The World Ocean’s security is a guarantee of the sustainable development of the Earth civilization
Nikolay Mikheev
The global role of the Arctic Region 1)SUSTAINABLY INCREASING ECONOMIC ROLE OF THE ARCTIC AS THE RICHEST SOURCE OF THE RAW MATERIALS 2)THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF THE ARCTIC REGION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT COMMUNICATIONS 3)THE UNIQUE ROLE OF THE ARCTIC BASIN IN THE FORMATION OF GLOBAL CLIMATIC AND HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE OCEANS AND ON THE PLANET IN GENERAL 2
Arctic ice melting
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Russia
Russia
Russia
Russia
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Northern Sea Route
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Flooding areas of the radioactive wastes 8 zones 16-26/~2-3 PBq
0,55/~0,06 PBq
16 zones
3/~0,4 PBq
42/~5 PBq
0,50,7/~0,050,08 PBq
11 zones 15 zones
5 zones 6
Sunken nuclear submarines
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8
Solid radioactive waste Spent nuclear fuel
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Areas of potential offshore gas development - The location of flooded NS, SRW, SNF
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Sources of the radioactive contamination of the Arctic SRW sea Global River Chernobyl burial at fallout drainage fallout 13% the 2% 5% dumping moment 2%
Object that contaned SNF at the dumping moment 36%
Gulf Stream from Sellafield 15% Discharged LRW 2% Defueled reactors and reactor compartments at the dumping moment 25%
Real sources Potential sources 11
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Nuclear Safety Institute (IBRAE)
WHAT LIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THE ARCTIC SEAS: About 17800 of SNF and RW flooded by the USSR and the Russian Federation in the Arctic in 1961 - 2014
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RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Nuclear Safety Institute (IBRAE)
TODAY only about 30 of them have the serious hazard to the environment: • 3 nuclear submarines • 3 objects with SNF • 1 barge with the nuclear reactor • 3 reactor compartment without SNF, reactor without SNF, 19 • ships with SRW 13
The time of the corrosive destruction of the metal containers and vessels with the solid radioactive wastes
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1 – minimal destruction period
2 – medium destruction period 3 – maximal destruction period
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The time of the corrosive destruction of the nuclear submarines Light hull
Pressure hull
tp ≈ 22 ± 7 year
1
2
3
tp ≈ 110 ± 23 year
1
2
3
tp – the period of submarine’s hull destruction 1 – minimal destruction period 2 – medium destruction period 3 – maximal destruction period 15
THE STATUS OF THE CONTAINERS WITH SRW Photo from field researches of RRC KI, SPA "Typhoon" and others)
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FLOODING M O N I T O R N G
CERS
ASSESSMENT OF THREATS AND RISKS
CONSIDERATION OF OTHER ASPECTS Social, Economic, Production, Political etc.
Decision making UTILIZATION
SALVAGE TRANSPORTATION HANDLING OF SF AND RW
CONCERVATION CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY
LAISSEZ FAIRE SAFETY JUSTIFICATION
N O R M A T I V E
S U RADWASTE P RETRIEVAL P O SITE SELECTION R T
SAFETY JUSTIFICATION
REALIZATION REALIZATION 17
Estimated cost of the recovery and recycling of the objects submerged in the Arctic (million of Euros) Objects without SNW
Objects with SNW Type of activity NS
RC NS
ЭС а/л Лени н
The reactor of NS
RC NS
RC n/i Lenin
Vessels with SRW
SRW
Koms omol ets
К-159
К-27
Salvage and transportation
130
105
18
8
2,6
1
7
4
100
140
Utilization
20
5
5
1
0,5
0,5
1
2
20
20
IN TOTAL:
150
110
23
9
3
1,5
8
6
120
160
IN TOTAL FOR A GROUP:
All program
300+ million € (objects with SNW)
15+ million € (RC without SNW)
280 million € (SRW)
600 M€ (Without the NS "Komsomolets" and TRO - 165 M€) 18
The main purpose: Keep the World Ocean in the safety condition for the future generations
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TASKS 1) Past events Cleanup of the hazardous areas from the radioactive, chemical and other wastes. 2) Preventive activities Establish the online control system for the World Ocean’s security in order to prevent the negative impacts on the environment
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Thank you for your attention!
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