The global publishing trajectory of a European political science community: indices, trends, and imp by Observatorio Diasporas

The global publishing trajectory of a European political science community: indices, trends, and implications

Arno Tausch, Visiting Professor of Economics, Corvinus University, Budapest and Adjunct Professor of Political Science, Innsbruck University

Abstract: This article estimates the global publishing activities of a European political science community (Austria). We first provide OCLC Worldcat figures (“libcitation figures”) on the global library outreach of this community (best placed books, and the number of works present at 300+ and 100+ global libraries). We also analyse their results for three important Western scientific “subcultures” (France, Japan and Sweden), and try to find the determinants of the global library presence indicators. Journal publishing is the key to understanding global and regional libcitation success rates. We also extend our analysis to look into the presence of the analysed scientific community in the libraries of international bureaucracies and Western security establishments. For more than 70 senior researchers, we also developed an index of global publishing market presence, based on 15 subcomponents. The article arrives at a very positive assessment of the globalized trajectory of Austrian political science during the last decade.

This article attempts to provide first estimates of the global library presence of a smaller European social science community on the level of 72.000 global libraries in 171 countries, now integrated into the OCLC Worldcat. 1 We also look at the determinants of the success rates and arrive at the conclusion that journal publishing makes the difference: we can estimate that a European social scientist with 20 Scopus-indexed articles on her or his record will reach with the best-placed book publication around 600 libraries, and there will be at least another book publication, making it to at least 300 or more libraries. Journal publishing is the single and most solid success strategy. Based on our indicators, summarized in Table 1, and based on our statistical analyses, authors, academic administrators and the publishing industry alike are being offered relatively “safe” predictors for future global market success, if we assume that the trajectory of Austrian political science is a good indicator for similar other social science communities: the methodology developed here could well serve to be replicated for any other group of scientists in the social sciences and the humanities across the globe. With shrinking book publishing markets all around us, we also look at the presence of the analysed scientific community in a segment of the global market, which has been hitherto more or less neglected by both authors and publishers alike – the international bureaucracies and the security establishments. We develop some indicators to assess benchmarks in this direction as well. Stated at the outset, it would be a gross misunderstanding of this article if it were to be interpreted as yet another attempt to arrive at a new measure of “academic quality”. We are only concerned about markets and sales opportunities, pure and simple. In a way, we share “eschatological reservations” about usual approaches to bibliometry and scientometry, based on quotation patterns and the numbers of citations of a scholar or a group of scholars. Our lists and tables also contain some preliminary answers to the implicit, but very important and absolutely untrivial question for global younger social scientists: which international book producers were the most successful in distributing the products of a political science community of more than 300 researchers from a small developed European democracy on global markets? Which publishers seem to bother about these Austrian authors at all? If “the Austrians” successfully could place their manuscripts with them, can researchers in Canada, Paraguay, Zambia or Vietnam attempt to do the same with good reason? Of course, our materials are only rough first estimates, based on the experience of a particular social science community, but nevertheless they have 4

an important message for other countries. For the purposes of this article, we also analyze the publishing trajectory of 73 senior Austrian political scientists in greater detail, arriving at the analysis of 15 all-encompassing indicators, ranging from global market presence and geographical diversity of library outreach to journal presence and impact, geographical diversity of journal publishing and the attention given to the works of Austrian political scientists by Western and global decision makers, measured by the presence of their works in the main libraries of the European Union, the United Nations and the NATO Defense Establishment (Pentagon Library; see Table 1 with the list of indicators used). Let’s turn first to the dire facts of the very basics of the global science publishing market. Currently, the Social Science Research Network in New York (SSRN) is the most comprehensive freely available and prior to publication review-process based social science archive in the world, and it currently has 237,542 authors who authored 417,317 papers, which were downloaded 69,658,263 times.2 That figure looks rather impressive, but we have to consider that it reflects the total global social science community reflected in the SSRN. During the last 12 months, there were 11,359,627 downloads (843,837 during the last 30 days). That makes an average of total 293 downloads per author during the entire lifetime of the archive since the 1990s, even if these materials are available for free. The average global social scientist thus gets an attention of only 3.6 downloads per month; and 47.8 downloads per year.3 There are also other, rather shocking details available about the geographical limitations of the current global social science market. Alexa, a company offering freely accessible information about web traffic, 4 claims that the electronic visits to the entire Social Science Research Network in New York are still concentrated to 35.1% in the United States, followed by India (8.4%), the Netherlands (4.7%), United Kingdom (2.9%), Australia (2.9%), Canada (2.6%), Spain (2.5%), Germany (2.4%), Russia (2.1%) and Brazil (2.0%), even though access to the archive is completely free. Thus, these countries already constitute 65.6% of the estimated potential global social science market. To further estimate the limited global potential of world social science readership, we also looked at the main English language Wikipedia article on “political science”, which scored only 70.000 monthly downloads,5 in comparison to the some 140.000 downloads of the main English language Wikipedia article on “sociology”,6 and the respective article on “economics”,7 which registered some 160.000 monthly downloads. Thus download figures for the term “political science” on Wikipedia are about the same as those for “astrology” and “astronomy”, but only a third of the current motor racing champion Mr. Sebastian Vettel and 1/10 of the term “sex”. 8 Respective monthly download figures for the Wikipedia articles on “political science” in other languages are the following (rounded figures): 5

Spanish: 60.000 9 Russian: 20.000 10 Portuguese: 13.000 11 German: 7.000 12 French: 7.000 13 Polish: 6.000 14 Arabic: 5.000 15 Turkish: 3000 16 Italian: 3000 17 Chinese: 2.000 18 Farsi: 1000 19 These figures suggest that the English, Spanish and Russian language markets will become very important for political scientists in the years to come.20

The pressures of globalization To gain more systematic insights into sales and marketing aspects of our profession is all the more important, since from the 1980s onwards, the basic conditions for the production of social scientific knowledge in many countries have changed. The processes of globalization, downsizing, production transfer et cetera have not halted at the doors of book publishing for the social sciences in many countries, including Europe, and more and more, precarious contractual conditions characterize the life perspectives of the great majority of the profession, authors and publishers alike. Restrictions on state budgets have led to severe cuts in available funds for research, teaching, and academic administration, and the days of state-subventioned studies and book production, which were especially important in the early and middle stages of the development of Austrian political science, are gone. The introduction of University ranking systems has increased the pressure on members of the social scientific disciplines; and while in the beginnings of a scientific discipline book publishing was still considered to be the ultimate aim of a scientistsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; publication activity, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s now the journal article in the peer-reviewed scholarly journals which counts. If these tendencies were already present throughout much of the 1990s and the first decade of the new Millennium, the economic crisis of 2008 added an additional momentum: markets in the North Atlantic arena have contracted severely, and yet further deepening constraints in state budgets increased the already existing trends to evaluate scientific institutions for funding even more. 6

University ranking systems21 have become widespread, forcing scientists worldwide to go for publications, which are, as the jargon now goes, “index-relevant” or “ranking-relevant”. 22

On developing the methodology Usual attempts in the field of bibliometry23 are centered on the concept of citation patterns, 24 while the globalization of book production has seldom been studied in its totality. And yet, it is evident that in the fields of social sciences and the humanities, where book production is still considered to be a major channel of scientific output, such attempts must and should be made. The present article attempts then to apply so-called Libcitation measurement techniques, recently developed in the context of the Excellence in Research for Australia program to the scholarly publishing output of a European social science community. Libcitation, a term first coined in a published article by Howard D. White et al.,25 is a measure designed to estimate the global or also regional presence of authors, universities, research institutes or an entire scientific community on different markets:26 [The] […] measure introduced here is called the Libcitation. […] It is made on books. For a particular book (i.e., edition of a title), it increases by 1 every time a different library reports acquiring that book in a national or an international union catalog. Readers are invited to think of union catalogs in a new way: as “librarians’ citation indexes.” The idea is that, when librarians commit scarce resources to acquiring and cataloging a book, they are in their own fashion citing it, just as scholars do when they refer to it in new works of their own; both are engaged in bibliographic speech acts. As these “librarians’ citations” accrue differentially to different books in union catalogs, we gain data for a new indicator. The number of libraries holding a book at a given time constitutes its Libcitation count. Counting the presence of author’s or even publishing companies’ outputs in Union catalogues is a straightforward methodology to ascertain something like the “real market weight”. White et al. point to the fact that: “Whereas traditional citation counts reflect judgments by authors’ peers on publications useful to them, Libcitation counts reflect judgments by librarians on the usefulness of publications for their various audiences of readers. The Libcitation measure thus resembles a citation impact measure in discriminating values of publications on a defined ground. It rewards authors whose books (or other publications) are seen by librarians as having relatively wide appeal. A book’s absolute appeal can be determined simply by counting 7

how many libraries hold it, but it can also be gauged in relation to other books in its subject class.” Since there is a very close working relationship between scholarly and teaching activities and the respective libraries at Universities around the world, we can only emphasize the point made by White et al. “We anticipate the cry, “But librarians aren’t like citers; they don’t know anything!” It is true that librarians rarely make new knowledge claims and are seldom considered the peers of the scientists and scholars who do. Nevertheless, what they acquire and record in union catalogs involves the wide cultural literacy that is at the heart of librarianship. On the service front, Libcitations reflect librarians’ knowledge of audiences—their approximate sizes, the topics that interest them, their degrees of expertise, and their localized concerns (e.g., what is important to Australians as opposed to non-Australians). On the book front, Libcitations reflect what librarians know about the prestige of publishers, the opinions of reviewers, and the reputations of authors. The latter may be colored by, for example, authors’academic affiliations, previous sales, prizes, awards, distinguished appointments, mass media coverage, Web presence, and citedness. All of these are signals of what readers are likely to want, and librarians must be attuned to them. A book’s Libcitation count is thus its holdings count in a union catalog seen in a different light. Holdings counts are an unobtrusive measure that cannot be altered by researchers changing their behavior. They cannot easily be “gamed,” assuming current standards of record keeping. They may change over time, but data on them already have accumulated for many years in several union catalogs, and millions of them are by now quite stable.” Even if we could theoretically assume that “non-scientific, non-market pressure” by scientists could influence the book ordering policies of a few departments or libraries, a strong position of a given political scientist in the library holdings of more than 72.000 libraries around the globe cannot be the product of coincidence or collusive pressure alone. Librarians, first of all, listen to the ordering wishes from the respective faculties and academic departments at their institutions, secondly, they, for themselves, also evaluate the current literature reviews and even international press articles to round up their opinions on the developments of a given discipline and their implications for catalogue development. In attempting to perform such a first analysis of the metrics of the publications process of a smaller European social science community, we have had however to bear several points in mind. First, even using technically advanced systems like the Worldcat, or the technically equally advanced Swedish and the Japanese Union catalogues, 27 such a project cannot but escape the cumbersome and troublesome details of bibliometrics, even constituted by such simple phenomena as namesakes. 28 Thus, the academic CVs of authors 8

had to be consulted in order to avoid terrible errors and omissions. 29 Such a project as the current one de facto means wading through dozens and dozens of scientific CVs, and even so, the possibility of error remains, and apologies are being offered for all those affected by them. Secondly, the union catalogues chosen to assess the availability of works around the globe must be able to provide the bibliometric researcher with a fast interface and a clear separation of different works. In terms of exactness and fastness, our chosen catalogues in Table 1 seem to present a good first choice and preference over other available catalogues, still left out from the project. The Japanese and Swedish library union catalogues also allow the ranking of the works of authors, titles or keywords on a given subject or even the output of entire book publishing companies by the frequency of library holdings in the country. 30 In terms of unequivocal author identification, simplicity, speed and handling, the Japanese Union catalogue is really a shining example for other library communities to follow. We also have to emphasize that authors publishing only in German or in other European languages find it much harder to reach global markets than authors, who presented their works in English in the first place. A good work published with a leading German language book company will often reach only 40, 50, or 100 global libraries. Even high-quality English language books might find it sometimes hard to find an appropriate library outreach of more than 50 libraries, especially if the price of a book is high or if the publisher’s marketing facilities are not so well developed. A global social scientific marketing star, sociologist Prof. Ronald T. Inglehart, reaches with an American University Press publisher 1236 global libraries, while with a renown Canadian publisher only global 174 libraries (http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?search-authortxt=%22Inglehart%2C+Ronald%22). It would be sheer nonsense to believe that book number 1 by colleague Inglehart is 7 times “better” or “more important” than book number 2, because it achieved 7 times more library holdings. Below, we provide some very typical data which underline our point – the global library presence of various political science journals, published in German and in English. In no way, global library presence may be interpreted as an indicator of “scientific quality”; and in addition, there are troublesome details of international book distribution and also sometimes absent listings of works in the United States Library of Congress, which sometimes seem to determine that works even with renown international publishers or authors [almost] completely are invisible for the “radar screens” of the OCLC system. 31 Table 1 lists our straightforward, and “easy to click” indicators. Our approach is only a beginning and is understood as an invitation for others to analyze the output of any given scientific community by similar methods. 9

Table 1: Our indicators of globalization of the publishing of a European social science community Variable Acronym 1 GLOBAL MARKET PRESENCE

2-3

GLOBAL MARKET PRESENCE

GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSITY OF LIBRARY OUTREACH

JOURNAL PRESENCE

Concept Global library outreach of the bestseller number 1 according to „OCLC Classify“ number of works with a global library presence of 100/300 or more global libraries (both versions were used) Maximum Library Outreach in France (library outreach of the bestseller number 1 in the respective country) Maximum Library Outreach in Sweden (library outreach of the bestseller number 1 in the respective country) Maximum Library Outreach in Japan (library outreach of the bestseller number 1 in the respective country) Number of works available in the People's Republic of China (China Union Catalogue) number of articles in peer

Source http://classify.o clc.org/classify2 /

Note to be ranked by "holdings" in global libraries. Informations about OCLC at http://www.oclc.org/home.en.html Member libraries: http://www.oclc.org/contacts/libraries.en.html

http://classify.o to be ranked by "holdings" in global libraries. Informations clc.org/classify2 about OCLC at http://www.oclc.org/home.en.html /

http://ccfr.bnf.fr /portailccfr/

an author’s works, ranked by holdings in “SUDOC” (French Union catalogue)

http://libris.kb.s e/form_extende d.jsp?f=ext

an author’s works, ranked by library holdings in the Swedish Union catalogue LIBRIS

http://ci.nii.ac.jp an author’s works, ranked by library holdings in the /books/?l=en Japanese Union catalogue

http://opac.calis .edu.cn/

number of works – the default search option in the Chinese language interface is the correct option to search for authors

http://www.else

data network Vienna University, journal master lists at

AND IMPACT

reviewed journals according to SCOPUS

JOURNAL PRESENCE AND IMPACT

number of contributions in peer reviewed journals according to EBSCO HOST Scopus-indexed article with the highest citation in SCOPUS journals

GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSITY OF JOURNAL PUBLISHING GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSITY OF JOURNAL PUBLISHING

number of articles in the majority of the peerreviewed journals in Eastern Europe and Russia (CEEOL) journal articles indexed in the DIALNET network for Spain, Portugal and Latin America (DIALNET), covering most of the scientific journals published on the Iberian Peninsula and in Latin America

ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE WORKS BY WESTERN AND GLOBAL DECISION MAKERS ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE WORKS BY

Number of works in the European Union Library ECLAS

vier.com/online -tools/scopus

http://www.scimagojr.com/ Scopus, generally, by far exceeds the journal coverage of the “Web of Knowledge”, and includes the Austrian political science journal, the ÖZP, for a number of years now http://www.ebsc data network Vienna University – only articles in peer ohost.com/ reviewed journals in all databases of EBSCO were listed; journal master lists at http://www.ebscohost.com/title-lists http://www.else data network Vienna University; only references to vier.com/online SCOPUS-indexed articles are counted in the system. This -tools/scopus may limit number of citations but increases the exactness of results. http://www.cee journal master list at ol.com/aspx/Sea http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/publicationlist.aspx The rchArticles.aspx archive also contains many full-text access documents. http://dialnet.un irioja.es/

http://ec.europa. eu/eclas/F

to be searched for "autores"; journal master list at http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/portadarevistas. The Index also contains journals which are of special importance to readers in the region from outside Spain, Portugal and Latin America; for example from Italy and France. In a way, it can be described as a good mirror image of the Iberian and Ibero-american social science world view. The archive also contains many full-text access documents. none

Number of works in the main http://unbisnet.u none United Nations Library n.org:8080/ipac 11

WESTERN AND GLOBAL DECISION MAKERS ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE WORKS BY WESTERN AND GLOBAL DECISION MAKERS

UNBISNET

international articles for peer-reviewed journals indexed in the Pentagon Library

20/ipac.jsp?prof ile=bib&menu= search#focus http://www.whs .mil/library/

limit results options: only articles from peer reviewed journals are listed (excluding Newspaper Articles, Dissertation/Thesis, Book Reviews); Pentagon social science journals master list: http://whs.mil.campusguides.com/content.php?pid=291391 &sid=2540307

Magnificent, as the Worldcat is, it still only very superficially integrates vast spaces of the landmass of our globe, and as yet does not provide us with sufficient information on the library holdings of rising scientific giants like Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Much of Africa is almost completely left out of the picture, as is the coverage for most Latin American countries, which is also to be considered as poor. Of the 72.000 libraries now included, more than 4.000 of them, including in many developing countries, are the libraries of the Family History research libraries of the religious denomination of the Latter Day Saints. “Magnificent Worldcat” above all means a magnificent coverage of countries like the US, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, or South Africa, while in Paraguay 15 of the 16 listed libraries are these Family History research libraries of the Latter Day Saints.32 The Paraguayan member libraries of “Worldcat” do not include the major already existing union catalogue of the country, the “Catálogo bibliográfico de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción”, freely available online. 33 Such biases can be shown for almost any developing country nowadays. Still, „OCLC Classify“is an easy to handle, universally available and freely accessible website. In its startling simplicity, if not vulgarity, it is next to an ideal instrument to assess the market impact of an author at a single stroke with a single measurement valid for the entire globe: the number of libraries reached by his best, second best, and third best placed book et cetera. At the same time, this way of measurement is much more market-decision based than analyses based on citation patterns, which tell us hardly anything about the geographical aspects of the world distribution of knowledge. A librarian or a library community, in addition, has to spend scarce resources on each purchased book, and their decision to buy an academic title, often at the price of 70$, 80$, or more, is a real decision to devote scarce resources. Our chosen indicators take into account the all-too-well-known fact that the global audiences in the social sciences are hardly known. Usual attempts at citation based rankings try to measure the standing of scientists with other members of the science community, and hardly with the global public at large. Since publishers, with justification, regard global and geographically broken down sales figures as a well-guarded secret, available only to the publisher(s) and their author(s), and since the usual alternative - available bestseller rankings from Internet bookstores - are but a very unreliable indicator of the development of the global publishing market, and change frequently over time, we are practically left to work only with this relatively new methodology. So, our methodology is based on the analysis of:

1. Global library presence, centered around the maximum outreach that the most widely distributed book achieves, and – in addition – the number of works which became a global classic, present at 100 or 300 global libraries. These figures will be taken directly from the „OCLC Classify” for each of the authors of the Austrian political science community. 2. In addition, we will also look at the maximum market outreach patterns in financially strong library markets in the developed world, which, due to language, history or science culture, somewhat differ in their holding patterns from the more general trends, discernible from the „OCLC Classify“. Maximum outreach at the libraries of three such important subcultures of western book markets – France, Scandinavia (Sweden) and Japan, usually only go into dozens and not into hundreds of books, present at these libraries. In addition, we also look at the simple number of works now available in the union catalogue of the BRIC country China. Among the indicators there are also data about journal publishing. How do they determine global library presence rates? The crucial hypothesis of our work is that, in general terms, a strategy centered on publishing in the major peerreviewed social science journals will be extremely helpful, especially for younger authors to achieve and to increase global audiences. For more established members of the social scientific profession, publishing in major peer-reviewed journals will also be an ideal method to maintain and still further increase their global markets. Thus, the two respective phenomena, measured in our article, will be: 3. The presence of the works of an author in important science archives, like SCOPUS, EBSCO Host, and the frequency of citations of articles in SCOPUS, which is the most complete, comprehensive and technologically advanced science database in the world today. We do not say, however that competing journal literature index systems, like Proquest (formerly Cambridge Scientific Abstracts) and Thomson/Reuters Web of Knowledge should not be consulted in future. For reasons of simplicity, we have chosen EBSCO Host, which contains a large number of Western journals but also allows access to journal articles published in the Muslim world via the “Index Islamicus”. The importance of these emerging scientific markets was our main motive to use EBSCO Host instead of Thomson/Reuters Web of Knowledge34 4. The geographical diversity of journal publishing in important new social science markets, like those of Latin America and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and Russia.

Finally, we will also consider the presence on a market, which has all too often been neglected especially in the political science cultures of Europe: the presence of works in libraries of international bureaucracies and also of the international security apparatuses and the intelligence agencies. 35 Our easily available proxy measures for the presence of our works at such institutions are the number of works of an author held in the European Union Library ECLAS, the number of works held in the United Nations UNBISNET, and the number of international articles for peer-reviewed journals indexed in the Pentagon Library.

Selecting the producer sample The political science community in Austria as such was not so easily to be defined, and in the appendix to this article we list the names of the persons included in the sample (List of the websites consulted in drawing the sample; results listed in Appendix Table 1 and Appendix Table 4 and 5). In the first “screening process” of the global market presence of our political science community, we included all full professors, associate professors and assistant professors of the departments, where this subject is currently being taught as a subject of graduate studies. In addition, we attempted to integrate all adjunct professors (“Privatdozenten”) of all the major political science departments in the country, i.e. Innsbruck, Salzburg and Vienna. 36 We also included all current and also former external lecturers (as far as they are listed) of the departments concerned. We also included political scientists from the major political science think tanks in the country. The names of 332 persons – the largest ever collection of names of persons actively engaged in the political science discipline in Austria - were gathered in the course of this research effort. The second sample comprised the senior staff - persons, whom we found listed at the websites of their respective departments as full, associate, retired or adjunct professors 37 or as other senior research staff. 38 It is a reasonably small sample of 73 persons, which we then used for the analysis of the drivers of successful global publishing. In the course of our article, also the main preoccupations and the most salient contributions by the Austrian political science community to world social science scholarship emerge almost automatically and via the backdoor of the bestseller list in the appendix to this article (Appendix Table 3). Observers, publishing on the history of the discipline, usually take a rather pessimistic view about its trajectory, underlining the poor financial and personnel conditions of the departments, a limited output, a low ratio of citations of the flagship journal of the discipline – the Österreichische Zeitschrift für 15

Politikwissenschaft 39 – in other political science journals and the like. 40 Our view is by contrast quite optimistic: just as the journal products of our profession are ranked 3rd, 71st, and 101st out of global 244 political science journals, indexed in SCOPUS, i.e. at the very top and somewhere in the middle of the global scale, we also can show that, in empirical terms, a globalized successful hard core of Austrian political scientists has emerged over the last two decades, which, in terms of its global publications presence is on an equal footing with neighboring countries, and whose new classics in terms of book publishing and journal article publishing are truly competitive on an international level. 41

Defining the small global scholarly publishing market for European social science products We now look at the global market of Austrian political science, by analyzing the library holdings of the flagship journal of the Austrian political science profession, the Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, OeZP. 42 Scientific books hardly ever become real bestsellers, and European political science is no exception. The global library holdings of the journal, whose articles are still published mostly in German, set an interesting standard also for the 332 members of the Austrian political science community, analyzed in Appendix Table 1: all library circulation figures of 100+ are to be considered already as something extraordinary for the standards of the profession. 96 of the 332 scholars, i.e. almost 29%, have “made it” to such global library presence rates; and another 49 scholars – i.e. almost 15%, have “made it” to a global library presence of 50+ to 99 libraries. Here, we compare the global and regional library holdings of the OeZP in comparison to “Foreign Affairs”; the UNESCO’s flagship social science publication “International Social Science Journal”; the most prestigious global political science journal of the world, the “American Political Science Review”, appearing since 1906; the”International Political Science Review”; and the political science journals from Switzerland “Swiss Political Science Review”; the German “PVS – Politische Vierteljahresschrift”; as well as the Russian counterpart to “Foreign Affairs”, published in Russian, “Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia”; and finally the figures for the Austrian journal “ÖZP- Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft”. Our comparison, due to different editions and cataloguing, is only partially reliable, since we only took the pains to add together the many different holdings of editions of the ÖZP, while we relied on the single most important available circulation figures for the other mentioned journals from the “Worldcat”.43 The dire message of this 16

Table could be also stated in the following terms: If even a foreign language publication like the Russian language â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniiaâ&#x20AC;?, which was followed in the days of the Cold War by hundreds of security and defense experts, only makes it to 137 global libraries, then itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not scientific quality or political importance which matter, but a foreign language product on the Anglo-American dominated market, pure and simple. Seen in such away, a library outreach of 100 libraries is not a defeat but a victory.

Table 2: The global presence of different political and social science journals in the global libraries according to “Worldcat”

Global Library Holdings Share of the US market in % Market share of CND, AUS, NZ, NL, UK in % Holdings in the rest of the World in %

Foreign Affairs

Internation al Social Science Journal

American Political Science Review

International Political Science Review

Swiss Political Science Review

PVS – Politische Vierteljahr esschrift

Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarod nye otnosheniia

2274

1051

901

725

268

259

137

ÖZPÖsterreichisch e Zeitschrift für Politikwissens chaft 124

88,7

77,5

76,1

76,3

82,5

67,2

81,0

23,4

6,6

14,5

9,1

13,4

23,2

14,6

5,6

4,8

8,1

14,8

10,3

4,1

9,7

4,4

71,0

Certainly, compared to the German and Swiss political science journals, the Ă&#x2013;ZP could have still done better, but it can also be proud about its market share already reached.

The Austrian bestsellers: books with a global library presence of more than 300 libraries each The globalization critical content of the research of many of the successful Austrian political scientists notwithstanding, we can state in a provocative manner that their success all is owed 100% to the process of unfettered globalization of the social science discipline. Their success story to be analyzed here is closely linked to the marketing power of international publishing companies, which in between them published 100% of the new global classics of Austrian political science and made them available to 300+ libraries. In the case of Austria, these 26 companies, benefitting from the works of Austrian political scientists, were: Amsterdam UP Ashgate Berg, Oxford Cambria Cambridge UP Cornell UP Earthscan Edinburgh UP Elgar Haus, London Johns Hopkins UP L. Rienner Links, Berlin MIT Press Nova Science Publishers Oxford UP Palgrave Macmillan Peter Lang Pluto Praeger Routledge Sage 19

Springer U of Alabama Press U of Florida Press Zed Books Appendix Tables 1-3 now give us an insight into the trajectory of the top success of this political science community. Austrian political scientists found their niches on the international market, positively benefitted from the opportunities, which international journals and international book publishing companies offered, and â&#x20AC;&#x201C; regardless of their often globalization-critical content of their research, also benefitted from the incredible opportunities of globalized publishing. Appendix Table 3 and 4 highlight the export performances of Austrian scholars also in such different markets such as France or Japan. Three scholars from Austria already published with leading French language book publishing companies in French; and in Japan, the Japanese translations of the works of two Austrian political scientists became bestsellers. Tentatively, we might categorize the most successful 55 works, written by the 63 bestseller authors, listed in Appendix Table 3, as follows:

Table 3: the issues being dealt with in the 55 bestselling book projects Issue

migration, multiculturality, and discrimination of minority groups political systems in Western Europe European union Eastern Europe biology and politics global economy, globalization Islam, Middle East environmental policies European security Africa confronting the authoritarian past Feminism organizational sociology political campaigning world-wide social democracy 20

number of titles

% of all successful publication projects 21,82

11 7 5 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

20,00 12,73 9,09 5,45 5,45 5,45 3,64 3,64 1,82 1,82 1,82 1,82 1,82 1,82

welfare state Total

1 55

1,82 100,00

The above Table shows that “classical” issues of political science research and production in the history of this particular political science community like         

confronting the authoritarian past of Austria Eastern Europe European security European union Feminism political campaigning world-wide political systems in Western Europe social democracy welfare state

still make up 55% of the most successful 55 titles, while relatively more recent issues of political science research and publishing in Europe, like       

Africa biology and politics environmental policies global economy, globalization Islam, Middle East migration, multiculturality, and discrimination of minority groups organizational sociology

already constitute 45% of the most successful titles. Finally, we should also remark that 5 of the 63 bestseller authors, i.e. 8%, are already currently associated with the Austrian National Defense Academy or the German Armed Forces University. This is a major trend, observable also for other political science communities around Europe: in times of crisis of the “civilian” state institutions, the security apparatus becomes an increasingly important partner of the political science communities.

Some analytics for the publishers and the authors alike In the following, we analyze the relationships between our different indicators at the level of the 73 senior researchers under closer scrutiny in our article. To get insights into the possible drivers and bottlenecks of the global presence of authors, we present the Pearson correlation coefficients of the number of SCOPUS-indexed articles in Table 4. Quite interestingly enough, the scientific culture of the Scandinavian country Sweden seems to react most in parallel to the global trends, set by the major markets in the Anglo-Saxon western democracies, and the major other indices used also show a closer relationship with the SCOPUS documentation system. Market success in Eastern Europe, France and Japan is not necessarily directed connected with the global trend, and the question of language (articles or books submitted in the respective national languages) seems to be a decisive factor. In France and Japan, only authors who managed a publication in French or Japanese became more largely present in the respective library system.

Table 4: how today journal publishing determines almost everything

number of contributions in peer reviewed journals according to EBSCO HOST number of works with a global library presence of 300 or more global libraries journal articles indexed in the DIALNET network for Spain and Latin America (DIALNET) Maximum Library Outreach in Sweden Scopus-indexed article with the highest citation in SCOPUS journals Global library outreach of the bestseller number 1 according to â&#x20AC;&#x17E;OCLC Classifyâ&#x20AC;&#x153; Maximum Library Outreach in France Number of works available in the People's Republic of China (China Union Catalogue) 22

Pearson correlation with number of articles in Scopus 0,663 0,597 0,587 0,534 0,477 0,472 0,432 0,342

works with a global library presence of 100+ Number of works in the European Union Library ECLAS number of articles in peer-reviewed journals in Eastern Europe and Russia (CEEOL) Maximum Library Outreach in Japan

0,273 0,268 0,123 0,120

In Graph number 1 we analyze the relationship between the number of SCOPUS-based articles and the maximum global library outreach of the best placed book. Although the non-linear relationship for the 73 scientists under scrutiny here only explains 26% of the total variance, we can assume that the “OCLC Classify” best-seller figure is positively determined by SCOPUSindexed journal publishing, especially after a “threshold” of 10 articles has been reached. The risk for a publishing company to award a contract to such an author is much lower than awarding contracts to authors, who have less than 10 articles published in transnational scholarly journals.

Graph 1: number of SCOPUS-based articles and maximum global outreach of the best-placed book

The relationship analyzed in Graph 2 is even more clear-cut. The probability that authors with more than 10 or even 20 articles in global journals will guarantee to their publishers not only a single success but 2, 3 or even more global bestsellers is there to be seen.

Graph 2: number of SCOPUS-based articles and number of books with a library outreach of 300 +

Looking deeper into the matter In the following, we constructed 15 different UNDP-type indices 44 for the 73 senior researchers, for whom we were able to connect sufficient data out of the larger sample of 332 political science researchers. A UNDP type index projects data onto a scale, ranging from 0 to 1. 45 Library Presence across cultures is the mean of the seven sub indices, calculated the way described above, while journal publishing across cultures is the means of the five sub indices, and presence with European and global decision makers is the means of the three sub indices, mentioned here: 24

Library Presence across cultures  Global library outreach of the bestseller number 1 according to „OCLC Classify“  number of works with a global library presence of 300 or more global libraries  works with a global library presence of 100+  Maximum Library Outreach in France  Maximum Library Outreach in Sweden  Maximum Library Outreach in Japan  Number of works available in the People's Republic of China (China Union Catalogue) Journal publishing across cultures  number of articles in peer reviewed journals according to SCOPUS  number of contributions in peer reviewed journals according to EBSCO HOST  Scopus-indexed article with the highest citation in SCOPUS journals  number of articles in peer-reviewed journals in Eastern Europe and Russia (CEEOL)  journal articles indexed in the DIALNET network for Spain and Latin America (DIALNET) Presence with European and global decision makers  Number of works in the European Union Library ECLAS  Number of works in the United Nations UNBISNET  international articles for peer-reviewed journals indexed in the Pentagon Library We now can establish that journal publishing across cultures determines 53% of library presence across cultures:

Graph 3: culturally diversified journal publishing determines global market presence across cultures

We also can establish that culturally diversified journal publishing determines how European and global decision makers as well as the Western security establishment presumably listen to a scientific community. How could they listen if they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t even have their works in their library stacks or electronic networks? This relationship explains 46% of the total variance:

Graph 4: culturally diversified journal publishing also determines how European and global decision makers listen to a scientific community

It can also be established quite safely that the presence achieved by a scientific community in European and global decision making is far less dependent on global library presence than on journal publishing across cultures. Global library presence explains only some 30% of the presence of the scientific community analyzed here in European and global decision making.

Graph 5: the presence achieved by a scientific community with European and global decision makers is far less dependent on global library presence than on journal publishing across cultures (see also Graph 4)

With good reason, then, Deans nowadays tend to demand from their faculties that journal publishing takes priority. True enough, our concept of journal publishing is culturally diversified and includes  the number of articles in peer reviewed journals according to SCOPUS (the largest index system in the world)  the number of contributions in peer reviewed journals according to EBSCO HOST (the index system properly taking into account already journals in the Muslim world)  the Scopus-indexed article with the highest citation in SCOPUS journals (to take into account the quotation process in an index system, which practically excludes errors)  the number of articles in peer-reviewed journals in Eastern Europe and Russia (CEEOL) (to take into account the growing world economic role of Russia and Eastern Europe)  the journal articles indexed in the DIALNET network for Spain and Latin America (DIALNET) (to take into account the growing world economic role of Latin America) 28

For the European countries, still practicing the system of â&#x20AC;&#x153;habilitationâ&#x20AC;?, the consequences are dire: researchers spend their most productive time in their research life with producing (at least in most cases) a gigantic book, which hardly any global publisher will sell because of its sheer size and the high price of the book on the market. The production of such a book has no influence at all on University ranking systems, and the future of a younger scientist is exclusively or almost exclusively tied to a single work. The Anglo-Saxon world, for sure, practices its Ph.D. but then sets free the energies of younger researchers for article production for scholarly journals, relevant for University ranking systems. It is thus no wonder that for so many years, the Anglo-Saxon world has dominated international University ranking systems.

Conclusions and prospects Contracting markets in the main northern and western industrial countries have increased the trend for scientists and also book publishing companies to expand into different, emerging markets, and just as the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) have increased their economic presence on a global scale, so have their libraries become the target of expansion of transnational book publishing. In many ways, world economic relationships and also book publishing relationships, usually characterized by a sharp distinction between the rich western centers and the poorer semi-periphery and periphery countries, were put on their head and, in turn, producers and also publishing companies from the BRICS are expanding their transnational strategies. Increasingly, also libraries in the Arab countries and in the Muslim world in general become an interesting target for the international publishing industry. But still, only a very few countries of the world still actually contain larger concentrations of the readership of social science in the world, with the large markets, like the US, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the UK, taking up a disproportionate share of the world market. Only a few newly industrialized or industrializing countries, like Brazil, Russia, or Indonesia advance, while dozens, if not to say, hundreds of nations are still at the margin of the global scientific market. For our political science community under consideration here, it emerges that the top 20 among the analyzed 73 researchers achieved a really amazing international presence on all the fronts under consideration here (criteria: Table 1). 29

Table 5: the Overall Global Presence Index of Austrian political science (The top 20 among 72 senior researchers; all 15 indices combined) Researcher (Last name, first name) BAUBÖCK RAINER FALKNER GERDA MÜLLER WOLFGANG C HELMS LUDGER PELINKA ANTON HAERPFER CHRISTIAN GOTTWEIS HERBERT PLASSER FRITZ DÜR ANDREAS LAUBER VOLKMAR BRAND ULRICH PIATTONI SIMONA GEBREWOLD BELACHEW WERLHOF CLAUDIA VON POHORYLES RONALD KERNIC FRANZ LIEBHART KARIN LUIF PAUL GÄRTNER HEINZ SEGERT DIETER

Overall Global Presence Index 0,522 0,448 0,445 0,401 0,400 0,337 0,300 0,281 0,281 0,280 0,264 0,224 0,196 0,193 0,188 0,175 0,165 0,153 0,152 0,139

One could now compare endlessly the differences in scientific cultures across nations. To make a long story short, we compare in Table 6 the best placed individual from the group of Austrian political science researchers each with the global presence indicators of the first political scientist in the world to have won the Economics Nobel Prize, the late Professor Elinor Ostrom; and the current American Political Science Association President G. Bingham Powell Jr., currently the President of the most prestigious political science association of the world. In terms of the strategic categories of scientific world market strategies, we find that the number of articles in the high-impact factor peerreviewed journals, indexed in the Pentagon Library, makes the true difference 30

between the top levels of the world’s still leading political science community, the APSA, and the best-placed Austrian researchers.

Table 6: The balance sheet of the global presence of the Austrian political science community: the best placed Austrian political scientist in comparison to Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom and current APSA President G. Bingham Powell Jr. Indicator

Global library outreach of the bestseller number 1 according to „OCLC Classify“ number of works with a global library presence of 300 or more global libraries works with a global library presence of 100+ Maximum Library Outreach in France Maximum Library Outreach in Sweden Maximum Library Outreach in Japan Number of works available in the People's Republic of China (China Union Catalogue) number of articles in peer reviewed journals according to SCOPUS number of contributions in peer reviewed journals according to EBSCO HOST Scopus-indexed article with the highest citation in SCOPUS journals number of articles in peerreviewed journals in Eastern Europe and Russia (CEEOL) journal articles indexed in the 31

best-placed Austrian senior political scientist 1734

Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom

APSA President G. Bingham Powell Jr.

1279

2000

101

286

116

125

200

4406

DIALNET network for Spain and Latin America (DIALNET) Number of works in the European Union Library ECLAS Number of works in the United Nations UNBISNET international articles for peerreviewed journals indexed in the Pentagon Library

140

Thus, there is no alternative but to follow a journal-based publication strategy.

Appendix Political scientists from the staff and the lecturing personnel of the following institutions - Professors, Assistant Professors, Adjunct Professors, former or current lecturers, scientific staff members, retired academic staff

1. Austrian Institute for International Affairs http://www.oiip.ac.at/en/home.html 2. Austrian Ministry of Defense and Sports (senior staff) http://www.bmlv.gv.at/wissen-forschung/publikationen/person.php?id=5 and http://www.bmlv.gv.at/wissenforschung/publikationen/publikationen.php 3. Austrian National Defense Academy (senior staff) http://www.bundesheer.at/organisation/beitraege/lvak/ and http://www.bmlv.gv.at/wissen-forschung/publikationen/publikationen.php 4. Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution (ASPR) http://www.aspr.peacecastle.eu/aboutus/team/?PHPSESSID=889565c1eaffec5a6a50a55bcd235826 5. Centre for Social Innovation https://www.zsi.at/en/home 6. Department of Government, Vienna University http://staatswissenschaft.univie.ac.at/mitarbeiterinnen/ 7. Department of Political Science, Innsbruck University http://www.uibk.ac.at/politikwissenschaft/index.html.en 8. Department of Political Science, Salzburg University http://www.unisalzburg.at/index.php?id=53599&L=1&newsid=4591&f=0 9. Department of Political Science, Vienna University http://politikwissenschaft.univie.ac.at/en/department/ 10.Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Vienna, Department of Political Science http://www.ihs.ac.at/vienna/About-IHS-3/Stafflist-1.htm 11.Institute for European Integration Research, Vienna University http://eif.univie.ac.at/index-en.php 12.Institute of Conflict Research (IFK), Vienna http://www.ikf.ac.at/english/mitarb.htm

Appendix Table 1: The 332 Austrian political scientists (full sample) and their global market presence in 72.000 libraries in 171 countries according to „OCLC Classify“ (mid-September 2013 to mid-October 2013) Researcher (Last name, first name)

THURNER ERIKA BAUBÖCK RAINER GOTTWEIS HERBERT LIEBHART KARIN PLASSER FRITZ MÜLLER WOLFGANG C BUNZL JOHN GEBREWOLD BELACHEW LAUBER VOLKMAR HAUSER GUNTHER KERNIC FRANZ APPELT ERNA M. GEBHARD CARMEN PIATTONI SIMONA FALKNER GERDA KRITZINGER SYLVIA GUSTENAU GUSTAV E. HAERPFER CHRISTIAN OBINGER HERBERT HELMS LUDGER TREIB OLIVER HEINRICH HANS-GEORG WERLHOF CLAUDIA VON BRAND ULRICH WISSEN MARKUS PELINKA ANTON MOKRE MONIKA REITERER ALBERT F. LUTHER KURT RICHARD BISCHOF KARIN STÖGNER KARIN DÜR ANDREAS TAUSCH ARNO GÜNAY CENGIZ SCHMIDINGER THOMAS NOTERMANS TON WIELGOHS JAN CAIANI MANUELA ULRAM PETER

Global library outreach of the bestseller number 1 according to OCLC Classify 1734 1622 1421 840 829 807 749 740 738 718 718 710 704 625 601 598 597 594 584 557 525 509 502 490 490 448 428 428 424 406 406 369 356 335 328 327 316 314 314

number of works with a global library presence of 300 or more global libraries 1 5 3 1 3 4 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

works with a global library presence of 100+

2 11 4 1 7 9 5 3 5 2 3 1 1 5 4 1 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 29 4 2 5 2 1 2 7 1 1 3 4 3 3

HOCHGERNER JOSEF SAUER BIRGIT REITER ERICH GÄRTNER HEINZ KORNPROBST MARKUS CAMPBELL DAVID F. J. HÖLL OTMAR PRIBERSKY ANDREAS HACKL ELSA DIETRICH WOLFGANG GERLICH PETER HERMANN CHRISTOPH MANOSCHEK WALTER TÁLOS EMMERICH ROSENBERGER SIEGLINDE SCHMIDL ERWIN A. POHORYLES RONALD MÜCKLER HERMANN SEEBER GILG OSTNER ILONA WIMMER HANNES BIEGELBAUER PETER OPPELLAND TORSTEN PUNTSCHER-RIEKMANN SONJA MANGOTT GERHARD DACHS HERBERT KARLHOFER FERDINAND SCHNEIDER HEINRICH POLLAK JOHANNES KREISKY EVA KÖPL REGINA MALEK MARTIN LEY MICHAEL SLOMINSKI PETER BLAUBERGER MICHAEL SKUHRA ANSELM GÄRTNER REINHOLD TIEMANN GUIDO NEISSER HEINRICH TROY JODOK SEGERT DIETER BICHLBAUER DIETER AMESBERGER HELGA HALBMAYR BRIGITTE PRADETTO AUGUST RÖTTGER BERND EDER FRANZ LUIF PAUL SENN MARTIN ALECU DE FLERS NICOLE ERNST WERNER ANDERL GABRIELE

273 268 264 263 260 241 240 224 219 212 198 197 194 187 185 184 183 181 181 180 179 174 173 173

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 4 3 5 3 2 2 1 2 3 5 2 3 4 2 3 2 1 2 5 1 1 3 2

164 160 159 159 143 138 137 137 136 134 132 132 130 126 121 121 119 116 115 115 112 110 108 108 108 106 106 105

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

NOESSELT NELE DAWID EVELYN FRÖSCHL ERICH SCHALLER CHRISTIAN TRAUNER FLORIAN

103 102 101 101 100

0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1

From 50+ to 99 libraries: ATZMÜLLER ROLAND AUEL KATRIN BERNHARDT PETRA BIELFELDT CAROLA DVORAK JOHANN DZIHIC VEDRAN EHS TAMARA ETZERSDORFER IRENE FAUPEL KLAUS FEICHTINGER WALTER FILZMAIER PETER HEINISCH REINHARD C. HORAK ROMAN KIRCHHOFF SUSANNE KOLB MARINA KRAMER HELMUT KREUTLER-BECKER MAREN LIST EVELINE MELCHIOR JOSEF MICEWSKI EDWIN R. MICHALITSCH GABRIELE OLTEANU TINA OPITZ ANJA PALLAVER GÜNTHER PENZ OTTO

PESENDORFER WOLFGANG PILS RAMON PIRKER PETER POSCH WALTER RADONIC LJILJANA REITERER MICHAEL RIEGLER HENRIETTE RIEMER ANDREA ROITHNER THOMAS SANDNER GÜNTHER SCHEFBECK GÜNTHER SCHERB MARGIT SICKINGER HUBERT SPITALER GEORG STEGER GERHARD STIMMER GERNOT STOCKHAMMER NICOLAS THÖNDL MICHAEL UCAKAR KARL VETSCHERA HEINZ WEBER FRITZ WIMMEL ANDREAS WIMMER MICHAEL WÖHL STEFANIE

Below 50 libraries: AICHHOLZER JULIAN AKBULUT HAKAN ATAÇ ILKER BARGETZ BRIGITTE BECKSTEINER MARIO BLASI WALTER BOLKOVAC MARTIN BROCZA STEFAN 36

BURKERT-DOTTOLO GÜNTER CEKA EGIN CELIK EVREN CHARKIEWICZ EWA DENGG OLIVER DIALER DORIS DOLEZAL MARTIN DURNOVA ANNA

DZIEDZIC EWA EBNER GEORG EDER NIKOLAUS EGGER MANUELA EISELE OLGA EL-SAYED ADEL ENNSER LAURENZ ERTL PAUL GEORG FALLEND FRANZ FALTER MATTHIAS FEIERABEND DIETER FELDBAUER ERNST FEND WALTER FINK MARCEL FLATSCHART ELMAR FORSTER DAVID FORTIN-RITTBERGER JESSICA FRISCH WALTER GAISBAUER HELMUT GAMAUF-EBERHARDT URSULA GAUSTER MARKUS GEIß PAUL GERM ALFRED GERSTL ALFRED GOLLHAMMER JOCHEN GRAND PETER GRIESSER MARKUS GRIGAT STEFAN GRUBER ALEXANDER GRÜNEWALD ANDREAS GSCHIEGL STEFAN GUSENBAUER ALFRED HADDAD CHRISTIAN HAIDINGER BETTINA HAJEK KATHARINA HALLER BIRGITT HANCILOVA BLANKA HAUER GUDRUN HAUSER KRISTINA HAYDN FRANZISKA HEIDENWOLF CARMEN HUBER EVA HÜBNER KATHARINA HUSSL RICHARD JENNY MARCELO JOEL HARISON MARIE AIME JOHANN DAVID JOHNSTON-ARTHUR ARABA EVELYN 37

JUREKOVIC PEDRAG JUST PAUL KARAS OTHMAR KHITTEL STEFAN KIMMES JULIAN KINSKY LUCY KINZEL KATHARINA KLAUSSER BIRGIT KLIMBURG ALEXANDER KLYMENKO LINA KNAUDER BERNADETTE KOK FRANZ KÖNIG ERNST KÖNIG THOMAS KRAMER-FISCHER DORIT KRIEGER HELMUT KRYSL LUDWIG KÜBLER ELISABETH KÜFFNER CARLA KURTAN SANDOR KWIECINSKI AGNIESZKA LAKITSCH MAXIMILIAN LEFKOFRIDI ZOE LERCHER KERSTIN LICHTENWÖHRER THOMAS LITSAUER BARBARA LUDVIG ALICE LUDWIG GUNDULA MARSHALL DAVID MARTERBAUER MARKUS MATTES ASTRID MEYER SARAH MEYER THOMAS MICHAL SILVIA MIKLIN ERIC MIRTL PHILIPP MOURÃO PERMOSER JULIA MÜHLBÖCK ARMIN MÜHLBÖCK MONIKA NARBUTOVICH OLGA NATTER BERNHARD NAUE URSULA NEUGEBAUER MICHAEL NOREE AZAD NOUSSI KATHARINA NUSSBAUMER EVA OBERBAUER MAXIMILIAN OPRATKO BENJAMIN PALONI SARA

PEINTINGER TERESA PERGLER WOLFRAM PFARR DIETMAR PFEFFERLE ROMAN PICHLER MELANIE PLESCHBERGER WERNER PORTSCHY JÜRGEN POSPICHAL WALTER POSPISIL JAN PRAUSMÜLLER OLIVER PREISS HERBERT PROBST STEFAN PRUCHA NICO PÜHRETMAYER HANS PÜLZL HELGA PULLER ARMIN PULTAR ANNA PURKARTHOFER PETRA QUENDLER FRANZ RANDJBAR JASCHAR RASHKOVA-GERBRANDS EKATERINA ROSENBERG JAKOB RUTTNER FLORIAN SAITO JUN SCHEER GÜNTHER SCHEIBELHOFER PAUL SCHERHAUFER PATRICK SCHLÄGER TILL SCHMID GERLINDE SCHMIDT NADJA SCHUETZ-MUELLER INGFRID SCHWARZ VERA SEKLER NICOLA SIGALAS EMMANUEL SIGL LISA SOKIC NIKOLINA STADLER BETTINA

STADLMAIR JEREMIAS STARKBAUM JOHANNES STEINER GUENTHER STEININGER BARBARA STEIN-REDENT RITA STEURER WALBURG STREITFELLNER THOMAS STUPKA ANDREAS TABAKOW ROBERT THALHAMMER ANDREAS THIEL LOUISE TRAWEGER CHRISTIAN TWAROCH EVA TZANETAKIS MEROPI VALCHARS GERD WADE MANUELA WALLNER CORNELIA WEBER JÜRGEN WEIßMANN FLORIAN WENNINGER FLORIAN WILLMANN JOHANNA WINDHAGER FRITZ WINEROITHER DAVID M WINKLER ANNA KATHARINA WINKLER BIRGIT WINTERSBERGER HELMUT WINTERSTEIGER MARIO WINTSCHALEK WALTER WITJES NINA WOLFGRUBER-FANKHAUSER ELISABETH WOLF-WICHA BARBARA WYDRA DORIS ZAHRADNIK KATHARINA ZAK ELVIRA ZEGLOVITS EVA ZEILINGER BERNHARD ZEITEL-BANK NATASCHA

Appendix Table 2: The ranking of the global library presence of 332 scientists46 – Component Indices and Overall Index of Global Market Presence (only the Top 20 are mentioned)

Researcher (Last name, first name)

Global library outreach of the bestseller number 1 according to „OCLC Classify“

BAUBÖCK RAINER PELINKA ANTON MÜLLER WOLFGANG C GOTTWEIS HERBERT PLASSER FRITZ THURNER ERIKA GEBREWOLD BELACHEW LUTHER KURT RICHARD LAUBER VOLKMAR FALKNER GERDA HAERPFER CHRISTIAN OBINGER HERBERT HELMS LUDGER BUNZL JOHN WERLHOF CLAUDIA VON PIATTONI SIMONA LIEBHART KARIN KERNIC FRANZ HAUSER GUNTHER APPELT ERNA M.

0,935 0,258 0,465 0,819 0,478 1,000 0,427 0,245 0,426 0,347 0,343 0,337 0,321 0,432 0,290 0,360 0,484 0,414 0,414 0,409

number of works with a global library presence of 300 or more global libraries 1,000 0,600 0,800 0,600 0,600 0,200 0,600 0,600 0,400 0,400 0,400 0,400 0,400 0,200 0,400 0,200 0,200 0,200 0,200 0,200

works with a global library presence of 100+

Global Presen ce Index

Rank

0,379 1,000 0,310 0,138 0,241 0,069 0,103 0,172 0,172 0,138 0,103 0,103 0,103 0,172 0,103 0,172 0,034 0,103 0,069 0,034

0,772 0,619 0,525 0,519 0,440 0,423 0,377 0,339 0,333 0,295 0,282 0,280 0,275 0,268 0,264 0,244 0,240 0,239 0,228 0,215

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Appendix Table 3: The 55 bestsellers of Austrian Political Science – books with a global library circulation of 300+ as of October 13, 2013

Global library outreach of the bestseller according to „OCLC Classify“ 710

Researcher (Last name, first name)

Title

Location and Publisher of the main work and year of publication

Transnational Book Publishing Company

Combatting racial discrimination : affirmative action as a model for Europe Citizenship policies in the new Europe

Oxford : Berg, 2000

Berg

Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2007

Amsterdam UP

1725

APPELT ERNA M. (Innsbruck University) BAUBÖCK RAINER (EUI Firenze, Austrian Academy of Sciences, formerly Institute of Advanced Studies, Vienna) BAUBÖCK RAINER BAUBÖCK RAINER

923

BAUBÖCK RAINER

333

BAUBÖCK RAINER

Amsterdam UP

1023

Acquisition and loss of nationality policies and trends in 15 European states Migration and citizenship legal status, rights and political participation Diaspora and transnationalism concepts, theories and methods Transnational citizenship : membership and rights in international migration

1739

Amsterdam UP Amsterdam UP Elgar

406

490

824

314

369

645

525

704

740 41

BISCHOF KARIN (Institute of Conflict Research) BRAND ULRICH (Vienna University)

Handbook of prejudice

Conflicts in environmental regulation and the internationalization of the state contested terrains( Book, 1st edition ) BUNZL JOHN (Austrian Islam, Judaism, and the political role of religions in the Middle East Institute for International Affairs) Social movements and Europeanization CAIANI MANUELA (Institute of Advanced Studies, Vienna) Protection for exporters : power and DÜR ANDREAS discrimination in transatlantic trade relations, (Salzburg University) 1930-2010 EU social policy in the 1990s : towards a FALKNER GERDA corporatist policy community (Institute for European Integration Research, Vienna University) Complying with Europe EU harmonisation and FALKNER GERDA soft law in the member states GEBHARD CARMEN (Austrian Defense Academy, Vienna University and University of Edinburgh, Scotland) GEBREWOLD BELACHEW (Armed

Cooperation or conflict? problematizing organizational overlap in Europe

Africa and Fortress Europe: threats and opportunities

Cambria

Abingdon, Oxon ; N.Y., NY : Routledge, 2008

Routledge

Gainesville, FL : University Press of Florida, 2004 Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2009. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2010.

U of Florida Press

London ; New York : Routledge, 1998

Routledge

Cambridge UP

Aldershot, Hampshire, England ; Burlington, VT :

Ashgate

Oxford UP

Cornell UP

Ashgate

622

1481

GOTTWEIS HERBERT (Vienna University)

447

GOTTWEIS HERBERT

343

GOTTWEIS HERBERT

335

GÜNAY CENGIZ (Austrian Institute for International Affairs) GUSTENAU GUSTAV E. (Austrian Defense Academy, Vienna)

597

594

Forces University, Hamburg, Lecturer, Management Center, Innsbruck, adjunct Professor, Innsbruck University) GEBREWOLD BELACHEW

HAERPFER CHRISTIAN (Adjunct Professor, Vienna University, and Full Professor, University of Edinburgh, Scotland)

Anatomy of violence understanding the systems of conflict and violence in Africa Governing molecules the discursive politics of genetic engineering in Europe and the United States Biobanks governance in comparative perspective The global politics of human embryonic stem cell science : regenerative medicine in transition Recruitment learning

The evolution of civil-military relations in South East Europe continuing democratic reform and adapting to the needs of fighting terrorism Democracy and enlargement in postCommunist Europe the democratisation of the general public in fifteen Central and Eastern European countries, 1991-1998

Ashgate

Routledge

Heidelberg ; New York, NY : Physica-Verlag, a Springer Co., 2005

Springer

London ; New York : Routledge, 2003.

Routledge

MIT Press

Palgrave Macmillan Springer

438

HAERPFER CHRISTIAN

Democracy and its alternatives : understanding post-communist societies

718

HAUSER GUNTHER (Austrian Defense Academy, Vienna) HEINRICH HANSGEORG (emeritus, Vienna University) HELMS LUDGER (Innsbruck University)

European security in transition

481

HELMS LUDGER)

Presidents, prime ministers, and chancellors : executive leadership in western democracies

718

KERNIC FRANZ (Innsbruck University, Austrian Defense Academy and Swedish National Defence College, Stockholm (Sweden)) KRITZINGER SYLVIA (Department of Methods in the Social Sciences, Vienna University) LAUBER VOLKMAR (Salzburg University) LAUBER VOLKMAR

European security in transition

514

568

598

838 345 43

Johns Hopkins UP

Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Macmillan Press ; New York : St. Martin's Press, 2000 Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Aldershot, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, ©2006

Palgrave Macmillan

Understanding EU policy making

London ; Ann Arbor, MI : Pluto Press, 2006.

Pluto

Switching to renewable power : a framework for the 21st century The political economy of France : from Pompidou to Mitterrand

London ; Sterling, VA : Earthscan, 2005 New York, NY, USA : Praeger, 1983.

Earthscan

Hungary : politics, economics, and society

Institutions and institutional change in the Federal Republic of Germany

Ashgate

L. Rienner

Palgrave Macmillan Ashgate

Praeger

840

LIEBHART KARIN (Adjunct Professor, Vienna University) LUTHER KURT RICHARD (Lecturer, Department of Government, Vienna University, and Full Professor, University of Keele, U.K.) LUTHER KURT RICHARD MOKRE MONIKA(Institute for European Integration Research, Vienna University) MÜLLER WOLFGANG C (Department of Government, Vienna University) MÜLLER WOLFGANG C

The discursive construction of national identity

Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2009

Edinburgh UP

Political parties in the new Europe : political and analytical challenges

Oxford, UK ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2002.

Oxford UP

Party elites in divided societies : political parties in consociational democracy Culture and external relations Europe and beyond

Routledge

Delegation and accountability in parliamentary democracies

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2003.

Oxford UP

Coalition governments in western Europe

Oxford UP

351

MÜLLER WOLFGANG C

Policy, office, or votes? : how political parties in Western Europe make hard decisions

870

MÜLLER WOLFGANG C NOTERMANS TON (Lecturer, Innsbruck

Political parties and electoral change : party responses to electoral markets Money, markets, and the state : social democratic economic policies since 1918

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2000. Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1999. London : SAGE, 2004 Cambridge, UK ; New York, NY, USA :

Cambridge UP

328

323 428

705

403

327 44

Ashgate

Cambridge

Sage

University) 584

531 448

Austria : out of the shadow of the past

473

PELINKA ANTON (Innsbruck University, emeritus, and Central European University, Budapest) PELINKA ANTON

406

PELINKA ANTON

Handbook of prejudice

629

PIATTONI SIMONA (Salzburg University)

Informal governance in the European union

302

PIATTONI SIMONA

916

PLASSER FRITZ (Innsbruck University)

314

PLASSER FRITZ

870

PLASSER FRITZ (Innsbruck University) REITERER ALBERT F.

Clientelism, interests and democratic representation: the European experience in historical and comparative perspective Global political campaigning a worldwide analysis of campaign professionals and their practices Democratic consolidation in East-Central Europe Political parties and electoral change : party responses to electoral markets Overcrowded world? : global population and

435 45

Federalism and the welfare state : new world OBINGER HERBERT (Lecturer, Department of and European experiences Government, Vienna University) The Oxford handbook of the welfare state OBINGER HERBERT

Social democratic parties in Europe

Cambridge University Press, 2000. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Cambridge UP

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2010. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1998

Oxford UP

New York, N.Y., U.S.A. : Praeger, 1983. Amherst, N.Y. : Cambria Press, ©2009. Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA : Edward Elgar, ©2003. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2001 Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2002

Praeger

New York, N.Y. : St. Martin's Press, 1998. London : SAGE, 2004

Palgrave Macmillan Sage

London : Haus, 2009

Haus

Praeger

Cambria Elgar

Cambridge UP

Praeger

338

(Innsbruck University, Adjunct Professor) SCHMIDINGER THOMAS (Vienna University) STÖGNER KARIN (Institute of Conflict Research) TAUSCH ARNO (Innsbruck University, Adjunct Profesor, and Associate Professor, Dep of Economics, Corvinus University Budapest) TAUSCH ARNO

373

TAUSCH ARNO

1826

THURNER ERIKA(Innsbruck University) TREIB OLIVER (Department of Government, Vienna University) ULRAM PETER (Lecturer, Vienna University) WERLHOF CLAUDIA VON (Innsbruck University, emeritus)

328

406

427

525

314

503

international migration Kurdistan im Wandel Konflikte, Staatlichkeit, Gesellschaft und Religion zwischen Nahem Osten und Diaspora Handbook of prejudice

Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, 2011.

Peter Lang

Cambria

What 1.3 billion Muslims really think : an answer to a recent Gallup study, based on the World Values Survey

Nova Science

Towards a socio-liberal theory of world development Titanic 2010? the European Union and its failed Lisbon strategy National Socialism and Gypsies in Austria

Palgrave Macmillan Nova Science

Democratic consolidation in East-Central Europe

New York, N.Y. : St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Palgrave Macmillan

Women : the last colony

Zed Books

Complying with Europe EU harmonisation and soft law in the member states

U of Alabama Press Cambridge UP

345

WERLHOF CLAUDIA VON

There is an alternative : subsistence and worldwide resistance to corporate globalization

316

WIELGOHS JAN (Lecturer, Vienna University) WISSEN MARKUS (Vienna University)

Wer war wer in der DDR? : ein biographisches Lexikon

490

Conflicts in environmental regulation and the internationalization of the state contested terrains( Book, 1st edition )

Victoria, Australia : Spinifex Press ; London ; New York : Zed Books ; New York : Distributed in the USA exclusivey by Palgrave, 2001. Berlin : Links, ÂŠ2000.

Zed Books

Abingdon, Oxon ; N.Y., NY : Routledge, 2008

Routledge

Links

Appendix Table 4: The raw data for the analysis of the trajectory of the selected 73 senior researchers: global outreach, bestsellers, outreach in France, Sweden, Japan, number of works available in China (as of mid-September, 2013) Researcher (Last name, first name)

APPELT ERNA M. BAUBÖCK RAINER BLAUBERGER MICHAEL BRAND ULRICH BUNZL JOHN DACHS HERBERT DIETRICH WOLFGANG DÜR ANDREAS DVORAK JOHANN EDER FRANZ ERNST WERNER 48

Global library outreach of the bestseller number 1 according to „OCLC Classify“ 710 1622 132

number of works with a global library presence of 300 or more global libraries

works with a global library presence of 100+

Maximum Library Outreach in France

Maximum Library Outreach in Sweden

Maximum Library Outreach in Japan

1 5 0

1 11 2

3 17 0

25 29 0

5 33 0

Number of works available in the People's Republic of China (China Union Catalogue) 0 4 2

490 749 160 212 369 76 108 106

1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

1 5 1 3 2 0 1 1

17 7 7 1 3 2 2 2

20 6 2 2 24 1 1 2

0 6 10 12 0 14 0 8

1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

ETZERSDORFER IRENE FALKNER GERDA FAUPEL KLAUS FILZMAIER PETER FORTIN-RITTBERGER JESSICA GÄRTNER HEINZ GÄRTNER REINHOLD GEBREWOLD BELACHEW GERLICH PETER GOTTWEIS HERBERT HAERPFER CHRISTIAN HEINISCH REINHARD C. HEINRICH HANSGEORG HELMS LUDGER HÖLL OTMAR HORAK ROMAN KARLHOFER FERDINAND KERNIC FRANZ KÖPL REGINA KRAMER HELMUT KREISKY EVA LAUBER VOLKMAR LEY MICHAEL 49

77 601 54 75 3

0 2 0 0 0

0 4 0 0 0

2 10 4 1 0

6 24 0 1 0

1 31 0 0 0

0 4 0 0 0

263 130 740

0 0 3

5 1 3

4 3 5

7 1 25

9 2 7

2 1 3

198 1421 594 85

0 3 2 0

5 4 3 0

7 7 6 1

7 4 18 2

25 9 22 0

1 0 5 1

509

557 240 54 159

2 0 0 0

3 2 0 1

3 5 1 2

23 6 1 3

22 17 5 10

5 0 1 0

718 137 92 138 738 136

1 0 0 0 2 0

3 1 0 1 5 3

3 0 6 1 3 4

25 0 1 2 4 1

3 0 2 6 68 2

4 0 0 0 3 2

LIEBHART KARIN LUIF PAUL MANGOTT GERHARD MANOSCHEK WALTER MELCHIOR JOSEF MIKLIN ERIC MÜLLER WOLFGANG C NEISSER HEINRICH PALLAVER GÜNTHER PELINKA ANTON PESENDORFER WOLFGANG PIATTONI SIMONA PLASSER FRITZ POHORYLES RONALD PRIBERSKY ANDREAS PUNTSCHERRIEKMANN SONJA REITERER ALBERT F. REITERER MICHAEL ROITHNER THOMAS ROSENBERGER SIEGLINDE SAUER BIRGIT SCHNEIDER HEINRICH SCHUETZ-MUELLER INGFRID SEEBER GILG 50

840 108 164 194 71 0 807 121 52 448 58

1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 3 0

1 1 3 3 0 0 9 1 0 29 0

8 2 1 3 0 0 9 2 2 13 1

1 7 2 2 5 0 25 1 0 8 0

1 5 4 4 0 0 26 7 0 23 9

1 4 2 1 0 0 4 0 0 10 0

625 829 183 224 173

1 3 0 0 0

5 7 2 1 2

9 9 2 8 1

13 25 3 5 5

19 22 19 13 15

6 4 0 2 3

428 98 55 185

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 2

3 1 2 8

2 2 2 5

2 5 0 4

1 0 0 1

268 159 14

0 0 0

4 2 0

3 5 0

5 2 0

7 11 0

2 3 0

181

SEGERT DIETER SENN MARTIN SKUHRA ANSELM STEGER GERHARD STEININGER BARBARA STIMMER GERNOT TÁLOS EMMERICH TAUSCH ARNO THURNER ERIKA UCAKAR KARL VETSCHERA HEINZ WERLHOF CLAUDIA VON WIMMER HANNES WINDHAGER FRITZ WOLF-WICHA BARBARA

119 108 132 82 0 70 187 356 1734 89 65 502

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 2

2 1 2 0 0 0 4 7 2 0 0 3

4 2 1 2 0 3 6 22 1 2 0 1

2 1 2 2 14 0 3 20 2 2 1 3

3 0 11 2 0 0 112 20 6 6 0 286

1 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 2

179 13 9

0 0 0

1 0 0

2 0 0

0 0 0

Appendix Table 5: The raw data for the analysis of the trajectory of the selected 73 senior researchers: articles indexed in Scopus, articles indexed in EBSCO HOST, citations in Scopus, journal articles in Eastern Europe; journal articles indexed in Spain + Latin America, number of works in ECLAS, UNBISNET and journal articles indexed in the Pentagon Library (as of mid-September, 2013)

Researcher (Last name, first name)

number of articles in peer reviewed journals according to SCOPUS

number of contributio ns in peer reviewed journals according to EBSCO HOST

Scopusindexed article with the highest citation in SCOPUS journals

APPELT ERNA M. BAUBÖCK RAINER BLAUBERGER MICHAEL BRAND ULRICH BUNZL JOHN DACHS HERBERT DIETRICH WOLFGANG DÜR ANDREAS

0 20 9

3 12 6

0 89 12

20 0 0 0 21

4 3 9 0 13

17 0 0 0 33

number of journal articles in articles peerindexed in reviewed the journals in DIALNET Eastern network for Europe and Spain and Russia Latin (CEEOL) America (DIALNET ) 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 0 0 1 3

Number of works in the European Union Library ECLAS

Number of works in the United Nations UNBISNET

internation al articles for peerreviewed journals indexed in the Pentagon Library

0 7 3

0 0 0

3 12 2

1 0 3 0 17

0 1 0 0 0

17 4 0 3 13

DVORAK JOHANN EDER FRANZ ERNST WERNER ETZERSDORFER IRENE FALKNER GERDA FAUPEL KLAUS FILZMAIER PETER FORTIN-RITTBERGER JESSICA GÄRTNER HEINZ GÄRTNER REINHOLD GEBREWOLD BELACHEW GERLICH PETER GOTTWEIS HERBERT HAERPFER CHRISTIAN HEINISCH REINHARD C. HEINRICH HANSGEORG HELMS LUDGER HÖLL OTMAR HORAK ROMAN KARLHOFER FERDINAND KERNIC FRANZ KÖPL REGINA KRAMER HELMUT 53

0 1 0 1 23 0 4 5

2 0 0 1 15 0 2 4

0 1 0 0 80 0 1 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 7 0 0 1

0 3 0 0 32 0 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 17 0 1 6

7 0 4

0 2 1

1 0 0

0 0 0

1 0 0

5 0 3

3 0 0

6 0 4

0 30 24 4

3 7 14 7

0 58 74 39

0 0 0 0

4 1 5 2

0 1 1 0

3 18 18 6

20 0 6 2

14 3 10 1

10 0 7 0

0 1 0 0

9 0 0 0

14 2 0 2

0 2 0 0

28 0 3 1

1 0 0

3 0 3

0 0 0

1 0 0

7 0 1

0 0 0

1 0 2

KREISKY EVA LAUBER VOLKMAR LEY MICHAEL LIEBHART KARIN LUIF PAUL MANGOTT GERHARD MANOSCHEK WALTER MELCHIOR JOSEF MIKLIN ERIC MÜLLER WOLFGANG C NEISSER HEINRICH PALLAVER GÜNTHER PELINKA ANTON PESENDORFER WOLFGANG PIATTONI SIMONA PLASSER FRITZ POHORYLES RONALD PRIBERSKY ANDREAS PUNTSCHERRIEKMANN SONJA REITERER ALBERT F. REITERER MICHAEL ROITHNER THOMAS ROSENBERGER SIEGLINDE SAUER BIRGIT SCHNEIDER HEINRICH 54

4 15 0 1 1 2 0 0 3 21 0 3 4 0

0 19 1 3 4 0 6 0 2 17 0 4 24 0

1 145 0 200 2 1 0 0 12 57 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 0

1 7 1 2 9 7 0 4 3 1 18 0 21 1

0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

0 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 21 0 0 8 0

7 5 19 1 2

3 10 23 3 2

21 18 4 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

4 1 0 0 1

6 11 2 2 11

0 0 0 0 0

1 2 20 1 4

0 3 0 6

7 3 0 5

0 3 0 6

0 0 0 0

0 2 0 0

3 16 1 0

0 4 0 0

4 4 0 2

10 0

2 3

12 0

0 0

3 1

2 37

0 0

7 0

SCHUETZ-MUELLER INGFRID SEEBER GILG SEGERT DIETER SENN MARTIN SKUHRA ANSELM STEGER GERHARD STEININGER BARBARA STIMMER GERNOT TÁLOS EMMERICH TAUSCH ARNO THURNER ERIKA UCAKAR KARL VETSCHERA HEINZ WERLHOF CLAUDIA VON WIMMER HANNES WINDHAGER FRITZ WOLF-WICHA BARBARA

8 14 6 0 0 1 0 3 10 0 0 0 5

1 8 0 2 0 1 1 6 8 5 1 4 3

18 2 1 0 0 4 0 5 0 0 0 0 5

0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1

7 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

1 5 3 0 3 0 0 3 12 0 0 5 9

0 0 0

3 0 0

0 0 0

ENDNOTES 1

http://www.oclc.org/worldcat.en.html As of mid October, 2013 3 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/DisplayAbstractSearch.cfm 4 http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/ssrn.com 5 http://stats.grok.se/en/latest/Political_science 6 http://stats.grok.se/en/latest30/sociology 7 http://stats.grok.se/en/latest30/economics 8 http://stats.grok.se/en/201310/Sebastian_Vettel and http://stats.grok.se/en/201310/sex as well as http://stats.grok.se/en/201310/astrology and http://stats.grok.se/en/201310/astronomy . 9 http://stats.grok.se/es/latest30/Ciencia_política 2

http://stats.grok.se/ru/latest/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0 %BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F 11 http://stats.grok.se/pt/latest30/Ciência_política 12 http://stats.grok.se/de/latest30/Politikwissenschaft . For some unknown reasons, the German language Wikipedia site currently does not offer a routine for the monthly visitors count. To arrive at the appropriate German language figures, you have to outwit the Wikipedia system, by first consulting the respective English language count from the English language Wikipedia article, and then manually changing the language option and inserting „Politikwissenschaft“ for „Political Science“. 13 http://stats.grok.se/fr/latest30/Science%20Politique 14 http://stats.grok.se/pl/latest30/Politologia 15

http://stats.grok.se/ar/latest/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8 %A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9 16 http://stats.grok.se/tr/latest/Siyaset_bilimi 17 http://stats.grok.se/it/latest30/Scienza_politica 18 http://stats.grok.se/zh/latest30/政治学 19

http://stats.grok.se/fa/latest/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D 8%B3%D8%AA 20 For example by cooperating with scholars from these regions, and offering them in turn to find outlets on western markets 21 The ranking systems http://www.scimagoir.com/ , http://www.shanghairanking.com/ and http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-universityrankings/2013#sorting=rank+region=+country=+faculty=+stars=false+search= are generally regarded as the three most famous University ranking systems. 22 If your own reasoning does not tell you already to go for journal articles, the University Presidents and Deans, eager to increase their global University ranking, most certainly will do it soon, if they didn’t do it already. Look at the figures at http://www.scimagoir.com/ and you will begin to understand why academic decision makers in the 21st Century are so eager that scientists need a quick orientation in the jungle of global journal publishing, to be found 56

among others at the website http://www.scimagojr.com/ This website tells you which journals are indexed in Scopus. 23 A. Genua, The economics of knowledge production: funding and the structure of University research. (Cheltenham Glos: Edward Elgar 1999). 24 See Roswitha Poll and Peter te Boekhorst in collaboration with Ramon Abad Hiraldo, Measuring quality: international guidelines for performance measurement in academic libraries. (Munich: Saur, 1996); Anne-Wil Harzing, The publish or perish book: your guide to effective and responsible citation analysis. (Melbourne: Tarma Software Research 2010); Nicola De Bellis, Bibliometrics and citation analysis: from the Science citation index to cybermetrics. (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2009); Virgil Diodato, Dictionary of bibliometrics. (New York: Haworth Press, 1994); Ana Andrés, Measuring academic research: how to undertake a bibliometric study (Oxford: Chandos, 2009). 25 Howard D. White et al., ‘Libcitations: A Measure for Comparative Assessment of Book Publications in the Humanities and Social Sciences,’ Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Tecthnology, 60 (6, 2009): 1083-1096 26 Torres-Salinas, Daniel, and Henk Moed, ‘Library Catalog Analysis as a tool in studies of social sciences and humanities: An exploratory study of published book titles in Economics.’ Journal of Informetrics, 3 (1, January 2009): 9-26 27 For our readers who do not have a direct access to the fully implemented Worldcat version of OCLC member libraries, it might be said in parenthesis that these two mentioned catalogues are also an ideal instrument to find relevant literature on any subject, because the catalogue sorts results by subject and library presence statistics, i.e. for each subject you get the most “popular” titles 28 Jenny Sieber, Stefan Gradmann, How to best assess monographs? An attempt to assess the impact of monographs using library infrastructure and Web2.0 tools, WP6 report, EERQI Project. Available at http://www.eerqi.eu/ and http://www.eerqi.eu/eerqi-policy-briefs 29 “OCLC Classify” results are much more reliable than “Worldcat Identities” results to assess global library holding patterns. 30 Prospective book authors from library systems especially in many European countries not yet connected to the full version of the OCLC Worldcat will have difficulties in finding exact answers to the questionnaires of multinational book publishing companies about the major competitors of a proposed book project. With the full version of the OCLC Worldcat, such a question is easily being answered by entering the keyword or the title, and getting the list of books ordered by the frequency of international library holdings. The publisher and the author alike immediately know the potential global market for such a title, and the marketing department of the book publishing company already has the addresses of the libraries, which can be targeted with leaflets and information materials about the projected new book at their disposal. Relying on the OCLC open access version, answering such questions would mean wading through title after title, and the numbers of libraries, holding the title, would have to be researched and be added together, country for country. For reasons of simplicity readers of this article without OCLC-full access interested in such questions might just enter „United States“ or even „California“ or „New York“ in the open access OCLC Worldcat country window, to make such searches shorter, since the United States still are 60-70% of the global English language book market, and the states of California and New York again share a sizeable part of that market. An alternative also could be to use the Swedish or Japanese union catalogues instead. Let’s give an example how this works out in practice. a prospective author, writing a book on, say, „income inequality“ will find that there are currently almost 10.000 published titles on „income inequality“ in the „Worldcat“. Comparing these 10.000 57

titles and the book companies which published them and to find out which companies publishing on „income inequality“ best penetrated international markets will be practically impossible for them (see http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=ti%3Aincome+inequality&qt=advanced&dblist=638). Focusing the search on books with the keyword „income inequality“ published in English in the time period between 2010 and 2013 (http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=kw%3Aincome+inequality&fq=yr%3A2010..2013+%3E +%3E+x0%3Abook+%3E+ln%3Aeng&qt=advanced&dblist=638) will still yield 2141 titles. The full version of OCLC Worldcat, within a fraction of a second, would allow the researcher to see which book publishing companies were the most efficient ones in marketing a book on „income inequality, which appeared in the last years to global markets. After all, the book author does not have the time and energy to waste sending proposals to book companies which are either not really interested in the issue of “income inequality” anymore or they are not very efficient in marketing books with such a title, because, say, they have a reputation of being strong in “environmental economics”, and less so in “income inequality” research. A University or research institute, desperate to increase its international ranking, would do well to enable access to the full version of the OCLC Worldcat. The academic library authorities of several European countries, including the author’s home country Austria, by the way find that the „Europeana“ system should be more than a match to the opportunities, offered to the network member libraries of „OCLC Worldcat“. They argue that one should support this European project and not the OCLC Worldcat. This is really a major issue of European science and library policy; but it seems that more and more major European countries, including Germany and France, let alone the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands, are at any rate already connected to the full version of the OCLC Worldcat. Comparing the OCLC full version of Worldcat to Europeana is like comparing a Ferrari car to an old Volkswagen, built in the 1950s: „Europeana“ might still be good for researchers in Medieval History, but is certainly no match in the field of international political economy: for Europeana http://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=what%3Aincome+inequality&rows=24 offers only 18 (!) titles in the field of „income inequality“, while Worldcat offers almost 49.487 (!) (http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=kw%3Aincome+inequality&qt=advanced&dblist=638) . How on earth a central European author, searching for a publisher, can then fill out even the simple author questionnaire of a global book publishing companies? The imagined poor European prospective book author could still consult the Swedish LIBRIS (http://libris.kb.se/hitlist?q=tit%3A%28income+inequality%29&r=&f=ext&t=v&s=b&g=&m =10) or the Japanese NACSIS (http://ci.nii.ac.jp/books/search?advanced=true&count=20&sortorder=5&title=income+inequ ality&update_keep=true&type=1) as a proxy to find out which books with the title or keyword „income inequality“ are the fiercest competitors of his own planned book on the subject etc. In the LIBRIS and NACSIS catalogues one could also specify to search for books published only after 2010 to arrive at more realistic estimates of the market and to exclude publishers which do not actively publish in the field anymore. 31 A typical case, also written by real life, is the volume in memory of Nobel Laureate in Economics, Franco Modigliani, Arun Muralidhar & Serge Allegrezza (eds.), ‚Reforming European Pension Systems‘ (Dutch University Press, & Luxembourg Institute for European and International Studies, 2007), to which the author of this article had the honor to be able to contribute. The contributions of two Nobel Laureates in economics, Paul Samuelson and 58

Robert Solow, notwithstanding, OCLC Worldcat figures show that the volume is available only at 5 global libraries. http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?search-standnumtxt=&search-title-txt=Reforming+European+Pension+Systems&search-author-txt=&searchsubhead-txt= Such things happen, mainly due to the shortcomings of the book distribution networks, which are the partners of non-American publishers in North America. 32 http://www.worldcat.org/libraries 33 The catalogue neatly shows, for example, the library holdings for the well-known Brazilian sociologist, Prof. Fernando Henrique Cardoso at http://sdi.cnc.una.py/zsgb/cliente.cgi?mode=brief&cant_total_reg=1&next_rec=1&limit=15&syntax=XML&codbiblio=TODAS&BUSCAPOR=au&CONSULT A=Cardoso%2C+Fernando+Henrique&OPCION=and 34 Practically most the Thomson/Reuters Web of Knowledge journals are also contained in the far bigger database SCOPUS. Scopus is much more relevant for journals in the BRICS countries. 35 Not only students and professors at other Universities read our stuff, but also think tanks, bureaucrats and military and intelligence officers, whether we like it or not. Worldcat officially lists, among others, the following US intelligence agency scientific libraries as being integrated in the Worldcat network: Central Intelligence Agency Library, LY-SO; Defense Intelligence Agency; National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. Around the globe, none the less than 249 United States Air Force related libraries are already integrated into the “Worldcat” system. Also one should not underestimate the role of major think tanks in acquiring book publications, like the The Brookings Institution, the Heritage Foundation, the American Enterprise Institute, SIPRI, Freedom House et cetera. Increasingly, the Armed Forces of the world in other countries, and not just only the U.S.A., run their own academic institutions, and many of them have really developed extraordinary capacities in the field of political science. They are all potential clients of European political science in the years to come. 36 https://www.daad.de/glossar/en/Habilitation--45/ and http://www.research-ingermany.de/dachportal/en/Jobs-and-Careers-in-Germany/Info-for-Postdocs-and-JuniorResearchers/Research-Careers.html (for Germany) as well as http://www.eui.eu/ProgrammesAndFellowships/AcademicCareersObservatory/AcademicCare ersbyCountry/Switzerland.aspx (for Switzerland) and http://www.eui.eu/ProgrammesAndFellowships/AcademicCareersObservatory/AcademicCare ersbyCountry/Austria.aspx (Austria) 37 http://politikwissenschaft.univie.ac.at/institut/personen/wissenschaftliches-personal/ (Vienna); http://staatswissenschaft.univie.ac.at/mitarbeiterinnen/ (Vienna); http://www.unisalzburg.at/index.php?id=28587 (Salzburg); http://www.uibk.ac.at/politikwissenschaft/team/ (Innsbruck); http://www.donauuni.ac.at/de/universitaet/whois/05809/index.php?URL=/de/studium/department/politischekom munikation/team/index.php (Krems) 38 „Assistenzprofessoren“ (assistant professors), scientific employees with a tenured public employee status, et cetera 39 The Scopus-owned „Scimago“ system, based on SCOPUS http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?category=3320 ranks the journal as 101 among 244 global political science journals. But the Austrian Journal „Living Reviews in European Governance“, edited by Professor Gerda Falkner, is ranked as number 3 of all global political science journals, and the „European Integration - Online Papers“ is rank 71. 59

Thomas König, ‚Das unvollständige Projekt. Bestandsaufnahme der österreichischen Politikwissenschaft.‘ Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (ÖZP), 40 (1, 2011): 81–89 and, from the perspective of a „critical“ political science, Ulrich Brand / Helmut Kramer, ‘Für eine kritische Politikwissenschaft. Anmerkungen zu Thomas Königs Essay „Das unvollständige Projekt. Bestandsaufnahme der österreichischen Politikwissenschaft“‘ Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (ÖZP), 40,. (3, 2011): 315–323. 41 There are also 244 Political Science and International Relations journals and the rankings for the Austrian journals is the same. Among the 3460 ranked Social Science Journals, the undisputed leaders are the „American Political Science Review“, the „American Journal of Political Science“, and the „American Sociological Review“. „Living Reviews in European Governance“ is still global rank 44, and the ÖZP global rank 1658 (see: http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?area=3300&category=0&country=all&year=2012 &order=sjr&min=0&min_type=cd) 42 http://www.oezp.at/ 43 http://www.worldcat.org/advancedsearch 44 http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/understanding/indices/ 45 For each of the variables, the index is derived by subtracting the lowest value of the given group from the observed value of a given researcher on that variable. This substraction is then devided by the difference between the highest and the lowest value on a given variable from the group in question. So let us suppose that the best value for Global library outreach of the bestseller number 1 according to „OCLC Classify“ for the group of Austrian political scientists would be 1000 libraries, while the lowest observed global library outreach of the Austrian political scientists would be 100 libraries. Let us now also suppose that political scientist A has a maximum library outreach of 600 libraries, and political scientist B a maximum library outreach of 200. For political scientist A, a UNDP-type library circulation index hence would be (600-100)/(1000-100); for political scientist B, this index would be (200-100)/(1000-100). Thus, political scientist A has a library circulation index of 0,556 (rounded), while political scientist B an index of 0,111 (rounded). 46 The data for the author of this study were included in the calculation, but we do not mention the name in the final rankings, so as to avoid possible conflicts of interests.