the lake
TERRAIN TERRAINMODIFICATION MODIFICATION Prepare the mixed Prepare the mixed zone forfor water detention zone water detention
Built Enviroment
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Recreational Areas
Having the visual representation of the stages and how each process will fit in, we thought it best to show how each stage interacts with one another through a more simplified visual representation. The stage diagram is meant to be seen as more of a timeline, in which each of the main processes is placed inside the respective stage, and it can be seen how these processes evolve through the stages, and where they are meant to finish. A short look over this timeline will show that, for example, a number of processes start at some point, but they are meant to continue far beyond the third stage, meaning that they will develop and evolve further.
NEW NEWSPECIES SPECIES Augmenting species Augmenting species that help depolute that help depolute the lake soil the lake soil
Developing reeds Developing reeds and rush around and rush around the lake and streams the lake and streams
POP POPUP UPEVENTS EVENTS Temporary cultural and social Temporary cultural and social activities toto increase activities increase awareness ofof the site awareness the site
NEW NEWSTUDENT STUDENTHOUSING HOUSING Developing new industrial Developing new industrial typologies inin the southern part typologies the southern part ofof the train workshop area the train workshop area
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
EXPANDING THE PUBLIC SPACE Extending the space towards the south
Extending the space towards the north
NEW LAKE ROAD Creating a new road connection between the main road and the lake
NATURAL PATH
VIEWPOINTS: DECKS
STRUCTURES
Expanding the W-E railway path around the lake
Developing a connection between the paths and the lake
Creating viewpoint structures on the water
Flow
OPEN STREAM Open Vestre Landgrøft
NEW LAKE
OPTIMIZATION AND CONTROL
Letting the water from Vestre Landgrøft into the mixed area
Managing and maintaining the water levels inside the water system
Adaption
VIEWPOINTS: TERP HILLS Creating the landscape for future housing units
TERRAIN MODIFIFICATION Shaping the lake
Growth
NEW ATMOSPHERE Inserting fruit trees in the public areas around the lake
Bringing new types of trees inside the terps
PLATFORM EVENTS
ACTIVITY DYNAMISM
Temporary activities to give dynamism to the site
Temporary actitivities move between the industrial site and the public platforms
EXPANDING HOUSING
TERP DEVELOPMENT
Developing new industrial typologies in the northern part of the train workshop area
Developing the housing units located on the terps
INDUSTRY RENOVATION
NEW ACTIVITIES
Renovating the old industrial buildings so that new activities can happen inside
The renovated industrial building can host new types of activities
New Functions
Ill. 2.45 Stage 4 - Stage diagram
REFLECTION ON FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
For this project, the reflection should be seen as more of a future perspective towards the development and what type of character can be obtained through the use of time as a parameter. Although the entire process has been divided into 3 main stages to better reflect the intentions of the project, it does not mean that the third stage is the last one, nor that it is the only possible version. A further development for the site is envisioned, where the expansion of the layers (Connections, water system, recreational areas, built environment) continues to evolve, if the social, economic or municipal demand for it occurs. The uncertainty of future demands strengthens the intention of having each of the layers in the design being able to develop independently from each other. The public spaces that house the activities, as well as the activities themselves are expected to develop. This is due to the dynamic nature of these elements, but also to the connections throughout the site. This means that the activities that happen in the more permanent buildings can 84
always move according to necessities (being able to readjust themselves inside public spaces or natural spaces or even new built environments). In the initial stages a pattern for moving activities from one place to another was set up, in order to have something happening on the site at a regular basis. But once the permanent buildings are finished, this same pattern can be reapplied so that the character of the site always incorporates this dynamic entity. As such, even the public spaces themselves can extend and create new, maybe even unforeseen connections. This project contains a plan for processual urban planning that could easily be implemented in other places and in other scales. Especially because of the high number of industries taking their businesses abroad leaving behind huge sites inside the city where usually no ordinary person have ever set foot. These sites typically hold a great amount of opportunities, but lack an identity that the citizens can relate to. Therefore it can be efficient to introduce public activities and temporary uses before the renovation and development of new buildings begins. The physical design can also be used in these similar projects to create a unique
area with a mix of functions (cultural-residential) and typologies (old-new). Blending all these elements into one big web of atmospheres, and also adding natural elements, offers certain qualities that other types of structures do not (a unique relationship with one’s surroundings). Also the way of living which is presented in this project can be implemented in other locations. This be the way of living in a mixed natural/manmade environment, but in particular the way of living with water, because of the increased flooding risk throughout the country. In some locations the flooding risk constitutes a threat that demands a physical change of the surroundings. This should be seen as an opportunity to rethink the way of living with water and try to think of water as a positive element instead of a problem. As in our case where the need for a new water system ends up being the solution to a healthier way of living for a bigger area than just the one being affected by flooding.
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ENDING
CONCLUSION DISCUSSION LITERATURE LIST ILLUSTRATION LIST
CONCLUSION
The “finished� result of this project presents the opportunity of looking into the possibilities of developing new urban structures inside an ecosystem, where natural and man made elements are mixed. By dividing the design process into stages and defining the need for each stage through different design parameters, a structure for developing a new urban landscape over time is created. The goal was to create an area that will function at any time of the construction phase and take the present and future demands into account while trying not to construct anything unnecessary if the demand for it does not occur. This have been solved by making a strategy that spreads out new developments in both time and space, to make sure that there are always room available within the site
88
for recreation and social meetings between people. The necessity of using social activities in the very beginning of the construction process has been emphasized. This is because of the need of a new image and to raise awareness of the present more or less desolated area. This approach ensures a breeding ground for a healthy social environment. The more literal meaning of healthy living has also been addressed by trying to come up with a solution to the pollution problem that the area holds. This is done by introducing vegetation and circulation of water as natural treatment for the polluted lake and soil. By creating the new water system, the present flooding problem in the area has also been addressed, and integrated in the new design of the site as a way of living with water today.
DISCUSSION
The processual planning approach to this project naturally raises questions about whether this sort of gradual development is the right way to go when planning a new part of a city. It is very different compared to a traditional masterplan that proposes a complete design and a strict final product. The question is whether it is the journey or the destination that matters? It is difficult to provide a fulfilling answer to that question because it will probably always depend on the location and first and foremost who the project is being designed for. One of the arguments that support processual planning is that it gives people an early sense of belonging to an area, while new buildings tends to be rigid and lack identity. But couldn’t these issues be addressed in another way than the long term processual approach? Is it not possible to create architecture that people can identify themselves with?
One of the critical points of the approach is whether people will lose interest in the area before the development really gets going, and how one should decide when it is time to begin a new stage to keep the momentum going. One of the important things about using this method must be to keep evaluating and observing the area in question, to ensure a natural evolvement over time, but do we have the resources to do this?
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LITERATURE LIST
90
91
ILLUSTRATION LIST Ill. 1.1 Ill. 1.2 Ill. 1.3 Ill. 1.4 Ill. 1.5 Ill. 1.6
Front page Site photo - lake Map Aalborg Site photo - train workshop Kevin Lynch Landmarks
Ill. 1.7 Streams on the site Ill. 1.8 Streams around the site Ill. 1.9 Water level 0,5 m Ill. 1.11 Water level 0,8 m Ill. 1.10 Water level 0,6 m Ill. 1.12 Water level 1,0 m Ill. 1.13 Public transport Ill. 1.15 Education Ill. 1.14 Neighboring areaas Ill. 1.16 Commercial Ill. 1.17 Site photos Ill. 1.18 Site photos Ill. 1.19 Site photos - railway Ill. 1.20 Theory diagram Ill. 1.21 SLA Fredericia 1 Ill. 1.22 SLA Fredericia 2 Ill. 1.23 SLA Fredericia 2 Ill. 1.24 Inspiration diagram Ill. 1.25 Site photos - lake
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Own photo Own photo Own photo Own photo Own illustration
Ill. 2.1 Concept diagram Ill. 2.2 Layers 1 Ill. 2.3 Layers 2 Ill. 2.4 Layers 3 Ill. 2.5 Layers 4 Ill. 2.6 Stage 1 - Rendering New Image Ill. 2.7 Stage 1 - Plan Ill. 2.8 Stage 1 - Section Ill. 2.9 Stage 1 - Flexible railway cars diagram Ill. 2.10 Stage 1 - Rendering Cultural Hub Ill. 2.11 Color diagram Ill. 2.12 Thlaspi Arvense 1 Ill. 2.13 Thlaspi Arvense 2 Ill. 2.14 Salix Alba 1 Ill. 2.15 Salix Alba 2 Ill. 2.16 Populus Tremula 1 Ill. 2.17 Populus Tremula 2 Ill. 2.18 Juncus Effusus 1 Ill. 2.19 Juncus Effusus 2 Ill. 2.20 Phragmites Australis 1 Ill. 2.21 Phragmites Australis 2 Ill. 2.22 Aronia Artbutifolia 1 Ill. 2.23 Aronia Artbutifolia 2 Ill. 2.24 Sorbus Aucuparia Sauherad E 1 Ill. 2.25 Sorbus Aucuparia Sauherad E 2 Ill. 2.26 Betula Utilis 1 Ill. 2.27 Betula Utilis 2 Ill. 2.28 Prunus Cerasifera ‘Nigra’ 1 Ill. 2.29 Prunus Cerasifera ‘Nigra’ 2 Ill. 2.30 Stage 2 - Rendering Internal Connections Ill. 2.31 Stage 2 - Plan Ill. 2.32 Stage 2 - Section Ill. 2.33 Stage 2 - Technical water detail 1
Ill. 2.34 Stage 2 - Technical water detail 2 Ill. 2.35 Stage 2 - Technical water detail 3 Ill. 2.36 Stage 3 - Rendering Expantion Ill. 2.37 Stage 3 - Plan Ill. 2.38 Stage 3 - Section Ill. 2.39 Stage 3 - New typologies Ill. 2.40 Stage3 - Materials Ill. 2.41 Stage 3 - Site plan Ill. 2.42 Stage 3 - Flooding plan Ill. 2.43 Stage 4 - Rendering Future Ill. 2.44 Stage 4 - Plan Ill. 2.45 Stage 4 - Stage diagram
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APPENDIX Designproces Layers Stage I - New Image Stage II - Internal Connections Stage III - Densification Stage IV - Future Stage Diagram
DESIGN PROCES Being part of an integrated approach, the design process started with first studying the theoretical aspects of what we wanted to achieve, mainly a structure that would fit our development over time. Having the background of analyses in mind, a phenomenological direction was taken next, thus getting to feel the site by understanding first hand the building materials and their sensory properties, but also the way in which the natural element shaped the site and interacted with its visitors. What followed was the sketching phase, in which different design proposals and methods of programming the site were taken. Out of these different sketches, we started using the same types as elements to get the same type of design language, finally reaching a synthesis resembling a final design.
Connections The process of sketching the connections was a fairly straightforward one. It started by first connecting the site on the North-South direction, but it was also decided that we need some internal connection in the first stage due to construction and modeling processes that happen in the more natural areas. This led to the need for a more developed internal connection, especially from a pedestrian point of view, but also road accesses for the different residential cars, but also for the construction machines.
96
Illustration of paths in the area, the black is the excising while the red is the ones we would like to create or optimize.
Minor paths inside the site, showing how the paths could follow the water system, ether located along the streams or crossing lake areas.
The drawing shows how the connection from north to south could meet and merge with the industrial are.
97
Water The water system took up a fair amount of time in the design process, due to the nature of the project (“Living with Water�). As such, incorporating the water in every element of urban life inside the site was crucial. The process started from a more diagrammatical representation, where it was decided what was wanted and where to place the more technical elements. This process was done in tandem with the calculations.
98
The system of Østre Å and Kjærds Mølle Sø is connected in the attempt of creating a gathered system.
The system of Østre Å and Kjærds Mølle Sø is connected in the attempt of creating a gathered system.
Vestre Landgrøft is opened and two retention ponds are created along it. Østre Å is left in its original shape and only used to fill the middle retention pond when needed, in terms of having a clear water surface.
Illustration of technical proposal in terms of controlling the outlet from the different retention ponds and streams.
99
Nature and public spaces The sketching of this layer was more focus on the atmosphere of certain zones that we wanted to highlight. As such, color played an important role, all the more so when considering that the color of the nature system changes throughout the year. The public space system was designed so that we could obtain a fluid system that connects in all points, the only difference being the textures used to highlight more important directions. The main design element is the making of our “blue promenade�, where we have a pathway that connects the south-west and north point of the site through all 3 important elements: the industrial (the steps), the water and the nature.
100
Extension of public space from the center of industrial area towards the new lake.
The edge along the lake is softened up, by divided it in to steps moving down toward the water. Built structures are extended in to the water, creating new public spaces.
On this illustration, proposal for the shape of the public space, that meets the water, is drawn.
101
Proposal for structures going in to a potential wetland in the middle are.
102
Suggestion for use of the industrial center, were the old buildings could be used for minor shops and workshops.
103
Buildings The built environment was also one of the main focuses of our design process, since it represents one of the main factors in “Living with Water�. We though of combining a more temporary living unit (from an activity perspective, not a built one) with the more permanent ones, and as such decided on 2 types of typologies: the student housing and the terp housing. In sketching them, we followed the more rigid, industrial lines due to positioning the student housing in the industrial area, and the more natural, organic lines when positioning the terps (houses build on elevated natural hills). An important part of the process was also thinking what would happen to the activities when the existing industrial building will have to be renovated. The can move either into the public spaces and make use of their temporary qualities, or they can be integrated in the student housing units, seeing as the floor plan is considered flexible.
104
Floating dwellings joint to a fixed structure.
Floating platforms for use of different activities, joint to a floating structur.
Extension of exciting industrial buildings.
Gathered unit of houses placed on terps.
105
Single dwellings connected to a structure are spreading out, beginning from the industrial extending towards the lake site.
Taking its starting point from the center of the industrial area, the built structure spreads out in a range. Unlike the two in the left, the dwellings are here gathered in minor units.
Single dwellings are connected to parallel structures starting from the old railway path that runs across the site.
On this drawing both single and gathered units dwellings are combined in a structure.
106
Pictures from the Workshop showing the outcome of the dwelling and site development from the two groups.
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Non-return valve Outlet3
Inlet3 Outlet2
Inlet2 Outlet1
Inlet1
InďŹ ltration basin
Normal situation
Normal situation Retention pond
Inlet1 Retention pond
Inlet1
New stream
Inlet2 Outlet 1
New stream
Inlet2 Outlet 1
New lake
Inlet 3 Outlet 2
New lake
Inlet 3 Outlet 2
Østerå
Non-return valve Outlet 3 Østerå
Non-return valve Outlet 3
Flooding
Flooding es of basins – separate stormwater Retention pond
tion basins are centralized Inlet1 on.
Retention pond
New stream
Inlet2 Outlet 1
New stream
New lake
Inlet 3 Outlet 2
New lake
Østerå
Non-return valve Outlet 3 Østerå
Infiltration basin
th treat the Inlet nd reduce 1 c effects on surface waters
f urban drainage – A&D 7. semester
Inlet2 Outlet 1
Inlet 3 Outlet 2
Jes Vollertsen
Non-return valve Outlet 3
27
Beregn
Regnkurve karakteristika Northing (WGS84 ZONE 32) Easting (WGS84 ZONE 32) Årsmiddelnedbør [mm] Middelværdi ekstrem døgnnedbør DMI Klimagrid [mm/dag] Gentagelsesperiode (år) Sikkerhedsfaktor (Fra Skrift 27)
6322923 557584 669 Beregnes ud fra N og E koordinater 27,7 Beregnes ud fra N og E koordinater 10 1 Defineret i Skrift 27, Faktor til beskrivelse af usikkerhed, klima, mv. Typisk 1.0 - 1.8
Design regnkurve Varighed (min) 1 2 5 10 30 60 180 360 720 1440 2880
zT (µm/s) 42,80 37,69 28,48 21,32 11,31 6,91 3,30 2,03 1,20 0,73 0,41
S{zT} (µm/s) 4,97 3,95 2,14 1,83 1,24 0,94 0,40 0,15 0,12 0,07 0,04
f*zT (µm/s) 42,80 37,69 28,48 21,32 11,31 6,91 3,30 2,03 1,20 0,73 0,41
Side 1
Regression (µm/s) 42,47 37,75 28,80 21,23 11,27 7,11 3,27 1,98 1,19 0,71 0,43
Beregn
Ledningsdimensionering CDS karakteristika
CDS-regn varighed (min) Tidsskridt (min) Asymmetri koefficient
Bassindimensionering opstrøms udløb Oplandskarakteristika
240 1 0,5
Befæstet areal (ha) Hydrologisk reduktionsfaktor (-) Afskærende lednings kapacitet (l/s)
NB. Frekvens- og sikkerhedsfaktorer på regnen indgår ved beregning af bassinvolumen
ed, klima, mv. Typisk 1.0 - 1.8
CDS regn Tid (min) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
45 1 500
Volumen af bassin
Intensitet (µm/s) 0,728936485 0,73369702 0,738530951 0,74344007 0,748426225 0,753491331 0,758637364 0,763866371 0,769180469 0,774581849 0,780072779 0,785655609 0,791332773 0,797106794 0,802980286
Plot af CDS regn: Tilpas SERIE(..) i CDS regn til at plotte fra H18 til H257
12742 m3 Effekten af koblede regn ER inkluderet (20 % ekstra volumen)
Mellemresultater svarende til Skrift 16 Dvs. at effekt af koblede regn IKKE er indkluderet i mellemresultaterne. Reduceret areal (ha) Afløbstal (mu-m/s Varighed (h) Vr,k (mm)
Side 2
45,00 1,11 2,19 23,60
Vestre Langgrøft Normal situation Q = F total * i Catchment F total i (runoff) Q Q (normal)
100 - 500 150 1,5 9,7 14,6 0,015
ha ha km2 l/(s km2) l/s m3/s
www.miljoegis.mim.dk estimate Afstrømningsforhold i danske vandløb (PDF) http://www2.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/fr340.pdf
1 year flooding Q
0,15 m3/s
Vestre Landgrøft gets its water from several branches southwest of the site. In these branches, there will be several detention ponds with controlled outlets. This will prevent the water flow in Vestre Landgrøft from becoming larger than 150 l/s in a flooding situation.
0,45 m3/s
Once every 20 years, the amount of water could be expected to be tripled the annual flood peak.
20 year flooding Q
Pipe dimensions Outlet 1 = Outlet 3 = Q (flow) = 0,015 m3/s
Q (flow) Q = A*V V (velocity) A = Q/V Pipe A r D
0,015 m3/S 1 m/s 0,01455 m2
Ď€r2
m2 0,07 m 0,14 m
estimate
1 year flooding Outlet = 0,015 m3/s Inlet = Q (flow) = 0,15 m3/s Volume Detention pond New stream New lake Sum total
(m3) Time (min) Time (hr) 1075 132 2 3950 486 8 6100 751 13 11125 1369 23
Retention pond Inlet 1 Outlet 1 Qup
0,150 m3/s 0,015 m3/s 0,135 m3/s
h (pr. level) A Volum
0,5 250 125
0,5 700 350
0,5 m 1200 m2 600 m3
t t (filled up)
923 15
2584 43
4430 sec 74 min
New stream Inlet 2 Outlet 2 Qup
0,150 m3/s 0,015 m3/s 0,135 m3/s
h (pr. level) A Volum
0,5 1500 750
0,5 2400 1200
t t (filled up)
5537 92
8859 148
New lake Inlet 3 Outlet 3 Qup
0,150 m3/s 0,015 m3/s 0,135 m3/s
0,5 m 4000 m2 2000 m3
h (pr. level) A Volum
0,5 3500 1750
0,5 4000 2000
0,5 m 4700 m2 2350 m3
14766 sec 246 min
t t (filled up)
12920 215
14766 246
17350 sec 289 min
20 year flooding Outlet = 0,015 m3/s Inlet = Q (flow) = 0,45 m3/s Volume Detention pond New stream New lake Sum total
(m3) Time (min) Time (hr) 1075 41 3950 151 6100 233 11125 426
Retention pond Inlet 1 Outlet 1 Qup
0,450 m3/s 0,015 m3/s 0,435 m3/s
1 3 4 7
h (pr. level) A Volum
0,5 250 125
0,5 700 350
0,5 m 1200 m2 600 m3
t t (filled up)
287 5
804 13
1378 sec 23 min
New stream Inlet 2 Outlet 2 Qup
0,450 m3/s 0,015 m3/s 0,435 m3/s
New lake Inlet 3 Outlet 3 Qup
0,450 m3/s 0,015 m3/s 0,435 m3/s
h (pr. level) A Volum
0,5 1500 750
0,5 2400 1200
0,5 m 4000 m2 2000 m3
h (pr. level) A Volum
0,5 3500 1750
0,5 4000 2000
0,5 m 4700 m2 2350 m3
t t (filled up)
1722 29
2756 46
4593 sec 77 min
t t (filled up)
4019 67
4593 77
5397 sec 90 min
ANALYSIS
120
121