Jamaica Stock Exchange Junior Exchange Seminar 20 February 2009 IPO Valuation
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“Price is what you pay. Value is what you get.” Warren Buffett
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Pre IPO Value Factors Private capital structure – Equity & Debt Post IPO capital structure Market value of assets – employed assets and redundant assets Intangible value and goodwill created as a private entity Business model & business plan Comparable industry valuations or transactions Risk 3
IPO Pricing Methodologies IPO pricing is a triangulation of valuation methodologies, factors and considerations Traditional valuation techniques Industry Comparables Company characteristics Intangibles 4
IPO Price Box Traditional Valuation Techniques
Industry Comparables
Capitalizing earnings/profits after tax
Industry metric benchmarks
Discounted cash flows
Listed company comparables
EBITDA Multiple
Comparable business models
Price to Book Value
Recent Transactions
Company Characteristics
$ IPO PRICE
Performance metrics – profit margins, ROA, ROE Growth Rates
Intangibles Brand appeal, recognition and value Management team Trademarks and copyrights
Client mix and demographic
Industry and market conditions
Capital structure
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Traditional Valuation Techniques Past financial performance – focus on growth, profitability, cash generation/burn, ROA, ROE Cash flow projections demonstrating future growth and how IPO cash injection will be deployed in the business Net asset/book value of the business – asset valuations may be necessary Identifying non recurring income and expenses – normalising income 6
Industry Comparables Company performance metrics vs industry standard Listed company comparables to guide on price multiples, leverage and performance ratios Free float of shares Pricing on past IPOs in the same industry Tracking price movement of listed industry counterparts 7
Industry PEs on the Big Board Average Industry P/E Ratios a s a t 17 Februa ry 2009
20.00
18.25
18.00 16.00
14.39
14.00 12.00
9.91 10.00
8.16 8.00
6.36
6.64
Finance
Conglomorates
5.65
6.00 4.00 2.00 General Services
Hotel
Insurance
Manufacturing Mkt. Average* * Excludes P /E ratio fo r Hardware & Lumber
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Company Characteristics Stage in the business cycle – customer growth, demographic and geographic spread Past performance, with a focus on most recent – 3-5 years – has there been growth How is the business financed – Debt to Equity The impact of the IPO on the future performance of the company reduce debt or expand enhanced income tax incentives on the Junior Market
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Intangibles Brand value, appeal & recognition – strong brand and trademarks owned by the company may warrant a higher price Market conditions – is the time right for an IPO – is there growing demand for the product, will a reduction in debt servicing improve performance significantly Governance and Management – experience, future involvement, technical abilities and commitment 10
Valuation vs JSE Price The intrinsic value of a company very often differs from the market determined price, but there is liquidity and access to capital.
A valuation exercise may include information that is not available to the public Discussions are held with management and boards that allow the valuator to make judgments on both a qualitative and a quantitative basis Market prices tend to reflect the minority position rather than an en bloc value of the business
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Post IPO Value Factors Meeting business and strategic plan objectives presented pre IPO Growing revenues, profits and market share Liquidity of the stock following listing Disclosure and corporate governance Sustained strong leadership in the management team
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Sierra Associates Limited Financial Advisory & Business Valuation Professionals Kathleen A J Moss, CBV Email: kajmoss@sierraassociatesja.com
Andrew Leo-Rhynie, CBV Email: a.leorhynie@sierraassociatesja.com
Mailing Address: 1A Braemar Avenue Kingston 10 876 978 6535/6
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