PULSES YOU DON’T CHECK AT THE DOCTOR!
for discerning weeders
Events…..pg 3 Master Gardeners are always learning…..pg 5 Mobile apps you can use…..pg 13 And much, much, more!
The Foundation for the Gator Nation..... An equal opportunity institution.
April, 2016
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE I made two home visits (in the rain) last month with interns, both were a pleasure and as always it was a learning experience for me. The interns were real troopers. They did the prep work and prepared the final form. Both homeowners have sent heartfelt thanks and one even inquired about the next Master Gardener class! We have home visits pending and interns who need this experience (it is one of their requirements). No request for a visit should go by more than a day without a response from us, even if that response is nothing more than a phone call to get the particulars and try to set up a convenient time/date for the visit.
E. Fabian J. Fitzhugh R. Hastings J. Kogge J. McCreary D. Sewell
Interns who have not completed their home visit requirement need to contact S. Taylor and/or M. Stewart and let them know. Or, notify your mentor and have him/her notify the mentor coordinators. It is a reflects poorly on our organization, Extension, and the University to have these contacts go without a prompt response. If you have not done a home visit this year please contact B. Buckellew so we can help these homeowners. Those who would like to go on a home visit but aren't comfortable being the 'point' person--let B. Buckellew know that too. He'll be able to pair you up with another veteran who would be willing to go along.
Birth trees for April are: rowan, maple, and walnut. Flowers are sweet pea and daisy. Birth stones are diamond, opal, quartz, and white sapphire. Colors are yellow and red.
Thanks for all you do,
INSIDE THIS ISSUE
A. Ogle, President
Product Review
2
Terrific Trees
2
Event Calendar
3
Check Your Pulse(s)! Hands On Learning
5
April Chores
6
Wildlife Happenings
6
On the Trail
7
Info graphics
7
Ye Olde Farm
8
Golden Invader
8
Out and About
9-10
Nursery Notes
10
Gardener Holidays
11
Life-Long Learning
11
Book Review
12
Puzzle Corner
Spotted at Tallahassee Nursery. Darth Vader grill! Go ahead...admit it‌.you REALLY want one! Photo courtesy of D. Stever
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4-5
12, 14
Info and Updates
13
Recipe Round-Up
14
Last Word
15
April, 2016
PRODUCT REVIEW We’re gardeners. Since we are gardeners we have tools. Lots and lots of tools. How often do you head out into the garden only to discover that you need the other shovel. You know, the one all the way in the back of the shed/garage? Well, I do believe that a company has come up with a solution to that problem. A modular tool set.
by M. Stewart small yards it hardly seems worth the expense. But, if you had a really large yard OR very little storage space—this may well fit the bill.
From Redhed®, a company specializing in premium garden and landscaping tools, this is an ‘all-in-one’ modular garden tool set. The parts are interchangeable and provide a total of 32 different tool variations. According to their web site this kit allows access to the four most commonly-used, essential gardening tools: spade shovel, flathead shovel, metal garden rake, and heavy duty push broom. Shock-resistant, hickory wood handle options: mix and match handle lengths and long handle extender depending on the task (short straight grip, long straight grip, short D-grip and long D-grip.) Fast and easy connect system quickly self-aligns with every tool change. Water-resistant, custom storage case is lightweight, compact and durable. The case neatly stores each kit piece in its designated spot, with pull-tabs to lock them in place. The kit comes with a soft-sided storage case or a hard sided case—same price. Now at $349 for this wonder kit—I would have to say that is a tad pricey for the average gardener. Not to mention that with
TERRIFIC TREES Do you like Dogwood trees? Don’t have a large enough shady area? Well you are in luck. What would you say to a Dogwood that has the typical white blossoms in the spring but its growth habit is very low and spreading. It would actually spill over a retaining wall or earthen bank.
by M. Stewart pond. Due to its small stature, fruit drop is not too much of an issue.
Cornus florida ‘Suwannee Squat’ is just the tree for you. It was actually found by Bob Simons in Suwannee County. Like our other dogwoods, it is a native. As with all other dogwoods, it will perform best with some shade and is moderately drought tolerant once established. Several pests may attack dogwood: aphids, borers, dogwood club gall midge, leaf miners, scale and twig girdlers. Dogwood anthracnose is the biggest disease concern. Keeping the tree healthy and providing adequate irrigation during drought is your best bet. Dogwood canker, crown canker, flower and leaf blight, and a couple other diseases usually appear during the wet, cool weather so you know to be on your guard against those.
Cornus florida ‘Suwannee Squat’ JC Raulston Arboretum
This ‘tree’ maxes out at 5 foot tall (usually less than that) and can grow just as wide. Just the thing for the shady nook by the fish An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
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April, 2016
For details on any of the upcoming events, go to www.ocmga.org/Calendar.html Okaloosa County Master Gardeners may obtain updated calendar information on member-only activities by going to www.ocmga.org/Administrative.html
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April, 2016
CHECK YOUR PULSE(S)! The United Nations has declared 2016 to be the International Year of Pulses. Why do people at the U.N. care enough about your heartbeat to make it the subject of a year-long campaign? Well, they probably don’t. But what they do care about is your awareness of the importance of dry beans, peas, and lentils in the overall scheme of world food production and consumption. The U.N. Food and Agriculture Office (FAO) has made this a priority for 2016 and they’re capturing the world’s attention by making this declaration, using the term ‘pulse’. Why pulse? Mostly because it’s a convenient collective term for a class of crops that are harvested solely for their dry seed. The term refers mainly to the edible dry seeds of peas, beans, or lentils. The word itself (according to Webster’s) is derived from the Middle English puls, probably from Anglo-French puuiz meaning gruel, and from the Latin pult-, puls, probably from Greek poltos. Thus we can see that the term has been around for a very long time and there is really no excuse for us to not be familiar with it. Now you and I might think of these edible dry seeds as ‘legumes’ which they are indeed, but the designation of ‘pulse’ excludes other legumes such as green beans and green peas, which are considered vegetable crops. Also excluded are crops that are mainly grown for oil extraction such as soybeans and peanuts and crops that are used exclusively for planting (such as clovers and alfalfa). But, according to Wikipedia: “…in common use, these distinctions are not clearly made, and many of the varieties so classified are also used as vegetables, with their beans in pods while young; cooked whole in cuisines and sold for the purpose; for example, black-eyed beans, lima beans and Toor or pigeon peas are thus eaten as fresh green beans, or cooked as part of a meal.” (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume) Confused? Do what I do and train yourself to think “pulse” while in the dry bean aisle of the grocery store and “everything but pulse” when in the fresh produce, canned food and frozen aisles. Semantics aside, the real reasons the U.N. wishes to draw worldwide attention to pulses are summed up in the FAO mission statement in which it “aims to heighten public awareness of the nutritional benefits of pulses as part of sustainable food production aimed towards food security and nutrition. The Year will create a unique opportunity to encourage connections throughout the food chain that would better utilize pulse-based proteins, further global production of pulses, better utilize crop rotations and address the challenges in the trade of pulses.” The specific objectives of the IYP 2016 are to:
Raise awareness about the important role of pulses in sustainable food production and healthy diets and their contribution to food security and nutrition;
Promote the value and utilization of pulses throughout the food system, their benefits for soil fertility and climate change and for combating malnutrition;
Encourage connections throughout the food chain to further global production of pulses, foster enhanced research, better utilize crop rotations and address the challenges in the An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
by K. Harper trade of pulses. What are pulses and why are they important? Pulses are annual leguminous crops yielding between one and 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape and color within a pod, used for both food and feed. The term “pulses” is technically limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excluding crops harvested green for food, which are classified as vegetable crops, as well as those crops used mainly for oil extraction and leguminous crops that are used exclusively for sowing purposes (based on the definition of “pulses and derived products” of the FAO). As noted above, in common usage there is a blurring of the distinctions between the various legumes. But, let’s humor the FAO and go with their definition. Pulse crops such as lentils, beans, peas and chickpeas are a critical part of the world’s food resources. Pulses are a vital source of plant-based proteins and amino acids for people around the globe and should be eaten as part of a healthy diet to address obesity, as well as to prevent and help manage chronic diseases such as diabetes, coronary conditions and cancer; they are also an important source of plant-based protein for animals. In addition, pulses as leguminous plants, have nitrogen-fixing properties which can contribute to increasing soil fertility and have a positive impact on the environment. For more information, see: http://www.fao.org/pulses-2016/about/en/ Pulse crops have many nutritional benefits. They are a good source of protein: lentils contain double the protein per serving of quinoa. They are an excellent source of fiber: all pulses have 4 times more fiber than brown rice. They are an excellent source of folate: chickpeas contain 3x more folate per serving than kale. But what is folate, you ask? According to the Mayo Clinic: Folate and folic acid are forms of a water-soluble B vitamin. Folate is the version that occurs naturally in food, and folic acid is the synthetic form of this vitamin. So if you are deficient in this important vitamin, you can find folic acid in various fortified foods and supplements. Sources include cereals, baked goods, leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli, lettuce), okra, asparagus, fruits (bananas, melons, lemons), legumes, yeast, mushrooms, organ meat (beef liver, kidney), orange juice, and tomato juice. Folic acid is frequently used in combination with other B vitamins in vitamin B complex formulations. Folic acid supplements are effective for increasing folate levels in blood and decreasing symptoms associated with low folate levels. Folic acid supplementation, with and without other B vitamins, reduces levels of homocysteine in blood (a cardiovascular risk factor). Folic acid supplements are suggested for use in women of childbearing age in order to prevent neural tube defects. Neural tube defect risk appears to have decreased in many countries since folic acid fortification of flour and cereals. Folic acid is also of interest with respect to cognitive enhancement, cancer, (continued on next page)
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PULSE(S)
cont’d.
psychiatric illnesses, and cardiovascular conditions, although conclusions may not be drawn for many of these uses at this time. Some concern exists with respect to increased folic acid intake masking symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, especially in the elderly population. http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugssupplements/folate/background/hrb-20059475 So clearly you should eat folate-fortified foods and/or take a folic acid supplement. Or maybe you could just skip all that and doubledown on your consumption of chickpea hummus! Pulses are also rich in iron: one serving of black beans contains 1.5 times as much iron as one 3 oz. serving of flank steak. They’re a good source of potassium: one serving of dry peas contains as much potassium as a banana. They are high in antioxidants: per serving, red kidney beans have higher antioxidant content than blueberries and pomegranate juice. Furthermore, pulses are: gluten-free, sodium-free and cholesterol-free! And, they have a long shelf life, making them easy to keep on hand. What’s not to love about any of that??
fertilizers. When used in a crop rotation system, they also have a demonstrated ability to increase the yield of the other crops in the rotation. In addition, pulses are a relatively low water -use crop; Read more about all of their advantages here: http:// thinkprogress.org/ climate/2016/01/06/3736145/year-ofpulses-2016-beans-lentils-chickpeas/ The International Year of Pulses is catching on around the world: Check the IYP newsletter for observation activities that various countries have scheduled as well as links to all the social media coverage: http://www.pulseaus.com.au/storage/ app/media/IYOP/IYP%20Global%20Newsletter%20January% 202016-PulseFeast.pdf
Are you on board yet? Find more information and recipes AND There are also many environmental benefits to growing pulse take the Pulse Pledge at: Bottom of Form https:// crops. Most of us are probably aware of the above-mentioned pulsepledge.com/take-the-pledge/ fact that legumes as a class have the ability to fix their own nitrogen in the soil. Therefore, they require little or no additional
HANDS ON LEARNING
by M. Evors
On February 3rd, a cold and rainy day, eleven Master Gardeners and interns took advantage of a new and unusual opportunity to work at the Crestview Nursery. All the participants learned about a side of nursery production that most know nothing about. They worked in a greenhouse planting tiny plugs to be grown up for retail sale later this spring. It was pointed out that people who do this kind of work for a living are paid by the number of pots planted, not by the hour. All who went enjoyed this day of hands on learning and left with a new respect for the people who earn their living this way. Thank you to Sheila Dunning, UF/IFAS Commercial Horticulture Agent and the personnel at Crestview Nursery for providing this opportunity.
Did you know that Florida’s Green Industry (nursery and greenhouse) is the second largest in the country? (California is #1). Sales across the Green Industry spectrum are estimated to be above $12 billion. It provides over 150,000 jobs annually and is growing quickly.
Photos courtesy of M. Evors
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April, 2016
APRIL CHORES
by staff
Bulbs: This is a great time to plant many bulbs. Louisiana iris tolerates most soil types although for best results plant them in moist soil with high organic matter content. Other bulbs to consider are: blood lily, caladium, and canna. Now is also the time to divide clumps of bulbs, ornamental grasses or herbaceous perennials. This is a great (and inexpensive) way to expand or rejuvenate garden beds or to pass-along favorite plants to friends.
Lawn: Did you know that many cultural lawn practices, done the wrong way, can mimic insect damage? Before reaching for a pesticide, confirm that the damage is being caused by insects AND determine exactly what insect it is. Apply turf fertilizer no sooner than mid-April after new growth has started. Choose a fertilizer with very little or no phosphorus (unless indicated by a soil test). Choosing a fertilizer with slow release nitrogen will give longer lasting results.
General Gardening: Coleus does well in shade or sun and provides color in your garden for months. New varieties are always available. For more information on Gardening with Annuals in Florida see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg319
Shrubs and Trees: There are beautiful trees in bloom now. Consider adding fringetree, Carolina Silverbell, or redbud to your landscape for lots of spring color. Planting time for shrubs is here. Glossy Abelia and Pineapple Guava are just a few. You can find more examples in the Florida-Friendly Landscaping Guide to Plant Selection and Landscape Design.
Vegetable Gardening: Okra and cucumber may be planted this month. Mulch well to help prevent weeds and check that rain gauge! Be ready to irrigate if rainfall is lacking. To find out what vegetables may be grown in our area, you can check out http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/vh021. Basil, oregano, sage, Mexican tarragon and rosemary all may be planted now.
Questions? Not sure if you are dealing with a pest or something Pest Control: Spring means new, tender growth on plants. This else? Contact our Master Gardener Help Desk for assistance is the favorite food for aphids. Monitor landscape plants weekly. when necessary, 850-689-5850 (Crestview) or 850-651-7476 (Fort Walton Beach).
WILDLIFE HAPPENINGS
staff
Spring is in full force along the Florida panhandle. Here are some things to be on the look out for during April:
Amphibians: -Pine barrens treefrogs begin calling
Birds: -Bobwhite quail nest now through September -Migrant warblers concentrate along the coast after cold fronts -Hummingbirds will be seen feeding on spring blooms -Grosbeaks, warblers, tanagers, orioles, and thrashers begin returning
Reptiles: -Most Florida snakes begin mating rituals -Sea turtle nesting season begins -Alligators begin moving about seeking new territories and mates
Mammals: -Black bears begin moving after winter’s inactivity -Long-tailed weasels, minks, and river otters will be born now through May -Endangered Gray bats return to Florida caves to raise young
Fish: -The cobia migration is in full swing
Plant extra parsley for black swallowtail butterfly larvae to eat!
Bee coming in for a landing on a camellia blossom. (left) Nuthatch making a nesting hole in a dead pine. (right) Photos by R. Voelker, courtesy of L. Vanderpool
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April, 2016
ON THE TRAIL The trail is alive with Vacciniums. No, that is not some kind of disease, it is blueberries. They are a little different than the type you buy at the grocery store but they are related. In the genus, Vaccinium, there are about 400 worldwide. Our trail only has three that we have found. We do however have the largest of the species in North America, Vaccinium arboreum. The word arboreum comes from the Latin root "arbor" meaning "a tree." So, what is this tree blueberry ? We know it as "sparkleberry," because of its shiny berries. It also has other common names; farkleberry, tree-huckleberry, winterhuckleberry. On the trail we have a few beautiful specimens. It is said that it would take decades for a sparkleberry to get over 10 feet tall. We have some very old residents. The longevity of these specimens may be attributed to its high tolerance to drought, ability to survive in soils that are not highly acidic, (a condition other blueberries require) and high wind resistance. This picturesque little tree has leathery leaves that are oval to nearly circular. They are dark green and shiny above and paler with a network of veins beneath. Although deciduous, leaves persist late into the fall season. In our area they turn a rich purple red in the autumn. Once the leaves have fallen, we can better view the leaning crooked trunk with its reddish bark and twisted, contorted branches. In late spring the tree blooms with white, bell shaped flowers with the fruits maturing in late sum-
An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
by B. Bayer mer. The sparkleberries are a favorite treat for many birds and wildlife. They may be eaten by humans but are bitter and not very tasty and therefore considered inedible. However, they have been used in jellies and pies. There are dozens of different species of highbush blueberries. We have what is believed to be Vaccinium elliotii, mayberry. In early spring, the pinkish flowers in clusters of 2-6 appear before the leaves. These leaves are smaller than most highbush berries and never exceed one inch in length. The mayberry alone has minute teeth with gland -tipped hairs on the leaf margins. Young woody stems are a bright green. Mayberry does best on acidic soils and full sun but can do very well in the light dappled shade that we find along the trail. It can even survive in dense shade. Established plants can tolerate normal drought. In the fall the leaves turn brilliant shades of scarlet prior to dropping. These berry plants require no chemical spray, supplemental water, fertilizer or winter protection. The fruit is excellent to eat but the birds and wildlife may get them first. In addition to being enjoyed by humans the V. stamineum is a favorite of one animal in particular thus the common name "deerberry." They not only eat the berries but also the leaves and twigs. Like most other blueberries they need well drained acidic soil and some sunshine. The sandy soil, abundant pine needles and more than the required 30 inches of rainfall makes an ideal setting on our shade dappled trail. Of all the blueberries this is one of the easiest to identify. In early spring the flowers and leaves come out about the same time. The deciduous leaves are egg shaped and green on top with a distinctively whitish underside. The white bell shaped flowers look similar to other blueberries with the exception that the yellowish stamens (its namesake) protrude beyond the flowers edge. They appear like little yellow shaving brushes. In late spring or early summer the usually sweet-spicy tasting , pale bluish to purple berries appear. All of the above may be used in a native plant garden.
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April, 2016
A CREEK RUNS THROUGH IT
by D. Gordon
There is no question that spring has arrived in all of its glory. Plants and animals are both active and letting us know that great things are going to happen in the coming weeks. We saw the first male Ruby-Throated Hummingbird in the garden on March 18th. We immediately placed sugar water in the feeder and he found it quickly. This is a little early for the hummers but they don’t always look at our calendar. There is very little activity from goldfinches around the feeders although still lots of local birds. Bluebirds have started building nests in the birdhouses. We expect to see more bird activity in the coming weeks. I have spent time cleaning out the hummingbird/butterfly garden. Many of the perennials have started to show new growth and will be blooming in the coming days. Scattered coreopsis and clover have started to show different stages of blooming. As you can see from the picture thrift is in full bloom and will be for some time. The Peggy Martin Rose is blooming sporadically and will be a mound of color for several weeks. Down on Chestnut Creek the native azaleas are in various stages of blooming. The bright yellow one in bloom is close to the house. There are several different colors dotting the landscape. Mountain Laurel is several weeks away from showing any color. I don’t know any other time of the year when you see so many shades of green. New life is to be found in all aspects of the environment. Enjoy being outside and see what nature has to offer. The Jokester Whose cruel idea was it for the world “lisp” to have an “s” in it?
GOLDEN INVADER Golden bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea) is native to China and was first introduced into the United States in Alabama in 1882 for ornamental purposes. Since that time it has spread or been introduced to the Southeastern U.S. from Maryland to Florida, Louisiana to Arkansas and Oregon. It is a running type of bamboo (spreading mainly by rhizomes) and is also known as “Fishing Pole” bamboo. Golden bamboo is a perennial, reed-like plant that can reach heights of 16 to 40 feet. The canes (stems) are hollow with solid joints and can be 1 to 6 inches in diameter. Leaves are alternate, 3-10 inches long and wide. Flowering is very rare (maybe once every 7 to 12 years). Infestations are commonly found around old home sites and can rapidly expand in size. Golden bamboo can form dense, monocultural thickets that displace native species. Once golden bamboo is established, it is difficult to remove. Golden bamboo thrives in full sun in all but the hottest climates where it requires some shade. It will grow in sparsely wooded secondary forests. Vigorous growth and spread is seen in moist, deep loamy soils. In habitats less than ideal it will continue to grow and spread although at a diminished rate. An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
by D. Stever Golden bamboo is a member of the large family of grasses. It should not be confused with Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) which is native throughout the Southeastern United States. Control is by mechanical (cutting or mowing), Foliar spray or stump cutting and use of Glyphosate. Golden bamboo is listed as a category II invasive in Florida. More Information: http:// www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=3063 http://ncforestservice.gov/publications/Forestry%20Leaflets/ IS10.pdf http://www.se-eppc.org/manual/phau1.html 8
April, 2016
OUT AND ABOUT
Master Gardener Interns soaking up the beauty at the Mobile Flower Show. Photos courtesy of L. Timothy
Pieris plant originally purchased at Weeks Bay Plant Sale a few years ago. Photo courtesy of S. Olsen
Who knew broken pottery pieces could be so lovely? Samples from Tallahassee Nursery. And a Darth Vader grill!....admit it‌.you know you want one. Photos courtesy of D. Stever
An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
Limbed-up Loropetalum. Gorgeous small tree. Photo courtesy of K. Harper
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April, 2016
OUT AND ABOUT Very soon our nursery will have a new floor. Thanks to the recent delivery of sand, we are well on our way to making a new, safer working environment a reality. Photos courtesy of E. Fabian and L. Fabian
NURSERY NOTES The nursery now has a new potting table! The board voted in March to allow the nursery to purchase a replacement potting table for the one built out of scrap wood many years ago which was literally falling apart. The new one is sturdy and has reinforced legs which should stand up to many more new classes of Master Gardeners.
by L. Vanderpool donating plants, bulbs, corms or any other plant part which can be grown or reproduced and by visiting your nursery to purchase plants for your garden or yard. We are also in perpetual need of plain black plastic pot, one gallon size preferred.
Plant production has gotten off to a slow start while awaiting replacement of the existing nursery floor with pavers. We received most of the sand to use as a bed for the pavers but are now waiting on other actions to take place so we can get on with the springtime activities. There was some sales activity after the last two CLL classes when we allowed the students to purchase plants to go along with the lesson for that day. Master Gardeners also had a chance to buy tomatoes and other plants after P. Garrett's bee seminar. All-in-all, the spring has gotten off to a slow start (the super cool mornings lately have not helped) but we hope business will pick up as the season gets warmer. We are offering tomato plants for $1.00 each. Some of these are from seeds donated by L. Timothy at the January meeting. There are also a couple of UF-recommended varieties which do well in this area on the sales table. Please support your nursery by An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
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April, 2016
GARDENER HOLIDAYS April 1st—April Fool’s Day April 22nd—Earth Day April 22nd—Passover Begins April 27th—Administrative Professional’s Day April 30th—Passover Ends
Bat Appreciation Week 3-9 National Volunteer Week 10-16 International Wildlife Film Week 16-23 Interstate Mullet Toss 22-24 National Environmental Education Week 24-30
Month Holidays Atlanta Food & Wine Month Fresh Florida Tomatoes Month Frog Month Grange Month Home Improvement Time National Grilled Cheese Sandwich Month National Garden Month National Pecan Month National Pest Management Month National Safe Digging Month Straw Hat Month
Daily Observances National Love Your Produce Manager Day 2nd Tater Day 4th Hostess Twinkie Day 6th National Farm Animals Day 10th National Pecan Day 14th National Orchid Day 16th Bat Appreciation Day 17th National Garlic Day 19th National Pretzel Day 26th National Herb Day 30th
The Jokester Why don’t you ever see the headline “Psychic Wins Lottery”?
Weekly Observances International Tree Climbing Days 2-3
LIFE-LONG LEARNING
by M. Evors
The spring session of CLL, “Gardening in the Florida Panhandle” has come to an end. M. Evors and L. Vanderpool closed out the session with a “fun” class—”Color Pots: Container Gardening to Add Color and Interest.” There was a short slideshow followed by a hands-on demonstration. The three demo pots were given as door prizes and you can see from the happy faces that they were appreciated. Over the semester, many timely topics were covered by excellent presenters: Underused Trees and Shrubs; Lawns; Shade Gardening; Fertilizers; Herbicides and Pesticides; Color for Spring and Summer; Gardening to Attract Butterflies and Hummingbirds.’ Registration hit capacity level and attendance was good. All the speakers and topics received excellent reviews.
Photos courtesy of M. Evors. Winners shown: Richard, Linda and Nita. Congratulations! An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
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April, 2016
BOOK REVIEW Sapiens: A Brief History of Mankind by Yuval Noah Harari (ISBN-10: 0062316095, non-fiction, published 2015) This book is both a wrist bender as well as a mind bender. Over four hundred pages of high quality paper and filled with concepts from the development of early man to his present condition. For those that require a horticultural aspect of book reviews, a new concept of agriculture and the effects upon mankind is presented. Also, you will find this is not your standard dry reading of history with dates, places and individuals but a very interesting review of culture and how we have changed over the millennia. The author reviews aspects of society that we take for granted and defines them in a very practical manner while stressing cooperation and trust as the two things that allow civilization to thrive. His writing style is both informative and at times humorous. As with any work of this magnitude you may discover things you do not agree with as they may seem contrary to your pattern of thought. However this quote from the book may allow you to pause and reconsider, “Consistency is the playground of dull minds.” With this in mind, I am reminded of a favorite quote of mine from years ago, “The most difficult thing for any adult to accomplish is to maintain an open mind.” If you keep this in the foremost of your thoughts you will find this book is a treasure trove of concepts. Here are a few diverse bits of information I found interesting.
by E. Smith
Way back when barley was used as money, women were paid only half as much as men. Money is the only trust system created by humans than can bridge any cultural gap. Cultures are mental parasites that emerge accidentally and thereafter take advantage of the people infected by them. The real test of “knowledge” is not whether it is true but whether it empowers us. In most countries more people are dying of obesity than starvation. Does happiness really depend on self-delusion? Most scientific studies are funded because somebody believes they can attain some economic, political or religious goal.
While these few comments barely scratch the surface, they do provide some insight into the author’s broad spectrum of thought. If any of these strike a chord of dissonance or pique your interest, I feel you will enjoy this book. It is in our County Library System.
Just in time for spring! A little rebus fun! Can you figure out what flowers are named below? More rebus puzzles on page 14.
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UPDATED PUBLICATIONS School Gardens - This 4-page fact sheet discusses the benefits of school gardens to children and teachers, different types of school gardens, and points to consider while planning. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1463 Tong Hao - A member of the daisy family (and a relative of lettuce) Tong Hao is an important Asian vegetable. This 4-page fact sheet provides background information and includes information on growing, harvesting, and cooking it. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1276
staff Ag PhD Soil Test for Android and iOS. Tool used in conjunction with laboratory results for soil testing. BeeSmart for Android and iOS. Guide to select plants that are for pollinators specific to your area. Calibrate My Sprayer for Android and iOS. Aids in the proper calibration of spraying equipment. Citrus Pests Key for Android. Screening aid to assist in determining citrus insect pests.
Arundo donax L. (Giant Reed) - This 5-page fact sheet Citrus Pests Key for iOS. Screening aid to assist in determining describes the biology of this species and explains some strategies citrus insect pests. for its control. Palm ID Key for Android and iOS. Assist in identifying various http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr396 cultivated palms and the diseases and pests that affect them. The Green-Spore Poison Parsol Mushroom, Palm Screening Aid Key for Android and iOS. Assist in Cholorphyllum molybdites - This 4-page fact sheet described the morphology, ecology, and distribution of the green identifying pests affecting palm species, grouping pests into a variety of categories. -spored mushroom as well as its toxicology and how to treat poisoning from this mushroom. Federal Noxious Weeds Key for Android and iOS. Informative http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp324 resource that provides a list of potentially invasive weeds from around the world. Leprosy - This 4-page fact sheet describes the disease in humans and armadillos and explains how to avoid it and limit its Harvest to Hand for Android and iOS. Browse for local Farmers’ spread. Markets, CSAs and Food & Beverage. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw408 NEW AND REVISED FEATURED CREATURES PUBLICATIONS Paper Wasp, Red Wasp http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1112
ID Weeds for Android and iOS. Reference for identification of common weeds. Like That Garden for Android and iOS. See a plant, take a photo, and find out what it is. HELPFUL HINT DOWNLOADING YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Broad-Tipped Conehead Katydid http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1115 Viburnum Leaf Beetle http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in656 Strawberry Leafroller http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1118 Stable Fly http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1114 HANDY AND HELPFUL GARDENING APPS
Ever wanted to be able to save a YouTube video? Now you can. For example: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=M1F0lBnsnkE You want to save this for future watching. Simply type ss before youtube. So you would have https:// www.ssyoutube.com/watch?v+M1FolBnsnkE. This will open up a new window--Save from Net. It takes a minute or so to complete but you’ll see an image of your video with the options available to download. Simply click on one of those options and you can download that pesky pruning video to watch whenever you want! And guess what...it’s free!
AccuWeather for Android. Provides weather forecasts. AccuWeather for iOS. Provides weather forecasts. The Jokester Ag PhD Field Guide for Android. Identification of weeds by name or photo with up-to-date agronomy information.
Why don’t you ever see headline “Psychic Wins Lottery!”?
AgPhD Field Guide for iOS. Identification of weeds by name or photo with up-to-date agronomy information.
An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
13
April, 2016
RECIPE ROUND-UP Easy Gluten Free Oat Waffles from cookieandkate.com Ingredients 1 1/2 cups oat flour 2 teaspoons baking powder 1/2 teaspoon salt Pinch of cinnamon (optional) 3/4 cup room temperature milk of choice (light coconut milk, nut milk, cow’s milk) 1/4 cup + 1 tablespoon melted coconut oil or 5 tablespoons butter, melted 2 large eggs 2 tablespoons maple syrup 1 tablespoon vanilla
2.
3.
Country Supper Waffles Ingredients 6 slices bacon, cooked and crumbled 2 cups all-purpose flour 4 teaspoons baking powder 1 teaspoon salt 2 cups milk 4 eggs, separated 1 cup melted butter 1/2 cup grated cheese Directions 1.
Plug in waffle iron.
2.
In a medium bowl, sift together flour, baking powder, and salt. In a separate bowl, combine egg yolks and milk until well blended. With your mixer, beat egg whites until stiff peaks form. Pour egg mixture into flour and beat just enough to moisten. Stir in slightly cooled butter, crumbled bacon and cheese. Fold in egg whites leaving little clumps of the white.
3. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients. Stir with a big spoon until just combined (the batter will be lumpy). Let the batter rest for 10 minutes so the oat flour has time to 4. soak up some of the moisture. Plug in your waffle iron to preheat now.
Pour enough batter onto heated waffle iron so it spreads to about 1 inch from the edges. Close lid and do not open while the waffle is baking.
Directions 1.
by V. Graham and staff
In a mixing bowl, whisk together the dry ingredients: oat flour, baking powder, salt, and cinnamon. In another bowl, whisk together the wet ingredients: milk, melted coconut oil, eggs, maple syrup, and vanilla. (If coconut oil solidifies on contact with cold ingredients, gently heat the wet mixture in the microwave in ten second intervals until melted again.)
Give the batter one more stir with your spoon. Pour batter onto heated waffle iron, enough to cover the center and most 5. of the central surface area and close the lid. Once the waffle is deeply golden and crisp, transfer it to a cooling rack or baking sheet. Don’t stack your waffles on top of each other or they’ll lose crispness. If desired, keep your waffles warm by placing them in a 200 degree oven until you’re ready to serve.
Bake until steaming stops or the light on iron goes on. Loosen waffle with fork and remove to warm platter. Reheat waffle iron before pouring on more batter. Serve with butter and your favorite syrups or fruit toppings.
Historically a rebus was an ornamental device associated with a person to whose name it punningly alludes. Today, such puzzles are created where combinations of pictures and individual letters represent words. Rebus were used extensively in heraldic expression and have even been the basis of some game shows. Answers in next month’s issue
An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
14
April, 2016
M. Stewart —Editor S. Farrell , K. Harper, V. Graham and S. Berry—co-editors
Have pictures or an idea for an article? Send it in! Articles and pictures are always welcome.
Mission To assist Extension Agents in providing research-based horticultural education to Florida residents. Vision To be the most trusted resource for horticultural education in Florida.
LAST WORD I am very glad to see the end of March. I’m not sure if the Ides of March had anything to do with it but something was definitely amiss with the Universe. It began with taking out the trash late one night. Back into the house and standing in the kitchen with Happy Hubby when BOOM! Okay, cue two adults staring at each other and trying to figure out what just exploded. Then two adults sneaking up on the garage door, opening said door cautiously. HH immediately pointed out that a garage door spring should not be in two pieces. Hmmm. Having never had such a thing happen, check the internet. After about the 3rd page of DANGER, DEATH, MUTILIATION warnings--I get the hint that one should not attempt to (a) use the garage door in its current state and (b) this is not a job for anything less than a guy who will require a sizable check. Did I mention this happened on a Saturday night? Did I mention that HH has oral surgery scheduled for the following Tuesday? Did I also mention that HH is 6’1” and I have a small car? You see, my little car is OUTSIDE and the big Jeep is INSIDE, effectively trapped. Now HH can get in and out of my car but it isn’t pretty. Definitely need to get this bad boy fixed. Make it through the weekend and first thing Monday morning I find the appropriate fix-it person who, thankfully, can be there the same day. Yipee! Life lesson #1: Do not celebrate too soon when one’s house is having a temper tantrum. I should take a moment to mention that we have done a few improvements to our tantrum throwing house in order to improve energy efficiency. One of these is a timer on the hot water heater. We’ve had that timer installed long enough that I’m used to the times when we may not have super hot water. That being said, I noticed that the hot water was REALLY hot in the morning. By really hot, I mean steam was coming from it. Hmmmm. Strange but chalked up to the timer had not kicked it off yet. This is on Monday. The same day the lovely person is fixing my garage door. The following day HH has his oral surgery. Fast forward to the evening hours (of course after 5 pm) and THERE IS NO HOT WATER! Seriously? Check the circuit breakers, fine. Check the timer, appears fine. Disconnect timer, still nothing. Hot water heater is DOA. Spend the remainder of the evening heating up water on the stove and schlepping through the house to the bathroom. Fill up enamel wash basins. Repeat. Remind HH
An Okaloosa County Master Gardener Publication
by M. Stewart that the water in the basins is really hot. He tests water and promptly scalds two fingers. Find burn cream and treat. Life Lesson #2: Husbands will not realize that boiling water poured into metal wash basins will remain in a very hot state for longer than 15 minutes. We both manage to get washed up. Getting ready for bed and HH casually mentions, “Did I tell you the toilet seat broke?” Life Lesson #3: When stuff starts to happen it comes in three’s. Would you believe that I had a spare toilet seat? (yes, I’m weird). Get that taken care of and the following day, get HH to the oral surgeon. While he’s enjoying having a tooth extracted, I’m out in the parking lot trying to find a plumber who will come fix the hot water heater. One company stated flat out they wouldn’t even fix a heater that is 10 years old. Another one said they could come out the following week. Life Lesson #4: Plumbers know that they have you just where they want you. Finally find a nice gentleman who can be at the house by 4 pm. Remembering Life Lesson #1 I am silently thankful. Plumber arrives early. He actually called first! Discovers the problem is that both thermostats are fried. Just happens to have the correct replacements. He stays to make sure everything is working correctly and even sings a little jingle when the job is completed! (a little nerve wracking but a cute little touch nonetheless) Hot water. We have hot water at the turn of the tap. It’s the little things in life. After all of that I will admit that I actually pulled the file to see when we last had the septic pumped out. Oh yeah, I wouldn’t have put it past our temper-tantrum throwing house to have thrown that one into the mix! All is back in order, time to relax. HH suggests we watch a movie. THE SOUND SYSTEM ISN’T WORKING……. Life Lesson #5: Life Lesson #3 is a bunch of hooey! This is the fourth thing and now I’m dealing with HH who is busily pushing buttons on the remote while I’m trying to find out what is plugged into what! I quit! I’m done! Last ditch effort of unplugging system from one outlet and putting it into another solved the problem. Seems that one outlet on the battery backup is toast. Lightning strike anyone? So folks, just remember, on those days when things just don’t want to work right, CHEER UP! You could be living in my world!
Plentiful Plantings April, 2016