First Out, Last In amid COVID-19: Employment Vulnerability of Youths in the Middle East

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low probability of landing jobs. This probability peaked in July or August, and has abated since. Interestingly among Jordanian women, youths are significantly more likely to search for jobs if they are not employed, and thus less likely to remain OLF.

Figure 7. Predicted probability of main job/activity by survey wave, Jordan, by age-group and sex

i. Male youths

i. Male non-youths

iii. Female youths

iv. Female non-youths

Source: Authors’ calculations based on ERF COVID-19 Household Monitors, waves 1–5.

Model robustness tests The dynamic multinomial logistic model applied here has many theoretical and empirical merits, but some limitations and potential pitfalls should be acknowledged. This section discusses the potential issues and, where available, reports the results of tests and alternative estimations.

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