O.K. PERIODICALS #2: FAILURE

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Koe in de Weide David Smeulders www.koudzweet.nl

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Adhesive Me Bastiaan de Wolff www.beng.biz

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gun blog id: 539

Dear Tony,

face blog id: 492

t-shirt blog id: 139

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I have to admit I was impressed with your determination [tenacity]. I remember how during your first big drug deal that Colombian put a gun to your head. You stayed cool and told him: “You just fucked yourself. If you steal from me, you’re dead.” When he started amputating your mates arms and legs with a chainsaw you still did not give up. No, you spat in his face . That was awesome, really. That your best friend Manny saved the day by mowing down the Colombians with an Uzi does not make it any less impressive. It gave you the opportunity to fullfil your vow. You chased the fleeing Columbian, and in full view of some screaming pensioners you put a bullet in his head. “Now its your turn”, you said, “die”.

Dear Tony, Martijn Brugman www.maeb.nl

People call you Scarface, but I’ll just call you by your name. Tony. Tony Montana. I saw a guy walking down the street wearing a t-shirt with your image on it. You wore a white suit and had a gun in your hands. A real gangster. He wanted to show he was not to be messed with. Just like you were not to be messed with. This is the reason people buy t-shirts, posters with your portrait, and Scarface-lamp shades mounted on plastic M16 machine guns. Yes, Tony Montana, you are not just a movie hero, you’ve become an icon. The icon of someone that you don’t mess with.


love blog id: 573

chainsaw www.shadowlandtoys.com/catalog/images/Texas Chainsaw Replica.jpg

cut to pieces www.osang.net

machine blog id: 1200

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But Tony, wasn’t this the moment it all went wrong? You felt victorious. Did you forget your friend was just cut to pieces , and you too almost died a gruesome death? You committed yourself to the cocaine business, and maneuvered yourself into the position of drug baron in no time. You could have known that money and drugs would not bring you happiness, but Colombians that attack you with chainsaws. Happiness can be found in other things. Love for example. You looked, but did not find it and then thought it would come by itself as long as you became rich and successful. But now, looking back, we can conclude that money and status only brought you hatred. And finally death. Tragic if you think about it. It was a vicious circle you were in. The more money you acquired, the less people loved you, he more money you thought you needed to be loved. You were looking in the wrong place. Because you were loved too when you were still washing dishes. Loved by your sister, by Manny and your mother. But you did not see. You felt you needed to to earn their love when you already had it. And so you went for money and status. But the more money and status you got, the less they loved you. This all had to end badly. Painful how you made your sister hate you. She did not give you her love,

and so you forbade her to love at all. That was egoistic of you. And lets be honest, Tony, that’s not how it works, right? What did you think, you could earn your sisters love by importing mounds of cocaine? That all you needed was a few big deals, and your sister would love you all of a sudden? No Tony. Your sisters love was not for sale. Ask Manny. He got it for free. And he received thankfully. But you were not even able to receive anymore. This became clear when you got wind of the love between Manny and your sister. You saw it in their eyes, the love, that was not for you. It felt like a Colombian chainsaw . You shot your best friend Manny dead and gained only the hatred of your sister. There was nothing left for you to do but shut yourself in at your villa where you hid your head in a big pile of cocaine. When the Colombians came, you emptied your machine gun on them. You yelled: “Say hello to my little friend”. And died with an M16 as your only friend. I felt sorry for you as you lay there bleeding to death in the fountain. Yours sincerely, Maeb


Urban Failure #1 Every square meter in the Netherlands is subject to regulations and urban planning. Years of preparation ensure the optimal functional design of public space. But the public is relentless, tracks appear where architects screwed up. Continuous traffic forms so called ‘desire-paths’.

Urban Failure Marieke Vromans www.mariekevromans.nl

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Variations on a Theme Jet van Zwieten www.jetvanzwieten.nl

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Urban Failure #2 Variations on a Theme When I was travelling through Germany I found these disordered street patterns. Who made these pretty compositions? Was it a drunk municipal worker? Or was it just his first painting? An abstract expressionist? Or a smart ass situationist telling us that one has to get off the beaten track sometimes?


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Formula 1 Racer Jos Verstappen’s most memorable accident brought about an immediate amendment of the Formula 1 rules. He came in for a pit stop during the Grand Prix in Germany. The tanking did not go as planned and gasoline sprayed over his car.

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3M Post-It Experiments to find a formula for super strong glue only resulted in a glue that was less adhesive than anything 3M had ever produced. Further research was cancelled. Four years later, Art Fry, a colleague of the leading researcher Dr. Spence, was frustrated by bookmarks falling out of his choir book. He had a eureka moment and decided to use the concoction to make reliable bookmarks. The post-it was born.


Aromarama / Smellovision Systems that released odors during the projection of a film so that the viewer could “smell” what was happening in the movie. The human nose has a difficult time transitioning between smells until the molecules that triggered one smell are completely cleared from the nose. Scents would mix together, becoming muddled and nauseating.

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“The bomb will never go off. I speak as an expert in explosives.” Admiral William Leahy, U.S. Atomic Bomb Project


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USA Challenger The mission was doomed by poor decision making before liftoff on a cold Florida morning.

Monsieur Franz Reichelt with his early parachute. An outstanding example of the way in which early aviators were as spectacular in their failures as in their successes. Reichelt was an Austrian tailor who sought to combine his interests in fashion and aviation by creating a garment to serve as both an overcoat and a parachute. In 1911, he decided to test his invention. Having told the authorities that he wanted to make a ‘dummy’ drop, he strapped himself in at the last moment, and with sublime confidence stepped from a platform off the Eiffel Tower, and fell to his death.

VIDEO2000 Although technically superior to both Betamax and VHS, Video2000 was never a success. A late launch and relatively complicated electronics were to causes of its failure. Speculations about further reasons this system never gained in popularity include ashort supply of pornography in this format. In contrast, VHS did not underestimate the power of the porn industry.


“We don’t like their sound, and guitar music is on its way out.” Decca Recording Co rejecting the Beatles, 1962

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A special kind of banana, for left handed consumers - Total failure, no-one seemed to care about it. Manuele De Lisio


Self Portrait - Hoover Dam Noah Kalina www.noahkalina.com

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Lino Error Alice Marwick www.alicemarwick.co.uk

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Rainier Isendam www.isendam.com

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Op-art: Blundering Brains sky www.sky-catcher.nl

one hundred million en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Pen

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Op-art: Blundering Brains Roos Bijvelds

We all make mistakes. No one is perfect, and neither is our visual observation. The evolution of sight has allowed us to look for food, shelter, a companion or even an enemy, safely and from a distance. However, what seems simple at first – we open our eyes and, without even trying, see the world around us – is in fact an extremely complicated process. A process in which our eyes and brain make many mistakes.

Relatively Speaking

The moon illusion illustrates a common visual misapprehension. Sometimes the moon seems gigantic, whereas a few hours later it appears a lot smaller. This all depends on its proximity to the horizon. Although in some cases it looks as though the moon is further away from the earth, this is of course never the case: we just make a wrong estimate. Whenever the moon is low we can try to assess its distance from the earth with the aid of environmental clues, like houses or trees. With all these things in front of it, the moon appears to be far away and therefore very big. If the moon is surrounded by the sky alone, we think that it’s actually closer by and thus smaller. It’s clear that our observation of reality doesn’t always produce a reliable image. Observing something is more than just looking at it: the eyes and the brain work together closely and take into account the observer’s surroundings, experiences and expectations.

Blind to the Imperfections of the Eye

Every attempt to explain the flaws of human observation will have to start with the design of our eyes. Light enters our oculus through the lens and then falls on the retina. This membrane, situated at the back of the eye, contains about one hundred million light-sensitive photoreceptor cells.


electric signal blog id: 926

ambiguous figures www.tinyurl.com/3a47sm

distorted image page: 2

detects movement blog id: 1027

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Every contact with light produces a chemical reaction, causing the cells to transmit an electric signal. Through the optic nerve these signals are then conducted to the brain. It’s barely noticeable, but the design of the eyes features several imperfections that affect our sight. First of all, there aren’t any photoreceptor cells in the area where the optic nerve leaves the eye, so that a small part of the outside world will always remain invisible to us. This is the so-called blind spot. Secondly, the function of photoreceptor cells is dependent on the presence of light. The chemical substance responsible for the electric signal takes some time to replenish after a lengthy exposure to the selfsame setting. This is why we’re temporarily blinded when we exit a dark theater. The receptors we use to see in the dark get depleted, whereas the opposite, unused receptors intended for daytime vision are fully charged and (over)responsive. A similar aftereffect can be witnessed among the various colour receptors.

Not Even Our Brain Sees the Light

The already distorted image of the outside world continues its journey to arrive in the portion of the brain devoted to vision. Here, the image is complemented by experiences from our memory to

make an association with what we see. At this level, many things can go wrong. The perception of mere lines, forms and colours is of little use to us. Upon viewing an object the brain immediately decides what it is and whether the item is large, small, useful, dangerous, far away or close by. In this active process of interpretation the brain relies on all available clues to single out the best option. But in some cases there simply is no clear-cut solution that matches what we see. Ambiguous figures occasion multiple correct answers and, as it follows, perceptions. Normally, the brain is used to having just one possible interpretation for every object observed. As a result, whenever we’re confronted with an ambiguous figure, we can only discern one possible perception at a time. But if we look at the pictures a little longer, we will see images of both feasible interpretations taking turns. The possible solutions for a single observation engage in some sort of competition. Whenever an interpretation is exhausted, so it seems, the other one pops up.

Op-Art: Blundering Brains

Our brain is so eager to interpret that it even detects movement , hidden figures, patterns or


Dazzle Otto Theun Karelse www.fo.am

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Victor Vasarely www.vasarely.com

Razzle Dazzle www. tinyurl.com/962hmg

The trick is to fail better. Mary Quant www.fashion-era.com/the_1960s_mini.htm

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three dimensionality in a plain surface. French artists considered this optical phenomenon as a challenge and started experimenting with it. A small group gathered around the HungarianFrench painter Victor Vasarely . Nowadays, he is considered the “father” of the Op art movement. Using black, white and lurid colours he painted many geometrical pieces, from which the concepts of optical movement and space originated. Other famous Op artists include M.C. Escher, Oscar Reutersvärd and Bridget Riley. Riley’s work also aroused a lot of interest in optical illusions outside the world of art. Fashion designers like Emilio Pucci and Mary Quant used Riley’s hard and contrasty images, in both colour and blackand-white, as a source of inspiration for their own collections. They employed Op art images to design clothing that expressed a seemingly endless chain of movement when worn. Another striking example of Op art is “Razzle Dazzle” , a camouflage technique designed by artist Norman Wilkinson. It was applied to vessels of the Royal Navy, mainly during the First World War. As it proved impossible to disguise ships in all weather conditions Wilkinson applied to them a paint scheme of complex patterns and geometrical shapes in contrasting colours. Their purpose was

to confuse the enemy. The distorted contours made it difficult to determine at what speed the ship was travelling and in which direction. Of course, many other applications followed. The intriguing and beautifully failing alliance between the eyes and the brain continues to inspire many creative fields, including photograpy (Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Noorali Hirani) and graphic design ( Olympic Games Poster 1968 ), as well as psychologists with a knack for the visual (Akiyoshi Kitaoka). The trick is to fail better. Sources: Gazzaniga, M., S., Ivry, R.B., & Mangun, G.R. (2002). Cognitive Neuroscience. The biology of the mind. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc. Palmer, S.E. (1999). Vision Science. Photons to Phenomenology. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Seckel, A. (2005). Ongelooflijke optische illusies. Rijswijk: Uitgeverij Elmar b.v.


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I, the World, Things, Life Interactive dart board installation by: Jacob Dahlgren www.jacobdahlgren.com


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The Life of VladimĂ?r KreĹĄjova Marieke Vromans www.mariekevromans.nl

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trash bags blog id: 1197

Grands Travaux Inutiles

Ryugyong Hotel www.esquire.com/the-side/DESIGN/hotel-of-doom-012808

metronet www.tfl.gov.uk

Rusty shoppingcarts, trash bags , a bumping horse, a scooter and a matras are the current inhabitants of a disused metro station in Charleroi, Belgium. End sixties, a 52 kilometer long metronet with 69 stations was conceived. Eight arms of the net reach out from the city center to the suburbs. Ever rising costs and growing fears of low returns on investments brought this project to a premature halt. Only two of the eight arms are in use, the other six lie hidden in the earth, connecting obsolete stations. Escalators roll in the dark, moving nothing but stale air. This metronet is just one example of the many Grands Travaux Inutiles (unused or unfinished public works). There are defunct reservoirs, bridges, viaducts, polders, sluices, railways, highways and hotels whose construction cost billions everywhere. Many such projects can be found in Belgium, but there are hundreds all over the world: Route A4 Midden-Delftland and the Naardermeer polder in the Netherlands, the Kabalebo Railway in Surinam, Kalkar nuclear plant in Germany, the Ryugyong Hotel in North-Korea and the Arctic-circle railway in Russia. Sources: Technische Mislukkingen, Lex Veldhoen & Jan van den Ende Wikipedia.org Nuttelozewerken.nl

To the right, Metro Antwerp, by Arno van Tilburgh

Grands Travaux Inutiles Joost van der Steen

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Metro Antwerp Arno van Tilburgh www.arnofotografeert.be

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Fieke van Berkom www.fiekevanberkom.nl

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blogspot.jodi.org JODI www.jodi.org

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Serendipity The occurrence and development of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way: a fortunate stroke of serendipity | a series of small serendipities. Origin 1754: coined by Horace Walpole, suggested by ‘The Three Princes of Serendip’, the title of a fairy tale in which the heroes “were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things they were not in quest of. A book edited by graphic designer Hans Gremmen with a selection of ‘test prints’ found at the silkscreen workshop of Paul Wyber of WyberZeefdruk in Amsterdam. ISBN 978 90 77459 29 4 www.romapublications.org


Serendipity Hans Gremmen & WyberZeefdruk www.hansgremmen.nl

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On and Off the Map Cartography - The Art of Omission

On and Off the Map Boy Timmermans

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Nowadays, thanks to satellites and aircraft, we can make even the smallest detail of the earth’s surface visible. This overview on the world was previously only possible thanks to the work of surveyors, explorers and cartographers who put their findings on paper. They extended the limited human horizon. The fruit of their work – beautiful maps, atlases and globes – offer a look at the knowledge of the world, and the skills of mapmakers long ago. t


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man made www.laylacurtis.com

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The world summarized

Maps and floor plans are wonderful examples of the ingenious human ability to make the world synoptic. Clarity can only be achieved by making the necessary information visible and leaving everything else out. This is what makes maps abstractions of the more complex reality. Cartography is by definition a craft which is characterized by choice, omission, simplification and exaggeration. Cartographers show their perspective on the world; the purpose of a map determines what will be depicted. It is, for example, not very helpful to show the complete hinterlands on a sea-chart. But for a long voyage by ship things like the profile of a coastline, anchorages and ocean depths are essential. The choices that mapmakers face can also cause problems. The cartographer might consciously or unconsciously make mistakes that remain unnoticed. Or subsequent users interpret a map in a whole different way than its creator had in mind. In short: maps are man made , and that goes hand in hand with errors and misinterpretations.

Different times, different views

Many medieval maps seem very primitive to us. This is because we do not interpret them correctly; we are often unable to look at them in their original frame of reference. We judge the maps

interpret www.ilijin.com

exclusively on their geographical qualities while many medieval mapmakers also wanted to tell a theological story. For this reason we should not just look at the practical applicability of these maps, but also at the function they served at the time of their creation. In the Middle Ages the idea that God created the world with a certain intention was widely spread. Medieval scholars studied the world map to get an idea of the divine plan. On many medieval maps the Holy Land – with the city of Jerusalem as its absolute base – is central, and heaven (usually above) and hell (below) often also have their place. Mythical animals such as unicorns and dragons swarm these atlases. These wonderful fantasy creatures had spiritual and moral significance. Unicorns – which could only be caught by virgin maidens – were a symbol for the purity of the Christian faith, for example.

New land by mistake

Columbus came to the idea that by sailing west he would end up in the east. He actually fullfiled this plan effectively. But Columbus estimated the earth a fourth smaller than it is in reality. That is why he found America exactly on the spot where he had expected Asia. His mistake was not unusual. This perception of the world was widespread since classical antiquity. It came from the Greek

To the right, Ortelius’ map of Iceland, 1587

perspective blog id: 432


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Dutch cartographer Johannes Vingboons’ map of California shown as an Island, The United States Library of Congress’s: 1639. A lot of the early maps of the North American continent show California as an island. This fiction persisted for well over hundred years.

seas blog id: 1223

America blog id: 660

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geographer Posidonius who made a calculation of the earths circumference that, we now know, was only three quarters of the actual distance. The most well known geographer of the antiquity, Ptolemy, took the views of Posidonius, and thus, this idea remained influential until well into the Renaissance. Columbus assumed this calculation to be correct and used maps that were based on this worldview. That explains why he arrived in America instead of Asia but did not notice this mistake at all. He even called the local inhabitans ‘Indians’ because he thought he had reached India. Moreover, one can argue that it is a lucky coincidence that Columbus had used inaccurate maps; if he would have known the actual distance between Europe and the east coast of Asia, he probably would never have dared to navigate that distance.

Mistakes and deliberate deception

The craft of mapmaking has been practiced for centuries and has always been accompanied by mistakes, misinterpretations and inaccurate copying. There are countless examples of sixteenthcentury maps with obvious mistakes caused by copying. More than once the map image was not in accordance with reality. In the Netherlands, sometimes a parceled polder was already placed on the map where there should have been a lake, and sometimes it was exactely the opposite and one

would see a lake where there was already dry soil. This kind of persistent errors, once made, caused confusion for decades and were difficult to erase. These kinds of mistakes were usually not made deliberately, but were due to the commercialization of cartography. At that time cartographers often had to rely on outdated, third party cartographic information. Most of the time, new surveys were far too expensive for commercial publishers. As a result, few new maps were published. Copying was easiest and also relatively cheap. Over time, in addition to unintentional errors, false maps where brought into circulation intentionaly. The Dutch East India Company (United East India Company or VOC) – which dominated the world seas in the seventeenth century – used maps of the far East which were not completely filled in. The coastline of Australia was often only partially indicated to make it more difficult for competitive countries (particularly England) to get correct information. Strategic cartographic information was kept secret, as it was extremely valuable. In times of war it was, and still is, very commom to intentionally change and falsify maps. [Remember Colin Powell showing us the weapons of mass destruction in Irak?] Maps can be used as a propaganda tool, and to mislead the enemy. In the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany both techniques were frequently used.


Nova Typis Transacta Navigatio. Novi Orbis Indiae Occidentalis, 1621, Digital Library of Rare Books, University of São Paulo, Brazil. St. Brendan (c. 484 – c. 577) was an Irish monk. According to medieval legend, Brendan embarked on a seven-year voyage through the Atlantic in search of the Garden of Eden. The legends recount Brendan’s amazing adventures, including his encounter with a whale upon whose back he held communion. Brendan and his band of monks eventually discovered a brightly-lit land through which flowed a great river. After wandering the land for 40 days in an unsuccessful search for the farthest shore, they filled their ships with precious gems and returned home. Brendan died soon afterward, but his fabulous island became a standard feature on maps for the next millenia. The earliest surviving version of this story dates from the 11th century.

weapons blog id: 587

deformed buildings blog id: 895 GPS blog id:1227

Cartographers in the Soviet Union were employed by the governement to fool domestic as well as foreign enemies. On their maps, they moved and deformed buildings , highways, railways, even complete villages, industrial areas and rivers. This kind of deception took place in Adolf Hitlers Germany as well. But the Nazi’s also created maps that were especially designed to make citizens support Hitler’s plans. Many maps were manipulated to victimize Germany, inorder to justify the tactics and military actions against its enemies. We must remain critical when dealing with maps today. People often blindly assume that maps show us the truth. Despite their schematic and scientific appearence deception remains a possibility. GPS data can be false, or out-dated, and if you search for places like royal palaces, military bases, aerospace installations, weapons factories and nuclear installations on Google maps, you wil probably only find blind spots.

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Colophon & Foreword; O.K. Periodicals editors Adhesive Me; Bastiaan de Wolff My digital camara was broken while making a selfportrait with a big adhesive plaster on my nose. Pressing and twisting the camera changed the structure. Pixelfungi; Jan Schaab Basically its a typical computer error. The Preview in the Mac Os Finder was not able to display quicktime files properbly. So the video was viewed in a distorted way. I dont know why and sadly now this beautyful malfunction is gone. I took a few screenshots and worked them in photoshop, to my surprise pixelfungi grew out the edges. Koe in de Weide; David Smeulders Controlled failure with homemade scan camera; Out of a fascination towards movement I’ve been investigating ways to show movement within 1 image. First I’ve started with pinhole cameras and long exposure times, off course you will see some movement, or better to say, you see that things moved around. But one key part was always missing. The legibility of these movements. Therefor I’ve started experimenting with other ways of exposure, in the beginning with the shutter, and later with the backsides of the cameras. The Pictures of the Scream; Rougieux Maura I got disturbed by working 2months in a videogame production. I was’nt familiar with this world at all. I guess i got the job because I was on a terrible mood during the interview. I first had to translated a complete video game from german into french, from the legal disclaimer to the dialogues of the druid. And then: it went online, and NOW: I have to take care of 30 000 gamers (sick). Monday, i started at 9 o’clock, having 80 “problems” mails : FFFUUUUCKKK!!!! i’m hanging around on forums and chats with FREAKS - I have to help them, controle them, be nice to them, ban them, delete them-, and I have to find “trustable” moderators (most of them are loosers, working in an office, or COPS )). I miss the test-world 1. I enjoy even more beiing back home. I love sunday. Yesterday was a nice day, like every sunday i cooked my “sunday” fish. It was nice. After this I had a nice cup of tea and when to bed. The alarm clock. I quit the job. Dear Tony; Martijn Brugman Urban Failure #1; Marieke Vromans Variations on a theme; Jet van Zwieten Roadworks; Maaike van der Zee Rev6; William van Giessen Alien blob; Arnout Visser Random failures A variety of all kinds of human, technical, environmental & economical failures. Polaroid Error; Ralf Steegs Doomsday; Bouwe van der Molen Air Burst; Ant Scott At the instant of nuclear air burst above a city, the buildings are X-rayed, the uniformly intense light blots out the sky and the sun becomes a nightmareish saturated hue, reminiscent of Missile Command on an old 8-bit games console. Ant Scott is a glitch artist from the UK. He started taking screenshots of digital errors and data in 2001. Today he makes photographic exposures with less involvement of the computer, and interprets the glitch more widely. He is co-editor of ‘Glitch: Designing Imperfection’, which is due to be published in May 2009. Glitch Catch; Karl Klomp Self Portrait - Hoover Dam; Noah Kalina I am not sure I call this one a failure, it is more serendipitous. It wasn’t intentional, but it worked out perfectly. It was the last photo of a series of self portraits I was doing in Las Vegas. I thought the ultimate way to end it was to do a picture at the Hoover Dam. It is a tourist location people who visit Las Vegas go and visit to get away from the city. Naturally it is overcrowded.


When I was taking this picture a man walked right into my frame. I think it perfectly sums up the Las Vegas tourist experience. 41 Lino Error; Alice Marwick 43 Untitled; Rainer Isendam The skater who is missing in the picture was part of the world championship skateboarding in Rotterdam. Obviously people fall when attempting stunts in ramps like these. I thought the lone skateboard suspended in the air was a funny and strong image of failing, the one who failed is invisible as a result of his failure, but his high flying intentions are still visible through the board. 44 Op-art: Blundering Brains; Roos Bijvelds 46 Dazzle Otto; Theun Karelse 48 I, the World, Things, Life; Jacob Dahlgren 52 Time Out of Mind; William van Giessen 54 Functional Visual Anarchism; Studio ‘t Brandt Weer 58 The Life of Vladimir Krešjova; Marieke Vromans 60 – 67 Metro Antwerp; Arno van Tilburgh 62 Grands Travaux Inutiles; Joost van der Steen 68 I Can’t Dance; Zsuzsanna Iljin 69 On Course for Failure; Inge ter Schure 70 Untitled; Fieke van Berkom 71 blogspot.jodi.org; JODI 72 OSS/**** & WRONGBROWSER.ORG; JODI 73 A Passive Love Drama; Christel Ooms 74 Serendipity; Hans Gremmen & Wyber Zeefdruk 78 On and Off the Map; Boy Timmermans 84 GO TO: WWW.OK-BLOG.NL 85 Research in print; BatteryBattery This illustration is part of Battery’s search for the limits of modern printing techniques. Are moiré, gradients, overprint and layering still problems you need to take into account as a graphic designer? Previous research was published in ‘Proef NPN’, printed by NPN Drukkers, Breda, The Netherlands. 90 Failures as Portals of Creative Discovery; Paul Iske & Bas Ruyssenaars 92 Content 93 Invitation to Launch Party; February 20th 2009 @ TAPE, Arnhem, NL 94 Promotional flyer; O.K. Failure magazine 95 Content (continued) 96 The O.K. Periodicals Mailbox Fails to Keep Spam Out; magazine@ok-parking.nl

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