TRAVELER’S GUIDE
FREE ADMISSION FOR MEMBERS TO 50+ SITES!
Walk in 2,000-YEAR-OLD FOOTSTEPS at Fort Ancient!
p. 10
Discover HOW TO ENGAGE KIDS at Historic Sites
p. 20
Learn How to KEEP EYES ON HISTORICAL MARKERS
p. 34
FREE ADMISSION FOR MEMBERS TO 50+ SITES!
Walk in 2,000-YEAR-OLD FOOTSTEPS at Fort Ancient!
p. 10
Discover HOW TO ENGAGE KIDS at Historic Sites
p. 20
Learn How to KEEP EYES ON HISTORICAL MARKERS
p. 34
Learning about history is more than just memorizing dates and events. It’s about experiencing Ohio’s stories, considering why things happened the way they did and exploring the rich heritage that lives in your own backyard!
And history never stops. New ideas and events happen every day.
You are a part of history, too. When you visit one of our sites and ride a canal boat like they did in the 1800s or follow in 2,000-year-old footsteps at one of the Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks locations, you are making lasting memories and writing stories that you’ll pass on. Isn’t that what history is? A collection of stories!
If you’re inspired to visit one—or several!—of our historic sites and museums, I recommend purchasing an Ohio History Connection membership. A membership is your personal passport to history, with free regular admission to our 50-plus sites throughout Ohio, as well as other benefits and discounts.
Whether you are visiting a site, attending an event or becoming a member, thank you. Your support helps us preserve and share Ohio’s stories with future generations.
Now, go make some history of your own!
Megan Wood, Executive Director & CEO
Become a member!
When you visit Ohio Village, you are stepping back in time to the turn of the 19th century, but that wasn’t always the case. It’s time to take a not so far step back!
When the Ohio History Connection, then the Ohio Historical Society, was planning their new headquarters, they were also planning to create a living history museum. While the Ohio History Center opened in 1970, construction on Ohio Village didn’t begin until after the 1971 Ohio State Fair.
Ohio Village was designed by Cleveland Architect, Robert C. Gaede, who is also responsible for other living history villages in Ohio, including Century Village in Burton and Historic Roscoe Village in Coshocton. Carefully designed to look as though it had been built over decades from the settlement of Ohio through the Civil War, in reality it was all built at once except the school, church and John Hauck Foundation Welcome center which were added in the following decades.
Though the buildings are inspired by real buildings of Ohio, none of them are known to be replicas of specific buildings. By taking a closer look at Ohio Village, you can see the juxtaposition the Ohio History Connection intended; a historical living history village next to a brutalist modern-looking museum.
Ohio Village has over a dozen buildings for you to experience life over 100 years ago including an old-fashioned schoolhouse, a hotel and tavern, a village bakery and more. There’s also an emporium where you can purchase a memento for your trip or buy some cookies, candy or cold beverages to quell your appetite. As you roam around, interact with local villagers such as the pharmacist or the women from the women’s study club. There’s plenty to see and learn.
While the village’s season typically only runs through the summer, there are special opportunities during Halloween and Christmas to come back and celebrate the holidays as they did in the 1890s. Additionally, there’s usually special programs for events like 4th of July.
If you’re visiting, you can’t miss a game featuring the Ohio Village Muffins and Diamonds, the men and women’s vintage base ball teams that play with 1860s rules, including how they spell the word base ball (two words)! The teams play various other vintage base ball teams around the state, but have several home games at the village on muffins meadow! Be sure to check at ohiohistory.org for their game schedules.
Ohio Village officially turns 50 years old on Saturday, July 27. To celebrate, the villagers are pulling out all the stops with live music from the American Musical Productions, an array of artisans and vaudeville performances. The Founders Day celebration will take place during the State Fair. With buses taking visitors to and from the fair and Ohio Village, it’s the prefect time to stop by and join the festivities.
As you can imagine, after 50 years, Ohio Village is leaning into the “historical” part of the historical village. The village along with the Ohio History Center are preparing to undergo a comprehensive renovation project, part of which is already underway!
Beginning this summer, the new Collections Care Center will complete construction and open to house the Ohio History Connection’s history and natural history collections safely and sustainably. The goal is that by creating a museum best-practice storage space, these artifacts can not only be preserved for future generations but will be more publicly accessible. Ohio Village will also undergo significant infrastructure upgrades, including the addition of an outdoor play space, a reimagined town center (for performances and more), new
experiences for guests, expanded food and beverage offerings, a stronger physical connection between the Ohio History Center, infrastructure upgrades and a safer experience (walkways, lights, connectivity, hardscape streets) for everyone. Due to the extensive nature of the upgrades, Ohio Village will temporarily close after the Ohio State Fair ends on August 4 with plans to reopen in time for America’s 250 celebration in 2026.
“While we never enjoy having to close one of our spaces like the Ohio Village, even temporarily,” says Megan Wood, Ohio History Connection CEO & Executive Director, “our audiences and members will be better served by the end product. We’ll close for renovations to begin after the State Fair ends in 2024, and will be counting down the days until we reopen with a new and improved Village experience in 2026. And don’t worry—we’ll still have October and December Signature Events. They’ll just be reimagined to fit within the Ohio History Center.”
With hard hat opportunities and member forums where feedback and input can help shape the changes, Ohio Village and the Ohio History Connection’s Columbus campus has an exciting future ahead!
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT OHIO VILLAGE and see some historic photos, visit ohiohistory.org/ohiovillage
In 2026, the United States will celebrate the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
Every state is creating their own unique ways of celebrating the semiquincentennial. Ohio is “all in for the semi-quin” and creating experiences for people to learn and experience how Ohio has impacted the nation’s history for 250+ years. Ohio has played a pivotal role in the development of the U.S., and there is a rich tapestry of history to be discovered right here within our borders. America 250-Ohio, the commission for Ohio’s celebration, is creating several exciting programs to help you explore Ohio’s historical sites.
4TH GRADE STUDENTS EXPLORE HISTORY SITES FOR FREE America 250-Ohio in partnership with the Ohio History Connection, Cincinnati Museum Center and Western Reserve Historical Society introduced the 4th Grade History Pass this spring. The pass provides free admission for the 4th grade student when accompanied by a paid adult. This family-friendly program allows 4th graders and their families to explore more than 35 different history-related sites and museums.
To see participating sites and download a pass, visit america250ohio.org/fourth-grade-pass
EXPLORES
Ohio is the birthplace of powered flight and continues to play a significant role in the development of modern aeronautics and space-flight technologies. Imagine being able to follow a statewide trail that helps you see the story arch of aviation/space technology, the important people involved in air and space and hear their stories.
America 250-Ohio is introducing a series of new statewide “Trails & Tales” to explore different topics that demonstrate how Ohio and Ohioans have impacted different aspects of American life. These trails will be storyfocused, where you can learn about the people and their stories by visiting a related history site and experiencing the story through their eyes. The Ohio Air & Space Trail features more than 30 sites across Ohio.
If you find yourself near Ashland, Ohio, take a turn and head eastward on U.S. Route 250 and go about 4 miles. On the left side of the road, you will see the first of the America 250-Ohio painted barns. The barn is on the Rice family farm, a working farm that has been in continuous operation for seven generations. Stop by and get a photo op—the Rice family welcomes you!
WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT AMERICA 250-OHIO AND FUTURE PLANS? Visit america250-ohio.org
By Jason Brill
Setting foot on the grounds of Fort Ancient Earthworks and Nature Preserve in Oregonia feels like walking in someone else’s very old footsteps.
Fort Ancient is one of eight sites that make up the Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks, Ohio’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site, a designation given by the United Nations to sites that are of outstanding universal value. Its inscription in 2023 makes the Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks join the ranks of sites like Machu Picchu, Yellowstone and Stonehenge.
Built around 2,000 years ago by the Ancestors of many modern American Indian tribes, Fort Ancient is a nature lover’s paradise that offers miles of trails, earthen embankments and hidden astronomical connections.
Fort Ancient is the largest hilltop enclosure in North America, a fact that’s not lost on you as you explore the 126acre plateau of the first Ohio State Park, established in 1891.
Sitting above the Little Miami River, much of the space is enclosed by earthen embankments that the Ancestors constructed from one basketful of earth at a time. Many of the embankments, which are as impossibly remarkable as any modernday structure, reach heights of 23 feet.
But rather than feeling like a place of war, as the “fort” name may suggest, the space feels welcoming thanks to more than 67 gateways (or notches) breaking up the embankments. In fact, it was not a defensive fort at all, and American Indians and archaeologists today believe Fort
Ancient more likely served as a community gathering place for ceremonies and more. The space more than likely hosted ancient American Indians from across the continent, as evidenced by finely crafted ceremonial objects made of materials from far away, such as copper from the Lake Superior region. At first, archaeologists thought it was just an example of trading between tribes.
“These objects are now understood as the result of pilgrimages to southern Ohio by American Indians from distant places, not trade, and intended as offerings,” says Pam Hall, Fort Ancient program manager.
The interior of the earthworks, which has interconnected north, middle and south enclosures, also features several mounds, including some covered in limestone slabs. Hall points out that these enclosures were constructed slowly over multiple centuries following an “architectural grammar” rather than a blueprint.
“A suitable analogy might be cathedrals in Europe, in which a great monumental space was constructed by multiple generations who were following principles of design established by the earliest builders,” says Hall. When seen in person, such ancient engineering expertise makes the mind wonder with fascination.
In fact, the site was included as part of Ohio’s World Heritage site because it fit the criteria of being a work of “human creative genius.”
One of the more special areas is Moorehead Circle, a unique set of features near Fort Ancient’s museum. This ceremonial space was possibly a woodhenge, which were circular arrangements of wooden posts. There’s evidence of additional posts in the ground, spaced out several meters apart and in three concentric circles, indicating possible timber architecture. The soil in the center was dense, oxidized red soil, indicating activity associated with intense burning or heating.
“Moorehead Circle probably included many activities associated with a rich ceremonial tradition that honored the changing of the seasons, among other obligations,” says Pam Hall, Fort Ancient program manager.
Further evidence of the earthwork builders’ engineering knowledge can be seen in some of Fort Ancient’s astronomical alignments, including two (of the 67) embankment notches that help form a sort of calendar on the land. At sunrise on the winter solstice, a stone-capped mound and one of these notches line up to point to the exact spot where the sun will peak above the horizon. A similar alignment exists for the summer solstice.
There’s even evidence at Fort Ancient that these American Indian ancestors understood the 18.6-year lunar cycle. When seen in-person, it’s an astonishing lesson on what humans are capable of when they work with nature.
“Ancient peoples across the world lived with the cycles of nature,” Hall says. “Today, we recognize that Indigenous cultures often hold ancient knowledge about plants, animals, and the cosmos that science is just beginning to understand.”
Today, we recognize that Indigenous cultures often hold ancient knowledge about plants, animals, and the cosmos that science is just beginning to understand.
That connection with nature is also apparent on Fort Ancient’s 2.5 miles of trails—after all, the space is also a nature preserve that’s home to birds, woodland animals and plants, flowers, herbs and more. A one mile trail leads to the north lookout, which provides an unbeatable view of the Little Miami River valley, acres of trees and a distant peek at the Jeremiah Morrow Bridge that carries I-71 over the valley.
“It’s very beautiful,” Pam Hall, Fort Ancient program manager, says of the lookout. A connecting trail takes you down 200plus feet into the valley and connects to the Little Miami Scenic Bike Trail — but be prepared to tackle the steep return.
The wooded Mound Trail takes you by small, secluded mounds outside the earthwork. Yet another half-mile trail near the museum takes you through a prairie to spot wildflowers and more. A trail leading to the southern lookout takes you near the place archaeologists suspect ancient visitors to Fort Ancient came up after disembarking from their canoes on the Little Miami.
“A paved limestone path leads from the Little Miami up the steep hillside into the original earthwork gateway,” Hall says.
“People on a pilgrimage would have seen that from a distance and used it to enter the site.”
If you’ve gotten your fill of the outdoors, or just want to learn more, head into Fort Ancient’s brick-and-stone museum, which includes a 9000 sq. foot gallery, a gift shop, and restrooms.
The museum’s exhibits, complete with a mix of artifacts that are both real and replicas, are broken up into three major themes charting the history of American Indians in the land now called Ohio. The first section details the individuals’ trip across the Bering Strait and into North America, at the end of the Ice Age.
Exhibits show how the earliest huntergatherers used wild plant and animal resources in order to survive.
“After the glaciers retreated, Ohio’s landscape included very different plants and animals than it does now ,” Hall says.
The second section, called Tillers of Soil, shows how people’s relationships with plants changed over time. You learn that people began managing wild plants, and those plants changed over many generations to become the earliest domesticated crops more than three thousand years ago. Wild varieties of these plants, including goosefoot, marsh elder, squash, and sunflower, are still around today. You’ll also discover how they learned to take clay from riverbeds to fashion clay pots. This section also includes a fascinating topographical map of the Fort Ancient site.
In section three, you’ll learn how later American Indians made the transition to village life and became true farmers, growing what the Iroquois called the “The Three Sisters:” maize, beans and squash. One of this section’s coolest artifacts is an actual Chippewa canoe from the period after contact with Europeans.
Wrap things up with a memento from the Fort Ancient gift shop, including books, jewelry, mugs, and T-shirts. But keep an eye out as Fort Ancient frequently freshens up their offerings with new items. Fort Ancient’s gift shop includes artwork and objects made by American Indian craftspeople representing tribes from this region.
Want more? Visit Fort Ancient’s seven other sister sites that make up the Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks. These sites, located in Newark and Chillicothe respectively, share similar traits to Fort Ancient. All are gigantic earthen enclosures built by American Indians 2,000 years ago. While Fort Ancient is a hilltop enclosure, other sites such as the Great Circle Earthworks and Hopeton Earthworks are geometric earthworks, featuring perfect squares and circles that have astronomical alignments. A road trip to all sites can create lasting memories for you and your family, but also give a great appreciation of the achievements of Ohio’s Indigenous peoples as well as a deeper connection to the world and our place in it.
FREE general admission to our 50+ sites for two named adults, all children 18 and under in the household and two guests.
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By Alexia Kemerling
If the walls of 2950 Gilbert Avenue could talk, they’d tell remarkable stories.
For it was in this 19th century Cincinnati home that Harriet Beecher Stowe began her transformation from an ordinary young mother to a revolutionary writer who’d help shape American history. 100 years later, the house was called the Edgemont Inn and served as a gathering space for the African American community.
Located in Cincinnati’s historic Walnut Hills neighborhood, the Harriet Beecher Stowe House stands as a reminder of the ways seemingly small and ordinary events can lead to monumental changes. Thanks to an ongoing restoration process concluding this summer, ranging from the removal of 17 layers of paint from the brick exterior to installing antique windows and wallpaper, the home is beginning to look just as it did when the Beecher family lived there. And, in a way, the walls do get a chance to reveal their tales through the educational exhibits and tours set up throughout the house.
When the Beecher family first moved to Cincinnati in 1832, 21-year-old Harriet was an earnest schoolteacher. As she met new people and explored her new city, her knowledge and perspectives began to evolve.
On the one side of the Ohio River, Harriet interacted with free Black men and women. On the other side of the river, in rural Kentucky, she met enslaved people and slave owners. She learned about the abolitionist movement from debates at the Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati and from nearby friends who were part of the Underground Railroad.
At the same time Harriet was absorbing the courageous stories of freedomseeking African Americans and witnessing the injustices of racism, she was also harnessing her talents as a writer. Harriet joined a local writing group called the Semi-Colon Club and began penning pieces for abolitionist newspapers and mainstream magazines.
The final pieces of Harriet’s transformation began to take place with her marriage to Calvin Stowe and the building of their family. The couple was blessed with seven children, but tragically, their second youngest son Charley died at just 18 months old from cholera. This loss led Harriet to empathize with enslaved mothers whose children were stolen from them and sold at slave auctions. Her loss fueled her passion for the anti-slavery movement even more.
When the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 compounded the injustices even more, Harriet felt compelled to do something — so she harnessed the power of her voice. Pulling from real experiences, real people and real stories, she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin. The hugely popular book forced white people in the north, to whom slavery was a distant ideal, to reckon with its evils, leading to an avalanche of shifting ideals.
Just how big was the book’s impact? Perhaps our 16th president can tell you. Upon meeting Harriet in the midst of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln allegedly remarked, “So this is the little lady who made this big war.”
For Christina Hartlieb, executive director of the Harriet Beecher Stowe House, one of the most powerful parts of this historic site, and the story it commemorates, is how relevant the lessons are to today.
“One of my favorite moments as a tour guide took place at the end of the summer of 2020,” Hartlieb says. “I was leading a tour with a family and it had a couple of teenage girls. We were talking about how Uncle Tom’s Cabin educated a lot of white people about how horrible slavery really was. The girls remarked, ‘Oh, so the book is like social media, today.’”
Just as social media today has opened many people’s eyes to racism and injustices they don’t themselves experience, Harriet was able to do the same thing with her book in the 1800s. For Hartlieb, this connection was really powerful and drove home the importance of teaching history and learning about the power of the voice.
Hartlieb relishes the chance to get to teach about women’s history and Black history every day. “Both of these topics often get compartmentalized, but we get to show how they are key parts of our history,” she adds.
Throughout the house, there are lots of chances for visitors of all ages to reflect, connect and even engage in activities as they take in this important history.
Recent research has inspired the museum to expand their reach into the 20th century to show how history evolved. In the 1930s, the area was a thriving African American neighborhood, and the house had been converted into the Edgemont Inn, a tavern and boarding house.
At the time, traveling was dangerous for African Americans, and so Victor and Alma Green published a book called The Negro Motorist Green Book that listed safe places for people to sleep, eat and visit. The Edgemont Inn, Harriet’s former home, is one of the few Cincinnati places listed in the 1940s edition.
In order to tell a more complete story of the history of the house, the Friends of Harriet Beecher Stowe House and Ohio History Connection have expanded the site’s entry on the National Register of Historic Places to include its years as the Edgemont Inn. A new outdoor plaque and the stories the museum tells reflect the significance of both the 1940 Edgemont Inn era as well as Harriet’s time in Cincinnati.
The Harriet Beecher Stowe House isn’t the only notable place in this neighborhood near the Ohio River. On the Abolitionists and African Americans in Walnut Hills Walking Tour, you’ll learn about the rich history of this diverse and influential neighborhood.
This and other walking tours are scheduled periodically. Check stowehousecincy.org for upcoming tours and programs. Wherever you chose to explore next, the story of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s impact and the legacy of this home is sure to stick with you.
Taking young children to a museum or historical site can be a wonderful way to combine family time and learning time. Our experts gave us a few strategies that parents and caregivers can use to engage kids during their visit.
Wendy Petrie, museum experiences supervisor at the Warren G. Harding Presidential Sites, recommends prepping children before your visit
“I always did that with my students when I was in the classroom as well as with my own children,” she says. “They’re able to make connections and show more interest when they’re prepared.”
Katie Nowack, manager of Ohio History Center programs, agrees: “It just helps kids when they have context to what they’re doing.”
Depending on their age, this could be as simple as talking about where you’re going and what they’ll be seeing. If your kids are a little older, you could get some books at the library or visit the website of the museum. Kevin Lydy, the education specialist at the National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, recommends calling the museum or historic site to see if they have any kid-friendly programming, like a scavenger hunt or a special kids tour, that you can take advantage of while you’re there.
“I don’t think I’ve ever been to a museum that didn’t have something to engage kids with,” he says.
When you get to the site, be sure to be present with your kids. When they see you showing interest in the site, they will too. With young kids, a game of “I Spy” can be a fun way to get them engaged, suggests Nowack.
“Once kids guess the correct item, you can talk more about it, what it does and where it came from,” she says.
For older kids, ask them what they think an object might be. “When looking at historical objects, children can brainstorm what the object might be, what it was used for, is it still around today, and if not, what replaced it,” says Petrie.
Nowack adds, “Kids are super capable of making connections to past and present, and you might be surprised at the really insightful things they say!”
As Michael Fouts, public programs coordinator at the Ohio History Center, reminds us: “For young kids it’s not about learning the historical facts, but more about imagining and piecing together things that make sense to them.”
Consider letting your kids take photos of what interests them. Or give them a challenge to take pictures of specific items. And if the site has a gift shop, allowing them to buy a postcard or two is an inexpensive and fun way to remember your trip.
Hadley Drodge, a curator at the National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, says, “Don’t let the learning stop once you walk out of the museum. Museums should serve as a launch pad for learning.”
She suggests encouraging kids to do some follow up research and keep asking questions. Lydy says he likes to continue the learning with his own family by finding a documentary, movie or TV series that covers the subject matter.
“We like to be able to pause the show and comment on it. With so many streaming services, families are bound to come across topics that they’ve seen in the museum they’ve visited.”
Petrie recommends using photos and postcards from your trip for some postvisit activities.
“Make a mini scrapbook together and caption the photos,” she suggests. “Send the postcards they picked out to a family member or friend to give your kids an opportunity to do a short retelling and work on writing skills.”
As an added bonus, these activities give you a peek into your kiddos’ brains and show you what they found interesting about your visit. And if you keep the scrapbooks, they can be fun to look back on when your kids are older!
WITH AN OHIO HISTORY CONNECTION MEMBERSHIP , it’s easy to plan family trips to museums and historic sites!
Visit ohiohistory.org/join for more details and to join today!
Muskingum County is home to two Ohio History
Connection sites which are just perfect for a road trip.
The National Road & Zane Grey Museum in Norwich is about five minutes away from the John & Annie Glenn Museum in New Concord. I would highly recommend making a day of it and visiting both when you’re in the area.
The National Road & Zane Grey Museum is located at 8850 East Pike, Norwich, OH. There’s plenty of parking right next to the museum.
The John & Annie Glenn Museum is located at 72 West Main Street, New Concord, OH. Parking is right behind the home. You enter the museum from the back.
The National Road & Zane Grey Museum has three different exhibit areas dedicated to three subjects which have all played an important part in eastern Ohio history. The first is dedicated to the National Road, which was America’s first federally funded highway and opened the door to the West. The second area features Zane Grey, a locally born author who wrote more than 80 novels and lived a life of adventure. (On a personal note, I was extremely excited to learn more about Zane Grey—my grandfather was a prolific Zane Grey reader and always had dogeared paperbacks sitting by his chair.) And the third exhibit area covers Art Pottery, Ceramics and Tile. This area of Ohio is sometimes called the “Pottery Capital of the World” because of the rich clay deposits which resulted in a proliferation of pottery manufacturers.
The John & Annie Glenn Museum is housed in John Glenn’s boyhood home and has been restored as it was when he lived there until his enlistment in WWII. Through exhibits and living history presentations, visitors learn about American history through the lens of the Glenns’ lives.
I would plan about 60-90 minutes at the National Road & Zane Grey Museum. There are so many things to take in. And the gift shop is a lot of fun to poke around. When you get to the museum, you can choose to have a guided tour or explore on your own.
The Glenn Museum experience takes about 90 minutes. There’s a 20-minute video when you arrive that helps put the museum in context. Then there’s a guided tour that takes about an hour, depending on how many questions you ask.
A nice touch at both museums are the chairs that the staff has strategically placed around the exhibit areas. They are perfect for a little breather as you explore the museums. Although, be sure you don’t sit on the chairs in the living history area of the Glenn Museum—those are not meant to be touched.
Now that I’m a person who visits a lot of museums, I really love noticing the different methods they use to convey information. The National Road & Zane Grey Museum chronicles the history of Route 40 from 1806 to the 1920s through a huge diorama, which I thought was an incredibly effective way to tell the story. Visitors can see the conditions of the road, the types of vehicles used, the styles of the inns and taverns and the clothing of the people from eras before photography. The diorama builders also clearly had a sense of humor. Look closely and you’ll get a chuckle out of some of the scenes.
At the John & Annie Glenn Museum, the staff uses costumed interpreters to immerse visitors in the Glenns’ lives They do a wonderful job of bringing history to life and making visitors feel like they are being welcomed into the Glenns’ home. I won’t tell you too much about how they do this because part of the fun is experiencing it for yourself.
Don’t miss the Dolly Grey exhibit in the classroom of the National Road & Zane Grey Museum. Dolly was Zane Grey’s wife, manager, financial advisor and editor. Without Dolly, Grey probably would not have achieved the success he did and he most definitely would have gone bankrupt. The exhibit brings her to life through stories, photos and letters. Also, be sure to leave time to explore the exhibits outside of the museum.
My tip for the Glenn Museum is to plan to visit again in two years. Every two years, the museum staff changes the interpretation year. In 2024, the home is staged as it would have been in 1944. In 20252026, it will be set up as it was in 1962. In two more years, it will look as it did in 1937. I love that visitors can experience the Glenn home over multiple decades.
I asked the staff at the Glenn Home for a lunch recommendation and they pointed us toward Scott’s Diner, which is within walking distance of the museum. Scott’s was packed with local residents when we arrived at 11:30 a.m. on a Friday and we were seated at the counter. One look at the menu and it was easy to see why it was so crowded. Scott’s is a traditional diner with a twist. Think breakfast all day, burgers and salads but with super fresh ingredients and some unusual additions. I was in the mood for breakfast, so I got the Western omelet, which came with a side of hashbrowns. I was a proud member of the Clean Plate Club by the end of the meal. My coworkers got the biscuits and gravy, the stacked ham & cheese sandwich and the Diner Breakfast. As we were leaving, my coworker said, “That was amazing.” We would all highly recommend Scott’s Diner.
And if you’ve read any of my past Road Trip articles, you know that stopping at a coffee shop on the way out of town is a tradition. Luckily, Chapman’s Coffee House shares a parking lot with the Glenn Museum! It’s a cozy, welcoming shop with some unique drink options, baked goods, sandwiches, salads and wraps. I had the Open Meadow flavored iced latte, which is a seasonal flavor blend of lavender, vanilla and honey. Delish! My coworkers had the salted caramel and the honeycomb flavored iced lattes and raved about them. This is definitely a place I would frequent if I lived in the area.
If you’d like to bring your own lunch, the National Road & Zane Grey Museum has several picnic tables available just behind the parking lot. There’s also a lot of space to spread out a picnic blanket if that’s more your speed.
The National Road & Zane Grey Museum would definitely appeal to kids. The giant diorama, outdoor exhibits and cars would all be interesting and engaging for children. I know my kids would have loved looking at the little vignettes in the diorama.
The Glenn Home would be great fun for elementary school-aged kids. I think they would really enjoy interacting with the costumed interpreter, exploring a home from a different era and seeing the items from John Glenn’s space flights. Because the home is staged to look like the Glenn family just stepped away, there are a lot of objects sitting within reach of little hands that shouldn’t be touched, so it could be a challenge to visit with very small children.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
To learn more about the National Road & Zane Grey Museum, you can visit ohiohistory.org/zanegrey.
Find more information about the John & Annie Glenn Museum visit ohiohistory.org/glennhome.
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Nestled a couple blocks from downtown Youngstown, sits a somewhat unassuming building, at least to the average tourist.
However, residents know that the building is more than what it seems. Known locally as the Steel Museum, the Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor tells the story of Youngstown’s steel industry and its impact on both the city and the nation at large.
STEEL
To know about the importance of the Steel Museum, it helps to learn about the steel industry that impacted the area.
In 1845, deposits of block coal—which could be used in iron furnaces without being converted to coke —were discovered near Youngstown. These coal deposits, along with the area’s high-quality iron ore, resulted in major growth of the iron industry in northeastern Ohio. As the U.S. expanded westward, demand for iron increased, guaranteeing that the Mahoning Valley’s iron furnaces would stay busy. By the 1850s, the valley was one of the nation’s leading centers of iron production.
Gradually, the switch was made to steel production. The Ohio Steel Company, organized in 1892, was the valley’s first steel company. By the turn of the century, most of the area’s iron makers had consolidated into huge steel mills that did everything in one place, from processing ore to finishing steel products. By the 1920s, the Mahoning Valley was second only to Pittsburgh in American steel production. Spurred by World War II and postwar growth, steelmaking in the nation continued to grow, but peaked in 1973.
In the 1960s, it was evident that the U.S.’s steel industry was in trouble. Production fell to less than 70% capacity and more steel was being imported than exported. The lack of investment in new plants and equipment, depletion of iron ore deposits and increasing use of steel substitutes (such as plastics) contributed to its decline. On September 19, 1977, the first of the area’s mills, Campbell Works, closed, leaving about 5,000 workers without a job. The day became known as Black Monday. Despite local efforts to save the local industry, the rest of the steel mills followed suit and many workers and families left the area altogether. Within 10 years, the Mahoning Valley’s steel industry was a shadow of its former self.
The steel companies were integral to the development of Youngstown, so its decline hit the local economy hard. During the town’s early days, the need for a large labor force resulted in company housing and stores quickly developing into a booming city. The incoming workers were a diverse range of immigrants from Italy, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, Scandinavia and more. They raised their families there and started businesses that created thriving communities until the mills’ closures in the late 70s and early 80s.
A Youngstown native, Senator Harry Meshel was very familiar with the local steel industry, even working in the steel mills himself. He recognized its decline and sought to preserve the stories and history of the region. In 1977, Senator Meshel proposed a museum to commemorate Youngstown’s steel industry. The state approved $3 million in funding and construction officially commenced in 1989. Renowned
architect, Michael Graves, led the project along with the firm Raymond J. Jaminet and Partners. Designed in the Postmodern style, the museum contains a smokestack-like structure on one of its levels, columns, an arched copper roof, and a rotunda which allows natural light into the reading room of the archives. The museum is constructed of brick, glass block, tinted glass, exterior insulation and finish system. Each side of the museum resembles the design of a steel mill from a different period.
Known officially as the Youngstown Historical Center of Industry & Labor, the center opened with temporary exhibits in 1990 with a permanent collection added and dedicated in 1992. Today, the Steel Museum boasts exhibits on the whole process of steel as well as the lives and conditions of the workers. Temporary & traveling exhibits also frequent the museum with new information and research being analyzed by Youngstown State students and faculty.
The museum’s exhibits combine artifacts, videotaped interviews and full-scale recreations of the places where steelworkers lived and worked. There are also hundreds of photographs representing labor, immigration and urban history, all telling the story of Youngstown’s growth and decline throughout the years.
Objects on display range from workers’ tools and clothing to hundreds of photographs. Life-sized scenes include a mill’s locker room, part of a companybuilt house and a blooming mill, where steel ingots were shaped for further processing. Interactive elements like trying on a steel mill’s working clothing and holding raw materials truly make it a worthwhile visit for guests of all ages.
Plan to spend two hours to really enjoy and explore all the museum has to offer. Don’t miss the lower-level exhibits, accessible by elevator (located near the lobby) or the stairs (located partway through the exhibits on the first level). There are some fascinating exhibits, as well as a pulpit, or control platform, from the Corrigan, McKinney & Company blooming mill.
The Youngstown Center of Industry and Labor tells the full story of the area, both good and bad. It doesn’t shy away from presenting the hard history–strikes, racism, sexism, poverty–in an accessible way. All generations can learn from Youngstown’s history and the people who have lived and are still living in the area. It’s more than just a steel museum. It’s the preservation of the spirit and pride of the Mahoning Valley.
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE STEEL MUSEUM, visit ohiohistory.org/youngstown or call 330.941.1314.
Seeing historical markers is a lot like getting a new car; once you notice one, you see them everywhere!
These unassuming brown markers framed with buckeyes have been standing outside churches, forts, parks and the like since 1957, telling the unique stories of the people, places, things or events that helped shape individual communities, Ohio and the nation at large. As of this writing, there are over 1,750 markers across all counties that share our history and it’s growing! Every year, 20-25 new markers are accepted into the program. It seems that the hunt for historical markers never ends.
Something the founders of the program would’ve been pleased to hear. The program was conceived during the state’s sesquicentennial in 1953 with the corporate limit marker which was meant to be easily seen from a car. This was the brainchild of former Ohio History Connection (then Ohio Historical Society) Trustee, Fred Milligan Sr. The program was very successful, so much so that then-Governor Frank Lausche tasked the Ohio History Connection with creating an Ohio Historical Markers commission to plan and develop a uniform system for marking historical sites throughout the state of Ohio.
By the end of 1955, the commission had formalized the program, including the creation of its iconic design and criteria for admission. Today, the program is written into the Ohio Revised Code, highlighting its importance for future generations. The first historical marker was dedicated in 1957 commemorating the history of Akron’s Portage Path between Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers, in Summit County. All markers have been made in Ohio at Marietta’s Sewah Studios since 1957.
How does one begin the great “historical marker treasure hunt”? A good place to start is their website, remarkableohio.org. There’s no printed “list” of markers, but this site includes each marker and is sorted by topics and county. RemarkableOhio has an interactive map where you can zoom in and out to find the markers that are closest to your area. The staff of the marker program include photographs, text from the actual marker and location information as well as dedication date & time if a marker is in progress. This makes it easy to plan a road trip around your favorite sites or see an unveiling in person!
LEARN MORE ABOUT SEWAH STUDIOS’ HISTORY AND WATCH THEM MAKE AN OHIO HISTORICAL MARKER!
Perhaps you’d like to take a different approach. Instead of by topic or location, you want to begin your trip chronologically, a feat more intensive than you might think! The first historical marker in Summit County is still up and standing, but that cannot be said for all markers. In the over 70+ years of the program, hundreds of markers have been erected and a few have been retired, either due to errors of fact, deterioration or are in the process of refurbishment. Your marker list might not read 1, 2,3,4,5 but rather like 1,3,4,6. Still determined? Then it’s helpful to know how to read a marker.
Since their inception in the 1950s, markers have been carefully designed and crafted. Every marker contains a title, a text paragraph, a list of marker sponsors (the organizations who made it happen!) as well as the year the marker was created and a county and sequence code. These codes are the hyphenated numbers found in the lower right corner of the marker and represent the county where the marker is located and sequence number of the marker in that county.
Let’s take this marker for example. You’ll notice that its code is Marker #5-66
#5 indicates that this marker is the fifth marker to be installed in Pike County. How do we know it’s Pike County? That’s where the second number comes in.
#66 is the designated number for Pike County. The marker program uses the Ohio Department of Transportation’s numbering system, meaning county codes are assigned alphabetically with Adams County being #1 and Wyandot County being #88.
#5 indicates that this marker is the fifth marker to be installed in Pike County #66 is the designated number for Pike County.
Nobody’s perfect though. There are some administrative errors that have occurred over the years; some markers with incorrect numbers, multiple markers having the same number or some numbers skipped altogether (there were a lot of markers around Ohio’s Bicentennial in 2003!). Best to check the RemarkableOhio website before heading out as it has the most accurate information possible as well alerts for any errors you may encounter.
You’ve seen the markers and you’re obsessed! You think that your town’s local hero buried in the nearby cemetery a century or two ago should be recognized. What next?
RemarkableOhio has got you covered once again! On the site, there’s a page on how to propose a marker. Each marker nomination must meet one or more of the criteria of significance. This can range from being associated with events that have made a significant contribution to broad patterns of history to embodying characteristics of the state representing significant aspects of the physical or natural history of the earth and its life. In short, it can’t just be old, it must be important in some aspect. There is a cost of producing the marker itself varies depending on the amount of text and any photos or maps that may be added. Sponsoring organizations cover the cost of the marker, but grant funding is available to those that need help. One important note is that funding is not taken into consideration by the marker committee when reviewing applications.
The annual deadline for applications is May 1. For a full list of requirements and criteria, remarkableohio.org/propose.
National Marker Day is held annually on the last Friday in April. The William G. Pomeroy Foundation has a lot of information on how to volunteer and plan a project. In addition to visiting these markers, National Historic Marker Day encourages sponsors and the local community to clean markers!
Markers are created to last many years, but an annual bath using soap and water will prevent build-up of lichen and other harmful matter that will damage the finish. If you notice the marker shows significant damage or structural issues or is missing, be sure to alert the markers program using the “report a problem” form on RemarkableOhio.
Historical markers are people telling Ohio stories. Now it’s time to put on your marker eyes.
FIND A HISTORICAL MARKER NEAR YOU!
it:
The state was only 12 years old. The War of 1812 was coming to an end.
In the western Ohio wilderness, right at the edge of the United States and the Indiana Territory, a modern and unique three-story home and farm is constructed: the Johnston Farm & Indian Agency.
“People had never seen a place like this,” said Andy Hite, former site manager of the Johnston Farm & Indian Agency. “A big, brick High Federal-style house in the middle of nowhere.”
The farm was home to John Johnston, a trader-turned-Federal Indian Agent who fell in love with the area while riding through with General “Mad” Anthony Wayne’s Legion of the United States. Johnston’s career and family would eventually lead him back to the Great Miami River area role in Ohio’s story, but the land’s story goes back thousands of years ago when Native Americans first visited the area.
“This was a place that saw history happen all around it,” said Hite.
The Johnston Farm has been a hub for activity for a thousand years. Johnston Farm is home to an ancient circular earthwork with a diameter of 130 feet built by the Adena culture more than 2,000 years ago. Around 1747, a group of Myaamia (Miami) American Indians settled near the confluence of the Great Miami River and Loramie Creek in a place called Pickawillany, near Johnston Farm. Due to its proximity to British traders and their goods, Pickawillany grew rapidly and established a trading post. By 1750, the site’s population may have numbered nearly 1,200 people.
This was a place that saw history happen all around it.
In 1752, the site was attacked by 250 Ottawas. The defeat of Myaamia Chief Memeskia and his band resulted in the abandonment of both Pickawillany and the trading station.
In recent decades, archaeological fieldwork has uncovered remnants of the Pickawillany story. Although the site is not open to the public, many of the artifacts found are on exhibit in the Johnston Farm & Indian Agency museum.
Johnston’s home and the Agency were some of the most distant touchpoints of the American government in the West and were at the center of important events throughout the War of 1812. Johnston was appointed as an Indian agent for the Shawnee in 1812, but by 1816, he was appointed agent for all American Indians living in Ohio.
At this time in American history, Indian agents were entrusted to negotiate treaties, distribute annuities given by the federal government to tribes and regulate trade and land sales.
Throughout the War of 1812 and then during and after treaty negotiations, several hundred Delawares remained at Johnston Farm. Many of the treaty negotiations were aimed at the forced removal of tribes in Ohio and their relocation in the West. In 1842, Johnston led the negotiations that brought about the removal of the Wyandottes from the last Ohio reservation.
After being let go from his job of 30 years by Andrew Jackson due to political differences, Johnston’s next chapter of life began. Living on the literal edge of the frontier inspired him to develop the land for farming, trade and more beyond Piqua.
“He did a little bit of everything,” said Hite. “People came to him to get stuff done.”
Johnston joined the Ohio Canal Commission and contributed to the development of the Miami & Erie Canal, which, not coincidentally, passed right through his own front yard. He was also passionate about education and helped found Kenyon College, the state’s oldest private higher-education institution, and alongside his wife, Rachel, established the first Sunday school in the area.
Over the course of their 38-year marriage, Johnston and Rachel had 15 children. When Rachel died in 1840, Johnston left the farm to live with his daughter in Cincinnati. Johnston died in 1861 at age 86, just one month before the U.S. Civil War broke out.
As for the house and farm, the property fell into disrepair and was in poor shape when it was acquired by the state in the 1960s to be turned into a historical park. The home was gutted for a full renovation in the 1970s, which likely saved its crumbling bones, but the work didn’t preserve the original style and décor. Luckily, original pieces, including the ornate mantle and decorative woodwork, were saved.
In 2018, a new renovation aimed to restore the home to its former glory. Restorers conducted extensive research, including through family letters and even analysis of paint layers on original wood, and developed a clearer picture of what the original interior of the home looked like. Completed in 2022, Hite says he’s sure the Johnstons would immediately recognize the renovated site as their home.
In addition to the renovated house, the farm also features a museum, historic barn, springhouse and a recreation of Johnston’s cider house. Visitors can also see an on-site Adena mound and earthwork and take a ride on a muledrawn canal boat.
ARMSTRONG AIR & SPACE MUSEUM
500 Apollo Dr., Wapakoneta 45895
800.860.0142 • ohiohistory.org/armstrong
CEDAR BOG NATURE PRESERVE
980 Woodburn Rd. (Off U.S. 68), Urbana 43078
800.860.0147 • ohiohistory.org/cedarbog
COOKE-DORN HOUSE
1415 Columbus Ave., Sandusky 44870
877.734.1386 • ohiohistory.org/cooke
FALLEN TIMBERS BATTLEFIELD MEMORIAL PARK
5601 Anthony Wayne Trail, Maumee 43537
800.860.0149 • ohiohistory.org/fallentimbers
FORT AMANDA MEMORIAL PARK St Rte 198, Wapakoneta 45608
844.306.3360 • ohiohistory.org/fortamanda
FORT JEFFERSON MEMORIAL PARK
3981 Weavers-Fort Jefferson Rd., Greenville 45331
844.288.7708• ohiohistory.org/fortjefferson
FORT MEIGS
29100 W. River Rd., Perrysburg 43551
800.283.8916 • ohiohistory.org/fortmeigs
FORT RECOVERY MUSEUM & MONUMENT 1 Fort Site St., Fort Recovery 45846
800.283.8920 • ohiohistory.org/fortrecovery
HAYES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY & MUSEUMS Spiegel Grove, Fremont 43420
800.998.7737 • ohiohistory.org/hayes
INDIAN MILL
7417 County Hwy 47, Upper Sandusky 43351
800.600.7147 • ohiohistory.org/indianmill
INSCRIPTION ROCK PETROGLYPHS
Kelleys Island, Port Clinton 43452
866.921.5710 • ohiohistory.org/inscriptionrock
JOHNSTON FARM & INDIAN AGENCY
9845 N. Hardin Rd., Piqua 45356
800.752.2619 • ohiohistory.org/johnston
LOCKINGTON LOCKS
Museum Trail & Cross Trail, Lockington 45356
800.752.2619 • ohiohistory.org/lockington
Museum/Visitor Center Mounds/EarthworksMonument/Gravesite Natura l Area/Tra i ls (m i les) G i ft Shop Picnicking (*she lter) Restrooms Averag e Visit Historic Bu i lding s Open to Pub lic
Museum/Visitor Center Mounds/EarthworksMonument/Gravesite Natura l Area/Tra i ls (m i les) G i ft Shop Picnicking (*she lter) Restrooms Averag e Visit Historic Bu i lding s Open to Pub lic
CUSTER MONUMENT
St Rte 646 & Chrisman Rd., New Rumley 43986
866.473.0417 • ohiohistory.org/custer
FORT LAURENS
11067 Fort Laurens Rd. NW (CR 102), Bolivar 44612
800.283.8914 • ohiohistory.org/fortlaurens
M c COOK HOUSE
15 S. Lisbon St., Carrollton 44615
800.600.7172 • ohiohistory.org/mccook
MUSEUM OF CERAMICS
400 E. 5th St., East Liverpool 43920
800.600.7180 • ohiohistory.org/ceramics
QUAKER YEARLY MEETING HOUSE
298 Market St., Mount Pleasant 43939
800.752.2631 • ohiohistory.org/quaker
SCHOENBRUNN VILLAGE
1984 E. High Ave., New Philadelphia 44663
800.752.2711 • ohiohistory.org/schoenbrunn
SHAKER HISTORICAL MUSEUM
16740 S. Park Blvd., Shaker Heights 44120
800.860.6078 • ohiohistory.org/shaker
TALLMADGE CHURCH
115 Tallmadge Cir., Tallmadge 44278
844.288.7710 • ohiohistory.org/tallmadge
YOUNGSTOWN HISTORICAL CENTER OF INDUSTRY & LABOR
151 W. Wood St., Youngstown 44501
800.262.6137 • ohiohistory.org/youngstown
ZOAR VILLAGE
198 Main St., Zoar 44697
800.262.6195 • ohiohistory.org/zoar
FLINT RIDGE ANCIENT QUARRIES & NATURE PRESERVE
15300 Flint Ridge Rd., Glenford 43739
800.283.8707 • ohiohistory.org/flintridge
HANBY HOUSE
160 W. Main St., Westerville 43081
800.600.6843 • ohiohistory.org/hanby
LOGAN ELM
4500 St Rte 361, Circleville 43113
888.770.7425 • ohiohistory.org/loganelm
NEWARK EARTHWORKS
455 Hebron Rd., Heath 43056
800.589.8224 • ohiohistory.org/newark
OHIO HISTORY CENTER & OHIO VILLAGE
800 E. 17th Ave., Columbus 43211
800.686.6124 • ohiohistory.org/center ohiohistory.org/ohiovillage
SHRUM MOUND
3141 McKinley Ave., Columbus 43204
800.840.6127 • ohiohistory.org/shrum
WAHKEENA NATURE PRESERVE
2200 Pump Station Rd., Sugar Grove 43155
800.297.1883 • ohiohistory.org/wahkeena
WARREN G. HARDING PRESIDENTIAL SITES
Home: 380 Mt. Vernon Ave.
Memorial: Vernon Heights Blvd. at Delaware Ave. Marion 43302 • 800.600.6894 ohiohistory.org/harding
Museum/Visitor Center Mounds/EarthworksMonument/Gravesite Natura l Area/Tra i ls (m i les) G i ft Shop Picnicking (*she lter) Restrooms Averag e Visit Historic Bu i lding s Open to Pub lic
ADENA MANSION & GARDENS
847 Adena Rd., Chillicothe 45601
800.319.7248 • ohiohistory.org/adena
DAVIS MEMORIAL NATURE PRESERVE
2715 Davis Memorial Rd., Peebles 45660
866.749.0701 • ohiohistory.org/davis
FORT ANCIENT EARTHWORKS & NATURE PRESERVE
6123 State Route 350, Oregonia 45054
800.283.8904 • ohiohistory.org/fortancient
FORT HILL EARTHWORKS & NATURE PRESERVE*
13614 Fort Hill Rd., Hillsboro 45133
800.283.8905 • ohiohistory.org/forthill
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE HOUSE
2950 Gilbert Ave., Cincinnati 45206
800.847.6507 • ohiohistory.org/stowe
JOHN RANKIN HOUSE
6152 Rankin Hill Rd., Ripley 45167
800.752.2705 • ohiohistory.org/rankin
MIAMISBURG MOUND
900 Mound Rd., Miamisburg 45342
866.580.6508 • ohiohistory.org/miamisburgmound
NATIONAL AFRO-AMERICAN MUSEUM & CULTURAL CENTER
1350 Brush Row Rd., Wilberforce 45384
800.752.2603 • ohiohistory.org/naamcc
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR HOUSE
219 N. Paul Laurence Dunbar St., Dayton 45402
800.860.0148 • ohiohistory.org/dunbar
SERPENT MOUND
3850 State Route 73, Peebles 45660
800.752.2757 • ohiohistory.org/serpentmound
STORY MOUND
Delano St., Chillicothe 45601
800.319.7248 • ohiohistory.org/serpentmound
U.S. GRANT BIRTHPLACE
1551 State Route 232, Point Pleasant 45153
800.283.8932 • ohiohistory.org/grantbirthplace
U.S. GRANT BOYHOOD HOME & SCHOOLHOUSE
Home: 219 E. Grant Ave., Georgetown 45121
Schoolhouse: 508 S. Water St., Georgetown 45121 877.372.8177 • ohiohistory.org/grantschool
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON TOMB
Brower Rd. & Cliff Rd., North Bend 45052
844.288.7709 • ohiohistory.org/harrison
BIG BOTTOM MEMORIAL PARK
2741 State Route 266, Stockport 43787
800.860.0143 • ohiohistory.org/bigbottom
BUCKEYE FURNACE
123 Buckeye Park Rd., Wellston 45692
800.860.0144 • ohiohistory.org/buckeyefurnace
BUFFINGTON ISLAND BATTLEFIELD MEMORIAL PARK
56890 Ohio River Scenic Byway, Portland 45770
866.363.2652 • ohiohistory.org/buffingtonisland
CAMPUS MARTIUS MUSEUM
601 Second St., Marietta 45750
800.860.0145 • ohiohistory.org/campusmartius
JOHN & ANNIE GLENN MUSEUM
72 W. Main St., New Concord 43762
740.826.3305 • ohiohistory.org/glennmuseum
LEO PETROGLYPHS & NATURE PRESERVE
400 Park Rd., Ray 45672
800.860.0144 • ohiohistory.org/leopetroglyph
NATIONAL ROAD & ZANE GREY MUSEUM
8850 East Pike, Norwich 43767
800.752.2602 • ohiohistory.org/zanegrey
OHIO RIVER MUSEUM***
601 Front St., Marietta 45750
800.860.0145 • ohiohistory.org/ohioriver
OUR HOUSE TAVERN
432 First Ave., Gallipolis 45631
800.752.2618 • ohiohistory.org/ourhouse
***Closed for construction. The W.P. Snyder is accessible.