THE SOCIAL NETWORK TACTICAL POINTS . ACTIVE SURFACES . BIFURCATE LINES DESIGN REPORT
Advisor: HWANG, Cheng Chun Patrick
Phwang@cuhk.edu.hk
(+852) 3943 6581
Team B Member: CHEUNG, Chi Ying Shirley CHAN, Hiu Ling Leila HO, Tze Wai Jimmy WONG, Chun Kit Marco
cycheungshirley@gmail.com leila_today@yahoo.com.hk jimmytwho@gmail.com chunkitwongmarco@gmail.com
(+852) 6774 0027 (+852) 5128 2202 (+852) 9143 6750 (+852) 6741 3444
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It all starts with life. Life we spot in every nook and cranny of Mumbai. Scenes of all sorts of social encounter in the street market to slum dwellers who wash in the filthy nullah. From the most versatile to the least attended part of Mumbai, public life characterizes the aura of the city. Public space engenders social cohesion to people of all caste as well as opportunities to livelihood. The anarchic quality is the authenticity yet the cause of sanitation, insecurity and congestion problems - the extreme condition Mumbaikars face everyday. With the belief that public spaces are beacons of a better urban life, the Social Network is a movement in response to the chaotic condition in Mumbai. Embracing public life while resisting against the inhabitable factors; the reconstruction of a network of social connectors, through the synergy of tactical points, active surface and bifurcating lines, turn Sewri into a more habitable place to dwell. Seemingly a top down rational plan imposed on the existing disorder setting, the Social Network opts for a bottom-up approach which is sensitive to its users at every point of action. Public space is to be perceived rather than prescribed; the active role of building mass in every tactical point begins a dialogue with the surrounding passive open spaces. Provision of tactical points allows tactics to take place, where appropriation of public space is carried out by the users themselves rather than the authority. The intimate relationship between building mass, public space and public life becomes the agenda of the proposal. Evolving itself from an introverted role to a leading position in the Eastern District of Mumbai, Sewri is right at the crossroad of future development and its past. As a transportation hub serving national population, life pattern will inevitably change with the dynamic flow. To improve the living quality while characterize the authenticity of Mumbai would be the balance to strive for. Amidst the fast paced development, public life is the last thing to be preserved. 1
“First Life, then Spaces, then Buildings,
�
the other way around never works.
Jan Gehl.
Objective and Vision Reconstruct a network of social connectors to extend the collective and versatile public life of Mumbai over the development of a more inclusive and habitable city.
Allow social life to grow as oppose to be ceased upon development Reconnect the excluded group with equity in Habitation and public space opportunities Accounts for specific needs for different user groups not limited to any gender, age, occupations and social caste. Improve the existing extreme urban conditions prone to insecurity, sanitation and congestion, etc Acquire the intense and ever-growing demands for habitation through highdensity living Mitigate the environmental pollution in the long run through transportation, land use zoning and economic transformation
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C
ONTENT Mumbai Public Space
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Design Strategies
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Environmental Vision
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// Tactical Points and Active Surfaces Synergy of Points and Surfaces
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Social Loci
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Active Surfaces
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// Bifurcate Lines Transportation Network
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Pedestrian Streets
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// Vertical Communities
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Mumbai Habitation Study
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Habitation Distribution
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High Density Communities
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Study on Mumbai Public Space Points
Surface
Train Station / Street Junction / Temple
Working
Resting
Trading
Line
Sportsground / Street Junction / Beach
Working
Points refer to nodes and landmarks which are strategic spots in a city where people within nearby communities or of common interests would gather and stay. It usually exists as junctions, places of break in transportation. Informal working sectors appropriate these spaces for trading, resting or small group gathering, turning it a strong social magnet in community level
Playing
Resting
Clothes Washing
Street Market / Roadside / Promenade
Gathering
Resting
Trading
Gathering
Surface refers to open spaces designated by the Mumbai Municipal. Most of them relate to sports and leisure activities. Occasional events or festivals will be held serving a wide range of users. However, insufficient open spaces (1.1 sq.m per capita with UDPH standard of 10.12 sq.m per capita) is a general phenomenon in Mumbai.
Lines refer to channels which allows for potential moves and occasion stops. They are mainly streets, walkways and railroads. Mumbaikars appropriate these linear spaces with multi programmes from economic to social activities. Accessibility and walkability affects the pedestrian MOTOR BIKE PEDESTRIAN movements in lines especially when walking is their major mode of transportation. Street life in Mumbai is the most versatile among all types of public space. Yet they are always associated with sanitization and pedestrian safety issue.
Underused / Gated Municiple dedicated Open Space
Multiplicity street quality , Safety concern
Site Issue Congestion in specific points
Eating
MOTORBIKE BIKE MOTOR
PEDESTRIAN PEDESTRIAN
RICKSHAW
SELLING
Hygiene and waste
Lack of public service /cultural facilties
RICKSHAW RICKSHAW
Undeveloped Waterfront
Inaccessiblility
SELLING SELLING JUNCTION WITH HIGH FATALITY
Hygieneand andwaste waste Hygiene
JUNCTIONWITH WITHHIGH HIGHFATALITY FATALITY JUNCTION
Train Station Public Facilities Temple Junction
Sportsground Park Industrial Plant 4
Design Strategies Tactical Points Each Tactical Point is spaced at 600m,set in a systematic way in response to the anarchic urban condition in Mumbai, especially Sewri. The site is a testing ground for the application of the system. Extensive application can spread to the rest of Mumbai, not limited to the proposed site. Situation varies with specific site condition, a planned system yet respect and concern with the life form at each spot. The grid of points acts as score sheet where public life composes on.
Social Loci Every Tactical Point is anchored by a Social Loci with programme specific to surrounding neighborhood within 10 minutes walking distance. With nodes or landmarks, surrounding open spaces can be well-articulated by the anticipated users and appropriated with unexpected happenings. The kinetic nature of the open spaces is strengthened by the static structure where improvisation is allowed.
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Bifurcating & Hierachical Network Bifurcating the existing network enhances accessibility, especially access to the proposed tactical points, active surfaces and currently underused open spaces. Pedestrian networks fulfill the requirements of public space while connected to other functioning urban system of public transit, pedestrian movement, economic activities and public facilities etc. Hierarchical Networks segregates pedestrian activities from heavy traffics, promoting road safety and relieve traffic congestion.
Varying Scale of Public Space Different scale of Public Space promotes different kinds of social encounter. The scale tends to increase towards the eastern waterfront, where a large esplanade is provided to hold large mass. Social Loci like prominent landmarks will be distributed along the promenade to activate the surface, while inner city region are designated with more localized facilities.
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Environmental ConnectVision to clean air & water Economic transformation Sewri evolves from an introverted role to a leading position in the Eastern District of Mumbai. The waterfront, industrial historical background, ecological site are potential assets for the transformation from an industrial site to a more environmental friendly region. Economic transformation engenders a healthier environment in the long run.
MANGROVE GROWTH RATE DECREASES
AIR AND WATER POLLUTION FROM INDUSTRES
MANGROVE GROWTH RATE INCREASES
AIR QUALITY IMPROVE WATER QUALITY IMPROVE
10 YEARS 5 year
NOW now
MANGROVE GROWTH RATE INCREASES
MANGROVE GROWTH RATE INCREASES
AIR QUALITY IMPROVE WATER QUALITY IMPROVE
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3010YEARS year
AIR QUALITY IMPROVE WATER QUALITY IMPROVE
50 YEARS 20 year
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TACTICAL POINTS & ACTIVE SURFACES
Social Loci within Tactical Points
Landmarks and Icons
Open Space per capita
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Synergy of Points and Surfaces
Proposed Tactical Points and Active Surfaces 9
Reconfiguration of Social Pattern Proposed points re-configure the social pattern in Sewri and re-distribute the occupation of public spaces. Residents no longer flock to few hot spots which were overcrowded and ill-conditioned; instead they will be evenly distributed across the site ensuring everyone can connect to public life with equity.
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Social Loci User sensitive programming Public facilities, Resource Center and other Communal alike facilities are distributed in the inner part of the city for the benefits and needs of the people in poverty as the inner region is dominated by slum and pavement dwellers. Moving towards the waterfront, more prominent buildings like Transportation Hub proposed for the Worli Sea-Link Interchange and landmarks will serve as the Social Loci for a wide spectrum of users from local residents to commuters or even tourists.
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Social Loci Hybrid Building Design Hybridity implies diversity. In the Public Service Building, Social Loci in one of the tactical points, residential, public service as well as office is all mixed up within the block. Diverse user groups are beneficial to the large square in front of the building. The square will be occupied by diverse user groups who live, visit or work nearby. It can ensure the public area will be well articulated at different time of the day.
Public Service Buillding 13
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Social Loci Proximity to Pulbic Transit Mumbaikar spent majority time in a day on travelling to work, in our proposed Transportation Hub, High rise living is promoted to accommodate a certain amount of inhabitants especially the commuters who need to travel everyday to work. Markets and other business related activities are also incorporated to serve commuters and even tourists.
Transportation Hub 15
Co-habitation of working and living Co-habitation is a lifestyle commonly found in Mumbai, people work and live under the same shelter in Slum, Mercantile Houses, Agrarian Villages etc. Co-habitation allows its inhabitants sustain their own living within a walkable zone, minimizing the reliance on transportations.
Public facilites for the unpriviledged
Water Resource Center
Slum dwellers and people living in poverty are often leave unattended. The slum-prone region is one of the tactical moments to be take care of in our proposal. Social Loci in these regions are mainly planned for communal services. The Water Resource Center is a provision for water, where inhabitants and surrounding neighborhood can share the resources as a way to alleviate water shortage. Kitchens, bathrooms and laundry acts as magnet for the needy while social interaction is encouraged.
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Active Surfaces Social Loci activate large Surface Underused Surfaces like sportground and parks together with the virgin promenade area will be activated through a more comprehensive pedestrian network; nearby upcoming habitation programmes and the Social Loci. Large open spaces usually suffer from non-programmed or mono-programmed cause; Hybrid Building as Social Loci sustains the large open space with multiple programmes and diverse user groups.
Large scale Public Square in front of hybrid Public Service Buillding 17
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BIFURCATE LINES
max. 30m
6M P E D E S T R I A N
2M 2.2M 2M B I C Y C L E
M E D I A N
P A R K I N G
6M
TRAVEL LANE
Road Width: 30m
Street Width : Building Height 1 -1.2
Mutiplicity on Street
Pedestrian Oriented Street
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Transportation Network
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Green mode of Transportation Introduction of environmentally friendly transportation and reliance on walking promotes a less polluted environment in the long run. Public transportation infrastructure alleviates air pollution caused by exhausts from cars while providing a points for social encounter at terminals, piers or even bicycle sheds.
Mitigation of Congestion Exploitation of Marine transportation is a potential solution to the current traffic congestion. It provides a more environmental transportation alternative to different parts of Mumbai; while public piers are infrastructural means to draw residents, commuters and tourists to the promenade.
Accesible underused Surface Bifurcating pedestrian networks reconnects inhabitants in Sewri with the inaccessible underused open spaces. These remote parks or sportsground has not been well articulated. Accessible network together with walkable street design promotes usage of these existing surfaces.
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Pedestrian Streets Pedestrian-oriented Walkable Network Points and Surfaces are supported by easily accessible and walkable transportation network. Public Spaces like street is the most popular spot to hang around in developing countries. It is where people can easily get access to and is free of charge. Street and roadside designs are of paramount concern in terms of both accessibility and walkability.
40m Proposed dimension for different types of street
Retain multiplicity of Mumbai street life with safety Streets are not solely planned for walking but should have wide enough dimension to perform multiple functions, from sleeping, selling, to playing.To retain the versatile street life of Mumbai while creating a more sanitized and safe condition to the pedestrian, a more clear segregation of activities along streets are solution to both road safety and traffic congestion.
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30m
20m
8-11m
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VERTICAL COMMUNITIES
Living Space per Capita
Flexible FSI
Working-cum-Living
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Mumbai Habitation Study Low Income
Working
Celebrating
Slum Dharavi Area / person: 2-8 sq.m
Chatting
Playing
Playing
Communicating
Communicating
Chatting
Trading
Chawl Haji Kasam Chawl Ohawla by private Enterprise Area / person: 2.6 sq.m
Chatting
Working
Worshipping
Agarian Village Bhainu House House in Vereova Fishing Village Area / person: 10 sq.m
Haji Kasam Chawl Chawls by private Enterprise Haji Kasam Chawl Chawls by private Enterprise Area / pers : 2.6 sqm
1:500
Bhainu Hous House in Ve Fishing Villag
Area / pers : 2.6 sqm
Bhainu House House in Versova Fishing Village
1:200
Area / pers : 10 sqm
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Area / pers :
Middle Income
Chatting
High Income
Playing
Resting
Mass Housing Building No. 30 Mass Housing by State after Independence Area / person: 10 sq.m
Apartment New Monica Private apartment of 70s and 80s Area / person: 12.6 sq.m
Condominium/ Township Glen Heights Township Housing Area / person: 40 sq.m
Building No. 30 Mass housing by the state after independence 1:200
Area / pers : 10 sqm
Nav Monica Private apartments of 70s and 80s Area / pers : 12.6 sqm
Nav Monica Private apartments of 70s and 80s 1:200
Area / pers : 12.6 sqm
Glen Heights New Suburban Township Housing Area / pers : 40 sqm
Glen Heights New Suburban Township Housin 1:200
Area / pers : 40
Haji Kasam Chawl Chawls by private Enterprise Area / pers : 2.6 sqm
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Habitation Distribution
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Proximity to Tactical Points Proposed habitation clusters are located in proximity to Social Loci as a reaction to the current underused open spaces with remote location. Part of the new developed habitations intend to activate the underused surfaces within the existing context.
Reactivate Surface Proposed habitation clusters are located in proximity to Social Loci as a reaction to the current underused open spaces with remote location. Part of the new developed habitations intend to activate the underused surfaces within the existing context. 26
High Density Communities Verticality by Locality With the restriction imposed by current FSI, verticality is a limitation in the context of Mumbai. To accommodate a population of 100,000 within the 1 sq. km area, we proposed to increase the FSI by locality as opposed to the blanket FSI all over Sewri. In such, ample public spaces and humane living conditions and can be guaranteed to everyone amidst the high dense living environment. In quantitative terms, the Open space per capita will increase from 1.1 to 2.5 sq.m while living space per capita is 8 sq.m at a minimum.
Inclusive Habitation The emerging Condominiums are being developed in Sewri at the expense of a stable dwelling for slum and pavement dwellers. Inclusiveness in Habitation becomes a pivot of the scheme. Different income groups are provided with housing according to specific living area per person. With a premise to accommodate 100,000 populations in the proposed site; design for vertical communities offers a clue to high dense yet collective living environment to people of all caste.
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The new development anticipates to accommodate a total population of 100,000 within the 1sq.km territory. To retain urban form and perception of street, housing along pedestrian road remain at similar height at a FSI of 2. Owning to a high development potential as well as demands for habitations close to public transit, lots along the railway; adjacent to the transportation interchange will be developed with more high -rise, and mid-rise housing.
Site area : 1 sq. km Population : 122,578 FSI : Varies by Locality / Develpopment Potential from 2 to 6.9 28
High Density Communities Collective Living Collective spaces are accounted for neighborhood in the new type of habitation design regardless of its verticality and density.
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