The Cantuarian December 1956 - April 1958 by OKS Association

THE CANTUARIAN VoL. XXVJI

No. I.

DECEM BER,

1956

EDITORIAL Hungary bleeds. The last twenty years have seen the martyrdom of many small countries; but this is possibly the most tragic of them all. For the Hungarians alone threw to the winds all calculations of risk and would not be cowed by the likelihood, almost the certainty, that the r uthless juggernaut of Soviet repression would be set in motion to crush the life out of the revolt. The tanks moved in. The fightin g came to an end. The shootings and the deportations began. Thousands fled. But the spirit of resistance still burns fiercely. The tanks glower in the main streets; but in the side-streets leaflets call for strikes, and the call is obeyed. These events have made an impact on people who do not usually take much interest in politics and foreign affairs. The concept of peaceful coexistence has vanished overnight, as we are all once more brought up against the realities of Soviet deeds. For all their fine words in recent months, the Russian leaders have after all shown themselves, by their brutality, to be the true heirs of Stalin and indeed of Ghengis Khan. We feel shame that the free world can do so little to help those who suffer now in Hungary. But at least we can do something for those who have fled, and this School has taken its part in the national effort to help the refugees.

It It

II II

THE ENTOMBM ENT OF CHRI ST (See

" M EDIAEVA L ALABASTER P ANELS",

p. 14)

CONTENTS EDlTORIAL THE SCHOOL SALVETE ... VALETE VIRTUTE FUNCTI MORE PATRUM DUCES TO CHATTE RTON TH IS AND THAT THE CHRISTM AS CONCERT MEDIAEVAL ALABASTE R PANELS KING 'S D U RTNG THE NAPOLEONIC WARS EDUCATION TH E SPARROW ... APOLOGIES A DERI VATION OF THE NORMAL ER ROR CUR VE PROPOSITIONS ... UNAN IMISM AT WORK IN CANTERBURY BOOK R EVI EWS ... ROYAL MArL MAURICE EISEN BERG M R. DAVTD WEBSTER A RECITAL HARRIET COH EN DON PASQUALE THE SCHOOL ROLL D I VVERS' DIVERSIONS TH E CAM BRIDG E LETTER HOUSE PLAYS ... TH E NEW BOYS' PLAYS T H E SCH OOL CHOIR .. . TH E LIBRARY ... T H E THREE MUSIC C IRCLE CONCE RTS ORCH ESTRA OUTING T HE C HAPEL T i lE SOCIETIES ... IS TH IS MY MOTHER AND MY BROTH ER? C. C. r. NOTES R UGBY FOOTBALL TH E CANT ERB URY PILGR IMS BOAT C LUB C ROSS-COUNTRY C LUB SQUASH RACKETS BOXI NG .. . FENCI NG CLUB ... Continued overleaf

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I' AGE

SH OOTING LEWIS PHI Lt.rPr A fi ll OI'RMt:I ER PAN EG YR IC O.K.S. NEWS OBITUAR IES CORRESPONDLNCE OUR CONTI"'MI'ORAR ILS

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I L L USTRAT IONS:ENTOM BM ENT OF Ctl R 1ST "SIX T Y-S IX YEA RS OF Til E T UCK SHO P" TH E CAT HEDRAL F ROM T H E DAN E JOl-IN 1ST XV, 1956 .. . T HE FIRST XV AGA INST BLACKI-I EATJ-1 ...

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THE CANTUARIAN

Profoundly moved as we all are by the outrage the Russians have committed, the statement which the Dean of Canterbury has made to the Press on the subject of Hungary has caused particular distress. This is not the first occasion on which we have felt strong disagreement with the Dean's views, nor the first time that we have regretted that such pronouncements should be made by a high dignitary of the Church of England and the Chairman of our Board of Governors. We have not so far taken issue with the Dean in these pages out of respect for his office; and, like everyone else, he has the right to his opinions and the right to express them. But there comes a point when we, too, have the right to say what we think of the views he has so publicly expressed, and when, considering his official connection with us, we have a duty to do so. The Hungarian people know what fascism is. They suffered under it both before and during the war. But the Dean claims to see a resurgence of fascism in a rising which has been nation-wide, which is to this day led by workers' councils, and which is supported even by many of those who call themselves communists. If this rising was a fascist one, then words have indeed lost their meaning. And what must we think when we are told that an action which cannot be condoned from a moral point of view can yet be justified politically? It is true there are people who believe this- unfortunately even among those who do not otherwise share the Dean's views; but one is sorry to find such teachings coming from a minister of God. Of what value is a man's religion if he is so readily prepared thus to subordinate morality, the very essence of religion, to expediency, and if he can defend the savage destruction of life and liberty on the grounds that the Soviet Union considered it necessary in the interests of its own particular brand of Socialism? No, the events in Hungary cannot be disposed of by playing with political slogans or by drawing distinctions between political expediency and morality. The tragedy of a people who fought for a breath of freedom and won it for a brief moment only to have it throttled out of them again transcends all politics. The martyrdom of Hungary is not the martyrdom of any -ism: it is the martyrdom of the human spirit itself.

THE CANTUAR l AN

THE SCHOOL Captain of School: M. E. W. VINCENT Head of The School House . .. H. A. BROWN Head of T he Grange . . . J. R. FREW Head of Walpole House J . B. C. BALKWILL M. E. w. VINCENT Head of Meister Omers Head of Luxmoore House J. A. G. STEWART Head of Galpin's H ouse T. C. CHENEVIX-T RENCH, K.s. Head of Linacre House 0. R. F. DAVIES, K.s. Head of Marlowe House C. M. J. WHITTINGTON, K.s. School Monitor : P. F. VALPY

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HOUSE MONITORS T he School House: A. J . D. SMITH, M. T. THORBURN, M. D . D ELLER A. J. AGNEW, I. S. McDONALD, K.s., T. M. E. DuNN, B. D. FooRD, The Grange: D. P. BUCHAN, B. K. JEFFERY, K.S., c. c. w. ADAMS, K.S. I. c. POTTER, M. R. B. READ, c. S. STEVENS, M. J. RICKETTS, Walpole House: E. A. J . GARDENER A. P. G. STANLEY-SMITH, G. A. G. KJOD, A. P . AYLI NG, K.s., Meister Omers: N. G. BURBRIDGE, P. J. FORD, C. H . N. MOY Luxmoore House : J. C. L. FOOT, K.S., H . L. CLARK, M . R . A. MATTHEW Galpin's Ho use: J. A. KANE, K.S., R. T. BAKER, K.S., A. J. REDPATH, K.S., M. J. PRICE Linacrc House: J. P. ROCJJE, K.S., S. C. HARDISTY, K.s., D. J . MoRTIMER, P. W. N113LOCK, M. G. SAYER, K.S. Marlowe House : M. G. PARAMOR, A. B. A. STEARS, K.s., P. D . ELvY, J. P. GREEN, K.S. Captain of Rugby Football A. J. AGNEW A. B. SAVILE Captain of Fencing J. A. KEARIN Captain of Boxing J. A. TURNER Captain of Squash Rackets R. K. HOLT Captain of Shooting The Cantuarian: Editors: T HE CAPTAIN OF ScHOOL, 0. R. F . DAVIES, K.s., T. C. CHENEVIX-TRENCH, K.S., M. J. RICKETTS Sports Editor: P. W. NIBLOCK Secretary: H . A. S. BANCROFT 5

THE CANTU ARIAN

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SALYETE A. J . Addis, D. E. Baker, D . S. Baker, S. J. M. Barnetson, D. C. Bartley, J. R. Bennet, T. G. Bewley, S. N. I. Bianco, R . G. Box, C. E. B. Boyle, J . R. Bret herton, R. C. Brown, N. A. S. Bury, R. M. J. Bury, M. D. Buttler, R. M . K. Carey, S. R. G. Carrington, C. H. Cavendish-Smith, S. D . Challis, W. J. Chesshyre, R. L. Coates, C. E. Cole, I. E. Cole, P . Consterdine, D. A. Cooke, N. D. Curtis, J. P. Da niell, J . A. D onne, J. R. Dowd, C. C. L. Dunn , C. M. East, R . G. Eden, B. W. E lvy, P . B. Embery, J. P. C. Gaut, R. A. Geddes, A. Geo rgiadis, S. N. Gillespie-Smith , H. W. Goldsmi th, T . C. Good, M. G. Greig, R. K. B. Ha lsey, J. J . R. C. Ha rston , D. F. Hawtho rn, E. B. I. Hazelton, P.M. B. Hinchy, M. R . Hirst, W. L. Holt, A. K. P. Jackson, R. A. Kenchington, A. J. King, M. H . King, R. J. A. C. La urie, C. Lawrence, P. Lea, G. K. Levitt, M. J . Lindley, A. M . C. Lu xmoore, A. M. D . S. McClella nd, I. A. M. McClure, J. A. B. Mcindoe, R. K. H. Ma rtin, J. F. Matthew, W. D. Maycock, J. M. H . S. Metcalfe, J. G. Moore, D. B. Moss, C. E. Nea me, M. H. B. Newell, J . Norris, J . R . Palmer, C. A. M. Parrish, A. C. Parsons, M. J. Parsons, R . H. Percival, J. P. Perkins, R . Philpott, M. R. P ickering, C. M. Price, M. J. Pritchard, M. D. W. Pugh, R. M. H . Purnell, P. A. Rawlings, H. A. Rudgard, S. A. Saward, G. D. Scott, J. E. Scott, J.P. Scrivenor, R . I. Selman, B. H. Shear ing, A. G. R. Simmonds, P. Snuggs, P. E. J. Soar, M. M. G. Stanley-Smith, D . C. P. Stedall , D. C. M . Stiles, P . Stockdale, R. M. Stowell, P. M. Strudwick, R . H. Tatchell, N . J. Walker, D . J . G. Wardrop, A. Wayne, R. P. Webster, R . M. Weller, R. A. Winter, M. J. G. Yearwood, D. A . Young.

VALETE C. R . Alabaster, G. I. Allen, J. D. Allen, R. D. Baker, D . G. Barber, M. J. Barringer, J. E. Bates, J. A. W. Bewley, M. N.J. Broomfield, P . S. Burnham, J. K. D . Cam pbell, P. K . W. Cashell, W. H. J . Chippendale, C. W. R. H . Cook, J. H. Cooper-Poo le, C. T. Davies, R. H . T. D awkins, G. P . H . Duerinckx, A. M. Forster, R. G . Forrest, N. H. Freeman, P. J . S. Furneaux, R . 1. Goate, G. A. Gray, M . J. Gregory, R. D . Gregory, G. N. H artley, D . R . Heygate, T . G. Hird, R . G . C. H oury, P. J. Houston, M. G. Hudson, C. J. James, P. F. King, P. F. Lamb, R . A. Large, J. J . Lewis, A. P. Mason, B. D . Mercer, G. A. Mickleburgh, M. J. Minns, G. N. Mullins, R . H. Nunn, P . B. W. Padley, M. A. Passmore, F. D. Pilcher, D. F. Riceman, J . J. Richardson, N. A. J. Swa nson, A. R. Tolputt, R. C . Tomkins, T . H . Trumble, T. J. D. Tucker, J. B. Turner, A. R. A. Veitch, D . J. Walter, D. J. White, J. G. White, R . G. Whitelegg, H. C. Whittall, H . G. Williams, N. M . Willis. 6

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THE CANTUARIAN

VIRTUTE FUNCTI MO RE PATRUM DUCES D . E. BALFOUR.- Entered J.K.S. , Jan., '46 ; K.S., May, '5 1; Wa lpole House Monitor ; School Monitor; 1st XV, '54, '55; Hon. Sec., '55; 1st Athletics, '53-'56; Captai n, '55, '56; Capta in Cross Country, '55, '56; Swimming Colours, '52-'56. W. A. H . BODGER.- Entered J.K.S., May, '48 ; K .S., Sept., '50 ; Hon. King's Scholar; Upper VI ; Shute H istory Schol. to St. Catherine's Society, Oxford. R. R. BuRK.- Entered Sept., '5 1; King's Scholar; Upper VI ; Linacre House Monitor; Leadin g Seaman, Naval Section, C. C. F. ; Open Science Scholarship to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. R . G. D. M. BuRR.- E nte red Sept. , '5 1; Galpin's H o use Mo ni tor; Upper VI ; H o n. Sec. , Boats, '55-'56. R. COLLINGwooo.- Entered Sept., '50; King's Scholar; School Monito r ; Captain of Squash Rackets; C.Q.M.S. in C.C.F. P. J. FREEMAN.- Entered Sept. , '51; King's Scholar; Upper VI; Corporal, R.A.F. Section, C. C. F.; Open History E xhibitio n to University College, Oxford . J . M . G. HunoN.- Entered Sept., '51; Wa lpole House Monitor; 2nd XV, '54; 1st, '55; 2nd XI, '54, '55 ; 1st, '56 ; Cross-Coun try Colours, '54-'56; Leading Seaman , Naval Section, C.C.F. D. D. JEVONS.- Entered May, '50 ; Upper VJ; School Monitor; H ead of Linacre House, '55-'56; 1st XV, '53-'55; Captain, '54, '55; Flight-Sergeant, R.A.F. Section, C. C. F.; Editor, The Cantuarian. S. J . LAINE.- Entered May, '52; Senior Kin g's Schola r; Upper V£; School H ouse House Monito r; 2nd X I, '55; 1st, '56; Captain , 2nd Hockey X I, '56; 2nd Athletics, '56; Corporal, C.C. F.; Open Exhibition, Ma thematics, to Christ Church, Oxford. R. A. LANE.- Entered Sept., '51; Music Schola r; Gal pin's House Monito r; 2nd Athletics; Sgt. i/c Artillery Sectio n, C. C. F.; H olroyd Music Schola rshi p to Keble College, Oxford . R. 0. L!NFORTH.- Entered Sept., '51 ; King's Scholar; Upper V£ ; Meister Orners House Monitor ; Lance-Sergeant, C.C.F. C. P. Mc CuRDY.- Entered Sepr., '5 1; King's Scholar; Upper V£ ; Meister Omers House Monitor; Sergeant, R.A . F. Section, C. C. F.; State Scholarship. S. T. J. MAZZARELLA.-Entered Sept., '50; King's Scholar ; Grange House Monitor; Upper VI ; Cadet Petty Officer, R.N. Section, C.C.F.; State Scholarship; Editor of The Cantuarian. G. P. MoRGAN.- Entered J .K.S., Sept. , '44 ; K.S., Sept., ' 50; School Monitor and Head of Meister Omers; Upper Vl ; Athletics Colours, '44-'56; Vice-Captain, ' 55-'56; 2nd XV, '56; Flight-Sergeant, R.A.F. Section, C.C.F. J. K. MoRRISS.- Entered May, '5 1; School House House Monitor ; Upper VI; Sergeant, C.C.F. M. A. MuRCH.-Entered Jan ., '51; Grange Ho use Monitor ; School Mon itor; 2nd XV, '53, '54; Captain, '54; 1st XV, '55; 2nd Rowing, '53-'56 ; Cadet Petty Officer, R.N. Section, C.C.F. 7

'rHE CANTUARIAN

N.H. NICHOLLS.-Entercd J .K.S., Sept., '46; K.S., Sept., '51; King's Scholar; Uppe1' Vl ; Linacre House Prefect; Lance-Sergeant, C.C.F.; Hon. Sec., Pater Society; Open Classical Exhibition to St. John's College, Oxford. R. G. PATERSON.- Entered Sept., '51; Christina Mason Scholar; Hon. King's Scholar; School Monitor and Head of Luxmoore H ouse; Upper VI ; 2nd XV, '54, '55; 1st Athletics, '55, '56; Swimming, '52-'56; Hon . Sec., '55; Captain, '56; Boxing, '54-'56; Captain, '55, '56; Lance-Sergeant, C.C.F.; Open Exhibition, Mat11s. and Physics to Christ's College, Cambridge. J. S. P. SALE.-Entered Sept., '50 ; School Monitor and Head of The Grange; Upper VI ; 2nd Vlll, '54; 1st VJLJ , '56; 2nd Athletics, '54 ; Corporal, R.A.F. Section, C. C. F.; Ho n. Sec., Rail way Society. E. J. SMALMAN SM ITH .~Ente red Sept., '50 ; Ki ng's Scholar; School Monitor and Head of Walpole House; Upper Vf; Captain of Shooting, '54-'56 ; Sergean t i/c Signals Platoon, C.C.F.; Ford Studentship to Trinity College, Oxford . R. J . SNELL.- Entered Sept., '5 1; Marlowe House; Galpin's House Monitor, May, '55; School Monitor, Head of Galpin's and Captain of the School; Upper VL; 1st XV, '55; 2nd XI, '55; 2nd Athletics; Chief Petty Officer, R.N. Section, C.C.F.; Editor of The Cantuarian. R. M. SurroN.- Entered J. K.S., Sept., '45; K.S., Sept., '50; Walpole House Prefect; School Monitor; 2nd XI, '53, '54; lst, '55; '56; 1st H ockey, '54-'56; Hon. Sec., '55; Captain, '56; 2nd XV, '55; C.S.M., C.C.F. J . C. TRICE.-Entered Sept., '50; School Monitor and Head of School House; Upper VI ; 2nd XV, '55; 2nd XI, '54, '55; 1st, '56; 2nd Athletics, '54; 1st, '55, '56; C.S.M., C.C.F. F. D. WoooRow.- Entered J .K.S., Jan., '48; K.S., Sept., '50; King's Scholar; Upper VI ; Grange House Monitor ; School Monito r ; Lance-Sergeant, C. C. F.; Open Science Exhibition a nd Parker Exhibition to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.

TO CHATTERTON Ah, Chatterton, so many men H ave written rhymes to you; A lonely impulse does constrain Myself to do so too. Like the fast-fading violet That dies before the dew, You passed away ere you were yet And bad the Spring adieu. And yet yo u still immortal reign In ode a nd triolet; But though in them you still remain, Yet they we quite fo rget. "SUTILBO" 8

THE CANTUAR I AN

THIS AND THAT The XV

The XV were unbeaten by a school side this season, a feat that has not been accomplished for some years. We offer our congratulations to the team, and in particula r to A. J. Agnew a nd their coach, Mr. Colin Fairservice.

T he Church of St. George the Mar tyr was destroyed beyond repair in the great raid of 1942. To-day the tower alo ne stands in the centre of the new shops in St. George's Street. Though many people must regret its Joss, it is of consola tion to know that a church has risen elsewhere in the Diocese to take its place. T he site of All Sa ints', Spring Park, was purchased in 1932, but it was not until 1955 that the building of the present church was sta rted. T he total cost or the church will be £39,500, of which £7,000 has been raised by the parish itself, £3,000 has been lent, and the rest was made available by a tra nsfer of the War Damage money from St. George's. All Saints' was consecrated by the Archbishop on Sunday, December 9th.

All Saints', Spring Park

The Governor of Northern Rhodesia tells us of the new post of Learner District Assistant which has been created especially for those who seek an overseas career, but who seem to be debarred because they lack a university degree. This does not mean, we are told, that "those whose intellectual equipment would not in any case get them to or through a un iversity" need apply; the post is for boys of "high character and ability" who "have finished or arc about to finish their National Service". Those interested should write for further details to The Commissioner for Nort hern R hodesia, 57 H ayma rket, London, S.W .l. Overseas Careers

We are delighted to add our congra tulations to those of the Medical A Long Service Director General of the R oyal Navy, on the completio1i, by Dr. Record Charles Etherid ge, M. l3.E. (1 886- 92), of llfty yea rs' service as Admiralty Surgeon a nd Agent. This long tenure of the appointment constitutes a record which present-day regulations make it impossible to break. We a re grateful to Colonel B. L. Hooper, o.K.s., who recently presented the School with a large variety of books, some of which have been given to the book store and some to the Sanatorium L ibrary, and a range of bound volumes of the Windsor Magazine which are now in the Library. A Gift of Books

All those who attended the Nave Concert last J uly a nd heard the Beethoven Violin Concerto will be interested to hear that appreciations of the concert and the soloist in particular appeared in the Musical Times and The Listener. "The soloist in the concerto, Miles Baster, is a lready an accomplished violinist and gave a confidently assured performance. It will be surprising if his name does not become fam iliar to the musical public a t large", writes Dyneley Hussey. We hope that when it does he will still find time to play to us.

The Nave Concert

THE

CANTUAR IAN

Next year will see the tercentenary of the death of William Harvey. William Harvey We were very glad to see the publication by Richard A. Hun ter and Ida Maca lpine, in the St. Bartholomew's Hospital Jo urna l of June this year, two medical a necdotes concerning th is 0. K.S. Since little of the actual life of Harvey is known, they are all the more va luable. The first is told by Sir Kenelm Digby, who was a friend of both Ha rvey and Descartes. Descartes believed that motio n and sensation were produced by the same nerves; but Harvey foreshadowed the discovery by Bell in the 19th century tha t the motor and the sensory nerves were separate. He had been brought to this conclusion by the case of a patient of his, "a seruant in the colledge of Physitians in London," who "was exceed ing strong to labour and able to carry any necessa ry burthen, a nd to remoue thinges dextero usly, according to the occasion: a nd yet he was so voyde of feeling tha t he vsed to grind his handes against the walles, a nd against course lumber, when he was employed to rummage any; in so much, that they would runne with bloud, through grating of the skinne, without his feeling of what occasioned it" .

The second anecdote, related by Boyle, is perhaps even more remarkable, fo r in it Harvey treated a physical condition on what we might to-day a lmost call psychosomatic lines : "There was a Maid of about eighteen Years of age, who, without the loss of motion, had so lost the sense of feeling in the external parts of her body that when he (a Mr. Hollyer) had, for tryal sake, pinn'd her Handkerchief to her bare Neck, she went up and down with it so pinn'd, without having any sense of what he had done to her .... Dr. Harvey, out of Curiosity, visited her sometimes; and suspecting her strange Distemper to be chiefly Uterine, and curable onely by Hymeneal Exercises, he advised her Parents .... to take her home, and provide her a Husband, by whom, in effect, she was according to his Prognostick, and to many Mens wonder, cur'd of that strange Disease."

We a rc very gratefu l to Mrs. Prest, who has pro mised a set of masters' chairs for the Great Hall , as a memorial to her husband, Gerald Stanley Prest (0. K.S. 1898- 1902). The Cantuaria n Lodge of Freemasons have very kindly offered to p resent a suitable clock for the H al l. We thank them wa rmly for their generosity. For the Great Hall

The o ther day a letter arrived here addressed to " The Honourable International Headmaster of the King's School at Canterbury". It was from a 19 year relationships old German girl, who, with some friends, was in Canterbury during King's Week . She wri tes: " When we went around the Cathedral in the evening we heard music out of the interior of the Cathedral, and we got interested, stood still to listen . And then some polite and friendl y scholars of your School invited us to listen to the music in the Cathedral, led us into the Cathedral, where a group of boys tried for a Public Representation of the operetta The Mikado by Sullivan-Gilbert, as we were told by the polite young gen tlemen. And then we had an evening with so much pleasure, really, that we cannot forget it now in the greyness of the every day. We often speak about the examination for the operetta. We remember sti ll just exactly the humorous details and how the yo ung gentlemen were brilliant in their parts, especially the Imperial Bride, and the Emperor, and the Jester. Really, we have had much p leasure, and I wish yo u have had much success !" 10

THE CANTUA RlAN

We offer our congratulations to A. H. M. H oare for ga1nmg his Rugger Blue for Oxford and to N. C. G. Raffle for his Trial Cap for England o n Decembe r 15th. We a lso notice with pleasure that R . N. B. Thomas was stroki ng 'Rock' which lost to ' Roll' in the Oxford Trial Eights Race. We congratulate, also, Roger Symon who is now at St. John's, Cambridge, and who has been mentioned in despatches for his part in operations in Malaya.

Congratulations

After the re-introductio n last term of the white topped socks and tasselled caps for Rugby, the distinctive colour hat-band has been bro ught back th is term. Tt is in fact the reverse of the Rowing Colour, which is, however, a later offsprin g. With five different hat-bands the predicament of the all rou nd games p layer must be in tense.

Hatbands

There has been an encouraging revival o f Chess in the School, and at present both an individual Ladder and a n Tnter-House Competition are in progress. The rules o f th e Competition a re still elastic, but unless they depart markedly fro m the customary ones either School H ouse or Luxmoo re will first display the Cup which has made its appearance. The Captains of these House teams, G . S. Brock and R. J. Pengelly respectively, are also the most frequent occupants of the top of the ladder ; the bottom rungs are fi rmly sat on by masters, but it is hoped some movement will take place eventually.

C hess Club

" What's a league?" (Master of Studies.) Quotes of the Term "Adultery, you know! Stuff, stuff!" (Divinity lesson.) " I feel that now yo u are in the Upper Sixth you could dispense with the ' 0 C rumbs'." (Latin lesson.) "Who beats Vincen t when he's naughty?" (A new boy.) "I wi ll start by assuring my audience that everything they hear to-night will be of no ea rthly use to them in any way whatsoever." (Professor Norman Sykes.) The National Youth Orchestra

W e co ngratu la te G. W. Lane o n being admitted to the National Yo uth Orchestra as a viola. He j oins J. Polglase ('cello) and C. B. Seaman (timpan i), who have been members for a year, and R. F. Lunn ('cello), a member fo r two yea rs.

An age-old ceremo ny was observed in front o f the Assembly Hall this term. By tradition, when the top s tone is laid or the highest chimney completed on a new building, a flag is hoisted to this top point and all who have been involved in the building are treated to a pint of beer a t the expense of the prospective owner. One morning last term, therefore, a ll those who have taken part in building the H all, together with the architect, the Headmaster and the Archdeacons of Canterbury and Maidstone, ga thered together to observe this a ncient tradition. The flag was hoisted, the beer was given round, and memora ble photographs were take n. According to t he traditio n a black nag is ho isted if the owner fa ils to pay up for the beer. Another version is that a black flag is ho isted fi rst and exchanged fo r the other only when the money is paid. Customs and traditions

TJIE CAN TUARIA N

In Germany, acco rding to a similar custom, a branch is hoisted when the rafters of a new building are in position, a nd then a traditional poem is recited. Both these customs can be traced back for ma ny centuries. Many of us have admired the colour and to ne of the tiles which have been used for the roof of the H all. They arc in fact new tiles from Reading, and are the original type of old-fash ioned, hand made clay tiles which has nowadays been la rgely replaced by concrete ti ling. By tradition these ti les are called "Bible-backed", because they are curved inwards slightly li ke the hard cover of a well used fami ly Bible.

Renovations to the School Shop

The School Shop has been half concealed by scaffo ldin g for most of the term, while renovations were being made to the face. It now looks bri ght and " new" o nce more; they will not, however, make the building look any less perilous to the numerous Transatlantic visitors.

There was in the April issue of The Cantuarian an article by Mr. Sopwith about the King's he knew in 1905, which has aroused considerable interest in the School of Dr. Galpi n's days. I learnt much, this December, about the School in Mr. Field's time, from Mrs. Cooke who as wife of the Mint Yard gatekeeper kept the School tuck-shop in 1892. The School recentl y sent her a parcel of groceries and though she laughingly replied that she doubted if she could eat it a ll, her appeara nce belies this. She now lives in the St. Stephen's almshouses at I-Ia rbledown, ninety-one in April, a nd looking so fit and cheerful that one fully expects to see her still serving behind the counter. She bas many memories of the time when she served buns and chocolate in break from the window of her lodge, of the boys who skilfull y avoided paying for as long as they could, of the suppers she used to cook for the monitors a nd how annoyed the Headmaster was when he found that they used to ta lk to Mrs. Cooke's three daughters, all born in the gatehouse a nd one of whom was married in St. Anselm's C hapel. She told me how it snowed on the Sports Day of 1896 and how she had to put up wire to protect her windows from cricket balls, and she had particularly amusing recollections of her husband helping Mr. Mason, "Old Tar", to unlock his door when he came home in not too sober a condition, and of letting the boys slip out of the Walpole gate to buy fruit in the town. We wish Mrs. Cooke good health and happiness for many years to come and look forward to the day when we can salute her hundredth birthday. Sixty-four years of the tuck shop

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TH E CANTUA RIAN

CHRISTMAS CONCERT The end-of-term concert given before an invited audience in the Chapter Ho use o n the evening of Saturday, J 5th December, was divided, as usual, into three parts.

Tt was opened by the Orchestra with a li vely performance of Saint-Saens' overture La Princesse Jaune, the prevailing brightness of which is piquantly contrasted with a pseudo-orientally mystifying introductio n. Contrast, both between and within the three sections, was, indeed, a feature of the whole programme. For any who rema ined unwarmed by the eloquence of the Borod in-Sargent Nocturne or untitillated by the percussively spiced cross-rhythms of Arthur Benjamin's Jamaican Rumba, there was the classical grace of Haydn's Surprise Symphony, played witho ut the embell ishm~nt of unauthentic or uni ntended surprises. Next came the turn of the Choral Society. Colonel Roberts temporarily surrendered his baton to Mr. Wright, whose characteristically sensitive treatment of VaughanWilliams' Christmas Carol Fantasia coaxed some fine effects from a chorus who responded with obvious eagerness to his every gesture; the Chaplain gave a glowing and fervent account of the baritone solo part, and Mr. Lawrence's piano accompaniment was, as always, exquisite ly right. A section of the Orchestra introduced and accompanied the cho rus in Zadok the Priest. Coming immediately after the carol fantasia, Handel's Coro nation a nthem, while keeping the festive spirit of the concert, brought changes in style, mode, and rhythm. F luidity gave way to regularity. Dramatic tautness was achieved and climaxes were triumphantly scaled without noisiness or irresponsible variation in tem po. Tone and bala nce seemed well adjusted ; entries were precise but not savage; and players and singers were piloted with buoyant elan between the Scylla of flaccidity and the Charybdis of palpita tion through familiar but treacherous Handel ian waters, until, negotiating a series of familiar a nd delightful Handelian cadences, they arrived safely home in the harbour of D Major. Colo nel Roberts .returned to the platform to co nduct the Military Band's performa nce of the ma rch United Nations, Wh.itney's Theandara overture, and Winter's review Pageantry. T he ma rches were played with evident zest, and with greater variety of tone a nd volume than has sometimes been noticed in the past- much had been done to counter temptatio ns to overblow or to keep up an ear-shatteringfortissimo throughout. l n quick marches, the tempo was really brisk, and clarity of texture was preserved even in passages of some technical difficulty. D rums and cymbals were helpful in setting and sustaining a good pace, and to the Keel Row an experiment with flute and tambouri ne added another touch of novelty that was deservedly encored and applauded. So ended a well-planned concert, at which the gaiety of perfo rmers and audience ali ke was admira bly attuned to the mood of the season .

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THE CANTUARJAN

MEDIAEVAL ALABASTER PANELS By the gift of a generous donor Canterbury Cathedral is now enriched with a •

• relief of English mediaeval Alabaster-work depicting the "Entombment". It is fitting that th is panel, " table" is the contemporary name, sho uld adorn the Chapel of St. Mary Magda lene who is here shewn seated below the Tomb with her attribute of the alabaster o intment box at her left and washing the Hand of Our Lord with her tresses. This treatment of the subject is to be observed again on a similar pa nel forming part of the famous English a labaster retable or alta r-piece in Rejkjavik, Iceland: also on detached examples in both the British and Victoria and Albert Museums, London. It is thought that the mediaeval mystery plays influenced the activities of some of the "alabastermen" to account for this dra ma tic gesture, as other recorded contemporary tables from the same worksho ps such as that at Milton, Cambs., and Lo·u viers, France, omit this no ticeable fea ture. In the late-M idd le Ages this craft of the alabastermcn appears to have been a lmost exclusively an E nglish enterprise, practised in a few centres only and those contiguous to or fairl y easily reached by water transport from the alabaster quarries of Derbyshire and Staffordshire and the towns which lay claim to the manufacture and trade in the images and tables such as Nottingham, Burton-on-Trent, York, Norwich and London are so placed, while even Bristol was on ly a matter of time. The claims of London and Nottingham are proven for both manufacture and 'trade ; for the others there is evidence which further research may yet establish for manufact ure, but for trade can be accepted. There are records dea ling with the export trade to the Continent where the finest examples of complete retables still exist in situ as ordered, beautifully painted and gilded and housed in their original carved and decorated wooden framing. Alabaster when qu arried is soft, hardens with time and exposure, is receptive of colour and gilding, was used architecturally as early as the twelfth century and for tombs, images and ta bles contin uously unti l the period of the Reformation. The subjects of the images com prise both Enthroned and Standi ng representations of the Virgin and Child, Apostles and Sain ts. For rctables, ge nera lly com posed of five o r seven panels, the s·u bjects are scenes fro m the " Passio n" and the " Joys of O ur Lady", tho ugh examples exist at Compostella, Spain, of " T he Life of Saint James" and in Venice, that of "Saint Catherine". The English schools of alabaster-work seem confined to the New Testament narrative and connections, while F lemish (Malines) work made much use of the Old Testament in addition. Many articles have been written on the subject of the English work and research is continuing though no t on a lavish scale, as usua l in such matters fo r want of adequate funds for the interested student. Constant revision is necessary in 1he interest of accuracy; for example, the Naples "Passion" retable is labelled erroneously " Oxfordwork" and the "St. Catherine" retable is given a South-German provenance. On the Continent all alabaster-work of a religious character is generically termed "Nottingham" as in Ita ly all tapestry is termed " Arazzo", leading to much confusion and necessitating most careful examination to determine provenance. It can be noted , however, that even in recent years several of the noblest examples have been discovered abroad and returned to th.is country of their origin where they may aga in receive the admiration, respect and adoration which their mediaeval creation inspired. S. W . W OLSEY 14

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TH E C ANTUARTAN

KING'S DURING THE NAPOLEONIC WARS

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indebted for the fo llowing account of the King's School in the time of the Napoleonic Wars to Mr. G. C. Goulder, O. K.S., who transcribed this passage, and to Mrs. Vernon Smith who owns the manuscript and has most k indly agreed to its publication. The complete manuscript is in six volumes and was wrillen by George Trimne/1, who was born on April 24th, 1800, for his children , and it covers in great detail the story of his life up till the time of his writing in 1876. The pages are clearly written in a fine hand and this passage is typical of his style throughout. The importance of documents of this nature to the social historian cannot be exaggerated and anybody who has such manuscript records should be encouraged to find out whether they nwy prove of value.] When I went to the Kin g's School I was exceed ingly ignorant, no pains, at any former schoo l, o r at home, having been ta ken to assist me in understandin g the few lessons I had learnt in books, so tha t l had not the slightest idea of grammar- what it meant, or of what use it was. When therefore J began to lea rn Latin grammar, and from a Latin boo k, [ was always as io d eep water, and the only assistance J received from the mas ter was through pulling my ha ir, wrin ging m y ears, administering blows on th e head with t he back o f a book, a taste o f the birch, or deten tion at school fro m my brea kfas t o r dinner.

It would a ppear that the rule of the school was " Let the child learn , but let no t the m aster teach" . There was prin ted on the entrance d oo r of the schoolroom t he wo rds " Aut disce, a,ut discede" . It wo uld a ppea r that the pupil was expected to understa nd Latin befo re he had learnt it. The English o f the above sentence is " Either learn or depart" . T have since tho ught there sho uld be prin ted o n the other, that is the inner, side of the d oor, for the master's admo nition , the words " Aut doce, aut discede" , i.e., either leach or depart. I was go ing to say noth ing was tau ght a t th is School but Latin or Greek ; this, however, would be scarcely correct, fo r they were not ta ught but allowed to be lea rn t ; there was no thing of what is now co nsidered to be a ve ry necessa ry part of educatio n ; no English reading, or grammar, o r composit ion , no geog ra phy, or mathematics, thou gh fo r one ho ur in the day, o n fi ve or six days o f the week, ge nerall y only five, an English master came to give instructi on in w ri ting and arithmetic. But this was quite unconnected with the King's School, a nd paid fo r separately. And as for religio n, it was entirely igno red, exce pting that a form of prayers was read da ily by o ne of the mo ni tors ; bu t no Scripture was read, nor was any religio us instruction whatever given excepting o nce in fo ur yea rs when a Confirmation was a bo ut to ta ke place a t the Cathedra l, when candidates for the rite were required to learn the Catechism and might possibl y hear rema rks o n it ; bu t I was no t o ne o f these. The whole Scho ol, however, was required to attend service at the Cathedra l every Saturday afterno on, twice on Sundays, and o n the mo rnin g of every Saint's day, and on W ednesdays a nd Fridays during Len t, etc. When attending the Cathedra l service, every boy on the foundation wore either a white surplice o r a purple gown, according as it was a season of feastin g o r fasting. 15

THE CANTUA RlAN

T wen t to the King's School about a year before I was admitted on the foundation, which ad mission is by an examination before the Dean, a nd some of the Chapter of the Cathedra l, but fortunately for me, who was as ignorant of Latin as a child nine years old, who had received no assistance or instruction, either at home or at School, either from parent or master, could be expected to be- fortunately for me, I say, there were so few on the foundation, at that time (which ad mits fifty, but when I left School there were onJy about twenty), that the Dean a nd Chapter were, I suppose, more anxious to give a dmission than to refuse it to anyone, so that I had not the slightest difficulty in passing the examination. The only thing I had to fea r was, first, a bugbear, and secondly, a reality. The bugbearÂˇ was this: the elder boys, those on the found a tion, made those about to be admitted believe that the Verger of the Cathedral, who always on these occasions accompanies the D ea n to the School, brings irons with him with which he brands those who are admitted on the soft part of their posteriors the letters K.S. and though not much credit is given to this, I felt somewhat relieved when the day had passed over, without my having been submitted to the operation. The reality I have mentioned consists of the buffeting which each new scholar has to undergo for the first three times that he wears the surplice or the gown at the Cathedral. These are worn only by those on the foundation. The buffeting is after this manner. All the boys meet at the School before a ttending service, and return to the School after it is over, accompanied by the first or the second master who are always clergymen. After Cathedral service, and on arriving at the School, and when the master has retired to his house, the elder boys, i.e., those who have been admitted on the foundation in former years, enter the schoolroom, and having taken off their surplices, holding them by the skirt, the collar being farthest from them, form a circle, and being thus prepared, one of the younger boys, who has lately been admitted, is allowed, or ra ther compelled, to rush into the circle with his surplice on, which he is required to take off, and put into a bag suspended round his neck, whilst the boys of the circle are buffeting him with all their might. It frequently happens that when the poor little urchin has almost succeeded in bagging his surplice and only a corner remains out, one of his persecutors will seize the corner and pull a good part of the surplice out again, and the fresh boy has his difficult and painful task to go through again. When one boy has fin ished his work another is admitted . This buffeting has to be endured at six different times on the occasions of wearing the surplice and gown. At this School, as I have already said, the boys were permitted to learn, but were not taught, and as I was not very bright, and as it was more easy for the master to administer chastisement than to give instruction, I got a large share of the former, being sometimes flogged two or three times in a day, and perhaps also not allowed to go home to get my breakfast or dinner. And I think I have sometimes been kept in the School the whole day, from six or seven in the morning till six in the evening, and being locked up when the School hours were finished and remaining a prisoner till my mother wrote a note and sent my sister Mary to beg that I might be released ; I have no doubt she remembers the pleasure she felt when she could accompa ny the prisoner home. 16

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THE CANTUA RIAN

I say prisoner for the schoolroom windows were a ll barred with thick iron bars, so that it was more like a prison than a school; and had they no t been, though it was a n upper room, I think in my misery, l should have attempted to escape at t he ri sk of breaking my legs or bones. Such was the discipline, a nd such the freq uency of punishment admi nistered, that it is not to be wondered at that T became reckless and willi ng to do anything, however wrong, that would lessen my suffering. r therefore not infrequently p layed the truant, and that not merely for a portion of a day, o r for a whole day, but sometimes for a week, and at one time I thi nk I was a fortnight without going to School; my mother the whole time supposing that I was in regular attendance. L was driven by harsh treatment to this conduct, for I argued with m yself thus, "If [ go to school f a m certain of almost da ily punishment, and if I stay away for a time Lca n but be fl ogged when l return, and to be once punished is better than to be punished often." Then, when I returned to School agai n a lie was told to account for my absence. The ca use of absence stated was t hat I had been ill. And very probably my fear of being detected made me look pale. But though in these seasons of truant-playing I escaped pun ishment at School, [ was very miserable from the fear of detection, and I knew not where to go. Three times every day J had to wander abou t where I thought I was least li kely to be seen or met by a ny of my relat ives; for I had many in Canterbury who, if they should meet me anywhere in school ho urs would make such enqui ries as wo uld lead to my detectio n, and apart from my own relatives and connections, t he masters themselves might be abo ut in the town and meet me, for they were in the School but for a short time that the scho lars were. The constant d read o f meeting with someone who knew me and who might detect me, made my truant-playing b ut a small degree more tolerable than school discipline. 1 went to School at six in the mornin g in summer a nd at seven in winter, taking when dark a small tin candlestick, and a cand le in a tin tube in my pocket, for no lights were provided by the School, and at about 9 a .m . we were let out, if our lessons were done, an d went ho me to breakfast. By ha lf pas t nine we were requi red to be in school aga in, !'ill 12.0 when we went ho me to dinner and to School again at 1 p.m. If a Saint's day occurred in the week, we a ttended School befo re breakfast, and went to the Cathedral fro m the School a t JO o'clock a nd had a holiday in the afternoon. A nd not infrequently if there were no Saint's day in the week, we had a whole holiday o n Wednesday ; but this depended on the good humour or o therwise of the Headmaster. But this was not enjoyed by me as a holiday, for my mother required me to go to an English school; yet it was a great relief, for at that school I feared no p unishment. I cannot remember that 1 was ever punished at o ther than the King's School, except as r have stated , by a whipping from old Mrs. Davage when an infant, and once a box on the ear by Mr. C lark. And this a lmost absolute freedom from p unishment at other schools shows, 1 think, that the frequency of punishment 1 underwent at the King's School was more through the fault of the School or the masters than of myself. T hough T should have preferred a day's relaxation when there was a holiday at the King's School, to going to a n English school, I had no dread of going there, a nd it was a comparatively happy d ay, a nd wou ld have been quite a happy day were it not for t he continual sad feelin g hanging over me that on the mo rrow 1 must go to the hated School agai n. 17

THE CAN TUARIAN

Though whilst at the King's School I acquired a very small a mount of useful knowledge, just sufficient of the rudiments of Latin to enable me with a little study, when articled to Dr. Scudamore to pass the Latin exa mination at Apothecaries' Hall , I learn t and practised all manner of wickedness. There l learnt to swear. Before going there L feared an oath, and I do not remember that I used profane or improper language; but now I had entered a si nk of iniquity and soon learnt from the other boys to lie, and curse, and swear with the best, or rather the worst of them. And I became such an adept at profane language that 1 seemed to think a sentence without an oath attached to it incom plete; but yet I avoided this in the presence of my fa mily and relatives. Nor had l any principle of honesty in me, for although my mother was left with the care of, and had by her own unaided efforts to support, fo ur children, 1 did not scruple to rob her of pence when I had an opportunity of doing so. I entertained also at this time an aversion to those who were strictly religious, or at least to those who dissented from the Established Church, and 1 mocked and ridicu led Methodists, as l did all persons who made a profession of religion. 1 had plenty of chu rch-going; it was not however from choice but from necessity, and the formal services at the Cathed ral, and the mere moral preaching l heard there, were unattended with any good influence. 1 should have preferred playing or pleasure-taking on the Sabbath to Services, or to anything that was connected with real religion. But, as it may be supposed, I was not happy; no, very fa r from it, yea so miserable was I that I almost wished myself out of existence, and had it not been from a latent fear of the consequences (for I did not doubt a state of future retribution), I might have committed self-destruction ; but God's grace restrained me.

I am sure that my dear children will be su rprised to Jearn t hat their fathe r was ever such a wicked boy, and well they may be. And 1 do not know tha t 1 should have told them, but that they know how deeply he is indebted to the riches of Divine grace in bringing him out of such a state of sin a nd iniquity. They have seen in him a brand plucked from the burning, an example of Divine clemency, and of electing grace. T hat he was ever brought to true repentance, enabled to trust in the gracious Saviour, to renounce the ways of si n, and to walk in newness and holiness of life, was certainly through nothing that was good in him, th ro ugh nothing that deserved Divine favour, but through the sovereign grace of that God who hath mercy upon whom he will have mercy, who saves and calls with a holy calling, not according to our ll'orks, but according to his whole purpose and grace, which is given us in Christ Jesus before the world was. (II Timothy i, and see a lso Ephesians i, 4 to 7.) Often have I wondered why I was called, and brought out of the depths of iniqui ty, when so many of my sinful schoolfellows were left to go on in them. 1 never heard of any one of my schoolfellows as being truly converted to God, though I heard of one who died, before, or soon after I left home, of whom it was said that he repented before his death, but whether the person who stated the circumstance was a judge of true repentance I cannot say; and there may have been others; 1 trust there were many, brought to true repentance and saving faith, but I never heard of them. 18

THE CANTUA RJAN

Tn the height of my wickedness T retained the belief of retribution in another world, and l was at times the subject of fear and alarm, which inducecVme occasion1lly to pray, and to wish I had lived and could live differently; but there was no perma nency in these seasons of inward struggle, a nd yet I had so fa r a desire to get out of this horrible pit and the miry clay that I have some interesting remembrance of expressing a wish that when the monitors heard me swear they wo uld inform agai nst me and get me punished. Sin had become irksome, and though it was some yea rs after this before J was brought to a saving knowledge of the truth, I believe the God of all grace and mercy was beginning very gently to work on my heart. [ believe it was decided that l should leave School at the close of the year, 18 14.

EDUCATION No body can say that questions of ed ucation are not fully a nd keenly discussed . We talk long and earnestl y about the respective merits of public schools, grammar schools, secondary modern schools, and comprehensive schools : we a re wo rried about teachers' sa la ries: we wonder a bout the rela tionships between the school a nd the home: we are a nxious a bout the degree of illiteracy: we are not sure whether our presen t vast expenditure on education is worth it: we feel the importance of science to be great, yet are reluctant to abandon the a rts: and so on and so forth , ad infinitum. Yet almost all the questions we ask assume a set of val ues, a particula r atti tude, which it is my chlef purpose in this essay to questio n. I should like to add that I cannot tell to what extent the argument T propose to put forward is acceptable to schoolmasters here or elsewhere, though I imagine that many of them will hardly agree with it ; and they have behind them a distinguished and successful record as teachers to support their belief tha t the normally assumed set of values is indeed a sound one. I should be happy if this discussion we re continued by one of them in the next issue of The Cantuarian. Most discussions about ed ucation tend to be discussions about the acquisition of knowledge. Of course we do spend time on other matters: we make ou r children take physical exercise, maintain some sort of discipline in class, attempt to discourage cheating, lying a nd other immoral behaviour, and so forth . But this hard ly affects the main point. Our concern with examinations, the place different subjects should occupy in the curriculum, the academic standa rd s a ttained by children of various abilities, a nd the necessity of obtaining teachers of high intellectual ability, all suggest o ur pre-occupation with the intellects, or academic capa bilities, of ou r children. This in turn suggests that we thin k the acquisition of knowledge, or the development of academic capability, more importan t than a nything else; so at least it appears, since it is about this that we argue, a nd on this that we spend money. Yet even this is not the end of the matter. It is not tha t we seem to wan t our children met'ely to use their brains and a bsorb facts: we want them to use their brains in pa rticular ways and a bsorb particular facts. Certain subjects, in other words, are virtually ta ken for granted. lf a child wants to get into a uni versi ty, he must reach a high standard in several academic subjects, and specialise in at least one. Many university schola rships are offered for subjects like Latin and Greek, history, ma thematics, and scientific subjects. If a chi:d wa nts to get a good job, he has to be able to pass a number of such subjects at least at the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education. 19

THE CANTUAR I AN

This perpetual concern with 'subjects' is typical of ou r whole approach. Tn state education, those who win places at grammar schools 'have intelligence above the average': those who do not are 'below average', or 'backward'. The use of nearly all the adjectives and phrases we have wh ich apply to the human mind, and quite a few which apply to the human character, is restricted, when we ta lk about ed ucation, to performance and capability in academ ic subjects. Why do we have this attitude? lt is, I think, naive to suppose that we intend our children to retain th is factua l knowledge a nd these academic ca pabilities after they leave school. A few days ago l was gla ncing through the collected examina tion papers fo r the Ordinary Level (the lowest level) of the G.C.E. There are many subjects which one can take at "0" Level, and they range from Latin to need lewo rk. At the age of 151 had taken, and passed with distinctio n, nine of these subjects. Yet of these subjectsthe lowest possible level of ou r whole ed ucational system- 1 knew well that T sho uld now only have passed in Latin, Greek, and a paper called English Language. I would not have passed in history, since I have hard ly opened a history book since m y school days: not in French o r German, a lthough r am comparatively fluent in both languages, since l am too ignorant of the grammar and syntax of these languages to satisfy the highly academic style of the question papers: not in Elementary Mathematics even, for r have forgotten the formu lre and mnemonics with wh ich my brain was stuffed over ten years ago: not in Geography, for despite an intense interest in what I had always thought to be Geography, l found myself unable to answer questions about trade winds, Mercator's Projection, the amount of coal in Australia, and so on: not in English Literature, for though 1 am moderately well-read, I am not able to cope wi th Chaucer's dialect without some preparation, and Chaucer was the 'set book' for that year: not even, T regret to say, in Divinity, since l am unable to remember off-hand the details relating to the minor prophets of the Old Testament or the genealogy o f Our Lord. I hope that this wi ll not be taken as an unkind parody of o ur present exam ination system: it is no more than a simple statement of fact. But while despondently thumbing through these papers, 1 wondered whether anyone co uld seri ously ex pect boys less academica lly fortunate than myself to remember even half as much as I remembered. Often 1 have heard people say- sometimes great men in important positions- "Oh, yes, I did such-and-such subjects at school : can't remember anything about them at all now, though": and they end this remarkable statement with a careless la ugh, as if it were tbe most natu ral thing in the world. l feel sometimes like ask ing: "Then what was the point of your studying them?"; but I already know what the answer will be. "They train the mind, o ld chap: nothing like Latin for training the mind, you know", or even "Oh, it's the best thing in the world for a boy to have to get down to some hard work he doesn't like doing." Obviously there is a great deal of knowledge that the child does retain in after life: he knows (as a rule) how to read and write, how to add, subtract, d ivide and multiply, and perhaps a good deal more as well. It is difficult to spend a minimum of ten years at school and avoid picking up some knowledge that stays with one afterwards. But I do not think this straightforward point accounts for o ur pre-occupation with knowledge, since it is q uite pla in that very little of it actua lly does stick. Many child ren, of course, go on to jobs or professions where the knowledge they receive is practically employed: they become scientists, for instance, o r accou ntants. But even in this

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THE CANTUAR lAN

scientific age these are a minority. How do we account for the Latin grammar, the formulre for solving algebraic equations, the French proses, the dates of kings and Acts of Parliament, or the statistics for the rainfall of the Sahara? Now there is no statistical or scientifically-established evidence that those who study Latin grammar, translation and composition a re thereby enabled to develop their reasoning powers, or any other intellectual powers, more fully than those who study anything else: or even than those who do not study any 'subject' at all. It may be true that the most capable reasoners are those who have studied this subject and similar subjects: but of course this proves nothing, since it is very likely that they already had the capabilit)' for reasoning, and that this was not materially affected by their studies at a ll. r happen to have chosen Latin, because it is one of the commonest illustrations used by those who have this kind of prejudice. l can only say that the most searching psychological investigations have fai led to show that the study of any subject improves the general mental capabilities or intelligence of the student. Of course it improves his specific abil ity in that subject, but this is hardly to the purpose. Again, the subject may be a good test of his general ability; but this also is irrelevant. On the contrary: a ll available evidence tends to show that we can do very little-and nothing by a study of 'subjects'- to improve a child's natural intelligence, cleverness, or general ability. What we can do must be done by more fundamental methods. Lastly, it is of course important to see that the child does use his brain in some way: and this is no doubt a good argument for giving him something to study. But it is not a good argument for selecting certain studies as 'training the mind'. This does not mean that we have no reason to hold that some subjects are more important than others; but it does mean that their importance must be differently assessed. For example, I personally believe (though [ should not wish to call this anything more tha n a prejudice or a pious hope) that the study of language wi ll ass ist children in after life in important ways: they would learn, for instance, to adopt a civilized and critical attitude to language in general, to defend themselves against propaganda and mob oratory, to assess arguments for or agains t different political measures or moral standpoints, and so on. I even go so far as to believe that (for some child ren) the study of Latin may be the best way to develop this special ability. But it is a special abi lity, and its importance is not that of 'training the mind' in a vague or general sort of way: we are considering rather the value of being able to do certain things in after life- in this case, to approach problems which involve the use of words intelligently and, as it were, fully armed. In just the same way we could defend the teaching of scientific subjects, on the more straightforward g rounds that the child will need scientific ability in after life. ~ Even if it were true that our present pre-occupation with 'subjects' could be justified by saying that they 'train the mind', are we to suppose that the mind is all-important? Is it, for instance, more important than happiness? Than self-confidence and fearlessness? Than virtue? Than an ability to form satisfactory personal relationships? When we forget our prejudices about education, we generally talk as if we considered many other things more impo rtant than academic or intellectual abi li ty. Moreover, it .is sufficiently plain that there is not much connection between this ability and our other objectives. r doubt very much whether 'well-educated' people are happier, more moral, or more pleasant than people of low academic a bility. D o they make better friendships, o r 21

T H E C ANTUARIAN

mo re las ti ng marriages? D o they lose their tempers less often, and are they less liable to a nxiety, neurosis or mental ill-hea lth? Are they more likely to ach ieve salvation? If we ca n answer a ll these questio ns with confident a ffirmati ves, then I fea r that our attitude is too dee pl y ingra ined to be changeable. I feel confident, however, tha t most of us would at least feel qualms about it. The reason fo r o u r a ppa rent over-va luatio n of the intellect, 1 believe, is not that we really thin k it mo re impo rtant tha n other parts of the human perso nality. It is rather t hat we find it easier to dea l with. We can tes t how good a boy is at Lat in gra mma r : we ca nno t test, o r we ca nnot tes t so easily, how good he is at getting a lo ng with other boys, or how self-co nfident he is, or whether he is sufferi ng from an xiety. M o re importantly, we do no t feel so able to train the character; whereas we find it comparatively easy to drum kn owledge into a boy, we fi nd it comparatively difficult to teach him how to li ve a sat isfacto ry life. And this d ifficulty is a real o ne. Anyone can get up in front o f a class a nd at least attem pt to clarify the mysteries of irregular verbs an d Acts o f Parliament : but not everyone ca n train boys not to b ully other boys, not to steal, not to lie, to enjoy themselves, to keep reasonable ru les, to be happy, or to occupy themselves in some pro fita ble ma nner. Yet the position is, after all, no t as ho peless as we like to thin k. If we do not kn ow p recisely how to ensure that the cha racters and mental health of o ur children a re satisfactory, we d o at leas t know what sort of conditions we must have if we a re to ma ke a ny sort of serio us attempt in this directio n. The conditions a re not conditions o f the classro om. U ntil this basic point is grasped, l do no t see that educatio n ca n do a nything else but miss the main po int : for s urely the education of character is the main point. We do no t want talking dictiona ries or ca lculating machines: we want sa ne, happy, useful men a nd women. And although what we teach in the class-room is not irrelevant to this end, it is no t very relevant either : how we teach is more impo rtant. Even this, however, is only a beginning. In their lives after school, our child ren will be members of a community. They will have jobs, make friends, contract marriages, am use themselves in their spa re time. (f cannot resist saying here tha t they will emphatically no t, unless they are peculia r people like myself who have a taste fo r tha t sort of thing, read difficult Greek a utho rs in t he o riginal.) Their lives will co nsist o f these activities, howeve r much we may prefer to th ink o therwise. Most of their ha ppiness will depend on their persona l relat io nships and thei r mental health. Jt seems o nly common sense, therefo re, to suggest that our chief effort sho uld be towards providi ng our children with the conditions in which we can make some attempt to teach them how to form satisfacto ry relationships. This canno t be do ne unless, fi rst and fo remost, we make them members of a community which we can to some extent contro l. We must provide them with a communal background of o ur own ma king, in which they can learn how to o bey, how to co-o perate, how to g ive o rders, how to ma ke friends, how to sta nd on their own feet, and so on. No d o ubt the child's fa mily sho uld do this. But in the first place, it often fa ils to d o so : and in the second place, there co mes a time when the famil y is insufficient as a communal background. This is not a defect in the family as an institution: it was never intended that it sho uld act as the sole community in which children and ado lescents could develop. The defect is in o ur society, which provides no such background whereby the child can 22

.....

THE

CAN TUARTAN

ma ke the change-over from fam ily life to full , adult citizenship a nd membe rship of socie ty without maladjustmen t. Ma ny primitive societies, in which the age-groups are more sharply segrega ted, do much better for their children a nd adolescents in this res pect. We have failed utterly, despite our most valiant efforts, a nd having failed , we sit back and wonder why there are so ma ny unhappy ma rriages, why so many adolescen ts a nd young people a re unha ppy, why there is so much juvenile delinquency, and so on.

lt is wit h some misgivings that I suggest that few day schools a re capable of giving their children the sort of communa l life they require, unless the day schools as a whole were to change their type of education rad ically. For generally speaking, the school is not the community to which the child gives his allegiance. He does not li ve, ea t, sleep a nd play within his school community: for him the famil y, the street-corner ga ng, or some othe r organisation is still primary. The boarding schools have a better chance : a cha nce which I da re to say, many of them have ta ke n. Housemasters in a public boarding school know well that their job is not only to teach in class: it is to try a nd build the sort of community where the boys in their care will be happy, will make friends, wi ll not need to bully each other, a nd will do some thing useful with whatever abi lities they have. Even then (fo r few such schools are co-educational) they know tha t they cannot hope to exercise much influence over t heir present o r future rela tionships with girls : for gi rls a re not pan of the community, and consequently they ca nn o t c rea te any conditions for assisting them to build up these relationships satisfactoril y. They a re a lso awa re th at nearly all their boys come from one socia l class, a nd one income-group : an d they fear that they will experience tro uble in d ealing with other classes. The same, too, applies to thei r relationships with people of other races a nd religions. But at least it is a sta rt. What practical measures sho uld be taken? Much depends, of course, on how much we are prepared to spend on this a ttem pt : tho ugh one wo uld hope that in view of its importance money would not be grudged. We could make a beginning at least by cuttin g down the expenditure a nd effo rt which we now give to the 'subject' approach. For we a lready have methods of testing the a bilities of c hildren, me thods more etrective tha n ou r present examination system, w hich is dom ina ted by uni versity require ments. So far as a child 's suitability for this job o r th a t is conce rned, we are not in se rious difficulty: on the contra ry, our present system is highly misleading. There are ma ny chi ldren who had no a bility to pass academic examinations whatsoever, but who have been hi ghl y successful in doin g jobs for which exami natio n passes are supposed to be a necessa ry quali fication. What do we put in their place, then ? Provided my general point is accepted, I should be quite prepa red to let the experts decide: bull shou ld wan t them to be genuine experts, experts in what makes children ha ppy a nd useful people: not chief examiners, o r university dons, or academ ic officials. We could think, perha ps, of camps a nd co mmunal tou rs for the school community: of inc reased facilities for ga mes and o the r corporate activities: of the possibilities inhe rent in communal projects involving building, agriculture or creative work: of the necessity for co-educatio n. We could point out the iinpo rta nce of a genuine personal rela tionship between the teacher and the pupil, foste red by such obvious methods of encou ragement as games, parties, society mee tings, da nces and other forms of entertainment. We might even hope that all our schools should be in part boa rd ing schools, suita bly adjusted fo r the age a nd requireme nts of th e c hildre n co ncerned. We shou ld rightly lay stress o n the impo rtance of not attempting 23

THE CAN TU A RIAN

to mould our children into a pattern which they will not fit, or only fit at the cost of a deterioration in our ma in underta king. For most children, a jazz club would probably do more to foster important educational ends than a club devoted to the playing of Bach: this though I detest jazz and admire Bach passionately. I a m not suggesting that it is always wrong to make a child do what he does not want to do. That is a doctrinai re a nd unrealistic attitude, like the attitude that corporal punishment is always harmful. We shall get nowhere if we have preconceived opinions of that sort. All we can do is to develop a sensitivity to our children, and a strong love for them. Most loving and sensible mothers kn ow far better than so-called educational experts wha t the needs of child ren a re; it is perhaps a tragedy that, after a certain age, they a re no longer in a position to satisfy a ll those needs. Whatever we decide to do, I ask only that we take nothing for gra nted: that however we decide to educate our children, however we decide to use the precious hours durin g which they are under our care, we should have reason to believe that we are using those hours profitably, and educating them in the fullest and most important sense.

THE SPARROW From chaos, the da rkness of the unknown To the midst of a fiery revel, Wine that flowed in the banquet hall, A ti ny sparrow was unkindly blown. Weary, he blinked a bit, paused, looked around Amazed to see such merriment, Such warmth and cheer predominant, And just a little disconcerted, frowned. What were they doing, all those warrior lords ? Living but too incarnadine Their lips from night to night with wine, From day to day, with hostile blood, their swords. Lonely he took a sip of wine alone Unseen by all that company ; Then having stayed a moment he Looked round their glowi ng faces and was gone To that black void between the sky and sea Rules by an uncontrollable Array of forces which men call Some life, some death, and some eternity. He passed unnoticed by all save the bard Who found a feather from his wing And half in fun cried " let us sing Of one forgotten who has left a card". 24

THE CANTUAR IAN

APOLOGIES For not having returned a library book. l'm sorry, Sir, but1 was leaving it to dry out. Mr. H- - thinks I'm still making notes on it. you had better see my library fag. l've sold it. f thought it was the Headmaster's/ Boots'/ the Ca thedral Library's. 1 think that photograph has always been missing. T never read notice-boa rds. does it rea lly say that inside? I thought it was about linear B/sex/Thomas Aquinas. have you ever got to the end? P- - gave it to me as a leaving present last Eas ter. nobody has taken it out since November, 1926, anyway. this must mean hours of unnecessary extra work for you, Sir. funny you should have spotted it li ke that. T thought I'd left it in the Cath./ Vauxhall Lakes/San Maria. fines are a bit bourgeois, don't you think? For not being in bed by 10.30 p.m. I'm so rry, Sir, I was just off, butl' ve only just finished my essay/darning/tuba practice. the potatoes were in one of their awkward moods. Tfound this '08 in study No. 4. the dormitory likes a little peace. T never turn up to breakfast anyway. last spurt before the old scholars hip. how can we set an example when they are asleep? I can't find my pyjamas. I think he's already in bed. could you lend us a tin opener? I was hoping to listen to Gilbert MurrayfTannluiuserf Bill Haley at 11 .30. there's one now, Sir, behind the wainscoating. I was waiting for you to go to bed, Sir. if you lift the lino you can hear the junior dormitory. can you lend me a bicycle with lights? T'd better return Matron's gas ring/poker d ice/television first. m y bed is being re-assembled in the fives court. (With apologies to Marghanita Laski.)

THE C ANTUARIAN

A DERIVATION OF THE NORMAL ERROR CURVE Here is an article especially for mathematical readers. It is an attempt to give a simple outline of the method of derivation of Gauss' Norman Error CUJ:ve; this is a detail usually left out of P robability text-books. b The Normal Error Curve is a bell-shaped curve with total area I. The area

y.dx

a represents the probability, when under the effect of random errors, of a resul t falling in the interval (a, b) on the abscissa. x= O represents perfect accuracy. Let us consider a graph, where values of x divergent from 0 represent amounts of error, and the ordinate represents the probability of values of x, in units of P = ydx. Let there be k random errors in all, each of which distorts x by ! dx positive or negative. Now the probability of n of these k errors falling positive is given by p

k! n! (k- n)!

(I)

This is the general probability for n, out of k things which may assu me either of two values, to assume the same value ; it is given in standard text-books on proba bility. .I

The net error is given by x= n.t dx - (k- n)!dx. By re-arranging,

n=~ +~ dx 2

(2)

Now let us increase n by l, :. P by dP. Then by (1), P + dP=

: . P + dP =

P • dP

·· --p=

(3)

k! (n+ I)! (k- n- 1)!

k! . n! (k-n) ! k-n by (I), (3). (n+ I)! (k - n- 1)! k! n+ l

k - 2n- 1 n+ l

(4)

Substituting in (4) by (2) we have dP 2x - = k - -- k - 1 P dx

lx +~+ I

·d x

THE CANTUARIAN

or by re-arrangement and cancellation, 1 dP

- p. dx 2xdx+ (k+ 2)dx2 + 2x+ (k+ 2)dx

(5)

Since we want the effect of an infinite number of random errors, we let k->0. Then: (i) k + 2- >k (ii) 2xdx- >O (iii) kdx 2 must be finite, or the term in x will -> co. Let us then give it the value if 4~r 2 • (iv) kdx must therefore-> co; then so must (k+ 2)dx. 1 dP 4x - p. dx = 4~r2 Integrating both sides: - JI·dP= f! .dx p

.,.2

•

. • - log P= "2 - log C 2 where - log Cis the constant of integration. Inverting : P = Ce

x2 - 2"2

(6)

Since P= ydx, and is therefore infinitesimal, C must be infinitesimal; let us say C= Ddx, where D is finite. Then (6) becomes

x2 2 P= De- 2"

(7)

As the sum total probability must amount to 1, certainty, or, co

~ P= 1 -co

we must have

co -

2 2 e t " dx= l

(8)

- co

THE CANTtJAR1AN

Let us put 2 .,. 2 = z2 , xdx = 2u2zdz, dx = v2udz:

J - ;:

dx = D

- co

Joo

v2udz= Duv2(v7T)= Duvz7T

- co

:. Duv27T= 1, D =

, from (8)

uy27T

xz ...

P - ~ - 2.,.z

_ e

V 27T

As P = ydx,

x2 1

Y=--=-e

- 21T 2

tr\f2Tr

which is Gauss' Normal Error Curve. The curve is in the shape of a bell, rising to a height of

~ 0"

v27T

at x::=O, and touching

down to the x-axis on either side. Without calculation, here are a few properties : (i) There are points of inflexion at ±u. (ii) IT is the Standard Deviation, or Root Mean Square Deviation , a consta nt to be . deter.mined in any indiviqual applicatio_n of the form_ula. (iii) The area between x= ± .67449u is t, so .674491T is known as the Probable Error.

.. I

For use see further:

Introduction to Statistical M ethod. B. C. Brookes and W. F. L. Dick. pp. 11 5 sqq. Facts from Figures. M. J. Moroney. pp. 108 sqq. W.A.H .

PROPOSITIONS A proposition- in the sense in which I use it here-is another name for the simplest form of sentence ; saying one thing about another thing. A large part of o ur life is taken up by the saying and hearing of them, and a large area of our brains is concerned with the making, saying, hearing and understanding of them. They have concerned philosophers afld lo~icians for ages; and I want now to discuss some of the conc) usi ons these people have reached abou.t them. · 28

....

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T H E STR UCTURE OF PROPOSIT IONS T he first tho rough analysis of the fo rm of propositions was undertaken by A ristotle. His account had been the standa rd one right up to the last century. This standard account divides a Proposition into three main pa rts: a Subject, a Copula, and a P redicate. The Subject is the thing talked about; the Copula is the verb 'is' or ' is not' or 'are' o r 'are not'; and the Predicate is what is said about the subject after. Take a sentence at random : "Greek is the language spoken by the ancient Hellenes in Greece proper, and the va rious G reek colonies in Asia Minor, Magna G raecia, Africa, a nd elsewhere." He re we have: Su bject- 'G reece'; Copula- ' is'; Predicate-'the lan guage spoken by .. .'. Jt may be objected that not all simple sentences have 'is' or any part of the verb 'to be' as their verb: "God said, Let there be light." Yes, but that sentence could equally well be put thus: "God is a person or th ing having said Let there be light." Any proposition is convertible into one having a part of the verb 'to be' as verb, or Copula; and it is in this form that logicians like to consider propositions. The founders of Basic English found it practicable to have only about ten verbs, and to convert all other verbs into forms using only these. There is one further necessa ry pa rt of a proposition. The Su bject a nd P redicate must first be qualified by a quant ifier, to say whether we are ta lking about the whole subject or predicate, or only of at least a part of it. Take the sentence: " Some people a re illiterate." We are here talking about only some 'people' (that may mean all, and it may mean only one); and we a re ta lking about only some 'illiterate' people or things. In sense the predicate is a lways quantified by 'some'. But the subject can be D istributed (where we talk of the whole thi ng), o r Und istribu ted (where we talk of some of it). Some people d istinguish from these: Ind ivid ual, where we ta lk of o nl y one person or thing, by na me; a nd I ndefinite q uantification, where we ta lk of a class in the singul a r (take "Man is mo rtal" as a n exa mple). Bu t t hese are reall y only special examples of a D istri buted subject. Calling the subject S and the P redicate P, a distinction is made between: A: A ll S is P E: No S is P, or All S is not P I : SomeS is P 0: SomeS is not P It is also taken for granted that some of S exists. T h e central classical form of a rgument, the Syllogism, is a combi nation of two propositions, from which a third is deduced: A ll men are mortal Socrates is a man Socrates is morta l T he re are eighteen o ther valid forms of Syllogism, and if my a rithmetic is correct there a re two hund red a nd thirty-seven inva lid for ms of it.

Iii;

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The change in treatment started to come when people started to consider the Subject and Predicate as classes, and the Copula as the relation ''Âˇ This relation, when used as in SeP , means that the class S is included in the class P. Represent S a nd P by circles. Then in A, circle S will be entirely inside circle P . In E, the two circles wi ll be completely outside one another. In T, part of circl e S will be inside circle P . Tn 0 , part of circle S will be outside circle P. In 1847, G eorge Boole, an English ma thematician, evolved a mathematics of propositions, in a book The Mathematical Analysis of Logic. Tt was based on the considering of subjects and predicates as classes, denotes by algebraical sym bo ls. This was the foundation, not o nl y of a n efficient method of sorting out circui ts in electronic brains, but also of a series of Calculi by which all logical fo rms of argument can be analysed. There are (a) a set of rul es in symbolic form for the inter nal o rdering of propositio ns and for the establishing of logical relations between them, and (b) a Propositional Calculus, which treats propositions as wholes, and examines the relations between them, such as implication of one by another, and th e joint truth of two or more propositions. Space and the editors unfortunately forbid me to give examples of the way this 'Symbolic Logic' works. THE MEANING OF PROJ;>OSITIONS The early investigators of Propositions hard ly considered the meanings of them, except in considering the form in the way I have just shown. Vague attempts to divide up Propositions by their significances were made by Leibniz, but this was only a tentat ive effort. The basic distinction which was made was between empirical and other propositions. And so Kant's analysis of judgements came into the world in 1781. He treated them thus: We first distinguish between a priori and a posteriori judgements. A posteiÂˇiori judgements are those which a re based on ex perience of the senses, a ll others a re a priori. The proposition "A ll swa ns a re white" is then a posteriori, and the propositi on "A triangle is a figu re with three sides" is a priori. Now we distinguish between analytic and synthetic judgements. Analytic propositio ns are those where the predicate is a lready part of the defi nition of the subject, or otherwise they a re propositions whose denial is self-contradictory. Synthetic propositions are those where the predicate tells us something a bout the subject which might no t have been so. Thus "All swans are white" is synthetic, and "A triangle is a figure with three sides" is analytic. Then we have fou r kinds of propositio n: (a) A priori analytic, (b) A posteriori analytic, (c) A priori synthetic, (d) A posteriori synthetic. (a) This group is the set of propositions which are ' tautologous'; that is to say, they only say the same thin g twice. "A tria ngle is a figure with three sides" is tautologo us, because a triangle a lready means a figure with three sides, A priori a nalytic propositions can tell u s nothing about the world around us, nor can they tell us tha t anything exists. They include all definitions. (b) There are no A posteriori analytic propositions, because if a proposition is derived from the experience of the senses, it cannot be tautologous. This group then does not exist. 30

'f' H E C ANTUARIAN

(d) A posteriori synthetic propositions are all empirical statements. They tell us everything we know a bout the world arou nd us. They constitute by far the largest group of statements. (c) A priori synthetic propositions a re those which are not derived either by the ex perience of the senses, or by logical a nalysis or definition. Kant thought that all mathematics belonged to tllis gro up, since, he thought, there is nothing in the nature of 2 and 3 that includes 5, so that 2+ 3= 5. However, it has now been proved that mathema tics is all derivable from a short set of definitions, and is a pl'iori analytic. The propositions which still belong to this group are metaphysical judgements, such as "God exists." No empirical proof has yet been put forward for the existence or nonexistence of God. Nor has it validly been proved logically that he does or does not exist. Also such propositions as "Every change has a cause" belong to this group, for the same reasons. H ow can we ma ke a priori syn thetic judgements? We appear to have no methods of llnding them out. Since they are synthetic, we cannot find them by reasoning. As they are a priori, they are not proved by experience either. Kant's a nswer is by no means satisfactory. The British philosophers have been very sceptical about th is kind of proposition ever since Hume. Then Ludwig Wittgenstein, a pupil of Bertrand Russell, hit upon an easy answer : they have no meaning. It's no use speculating about whether God exists, because it doesn't mean anything to say that he does or does not, any more than it makes sense to ask whether loudness is blue or whether swans are contradictory. This is all very well, but where does this verdict come from? It appears to be a synthetic a priori judgement in itself. The upholders of this doctrine are called Logical Positivists. It eventually appears that some a priori synthetic judgements are necessary for us to thin k or act at all. I am at the moment making the a priori synthetic assumption that the readers of this article are not just robots or machines who don't understand a word of what lam writing, although strictly speaking I have no proof of this. Differe nt ages have made different a priori synthetic judgements in order to get on at all. We ca n look over history and pick out such judgements and follow their progress in different civilisations. One more point on the meaning of propositions: how is the meaning of a proposition different from that of any other form of words? How is "Caesar died" in any way different from " the death of Caesar"? Because it includes the past tense? Very well, then, we can say "the death of Caesar in past time". Because it implies the truth of Caesar's dea th? Then we can say "the truth of the death of Caesar in past time". And fo r any difference in sense you may care to name, we can add another section to this form of words; but we shall never make it equivalent to "Caesar died" unless we add a verb. Propositions are generically different from other forms of speech. One may also note that the meaning of the proposition " Caesar died" is unaltered by saying " It is true that Caesar died" or even " It is true that it is true that Caesar died .. " A proposition implies its own truth. So on the one hand, study of propositions has led to the development of Calculi to put reasoning on a sounder basis; on the other, it has brought us to consider in a new light, through the study of metaphysical judgements, some of the basic facts of our religion. W.A.H. 31

THE CANTUARIAN

UNANIMISM AT WORK IN CANTERBURY or THE KING'S SCHOOL SOUL There is a French wri ter called Ju les Romains who, subscribing perhaps to the French passion for literary groups, schools, and movements, has invented an -ism all to himself. This does not mean that his novels and plays are unreadable; indeed, most of them can be enjoyed without much reference to the high-sounding title which they flau nt. Knock, for instance, one of his plays, shares with those of Moliere the distinction of appearing about once in every five year cycle in the French Speech at the average school if they have one. The slogan selected by Romains for his particular line in literature is " Unanimism". By this he means, to put it simply, that in his books he seeks to show the wo rkings of the single composite Soul- the gro up soul, if yo u like-which can be discerned in every human community: a town, a hospital wa rd, a congregation, a theatre audience, a cinema queue, a school. This perhaps is not a strikingly original perception. We all know that va rious groups of people tend to have a kind of combined Personality; that audiences, for instance, vary from night to night, one bellowing with laughter at lines which, in rehearsal, no one had ever dreamed were funny, while the next greets in frigid silence words which have set generation after generation rocking in their seats. Nevertheless, in the hands of a good writer like Romains the theme has tremendous possibilities, and it is of course a very modern theme- Knock is a delightful comic treatment of the dangers of mass psychology which Hi.tler a nd Stalin were to fashion into such a sin ister technique. However, without regard to the question of its originality, the fact is tha t after reading a book or two of his, one tends to go about applying the technique to the people and places of everyday life, a process which, if not taken too seriously, can be amusing. Apply it, for instance, to the School. Is it the same Soul which reigns at Prayers every morning, or do a succession of different souls relieve one another from morning to morning? More likely, the former is the case; but he, like the individuals who go to make him up, has his off-da ys, when it is raining or when the hymns are dull and the lesson inaudible. Is this the same soul that follows us into Cathedral, or do they hand over to one a nother ha lf-way up the Dean's Steps? What is their relationship to the one who, on Saturdays, goes wa lking down to Birley's in his straw hat and striped trousers; and as for him, is he merely uninterested in Club matches, or is it that he sends a less enthusiastic subordinate to represent him on those days? Romains is particula rly interested in the souls of his buildings. How would you characterize the Field classrooms? Is he on good terms with the Dining Hall, and does the Library Classroom which is so very high-powered condescend to address the 'P's as he sweeps by in the glory of a purple gown? The 'J's must be depressed these daysnot least because they are overawed by that new giant which is going to lo rd it over them all, though its features are as yet ungainly, like those of a boy who has outgrown his strength, his trousers too short for him, and needing a hair-cut. 32

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Undoubted ly there must be a hierarchy among the souls, and some encorporeal 'monitoria l body', if the terms are not contradictory. The Spirits of the Houses must meet togeth er to decide overall policy ; or do they tend to work by subterranean methods, lobbyi ng one a nother for thei r own little schemes and private en thusiasms? Such q uestions constantly present themselves once the mind has sta rted on this track. What of the Masters' Common Room? He is a twin so ul, half dusty and report-strewn, ha lf sp lendid and Georgian. Does this soul revel in or dread the appa rent chaos which besieges him every other Saturday in term-time? Does he look fo rwa rd to the rare but memorable Bacchanalia of a Guest Night, or to the empty sunlit peace of August- yes, and where does he go in the holidays? Specula tio n pe rhaps is useless, for the essence of these Beings is their el usiveness; bu t it has served to fill my mind fo r the space o f this exami na tio n period, a nd whichever of them has been presiding at th is tiresome and ex ha usting func tio n must have slipped out a nd ro un d the corner fo r a drink. I NVIGILATOR.

BOOK REVIEWS

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The Heart has its Reasons: Memoirs by the Duchess of Windsor. (Michael Joseph, 381 pp., 30/-) lt is not easy to see why this book needed to be written. It is expensive, though profusely illustrated, even if a number of the pictures have already appeared elsewhere. With the probable help of some profeisional writer the authoress has produced a kind of autobiography, not of absorbing interest to most people, though possibly revealing to the carefu l reader more than was intended: for, of course, what the reader will try to discover is her portrait. He can. There is a great deal o f information, if you want to know about the parents, relations, the childhood and adolescence of Miss Bessie Wallis Warfield, later Mrs. Ea rl Winfield Spencer, later Mrs. Ernest Simpson, and since then the titular Duchess of Windsor. But it is a dull book and easily put down, though crowded with folk of well-known names and fam iliarly referred to; but the lady is ever at the centre, and the impression that may be gained is that here was a woman who would go for whatever she wanted, no matter who was hurt. Her first marriage, at age 20, lasted from 1916 to 1927, though the couple spent little of that time together, for the husband was in the U.S. Navy and for long periods was absent on duty. Mrs. Spencer became Mrs. Simpson in 1928, and by 193 1 had established friend ly relations wit h the then Prince o f Wales, whom she married in 1937. To th is reviewer it is Mr. Simpson who stirs up sympathy. It docs seem as if the anguish of parting with him was felt less than the loss of her dog Skipper (p. 298). He might well write (p. 282): " I have felt somewhat stunned and slightly sick over recent events": and on that page the writer credits her fo rmer husband with "t he gentleness I knew so well". But having made up her mind to get a divorce from him-"a difficult and painful decision"- shc candidly admits she put him out of her mind. "I refused to look backward. I had little time for regret." (p. 226). But s he had given him an excellent character on page 148-as different from Husband No. I as day from night- no trace of a skyla rker- regular in habits, temperament steady and dependable as the trade winds- worked hard-disliked staying out late at night- up at 7.30 a.m., off to the City at 9 o'clock-seldom back before 7 p.m. But by page 222 "It was now made unmistakably clear to me that he had found a new emotional centre for his life. There was another woman". It may well have been so: for the book frankly reveals him as odd-man-out for a good while. Thus she writes (p. 208): "Each day drew me more intimately into his (i.e. the Prince's) life. Our dinners alone together were more frequent. Hardly a day passed without his telephoning ...... " She says she thought Mr. Simpson's interest in the Prince had been keeping pace with hers, but she began to sense a change. I lis work began to make more demands on his time at night; often he would not come home to dinner; He appeared less a nd less interested in what she had to say about the Prince and his interests. To the attentive reader the husband seems to have behaved with unusual restraint and generosity, until the final moment when the lady, faced with the alternative of a business trip with him to New York or ski-ing in Austria with the Prince, chose the latter- "of course, I wouldn't dream of missing it". And she really seems in her narrat ive still surprised, as she concludes that chapter, "With that he went to his room, and fo r the first time l heard his door bang". Maybe he shou ld have banged it before. 33

THE CANT UARIAN Three pages later she adm its s he was troubled at his change, "but my concern was no more than a tiny cloud in the g rowing radiance that the Prince's favour cast over my life. I became aware .... of new doors opening". (p. 211). "The Heart has its reasons"; so Pascal wrote, and the Duchess may know her Pascal. lie wrote this phrase at least twice in his Article XV II - "Various thoughts o n Religion"- and he goes on, "which Reason does not know": the o pposition of the intuitive facu lty to the calm, logical and calculating facu lty. Maybe she should have taken the whole quotation for the title of the book; a nyway it is palpable that Ia Raison was not inoperative. F.J.S. Language and the Pursuit ofTmth. By John Wi lson. (Cambridge University Press, 8/6.) We must congratulate Mr. Wi lson on having found time, in the midst of his work as classics master and H ousemaster of Walpole H ouse, to write this admirable book. It is an attempt "to do som cthing new: to present semantics, which is the study o f linguistic communication, to the genera l public". It has clear signs of fitting well into the line of British philosophy, and yet it is lucid and comprehensible to anybody with a little sense. The book is in three chapters, on Words, Statements, and Truth. Words are divided into four groups, accord ing to their function: Descriptive words, Evaluative words, " Pointer" words, and Interjcctions. Mr. Wilson makes his meaning clear here, as elsewhere in the book, by the continual usc of examples. He does well to point out that most words are a mixture o f evaluative and descriptive: th us "intelligent", which he quotes as a descriptive word, is in fact generally used with a sense of approval, and is therefore a lso evaluative; while "good", given as an evaluative word, can also be used simply to describe things as partaking of a set o f o bjective a ttributes. Mr. Wilson goes o n to analyse Statements: Imperatives and Attitude-statements, Empirical, Analytic, Value a nd Metaphysical statements. But he comes to this only after he has dealt with (a) the dif'l'erence between poetic and prose communication (it has been complained that this section shoi\S a rather restrictive outlook on the poetic potentialit ies o f language); and (b) Verification, demonstrating that this is an importa nt guide to the meaning of a statement. The importance of Verification, though possibly over-emphasised by British phi losophers, who are basically empiricists, has been neglected by many foreign ones. Mr. Wilson finally comes to the question of Truth. He makes no attempt, and rightly so, to say explicitly what is meant by truth, but he gives three important condit ions which must be fulfi lled before we can be justified in saying that a statement is true. We must (i) know what the statement means, (ii) know the right way to verify it, (i ii) have good evidence for believing it. T ruth docs not apply to Imperatives and Attitude statements. The three conditions a re easi ly fulfilled in the case of Empirical and Analytic statements. But Val ue a nd Metaphysical statements are more difficult. Not many years ago some leading British philosophers would have said that truth had no application to them, as the former were really disguised attitude statements a nd the la tter were meaningless. Mr. Wilson has more sense. He hopes that as science {chieny in the form o f Psychology, Anthropology and History) progresses, Value statements will become empirically verifiable; then ethical arguments will fina lly be settled. Then he hopes-and here he is bold- that Metaphysical statements also, by an advanced scientific study of religious experiences, will be absorbed into o ther classes of statement and thereby wi ll be verified, though some "will remain metaphysical (and hence useless)". Now he must, if he is consistent, recognise that it is possible that such metaphysical statements as "God exists" may be found to be unverifiable in this life, and so, according to him, may become useless. Mr. Wilson also says below: " It cannot now be said with certainty of any metaphysical statement that it is true or fa lse: it cannot even be said that it is meaningful ... ". But common sense says that such a metaphysical statement as "God exists" is by no means useless, and certainly meaningful. So Mr. Wilson is apparently making assertions which are contrary to common sense. To do this, he should be prepared to put forward complete arguments to justify himself, particularly since th is is a book intended for the general public, who in these matters have to rely almost entirely o n thei r common sense. Unfortunately Mr. Wilson ends with conclusio ns which are more political than semantic. The basis for his conclusions is not clear, ror he ca nnot have reached them simply by empirical knowledge and analytical treatment ; possibly he has used some Utilita rian principle. Whatever it is, it must surely belong to the class of synthetic a priori judgements, which he has already rejected u nder different names as either prejudiced or nonsensical. 34

THE CANTV ARJAN It must be said on behalf of Mr. Wilson that he has, all through the book, emphatically criticised prejudiced views and fault y use of language. On Words, he speaks strongly about Magic and Ambiguity; and in the chapter on Truth he has devoted a whole sectio n to the study of Prejudice. All through this book there is the clarity a nd decision we have noticed in Mr. Wilson's past contributions to The Ctmtuarian. We must thank him for his book, and hope he will write some more. W.A.H. New Lines:

a11

Anthology. Edited by Robert Conquest. (Macmillan, 1956)

The aim of this collection is to bring together several poets who began writing in the late nineteenf'ort ies and who have neared the peak of their form in the fi rst yea rs of this decade. Despite the notorious d ifficu lty after the intense systematisation of poetry in the thirties of finding a pattern in post-war work, Mr. Conquest has succeeded in fi nding something. The problem of language, he says, and the intellectualisation of emotion are the two most characteristic marks of this new verse, but there arc no systems, and " real" as opposed to ideological honesty alone impels the poets of the period. With sufficient frankness Mr. Conquest also boils these three tenets down to something even thinner and more vague. "What (these poets) have in common", he writes, " is little more than a negative determination to avoid bad principles". If this were the only appraisal of today's poetry he would find only hearty agreement in his readers but the search for a positive pattern would seem to confuse both the critique and the selection of verse which is here presented. An analysis of the significance of poetry is, in the same way as any search fo r "movements", a dangerous confusion of the poet's achievement with what used to be known as his "task". The Marx ist conception of art as an indicator of the health of society is now seen to rne nugatory. A poet writes because of his own necessity and not, unless he is writing doggerel, through dictation from anywhere outside himself. Thus, he responds to an internal stimulus and not to a taskmaster. If this is so (and it is admittedly a rguable by non-poets) then a hypothesis can be put forward that what gives newness and importance to a poet's work is the manner in which he copes with the language and ideas of the society in which he writes at the time when he takes over. He has, in the words of Mathiessen, to work in a way which will produce what is essentially a "disturbance of conventional language". To say that each generation of poets is dift'erent and that the difference is more a question of language than of ideas is about as far as we can go, then, in finding any pattern. If this is so, the larger of Mr. Conquest's generalisation will go unquestioned. But what of the new honesty, the new intellectualism, and the newly "empiricist" use of language which he considers to be so characteristic? The im portance of the answer will depend less on whether they are clearly discernible in the new poetry than on what these characteristics mean to a pract ising poet and, more important still, on what stimuli can be thought of as having evoked these responses. The Christian-name poets of the pre-war years could not but leave their mark. Their battle cries were clinicism, integrity and realism, all three of which qualities tally suspiciously closely with Mr. Conq uest's new-found trinity, Can it be that old labels a re being used for something different? Presumably yes, in the case of the honesty of the new poets, in that it does not now mean sticking faithfully to one set of criteria (politica l, sociological, psychological) so much as seeing, and presenting, each experience for what it means to the poet, and to no one else. Two writers represented in this collection show this very clearly, Kingsley Amis, in "Masters", and D onald Davie in "Limited Achievement". But their writing, although honest is too painfully so aod the spontaneity of candour is only gained at the expense of everything that is compelling in a poem. What of the new intellectualism? There must be something in this for few, with the exception of Miss Elizabeth Jennings, of our present writers seem capable of capturing the spirit of anything more sensual than that of a cocoa-chat on Spinoza. Again, although each writer here is capable of communicating what one feels to be the mental agony of each situation as it comes, nevertheless, whereas Muir in "The Labyrinth" or Graves in "Alice" go beyond mere ratiocination into a refined interplay of mind a nd sense, the newer writers stop short when they reach the mesh of language, and the mea nings of words fascinate them, not in the Empsonian manner (and here one would quarrel with Mr. Conquest) of going through, and through yet further, to an unforgettably illustrative image or phrase, but in the manner of the paid empiricist who finds progressively less meaning in a word as he tests further and further for the "significant" or the "lowest common" context. In fact the new intellectualism, with the new empiricism, seems to bring little that is fresh into this poetry. And can Mr. Conquest accuse Empson and his followers of aridity when there exist such poems as "Letter V" or "Doctrinal Point", with their supremely demanding concentration on the j uxtaposit io n of thought and word, compressed, cont racted, and re-compressed until even a Tacitean brevity would, in comparison, seem flashy ? 35

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......

But what of the poems themselves? Mr. Conquest says that they try to avoid bad principles. If he refers to content then D . J . Enright's: " The peasants have salvaged their cabbages; the block Of fl ats is nearly as ready as its tenants ... " is too grimly reminiscent o f the "pylon" days of early Auden. Again, Mr. Conquest's own " The emblems arc too crude. The poetry sees A giant static set piece where ... " certainly introduces a new directness to the argument, but can s uch explicit writing ever contribute to the transparent mystery which seems to be the mark (and what other test is there?) of all abiding poetry? l s precision, after all, enough when the poetry is left out? Or " The word o n the objective breath must be A wind to winnow the emotive out" -can this mean anything other than what it says so baldly? Except perhaps for the mystery of the right meaning to give to "emotive"? Poetry must be able to appeal to more than one sense if it is to be written at all and although this would appear to be a merely logical truism it nevertheless seems, from the studied ugliness o f some o f the writing which Mr. Conquest has collected, that Brcchtian a lienation is the preferable principle. The same applies to the form of the poems. The right choice of words seems to matter less than that the flat rea lism of drab conversation should be accurately reproduced. Hence: " Yes, true; but in the end, surely, we must cry Not only at exclusion, but because lt leaves us free to cry". Poetry? Or good verse? Despite the faults and the confusion both of aims and analysis in this book it contains much that is rewarding. John Wain and Kingsley Amis are capable ol being Empsonian to just the right degree, particularly in "The Voice of Authority" and in " Who Speaks My Language". Elizabeth Jennings's "Not in the Guide Books" reminds one of the pleasure of early Spender on Spain. Thom Gunn, in " Autumn Chapter of a Novel", evokes a Palinurus-like melancholy more effectively because more economically. John Holloway, possibly the most complete and accomplished of the writers here, is unfortunately represented by his best only in "The Minute" and "Journey Through the Night". And for the rest of the authors one can only be sorry that bogus talk of the relevance of scientific method to the study of language a nd of meaning has given rise to so much reference to negative feed-back and the second law of thermo-dynamics . But ho nest all these poets certainly arc and, while something is on its way, it is good to see the mistakes as well as the perfection. J.G.O.

A Swarm in May. By William Mayne. (Oxford University Press, 10/6) Choristers' Cake. By William Mayne. (Oxford University Press, 10/6) If you are wondering what Christmas present to give to a friend who knows and loves the Precincts, these two books should g ive a great deal of pleasure. The dust-jacket of A Swarm in May says that the book is suitable for the age group 9 to 12, and The Times Literary Supplement praised Choristers' Cake in its section o n child ren's books; but to this reviewer they seem much more suitable for adults than for children who, unless they know choir-schools, will miss the flavour which makes these two stories so enchanting. The illustrations by Walter Hodges make it clear that the choir school in question is our own ; and the evocative drawings of the Precincts are not the least of the books' delight. We at this School have the additional fun of identifying many of the characters in the stories, not only by thinly disguised drawings of them but also by the characteristic things they say and do. Only Dr. Sutherland, the cathedral organist, seems imported from some o ther cathedral; and yet how well he, too, would fit into the Canterbury Precincts! But it is the boys who arc the makings o f these books. Mr. Mayne understands them so well, in their friendships and their feuds, in their relations with adults and in their attitude to the music they sing. The two books arc simi la r in theme: in each a sma ll boy tries to wriggle out of playing ns fu ll a part in the choir as he should: John Owen docs not want to present the traditional cand le to the Bishop on the Sunday after Ascension Day because that would involve singing an Introit solo; and Peter Sandwell does not want to be a chorister at all. ln the end, of course, both do what they should. 1 fo und their spiritual Odyssee, if one can call it that, really absorbing and the climax in each book truly moving.

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John Owen and Peter Sandwell are real cha racters, conceived in the round; and so is Trevithic, the head chorister. Some people might think tha t no sma ll boy could show so much common sense, could so unfailingly do the right thing (without in any way being a little prig) in his relat ions with o ther boys and with adults, and could know so much about music as Trevithic docs; but having known some choristers and ex-choristers and seen them in action, I don't believe the portrait is unduly exaggerated. I can think of few more civilizing influences on a small boy than the life and training of a chorister, in which good manners are essential, the slip-shod just won't do, and in which he cannot help absorbing a good deal of beauty and of the Christ ian spirit of service- service to his God, his Cathed ral, and his fellow men. It is no t an easy life, but it must be an enounously rich and rewarding one. R .K.B.

ROYAL MAIL Writing a poem is sending a letter Whether it be circula r, telegram or bill ; Anonymous, private or better still An acceptable invitation. Even The humbug of bread-a nd-butter I f contrived with Proustian skill, Gives yesterday's dinne r a novelty That yesterd ay did not fulfil. 1 write to yo u dea r lovers Hoping yo u' ll not refuse To read betwee n these lines My wonder a t you r News. For th is officia l envelope Which rhyme and metre close, Ts also highly suspicious And treats the new as pose. But cut the dotted line, Unfold my words And as each kiss bestows Your Imprimatu r Shape their c rude divining Till a second hea t is forged . Then c huck away the anvil While the Muse in a nguish roars And the small voice murmurs still That T oday is o nly yours.

M.J.R. 37

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MAURICE EISENBERG WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER IOTII Maurice Eisenberg paved the way for the term's series of concerts with a very interesting programme. This is the second time that the American 'cellist has performed in the ChaJ)ter House wi th his accompanist Bruno Raikin and they were warmly received. The programme opened with an Adagio and A llegro by Boccherini and continued with five movements from Bach's Thi rd (C major) Suite for Unaccompanied 'Cello. l n th is work llis performa nce lacked spontaneity, and, although his intonation was generally good, he did not produce a sonorous tone. The hi ghlight of the evening was Schubert's beautiful Arpeggione Sonata. The arpeggione was a six stringed instrument invented in 1823, a cross between a 'cello a nd a guita r. The sonata, arranged for 'cello and p iano, is in t hree movements, and the tone was considerably better in th is work, one of the most exacting in the 'cello repertoire. Mr. Eisenberg overcame the technical difficulties high in the treble clef with ease, and in several instances transposed it up an octave. His intonation was not always perfect, but then only the greatest of 'cellists can overcome this defect. After a short break the recital continued with an Intermezzo by Granados, Tonadilla by Bias de Joserna and a March by Prokoviev. It was appropriate that in this centenary year of Schumann's death the last item was his Adagio and Allegro for 'Cello and Piano, an interesting piece which is only rarely performed. In tllis Eisenberg and Raikin showed what great partners they are, and, apart from a memory slip in the 'cello part, this was a fine note on which to end. The School gave them a splendid ovation, and in return they played a short piece by Turina. For a second encore Eisenberg amused the audience greatly with his own composition, Pizzicato Blues, and, determined not to end up on a 'ridiculous' note (as he put it), the recital concluded with a 'sublime' piece by Gabriel Faure.

R.F.L.

MR. DAVID WEBSTER SUNDAY, OCTOBER 14TH

1t was a great relief not only to ba llet lovers but to all remotely interested in the arts when, after long and tortuous negotiations the Bolshoi Ballet finally opened at the Royal Opera House, Covent Gardens. Their enormous success in this country, though marred by political misunderstandings, was a triumph for the management of Covent Gardens, and we are therefore most sensible to the kindness that Mr. Webster showed in finding time to come to Canterbury to talk to us. He has shown himself a friend to the School on previous occasions and though he declared himself appalled by the numbers of his audience and the size of the building his talk was a delight to all those who remained conscious after his earnest prefatory invitation to slumber. Mr. Webster's talk was not a lecture on one set subject, it was more in the nature of a series of personal reflections on matters connected with opera and music. He told us of his first fascination for something considered ' not quite proper', memories of first hearing The Ring in its entirety, the d ifficulties of inspiring the English with the love of opera and reverence for the nationa l opera house which is felt, for example, in Germany. We were in terested to hear his reaso ned d efence of foreign opera sung in 38

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English and amused at his shame-faced confession that he had once perpetrated that horror of all horrors- the mixed language opera. All these recollections were lavished with advice: for instance, never to starve a conductor of strings and a lways to remember that Ltalian singers are not keen to move out of Italy. Mr. Webster answered a bevy of varied questions with thought and admi rable succinctness. We are indeed grateful that he did decide to spare a night away from the Bolshoi. O.R.F .D.

RECITAL SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21sT lt was a great pleasure to welcome back Miles Basler, o.K.s., who was giving his first recital to the School since he left two yea rs ago. Sharing this recital with him at the piano was Dr. Knight, who, as it turned out, played alone for at least three-quarters of the time. As a j oint recital, therefore, it was unbalanced, but this in no way detracted from the great enjoyment which the large audience derived from it. Beethoven's Waldstein Sonata, which opened the programme, suffered at first from rather muffled tone ; perhaps too much use was made of the sustaining pedal, especially in the loud passages. The last movement, however, was superb, both in interpretation and execution. The beautiful 'cantabile' phrases were wonderfully played, and held the audience spellbound. Even the antics of a stray pigeon, flying up and down the Chapter House, could not distract our attention for long. Miles Baster played Handel's D major violin Sonata with intensity, but in the writer's opinion the two Allegro movements were taken so fast that their musical eiTect was lost; the vigorous rhythms of Handel's quick m ovements lose nothing by steadiness of tempo and gain little by pure virtuosity. In Liszt's Sonata in B minor Dr. Knight excelled himself. This was the best piano playing the School has been privileged to hear fo r a long time. In the first place this extremely difficult work, full of violent contrasts in mood, was made to sound one organic whole, instead of a bewildering series of crashing chords and meaningless trills. Again, the lyrical moments were unhurried and beautiful, while the double octave passages were brilliantly executed, with complete relaxation and hardly a wrong note. Dr. Knight must be warmly congratulated on a wonderful achievement in musical interpretation and pianistic skill.

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The recital ended with two pieces for violin and piano-Nigun by Bloch and Kreisler's Praeludium and Allegro. Here Miles Baster once again demonstrated to us hi1> technical mastery of the instrument- the final Allegro providing a splendid climax to this excellent recital. Our grateful thanks are due to both the artistes, who m we hope to hear again in the near future. J.G.S.

"rHE CANTUAR IA N

HARRIET COHEN It was with great pleasure that we welcomed this distinguished British co ncert pianist to give a recital in the Chapter House on October 31st. As is usual with Miss Cohen's recitals, the programme was o ne of great interest, containing pieces seldom performed by the average pianist. As if to start by proving her point, Miss Cohen opened with an obscure, but none the less attractive sonata by the 18th century composer Dr. Thomas Arne. Arne's music (of wh ich there is an eno rmous quantity) is distinguished by its freshness and its charming melody. It is unpretentio us, and it was as such that it was performed here. The playing was deft and accurate throughout, a nd did not degene rate into the overrefined and "gallant" style that Miss Cohen produced at so me later points in the recital. Two works by H ayd n followed. They were the ad agio in F from the twenty- third sonata, and then the seventh sonata in D. Once again, the playing was instinct with the pianist's sense of delicacy and accuracy, although perhaps not a lways pointed enough. Pieces by Bach , Sibelius, Liszt, De Falla and Turina were played after a shor t interval. Perhaps the best playing of the evening was given in the Praeludium and Fantasia by Bach, a piece of great beauty, and characterised by rich harmony. Miss Cohen's playing remained very expressive, and it was interesting to note that fo r the first time in the recital a tone above mf was reached. The two chorales by Bach were a rrangements by H arriet Cohen herself, the second of wh ich, Sanctify us by thy goodness, being the only piece in this programme which is played with any frequency. Harriet Cohen thought fit to play this piece with curiously mannered inflections that destroyed the impetus of the music. In a short introduction to Sibelius' opus 75 pieces, the pianist explained how each d epicts some particula r tree of the Finnish la ndsca pe. The pieces proved to be charming in the nationalistic flavour, but of no grea t musical interest. The playing at this point seemed to lack the piquant freshness that had been such a marked fea ture ea rlier in the recita l. Liszt's La Lugubre Gondola provided a thrilling example of the late romantic music; this period of Liszt's music is unaccountably neglected. Miss Cohen was in complete command of its austere beauty; it should be mentioned that she was the first pianist to perform it in this country, after its recent release by the Liszt Society. The recital ended with an arrangement of De Falla's four Canciones Populares Espaiiolas and a Spanish dance by Turina. Although much of the playing was haunting and persuasive, the style was not finished enough to provide absolute satisfaction ; the approach to the frenzied Palo, fo r instance, was too tame. It was in the Spanish dance by Turina that the playing was most dis tinguished. We cannot resist add ing that the pianist undertook to show us "how musicians work", by displaying a hot water bottle which she carried in her muff. H owever, we must thank Miss H arriet Cohen for an unusua l recital which amply consolidated her reputation as a most scholarly and intelligent artist. F.D.A.M. 40

THE CANTUARJAN

DON PASQUALE By Donizetti MONDAY, N OVEMBER 19TH Victor Hugo's romantic dramas of the 1830's were mainly responsible for the popularity of the tragic end in opera during the 19th and early 20th century. Indeed, Don Pasquale is almost the last example of Italian comic opera. Despite its popular reputation, however, it is by no means the best of Donizetti's operas, the libretto being weak, the plot well-worn and the characterisation inadequate. Ernesto is presented as a colourless yo ung man who proceeds patiently thro ugh the episode, accepting the Voltairean precept that "All is (or should be) for the best." Only rarely does Donizetti allow him to enter into the vigorous good humour of the plot to ensnare Pasquale. One would feel compensated were he given more expressive arias, though Gwent Lewis, standing in a t the eleventh hour for Gerald Davies, took full advantage of these chances in the moving duet with Norina in the las t scene, and in the poignancy of his aria at the beginning of the second act. Again, Donizetti leaves us in doubt as to just what kind of man he intends Dr. Malatesta to be. Much depends upon the personal interpretation of the actor, who generally portrays an exuberant old man, radiating bonhomie, yet thoroughly enjoying the discomfort of his patient. Denis Dowling, however, gave us a Malatesta who, delightfully self-confident and possessing an un ruffled mastery of the most desperate situations, proved himself the perfect foi l fo r the boisterous effusion of Pasquale and the scheming gaiety of Norina. On the other hand the impression is gained that D onizetti was so enamoured of his imaginative conception of Pasquale that he left little room fo r the actor's personality to come through. Consequently, Pasquale is carried to a large extent by his characterization, dominating most of the scenes in which he appea rs. This is not to detract from Owen Brann igan's performance, however. He was the only member of the cast whose words were consistently audible in the difficult Chapter House acoustics, and he gave us a more human Pasquale than the irascible old man one is accustomed to see. Nevertheless, if he causes us to pity him too much in the third act, as he did, the essential comic spirit of the situation loses its force. It was, however, June Bronhill, as Norina, who carried the evening's honours. Hers is a singularly difficult part, especially in the second act, where the composer unreasonably expects her not only to sustain the lively humour of which she is the centre, but to perform vocal acrobatics, which she did with breath control that Else Hollweg might well envy. The " dashing rondo finale" that the programme led us to anticipate was a magnificent climax to her performance, but on reflection I admired most of all her versatility in switching from timidity to animosity, passion to tenderness, as her part demanded, with an ease that was reflected not only dramatically, but vocally. All in all, the Sadlers Wells artistes provided a first class evening's entertainment, made the more memorable by the thought that this is probably the last opera we shall see in the Chapter House.

D.J.M.

THE C ANTtJARlA N

THE SCHOOL ROLL The chronological order of publication of the School R oll has been interrupted for the following lis t, which antedates that published in The Cantuarian in July, 1949, for the year 1542-3. The new list is taken from what is probably the original schedule of members of the New Foundation of the Cathedral in 1541. This document was discovered by J. Brigstocke Sheppard then custodian of the Cathed ra l Archives, when a medieval floor was removed from St. Andrew's Chapel in the Cathedral in the later nineteenth century, and this list was re-cliscovered by the late Mr. William P arry Blore, C hapter Librarian 1936-48 (son of Dr. Blore, Headmaster), in a copy of Dart: Cathedral Church of Canterbury, 1726, at Appendix XX (a list of members of the New Found ation). The list had evidently been inserted in the copy of Dart by Brigstocke Sheppard since it was accompaDied by a note in his ha nd writing. The list of prebendaries given in the list is the same as that in the Charter of I ncorporation (Statutes of Canterbury Cathedral, 1925, App. V), while that of the schola rs differs in a few names from that in the Treasurers' Accounts, 1542-3 (Cantuarian, July, 1949), hitherto regarded as the earliest known list. The names of scholars at Oxford and Cambridge are with high probability largely those of members of the pre-Reformation School.

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Austen Wood Brown [A)asteo Colyar [? MS. damaged] Frenche Got ley Lachynden Wellys Maycott Stephynson Bowghton Lyttylcott Rogers Ely

The scollers o f the gram1"!1ar scolc lsheley Kemp Okden Shi rley Sa liter Bad by Heron Keyse Swan G lascok Loveless Seolt Jo hn B orden Bayly Dawbney Lambe Body

Crakenthorpe Lawrence Hyggys Culpeper Moyle Warde Clyfton Horden Somey Fraw[n]cis Robert Thwayt is Frog na il Shawe Orforde St rawnge Fynehe John Roberts

The scollers of Oxford Rycherd Masters Peter Lymyter Thomas Fyssher George Gwyllyn

William Beste Thomas Odyam* Stevyn Goldwell William Peter

Edward Ledes Raynolde Loveles Thomas Mascall William Bond

George Cobbam Bryan Wade N ycholas Murton Thomas C rya r

Edward Markwist Pawl! Frcnehe William Chamber Antony Kemp

The scollers of Cambrage George May John Stokys Stevyn Nevynson John Wyar

*The "a" and the "m" are conjoined.

B.K.J. 42

., TH E CANTUARTAN

" 'DIVVERS' DIVERSIONS "

C LUES

Ac Ross

CLUES. D OW N

I . Long-sighted Lawyers (9)

6. "Tho u hast suffered men to - over our heads."- Psalms. (4) 7. 15 Across would be a master of this mechanism (4). 8. David's wet pretence (3). 9. P lus a donkey, being lent (2). I 0. At least he had something to o!Ter (3). II . Arise, shine,- get? (2) 12. "To fight J, not as one that beatcth the ."-St. Paul (3). 14. A face and two hands can express this, a mong other things (4) . 15. U ndo ubtedly a n entrant fo r M o nte Carlo (4). 17. So meo ne recently emphasised (9).

I . Italy carp (Anag.) (9). 2. Be careful how yo u sta nd on this, it's a ll topsy-turvy. Help! (4)

3. Not without (2). 4. Jeremiah was freed by two ba rrels, this is No. 1 (4). 5. Cur Rest J.P. (A nag.) (9). 7. Corruptio n of the D ivine, but one of the select (3). 8. Caught upside d own in a thicket (3). 10. Cloth with no na mes (3). 12. Singula r Males ! (4) 13. St. James knew that big ships had a small o ne (4) 16. J os hua burnt the place, what a sa uce ! (2)

For solution see page 72

THE CANTUARIAN

CAMBRIDGE LEITER Dear School, Due to the unfai ling generosity of Dr. Budd most of the 0 .K .S. Can tab. met together under his roof o n the last day of October. F resh men were scrutinised and hasty notes were jotted down by you r correspondent with this Jetter in view. Since then the term seems to have raced by, and we have seen very little of each other. Occasiona l nods over crowds in the Mill La ne lecture rooms, waves from pavement to bicycle and sympa thetic grins when "easy" on the Cam ; by such sig ns have we recognised what we have in commo n. But some of us, of course, have seen a great deal more of each other than that, and others wou ld like to see more tha n they do; but life in Cambridge is nothing if not busy, and it seems to have more than its share of those things one would like to do but somehow never has the time o r the will to get around to do ing. With the Fairbairn races al most upon us, ma ny of us have rowing more in our minds than is usua l. T ony Briggs after a trial in a university freshmen's VHI is now rowing in Pe mbroke First VIII; a nd Jan Orr-Ewing also after a university tria l is rowing in Pembroke Second Vlll and has been doing some coaching as well. Brian McCleery having stroked the St. Catherine's clinker IV to victory earlier in the term is now rowing in his College First Vlll. I n the Second VJlls there are Peter Moss rowing for Clare, Dafydd Griffith for Jesus, and Roger Symon for L.M.B.C. Each of rhese was rowing in his college first boat until men not making the grade in trial VIlis gradually returned to their college Vflls and replaced them. Also on the river David Woodrow has been coxing a Corpus boat, and, believe it o r not, Anil Seal has taken up coxing too and is now responsible for a Trinity VIII, a j ob he seems to manage quite com petently when his scarf doesn't get tangled up in the rudder. Nigel Brown of Jesus has fo rsaken the river, drawing the line at insistence on cold baths. We are not quite sure what he does instead ; unfortunately he did not stay long enough at Dr. Budd's coffee party beca use he had two other pa rties to visit that eve nin g, so not much information could be ga thered from him directly; but perhaps eno ugh can be inferred from his hasty departure itself. Also in Jesus is Kenneth Agnew. He played for his college first XV until he injured his elbow. Bill Woolston has joined the O.K.S. at Jesus and after tryi ng his hand at university athletics and lawn ten nis has reverted for the time being to playing rugby for the college first XV. To complete the party at Jesus, George Hamber is doing medicine now in his third year, and said something about "dissection ... working hard ... head and neck" when asked to account for his activities. Another third year man is Bryan Phillips who reads engineering; Bryan spent the last vaca tion gold-mining in South Africa. Michael Holderness seemed a bit worried about his social life when the writer saw him last; but he is a medic. and must work accordingly. Joe F rampton is also in his tl1ird year and reads Russian. For his su pervisions he comes u nder the eagle eye of Dr. Malcolm Burgess of Downing, without whom the 0. K.S. in Cambridge, a nd perhaps Cambridge itself, would be sadl y incomplete. All O.K.S. are especially welcome to the series of lectures (free) M a lcolm is giving at 5 p.m. on Mondays in the Lent Term.

THE CANTtJARlAN

Bernard Cassidy in his fourth year survi ves his younger brother in Cambridge. Bernard has been leading a gay life; he combines working for a Dip. Ed. in music with an active part in the St. Catherine's College revue The Midnight Howlers which visited Oxford on November 3rd. Anthony Walker is in his first year at King's College and reads mathematics. He has taken up archery and basket-ball for which he is particularly blessed. In St. John's the School is represented by John Sales, Ronnie Hoare and Roger Symon. Ronnie shaved off his beard half way through the term but otherwise is the same as ever. Roger Symon having recovered from initial strain in his stomach muscles finds that there is something lo be said for the Lady Margaret rowing style after a ll. As yet we have no one to replace Nick Raflle in the university X V o r Willie E ustace in the Footlights : it takes excellence t o make one's ma rk in a university activity. But our contribution to Cambridge life is, L th in k, none the Jess real for not being spectacular; and most of us from Canterbury are content to pursue a modest life away from the limelight. Our numbers are nevertheless small compared with those at Oxford and we hope that those scholarship candidates from School who a rc shortly to occupy our rooms will be successful and help restore the balance. Yours sincerely, THE O.K.S. CANTAll.

HOUSE PLAYS, 1956 Mr. Leslie Bailey said in last term's Cantuarian in reference to The Mikado that many parts, particularly the female ones, were "a little outside the reach of any schoolboy ever born (if it were not so, Sullivan would not have known his business in writing for female voices)". Mr. Bailey may have had in mind the particular difficulties of the singing of undeveloped voices, but his remark is true of all branches of artistic expression, singing, music, painting, and acting. In the field of drama if boys can play parts intended for mature men as satisfactorily as ad ults, then the playwright has failed to do his best. They are boys miming men miming characters, with more often t han not the middle stage left out. School productions approach any play with humility, for they know their limitations. But nobody seriously claims that thjs is any reason why schools s:10uld not attempt to act Shakespeare and play Beethoven. It is, if you like, one of the most pleasing expressions of their education. Certainly no one says "Don't let them do it, they don't understand it" or "Don't let the rest of the school hear them, they'll be bored: much better let them listen to 'Family Favourites' or 'The Archers'". When, therefore, this perennial problem of house play choices arise, it is strange that people shriek "We aren't going to get much fun out of doing something serious" or "We must do something funny or the school won't like it". The first objection is easily dealt with: a play of integrity (for want of a better term) becomes more absorbing as rehearsals proceed and the surface of the play is pricked, while an ordinary farce, a play that is essentially surface, tends to pall as soon as words and movements are known. Secondly, the school aud ience is potentially the most intelligent, certainly in Canterbury, and probably before which any school actor is likely to appear. To treat the school as if they are cheap holiday-makers who need to be seduced from the cinema to the local rep. is sheer lunacy. This is not a plea for obscure intellectualism, but it is a request tl1at just because Tons of Money four years ago suggested an infallible formula for success, this is no reason not to experiment and become more ambit io us. Abundant ingenuity has been displayed since then in decor, effects, and costume, there is only lacking enterprise and originality in choice of production. ff we lack the talent or the drive to take risks in being ambitious, then 1 suggest we leave well a lone. Every house should gear its choice to the enthusiasm a nd talent that there is for the theatre among its members. If a house is talented musically then 1 see no reason why they should not attempt a musical play or a revue. 45

THE CANTUARIAN ln the last resort the primary consideration must be for the actors themselves. How rewarding is thei r labour going to be? There is a lot of truth in the remark that if one has to learn a long part, then learn a part that is worth remembering even after the performance. The better the play, the more an actor will derive from it, the more work he has to put into it, the greater the final enjoyment will be. This term there has been the best selection of plays ever, and the initiative shown needs all the encouragement it can get.

"I HAVE BEEN HERE BEFORE " LUXMOORE HOUSE " MOUNTAIN AIR", by Ronald Wilkinson Sunday, November 18th lt is with a pleasant sense of familiarity that I now approach certain House plays. The two hours pass, the sun shines, the gay paint smiles from the pastel wall, the french windows quiver invitingly before the magnificent view. I nod to the silk cravat, bow to the R.A.F. moustache, glance knowingly at the ample divan, appraise the crowded bathing dress; telephone, cocktail cabinet- the set is complete. There will be eggs for breakfast, ham for lunch, and crumpets for tea, and in between, drinks, red and white, in hip flask and caraffe, moselle and raspberryade in equal proportions. I know every risque twist, every dubious inflection, every alien misinterpretation, every tug of the eyebrows. This is in no sense to discourage "Mountain Air". 1 came, and laughed, and went, and Luxmoore's object was realized. Mixture as before-yes, down to the scuffle on the bed and power-packed-wonderdrink, but put over with a pace and an abandon as near to perfection as I have seen in the Chapter House. One can forgive a play much, even if some of the best comic lines were lost sight of in the general farcical inundation, if it has colour and speed, and this was the glory of the production. The pace of the play never faltered, as a result of clever grouping, sparkling delivery (though audibility inevitably suffered), and the confidence shared by actors and producer alike. Cla rk and Matthew did most of the spade-work for this, aided by Moore's petite French girl, who was blissfully unrestrained but, blessedly, never vulgar. May 1 say that all three seemed thoroughly at home in their parts. Stewart had a stock comic part with stock lines, but he played it with such a degree of good-natured sincerity, that I can only conclude that such people do in fact exist. To provide the feed parts, or the norm of society, or whatever you will is not an enviable task, but I, at least, was most in sympathy with Bretherton's appealing Frau Anna and Stiven's authentic Scot, a part which had moments of great whimsical charm: both sensibly proportioned portraits. A. W. Pengelly not only filled the bathing suit but suggested a woman doctor's professiona l and unprofessional aspirations as persuasively as he could in a badly written part. The team was wel l balanced, Mr. Milner's production throughout firm and intelligent. The setting was sunny and channing, the costumes ambitiously varied and most beautifully devised, with some exceptionally good wigs. I have been here before, and slight as the plot might have been, I was still prepared to be amused. 1 pray, however, that the experience will not be repeated five weeks running.

O.R.F.D.

IN QUEST OF BEITER THINGS The Shop at Sly Comer, by Edward Percy GRANGE Sunday, November 25th Sly Comer is, I suppose, one of the best thrillers written since the war. This is not only because its exposition is unusual, the murder takes place in full sight of the audience at the end of the second act, but because the murder is not the most important thing in the play. We are asked not, "Who did it?" or even "Will he be caught?", but "Should he be caught?", or more explicitly, "Will it be a good thing for all concerned if he gets away with it?". How well this problem was posed and how fairly the solution was suggested to the audience was the triumph of Mr. Berridge's production and T. M. E. Dunn's acting. Elsewhere the production was not so sure. The first act went splendidly. The tension as Bayston padded across the half-lit stage towards the figure bent over his molten gold, as it lay hissing and steaming in the basin, was magnificent. The curtain to Act I was the most dramatic that the Chapter House has seen. But oh, what happened in Act 11? We returned to the necklace tugging maidens, the tea trolley manipulati on, the self-consciousness. Of course, this should be a contrast to what has gone before, but there was none of the care lavished upon detail here that made the first act so alive. Again in the third THÂŁ

THE CANTUARIAN

act there was a seemingly dull and badly written passage, and the unfortunate actors tried to hurry along to something more excit ing as qu ickly as possible, forgett ing that it was their duty to work up to the tension of the denouement. Sly Comer has a good ending, but it is drawn out and the attention of the audience must be gripped as the chances of detection waver to and fro. The irony of the suicide fell rather flat partly through this earl.ier inadequacy, and partly because the detective gl ided about with a knowledgable smile which seemed from his first entry to proclaim "the game's up" and was in fact merely designed to catch the audience. Such blatant trickery is unpardonable. Tn the balance of the play as it was presented everything depended on the main part, for Parry, Allen, Ament, and Camp had sligh t parts, though they were pleasantly (or unpleasantly) played. T he charlady seemed out of place in the play altogether, though Garei-Jones certainly made him the funniest music hall creation we have seen, a nd Bayston, though his arrogance and small-mindedness came across well, scarcely had space to make the character live. All praise to Wethered, who in a permanent state of suffering gained our sympathy in the last act. One might fi nd fault with Dunn's Alsatian exile. He might have graduated his bursts of geniality and rage more skilfully on occasions, he might have padded about a little less, his accent could have been more controlled. But these are all faults of overplaying, and are only quibbles when one considers the overall eftect of his performance. Dunn has a magnificent stage presence. Tn recent years I can only remember Ricketts' Tartuffe, Roche's headmistress, and perhaps Campbell's Gwinny whose stage presence has been of the same class, and these were a ll performances of a less serio us or a more restricted nature. Dunn played the man in all his moods, as he moved lightly across the stage with the agility one often finds in heavily built men, as his face and his eyes, his hands and his whole body contorted into bestial violence, as he spoke to his daughter or his treasures with a slow deliberate restra int as if savouring for as long as possible these moments of happiness. He was at home in his surroundings, amid the prints and the bric-a-brac, although the atmosphere would have been helped with a less garish red on the walls and a greater sense of untidiness. The great difficulty in House plays is that so often the actors are embarrassed by the superficiali ty of the play itself. Sly Corner had occasions when the actors forgot any self-conscious restraint. T he murder was no apologetic tussle: the life was choked out of the body. We live in hope for such moments. O.R .F.D.

"METHINKS THE GENTLEMEN DOTH PROTEST TOO MUCH" Pygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw Sunday, December 2nd Shaw in the Chapter House in his centenary year. What a pleasure it is to be able to write those words! Mr. R. W. Harris and Walpole are to be congratul ated unreservedly on such a venture. It marks the long delayed transition from "doing" a farce or a thriller to attempting a play of ideas, previously discouraged for House production for the ostensible reason that the audience are not educated to so lofty a taste. That this argument is so much rubbish was amply demonstrated by Pygmalion. One might as well ask the orchestra to play Cole Porter rather than Corelli. No, what emerges from Pygmalion is that it is the actors, not the audience, who need education in the elementary principles of conveying ideas on the stage, who need to be taugh t that it is impossible to approach even a Shaw comedy with the kick and rush tactics of farce. Pygmalion is not one of Shaw's best plays. I n the last act the problem is neither posed nor solved: it is hounded from serious contemplat ion. l n this production at least it was the action up to E liza's revolt in Act iii which was the connected entity. It seemed for a moment as Wright, silent and poised in all his finery, fetched Higgins' slippers and placed them without a word at his feet that no further exposition was needed, that the act was over. There was blessed silence for a moment, and then the battle was o n; the shouts, the oaths, the rampaging must have awakened every house in the terrace. Higgins may seem unconventional, unthinking, unfeeling, but he is not essentially a boorish man. He bullies people, but he bullies them with personality and words, not in a torrent of abuse. Pickering is the g rown man to this child. He is at times inspired by Higgins' enthusiasm, but he never forgets to call Eliza "Miss Doolittle" or to rise when a lady enters the room. If Higgins behaves like a ranting ogre and Pickering like an irresponsible schoolboy, then the balance of t he play .is ruined. WALPOLE HOUSE

THE CANTUAR I AN

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Balkwill had his moments as Higgins. Gangling and irresponsible, he may have ranted too much, b ut he showed what a good actor he can be in places, when he was fretting under h is mo ther's leash, in his scene with Doolittle, and in some of his sympathetic passages with Eliza. With more light and shade in his conception of character and a less impassioned delivery he would have been a most acceptable Higgins. Jenner was an accomplished foi l, but he dressed and moved more like a young Byron than a middle-aged colonel. Shaw gives a surprisingly sympathetic portrait of Higgins' mother; she is tolerant and perceptive without incurring ridicule for her conservatism, and H. J . Ricketts showed great understanding of th is difficult adult part. . The scenes with her son were most efl"ective, particularly in the great tea-party scene where Morrison, Hamilton-Paterso n and M. J. Ricketts, exactly as Shaw intended his popinjays to be, sensibly resisted the impulse to overact and preserved the best balance in the play. l was sorry that the most amusing scene in the play, that between Higgi ns and Eliza's father, was in places cut, but Ashenden made a very good job of one of Shaw's most delightful creations. He had the bravado and the forth rightness of the man, though it would have taken a mo re mature actor to bring out the wit of his " philosophical" outlook. It would be unfair to bring a charge of woodenness against Taverner's housekeeper, for the lilting fo rmality with which he preached at Higgins had its effect, though it lacked the essential motherly scolding ring. [ have left Liza to last. This is not for the purpose of singling her out for praise or condemnation, but because it is impossible to assess her until we have reviewed the help s he received fro m the other actors. She is far more a member of a team than is, say, Descius Heiss in the play of the week before. A lot depends fo r instance on her H iggins, how many slips of sympathy he shows for her early on, and how this is developed in the last act. Liza is after all a straightforward character so long as she is either dropping her aitches o r studiously observing them. The difficulty comes in the last two acts. Wright had a good sense of the broad comedy early on, but I was sorry that he too fell into the rampaging vein of the production and never allowed himself the pause that makesÂˇan unintelligent o utb urst so effective. He was mercifully happier in the later stages and here his performance was strong and uncompromising, being at his finest in the d ignity and feeling of his quarrel with Higgins. He conveyed the hopelessness of his plight most movingly, though in Act iv I would have preferred him sober rather than still triumphant. On the whole his performance was a most satisfying one with moments of rare comedy and pathos, and where he was less effective it was as much the fa ult of the other acto rs as his own. The experiment of using one very wide set for alternating changes o f scene was an impressive success, despite the d ifficu lty of grouping. I hope it will show to those who regard one set as a p rerequisite of a House play that with a little originality and improvisation a two or three set play can be artistically most satisfying. The d resses were devised on as lavish a scale as period costume would permit, and Higgins' smoking jacket and Liza's ball dress were much admired. The production had the polish which we have come to expect from Walpole and Mr. Harris. They arc a good combination. I do wish, however, that Shaw had been approached with a little more reverence, for it is more rewarding to laugh at the ludicrousness of human nature than at displays of bad temper.

In looking through this review I am conscious that I may have seemed unduly censorious, and to have damned with faint praise. Let no one make that mistake. Where pra ise is given it is with ad mi ration, where criticism is offered it is with the heartfelt thanks to a ll connected with the production that they have given the School the chance to see a play of ideas, and the reviewer the opportunity of looking beyond plot, situation, and timing- the attrib utes of farce- to the more rewarding study of interpretation, conception, and sympathy for character. O.R.F.D.

WHICH TURNING? A Horse, A Horse, by L. Du Garde Peach Sunday, D ecember 4th All five actors gave accomplished performances in this long drawn out comedy. It is, however, not easy to say whether this was despite, rather than because of, thei r material. Impoverished and absentminded dukes with pompous and unpaid butlers are figures that we meet every day upon the stage, if nowhere else, and they give little scope for sympathy or the unexpected. When in addition we have an ex-cho rus girl Duchess who still declaims at the whiff of greasepaint " the show must go on" (and go on it did for two long hours), and the suave spiv beloved of British comedy films, then we are entitled to THE SCHOOL HOUSE

...

THE CANTUARlAN feel that Mr. Peach has really scraped the bottom of the barrel. For a brief moment early on it did look as if the remaining character, the daughter, with a suspicion of left wing indoctrination, might develop into somebody with a trace of originality. However, by Act II it transpired that all this was just jolly fun, culled at Roedean, and all was quickly forgiven and forgotten as problems of more weight lumbered on to the horizon. Let us therefore allow that the plot was a trifle, and was drawn out just too far to be bearable. Within this given framework, the play was most allractively presented and acted, and I found it most enjoyable. The actors put across everything there was in the play, and that speaks worlds for their sense of character, timing, and situation. It was moreover the most audible play I have heard in the Chapter House. Much of the credit for this must go to Budgen, who as the resourceful duchess hardly left the stage during all three acts. We have seen Budgen in serious parts many times but here the sense of comedy that has always seemed to lie close to the surface bubbled over irrepressibly. But it was sti ll a controlled performance and the compromise between spirit and dignity was achieved most naturally. As her husband, JardineBrown was exactly fitted to the part: tactless, exasperating, bumbli ng, he was at his best in his total inability to grasp the identity of Sam Sly, a demonstration which could have been merely annoying but was in his hands most easily and naturally handled. As their daughter, Bewley shows a great deal of promise. He spoke well and was obviously enjoying himself and though the part allowed him little scope there were signs that with greater confidence and better movements he will be a valuable addition to the School's acting talents. Brown as the ponderous butler once again emulated Snell and I am not sure that he has not got the better face for it. The "two dromedaries and a llama" went across with unsurpassable plummi ness. The performance of the evening, however, in many people's minds was that of Giles, a lias Lord Arthur Savile, alias Sam Sly. With delightfully mannered gestures, a most expressive face, and a lush Hoxton accent, impeccably over-dressed and matchlessly phill istinic, Giles had all the equipment, and he revelled in using it. Which last remark is also appropriate to Thorburn's horse, whose eyes gleamed with that fire which invariably fo reshadows the rapid propulsion of rider and groom into the nearest trough. Poor as the material was, one did feel that Mr. Owen had got the best out of his cast and that they in turn had got the utmost of the play. Individually I shall remember their performances with pleasure. Perhaps they are worthy of better things. O.R.F.D.

L INACRE HOUSE

The Seagull, by Anton Chekhov

Monday, December 17th

The performance on December 17th was an importm1t event; it was the first House play for over three years not to be produced by a master, and it was at the same time the first attempt for some two years at presenting a serious play. The decision on producing such a play was an act of courage, and Linacre are to be warmly congratulated for presenting The Seagull with such sincerity and such assurance. At the time of its writing, Chekhov was afraid more than anything else of over-acting. After the failure of the earlier performance this lesson was taken to heart, and modern productions of this very difficult play tend, if anything, to give too much away. T he conception of a drama of " indirect action" is almost Sophoclean in its difficulty of interpretation. Basically, the difficulty is one of presenting action, all off-stage, in such a way that the effect seen by the audience is produced entirely by character rather than by explicit reference to the events which brought about that reaction. The play thus demands acting of the highest quality from the four principal characters. Konstantin must develop from being a diffident outside into a prophet of integrity. The role is exacting, and J. I. R. Thompson, although allowing the acidity of his character to show through perhaps too soon, presented excellently the picture of the man of flesh and blood driven inexorably to his crisis. His most difficult moments come, of course, in the final act, when one would think that almost too much was demanded of boy actors; however, with the entirely moving performance of D. C. P. StedaU, who, once he was greater fai th in a llowing himself moments of larger gesture and of more prolonged effect, will surely be very good indeed, Konstantin's crisis was approached, recognised, and acted out with the least conceivable incredibility. 49

THE CANTUARIAN Of Thompson we have, of course, already come to expect a very high standard indeed; bu t even his warmest admirers must have wondered, in this play, at a new depth of feeling and a new sensitivity o f expression. Movement, gesture, the intaken breath, the slightest movement of the eyes- T hompson has all the equipment, and his use here was masterly. The portrayal of Nina must mark Stedall, previously unknown to the Schoo l stage, as outstanding; the conviction and the thought with which he was able to deliver each line, and indeed the power lent to each pause by the understanding which he brought to the role, s urprised and delighted an audience which has come to expect little more of its heroines than good appearance and a winning smile. The last act depends very largely for its own success on that of Nina; and that the audience was, throughout, held and led along so fi rmly in sympathy was a tribute to the compelling pathos of Stedall's acting. The stro ng finish had, of course, to be backed by Irena and Trigorin. The relationship between these two, which is central to the plot, demands that Boris should not "develop" at all. For total success at the highest level, it is necessary for the novelist to be weak in a manner which we can believe true of secondrate authors. His only strength must be that of his pride. 0. R. F. Davies can scarcely be blamed- in that no producer can see himself- for allowing more strength of high principle rather than of selfconfidence to appear early in his role. Despite this, however, J. G . Underwood's Irena carried sufficient authority to mask this to such an extent that (apart from a failure in the third act convincingly to put forward the illusion of .Boris' being "left behind") the picture of the dominant ex-actress playing on the nca r-great artist was accurately and convincingly presented. Th ere was sufficient warm th in this interp retation of I rena to temper the hard ebullience of the role; control of the nebulous situations asked for in the play was always maintained in Irena's presence: and how utterly co nvincing this portrayal was is indicated by the perfection demanded of Davies himself-for perfection, once the qual ity of this production was seen, a lone would do. The muted passion ofTrigorin was, at the moment of his demand for release, pitched in the key to which the whole performance was a ttuned- honest, undemanding, and prepared merely to state the problem. This meant that some irrepressible Chekhovian humour went uncmphasized; but it meant, too, that mo re minor characters were allowed to assert their parts with equal weight. Pa rticularly the autho ritative performances of M. B. Chester and R . .B. Horton must be mentioned for their con tribution to an ambience of stuffiness and scruple; and an utterly convincing Masha by E. B. I. Hazelton shows that Linacre has made yet another discovery. The sets were interesting and, if not over-attractively lit, well thought out; and the stage staff is to be congratulated for producing in 15 minutes something for which most Houses require 36 hours.

(

The evening belonged to 0. R. F. Davies; for proving his point that the mental agility and imagination of a School audience has been long underestimated, for the tremendous pains which a production of such po lish requ ired, and, most of all , for the thought and sensibility which s uch sincerity a nd high seriousness in presentation demanded, he deserves the gratitude of everyone who had the privilege of bei ng present. J.G.O.

THE NEW BOYS' PLAYS The new boys' production of three one-act plays was more ambitious than those o f the two p revious years, since talent needed more careful selection and the resulting pressure on individuals increased the difficulties of production. Yet the audience was given an enjoyable evening and the variety of subject provided both colour and originality. A convincing portrayal of the supernatural is d ifficult under most circumstances, but the five actors in W. W. Jacob's The Monkey's Paw made up in enthusiasm what their performance lacked in conviction. D. A. Cooke as Mr. White created the essential atmosphere of tension in the last scene, while T. G . Bewley was suitably maternal as Mrs. White. As their son Herbert, D. A. Young gave a p articularly lively and pleasant performance, gently mocking the Sergeant-Major, J. J. R. C. Harston, who though lacking in vigour told his yarns amusingly. Mr. Sampson (J. R. Dowel), the bearer of ill-tidings, was too melodramatic, but added an air of pathos to a productio n which entertained, even if it failed to convince. Drama tic monologue requires much change of mood and voice tone, all o f which C. A. M. Parrish as Mrs. Rowland in Eugene O'Neill's Before Breakfast managed to conjure, effectively tracing the flux of emotion from spite to raillery, pity to sarcasm- with an underlying crew cut of selfishness and

...

THE CANTUARIAN

frustration. The surge of abuse was only broken by the appearance of her half-drunk husband, which amply justified the fear that shook the heart of this vitriol ic shrew. The innovation was both convincing and well-received. The evening ended on a comic note with Gertrude E. Jennings's Bathroom Door. P. Constardine as the you ng man gave a lively performance, while opposite him, the Prima Donna (W. J. C hesshyre) was suitably grandamish, haughty and refined. Their companio!li outside the bathroom included A. Georgiadis as an elderly lady, observing the situation with tremulous overtones- and where she remained severe, the elderly gentleman (R. A. Kenchington) railed with energy against the inconsiderate behaviour or the unknown occupant. M. J. Lindley's hip-swinging young lady failed to solve the enigma, which Boots (J . M. H . S. Metcalfe) found so elementary. But credit for the zest of the boys themselves must be t raced to the inspiring production of Mr. R. K. Blumcnau, nobly assisted by an attractive wardrobe under the supervision of Miss Gibbs. The principal aim of these productions has, once again, been achieved- notably, to discover who is ready to graduate into the more ambitious ventures of Shaw and Chekhov, and, more important, into the School play, long overdue, in the Summer. J.G.U.

THE SCHOOL CHOIR To say new things about the School Choir each term in this article becomes an increasingly difficult problem. For as I look back over previous articles I find I am repeating myself on some points, though I might add, not unjustifiably. In the last issue of The Cantuarian I said that I thought the Choir was then greater in number than at any time I could remember in the past. This term I have to say that the Choir is even larger than ever; we now number ninety! That is some twenty-five or so more than last year. This, of course, is not all for the better. When a choir gets to that number it becomes very difficult to manage and there is much 'dead wood' amongst it. The great difficulty, though, now, is where to seat everybody and where to obtain enough copies of the anthems so that there is at least one between four people! For some time now the Cathedral have very kindly allowed us to borrow their music when we wish. But they a re a choir of not more than thirty s trong and they possess therefore only enough copies of each anthem to satisfy their needs. Often the number is as few as twenty. But despite these drawbacks it is a pity to turn away keen singers. Besides, with 35 trebles and increased strength in the under parts the Choir has developed a fine, rich tone which it had not got before. It must be admitted, however, that rhythm is not one of the choir's strong points at the moment, particularly where the tenors are concerned. We have sung an anthem at every service this term, which has put a considerable strain on new boys seeing the music for the first time. Nearly all of our 35 trebles are new boys tlus term; but many of them have willingly met every Tuesday afternoon to relieve the pressure of work entailed in leaving such a lot of music to one full practice a week. Nine .out of the eighteen anthems sung this term are new to the School and valuable additions to our repertoire. I should like to mention just one or two of them which I would pick out as the highlights of the term's anthems. Firstly, My Soul there is a Country by Hubert Parry is a forceful piece of music demanding absolute unanimity and is difficult to bring off successfully. The Choir sang this very well indeed and the intonation was good throughout. Rejoice in the Lord by Henry Purcell, often known as the Bell Anthem, provided us with a very interest ing anthem. M. D. Deller, J. Polglase 51

TH E C ANTUARIAN

and C. H. Bayston were well together in the verse a nd m ade a smoothly balanced trio pleasing to the ea r. It had been hoped to do it with string accom paniment but it appears that it would have been im possible fo r the strings to learn their pa rts in the short time we had for rehearsal. But Mr. Lawrence mo re tha n m ade u p fo r the absence of strings with his very able accompa niment o n the organ. Teach me, 0 Lord by William Byrd gave a n exquisitely simple examp le of the Tudor Period. It is a truly beautiful piecea gem of simplicity in perfect style. The treble solo was sung by N. D . Curtis. F inally, I was glad by Hubert Parry, witho ut a doubt the most am bitious anthem yet attempted by the Choir, canno t pass by witho ut a mentio n. This anthem, now associated with the Co ronatio n, requires a cho ir of great strength a nd vocal stamina a nd is difficul t fo r a School Choir, with young, immature voices, to attempt. The Cho ir must be congratulated on a very convincing rend erin g of this fine anthem. And a ll these a nthems learnt in o ne Choir Practice a week on Sa turday evenings for an hour! The Carol Service this yea r took the same fo rm as las t yea r with one o r two new carols sung by the Choir. The new o nes included, Dormi Jesu ( Ru bbra), Three Kings (Cornelius), Shepherds, shake off your drowsy sleep (Besa n~o n carol) and On this Day (Stewart). Next term we ho pe to sing a n ela bora te a nd exciting eight-pa rt T e Deum, Vaughan Williams in G. We await eagerly ano ther in terestin g term's work.

M.D .D. Anthems sung by the School Cho ir during the past term: Let all the Angels (Ha ndel) Holy, Holy (G retchaninoff) Thou visitest the earth (G reene) Save us, 0 Lord (Bairstow) My Soul there is a Country (Parry) 0 Worship the Lord (Travers) Give us the Wings of Faith (Bullock) How beautiful upon the Mountains (Stainer) I heard a voice (Goss) God is a Spirit (Sterndale Bennett) Expectans, Expectavi (Wood) Teach me, 0 Lord (Byrd) How dear are thy Counsels (Crotch) 0 Thou the Central Orb of righteous love (Wood) Rejoice in the Lord (Purcell) I was glad (Parry) 0 Jesu most k ind (Bach) Hosannah, to the Son of David (Weelkes)

THE LIBRARY We acknowledge with gratitude books presented to the Library by the following:- Mr. and Mrs. J. G. R. Austin, Mr. Leslie Baily, Mrs. Lilian Boys Behrens, Mr. C. S. Emden, Col. B. L. Hooper, the Hcqdmaster, and Messrs. R. K. Blumenau, J. G. Owen a nd J. B. Wilson.

'fllB C ANTtJARlAN

THE MUSIC CIRCLE CONCERTS ON OCTOBER

7TH

On Sunday, October 7th, the Music Circle gave the first of a series of three concerts held this term. The concert was held in the Music School, and was well attended. It should be said that a lithe performers in this concert had less than a week in which to learn their items as it was so soon after the beginning of term. However, the short time for rehearsal was not evident in the concert which was of an extremely high standard throughout. T he concert opened with two 'cello duets played by R. F. Lunn and J. Polglase. The first was a sonata for two 'cellos by William de Fesch and the second a 'Cello Duet (Op. 2) by J . Reinagle. Neither of the performers would, 1 thin k, argue that the works were in themselves particularly outstanding but it was indeed enjoyable to hear our two National Youth Orchestra 'cellists playing together with such precision. The Chaplain and Mr. R. P. Scott then provided us with a very sparkling performance of Bach's Concerto in C major for two pianos. They gave an exciting interpretation, clear a nd well together. G. W. Lane then played the slow movement from J . C. Bach's Viola Concerto. His playing was good and his intonation sound . It is pleasing to Âˇnote that the School has a viola player of such a high standa rd. The playing of B. M. Morrison is indeed to be remembered. Of the two pieces he played, I enjoyed most his Chopin Scherzo No. I in B minor, a truly thrilling performance. Morrison is a pianist of tremendous force and vitality and has an extraordinarily advanced technique. His playing of Rachmaninoff's Prelude No. 22 in G sharp minor was quite as strikingly brilliant but to me there seemed greater polish in the Chopin. The concert ended with some male voice trios sung by M. D. Deller, J. Polglase and C. H . Bayston. They sang with good understanding and excellent unanimity. Probably the most enjoyed of their delightful group of madrigals and part-songs was Purcell's When !he Cock begins to crow, which was particularly well done. They sang with finesse throughout. This concluded what was to me the most memorable Music Circle Concert for some time. M.D.D.

ON OCTOBER 28TH On Sunday, October 28th, the Music Circle provided us with yet another most enjoyable evening's music. The concert opened with some p iano solos played by C. H. Seaman. Hi s profound performance showed that much hard work had been put into the learning of these pieces. His playing of Bach's Prelude and Fugue in C minor, No. 2, Bk. I, was direct without being over robust. Excellent too was his interpretation of the Docturne in E major by Chopin which he played with finesse. His final piece was the Prelude inC major by Prokoviev. T. C. Good and J. R. Bennett then played us a duet for two violins by Corelli. Here are indeed two young players with a promising future, and though their sense of rhythm is at the moment weak, their playing was full of merit. Good then played a solo by Fiocco. He has a clean style and his intonation was almost perfect. He was unfortunate in having a stop halfway through his solo, but he went on with unusual equanimity. Mr. D. S. Goodes accompanied in both the duet and the solo. Solo singing provided us with the next item. M. D. Deller (Alto) sang three Purcell songs accompanied by C. H. Bayston at the piano. First he sang Epilha/amium (A Wedding Song) and then An Evening Hymn. The last song in the group was Purcell's beautiful Music for a While. Deller sang with fervour and understanding throughout. The concert ended with a string sextet and a string octet. First, the sextet from Bach's Musical Offering which was played extremely well, though the intonation in some parts was at times a little shaky as indeed it was in the fina le from Mendelssohn's Octet which followed. However, the players enjoyed playing it and we enjoyed listening to it. What more could one ask? So ended another evening with the Music Circle. M.D.D.

THE CANTUARIAN

ON NOVEMBER 11TH The Music Circle has given three concerts this term. In the last of the series the second orchestra were heard fo r the first time this term. Their entry was impressive if only for the prodigious range of instruments that they produced; three bassoons and a seemingly endless row of brass, trombones, trumpets and the lot. We approached the actual music with some trepidation, thinking that the relatively inexperienced members of the orchestra would find some difficulty in manipulating the mo re cumbersome instruments. But Joy and Rapture unforeseen ! Not only did they control their instruments with great dexterity, but also produced a sound that belied their inexperience. They played three pieces: the March from Scipio by Handel, Byrd's Pavane, and Woodhouse's march Valiant Knight. The most effective parts in these passages were where the orchestra played a//tutti, when the brass could throw caution to the winds and produce a magnificent sound, drowning the wild wavings of the violi ns; and consequently the weakest part was when the orchestra had to play piano for any length of time- revealing certain curious inconsistencies of pitch in the strings and optimistically wrong notes in the brass and woodwi nd. Nevertheless the orchestra maintained a vigorous pace throughout under their conductor John Sugden and were a great pleasure to listen to. CONCERTO FOR 'CELLO AND 0RCHJlSTRA IN C MINOR. Vivaldi. We have come to expect a very high standard of playing from R. F. Lunn on the 'Cello, and were only slightly disappointed. His technique was equal to a very tricky solo part, and his tone was consistently perfect in the slower moments. What was especially notable was the wide dynamic range that he produced from his instrument. Yet as a whole the performance lacked conviction, and he received only wooden support from the o rchestra. Two CLARINET PIECES, played by B. S. Guard. Roundelay. A. Richardson. Prelude, Burlesque. Howard Ferguson . These were two very interesting pieces of music, both containing some adventurous tonality; and it is to his credit that Guard played them brilliantly, with only a slight deterioration of tone towards the end. His playing was vivacious and his control of the staccato note and dynamic variation quite remarkable. THE MADRIGAL SOCIETY. (Cond. E. Wright.) Little Pretty Bonny Lass. Stay Choridan. Bluebird. Farewell Nancy. The D ark Eyed Sailor. The Madrigal Society gave one of their professionally polished perfo rmances that well illustrated their mastery of tone colo ur and musica l expression. If there is any weakness in this group, it is in the tenor section; but the verve and impeccable intonation of the rest more than made up for any deficiency in this directio n. CONCERTO IN D MINOR FOR TWO VIOLINS AND 'CELLO. Vivaldi. Technically this was a good performance with Messrs. Sugden, Robertson and Polglase adequately filling their respective roles. Vivaldi was fast where he should be fast and slow where he should be slow, there was no fa ltering of pitch as at times seemed imminent, and yet the whole perform ance lacked inspiration with some extremely lifeless playing at times. MocK MoRRis. Percy Grainger. High spirits was the keynote of this piece, and despite the occasiona l sacrifice of technique to hilarity it made an excellent end to a pleasant evening. O ne final plea-can we move from the 18th to the 19th century in the choice of music to be performed?

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CANTUARIAN

ORCHESTRA OUTING As a reward for the Orchestra's hard work in King's Week this year, the Headmaster granted us permission to spend a day in London, concluding with a visit to the Royal Festival Ha ll. The highlight of the outing was the all-Russian concert at the Royal Festival Ha ll which was given by the London Symphony Orchestra with the young Danish pianist Daniel Wayenberg, conducted by the 2 1-year-old Robert Bronstein. The programme, Night 011 the Bare Moumain, by Moussorgsky, Tchaikovsky's Fifth Symphony, Rachmaninov's Second Piano Concerto and the Polovtsian Dances from Pri11ce Igor by Borodin, was most enjoyable and very well executed. rt was wonderful to hear a good professional orchestra!

THE CHAPEL The term has again been a full one. The School is fortunate in having the Rev. A. B. C urry as Chaplain, and we welcome him. The Confirmation classes have begun; and several more people have offered to serve at the daily Communion Service. We have had some excellent sermons this term, among the most memorable of which were the Rev. Clarence May's vigorous, often entertaining, and challenging call for purity: and an intriguing, thought-provoldng sermon on the Devil by the Rev. Dr. A. Yidler. We would like to thank Mrs. Shirley for arranging the Chapel flowers so beautifully throughout the term; we would also like to thank Antony Budgen for his hard work as Sacristan, and Hedley Brown for organizing the seating in the Cathedral for the School Services. A new form of seating was tried one Sunday for Evensong, but although it made for a more communal atmosphere, all the chairs being focussed on a central point in the Crypt, everyone was ver)' cramped and the old a rrangement was restored. The Carol Service was a beautiful fin ish to the term's religious activities. The carols were as follows:Once in Royal David's City Gau11tle11 CHOIR Verses I & 4 Verses I to 5 only PRAYERS

Traditional

The First Nowell CHOIR

Fre11ch, arr. Wood Edmund Rubbra German, arr. Pearsall Mendelssohn

DingDong Dormi Jesu Tn Dulci Jubilo Hark I the Herald Angels Sing THE F IRST LESSON

Traditional

0 Little Town of Bethlehem ORCHESTRA

Ha11del

Pastoral Symphony CHOIR

Shepherds! Shake off your drowsy sleep Good King Wenceslas

Besa11con Piae Cantio11es-German

THB SECOND LESSON

Gruber

Silent Night CHOIR

Tradifio11al, arr. Wood Come/ius H. Stewart Este, Psalms

Past three o'clock Three Kings On this day (with organ) While Shepherds Watched PR AYERS

Adeste Fideles

Traditional

THE CANTUARIAN

THE SOCIETIES THE SOMNER Socunv.- The first meeting of the Society this term was a business meeting, at which the Society decided to visit Rich borough and Sandwich the follow ing week. The most impressive part of the R oman port at Richborough was its defences;-in places its walls are still over twenty-five feet high. In Roman times, however, Richborough was well k nown, as well as for its oysters, for its colossal monument, about fifty feet high, the top of which was adorned with bronze and gilded figures and which served as a symbol of the greatness of Rome as it reflected the rays of the sun to the ships passing through the Channel. The Museum contains all the objects of interest found on the site: many were unique or rare and all were of great interest. Certain gentlemen of the Society took great delight in the descriptive labels, especially those of "A Raddle" and " Part of a Socketed Celt" . The Society next proceeded to Sandwich, where the Town Serjeant kindly acted as guide round the Guildhall. In the Court Room he gave us a brief outline of the parts of our legal procedure which originated from that room. A panelled folding jury box, which is claimed to be the origin of the term "a panel of jurors", and the contemporary supporters of the arms of Elizabeth I were outstanding among the objects of interest in the room. In the Council Chamber above there is a painting of the visit of Charles II to Sandwich to present the town with its finely illuminated charter which is in an adjacent room. The Town Serjeant there showed the blackthorn st ick which, in accordance with an ancient custom, he has to cut each year for the Mayor. With the aid of this and the coats of arms on the windows, he gave a short discourse on heraldry, and demonstrated how these coats of arms help to show the great significance of the Guildhall in the history of Sandwich and of England. By kind invitation of the Canterbury Archaeological Society, the Somner Society attended some of their lectu res in the Slater Hall this term. The fi rst of these was a lectu re by Mr. Frank Jenkins on "Excavations at Bekesbourne". The excavations were of what Mr. Jenkins called a "Franco-Kentish" burial ground, because of the definite Frankish influence, if not origin, of many of the objects found in the graves. This Frankish element means that Kent was probably quite civi lized and at least partially Christian before the advent of St. Augustine. Mr. Jenkins ended by remarking that now that the bu rial grounds of the subRoman population of Kent have been excavated, it is essentia l that houses of contemporary dates should be found and carefully excavated, so that it may be possible for archaeologists to" gain a good impression of the domestic life of the period. A series of lectures was given by members of the Society on d istinguished O.K.S. of the sixteenth and seventeenth centures. B. K. Jeffery spoke about Peter Gunning and Richard Culmer. Peter Gunning was a Canon of Canterbury who later became Bishop of Chichester and finally Bishop of Ely. He was a member of the Savoy Conference and the author of many prayers which arc still used today. Richard Culmer, who was known as " BiueDick",was a tactless puritan and was responsible for iconoclasm and the breaking of the Becket window in the Cathedral. I. A. Campbell gave short lectures on Nicholas Faunt and Thomas Lushington. Nicho las Faunt is usually known as a great friend of the Bacon family and as the secretary of Sir Francis Walsingham. He was a Member of Parliament, an earnest puritan, and in 1603 there was talk of his succeeding Win wood as ambassador at the Hague. Thomas Lushington was a seventeenth century divine, a great scholar, a man of originality in thought a nd words, and the author of many religious books and pamphlets. M. G. Sayer d iscussed the merits of Thomas Stapleton, the most learned Roman Catholic of his time. He was considered for election to the College of Cardinals, and the Pope thought so highly of his works that he had them read at his table. The Treasurer also talked about Richard Boyle, who later became Earl of Cork, as a reward for his services in I reland. 0. R . F. D avies spoke with assurance about Stephen Gossen, a great literary and controversial figure of the Elizabethan Age. Gossen is known principally as an important figure in early drama and the author of The School of Abuse. Dr. A. E. Wilson gave a lecture on "Roman Chichester and its D efences", which he illustrated with slides. In the manner of a writer of a detective story, Dr. Wilson g radually produced all the evidence concerning the Roman city wall of Ch ichester and finally arrived at his conclusions. During questions asked a fterwards, he made some interesting statements concerning the possibility of Chichester being Qn~ of th~ thr~e I a ndin~ points fo r Claudius' invasion in 43 A.D.

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Canon Sta nden lectured on "The D ead Sea Scrolls", and very clearly a nd very firmly gave his opinion about the scrolls, of which he has made a very careful study. He spoke of t he excavation o f the monastery of the Qumran sect and of the importance of Carbon 14 and o f the other methods of dating the scrolls. Canon Standen delivered an outstand ingly good lectu re a nd gave some very interesting answers to the questions wh ich were asked. Mr. R. K. Blumenau gave the last lecture of the term when he spoke about " WyclifTe and the Lollards" . In a very clear and well-planned lecture, Mr. Blumenau began by giving a history of the life of Wycliffe, whom he said was no more heretical tha n many of the scholars o f his day in Oxford and only achieved fame because he became known .outside Oxford. Mr. Bl umenau attributed the fai lure of the Lol la rd movement, of which Wycliffe was the founder, to the fact that at the time of its o utbreak the higher clergy and the aristocracy were so closely rela ted. M r. Blumenau ended his excellent lecture by speaking about the early English martyrs, with especial reference to O ldcastle. T he excavatio ns of the Society this term on the Field Classrooms site have been very successful. T he outstanding find of the term was a pagan Saxon brooch in the pit in the centre of the grass. Mr. Frank Jenkins, F.S.A., has very ki ndly undertaken to have the brooch cleaned fo r the Society, and the brooch, when cleaned, wi ll be put in the showcases in the Chapter Libra ry. A mong other finds were a Saxon spindle wh orl, a piece of R oman pottery a nd much Saxon and later pottery. The fl int layer at the bottom of the p it, where the Saxon o bjects have been fo und, may be t he fl oor of a Saxon ho use. I n the same pit the twelfth century Precincts wal l has been fou nd, which was p ulled down soon after its erection . The wall at the moment appears to be over seven feet thick, but th is could be because a buttress in addition to the wall may have been excavated. In the other p it a la rge ho le in the city wall, partially filled with rubble, has been found. The purpose of this hole, which seems to go right through the wall, is not yet known, because the poor condition of the face of the city wall makes it dangero us to continue excavations there. It has been rather optim istically suggested that it might be a Roman sally po rt. L.A. C. THE PATER SOClETY.-After a somewhat undemocratic election , the new Secretary was indeed for tunate to welcome two such distinguished visitors as Mr. Hugh Lloyd-Jones, F ellow of Corpus Ch risti, an d Mr. P hi lip VeUacott, tra nslator of numero us G reek tragedies. On t he home fron t, W . A. H odges has read a paper and M r. J. B. Wilson has one in embryo. On September 28th, Mr. Lloyd-Jones gave a most inspi red talk a bout the " Papyri of Aeschylus", fragments of which were dug up from the excavations of the rubbish heap s of Oxyrrinchus. One of these gave a m uch later date of the "Supplices", long assumed by commentators to be the earliest of Aeschylus' plays. A fortnight later, H odges launched into the historical signiftcance of the Book of Exodus, which, if a little adrift from our customary course, nevertheless aroused great interest and showed thorough research into the subject. Mr. Vellacott read a paper on " D rama, T he Gift of Greece", which traced, in the clearest possible way, the emer gence of drama as we know it today f rom its ancient birth at the D ionysiac festiva ls. We offer our Âˇs incere thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Wilson for their generous hospitality at all the meetings this term; we hope to relieve them of some of their burden next term.

J.P.R . THE MADRIGAL SOCJETY.- For some unfathom a ble reason the Ch ristmas Term has always been one of comparatively little activity where the Madrigal Society is concerned. This term has not proved the exception. But do not m istake me. That is no t to say that we have not met regula rly once a week during the past term : we h ave; and much useful work has been done during that time. We have, however, been unusually devoid of concerts. One could n ot say t hat we have been inactive, but after last term's Serenade Concert in the Cloisters and our broadcast, we seem to have had little chance of exhibiting our talent to anyone but ou rselves. We have sung at one of the three Music Circle concer ts, a review of which may be fou nd elsewhere in this magazine. T hat was our one concert this term.

We welcomed fou r new trebles to the Society this term; they were : N. D . Curtis, C. M . Price, S. R. G. Carrington and H . W. Goldsmith, all of whom should p rove to be of value to the group . Varcoe, o ne of last year's trebles, has now switched to the alto line and G ua rd , one of last year's tenors, has dropped 57

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o ut. Another most valua ble add ition to the Society is the C haplain , who has joined our bass line, and will be of enormous value to us. Our numbers are gradually getting nearer to the original eighteen. Last term we numbered about twenty-five which was far too large for a Madrigal group to function s uccessfully. This term we are down to a more healthy number of twenty-one. During the last term we have occupied o ur time learning a lot of new music, ready for concerts in the future. Next term looks as tho ugh it will be a busy one fo r us. Already we have ideas about three concerts. It may be remembe red that during the Lent Te rm last year we gave a recital in the Cathedral whic h took the form of a n Anthology o f E nglish C hurch Music, and it was a great success. We hope that this coming Lent Term we may give another recital on similar lines to that one. So we end a nothe r te rm; for us, uneventful but interesting. It was pleasant to have a free-wheel ing term after such a busy Summer Term , and we were able to s ing just for the fun of it without the worry of any approaching concerts. Next term we hope once again to get down to some really hard work. M.D.D. T1m MARLOWE SoCIETY.- The claims of university schola rship examinations and house-plays usually ma ke it parti cula rly difficult in the Christmas Term to fi nd time fo r meetings of the Society, for hurried mee tings would hardly serve the purpose fo r wh ich the Society exists. We have therefore hea rd only one paper so fa r this term, given by A. B. Savile on Gra pho logy; and we hope before the term ends to hear a paper from M. J. Ricketts on the Baroque.

THE CAXTON Socii!TY.-The Society has had yet another busy term. Five House Plays, two Recitals, a Concert, a Carol Service, Christmas cards a nd many smaller School and private o rde rs have kept the majority of the Society busy. The smaller jo bs have given the junior members a good chance to gain a finn footing. Luckily we had our thi rd machine in use again this term, without which it would have been impossible to have printed what we have done. The most tiresome job of the term was the tying o f the bows o n the die-stamped C hristmas cards which kept a group of us occupied for many afternoons. We are glad to see that coloured paper and ink have been used more in the programmes. Unfortunately, Mr. Pcctt, our instructor, has been ill, but we are glad to say that he is back with us again. P.E.I. L. THE PHOTOGJ~APHJC SOCIETY.- The Society under the Presidency of Mr. Kent accepted the resignation of I. S. McDonald, who has been Honorary Secretary for the last year; B. D . Foord was elected in his place. A. J. Webb has done much good work for the D ark room, including the installation of the dishwarmer. Many full members were elected this term a nd a fair amount of e nthusiasm is shown by the associa te members, of whom there are many. To help the new and inexperienced members, P. C. Ament gave a lecture on " Doing your own printing and developing". A lthough this was ele mentary, it is essential knowledge and should have proved most va luable. The Honorary Secretary gave a lectu re on " Pho tographing buildings" which extended over two meetings. This very interesting aspect of photography was illustrated by a film strip and also from some prints from which faults were pointed out. T he subscription has been raised in view of the necessity of buying and replacing some of the darkroom fittings, which receive constant use. It is hoped that members will be able to produce prints o f sufficient standard and quantity to e nable the Society to hold another exhibition in the summer. B.D.F. T ~J E TENTERDEN SocJETY.- Arranging debates requi res the tact a nd discretion of a trained diplomat. Looking back through years of Debating Socie ty minutes, it seems that K ing's has never cared for regular forma l debates. Meetings are spasmodic to say the least. It is not true to blame this entirely on pressing activities elsewhere. If people want to do something badly enough, they will find a time, and a place. The extraordinary amou nt of time put in o n preparations for House plays a re witness enough of this. Natural reluctance of potential speakers a nd the inefficiency of the secretary play their accustomed part, but the real reason lies elsewhere; perhaps in the atm osphere of the School itself. Why make a formal affair out of discussing a problem which can fa r more satisfacto rily be dealt with in private wi thout the need for slick persuasive delivery o r the embarrassment of naive and negative interruptions? Jn my experience, people do not oiTer to speak in debates primarily because they want practice in p ublic speak ing or because they enjoy the limeligh t. T hey debate because they a rc sufficiently interested in the problem in hand. But so often the problems people would be willing to take a stand on are some aspect o f belief or mora lity which simply docs not make good formal debat ing mater ial.

THE CANTUAR IA N Indicative of this attitude has been the response to the Tenterden Society this term. At the most crucial phase of the Suez crisis a hundred people from the Upper School managed to fit themselves into the Societies Room, and at 8 o'clock on Saturday, November lOth. With the Secretary in the Chair, Mr. R. K. Blumenau proposed the motion that "This House deplores the actions of the British Government in the Middle East". He outlined with masterly clarity the mistakes of policy since 1948, the mishandling of the eventual action, and our present terrible plight with none of our objects realised. Mr. P. Pollak in reply said that the real battle was East v West, now that co-existence had fa iled, and that action had to be taken if we were to survive. Mr. A. C. Berridge, seconding the proposer, showed in detail the disaster of both short and long term reactions, and how little sympathy the rest of the world had for us. Mr. J. B. Wilson, speaking fourth, begged us not to be misled by high-sounding phrases; no league had ever yet prevented a war : forget rights and wrongs and losing face; the only thing that had cash val ue was the stopping of a major war. The motion was thrown open for half-an-hour to the House, though the fate of Hungary rather than Suez, seemed to be preying on the minds of the speakers. Two lucid summings up were given befo re a vote was taken, which resulted in a rejection of the motion by 68 votes to 29. The Society extends its t hanks to our four speakers.

O.R.F.D. THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.- At the end of last term the Society said good-bye to some of its keenest and most active members. Many private collections went with them ; we now look to the more junior members to maintain the tradition of exhibiting at the Association of School Natura l History Societies' meeting in London. The Society has met three times this term . At the first meeting, J. Balkwill gave a paper on the aerodynamics of bird flight; introducing his subject with an account of the origins of birds and how they became flying animals. He went on to discuss the various methods of bird fl ight and how birds maintain stability in the air. This was followed a fo rtn ight later by a paper given by T . Jardine-Brown entitled "B ritish Bats"- an interesting lecture since he not only dealt with their a natomy, distribution a nd feeding methods, etc., but also en lightened us o n the ingenious steering mechanism of the bat and the research made on the subject earlier in the century. Both these meetings succeeded in stimulating informal discussion among the members: an opportunity fo r conversation on matters of common interest is one of the most valuable functions of a society such as this. The annual film show on November lOth attracted a good attendance and among the films, which were not only designed fo r the Society but for the fifth and sixth form biologists, was Game Harvest (a film kindly lent by the I. C. I. Film Library) which admirably made biological facts come alive by showing their application to one of the more exciting aspects of wild life conser vation. J.B.C.B.

IS THIS MY MOTHER AND MY BROTHER? Wild was her hair, and her eye was wild , As she sat on the kerb in the rain ; And fiercely she nursed her baby child Again and again with this refrain As she cried on the kerb in the rain: "Your Mother's mad, baby, they all say That your mother is mad, mad." And her hair was wild, wild as the day As she played on the kerb her mad charade, On the slippery promenade. A thousand samaritans round her press And each averts his eye. Alone there she nurses her distress And her child on the. bare, bare, kerb, and I Like they, on the other side pass by. 59

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C. C.F. This term's training has been carried through very satisfactorily, with little interference, and the Certificate " A" results are well up to the average. Jn fact the general level of the Recruits' platoons is particularly high- an encouraging sign for the future. This te rm, the two Companies have been run s lightly more independently, "A" Company by Capt. Lawrence and "B" Company by Capt. Po llak, with the intention that there should be closer liaison between the Company Commanders and the Platoon Commanders ; this seems to have worked very well. The Artillery Section has closed down for this term and its personnel are taking their Signals Classification. The reason for this was the absence of 26 Field Regiment R.A., our instructors, at practice camp in October, and their preoccupation with other matters later on. Jn fact we were able to reverse the usual order of th ings by lending them o ur one 25-pounder to train on, as all their 24 were in th ick grease, ready for shi pment ove rseas. We were very glad to be able to play the mouse to Aesop's lion. So the Signal Platoon has been busy, a nd we hope to have a n umber of classified signallers next term . The policy wil l be in futu re to let a number o f cadets who have passed Part Jl have two terms in the Signals or Artillery, to gai n their badges, a nd then return to the Basic or Army Section again, to ca rry out instr uction as N.C.O .s. T his wi ll prevent these special ist sections becoming culs-de-sac where a boy may evade the main object of the C.C.F., which is to produce potential leaders, with some experience as N.C.O.s and instructors. The Camp at Stamford in Norfolk was successful, in its training and interest value; it would have been far the best camp since 1947 but for the weather. It soaked us on the first morning, and agai n at intervals throughout the week. But there were some excellent demonstrations, including a parachute drop, a flypast of aircraft from the Auster to the Hawker-Hunter which was a masterpiece of timing and staff-work, and several most vivid and instructive infantry demonstrations. Our contingent, five officers and 76 cadets, was the largest we have so far taken to Camp, and it was a very worth-while effort. Promotions.- The following were promoted on 20th September, 1956, to the ranks s tated:-C.S.M. P. C. Ament, C .S.M. H. A. Brown. Sgts. D. P. Buchan, P. W. Niblock, G. C. Fletcher, S.C. Hardisty, J . A. G. Stewart, M. E. W. Vincent. L/Sgts. A. P. G. Stanley-Smith, F. D. A. Ma plethorpe, M. H. Cartwright, M. D. Deller, P. J. Ford, F. J. Giles, J . W. Balchin, M. G. Paramor, G. S. Smith, B. K . Jeffrey, A. J. Agnew, C. H. N. Moy. Cpls. T. Jardine- Brown, R. I. Baker, A. D. Lee-Elliott, J . A. Turner, J . L. Boultbee, M. G . Sayer, C. C. de Chazal, C. Vernon-Smith, A. J. Redpath, M . J. Price, D. C. C. Stevenson, R. H. Williams, 1-1. L. C lark . L/Cpls. J . A. Kane, C. J . B. Galla her, C. W. Yates, N. Devoil, B. A. Isbill, 1:-1 . Moon, M. R. A. Matthew, D. D. Valpy, R. F. Lunn , R. J. Pengelly, S. C. Wilkinson, D. R. L. Harris. G. A. G. Kidd. Certifica te "A" Part II on 4th Decem ber, 1956.- T he fo llowi ng passed, in order of merit :- M. R. Je nner, D. J . Evans, C. C. F. Matt hew, L. P. Pitch, P. J. B. G rainger, M. D . Ham, J. G . A. Headley, G. B. J ackson, R. M. Harvey, L. P. A lston, 1-1. K. Bray, A. D. W. O'Sull ivan, M. T. Thorburn, P. Chaffin, G. D. K. Marchmont, R . A. H. Clarke, J. R. Frew, C. J. M. J ewison, S. F. Oldrey, N. J. Burns, W . R. A. A. Uthwatt- Bouverie, D . H. King, B. D. Foord, K. D. Dent, A. A. Elworthy. Six failed. Part I on 4th and 6th December, 1956. 33 out of 38 candidates passed. K.A.C.G. Royal Naval Section.- Members of the R.N. Section, now fifty strong, have been wo rking hard for Able Seaman or Proficiency Examinations, which are now of an even higher sta ndard than before. The Royal Navy guarantees to accept for National Service those rated Petty Officer in the Section, and we hear of many former Cadets who have seen exotic countries they would not otherwise have seen . Every aspect of seamanship is taught, including navigation, the duties o f a quartermaster, a nchors and cables, rigging, boat work and signalling, and we are confident that members of the Naval Section can be relied upon to use the correct naval language in securing the family clothes line o r slinging the garden hammock. We had been promised two Coastal Minesweepers for Field Day- we st ill like to call it that- but in the event Colonel Nasser's claims on them proved too strong for us, and we spent instead an amusing day canoeing and sailing R.N.S.A . d ingh ies and " Herons" on the Thames. D .W.B. 60

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RU GBY FOOTBALL RETROSPECT To go through the season without losing a School match is a lways pleasing and satisfying, though the measure of this satisfaction can be diminished by a realisation of weakness in one's opponents. This season, however, because of the proved strength of some of the sides which it met and defeated, the XV can justifiably be proud of its unbeaten record. They maintained a steady improvement throughout the term and were probably at their best when, in their last School match, they played Felsted who, until then, also claimed an unbeaten record. King's also had the distinction of being the only School side to beat K.C.S., Wimbledon. At the outset of the season it was realised, in view of the nature of the material avai lable, that the best policy would be to concentrate on speed and determination and not to sacrifice either of these qualities in favour of bulk. Thus it was that a fast pack was formed which, when it was called upon to do so, bui lt itself up so quickly in defence in depth that they gave the utmost support to their backs. This should not be mistaken for a negative policy for this speed in the loose also led to some quick heels and gave the backs the opportunities they needed to score tries. It is probably fair to say that the side was well-balanced, though this opinion will not be shared by those who recall the dropped passes and the other occasional lapses, and whose disappointment at seeing opportunities so lost blinds them to some of the brighter features of the back play. Although often out-weighted, the serum was never out-shoved, and B. A. Isbi ll was certainly never outhooked. Flanked by H. A. Brown and B. D. Foord as props, this trio made a strong front row of such even compactness that the scrummaging of the second row forwards, C. M. J. Whittington and T. N. Harke, must have been more comfortable, and therefore more effective, than is usually the case. The open side wing-forwa rd position was well taken by M. J. Niblock unti l injury caused him to drop out. His place was taken by J. Kearin, who, up to then had disappointed as a centre three-quarter. However, he quickly settled down as wing-forward, where his covering and fine tackling were invaluable. P. W. Niblock was rather more than just capable and intelligent at No. 8, and M. R. Jenner was conspicuous for much good play on the blind side. The pack was keen and industrious and responded well to the enthusiastic and tireless leadership of Foord. They played with fine spirit and in nearly every match they warmed up to their job immediately. Whittington excelled in the line-out, and Harke showed rare speed for a second-row forward. M. E. W. Vincent at sta nd-ofT half showed tremendous improvement on last season. His handling was excellent and he had the pace and confide nce to make many rapier-like thrusts down the middle. Some o f his grub-kicking was well-judged, particula rly against Dover when the conditions suited the tactic, and his fast following-up was yet another asset. P. W. Rollason is except ionally promising at serum-half and deserves much credit for his season's play. He showed quick-wittedness on the field and some of his touch-kicking earned the gratitude of his forwards. J. A. G. Stewart showed dash and determination on the right wing but lacked that liule extra speed to give him the edge over his opponent. On the other wing, J. A. Turner did enough to show that he must be one of the best schoolboy wing three-quarters in the country. He has all the physical attributes necessary to a first class player and has the skills as well. H is fine tackling was a feature of the K.C.S. match, and in attack he always took a great dea l of holding. Some of his touch kicking was quite remarkable in its length and accuracy. A. J . Agnew captained the side from centre three-quarter and his equable temperament was of great value to the side. He is a fine t rier and h is ability to take a nd give a pass in one stride helped considerably in the making of the three wing three-quarter tries scored against Felsted. The other centre three-quarter position was shared by Kearin and J. R. Frew, and after Frew was injured, J. W. Boeckmann made the position his own. With more experience and confidence, Boeckmann will undoubtedly become a very good player and as it was he served the side well. The outsides all developed good rugger sense and were usually in the right place doing the right thing at the right time. M. T. Thorburn is the last to be ment ioned. There is no doubt that the covering afforded to this fullback by the o ther members of the side relieved him of a great deal of stress and at the same time gave him great confidence. To say that he was sound and coo l wou ld be a n under-statement. His fie lding and 61

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kicking were all that could be desired, and if only he could find a little more pace there is no doubt that he would have a very bright future on the n 1gger field. In a season of comparat ively low scoring the value of his accurate place kicking cannot be over-emphasised. In spite of what has been written about them, this XV was not the perfect rugby playing machine, as was shown in the Club matches, but in a season of such good results only the perfectionist would quibble and deny to them the degree of praise meted o ut. Only those who have been closely associated with them throughout the season can fully appreciate the splendid spirit which Agnew has helped to foster both off as well as on the field of play, and their success owes quite as much to this as it docs to individual skills. C. F. 1ST XV MATCHES THE K ING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V ST. P AUL'S SCIIOOL

Played at St. Paul's on the 3rd Octo ber King's, 0; St. Paul's, 0 After only six days of practice the result of this match was encouraging. The School started well when Vincent cut through and had a good run before he was tack led . The pace of the game was soon set- it was to be a fast game with both s ides endeavouring to keep it open. Play swung from one end to the other, but despite some good movements by both teams neither side looked like scoring. The School serum combined well and won the ball from the majority of set serums, and were also quicker in the loose. Outside the serum the School defence was o ften tried by the fast St. Paul's line- Madge on the right wing was very fast. In attack the King's backs could not produce that thrust necessary to score, although a scissor movement near the end of the game nearly brought a try. T his was a promising game fo r the s tart of the season and much was learnt from it. The forwards won a majority of set serums, and by the end of the game dominated the loose play. This prevented the fast St. Paul's line from having many chances. v CANTERBURY R .F.C. Played at St. Stephen's on the 6th October King's, 3; Canterbury R.F.C., 8 Conditions were almost perfect for a fast open game, and both sides did their utmost to make it so. The School started well but despite some good runs by the wi ngers were unable to penetrate the Canterbu ry defence. Although against a larger pack, the School fo rwards showed up well both in the tight and the loose, when their covering was especially va luable. Canter bury had more experience o utside the serum and the game showed up the limita tions of the School attack, alt hough there were some good individual runs. Shortly after half- time, Thorburn put the School ahead with a penalty goa l, but not long afterwards Geoffrey Smith countered this with another pena lty goal, thus making the score level. The Canterbury s ide were fitter than in previous years and, instead of tiring at the end, pressed hard and scored a good try- this was converted . Canterbury continued to press hard and play remained mostly in the School half. The School were up against a bigger and more experienced side whose weight eventually told. The forwards played another good game but the Canterbury defence checked our backs. The game was also slightly marred by numerous penalties. THE K ING'S SCIIOOL, CANTERBURY

v BLACKII EATH R .F.C. Played at St. Stephen's on the I 3th October King's, 3; Blackheath, 5 The School soon settled down to play at a fast pace, producing several dangerous moments in the first ten minutes and nearly scoring from a penalty awarded near the Blackheath posts. The dry gro und and sunny conditions helped to keep the game fast and open. The School serum conceded height and weight, and consequently possession, to a pack which included a former Barbarian and a first team hooker. Fortunately for the School the Black heath centres took time to settle down; but when they did they showed themselves dangerous. The School backs were again given little room in which to move, so that the wings could not reveal their potential danger ; but good covering in the defence prevented a ny score THE K ING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

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until the Black heath right wing broke away for a t ry under the post- this was converted . Play slowed down in the second half but one of the School's concerted forwa rd rushes brought its reward when M. J . Niblock scored near the corner flag ten minutes from time ; a good kick by Thorburn just fai led. For the most part the School forwards were qu ick in the loose although generally beaten for possession; the backs d id not have as many chances as in previous games but showed an improvement. v K.C.S., WIMBLEDON Played at Wimbledon on the 20th October K ing's, I I ; K.C.S., 6 This was a fast open game between two evenly-matched sides, with the School fighting back in the dying minutes of the game to score twice and so wi n. The School sta rted off very well and scored in the fi rst few minutes when Stewart followed up his own kick ahead to score near the corner flag. Thorburn converted this. The School continued to press hard and a minute later Stewart was pulled down on the corner flag- following much inter-passing after a short penalty kick. Wimbledon fought back, and taking advantage of a dragged pass, started a forward passing movement which led to a try, but the kick fail ed. Wimbledon pressed hard a nd their fo rwards looked especia lly dangero us in the loose- they based their attack very much on the right winger, but some fine tackling, especially by Turner, prevented thei r effort from becoming really da ngerous. With only a few minutes to go, Wimbledon scored again through their left wi nger; th is was unconverted. The School now retal iated a nd was soon pressing the Wimbledon line, when from a serum under the Wimbledon posts we were awarded a penalty. Thorburn converted this. Wimbledon k icked off again but were soon defending vigorously, and in the last few minutes Jenner scored again from a forward dribble. This was the School's best performance to date fo r they were up against a lively and experienced Wimbledon pack a lthough they held more speed o utside the serum. THE K ING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

T H E KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V D OVER COLLEGE

Played at D over on the 27th October King's, 16; Dover, 3 This game was played in the worst possible cond it ions-on a waterlogged pitch with rain falling very heavily for much of the match. Turner opened the score after a good r un up the left wing, and T horburn turned this into a goal. D over replied with a pena lty goal. T he School three-quarters received more o f the ba ll than their opponents but the bad conditi ons prevented many chances being used. Vincent scored a good try by following up a kick to dribble the ball about 30 yards before scoring. N ot long afte r this Isbill fin ished off a passing movement among the fo rwa rds by scoring near the corner flag ; neither of these was converted. At half-time the score was l 1- 3. Ra in fell even more heavily in the second half, and both sides struggled to control the slippery ball . Not surprisingly passes were fu mbled and dropped, players found it ha rd to keep standing, a nd the game became a little scrappy at times. The School scored once more when Turner followed up a well-placed kick ahead by Vincent- Thorburn did well to convert the slippery ball. In the last quarter of an hour p lay almost came to a standstill, while the two tired packs strove to get possession of the ball. The School's victory came largely from adapting themselves more to the conditions; and one of the best features of the game was Vincent's well-judged kicking. v ST. L AWRENCE Played at St. Stephen's on the 30th October King's, 26; St. Lawrence, 5

THE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

The School won the toss, and taking advantage o f a strong wind blowing down the pitch, gained a substantial lead of 23 points in the first half. By some good touch kick ing the School took play into the St. Lawrence 25, and then had the ball o ut to the th ree-quarters. Turner ran well with the ball on the left wing and scored two good tries in the first ha lf. Vincent a lso scored twice; the first after a dribble very similar to the one at D over, the second by some deceptive running. Thorburn converted the second.

THE C ANTUARTAN The Schoo l three-quarters had more of the ball than their o pposite numbers, due largely to Isbill 's good hooking, and made good use of this service. From a serum near the St. Lawrence line Ro llason took advantage of a quick heel to dive over on the blind side. Before half-time, Thorburn kicked two penalty goals to give the School a convincing lead. In the second half, the School did not slack off as much as the score might suggest- the wind greatly helped St. Lawrence a nd they looked more dangerous than in the first half. They scored a good try by foll owi ng a quick heel from a loose serum- they converted this. The School fought back hard and Turner went over again before no-side. The School pack played well in the set pieces, and the backs, with Boeckman having his fi rst game in the centre, showed themselves dangerous. v RICHMOND " A" Played at St. Stephen's King's, 0 ; R ichmond, 6 This match had a tonic effect, for before it we had won th ree school games consecutively, two by large ma rgins. As a result the forwards had not been called on to corner-flag, and had shown a certain degree of slowness when doing so . This game tested the School's defences very severely. The result was a little disappoint ing, for Isbill hooked very well even when forced to retreat by a heavier serum ; in contrast the line-o uts were amo ng the mo re untidy and scrappy this season, with Richmond holding the advantage by virt ue of their height and st rength . Our team showed two changes : Kcarin coming to wi ng forward, in place of M. J. Niblock who d ropped out through injury and Williams temporarily replacing Turner o n the wing. The Richmond tries came mid-way through each half; o ne from a three-quarter movement, and the other from a break o n the open side by their serum ha lf when ncar our line. Early play was fast and interesting, but too quickly this turned to untidy kick and rush tactics. King's had more defending to do in this game and they lacked the fi nish to penetrate the Richmond defence in the second half. Rollason and Thorburn had several attempts at penalties, and one break by Vincent nea rly led to a score, but play was territorially in Richmond's favour. THE K I NG'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

THE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V OxFORD UNIVERSITY GREYHOUNDS

Played on Christ Church ground on the 13th November King's, 3; Greyhounds, 31 The score of a ruggcr match can only be a generalisation, and in this case it was a n inadequate one. The result would suggest a massacre, but this was not the case. The Greyhounds owed nearly everything to their speedy centre M.S. Ph illips, who subsequent ly gained his Blue. To him go our congratu lations. More than once he took a pass at in-centre, beat the entire defence and scored in a corner. After such a t ry King's replied a lmost at once, when from a serum under the Greyhounds' posts, the ba ll came ou t to Agnew who dropped a good goa l. Then came two more tries for the Grey hou nds; they led 9- 3 at half-time. Our forwards played extremely well fo r most of this game, out-hooking the heavier o pposition, a nd surprisingly enough gaining a reasonable share of the line-outs. The mid-field defence, however, was always suspect, and whenever the Greyhounds gained possessio n they scored . Their goal kicking was atrocious. The King's line moved well with the ball but seldom did anything constructive. They did, however, give the Greyhounds' fu ll back, Rowe (O. K.S.), a severe testing and several times he was caught on his own line in possession from o ne of our kicks. It was a pity we could not emulate the last two years' results when we won 3-0 and held them to 12-5. v EASTBOURNE Played at St. Stephen's on the 17th November King's, 5; East bourne, 3

THE KING 'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

Conditions were perfect for a fast open game, a nd both sides tried to make it so, resulting in quite an interest ing match between two evenly matched sides. Eastbournc possessed a much larger serum than the School- as was evident in the line-outs, and the pushing in the serum- nevertheless the School forwards gave the backs a good percentage of the ball. The School three-quarters ran well, and T urner

T H E CA N TUA RIA N had many good runs. The School's try was a good example of the value of backing up : Turner broke through the Eastbourne line, and passed inside to Kearin who ran about 20 yards before scoring. Thorburn converted this, and there were high hopes that the rest of the game would be as interesting, and that both sides would throw the ball around. However, the game slowly deteriorated, although Eastbourne scored an equally good try, after a passing movement among the forwards: the kick fai led. l>lay remained mostly between the two twenty-fives with neither side coming very near to scoring, despite some interesting movements. Both packs were tired by now, and service from either serum became less freq uent. T he School forwa rds d id well to check a larger pack and played better in the loose than Eastbourne. Outside the serum Turner's running a nd T horburn's kicking o nce again proved invaluable.

TH E K ING'S SCHOOL, CANTEROURY v FELSTBO Played at St. Stephen's on the 24th November King's, 12; Felstcd, 3 T he conditions were again perfect and the School set a fast pace from the first few minutes- this was kept up fo r nearly all the game so that this was one of the most interesting matches of the season, and the School's best performance fo r some time. Within five minutes the School scored twice by quick passing out to the wi ngs, where Turner a nd Stewart finished off the movements. The three-quarters played one of their best games, moving fast and straight, and with a very good service from the serum often looked dangerous- but fo r unlucky bounces some good cross kicks might have produced more score. The early lead seemed to infuse fire into the School pack who played together well and gave their backs much more of the ball than the Felsted serum. When Felsted heeled the ball they produced some dangerous movements, but often ran into the covering forwards. J ust before half-time Felsted kicked a penalty goal. In the second half, the fast pace was maintained and by many changes of direction and short inter-passing the School scored twice more before no-side; a try by Turner and a penal ty goal by Thorburn bringing the points in question. Felsted stormed the School line in the dying moments but the defence held well. Most people were very satisfied with the School's performa nce; the forwards gained mastery over their opponents and the backs ran ha rd . THE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTEI~OU RY v HARLEQUINS "A" Played at St. Stephen's o n the 1st D ecember King's, 8 ; Harleq uins "A", 14 T he School did no t start off as well as usua l and the fi rst ten minutes were ragged, with little constructive play by either side- in this time B. Linton (O. K.S.) scored an opportunist try for the Harlequins- this was unconverted. The School fo rwa rds conceded weight a nd height while the Harlequins were superior in k nowledge o f the game and speed ; taking advantage of this they made the score 6- 0 by half-time. The School line was under pressure which had the desired effect of improving the tackling and fall ing; although the Harleq uins added a goa l and a try to their score before the School had replied. T he somewhat ragged play, during which the referee had to caution one o r two of the club side, gave way in the last twenty minutes to some enterprising play by the School. The School fo ught hard and lasted the pace better- it seemed that time a lone prevented them from scoring more than a goal and a try. Both of these were commendable eiTorts- Harke broke from a line-out and charged over the line- Thorburn duly converted this- and then Rollason intercepted a pass near the half-way line and ran hard to score, being tackled on the line. T he School pressed hard and might have scored again, although the score is a bad indication of the play. THE K ING's SCHOOL, CANTERBURY v THE O.K .S. Played at St. Stephen's on the 8th December King's, II ; O.K.S., 8 T he 0 . K .S. fai led to produce a fu ll team and delayed the start of the game wh ile they found five members of the Canterbury R.F.C. to complete the team- this delay meant that any pre-match enth usiasm that there might have been I1<1Cl gone by the time or the kick-onÂˇ twenty-five minutes late. T he game was scrappy a nd not very fas t, a lthough there were occasio na l exciting moments. The School's first try

THE CANTUAR IA N brightened up the game for a little for it came from a fast heel a nd a quick passing out movement to Stewart, who went over on the right wing. Just before half-time the O.K.S. replied with a good goal when M. Herbert cut through and sent B. S. Salmon over for a try- J. R. Harvey converted it. The School pack was more sluggish than in previous matches and did not play a very good game while the outsides lacked fire. The School sco red again when after much inter-passi ng following a short penalty kick Rollason dived over the line. Thorburn's kick failed. The O.K.S. now pressed the School line, playing a hustling game for the most part, but after some scrappy play Turner gathered the ball, beat several people a nd ran 70 ya rds to score under the posts- Thorburn goaled this. The rest of the game was untidy, although from a passing movement the O.K.S. scored again. No-side came when the two packs were struggling in the semi-darkness. A scrappy game, but with some pleasing features- some good inter-passing which produced a try for the School and M. H erbert 's devastating touch-kicking for the O. K.S.

THE

2ND

For the first half of the term the 2nd XV was kept fairly well together as a team, and inspired by the encouraging leadership of P . F. Valpy, they scored a succession of good wins by handsome margins. Later on they suffered rather badly from injuries to key players, as a result of which the side became somewhat disjointed and makeshift from game to game. In the early weeks of the term, mid-week practice games formed a regular part of the training schedule and during this period the 1st and 2nd XV's played regularly, usually in opposition to each o ther. With the advent of House Matches and the occasional mid-week match, together with the need to avoid players becoming overtrained and stale, these practice games had to be abandoned a nd it was from here on that a sJjght falling off was detected. This could, however, be a fa lse impression as it was at this stage of the season, when changes were most frequent, that the toughesf opposition was encountered. There is no doubt that the 2nd XV included several players of 1st XV sta ndard and calibre, a nd these may consider themselves unlucky not to have gained places in the 1st XV. Had the 1st XV been less successful they would certainly have been given their chances. The first of these to come to mind is fu llback C. W. Yates. Some o f his performances can only be described as brilliant, and if some of the characteristics of his play arc perhaps a trifle unorthodox, this only serves to make him a more interesting player and adds lustre to the game. P. F. Valpy is a good second-row forward by any standards, a nd it was always consoling to know that there were such good players in reserve should the I st XV have had to call on them. P. Chaffin, J. lleaugie, R. Horton, J. Gunner, N. Burns and M. Plutte were all regular members of the pack, and J. Smith, R. Wood and G. Marchmont all played on occasions. If enough of these return for next season there should not be much difficulty in building up a fi rst rate Ist XV serum. The scores of 24, 27 and 32 points in successive school matches ind icate the measure of their superiority over opposing forwards and the willingness of the backs to turn this to proper advantage. M. Cartwright is a good serum-half to have behind a winning pack, as he is quick at getting the ball away and his passes are long. At fly-half H. Templeton was sound and his handling very good. He is a bustling type of player and if he can develo p a faster turn of speed he shou ld do well. D. J. Williams is comparatively well experienced and a very good footba ller whose progress at the game will vary in direct ratio to his speed. Others who played in the three-quarter line, and who showed up well from time to time, were A. Redpath, P. Campbell , P. Nicholson, J. Frew and H. Clark. RESULTS Played 10; Won 5; Lost 5; Points for 128; Points against 62 King's v Canterbury Lost 10-13 K.C.S. v King's Won 24-0 King's v Dover Won 27- 5 King's v St. Lawrence, Ramsgate Won 32- 0 Won 5- 0 King's v R.A.P.C. Sutton Valence v King's Won 13- 0 King's v Eastbourne Lost 0- 14 King's v R.M.S., Dover Lost 6- 9 R.M.S., Dover v King's Lost 6- 13 King's v H. M.S. Worcester Lost 5-8 66

C. F.

THE CANTUA RIA N

TIDRD XV Compared with the two previous years the Third XV has not had such a good record as fa r as bare results arc concerned, but play was of quite a high sta ndard befo re injury and loss o f practice through House match demands began to make inroads into the strength o f the game. Despite the fact that the rhythm which was s howi ng signs of frui tful development earlier in the season was broken up, the games played were enjoyable and rewarding. Mainly owing to lack of experience the first few matches were untidy. T he first fixture against R.M.S., Dover, was spo iled by the fai lure of both serums to pack in the loose. There was, however, a noticeable improvement when Kent College were convincingly beaten at home. This improvement especially in the set serums gave the forwards a greater share of the ball and the back line made good use of it. But the disappointing display in the return fixt ure showed that the lesson was still not properly lea rned. Lack of determination in tackling and falling proved disastrous. The two games aga inst St. Lawrence provided a useful boost to the side's morale, in particular the match away when the best performa nce of the season was given. Jones, the captain, at centre, did much to encourage a high standard of play and his own example and efforts were uniformly pra iseworthy. His other centre, Minns, combined well, and what they both lacked in weight and robust ness they made up in some intelligent play. Webb o n the left wing was an asset especially for his accurate kicking, notably against Shorncliffe R .A. when the penalty goals he landed put new life into the side, and Kemp on the right wing showed signs of developing into a determined runner. At full back Ho lmes-Johnson, coming in from the leagues, deserves specia l credit for his bold tackling and together with Dunning who played in this position on alternate occasions, gave good displays particularly against heavier club sides. At half-back Huxley and Wigg promised well. Huxley, the serum-half, always a fighter, began to overcome his tendency to try to go through himself. Wigg had safe hands to take his passes and get the line moving and was beginning to develop more confidence in defence. Lee-Elliott played both at serum and stand-ofT half and with greater experience will prove a good rugby player. His feat of dribbling a loose ball 60 yards a nd then touching down was an exhibition o f ski ll and wisdom. The forwards were showing patches of fire and learning to play as a pack. F in burgh, as hooker, who took over from Nash when the latter was injured, struck well and despite his handicap in size was very active in the loose and kept his place. Marchmont's jumping in the line-out was very good and earned him a trial in the Second XV and Ament at lock improved splendidly so that his defence and covering were reliable. Barren at open side wing-forward was quickly up both in attack and defence. Cobb and Balkwi ll both propped well and Cobb's tackling and Balk will's falling were creditable. The pack, however, suffered from too frequent s ubstitution to be able to develop and perfect a pattern of play. The side played quite a number of unclassified games (against the Masters, R.A. , Shorncliffe, and Ca nterbury) and these gave opport unity for increasing experience and enjoyi ng a game of rugby (the la tter factor being frequently overlooked when a side is beaten), and it mattered little that weight and experience o ften proved too much to cope with. RllSULTS

v R.M .S., D over (Home). Won J 1- 3 v Kent College (H ome). Won 26-6 v Kent College (Away). Lost 11- 13 v St. Lawrence College (Home). Won 27-0 v St. Lawrence College (Away). Won 37- 0 v R .M.S., Dover (Away). Lost 8-18 Team: P. H. Holmes-Johnson; P. G. Kemp, D. G. Jones, W. E. J. Minns, A. T. Webb; R. T. Wigg, D. M. H uxley; J. B. C. Balkwill, M. Finburgh, A. C. R. Cobb, G. D. K. Marchmont, R. H . C. Croxford, J. E. Barren, P. C. Ament, M. R. B. Read. Also played: A. D . Lee-Elliott, A. A. Dunning, D. J . Evans, J . G. A. H eadley, J. D. Griffith, J. A. Kane, A. P. G. Stanley-Smith, J. R. A. Bird, R.N. Nash. The side extends its thanks to Mr. Wenley for his kind interest in its games. J.A.K.

THE CANTUA RIAN

THE COLTS' XV Played 9; Won 3; Drawn 0 ; Lost 6; Points for 51; Points against 73 The Colts have had a disappointi ng season with only three wins against six losses. At times they have played with considerable skill, especially in the match against Sutton Valence-but they have too often lacked a thorough and business-like determination. As the Foisted match showed, four minutes' relaxation can cost eleven points. Individually many of the forwards played well , especially Rudgard as hooker, Kemp in the second row and Wortley at open-side wing forward . However the pack was not big, and never played with sufficient fire to dominate their opponents. This was a pity as Ashcndcn and Broadley were highly efficient halves, and with Russell and Minns in the centre, there was plenty of speed, penetratio n, and skill outside. Those who have played regularly are: J. F. E. D . Hussey, L. Pitch, A. C . Russell, R. F. Minns (Captain), R. E. B. Mitton, J. N. Broadley, D. S. C. Ashcnclen, H. J. Rawlinson, C . 0. Rudgard, S. E. Cockcrscll, C. N. Kemp, R. Rowe, D. 0. O'Cicc, M. R. Kent, C. M.G. Wortley and C. R. Brown. Thanks are also due to those who were in the game but did not play for the side. Colts' Colou rs have been awarded to Minns, Rudgard, Ashenden, Broadley, Kemp and Wo rtley. RESULTS

R .M.S., D over v King's. Lost 3- 6 Kent College v King's. Lost 3-20 King's v Sutton Valence. Won 15- 5 Dover v King's. Lost 0- 12 St. Lawrence, Ramsgate v King's. Lost 6- 8 King's v St. Lawrence, Ramsgate. W on 15-0 Eastbou rno v King's. Lost 3- 11 King's v Foisted. Lost 3-11 King's v R.M.S., D over. Won 3- 0 J .S.H .

THE JUNIOR COLTS As usual in this term the team took some time to settle down. Before the right combination at both forward and outside was achieved two importa nt matches had been played and lost. By the time, however, that Sutton Valence was met a fairly efl'cctive pack had been found and the backs were able to push thei r advantage sufficiently to ga in in conOdence and penetration. Virtually the same s ide gained in cohesion by a stra ight-forward victory over D over College and was then ready to meet Eastbourno. Despite the score the team played well in this,match and scarcely moved from their opponents' goal-line in the last fifteen minutes. By this ~~intyf the term the defence had strengthened immeasurably a nd despite the loss of a valua ble centr~-qua rter in the following games no further points were conceded to the other team. It has been good to see progressively faster and more accurate tack ling and following up develop through the term and to see more intelligence and determination in attack. Despite the excellent perfo rmance of Tuohy in set serums the ball still sometimes, even a t the end of term, tended to come out too slowly from loose mauls and this in turn prevented a back line which alrc."'dy relied almost exclusively on the centre triangle for its penetration from doing as much as it might. Although the team as a whole has always played unselfishly and with understanding it must be said that Ayling, Maybury and Walford have always been outstanding in thei r speedy usc of the other team's mistakes at fo rward. Outside, Carey's safe handling and quick appreciation of opportunities have made him a most valuable link, while the speed and th rust o f Barber and Radcliffe have always been dangerous; Mulford supported them well on the wing and proved h imself an able substitute at centre when he was needed. For excellent kicking and defence Baxter and Pr itchard have always been noticeable, while the latter, who lacked only speed at serum-half did, in the last three matches, prove himself to be everyth ing a good wing forwa rd sho uld be. The enthusiasm and unselfishness o f those in the Junio r Colts game who were never selected fo r the team h as enabled, principally through very earnest practise matches, much progress to be made and new skills to be learned.

Jst XV 1956

P. W. Rollason, 1-1. A. Brown, J. A. G . Stewart, M. T. Thorburn, J. W. Boeckmann, M. J. Niblock , M. R. Jenner, C. M. J. Whiuington, T. N. Harke, B. D. Foord, B. A. Isbill, J . A. Turner, P. W. Niblock, A. J. Agnew (Captain), M. E. W. Vincent, J . Kearin.

THE FIRST XV AGA INST BLACKHEATH

THE CANTUA RIAN Carey, Pritchard, Barber and Walford have each captained the team in their equally valuable ways. The usual team has been: P. J. Ba)(tcr, A. R. Mulford, J. L. D. Radcliffe, C. R. Barber, J . P. D . Pattrick, R. M. K. Carey, W. M. Watson, M. J. Stevenson, M. R. Tuohy, M. R. Ayling, A. R. Maybury, M. R. Stockwell, J. L. Walford, K. R. Wilkins, G. C. Pritchard. D. A. H . Davies, D. M. Whewell and D. W. Horton have also played. J.A.S. J.G.O. Played 8; Won 4; Lost 3; D rawn I ; Points for 104; Points against 57 R.M.S., Dover v King's. Lost 18-0 King's v Kent College. Lost 8-19 St. Lawrence v King's. Drawn 6-6 King's v Sutton Valence. Won 31- 3 D over v King's. Won 3- 31 Eastbourne v King's. Lost 8- 0 King's v R .M.S., Dover. Won 9- 0 King's, Rochester v King's. Won 0-19

THE UNDER 14 XV The Under 14's had a satisfactory and promising season, scoring 58 points against our opponents' 31 points. The strength of the side has rested in a heavy and vigorous pack which has increased in efficiency with every match. Unequalled by any school in the tight serums and competent in the line-outs, their chief weakness has been in the loose where lack of experience has prevented the vital quick heel. Behind the serum there has never been sufficient weight or penetration to exploit the regular supply of the ball from serum and line-out. But the line has improved immeasurably since the beginning of term. A criticism of the side as a whole is that almost all have been content on occasions to stand and contemplate the ball without making an effort to play it. In the serum, special mention must be made of the C)(Ccllencc of the front row in the tight serums; the aggression of Gallwey in the loose; and the all round ability and consistency of Parsons. Lindley and Maycock have been a well balanced pair of halves; Lindley being probably tl1e most complete player in the side, and Maycock with excellent hands and the ability to take the ball on the move. Of the backs, McClelland has been swift and elusive in attack, but has a tendency to hang on to the ball too long ; McClure, who had not played n1gger before this term, has shown promise, and has been a fearless tac:;ler. At full -back Ba ker has fielded and kicked e)(cellently and has shown great promise. Finally Rudgard has been an able captain and number eight. Seven matches were played; it was unfortunate that of those lost, two, against R.M.S., Dover, our strongest opponents, were lost early in the season whi le the side was still ine)(pcricnccd. We thank Mr. Caswell for his assista nce early in the term, and Mr. Lindcsay who accompanied the team o n several away matches. The team has been: D. S. Baker; S. J . M. Barnctson, I. A. M. McClure, A. M. D. S. McClelland, B. E. Hayworth; W. D. Maycock, M. J. Lindley; R. II. Perciva l, A. K. P. Jackson, P. H. Gallwey, M. J. Parsons, C. H . Cavendish-Smith, J. Norris, II. A. Rudgard, P. D . Webb. The following have also played: W. J. Chcsshyre, H. W. Goldsmith, J. J. R. C. Harston. RESULTS

Oct.

6. 13. 27. 30. Nov. 3. Dec. 1. 8.

R.M.S. , Dover (Away). Lost 3- 17 Sir R. Manwood's (Away). Lost 3-8 R.M.S., Dover (Home). Lost 3-6 St. Lawrence, Ramsgate (Away). Won 29-0 Sutton Valence (Home). Won 6- 0 Kent College (Home). Won 8-0 King's, Rochester (Away). Won 6-0 P.l-I.W.G. 69

THE CANTUA Rl AN

HOUSE MATCHES The Senior Inter-House Final was played on Birley's o n December 5th, between Galpin's and Walpole. Galpin's with their sound pack and competent outsides overcame Marlowe and School House by respectable totals and were favoured to win, although Walpole had shown the strength o f their outsides in two hard struggles against Luxmoorc and Linacre. Galpin's struck early when Redpath scored, and Walpole were hard-hit when Yates had to be carried oil'; but they fought back splendidly and their serum suddenly became an effective fo rce. Their covering and tackling was superb though it fa iled to prevent Galpin's final try. After scores by Harke and Price, a copy-book fo rward passing movement was fi nished off by Stevenson. Walpole's scores came through a goal by Minns and a penalty by Kearin. This was a memorable fi nal played at a fas t. pace th roughout and it was excellently refereed by the Rev. J. H. Edmonds, paying o ne of his welcome visits to Canterbury. Galpin's won 12- 8. The Jun ior House F inal was won by Luxmoore, who beat Ma rlowe. T hanks to their serum, Luxmoore were able to smot her the dangerous Marlowe threequarters a nd won an untidy game by 8-5. Luxmoore won the Senior and J unior Leagues a nd Linacre were the run ners-up in both . ft was unfo rtunate that there was no t time fo r more than one round to be played, as second ro und clashes might have pro duced interesting resu lts. A 4th XV was produced from the leagues and played two matches at sho rt notice against the Kent College 3rd XV. The first game was lost by a narrow margin , chiefly because the selectors in trying to choose a few players from each league team without knowing their real standard eventually picked an untried, heterogeneous team. With the second match, no such mistake was made and an enthusiastic team won 9-0. As one player was overheard to remar k: "This deserves a printed notice".

.. THE CANTERBURY PILGRIM'S BOAT CLUB Once again the Pilgrims sent a crew to the Ser penti ne Regatta. This year we entered Junior-Senior eights. During the last weeks of the term, after all serious rowing had ceased at Plucks Gutter, the crew managed to make some progress under the coaching of Mr. N. H. Scott. A week after the end of term the crew moved to Twicken ha m. Here after rowi ng the boat up from P utney, the crew made creditable progress under the coach ing of C . J. Ament and on the T hursday night rowed the boat back to P utney for t ransport to the Serpent ine. On Friday the crew had a practice o uting wh ich went, as most outings do before a race on strange water, rather disappointingly. rn the eveni ng the crew were drawn to race against Midland Bank R.C. on the far station and Thames R.C. on the centre. The crew was fast off the start but we did not manage to gain anyth ing off the other crews. After about half a minute Thames started to draw away until they were half a length up with ourselves and Midland Bank level. The position remained unaltered unti l the ha lf-way mark, when the crew reached a good st ride and sta rted to look as if they might catch the leaders. 1t was then that fate took a hand and one of the bow members fel t hungry and decided to spend a little time fish ing. After he had been persuaded to conti nue the race, we were unfortunately two lengths down, but the crew set oR' again in fine style and rowed as it had never rowed before, managing to catch up considerably, to the surp rise o f the television commentator, who had imagined that by this time we would have had enough. Perhaps the result did not quite meet with our expectations, but in terms of enjoyment the crew as a whole could not have asked for a more profitable week, which came to a climax on the Saturday evening with a dance given by Mrs. Ament. We are very grateful to Twickenham Rowing Club fo r allowing us to use their club to row from, to London Rowing Club for ar ranging transport fo r the boat, to Mr. F rew for paying the cost of hiring an eight, to Mr. Scott for giving up his time to coach, and to Mr. a nd Mrs. Ament wi thout whom this would not have been possible. CREW.- J. C. G. Smith, bow; J. E. Bates, 2; A. T. Webb, 3; C. T. Davies, 4; P. F. Valpy, 5; J . R. Frcw, 6; J. B. C . Balkwill, 7; J>. C. Ament , s/roke; N.D. G illett, cox.

P.C.A.

... THE CANTUARJAN

CROSS-COUNTRY CLUB Captain: R. C. BOWEN Vice-Caplain: R. A. LEBISf.l Cross-country activities have been confined mainly to training, but with several trials we have increased our members and much new talent has been found. Unfortunately, activities were curtailed to some extent by Mr. Caswell's disability. However, we hope for good results in next term's large fixture list, which is as fo llows:Sat., Fei5. 2. South London Harriers (Home). Sat., Feb. 9. Blackheath Ha rriers and Dover College (Away). Sat., Feb. 16. Lancing College (Home). Thur., Feb. 21. Tonbridge (Away). Sat., Feb. 23. Harrow, Felsted, Highgate and Birkhampstead (Away). Sat., Mar. 2. Inter-Schools' Race and Blackheath Harriers (Away). Sat., Mar. 16. l nter-Schools' Race a nd South London Harriers (Away).

SQUASH RACKETS The standard of squash throughout the School is higher than ever. before, and it is refreshing to have so many contestants for the last places in the team. The School team is the best we have yet produced, with J . A. Turner and A. T. Webb outstanding. Both have had some good wins in School matches. The School lost early in the season to three very strong sides in Eton, Wellington and Felsted, but they have since beaten Westminster 5- 0 and the O.K.S. Matches against Merchant Taylors', Tonbridge and Dover College are still to come, and there will be an Under 16 Match next term in addition to the usual Tournaments and the House Matches. A considerable sum of money has been spent in renovating the Squash Courts, which are now in very good condition. Our thanks are due to Mr. Ball, who has spent many hours in giving invaluable coaching to the team and other members of the School, and whose hard work and enthusiasm has so increased the popularity of the game. Scores in the 0. K.S. match (School names first): D. W. Ball, Esq., beat P. Bauman 9- 2, 9- 3, 9- 5 J. A. Turner lost to A. N. Harvey 9- J, 3- 9,7- 9,9- 6,7- 9 A. T. Webb beat D. C. Moor 9- 7, 9- 5, 8- 10, 9- 2 A. J.D. Smith lost to R. Coll ingwood 8- 10, 3- 9, 7- 9 J. G. A. Headley lost to J. R. M. Harvey 2- 9,9- 2, 7- 9, 7-9 J. A. C. McElwee beat D. J . Loveridge 5- 9,9- 7, 9- 1, 9- 2 J. A. G. Stewart beat A. D. Jenkins 9- 0, 9- 3, 9- 3 M. R. Jenner beat R. H. C. Symon 9- 0, 9- 2, 9- 1 J.A.T.

BOXING Captain: J. KEARIN Hon. Secretary: N. J. BURNS The Boxing Club has been meeting this term twice weekly. The new boys appear to be the most promising that have entered the School fo r severa l years and under the guidance of Mr. Caswell and Mr. Sadler have a lready shown improvement. Prospects for the next term are good. With seven old colours interesting resu lts should be forthcoming from our fixtures which have been arranged against Tonbridge, Eastbourne, St. Lawrence, Ramsgate, and the City of London School.

J.K.

THE CANTUAR I AN

FENCING CLUB Captain: A. B.

SAVILE

This term we have been very pleased to welcome Professor Ma llard to help Mr. Milner in our training, which has been going ahead as well as can be expected in the Christmas Term. The number of new members has been encouraging, as has been our fi xture list for next term . lf we are to be successful, a great deal of hard work will need to be put in during the fi rst weeks of next term. To date, matches have been arranged with Eton, Harrow, Tonbridge a nd Eastbournc, and it is hoped that some of our senior members will enter fo r the coming Kent Schools' Championships.

SHOOTING The Shooting team has cont inued to improve, thanks again to R.S.M. Herbert's excellent coaching and enthusiasm. The main d ifficu lty as usual has been that so many ot her activities take precedence over shoot ing and limit the times fo r practice. The results of the matches this term a re:Under " N.S.R.A." conditions (maximum 800 points) 765- 722 We lost to Framlingham 765- 746 and to St. Paul's and under " Country Life" conditions (maximum 720 points) 574-584 We beat Bedford and lost to King's, Taunton 625- 584 and beat Oakham 632-663 Tonbridge have sent no scores yet for the last match in which we scored 662. We reached both extremes in o ur scores in the "Country Life" matches: 584 was abysmal, and 662 is, as far as we know, a new school record. We arc hoping to send a team of six to Bisley th is summer to compete fo r the Ash burton Shield (on the open range). At the beginning o r the term about forty new, and near-new, boys asked if they could join the Shooting Club. So, to coach junior members or the School keen on shooting, a Junior Shooting Club has been formed with eighteen members. The fo llowing have shot for the School this term :-R. K. Ho lt, R . A. Apcar, R. E. Li lly, R . T . Wigg, D. G. Jones, R. H. C. Croxford, N. Payne, J. M. Atkins, N. Devo il , C. J. B. Gallaher. R .K.H.

SOLUTION TO "DIVVERS" DIVERSIONS

Across.- 1, Pharisees; 6, Ride; 7, Gear; 8, Mad; 9, Lo ; 10, Lad ; J I , Up ; 12, Air ; 14, Time; 15, Jehu ; 17, Confirmee. Down.- 1, Paralytic; 2, Aids; 3, In ; 4, Ebed ; 5, Scripture; 7, Gad ; 8, Mar ; 10, Lie ; 12, Amen; 13, Helm; 16, Ai.

T H E CANTUARIAN

LEWIS PHILLIPE- A BIEDERMEIER PANEGYRIC To the R eader. It is not my intention to make an apology for my poem: some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive none. The design I am sure is honest: but he who draws his pen for one party must expect to make enemies of the other. ... For there is a sweetness in good verse which tickles even while it hurts. ... The commendation of adversaries is the greatest. triumph of a writer, because it never comes unless extorted. ... Were I the inventor, who am only the hist.orian, I should certainly conclude the piece with the reconcile11/ent of Absalom to David. ... The true end of satire is the amendment of vices by correction ..

Ln pious times, ere Froodom did begin, Before efficiency was held a sin, Men saw a new French Revolution bring Upon the throne of France a bourgeois king. Lewis was tough, outstanding in the boatHe knew that that was so, nor spa red to show't. In France kings may be made without a fight, Usurpers may usurp by Divine Right, And so our Lewis, while he looked askance, Suddenly found himself the King of France (Ah, reader, pray imagine his surprise, Staring at you through those bloodshot eyes); And round at once from Sens and Brittany Gather dull morons to a du ll nonentity. H is staunchest henchman Casimir was, Whose chiefest j oy was muscling round his boss; Steel were his sinews and his legs of rock, For he was of the true-blue F lemish stock ; Thick was his voice, his la ughter like a drain, Thicker his kidneys, yet more thick his brain. Let him but get his head in there and push: On went the scrummy regime with a rush. And when he went, what loss to King and Nation, When Casimir expired of constipation. RODERICK LEGRANGE.

THE CANTUARIAN

O.K.S. NEWS (The Honorary Secretary of the Association, M. J. H. Girting, 41 Connaug/11 Way, Tunbridge Wells, would /ike information/or inclusion in the O.K.S. News. CHANGES OF ADDRESS AND ALL ENQUIRIES REGARDING THE SUPPLY OF The Cantuarian TO O.K.S. SHOULD BE NOTIFTED TO liiM AND not TO THE EDITORS.) O.K.S. Suppers These are held at the Garrick Hotel, C haring Cross Road, on the first Wednesday of each month at 7 p.m. to 7.30 p.m. All O.K.S. arc very welcome. Details can be obtained from the London Secretary, W. C. Young, Fair Acres, Tydcombe Road, Warlingham, Surrey (Tel. Upper Warlingham 212 or Waterloo 5441). O .K.S. Dinner The Annual Dinner of the Association will be held at the Connaught Rooms on Friday, lith January, 1957. Any member who has not a lready applied for a ticket should do so to M. J. H. Girting without delay. O.K.S. News MAJOR D. J. B. JERVIS (1916-23) is now Chairman of " Princes", Sandwich, Golf Club Committee.

THE Rev. P. K. PAGETT (1908- 13) has been appointed Chaplain to the Lord Mayor of Bristol and of St. Mark's, the Chapel of the Lord Mayor. We congratulate J . R. M. HARVEY (1948-54) on being awarded a Kitchener Scholarship.

J. P. H. HUTTON (1933-43) is now living in Newcastle-upon-Tyne and saw A. G. O uSELEY-SMITH at the Royal Show. PATRICK LEIGH FERMOR ( 1929- 31), author, writes that his " Bread a nd Butter" letters in ancient Greek to his host after being a guest on an annual cruise of the Greek shipowner, Mr. Niarchos. D . LEPINE (1942-46), Direc tor of M usic a t Dean Close School, C heltenham, has become master in charge of the school magazine, the Decanian. We are flattered to k now that this is more or less modelled on The Cantuarian. R. G. D. M. BURR (1951- 56) has recently been st udying Chemistry at Brighto n Technical College. J.D. SuMMING (1941-44), who is working in the Department of Aborigines, Kua la Krai, Ulu Kelantan, Ma laya, spends six weeks in the deep jungle and then has a week's rest in Krai before returning to the jungle.

L. H. ATKINS is working in Sweden and lives on the eighth floor of a block of fla ts just outside Stockholm. H e writes that owing to the s ho rtage of o il they have no ho t water but still have the central hea ting on, though a t reduced heat. M. C. F. SANDER (1949-53) is doing a year's practical forestry near Chichester. M. W. R1GDEN (1945-49), who went to AustraHa on leaving school, started his life there as a Jackaroo in the N.W. area of Western Australia, i.e. a trainee livestock manager for big station runs of 500,000 acres carrying 15 to 20,000 sheep. He then went to the Stock and Wool Broking firm of Elder Smith and Co. Ltd., and is now the manager of their Pingclly branch. The company is the biggest in Australia, covering all states and in a variety of avenues. He finds the life interesting and varied and mostly o ut of doors. HARRY TURNOR (1939-4 1) and PETER B AUMAN (1945-53) are members of the same rifle club in Hastings. JAMES M. SKINNER (1951-55) has recently gone to Gibraltar on some months of practical work as a cable technician with Cable and Wireless Ltd., having recently completed a course at the Company's school at Porthcurno, near Land's End. In Gibraltar he will gain experience in developing part of the 147,000 miles of submarine cable network owned by the Company and the superimposed system of wireless circuits totalling 200,000 miles, which it operates.

H. P. FoROES ( 1945-48) is working for a Rubber Company in Ma laya. J. MONRO-HIGGS (1948-53) has been accepted by Cable and Wireless Ltd. and is now training at Portheurno. During the Summer Term he taught in a preparatory school.

THE

CANTUARIAN

RoNAI..D HOARE (1949- 55) has gone over to engineering and in the Long Vacation was gaining some experience in the manufacture of diesel engines at Peterborough. JOHN HEMURY ( 1949- 54) on coming out of the Army has taken a job in a smalllampshade firm while deciding what career to adopt. H. I. DucK (1946- 51) after being called to the Bar spent some time in the Chambers of Mr. Constantine Gallop, A.C., in order to gain practical experience and has now taken up his appointment at the Foreign Office. We offer him belated congratulations on being awarded last year a Scholarship at the Centre Europeen Universitaire, Nancy, where he obtained the DipiOme d'Etudes Superiures Europeencs at the end of his course. J. V. CoLUER (1936-40) is the Geophysicist with the Qatar Petroleum Company at Dukhan on the Persia n Gulf. S. J. CoLLIER (1950- 54) has finished his National Service in the Royal Artillery and is an engineering student with Messrs. W. H . Allen & Co. Ltd. of Bedford. D. M. P. PULLEN (1936-40) is considering taking up teaching. THE REv. G. V. DAVIES (1935-40) has been appointed Vicar of Leysdown with Harty, Sheerness. G. JANSON-SMITH (1920-24), formerly Director of Education of the Southern Provinces in the Sudan, is now teaching at Portchester Secondary School, Bournemouth, as he felt he had been tied up with paper work too long. An O.K.S. team entered for the Epsom Six-a-Side Hockey Tournament this year for the first time; they were drawn against Royal Artillery in the first round of the main tournament, but though defeated 2- 5 felt they were not disgraced. In the plate they got through the first round by beating Astolat (Guildford) 3- 1, but in the second lost to the ultimate winners, Avorians. No goals were scored in this game but the O.K.S. lost because they had a short corner given against them! R. BuRT, J. P. ALLCHURCH, J. BOLLOM, M. MALLINSON, E. C. H. BUTCHER and J. LANCAS~IIRE played for the O.K.S. B. H. LEE was playing for St. Thomas's. R. J. TURK, A. J. GREY, C. J. TAPPIN and E. H. CORNELIUS were also at Epsom for the day. N.C. G. RAFFLE (1947-53) played in the English trial on December 15th. R. N. B. THOMAS ( 1947-54) stroked one of the Oxford trial eights.

P. J. ALLEN (1949- 55) has again been acting with the Elizabethan players at the British centre in Berlin. He took the part of Macduff in a production of Macbeth in November. N. F. GORDON-WILSON (1929-40), we understand, is acting as aide-de-camp to Field Marshal Sir John Harding in Cyprus. We congratulate D AVID WALLER (1944-47) on his marriage on 11th A ugust last. He and his wife are now living at 41 Border Road, Hcswall, Cheshire.

I N THE SERVICES CAPTAIN C. B. PRATT, R.N. ( 1921 - 24) has been appointed Naval Attache at Rio de Janeiro. The appointment carries with it also the duties of Military, Air and Civil Air Attache, so his time should be fully occupied. PILOT OFFICER GEOFFREY G. JONES (1949- 53) passed out 6th from R.A.F. College, CranweJI, and hopes to go on to Chivenor to find out a ll about H unters. He has won a representative place in the Flying Training Command Fencing Team in sabre and epee and has also done a lot of gliding. He has recently met P. J . HousTON, who is at R.A.F., Kirton. D. C. W . TowNSii ENo ( 1950- 54) has been posted to Cyprus in the R.A. CoLONEL G. LE F. PAYNE ( 1925-29) has been promoted Brigadier and appointed to command the Central Ordnance Depot at Chilwell, near Notti ngham. J. EvANS (1949-54), who is doing his National Service in the Navy, ftew from Malta to appear before an Officers Board. 75

THE CANTUA RlAN D. J. SNOXALL ( 1946-52) is with the R.A. at Shorncliffc, and is not now going to the Middle East as he expected. A. R . A. VmTCII (195 1- 56), serving with the Beds./Herts. Regiment, has been selected for the R.M.A. Sandhurst, which he will enter in January. J . P. BURBRIDGE ( 1946-50) and P. J. S. FURNEAUX (1951 -56) have been selected for National Service commissions. CAPTAIN C. M. BRENNAN ( Royal lnniskillings) (1947- 52) is a ttached to the Special Branch, Kenya Police. When he wrote he had just been doing a week's climbing on Mount Kenya- his first opportunity of enjoying the mountain on a purely recreational safari. Previo usly he had only known it when hunting the Mau Mau. He had just met COLI N WATKINS (1950-55), once his fag and now rather larger than himself. Colin is a cadet in the police fo rce. C live Brennan a nnounces that he is engaged but docs not give us sufficient details for a forma l an nou ncement. He hopes to be married in February. P. J. SARGENT (1952- 56) is doi ng his National Service in the Roya l Marines. D . G . BARnER ( 195 1- 56) is commissioned and is with the 4th Royal Tanks in Germany. He seems to be enjoying life and very shortly after joining won a regimental trials half-mile to the astonishment of himself and everyone else. When he wrote in July he was in hospital as a result of not being able to stop a motor-bike and thus collidi ng with a brick wall. CAPTAINS. A. R . CAWSTON (1938-43) has held a Staff appointment with the lOth Armoured Division in Tripoli a nd is now on his way home for a Staff College Course. A year o r so ago he took a law degree at Cambridge and then the Bar Final a nd has since taken a high place in an Arabic course in Lebanon. G. A. MtCKLEilURGH (1950-56) is with the 2nd Training Battalion R .E.M.E., and hopes soon to go before W.O.S.B. R . WHtTilLEGG (1952- 56) is with the Gunners at Oswestry, as is C. Q. JAMES (1951 - 56), although they are in different regiments. N. C. G . RAFFLil (1947- 53) is in the Roya l Engineers and met Mr. Darl ington's son in his first Army Unit. Nick hopes to be stationed at Chatham in the New Year and to see something of the School while he is there. N. StMUNEK (1952- 55) is in the Coldstrcam Guards at Caterham. W. N. WENBAN-SMmt ( 1950-55) writes that his ship was sent to intercept the Empire Chubb when it was thought to have been seized by a mutinous crew, but the sea rch was brought to an end when they received a s ignal that the s hip was just entering Grand Harbour, Malta. This incident is of particular interest to us when we lea rn that the Captain of the Empire Chubb is an uncle o f J. R. M. H AIWUY (1 94854). We understand that Wenban-Smith has been sent home fo r a Commission Boa rd, but we have not heard from him since. P. B. HARDING ( 1950- 55) is a sergeant in the R .A.E.C. BRtGADIIlR J. M. F. CARTWRIGIIT, C.B.B., late R.A. ( 1918- 22) has been placed on the retired list. C. P. CowPER ( 1950- 53) gained his wings and was commissioned in the R.A.F. at Cambridge in August. LIEUT. P. H. P. GuMM, R.M. ( 1943-47) was appointed to H. M.S. Royal Prince in September. MtCHAEL PowELL (191 6-19) was co-directo r with Emeric Pressburger of the fi lm chosen fo r the Royal Film Performance, The Bailie of the River Plate. K. S. ROBINSON ( 1951 - 55) entered the R. M.A . Sandhurst in September. LIEUT.-COL. A. E. C. BREDJN, o.s.o., M.C. (1920- 29) rel inquished command of the l/6th Gurkha Rifles in Malaya last J une and in October took over the 156 T.A. Infantry Brigade, 52 (Lowland) Division with the rank of Brigadier. His headqua rters arc at Lanark. H e and his brother, LIEUT.-COL. H. E. N. BREDIN, o.s.o., M.C. ( 1929- 34) met in Cyprus when he was on his way home. In Malaya he had some correspondence with D. A. SoMERVILLE ( 1917- 27), Acting Brit is h Adviser, Johore, and met MAJOR J. M. 0. RoBERTS, M.C. (1930-34), 2nd Gurkha Rines. C. A. MANNING-PRESS ( 1944-49) is stat ioned in Malta and is organist a nd choirmaster of the garrison church at Sliema. He is studying for the entrance examination to the Staff College, which he hopes to take in 1958,

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THE

C ANTUAR J AN

R. G. ADAMS ( 1950-55) and R. Joo (1951 - 55) are both serving in H.M .S. Royal Charlolle at Kiel. The la tter writes enthusiastically about the new Opera House there. He thinks Kiel is a fine place with every sort of amenity, cultural and otherwise and is impressed with the style in which the centre of the town, which was almost completely destroyed, has been rebuilt. J . C. TRICE ( 1950- 56) is with the 1st Training Battalion R .E. M.E. a t Blandford in Dorset. The first person he saw there on his arrival was FLASIIMAN (1951- 55), now a Second Lieutenant. D. E. MELLISH (1949- 55) is also in Dorset, but with the R.A.C., driving experimental tanks, which he seems to enjoy. D. D . JEVONS (1950- 56) and B.S. SALMON (1947--53) arc training to be Acting Pilot Officers and hope to pass out in the New Yea r. They find life very fu ll a nd enjoyable (especially the dances on Saturday even ings). They congratulate the School on the petition it sent to the Dean. We were glad to see the following O.K.S. during Speech Day week-end in July:- G. M. HousDEN ( 1915- 22), E. H. P. CIIARGE ( 1926- 3 1), .J . P. Moss ( 1950 55), P. R. H. ELUorr (19 14- 22), D. H. ELUO'rf ( 1945- 5 1), P. C. llLACKOURN ( 1946-52), J . S. LINNELL (1 9 15- 20), R. A. T. ANDERSON ( 19 11- 15), D. RYELAND ( 1946- 53), D. K . JOII NSON ( 1940- 45), D . A. VENNER ( 1935- 39), A. N. HARVIlY (1950- 55), J. M. BARAGWANATII (1949 55), M. J . FOUNTAIN ( 1949- 53), W. J . LANCASIIIR!l ( 1945- 53), C. J. TAPPIN (1950- 53), D. CwT ( 1947- 53), H. D. TYMMS ( 1946-5 1), W. T. M. BuRR ( 1936-39), A. D. M. BuRR ( 1940-45), C. B. J ERRAM ( 1905- 09), J. D. NmL (1920- 26), C. H. BUDD ( 1899- 1904), T. S. ADAMS (1892- 1904), H . ST. J. GRANT ( 1935- 40), J. W. NORTON ( 1947- 53), J. DE V. ALLEN ( 1947- 55), J .D. B. WALKER ( 1950- 55), B. E. MON ~Y ( 190 1- 07), C. H. MCCLEERY ( 1946-52), C. N. R YAN (1906- 11), H. S. TuRNOR ( 1939-41), T. H . Aucorr ( 1948- 55), C. P. LARDNER ( 1945- 55), D. HuSSEY ( 1907-12), R. H . C. SYMON (1948- 54), P. H. Moss ( 1947- 53), II. D. TOWNEND (1905- 10), D . J. D. JERVIS ( 191 6-23), B. COOI'ER-POOLE (1918- 22), D . S. BLUNT ( 19 11- 19), M. J. H. GmwNG (1927- 33), G. J. RANDS (1940-43), J. PESOIEK (1940-43), A. T . STAFFORD ( 1945-48), T. P. NICHOLSON ( 1949- 55), I. MACPHERSON ( 1946-5 1), F. J . BERRY (1939-42), P. BROWN (1944-47), J. E. INGLETON (1947- 52), D. L. EDWARDS (1942- 47), E. R . G. J on ( 195 1- 55), D. J. N. LEE (1906-10), W. C. YouNo (1929- 38), K. D. WILK INSON (1949- 54), W. R. MOWLL (19 19- 27), D. J. C. SNOXALL ( 1946-52). The following have also signed the O.K.S. Book during the present term :- T. V. SCRIVENOR ( 1920- 27), G. c. VALPY (1891- 96), G. A. BURTWELL (194 1- 45), A. D. H . PATERSON (1935-40), A. E. c. BREDIN (1920- 29), H . GOLDSMITH ( 1919- 23), R . M.s. CORK (1943-48), J. L.A. G IMBLETT ( 1947- 52), H. J . WENBAN ( 1913- 17), P. A. GOULDSOURY ( 1928- 37), M. L. H. 8URNEIT (1911- 17), B. E. HOOPER (190 1- 12), P. w. LINE (1948- 5 1), H. SPENCE (1904- 11 ), J. E. A. BAKER ( 1924-26), E. L.A. WAITS ( 1929- 33), T. H. PARES (1942-47), G. REED (19 17- 22), T. L. IREMONGER ( 1930- 34), R. H. C. SYMON ( 1948- 54), B. J. SPILLER (1923- 26).

O.K .S . Golfing Society The O.K.S. Autumn Meeti ng was held at Canterbury Golf Club on Saturday, October 6th, 1956, the chief competition being fo r the Ca ptain's Prize. The results were as follows:G. Arnold 83 less 7 - 76 (Wins on last 9) N. V. Bacon 80 less 4 - 76 H. L. S. Pearse 92 less 12 = 80 J . Bennett 87 less 6 = 8 1 87 less 5 = 82 F. R . H amp N. Phil pott 93 less 9 - 84 R. N. Sutton 90 less 6 = 84 J . C. Corbcn 94 less 9 = 85 ln the afternoon a match was played against the School and the Masters which resulted in a win for the O.K.S. by 6 matches to I, a pair of local members making up the Masters' team. The results were as follows:Bacon & Philpot (3 & I) I Guard & Thorpe 0 I G. Arnold & Jervis (7 & 6) Parry & Mr. Ball 0 0 Mr. Mackintosh & W illiams (5 & 4) I Bennett & Ha re I Moir & Haliburton ... P. Arnold & Sutton (2 & I) 0 I Mr. J. Sugden & Gray J. Brett & Rycland (3 & 2) 0 I CorÂ·bcn & Hamp (7 & 6) Mr. K. A. Gross & Arnold 0 I McA rdle & Mr. Stanger Pearce & Grindal (2 & I) 0

.. THE C ANTUARIAN 1'he Cantuarian Lodge The Cantuarian Lodge of Freemasons held its Installation Meeting on 26th April when the Master for 1955- 56, J. S. Linnell (19 15- 20) installed D . A. Venner ( 1935- 39) as Master. The following were invested as officers at the same mceting:J. V. Kent ( 1925- 35), D. Kirby Johnson (1940-45), A. Fox Male ( 1925-26), J. A. G. Stonehouse 1944-50), R. W. Allison (1936-40), R. A. T. Anderson (191 1- 15), D. F. Kellie (1909- 11), J. R. Pearson (19 16-19), P. G. Reynolds, E. Oliver Harris ( 1918- 22). The July meet ing was, as usual, held at Canterbury. This annual visit provides members with the welcome opportunity to revisit the School. R. A. Finn (19 16- 25), who was unable to be present at the April meeting, was invested as a n officer at this meeting. We continue to have o ur friend ly association with the Old Lawrentia n Lodge, the Old Dovorian Lodge and the Old Cranbrookian Lodge. We a re always pleased to welcome members of these Lodges when they visit us. For some time the Lodge has been considering maki ng a presentation for the new Assembly Hall. Altho ugh, at the time of writing, a Onal decision has not been made, it is hoped that we shall be able to present a suitable clock. We a rc very pleased that we still have the support of twelve found er members, although unfortunately we do not see as much of some of them as we should like. O.K.S. who are members of other Lodges may be interested to know that our regular meetings arc held at the Kingsley Hotel, Bloomsbury Way, London, W.C.l, on the fourth Thursday in February, April and September, a nd the third Wednesday in November. The Canterbury meeting is held in addition to these. Should a ny information be required about the Lodge, enquiries should be addressed to: R. A. T. Anderson, Esq., 18 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, S.W.I.

ENGAGEMENTS LocK- WALBOEFFE-Wt LSON.- Major E. M. Lock, R.A. (1935-40), son of the late Commander W. W. Lock, R.N. ( 1897- 1900) to Joan Wa lbocffe-Wilson. PRICE- HOWELL.- E. S. Price ( 1928- 39) to Babelle Doria Howell. PMES- ANAIJLE.- Captain T. H . Pares, lt.A. ( 1942- 47) to Mary Johan Anable. SMITII- LOWE.- 1-1 . A. Smith (1947- 53) to Evian Frances Merer Lowe. WYLSON- Cox.- A. J. Wylson ( 1945-48) to Patricia Margaret Cox.

MARRIAGES HuonARD- SitAW.- Captain K. B. C. .I htbbard (1942-46), 3rd The King's Own Hussars, to Miss 0. Shaw. McMtLLAN- WATKINS.- M. D. McMillan (1946-49) to Dr. G. Watkins on July 7th, 1956.

BI RTHS BROWN.- On 5th May, 1956, to Sybil, wife of C. R. B. Brown (1938- 13), a son, Richard Bridgmore. ROUTH.- On 12th October, 1956, to Mary, wife of Lieut. R. H. C. Routh, R.M. (1943-47), a daughter, Jo hanna.

DEATHS EGERTON-JONES.- On 3rd December, 1956, Hugh Gwyn Egerton-Jones ( 1921 - 26), elder son of Mr./\. A. Egerton-Jones, assistant master ( 1919-47). TtLMAN.- On 8th November, 1956, Barry Tilma n ( 1953), aged 17 years. ROWAN-ROiliNSON.- On 8th November, 1956, Colo nel John Rowan Rowan- Robinson, o .s.o. (1885). 78

THE C ANTUAR!AN

OBITUARY

.. ...

G. F. HOWELL ( 1903-08) Colonel Matheson wri tes:Many O.K .S. and everyone else who knew him will deeply mourn the passing of G. F. Howell at his farm in S.W. Africa on 7th August, 1956, of heart failure. Eric I l owell did not achieve the kind of fame the School has occasion to honour at times, but I do not know anyone who was so much loved and held in such genuine affection by all and sundry, both at School and all his life. I ' alue a close personal friendship with him, and how his memory, more highly than I can possibly express. Everyone gained something from contact with Eric and no one could resist his charm. He had a special brand of humour all his own, an essential part of his personality. He laughed a lot at himself and with everyone else, never with malice. H is descriptions of masters and their doings and of ot her School and Cathedral characters of our time were inimitable. Rugger was definitely not his game, but I stil l reca ll his imitations of himsel f as a dash ing wi ng three-quarter bei ng tried for the 2nd XV, sco ring innumerable bril liant (imaginary) tries at the expense of many burly opponents carried off the field seriously injured !! (Eric was too I ight for the game and played soccer at Oxford). However, he excelled at cricket , was in the X I for four years and Captain for two. He was Captain of Games in 1907. In World War I, he gained a commission in the 60th Rines, and was severely wounded in France. In 19 19 he went out 10 South Africa and later took up land in South-West Africa, where he tllrned a waterless desert into one of the largest and most prosperous farms in that region. In the Second World War he raised a Battalion. He was to have retired shortly and we \\ere all looking forward so much to his return, possibly in 1957. Eric was truly great in the quality of his spirit and personality, and is one of whom the School- to which he was much attached- can be justly proud. Our deepest sympathy goes out to his widow. GERALD STANLEY PR EST (1898- 1902) Gerald Stanley Prest, the eldest son of Stanley F. Prest, was born at Barrow-in- Furness in 1884. He came to the School from the Abbey School, Beckenham, Kent, in September 1898, and left at the end of the Summer Term in 1902. After leaving, he served his time at Manchester, Middlesboro' and Armstrong College, Newcastle, to qualify as an Engineer. In 1909 he became a Departmental Manager with Eley Brothers Limited, and during the First World War was Manager of the Ammunition D epartment and Shot Factory, being responsible for the output of the famous Pommeroy tracer bullet. In 19 19 he became Sales M anager of the Ammunition, Gunpowder and Shot Department of Nobel Industries Limited (subsequently Imperial Chemica l Industries Limited) and in 1922 he was made L ondon Representative of C. A. Parsons & Company Limited, the turbine manufactu rers of Newcastle-on-Tyne. During the Second World War he served with the Ministry of Supply. H e retired a few years after the War and went to l ive at East bourne, where he died on the 23rd February, 1956. He leaves a widow and a son and daughter. Mrs. J>rest has very kindly promised to provide a set of masters' chairs for the Great H all as a memorial to her husband. BRI GADIER W. H . EVANS ( 1889-94) We learnt with regret of the death of Brigadier William Harry Evans, c.s.1., C. I.E., o.s.o., on Tuesday, 13th November, at the age of 80. Brigadier Evans was born in 1876 at Shillong in Assam , the son of General Sir H orace Moule Evans, K.c.n. He entered King's in 1889 and won a junior scholarship in 1890 and a senior one in 1892. He left in 1894, having made his mark on the School as an intellectual of great thoroughness and perseverance. These qualities, it would seem, showed themselves later in his exhaustive studies in nawral history. He was at the R .M .A ., Woolwich, from 1894-96 and left as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Engineers. He saw active service wi th the Somal iland Field Force in the campaign 1902- 04 and was twice mentioned in dispatches. Serving throughout the 1914- 18 War, he was awarded the D .S.O. and was mentioned in dispatches five times. In 1927 he was appointed Chief Engineer, Western Command, at Quetta. In 193 1 79

THE

CA NTUAR I AN

he retired and completed his works on the lepidotera, concerning which we quote Mr. Francis Hemming's review of his life work , printed in The Times o f Wed nesday, 21st November:Âˇ'The death of Brigadier H ar ry Evans, briefly announced in your issue of N ovember 17, is a severe blow to all students o f the Lepidoptera, a group of i nsects on which he was an outstanding authority. His first paper ( 1910) was concerned with the butterfl ies of the Palni H ills, and it was to various aspects of the butterflies o f India that his work was directed during the next 30 years. As a young officer at the beginning of his career he was much impressed by the chaotic state o f the literature and he determined to remedy this deficiency by publishing a revised list of the butterflies of India. T o this task he devoted his leaves from India, exa mining all ava ilable " types" at the British Museum (Nat ural History) and elsewhere. Evans's " List" appeared in 19 12 and was a great advance on anyth ing previously published. H e follo wed this up by preparing keys for the identification of all the butterflies known to occur in I ndia. After appearing in instalments in the Jouma/ of rhe Bombay Narural Hisrory Sociery these were publ ished in book form in 1927 under the title The !denrifica rion of Indian Brurerf /ies. The success of this work was instantaneous; so much so that it quickly went out o f print and it became necessary in 1932 to issue a further edition revised, where necessary, to take account of advances in knowledge during the preceding fi ve yea rs. Already by this time Evans had become especially attracted to the "Skipper" butterflies, a large cosmopolitan group, the classification of which offered great difficulties and was badly in need of revision. T o this task he devo ted the remainder of his life. With characteristic thoroughness he set himsel f to examine the types o f every described species and on the basis of the information so obtained to build up a system of sou nd morphologica l characters. In this work Evans had the wa rm support of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum by whom all his work in this field was published. The work , the last part of which was completed in 1955, immediately. secured a unique position in the literat ure of lepidopterology."

CORRESPONDENCE The Grange, The Mint Yard, Canterbury.

To rhe Edirors of THE

CANT UARIAN

D ear Sir, After the trouble this term, I wish to call attention to the unsatisfactory arrangements for the seating of the school for house plays and simi lar functions. Not being a member of the Upper Sixt h or a House Monitor, I am forced either to rush over to t he C hapter H ouse with the fags immediately after supper in a manner, to say the least, undignified or to have an extremely bad seat at the back. l am well aware of the trouble in seating the numbers of people who attend these functions i n the Chapter H ouse, and I have been made even more aware o f the advantages that the new A ssembly Hall will offer . H owever, immediate alleviation of the problem could result from a reversion to the old system of line-ups. These could be either conducted by houses or in order of seniority. The latter is by far preferable, but when the former is employed, houses should take it in turns to go in first. Y ours sincerely, P. C. AMENT.

To !he Edilors of THE

CANTUARI AN

Dear Sirs, We have all seen how rapidly the standard of drama in the School has risen during the last few years, owing in large measure to the talent o f our producers. Could not, therefore, a play put on entirely by the staff be included in the annual cycle of entertainment? Although we are fully aware o f the everincreasing academical preoccupations that burden the staff, the idea has been successfully realised in ot her schools and would be welcomed by us. King's has achieved the impossible; can we not now go ahead to achieve the possible? Yours faithfully, C. H . BAYSTON .

S. E.

ALLARD.

I ~

THE C ANTUARlAN

f Number One, The Grange.

..~

To the Editors of THE CANTUARIAN Dear Sir, It is a deplorable fact that the School has so little chance of debating, for it is not possible for individuals to express their views on the events of the moment , events which aiTect every educated person. In a world where success depends ever increasing ly on the abi lity to express a point of view coherently, convincingly, and before an audience, this School makes no attempt to foster the Art of Oratory in its members. Oratory is a skill resting almost entirely on practice, and it is impossible to gain even a mediocre ability without experience. At present there is no real means of obtaining that experience. The Tentcrden Society held one debate in a thirteen week term. Excellent though this was, it is to be regretted that no member of the School made a contribution other than in spontaneous outbursts from the floor of the House. The fact that at present there is no means by which a member of the School can take part in a regular series of debates is in my opinion wholly indefensible. Yours faithfully, MARK D UNN.

39 Heavy Regiment R./\., Perham Down, Hampshire. 12th December, 1956.

The Editors o[THE CANTUARIAN Sirs, We feel very strongly how discourteous it is to the School, and to the XV in particular, when the O.K.S. are unable to produce a complete and representative team to play them, as occurred last week. If we cannot raise a team we should never attempt to play the match. One of the few ways the O.K.S. have of showing their interest in the School is through their annual fixtures, and if these arc to degenerate any further they seem bound to disappear. The responsibility for this regrettable tendency lies not only with the Association but also with individual O.K.S. who do not make themselves available. We suggest that captains arc selected well in advance to raise teams, and, to help them, organisers well in touch with the movements, and abilities of O.K.S. should be appointed, possibly at the School itself. This is only one way in which the Association has failed in its task: to be an active suppo rt to the School, keeping Old Boys informed about the School and in touch with each other. Perhaps if we can organise our teams better, it may lead to im provements in these other fields. Yours faithfully, c. N. LAINE (K.S. 1950-56) C . B. STROUTS (K.S. 1941- 56)

OUR CONTEMPORARIES The Editors acknowledge with thanks the receipt of the following magazines, and apologize for any omissions:Ampleforth Journal, The Benenden School Magazine, The Cheltenham Ladies' College Magazine, The Cholmeleian, The City of London School Magazine, The Crmtbrookian, 11te Decanian, The Dovorian, St. Edward's School Chronicle, The Elizabethan, The Epsomian, The Felstedian, The Forttm, The Glenalmond Chronicle, The Grange Newsleller, The Gresham, The 1/aileyburian and !.S. C. Chronicle, The Ke/11 College Magazine, The King's School Magazine, The Lancing College Magazine, The Lore/Ionian, The Malvemian, The Meteor, The Mill Hill Magazine, The Milner Court Chronicle, The Ousel, The Radleian, The Reptonian, The Roedean School Magazine, The Salopian, The School Tie, The Stonyhurst Magazine, The Stortfordian, The Tonbridgicttt, The Wellingtonian, The Worksopian.

CONTENTS PAOB

EDITORIAL ...

THE SCHOOL

SALVETE

VALETE

VIRTUTE FUNCTT MORE PATRUM DUCES

THIS AND THAT ...

THE ST. MARK PASSION

FORESTRY . . .

THURSDAY NIGHT AT EIGHT

A HISTORY OF THE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

ANGRY YOUNG MEN

OFF THE SLEEVE...

102

A SKETCH ...

104

SOLITUDE: AN ODE

106

HOW FAR SHOULD AN ARCHITECT HAVE REGARD TO PAST STYLES IN DESIGNING A CONTEMPORARY BUILDING? ...

107

THE BALLAD OF THE BAD SPRING

114

EDUCATION: A REPLY ...

115

CENSORSHIP

117

THE ABILITIES OF AN ELECTRONIC BRAIN

119

R ICHARD JOHNSON: A 17TH CENTURY HEADMASTER

121

A STUDY OF THE BELLS OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL

123

"GODOT"

126

OXFORD LETTER ...

127

HOUSE PLAYS

130

THE MUSIC CIRCLE

132

THE CHOIR ...

134

THE LffiRARY

135

"CROSSED REFERENCES"

135

THE SOCIETIES

136

C.C. F. NOTES

140

HOCKEY

141

RUGGER

1Â« Collfinued overleaf

PAGE

ATHLETICS ...

145

CROSS-COUNTRY CLUB

148

THE BOAT CLUB ...

149

SQUASH RACKETS

150

FENCING

151

BOXING SHOOTING CLUB ...

151 151

THE CANTUARIAN LODGE

152

O.K.S. NEWS

153

OBITUARIES

158

CORRESPONDENCE

159

OUR CONTEMPORARIES

160

FROM THE JUNIOR SCHOOL ...

160

ILLUSTRATlONS :frontispiece

THE GREAT HALL FROM THE GREEN COURT

100

"WHAT SHOLDE HE STUDIE AND MAKE HYMSELVEN WOOD .... "

101

HOCKEY Xf, 1957

140

G. C. VALPY, 1891- 96

141

D. J. ÂŁvans

THE CANT.UARIAN VOL. XXVII

No. 2.

APRIL,

1957

EDITORIAL Once again The Cantuarian does its best to bring to the School and its many friends and Old Boys an account, which by tradition is partly an official history and partly a self-portrait of the School during the past term. Some will turn only to the necessarily short records of sport, games, academic successes, and the proceedings of societies and houses. Others will enjoy reading of the latest honour or progeny of an older contemporary. Others again will be attracted by the contributed articles and poetry, which in themselves go some way towards portraying the character and interests of the School. What sort of a self-portrait does all tl1is amount to? It is a selfportrait, in barest outline. The School cannot help giving itself away, for better or worse, in its magazine. It does so in the traditionally ambitious scope of The Cantuarian: for ours is certainly an ambitious school, which likes to tackle many different and difficult projects, and to succeed in them all. The Cantuarian also suggests that the School is deeply interested in its own past, and in the wider contemporary scene. It suggests that not a few, but rather most boys are, as it were, heavily and successfully engaged on several fronts at once; and that, varied as these fronts may be, the influence of the Cathedral as a source of i nspirati.on is rarely absent.

THE CANTUARIAN

But when all is said, The Cantuarian remains little more than a rough sketch for a portrait which can never be painted in full-at any rate for those readers who had no part in the events recorded. Only rowing people know of the "needles" before a race, the long period of training and toughening, or the deep satisfaction of a race well rowed. The unforgettable jubilation at the first, brilliant try scored against a favourite rival will never be written: ,nor will the rehearsals, arguments, late nights of scene building, the panic and joyful chaos and exhausted satisfaction which are the recipe for a House Play. But for those who were there, the short, bald account is as heavy as a honey-bee with the sweetness of recollection- which is why they read H. And the Hall- for we shall not keep silent about the Hall- is eloquent of this same contrast. In years to come it will always be a very fine school hall-one of the finest in the land-and the most important architectural addition to the Precincts for some centuries past. More than one account has been and will be written of it, from different points of view- aesthetic, financial, technical. Another chronicler will record every splendid detail of the Royal Visit and opening ceremony. But for us, who are now of the School, the Hall itself speaks of other intimate things, of many mixed emotions to be recollected in tranquillity. Shall we ever forget the unfolding of this great project: the arguments about the site, the sheer chaos in the Palace Court, traditionally so tidy: the ruthless crashing of the pile drivers as the unbelievable foundations took shape: then each new stage, the brickwork, the flint squares, the facing, the tiling-and all the discussions and shaking of heads over shapes and colours and sizes: the cupolas- how the wise ones shook their heads over the cupolas! : then the removal of the scaffolding, and the general relief. For we cared about these things, and they had to be right. With such thoughts in mind, it is only necessary for us to record thatthe Great Hall is built.

THE CAN TUARIAN

THE SCHOOL Head Head Head Head Head Head Head H ead

Captain of School: M. E. W. VINCENT, K.S. H . A. BROWN of The School House ... J. R. FREW of The Grange ... ]. B. C. BALKWILL of Wa lpole House of Meister Omers M. E. W. VINCENT, K.S. J. A. G. STEWART of Luxmoore H ouse of Galpin's House T. C. J. CHENEVIX-TRENCH, K.S. of Linacre House 0. R. F. DAVIES, K.S. of Marlowe House C. M. J. WHITTI NGTON, K.S.

MONITORS M. E. w. VINCENT, K.S., c. M. J. WHITTINGTON, K.S., 0. R . F. DAVIES, K.S., T . c. J. CHENEVIX-TRENCH, K.S., H . A. BROWN, J. B. c. BALKWILL, J. R. FREW, J. A. G. STEWART, P. F. VALPY, 1. s. Mc DoNALD, K.s., A. J. AGNEW, I. c. PoTTER The School House: The Grange : Walpole House: Meister Omers: Luxmoore H ouse: Galpin's House: Linacre House: Marlowe House:

HousE MONITORS A. J. D . SMITH, M. D . DELLER, F. J . GILES B. D. FooRD, D. P. Buc HA N, B. K. JEFFERY, K.S., C. C. W. ADAMS, K.S. M. R. B. R EAD, E. A. J. GARDENER, R . K. HOLT A. P. G. STANLEY-SMITH, G . A. G. KIDD, K.S., A. P. AYLING, K.S., N. G. BURBRIDGE, P. J . FORD, J. A. TURNER J. C. L. FooT, K.s., M. R. A. MATTHEW, M. P. F. PLUTTE, D. J. EVANS, K.S., D . PARTRIDGE, N.c. ATTWATER R.I. BAKER, K.s., A. J. R EDPATH, K.s., M. J. PRICE, K.s., D. C. C. STEVENSON, K.S., R . BEAUGIE J.P. Roc HE, K.S., D. J. MORTIMER, P. W. NIBLOCK, M. G. SAYER, K.S., A. N. A. BROWNER, K.S., R . B. HORTON, K.S. A. B. A. STEARS, K.S., P. D. ELvv, J . P. GREEN, K.S., P. A. CAMPBELL, A. A. DUNNING, K.S., R. M. H ARVEY, K.S.

Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain

of Rugger of Boats of Hockey of Athletics of Boxing of Squash Racquets of Cross-Country of Fencing The Cantuarian: Editors: THE CAPTAIN OF SCHOOL, 0. R . F . DAVIES, K.s., T . C. Sports Editor : P. W. NIBLOCK Secretary: H. A. S. BANCROFT

A.]. AGNEW P. F. VALPY l. C. POTTER J. A. TuRNER J. A. KEARIN J. A. TURNER R. C. BOWEN A. B. SAVILE

J. CHENEVIX-TRENCH, K.s.

I I

THE CANTUARIAN

SALVETE S. M. Band, C. Barker, R . F. Bellamy-Brown, R. D awson, R . J. Dibley, H. R . Fair, F. R. Hammersley, C. A. R . L. Kinghorn, M. H. Lane, J . St. C. Lecky, S. J. Mawford, R. F. Morcom-Harneis, G. D. M. Parry, A. R . Potter, T. D. Ratcliff, A. M . Roche, S. C. Sherman, A. A. Simpson, M. J. Stanley, A. C. Stewa rt, B. J. S. Townson, R. J. Turner, C. A. Villiers, D . N. Watts, A. K. R. Wight, G. D. Williams, R . J. Wood, M . D . Young.

VALETE N . J. Burns, M. B. Chester, D. A. Henton , A. D. Lee-Elliott, M. A. Levitt, R. D . J. Lysaght, M. R. McArdle, A. S. Pitch, P. L. Smedley, M. A. H. Sutin, W. R. A. UthwattBouverie, R. T. Wigg, C. White.

VIRTUTE FUNCTI MORE PATRUM DUCES J. W. BoECKMANN.- Entered School, Sept. , '52. 1st XV, '56; Corporal, R.A.F. Section, C. C. F. T. M. E. DuNN.- Entered School, Sept., '47. Grange House Monitor; Upper VI; Bomba rdier, R.A. Section, C.C.F. S. C. HARDJSTY.- E ntered School, Sept., '46 ; K.S. Linacre House Monitor; Upper Vl; Sergeant and Platoon Commander, C.C.F. J. A. KANE.- Entered School, Sept., '52; Senior K.S. Galpin's House Monitor; Corporal, C. C. F . ; Open History Scholarship to Christ Church, Oxford. C. H. N. Mov.-Entered School, May, '52. Meister Omers House Monitor; LanceSergeant, C. C. F. M. G. PARAMOR.- Entered School, May, '52. Marlowe House Monitor; Upper VI; Lance-Sergeant, C.C.F. M. J. RICKETTS.-Entered School, Jan. , '52. Walpole House Monitor; Music Scholar; Upper VI ; Editor of The Cantuarian. C. S. STEYENS.-Entered School , Jan., '48 . Walpole House Monitor; C.Q. M.S., C.C.F.; Upper VI. M. F. THORBURN.-Entered School, Sept., ' 52. School House House Monitor; 1st XV, '56; 2nd X I ; Lance-Corporal, C.C.F. H. L. CLARK.- Entered School, Sept., '52. Luxmoore House Monitor; Cadetship, R.M .A., Sandhurst.

THE CANTUARIAN

THIS AND THAT The School has acquired this term a number of autograph letters written by the late Sir Hugh Walpole. There is one series written between 1913 and 1937 to Martin Seeker, the publisher; another to Mr. Faber, the publisher, between 1937 and 1940; and another series, extending from 1910 to 1940, to his friend the author Ralph Straus. Almost all of them convey the warm and friendly personality of the writer. The literary world is full of antagonisms, but Walpole's never lasted long, and in this collection that becomes clear in at least two cases-each time a bitter letter when someone had wounded him, and only a little while later, a more generous reaction, as "he's a good chap but takes himself much too seriously- we're a ll comic, if you ask me and harmless, and pathetic". The letters contain man y interesting discussions of novels and novelists; and they are of particular interest to us in that severa l of them refer to the collection of manuscripts he was building up for the King's School- part of the MS. of Stalky & Co., the first part of Compton Mackenzie's Sinister Street, Osbert Sitwell's Before the Bombardment, and Anne Douglas Sedgwick's Phi/ippa- all these arc now housed here. He was particularly pleased to be able to buy the MS. of his friend Frank Swinnerton's Nocturne from Martin Seeker, and writes, "This collection J am making is turning out a really important one and Frank's MSS. will be preserved for ever, l hope, in a beautiful old room abutting Canterbury Cathedral". He would, we hope, have been glad to know that these letters of his, too, have found a home there. The Walpole Collection

We were delighted to hear that I. A. Campbell had received a prize for meritorious work from the Board of Management for the Near Eastern Archaeological Prizes Fund. We were considering reproducing th is article, but it is lengthy and might fail to command a large public. The subject in question was: "A history of archaeological scholarship concerning the rock sculptures of Yazilikaya, designed to show some aspects of Hittite and Hurrian art and religion."

Available on Request

Wise Men's Counters

We noted with pleasure last term that our own anthems have been printed on the Cathedral service sheets. We note this term, with alarm, that at the first Sunday in the month services the King's School no longer "attends", but is simply "present".

It has come to our ears that the Captain of the School and the senior Editor were invited to address the Whitstable Rotary Club some time in early March. Both are very reticent about their experience, though they seemed to have devised to make a long day of it. We believe that the first speech was about the modern generation, and the other was not qu ite proper.

Angry Young Men ?

Despite the fact that David Edwards wryly suggested in his sermon this term that the generation which saw the inception of his plan to write a new history of the School must have long since passed away, many of us have been watching for its publication with interest, spurred by the rumours of difficulties which always seem to surround the writing of an historical work- missing evidence, missing photographs, the sticky half centuries when the School might have been in oblivion for all the reco rds A History of the King's School, Canterbury

THE CAN TUARIA N

tell us, balanced by newly discovered records, fresh judgements, and, inevitably, new O.K.S. A History of the King's School, Canterbury was published on March 15th by Faber & Faber- the first history since Woodruff & Cape's Schola Regia Cantuariensis of 1908. The new history is above all a n eminently readable book, and it is perhaps a tribute to the School itself that the Rev. D. L. Edwards, who was a boy here only ten years ago, should have contrived to bring so human an understanding to the thirteen and a half centuries of the School's history and so loving a care for what is fine and good in the School today. (A review will be found elsewhere in these pages.) (This meaningless poetic jumble was found on the floor of Lardergate 2 by one of the editors after a n U pper Sixth divinity period. The archaic hand and the naive sentiments uttered place it as very early Blake, and in this case it may have escaped from the nearby Walpole Roomthough the hand is not unlike that in the fly leaf of the French book, which Sir Philip Sidney used at Shrewsbury School. The cura tor denies having seen the document before but suggests it may have fallen out of our Fourth F olio. The mystery is li ttle clearer and any comments on its authenticity or importance would be welcomed. The "W*ls*n" referred to may conceivably beaM r. Welsin, a late eighteenth century mystic philosopher, who may easily have taught Blake at some stage.) "Tyger Tyger burning. bright, Mr W*ls*n is quite right, You have stripes, are large and growly: Do you eat agnostics hourly, Do you always live next door Mauling atheists on the floor? It really is so very clear We Christians have no need to fear As long as W*ls*n is about To keep all beastly tygers out." A Blake Find ?

This building, now almost completed, will be formally opened on June 12th. On that day Her Majesty the Queen Mother has graciously promised to visit the School and in the course of that visit to open the Hall. The ceremony will take place in the afternoon and will be followed by a garden party. Invitations with all necessary information will be sent to subscribers in good time.

The Great Hall

This has been rebuilt and equipped with all facilities for changing, for baths, showers, etc. It is scheduled for completion in June, and will be one of the buildings which Her Majesty will inspect. Above the new building is a n extension to School H ouse comprising a do rmitory, baths, studies, and a large Hall.

The Gymnasium

With the generous aid of the Industrial Fund Committee the Governors have commissioned the building of a commodious block for the teaching of Physics. Work has begun and the building is expected to be completed by the end of this year. It is sited parallel to the Field Classrooms, and its elevation is most attractive. When this is finished, the existing laboratories will be extended and devoted to Chemistry. The Teaching of Science

THE CANTUAR IA N

The O .K.S. at Cambridge lost one of their greatest friends when Dr. W. Telfer, sometime Ely Professor and Master of Selwyn, retired last year. But Cambridge's loss is really Canterbury's gain, for Dr. Telfer is now living at Faversham, and has been giving the Lent Addresses in the Cathedral. We hope that his association with the School will continue for many years to come. Canon Telfer

During the past few yea rs The Marlowe Theatre has had difficulty in keeping its head above water, in common with repertory companies throughout the country. Many theatres claim that they have had to close down through insufficient public interest. The Marlowe, with the splendid backing of the City Council, is beginning to show that a public can be found. The Theatre Club has increased its membership to 507, and the attendances at Macbeth were so good that the company stood in grave danger of making a profit. Their efforts were greatly aided by the kindness and interest of Dame Peggy Ashcroft, who came down with Mr. J. L. Hodgkinson, Drama Director of the Arts Council, and spoke to the Theatre Club. There can be little doubt that with an artistic director of the calibre and ideas of Mr. Clifford William, and a company of the st rength of the present one, that The Marlowe must thrive. Their programme speaks for itself, for in two months Canterbury has had the chance to see Graham Greene's The Living Room, Macbeth, J. B. Priestley's Mr. Kettle and Mrs. Moon, Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, Ibsen's The Master Builder, Emlyn Williams' Wind of Heaven, and Terence Rattigan's The Sleeping Prince. It is a great tribute to the city that they can manage to keep their theatre open. Marlowe Enterprise

Arrangements are all in hand but are not yet finally fixed. At present King's Week all that can be published is as follows:The King's School Music Club Concert Monday, July 15th Violin and Piano Recital by F rederick Grinke a nd Eric Harrison Wednesday,July 17th The Oratorio Judas Maccabaeus Saturday, July 20th The London Symphony Orchestra Monday, July 22nd The King's School Orchestral Concert Sunday, July 28th Music in the Cloisters Date not fixed The King's School Drama, Twelfth Night Dates not fixed Sadler's Wells Opera, The Marriage of Figaro Date not fixed As soon as everything is arranged, full information will be published. Meanwhile, enquiries may be directed to the Manager of the Week, Edred Wright, Esq., 5, London Road, Canterbury. King's was well-represented here, for one of the directors and the hero of the original story are both O.K.S. The film is based on the capture Moonlight" of General Kreipe in Crete during 1944 by guerillas under the command of Major Patrick Leigh Fermor, o.s.o. , o.n.E., F.R.G.S., F.R.S.L., o.K.S. Direction is by Michael Powell (o.K.s.) and Emeric Press burger and the story is given a fa r more accu rate and sympathetic treatment fhan we are led to believe is usual for war

"Til Met By

THE CANTUAR IA N

stories. Majo r Fermor seems to have been extremely for tunate in his choice of a German general, for Kreipe (played by Ma rcus Goring) emerges as an endearing figu re and fits well into the atmosphere of wi tty aba ndon with w hich the kidnappi ng was undertaken. The fi lm as a whole is ingen iously and well done. Michael Powell, who was a t King's 1916- 19, has been associa ted with films since 1925 and more recently has come into the public eye with his co-direction of both The Battle of the River Plate and Ill Met By M oonlight. Major Fermor, since he left King's in 1931, has had an a lmost continuous connection with the Eastern Mediterra nean and one of his books, The Traveller's Tree, won him the H einema n Foundation Prize for Li terature in 1950 an d the Hemsley Prize in 1951. Our photograph of Mrs. Cooke in the Tuck Shop entitled "Sixty-six Yea rs of the Tuck Shop" has aroused much interest both among Canterbury people and a mong O.K.S. M. H. Sowerby ( 189 1- 96) writes: "it was while I was at school in Dr. Field's time that the School Shop was started in wha t had been until then the carpenter's shop and is now the little Chapel. I well remember being served at the gate-house wi ndow by Mrs. Cooke with one hand while she held a baby under the other arm".

Tuck Shop Memories

To mark the forthcoming tercentenary of the dea th of William Harvey, Mr. Bruce Noncy has kind ly presented to the School a very fine edition by the Nonesuch Press of the first English text of the De Motu Cordis and the Circulatione Sanguis. The book is now housed in the Walpole Collection.

A Gift

University Awards

We congratulate the following on their awards to Oxford and Cambridge, D ecember 1956-March, 1957:-

OxFORD

A. F. Ayling

Sir Louis Stuart Exhibition in Mathematics to Balliol College. St. Cyres Scholarship in History to Christ Church . A. N. A. Browner Scholarship in History to Jesus College. G . A. G. Kidd Top History Scho larship to New College. I. S. McDonald History Exhibition to New College. C. C. W. Adams T. C. J. Chenevix-Trench Classical Exhibition to Corpus Christi College. M.G. Sayer Classical Exhibition to Queen's College. D. J . Mortimer Scholarship in History to St. John's College. Scholarship in Modern Languages to Christ Church. B. K. Jeffery CAMBRIDGE

G. C. Fletcher

Quote of the Term

Mawson Scholarship and Parker Exhibition in Mathem atics and Physics to Corpus Christi College.

(Heard in the Masters' Oaks during the Benedicite): " Ananias, Azarias, and Misael? Who on earth are they?" " Oh, School Governors, I expect." 92

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THE ST. MARK PASSION On Ash Wednesday, March 6th, the Madrigal Society sang the Passion according to St. Mark by Dr. Charles Wood. For a long time, now, the Society has maintained a consistently high standard- as indeed they ought, being a group of highly competent musicians; but the performance in the Crypt of Dr. Wood's Passion was an especially memorable occasion, and a fine achievement by the Society. The work was admirably suited to the group who could do full justice to the drama, and to the full, flowing, and expressive music. And of course, the Eastern Crypt is the perfect setting for such music, the building itself bringing out a rich mellowness of tone that is seldom found elsewhere. So often, when one hears an Oratorio or a Passion, one can be pleased with the good singing and be content with that. It was not so here. From the first an atmosphere of worship and meaning and drama was created, in which the audience were far more than mere passive listeners. The music, dramatic in itself, is entirely dependent on the words, of which every one must be given its full weight-and must be audible. This was achieved, although at the expense of occasional over-dramatisation; and throughout the work, both choir and soloists sang with great sensibility and feeling and, under Edred Wright's conducting, expression and vividness. The music, which consists entirely of dialogue between soloists and choir, and which can so easily lose the sense of continuity, flowed on at a good, varying pace, as the Great Story was told : the choir, it seemed, never losing consciousness of the great drama which they were re-enacting. They were never late in their entries, which were well-timed and for the most part well together; and the hymns were sung with a dignity and reverence that made them seem, not mere interludes to ease the tension, but the key to the whole work, a vital part in unfolding the meaning and the significance of the whole drama. Perhaps the climax and the loveliest part of the work was the second verse of the hymn, "My God, I love thee": the treble solo being sung beautifully by Hammersley. Of the soloists, Bays ton, who sang the part of Christ, was excellent. He sustained a good tone throughout, even on his high notes, and gave a most moving dramatic power and feeling to his important part. Attwater, Polglase and the Chaplain sang the part of the Evangelist ; each one in his own way contributed to the atmosphere. It was a pity that the audience did not sing the recurrent Pange Lingua hymn more strongly; but that, presumably, was only to be expected. The act of worship was completed by prayers which the Archdeacon of Maidstone offered in the absolute silence of the moment after the work was finished.

THE CAN TUARIAN

FORESTRY SIR SHANE LESLIE Sunday, February 24th Any fears that "Forestry" was going to be a dull technical natural history lesson were quickly dispelled even before Mr. J. B. Harris had introduced our distinguished speaker. Sir Shane was obviously a ma n who, as President of the Men of the Trees, had not only a clear understanding of the importance of trees in the world today, but a very deep love of these most beautiful and stately features of Nature. Sir Shane wasted little time in introducing his subject, since most of his lecture was taken up with the showing of a most beautiful set of American colou r slides, presented to him by the Audubon Society. The slides spoke very largely for themselves. A number of photographs of the fo rmation of the Arizona dust bowls demonstrated how vital trees were in the prevention of soil erosion. Sir Shane was particularly distressed by the foolishness of men who cut down trees haphazardly for some qu ite unnecessary purpose and the havoc which this very soon brought to the soil itself. He made it clear in no uncertain terms how much more important it was to plant trees than it was to cut them down. The later landscape slides struck a happier note, for they included many striking shots of the various types of American firs, and the vastness of the giant redwoods and Douglas firs compared strongly wi th the delicate and colourful maples photographed in the exotic American fall. The second set of slides were of American birds, and once more there was a lesson to be learnt. Certain kinds which fifty years ago had been quite common in inhabited country were now very rare. Some, li ke the crimson Cardina l, have managed to adapt themselves to the bustling pace of civilization, but many are in danger of extinctio n. This set also contained photographs of the more attractive American bi rds, the Evening Grosbeaks, Painted Buntings, Spoonbills, Downy Woodpeckers, and the Flicker. Sir Shane made a great impression on his audience, and in explaining so simply a nd with such good humour the vital part that trees have to play in o ur national economy, he made us awa re of our responsibilities. A crisis is coming, perhaps has come, in particula r with regard to the enormous demands of timber for newsprint. It is a crisis which will affect every one of us. We should like to thank Sir Shane most warmly for sparing the time to talk to us so entertainingly and to remind us of beauties which we tend to take for granted. J.B.C.B.

THURSDAY NIGHT AT EIGHT Thursday, March 28th This was perhaps one occasion on which three 'one-acters' was a more fortunate choice tha n one long play. Whatever o ne may say in serious criticism of the plays and players, the rea l entertainment for a school audience on the last night of term was the spectacle of hitherto staid pedants disportin g themselves in most un-pedant-Jike activities. Thus

THE COMMON R OOM

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a relished "Ow do" produced more effect than a splendid line concerning a divorce to be settled by the A rts Council, mainly because the latter fell more naturally from the speaker's lips. As a piece of entertainment it was first class, because the three plays were different in for m and in period but had basically the same peculiar brand of burlesque common to a ll. The audience rarely had to bother itself to la ugh with players, it was too happy laughing at them.

Cox and Box should not be compared with the more matu re works of Gilbert and Sullivan because it is cast in a d ifferent mould. It requ ires such unselfconscious burlesque that it was much better left in the hands of adults. Messrs. Lawrence, Scott and Curry gave it a punch and a drive which made something that could have been tedious at lesser ha nds not o nly delightful but a ll too short. Not a little of this ass ured and enthusiastic approach was due to M r. Wright, who directed both the players a nd the o rchestra. The evening was off to a riotous start. Family Album- A Victorian Comedy witlt Music was the most polished of the three. It needed to be too, for the charming humour of stylized burlesque is not a form which would necessarily appeal to a school audience. A great deal of the credit for this must go to Mr. Sugden, who was the most Victo rianly human of eldest brothers, and whose voice, when he allowed it rein , showed a power we have always suspected lay close to the surface. Miss M ilward, looking, if I may say so, incredibly like Queen Victoria, and Mr. Dartington were a lso 'star' attractions, both being quite perfectly in character and qu ite un recognizable in make-up. Mrs. Wilson and Mr. Ball both had an excellent sense of period and they all combined to put the rather thin music over with a considerable degree of grace. This was the most satisfying play of the three in that it was the bravest attempt and the best piece of salvage work. Harlequinade Terence Rattigan wrote to partner The Browning Version and it was rather carried by the success of this other ha lf. Skits can so easily crack if they are not put over slickly enough, and I think Harlequinade could have been cut in places to advantage artd co uld have been more polished. It remained, however, the mos t a musing of the th ree, with a bala nce between wit a nd sheer lud icro usness. Mr. Stuart and Mrs. Milner were exceptionally good as the principals, the o ne at his m ost remote when loping softly ro un d the stage arranging a vase, and the other at her most wilfu l as the unworldly actress petu lantly refusing to be parted in prison from her bigamous husband. Their scenes from Romeo and Juliet were quite brilliantly taken off. Mr. Berridge, M iss Benn ion fed them well, Miss Milwa rd repeated her earlier triumph- in a more flamboyant dressMr. Milner was excellent as the super at last given a line, and few will forget Mr. Wilkinson's bemused policeman. Mr. Stainer's settings throughout, and particularly in the last piece, were delightful and the intervals were not too trying, which says a great deal for back stage organization. The masters have abundant talent a nd they will in due course, I hope, show us the way to more serious and exacting fo rms of drama; but they were justified in beginning with something of pure entertainment value, where as many people as possible could be engaged. The School is grateful to them for the work and the care which went into the production. Both the actors and the audience enjoyed themselves enormously. Nothing else was req uired. O.R.F. D. 95

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A HISTORY OF THE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY BY D. L. EDWARDS. (Faber & Faber, 1957, 21/-) The news a few years ago that a new history of the School was to be written produced widely differing reactions. All were agreed that the present position of the School warranted an up-to-date reassessment, and that the year 1957 with numbers at a stable six hundred, with the School financially strong and well served in every department, with the Great Hall completed and ready to be opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, was an opportune one for the book to appear. Not everyone was agreed, however, on the form that the book should take. Some have wo ndered if a sufficient amount of evidence has come to light to warrant mere re-writin g of Woodruff and Cape's Schola Regia Cantuariensis of 1908. Others have seen the moment a heaven sent opportunity to use the thirteen and a half centuries of the School's existence as a guiding factor in a vast social record, a work which would require a life-time's patient research. Mr. Edwards has attempted to do neither of these. He makes clear the scope of his work in his preface: "In this book I have tried to give an accurate account of its life, so far as was possible in a book of convenient size. At the same time I have tried to indicate the romance surrounding the King's School .... I have kept references to a minimum knowing that the serious student will turn to Schola Regia Cantuariensis by the Rev. C. E. Woodruff and Mr. H. J. Cape .... Both he and his collaborator expressed the wish that their work should be revised in the light of modern knowledge and used to meet new needs and tastes ... ." Mr. Edwards has succeeded in compressing into two hundred pages most of the matter we have relevant to the actual course of the School's growth- and in places this is precious little. Thus even the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are dealt with in sixteen and eighteen pages respectively. Where no records exist, however, Mr. Edwards has sensibly resisted the impulse to embroider on what is purely Cathedral and City history in order to gloss over the deficiencies. The book is in fact that of a historian, and fortunately for us of a sensitive and imaginative historian. The chief difficulty of writing a history of this kind , is that the School, being, as we believe, an unbroken part of the monastic life, was taken for granted by Cathedral records and chronicles alike. The School is in the discomforting position for example of having no regular list of headmasters until the sixteenth century. The foundation of the School in 598 or thereabouts is really only based on presumption-"Canterbury had the oldest great church . Therefore Canterbury had the oldest education". Even when a school is mentioned in Canterbury, in many cases it is only presumed that it is the Archbishop's school. What would we not give for a list of headmasters or some definite data on the Canterbury University that might have been, rather than scattered, though amusing, anecdotes about, for instance, the five friars of the thirteenth century found warming over the schoolroom fire the dregs of the small beer left by the departed boys. To write about the progress of the School in the Middle Ages, with not even a list of scholars to give us some indication of the size of the School and the class of the boy who attended, is an almost impossible task, and yet it is this earlier part which Mr. Edwards deals with best. He makes no attempt to conceal his un enviable position- "Very little

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is known about education in Canterbury during the four centuries between the death of Archbishop Theodore and the arrival of Archbishop La nfra nc"-nor does he attempt to preserve a chronologica l sequence. His first three chapters- " Boys a round the Ca thedral", a defensive though ill uminating account of the Anglo-Saxon period; "The Pilgrims' Cathedral", a genera l survey of the Precincts at its greatest ; and " Masters under the Arch bishops", where odd items of detail are most humorously linked togetherculminate in "A Wa lk Around the School", a first rate chapter, where concise descriptions of the Precinct buildings are cleverly combined with anecdotes, scraps of gossip, and passages from Barham, Walpole, and Maugham. In comparison with the medieval obscurity, the period after the re-foundation of the Archbishop's School as the King's School is clear daylight. There is the list of headmas ters, abou t whom we know quite a deal, a nd of course there are the lists of scholars, though not unfortunately of the commoners. From various sources we can also glean qu ite a lot a bout the School, a bout its buildings, its expenses, its food, its plays, so that for the first time we have something approaching a picture of the life of the School. Elizabethan Canterbury must have been a wonderful city to have lived in, a spreading community packed within its medieval walls, with all the great ones of England a nd Europe passing through on their way fro m Dover to London, a rich and independent city where secular and ecclesiastical influences jostled in factious rivalry. Much of the adventure and spirit of the city life must have pervaded the School and its staff for it to have prod uced such an extraordinary list of famous men, soldiers, scholars, writers, politicians, doctors, divines, professional spies, Anglicans, Roman Catholics, Jesuits, a theists- men of the stature of Marlowe, Harvey, Lushington, Boyle, Boys, Weston, Masters, Frewen, Faunt, Aldrich, and Dering. ln " The Service of England" Mr. Edwa rds d isplays the same skill in his sketches of these men as we have noticed previously, and yet there is something lacking in these two chapters, something of the rumbustious spirit of an age which produced the ho t-headed Marlowe and made the city and the School so vital a part of the social scene; though from this accusation I must a bsolve the treatment of John Twyne, a splendid human study, striking a delightful balance between h.is hot-blooded excesses and his antiq uarian interests. Mr. Edwards does not dwell very long on the seventeenth century, but his sketches of Ludd a nd Lovejoy are excellent, and he deals very amusi ngly with the former's battle with La ud over the sta ndard of work in the School. Neither this nor the next century are very rewarding ones to deal with, fo r as the author confesses: "Of the thirteen Headmasters who ruled the King's School between George Lovejoy in 1685 and George Wallace in 1832, o nly Dr. Osmund Beauvoir is o utstanding" and apart from the characters of the headmasters and general Precinct politics there is little else to be said . Hasted tells us that "the schola rs educated a t this school have been in general of the very best fam ilies in this part of the country", and the list of O.K.S. contain some wellknown U niversity men like Randolph and Ford, statesmen like Thurlow and Tenterden, a nd churchmen like Broughton and Marsh. But otherwise the School would appear to have been rather meagre and unsta ble; for example, Christopher Naylor "had reigned over the school for thirty-one yea rs, right through the wars against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France. It was too lo ng: he left a school of twenty-six boys", although Charles Dickens' description in David Coppe1jield of the School as "very g ravely a nd deco ro usly o rdered, a nd o n a sound system", would seem to belie this. Probably the School was in no worse a condition than the "other great schooles" among which Defoe classes it. 97

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The Victorian period is compressed as far as possible because here Woodruff and Cape come into their own, but the assessments of Mitchinson and Galpin a re perhaps more honest and direct now that their work can be seen in proper perspective. The century remains as enthralling as ever to the modern reader, with Wallace cont inuing "his hour's cita tion of classical references to agriculture, apparently unaware of the behaviour of the Farmers' Clu b", a nd Field, who " in replying to a master who found fault with the wordiness of a certain his tory book" , said " I quite agree: when I use gas, I like to use my own gas". Mr. Edwa rds has therefore left himself room to devote the last quarter of his book to the present half century. For the chapter on Latter the narrative is handed over to six O.K.S., C. E. A. Pulla n, Alaric Jacob, J. W. B. Laine, W. d' A. Maycock, the Rev. G. I. Soden, and ou r own Mr. D. S. Stainer, and the picture of the School is a very real and a very lovable one. Mr. Edwards then deals very sympathetically with the difficult period of fina ncia l stress through which M r. Birley had to steer the School, but does not hesitate to show how black the picture was when the present headmaster, Dr. Shirley, took over in 1935. Little needs to be said about this last chapter, and in places it is little more than a recita l of crises averted, money raised, and projects carried out, but through it all shines the energy and enthusiasm and farsightedness of Dr. Shirley. To see the history of the School laid out Uke this is to ma ke us conscious of the debt that everyonepast, present, and future-owes to him. The book is handsomely bound a nd most beautifully printed, and is accompanied by thirty-seven photographs, a number of which are simply "prospectus" views, though good use has been made of the P recinct pictures of Rowlandson, Raze, and others: in addition four of the portraits in the dining hall are reproduced. Just as certain periods in the School's history are more alive and better documented than others, so some chapters in the book a re more rewarding to the reader. I would single out for special praise in presentation the chapters "A Walk Around the School" and "Slurry-Mano r and School"-a perfect little stud y of Milner Court- but this is not to im ply that the book is uneven in quality. Mr. Edwards ma kes the whole thing a very human story of failure and success, and the good a nd the bad characters of the Precincts mingle with those who left very little ma rk on history, except that they carried on the School's tradition. We should be gra teful to them all, and to Mr. Edwards who has made them live for us in the pages of his book. O.R.F.D.

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ANGRY YOUNG MEN " If we really want to live, we'd better start at once to try, If we don't, it doesn't ma tter, but we'd better start to die." T oday we are so familiar with "Angry Young Men"-characters like Jimmy Porter of Look Back in Anger, Camus' Outsider, G ull y Ji mson of The Horse's Mouth, James Dixon of Lucky Jim, even Colin Wilson himself- that it is time to attempt an objective study. We should try to find out what is wrong with our society tha t sensitive individua ls shou ld revolt aga inst it; for there is no longer a ny q uestion of their being merely an isolated phenomenon. The angry yo ung men are the neo-pagans. Sensua l, in love with life, completely amoral, they lack any "Nord.ic why-clause" . Living only fo r the moment, they cover up their real fears with a cynicism and facetiousness tha t would be nauseating if one did not know the real tragedy that lay behind it. Just as the ancient pagans lived in completely barren surroundings, so too do our nco-pagans care nothi ng for the ga rrets they live in, for the patched armchairs they sit in, for the bare boards they walk on and the dirty washing they leave. For they feel with Cyril Connolly that: "It is closing time in the gardens of the West, and from now on an ar tist will be j udged only by the resonance of his solitude or the quality of his despair". It is artists li ke Paul Nash, the earl y Chirico, the later R ovault, Picasso with his Guernica, who produce the masterpieces of our age. They give us work that is sombre and magnificent, yet a personal statement of our tragedy. All the loneliness of the modern ind ividual fills their strong and noble work. On the vast majority of art th is spirituai sickness has had a d isastrous effect- on music a nd poetry as well as painting. T here is an avidi ty, dehumaniza tion and fragmen tation that is inescapable. Stephen Spender realised in the 1930's that he was a member of a "new generation", though he d id not a t first understand qui te what that meant. He soon found, however, tha t he and his colleagues had begun to wri te in circumstances strikingly differe nt from those of the precedin g " Bloomsbury" age. I n such a quickly cha nging world there were no traditions, no hard a nd fas t ru les to follow. There only remained a jig-saw of pieces, the -isms, which the new generation had to try to put together. There were few sensational breakdowns of a ppeara nce, but beneath the apparently careless amoral, promiscuous surface deep cracks were spreading. T he qualities of the age Jay in the events-unemployment, depression, nascen t fascism, the fear of war. Old Europe and the new Utopia of the League of Nations were breaking up together. The virile Germans whom the youth movements had admired so much were going wild. Indeed, the whole of exhausted and helpless Europe was drifting hopelessly. No political pr ogramme held any hope of salvation. In Aldous Huxley's Point Counter Point, Mark Rampion says: " It's so silly all this political squa bbling ... they're all headed for the same psychological impasse and the social collapse that results from psychological collapse . .. The important thing is Hell, not the means of transport to be employed" . Leslie Paul knew this feeling also: "How hard it was to overcome this anguish of futility. To wake to face it day after day, j ust to know that a senseless world went on, was agony". The world in which we live today moves even faste r. Mo reover it is a world where an a tomic war, which no individu al would have desired, can end all existence almost before the ind ividual can know tha t the end is near. T here is a realisation of the vastness of the thing that has swallowed everyone up, a vastness in which the individual can make no

THE CANTUARIAN

impression. Twentieth century ma n is such a political neurotic simply because he has no answer to the ques tion as to the meaning of life, he does no t know where he belongs in a world where all values seem extinct and where "Logos" is a too l to be bandied about o n the Semantic black market. It seems as though Berna rd Shaw might have been right when he stated that the earth is the lunatic asylum of the universe. That is why o ur world is so like that of the Westland madmen which Auden and Isherwood portrayed in The Dog Beneath the Skin. The peaceful natio n- Westland-is attacked by " the nation schooled to arms from infancy", the attack spreads into a uni versal conflagration. They state the modern gospel : "You are units in an immense army: most of yo u will die without ever knowing what leaders are really fighting for ... . we' re all of us completely unimportant". T he one alternative open to the world is that of utter annih ilation in an atomic war ; the other is that of Brave New World o r 1984. The angry yo ung man is either still searching for the elusive style in life, like G eorge Orwell, whose life was one long struggle against human ity's drift toward "1984", or else he has given up long ago and become resigned to the conviction that he has become injured in the process of growing up. His p hilosophy is often, therefore, the existentia list philosophy, the admission of defeat. T hat is why so many "angry you ng men" are the reverse of violent. John Osborne's characters have all the gratificatio n their desires might need, yet their life lacks something. T here is at heart the longing to li ve a kind of poetry. Stephen Spender wrote: " Oh, comrades, step beautifully from the so lid wall Advance to rebuild, and sleep with friend on hill Advance to rebel." In the Thirties these men who had been injured in the process of growing-up asked Socialist, Communist a nd Fascist parties to produce the miracles that o rdinary life could no lo nger produce. This explains the enormous pop ulari ty of the Hitler Youth, Kibbo Kift, the Komsomo l and o ther movements before the wa r. Our present Edwardian gangs are part of th e same existentialist escapism . " Young people cannot now bear to face the world a nd society; that is the great difficulty." "Palinurus" a lso describes the claustrophobia he felt- the feeling of choking through being in a world-prison, a Black Hole of Calcutta "where a ll are melting around in darkness and slime". There is a violent cleavage between the imaginative life and modern social conditions. Some wish-fulfilment is needed- a violent social upheaval, even a war. Even the internecine strife which T. S. Eliot foretold can be to many an o bject of longing. Jn 1941, Leslie Paul found himself in the Army where he had always wa nted to be. Philip Toynbee felt " less pity than envy" of the generation that had experienced the war. Jimmy Porter in Look Back in Anger says: " 1 suppose people of our generation won't be able to die for good causes a ny longer. We had all that do ne for us, in the thirties and forties while we were still kids. There aren' t a ny good, brave, causes left. Jf the big bang does come it'll just be for the Brave new nothing-very-much-tha nk-you. About as pointless and inglorious as stepping in front of a bus". The only answer for such you ng men today is to live in a continuous present. When Helena Charles says to Jimmy Porter : "There's a phone call for you", he answers, " Well, it can't be anything good, can it?". Life goes on with only slight va riations, "Today's meal is always d ifferent from yesterday's and the last woman isn't the sam e as the one before". The eterna l Sunday newspaper is the o nly connection with the outside world- the world of misery and despair seen morbidly through the agony column. 100

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Gully Jimson and James Dixon cannot bear to look into the future; meeting difficulties as they come they cover up all anxieties with a superficia l facetiousness. Albert Camus' Outsider says : " I've always been fa r too much a bsorbed in the present moment, or the immediate future, to look back". His famous rema rk is, " Mother died yesterday. Or maybe today; I can't be sure". When he explains why he did not go to see his Mother by saying, " I t would have meant losing my Sunday- not to mention the fag of going to the bus, getting my ticket, and spending two hours on the journey", he is not providing a n excuse, he is giving a reason. After his Mother's funeral the Outsider can only think of going back to bed. He cannot face life with its emotional, sexual and economic miseries. The angry young men have not solved those problems of human nature and destiny which beset them during adolescence; many have merely thrust them aside by an act of will. One could not fmd out what life was a bout so the next best thing was to come to a working compromise. All absolute beliefs have been undermined by pure science; there is no longer a moral hierarchy, but they are left "with only an empirical knowledge that certain things make one uncomfortable". These are the things that must be avoided in a working compromise. The angry young man retires into himself and says: "What difference do they make to me, the death of others, or a mother's love, or God; or the way one decides to live, the fate one chooses". That is the problem. Perhaps there is a place here for a religious revival; modern man who has killed his own spirit might be able to find it once again in God. Or perhaps he will find some other code of stable values. At present there is no answer. The tragedy of mid-twentieth century man is that he is unable to contend with his own self. I.S.McD.

Falling out of love For the first time Is listening to familiar music Without understanding Making the break I n a London park Watching the watching orange lamps On the concrete double way And down the concrete double way The buses slip Parting us with a twopenny fare And no regrets

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OFF THE SLEEVE Blurb is spreading. Like a persistent weed it has long since infiltra ted the advertising world, and, having conquered the dust j acket, it now turns its full force upon the gramophone record sleeve. As the fifteenth recording of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony enters the market, the sleeve wri ter searches desperately for some fresh material of some fa int relevance to the music. Authors, conductors, and composers are quoted, a nd the music itself is lost in a welter of obscurity. The befuddled reader is then confronted with a description of the actual work, a masterpiece of careworn cliches and trite technicalities. We are told how singers were seized with convulsions at the first performance of the work and how various unheard of musicologists have enthused about it. Beethoven a lways affords the best exa mples. He is " the supreme creator in the commun icati on of lofty tho ught", his sympho nies have " basicall y ethica l characters", his works a re a lways, always "Promethea n" ( I suppose Greek mythology is curren tly, as S. Potter wo uld say, an 0. K. thing). We a rc introduced to the little guessed a t delights of "fateful phrases generating pendants, reactions to the event .. . . " o r even " fate-laden rhythms". Here are " ends of deepest da rkness, with the drum pulsing on C" and "clouds passing" and "orchestras flooding the scene with light" ; the Eroica Symphony is amazingly "one of the water-sheds of music", a nd its second movement possesses "symphonic logic" which has "continuous development aided at one point by (wait for it) a fuga to". Themes are always " ro llicking, sequential", "undulating", " brave, elevated but tender", "plangent", "germinal", and even just "germ". The listener is informed exactly what his emotional reaction should be to a recording: " .... withou t the listener really being aware just how his tho ught processes are bent to a master design". T hen there are the painful analyses of va ri o us movements. "Rema rkably enough a ll three of these characteris tics are d isplayed wit hin the first twel ve bars. The confidential opening, as a matter of co urse; the filigree in the unexpected scale passage upward in the piano's fourth bar ; the modu lation in the orchestral echo of the opening statement. For the non-technical the pivot tone is B, previously the third of the G Major cho rd, which becomes the tonic of the B Major chord, with quite a striki ng change of au ral em phasis." O r there is the awkward criticism of the composer's technique : "nowhere is the ex tra tona l weight provided by the second 'cello abused in the d irection of bottomheaviness and ungen ial thickness of tex tu re (a danger not always avoided by Jess sensitive composers)". Every descriptive adjective in the E nglish language is scattered across these columns, twice. The w hole ga mut of hackneyed images is resurrected ; we are sent to Siberian fo rests, dancing elephants appear, in scherzos normally, and we are in troduced to "whisperings as those hea rd behind voluminous ha ngi ngs in some vast, desolate hall" . I have never w hispered beh ind voluminous hangings myself, but I shou ld imagine the experience is dis tinctly unmusical. Beethoven- poor devil- is credited wi th the erection of " huge steel and concrete edifices", Brahms with "formal pillars and colonnades", while the fortuna te Schubert is allowed merely to wander "down the enchanted byways of music". Then there arc those writers who knowledgeably reveal the way in which one composer has torrowed a theme fro m another-"of co urse this movement is clea rly a set of varia ti ons en the lirst five notes of Frescobaldi's Fourth Toccata"- and so on. On some occasions we even find a piece of informat ion which seems li kely to have a n adverse effect o n the sales of the record, e.g., one sleeve a bo ut the Beethoven vio lin concerto which begins thus: "Beethoven's instrument was the piano .... " . Strange are the ways of the advertising world . 102

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!he record companies arc now (to slip into the j argo n) delving into the backwaters of music in order to find something someone else has not recorded already. Here another task awaits the sleeve writer; how to give a satisfactory reason fo r recording, say, all 545 of Scarlatti's Harpsichord Sonatas on 108 long-players (in a specia l de luxe presentation crate). Obscure comparisons are drawn, unrealised delights are revealed: we are shown how these works possess a hitherto unperceived importance in the development of European music and in fact it is really rather remarkable that they have not been recorded before. Certain companies, in order to give value for money, indulge in short accounts of the recording artist's career and achievements, and we find this sort of thing: "No one could doubt that Eugene Vaschinsky is among the finest pianists a live today. Born in Aktyubinsk, he astounded the local music master by learning all Glinka's preludes at the age of five .... ", then comes the inevitable move to America, where he amply confirmed his early promise, with the parting shot- " he is especially well-known for his subtle and lucid interpretation of Clementi's piano works". Needless to say, this is a recording to Clementi's piano works. Up to date this style of writing has confined itself to classical music, but the day cannot be far distant when more popular modern works will be raised, by means of this verbal chicanery, to the heights of the great masters. Let us consider for a moment how one of these writers would tackle The Baflad of Davy Crockett, sung by Donnie Lannigan: "David Crockett is the American child's Robin Hood, King Arthu r, and Raffles rolled into one. To give some idea of his stature, on Crockett Day a ll Congress wear coon skin caps and stand in silence while the familiar verse is sung"He went off to Congress an' served a spell, Fixin' up the Gover'ment an' Jaws as well." Davy himself was a famous frontiersman of the Eighteenth Century, notable for his erect stance and unerring aim with the rifle. He faced life with a smile, and was always quick to ensure that good triumphed over evil, and to bring any 'varmints', as he himself called them, to justice. Little wonder that this towering giant should be the idol of millions of children the wo rld over (and who of us is not a child at heart? !). This ballad is inspired by the great Davy himself, and is a fitting tribute to a noble and heroic man. All the splendid achievements of his life are represented in this stirring music: it catches the spirit of the man and preserves it for all time in order to enrich a nd ennoble the lives of aU of us. As Dalton Wisney says, slipping fo r a moment into the easy colloquialism of the hero himself, ' this stuf shaw is re'l great'. There is no more noble key than F Major, and so we find the ballad written in this very key. From the very beginning we can see the Herculean proportions of the work. The composer gives us the direction-'Moderato, Homespun Style'. How revolutionary and how fitting! After this provocative opening we see the ingenious introduction which leads into the first theme, a cheerful and spritely tune, fuU of bubbling movement and homely lyricism, but with unmistakeable undertones of heroism and greatness. Rising chords lead to the ecstatic outburst of 'Land of the Free', then the chord B sharp, F, G (which caused Oscar Sicklestein to leap to his feet at the premiere and shout 'Say, what galoot wrote this?') followed by two quavers culminating in the emphatic minim on G. Repeated C's continue in the treble with throbbing minims in the bass until with a crescendo of ascending quavers in the 103

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THE CANTUARiAN rlght hand we enter upon the magnificent refrain with repeated octaves on C and D and the five resounding chords which, as Haft'enstein has said many times, a re the replica of the Tennessee mountain tops from which justice and right sprung in the form of this mao. The second subject, so reminiscent of the early work of J. Kern, makes subtle variations in tempo from the fi rst, using inverted chords on the tonic F to great effect. So we come at last to the final triumphant outburst which leaves us speechless in awe, expressing as it does, in the four simple bars of the final refrain, all the rugged grandeur of the West when it was still dangerous a nd unknown territory, when it presented a challenge that only a man of this calibre could have successfully met. Nothing more can be said, for this is music that will never grow old o r lose its appeal. Donnie Lannigan was born in Wandsworth East and worked as a r ailway cleaner until he was sixteen, when his latent musical talent was suddenly revealed at a staff social. He left the railways as a result and within a few years was knock ing o n the door of-Dressing Room I , the P alladium. His gifts are unrivalled. Who could guess that our Donnie has never seen a mountain top in his life! .... " Perhaps there is still hope that commercialism will one day come to its senses a nd abandon this style of writing, but as one of these sleeve writers might, and probably has, put it, "Hope is one of those deceptive bastions of the world which, if leant upon too heavily, will often collapse abou t our ears in ruin". He may, for once, be righ t. M.G.S.

A SKETCH It was a dull, sweaty night. London was making up its mind whether to go on or go home. The lights changed, the taxis came sweeping four abreast down the Haymar ket, and somebody's Airlines completed their ten thousandth flight. The clock in Shaftesbury Avenue switched to 11.14, changed its mind, and went back to 11.12. The tube was not crowded. Most of London had decided to go on. The compartment had an air of withheld love-making, a necessary lull in the evening's pleasures, as if emotion was denied a public vehicle. The couples inclined together, studied the advertisements, and occasionally spoke. At stations, voices dropped to a whisper out of respect for the solemnity of the occasion; the relished abuse of the negro porter was the only sound one could grip and make sense of. At Hyde Park Corner two people got o ut and one person got in. Miss Clements tightened her grasp on her brown paper parcel and eyed the newcomer with timid fear. He sat breathing heavily opposite her, rolling and unrolling his blue cloth cap, peering at her. "He is in no fit sta te to travel", muttered Miss Clements, and she wou ld have liked to have added " with God-fearing people". But it sounded rather silly. 104

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The skin hung in great bags on his cheeks; like pricked balloons, thought Miss Clements, and blushed. The man looked at her confused state with bleary suspicion, but she could not look away. There were two deep-scored lines from his nose to the corners of his mouth, which seemed to link the features of his face in one complicated pattern. Elsewhere the skin was flushed, indecently rosy. It was the sa me on his hands as he rolled his cap. The flesh moved sluggishl y on his working fingers, and he had no knuckles. Miss Clements stole a look at her own hands, so white and tapering, a nd wondered where she had left her gloves. He saw that as well. At South Kensington the man put his cap on the seat beside him, lovingly as one might pick a cat from one's lap. Miss Clements approved despite herself. Suddenly he stood up, and she thought he was going to sing. He waited for the train to start, carefully rolling himself against the jolt, a nd lurched forward. M iss C lements clutched her parcel and brought her feet up. She thought of screaming. He was picking out a waltz step, gai ning in confidence as he reached the centre of the compartment. Somebody giggled, and Miss Clements looked at them fiercely. The man changed his step, bumped against the doors, and apologized. Miss Clements nodded in approval of this gallantry and looked more calmly round the carriage. People were talking rather more loudly than they had been, pretending that he was not there. Now and again one of them would glance at the drun k, with that quick embarrassed look of wonder which people are apt to reserve for the preacher as he kneels in prayer in the hymn before his sermon. So long as no one acknowledged his presence they were safe. As he shuffled and pirouetted in the centre of the carriage, a little girl in a pixie hood stood up a nd clapped her hands in delight. The man faltered, not quite sure from which di rection the sound had come, but as he revolved the train came into Gloucester Road, and the little girl was hustled out into the night air. As the doors shut they waved to one another. He began to execute a dance of his own, a kind of minuet with extravagant varia tions. T he talking became louder. He stopped and held out his hand. T he carriage became the courtroom and he the judge. The brown paper parcel slipped to the floor. Miss Clements curtsied and Jed off. It was more of a polka than a minuet that they were dancing, and yet she knew the steps. They whirled across the carriage, and blobs of colour spun in her eyes. Up to the Dubonnet, back to the typewriters, round and round went the gin and the perfume a nd the aspirins and the brassieres and the building societies. Round and round wi th them went Cadogan Square and the nursery print of St. Eustacius and Cheyne Walk a nd the forbidd ing ra ilings and the dusty length of the Cromwell Road, a nd all childhood. For a moment they were pin ned against the doors and the notice that says they will not open at the Mon umen t. If only Arthur could see her now .... if only she had her lilac dress .... if only they had a marble ballroom with pillars . . .. and Miss Clements slid to the floor.

They picked her up and sat her down. She smiled at them, and someone handed her the brown paper parcel. She took it but did not thank them. Yes, she was perfectly all right now, and yes, she could continue her journey, only she should have go t out at Earls Court. She hurried up the platform at Hammersmith praying that the ticket collector would believe her. O.R.F.D.

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SOLITUDE: an ODE Black in the Cloisters winter groans Where here and there I find Muddy puddles on paving stones Whipped by the warm, wet wind. Against the coupling at the Yard, The velvet Angelus, The silence glitters, black and hardImmortal Cerberus. She met me in a shaft of light ; Like letters in a book I met where white was black, black white The lonely sprite, Nell Cook. Caught in the soughing breeze's moan I heard her through the .gate-hinge groan: " In three by fo ur of hewn Caen stone I spend eternity alone." With smoke-closed eyes as in a dream In the hour between the light From the watchman's lantern to its beam We chatted every night. Ah me! How lone and wan she seemed In the gate's grating groa n ; And raindrops, tricked th rough moonbeams, gleamed How dull to be alone! We talked for hours and hours and hours, We talked of centuries: The heavy rain beat down the flowers And rustled in the trees. She vanished in a tomb of light, Wrapped in a puff of smoke, As on the tumult of the night The jarring prayer-bell broke. Loudly an owl exclaimed, and shrill, The tomb replied: all, all was still.

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HOW FAR SHOULD AN ARCHITECT HAVE REGARD TO PAST STYLES IN DESIGNING A CONTEMPORARY BUILDING? One of the habits of mind wh ich the Renaissance has taught us, and which it is important that we now un learn, is to think of the development of architecture in terms of developing styles. We are apt to forget that the Renaissance architects (and indeed it was the Renaissance which first produced the 'professional' architect) were the first in all the history of architecture who could afford to be preoccupied prima rily with style a nd appea ra nce. This is not to say that the early builders were indifferent to the appea rance of their buildings-very fa r from it. But until the Renaissance the major preoccupation of each age of architecture was with the discovery and development of the technical a nd structural knowledge necessary to build the buildings demanded. The Greek a nd Egyptian temples and public monumental buildings represent fundamentally the only kind of buildings which the architects of those ages were a ble to design and build, given on the one hand a prescribed function, and on the other the materials and tech nical knowledge at their command . As the early builders came to perfect their techniques, so much the more they could, and did, afford to consider aesthetic appearance; but even then only within the narrow bounds imposed by such practical considerations as the strength of their ma terials. The Greek column, for instance, grew slenderer and taller as the Greek builder came to know, empirically, the limitatio ns of the marble in which he worked: for similar reasons the soft sa ndstone temples of the Egyptians are more squat and massive than their Greek counterparts. So, also, as the ages developed, could more attention be paid to decorative detail and the aesthetic possibilities of proportion, aspect and surroundings. lt is equally true of the Roman and Gothic periods that the size a nd character of the buildings demanded evoked the successive discoveries of the a rch and dome, and of the Gothic arch, spire and building methods, and of the materials to build these- mainly concrete and brick. The period of the Renaissance which followed was the first in which no major technical adva nce was called for : consequently no major technical advance was forthcoming. Everything built in that period relied on the formal a nd structural achievements of former ages-we may hazard the guess that the Romans could have built St. Paul's- had they been so inclined. On the mainstream of developing architecture, the Renaissance was a backwater-a rich one, but one which led nowhere beyond itself. So profoundly, however, did it influence culture- as, indeed, was inevita ble- that only recently, within the last century, can we claim to have returned to the mainstream of progress. This should be cause for rejoicing after some of the post-Renaissance hideosities: after the Victorian town hall and factory. But modern architecture seems dissatisfied with itself: it is unsettled and not quite happy- especially in the presence of the old. This state of affairs should not be, because architecture has a duty to the modern world. But it is so, largely because tl1e people who know and love the Greek and the Gothic styles are unwilling to believe that the architecture offered them by modern science is able to produce buildings of any beauty at all- at least, in the way in which the old Cathedrals and palaces are beautiful. At the heart of this is the desire, by now i nnate, not to reject the .forms of these buildings of old; in other words, fro m the architect's point of view, how fa r should an architect consider past styles in designing a contemporary building? 107

THE C ANTUARIAN Aithough modern science has placed the architecture of to-day in an unprecedented position, the architects of the past can help us considerably in finding the answer to this question. A very brief survey of arch itectu re can illustrate certain points: that each new age co pies, at first slavishly, the forms of the previous age; that these indigeno us styles are produced, not by aes thetic prowess, but by function; that o nly when an architect has gained an intimate knowledge of the new structures and materials can he give full consideration to aesthetic qualities; and that, above a ll, there is no need to look back any longer once a style is established- indeed, it is pointless to do so. The so urces of Greek monumental desig n a re not known; but they probably come from Egypt through Crete. The Greeks, who knew only of the lintel form of construction a nd who had marble and wood alone with which to build their 'public monuments', were faced with only two possible alternatives. The one, to build vast, box-li ke temples and ho uses with fla t walls and immense solid ugliness (ma rble walls wou ld no t even have been sloped, as the sandstone wa lls of the Egyptians); the other was to s urround an inner 'box' with vertical, harm onio us and well proportio ned decoration- pillars supporting a cornice (in some temples, as in that of Poseidon at Paestum, the inner ' box' consists of pillars). The style was therefore dictated by material and by the character of the Greeks, and the forms- once established-dictated by tradition. The Heraion was built about 640 B.C. (the oldest known temple), and it was nearly two centuries before there was a ny concerted a ttempt to make these buildings beautiful- apart from being magnificent and well proportioned. The sturdy Doric lasted until 200 n.c., and the Ionic a nd Corinthian were lo ng in developing. Aristotle, voicing the opinions of Athenian Greece, denies tha t architecture was ever an art to the Greeks. It is at most a •fx•·•,- a functional skill ; it was, in fact, a science of engineering and of mathematical proportion. (Perhaps it is because of this scientific precision that Greek arch itecture is the only uncriticised period- it cannot be criticised.) The Greeks produced a nd sponsored tllis lovely architecture because they never lost sight either of good taste, or of that Greek 'thing' which can only be described as -roKr<Ao"; functio n was everywhere implicit. For centuries the Romans merely copied, badly, the s tyle of the Greeks in architecture as in all forms of artistic endeavo ur. But when, under Augustus and the new empire, vast crowds would assemble a nd there was no place to contain them: when it was plain that the lintel did no t suffice, then the dome and the a rch were developed- and in a remarkably short time. But they were rapidly adapted to suit Roman tastes, as two new Roman Orders were formed, and as their columns became less structural. The new invention- the arch and dome-ca lled for new materia ls; many local stones from Italy, new surfacings, and above a ll concrete were forthcoming ; and even in the First Century A.Dt Rome could claim an indigenous architecture. The Romans never made their architecture aesthetically beautiful, though; luxurious and magnificent, perhaps, but, with a very few Byzantine exceptions, the round arch was not made beautiful until Norman times. But first, the Dark Ages had to descend o n Europe, as the centre of the civilized world passed to Byzan tium which slowly faded. For long centuries Europe slept ; but when she rose and saw everywhere the proud splendour of the past, a grea t new a rt was born. A new brilliance a nd intellectua l splendour soon permeated the civilized world a nd a new architecture rose up upon the ruins of the old. At fi rst the Greek, Roman and Byzantine forms were everyw here copied, but soon they were everywhere rejected as a 108

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new character emerged, with which their weight and width were incompatible. The Romanesque style, tall, slender and picturesque with pointed arches and spires, was evolved- fron1 which in turn emerged the lovely, slender, soaring Gothic-d ifferent in style a ll over Europe, but united by a sameness of spirit- of lightness, richness, openness a nd height- and by a common newness and sense of having utterly rejected what had gone before. Luckily, the materials of old sufficed, but with a difference. Very little concrete was used anywhere-it was too heavy: stone and brick were therefore the materials used; a new method, of building in above arches was developed, of using fairly small dressed stones bound in cement. The G othic arch itects did, however, develop two very great, new structural principles. The lesser was the poin ted arch, which probably had its origin in the Roman arch in sections. This ena bled great heights to be achieved with little outward pressure and great strength. It meant therefore tha t pillars could be slenderer a nd that walls could be thinner in rela tion to height and cou ld have a greater window space. The second and greater development was in the discovery of how equilibrium, balance, and what Banister F letcher calls 'elasticity', could be used in building. Tlus was learnt entirely empirically, and was the greatest achievement of the Gothic architects-for it alone made possible the things that made Gothic architecture beautiful. "The Gothic mason, throwing the rein on the neck of experiment ... heaped up stones in towers that, rising a bove the lofty roofs of naves and transepts, tapered upwards in slender spires embroidered with lace-li ke tracery. They suspended it overhead in ponderous vaults, ornamented so as to seem mere gossamer webs pierced by cunning pendants, which pleased the fancy of the time, and which in reality sustain the very vaults from which they appea r to hang." I n this architecture, function creates a nd prevails over decoration. When the bui lders had found their feet in the new medium, then they started making such things as these had to be, beautiful and significant. Pinnacles there had to be, for s tability and weight: then, of course, their fine vision created decorative spires-how perfect they are at Cologne or Notre-Dame in Paris, and yet they do serve a purpose to the character of the age, for ever pointing, as an arrow, towards God. Gargoyles there had to be for drainage over sloping walls or roofs: decorate the lumps of stone: use devils to scare away the D evil. Buttresses there must be: make them strong- but lovely and slender. So it all developed: along a definite pattern. So, to a great extent, has the architecture that is forming to-day, developed. New functions have called for new designs and materials. And especially, there should be no need to look back, now, at the stage we have reached which is, in fact, quite advanced. This at least is true to-day, and it is perhaps more of a pointless waste than ever to look back. But, nevertheless, the a rchitecture of to-day is not entirely identifiable with that of the past. 1t is something alien and has an atmosphere of being something ' newÂˇ, 1t is modern science that has made the dirTerence. From the time of the earliest Egyptian arch itecture (c. 5000 D.C.) to the end of the Gothic period, that is, for perhaps 6,500 years, men thought that two solids of different weight fell at different speeds according to their weights! In 51 yea rs we have passed from the Wright brothers' 6 h.p. plane to supersonic rockets capable of 5,000 m.p.h. carrying a warhead the size of a football which could destroy the largest city in the world. The phenomenal advances of science which have rocked the world have made everything different, not least a rchitecture. In the first place, the functio ns of the modern buildings of a scientific age are without precedent. Except, perhaps, for churches and domestic a rchitecture and occasional 109

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halls, the buildings, roads and bridges that are being designed to-day are without functional co unte rparts more than at most a ce ntury ago; the mode rn world needs fac to ries, rai lway and air termini, 'plane han ga rs, techn ical colleges, schools, cinemas, vas t blocks of offices a nd flats, shops and stores, and so on. The requirements of such buildings have naturally called for completely new forms an d structures; wh ich, as a t previous times, have been forthcoming. The new architecture has been made by reinforced concrete and the steel frame above all else-the steel frame being possibly the greatest advance of all time. The most important of the innumerable consequences of this new medium are, briefly, that, in the steel frame lies the en tire st rength of a building- it is a complete en tity and, as in the Imperial Hotel at Tokyo (Frank Lloyd Wright) has a self-sufficient tensile stre ngt h that a building of brick piled upon brick, each part leanin g on the next, cou ld never have (The Im peria l H o tel was one of the only buildings of Tokyo left standing after the great earthquakeit is 200ft. x 300ft): the walls can therefore hang or rest as light cladding between the steel framework, and since they arc not weight-bearing can be thin and inexpensive: there is strength to hold machine tools onÂˇ the ground Ooor ; the light, ha nging wa lls allow of an enormous glass window area, and of excellent qua lities of natural lighting (very important in offices and factories)- the latter aided by thin, insulated plastic walls: ease of communication is increased an hundr~dfold by lifts and small but light staircases; and finally, vast buildings can be erected fa r more cheaply a nd easily than ever before, a nd can often be largely prefabricated or p recast. This same science has produced new materials with wh ich to build these buildings. Steel has now many forms for many different purposes. Plastic substances of all kinds a re widely used, being light, strong, thin, and able to retain heat. Plaster has even been 'reinforced' with certain cloths ; and it is plaster that the interior columns, arches a nd capita ls in the new School Hall are made of. fn short, due to modern materials such as steel, bubble concrete, plastic and reinforced concrete, great strength is no longer incompatible with extreme lightness. Stone is never used, except for decora ti ve work: it is quite heavy, not always very durab.le, a nd is extremely expe nsive. The user requirements of this scientific world demand that the architect sta rts his design inside, and he is often inclined to think of external appearance as being of seco ndary importance- far more so than in any previous age, even taking into account the Gothic architecture in which a perfectly balanced care was bestowed in interiors and exteriors. The Greeks made their temples beautiful from outside; only the occasional worshipper bearing some votive onering ever penetrated, apart from the priests; so with the Egyptians. It was exterior magnificence that the Romans sought, more than interior splendour; comfort they sought, certainly, but it was the fa9ade that mattered. It seems that in the Renaissance everything had to be crammed in behind the facade which alone mattered. Lovely rooms there were, such as the splendid cube rooms at Wi lton House (Inigo J ones) ; but it was left to the costly and inimitable Baroque- a wonderful and unique period of a rchitecture- to develop the interior. Today, however, an a rchitect who is building, for example, a technical college must fi rst know every purpose of every part of the proposed college, the details of the machine tools and machines, numbers of both staff and students, how many there are to be in every class, how large each room should be; his d esign begins with these practical, functional points a bout the interior ; outside importance tends to come a long way behind. 110

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The last reall y great difference between the a rchitecture of to-day and that of earl ier ages lies in that fo r the first time in histo ry, architecture is no longer a n independent skill. It was a 7<' X'"' to the Greeks: ' engineering' and a glo rious adventure to the Romans a nd the Middle Ages : to-day it is rapidly becoming a business of almost pure a nd specia lised engineering- combined, of course, with an experimental aesthetic essay. The architecture of to-day owes all its structures a nd ma terials to the science to which it has been moulded. An extreme example of this is the way in which the in vention of the electric motor alone made the g reat skyscrapers possible, by creating the electric elevator. To~day, a small chip of stone or plastic in the la bora tory can tell a scientist all the informa tion he needs about its po tentialities; it took the Egyptians many centuries to learn by experience the simplest facts about their sandstone- that, for example, a fou rteen foot spa n of sandstone mus t be just over six feet thick to be safe. To-day a n architect can look in his pocket reference book to see exactly what stress a five inch by fo urteen feet girder can hold- every deta il wo rked out by the mathematicians and students of mecha nics. The very materials of modern architecture have been, a nd are being, created or discovered in chemistry laboratories, and the study of mechan ics a nd properties of matter have, above all else, produced the steel fra me and its structural tensile stren gth ; architecture is no lo nger its own. It becomes, therefore, plain that in this new age of science there is practically nothing which a n a rchitect can imitate or have regard to in old styles. Structurally, the past can teach us no thin g that we cannot lea rn quickly and precisely in a labo ratory, and a design fo r a building in contemporary style need not depend at a ll on the structural achievements of the past. There is no place in contem porary architecture for the lin tel, the arch, equilibrium, balance and elasticity, mass piled upon mass a nd weightbearing walls. There are obviously the occasional exceptio ns, when sentiment o r convenience calls for deliberate imitation of the past, such as churches, Assembly Halls and small do mestic architecture; naturally enough since they reta in the functions of old, such buildings do not easily relinquish older forms a nd styles and materials. But they are a small part of modern architecture. Just as it is structurally impossible to copy from older architecture, so will an architect who seeks aesthetic guidance from old styles and forms be equally disappointed. As in previous ages, at such a stage, but now, perhaps, to a greater extent, the architecture of to-day has discarded the means by which the buildings of the past were made well pro portio ned and aesthetically beautiful. The Greek Orders (finally condemned by the hideosity of Victo ria n "imitation" on town halls a nd theatres) a re no m o re. The dome to-day canno t be mo re than ornament (in a block of offices in Holborn, it is an extremely ugly ornament). The arch, the buttress, the gargoyle, the soaring spire- not only do the tensile structures a nd smooth, straight surfaces of to-day deny them any place, but also the temperament of the modern wo rld mocks at devils, and has no room for spires. (It could be a rgued tha t old forms can be used to make a modern building aesthetically pleasing- as, for instance, in the Woolworth building in New York, which uses 'Gothic' fo rms. The answer must be that they are no t Gothic forms, having nothing of the function or structure of the Go thic a rch. In tha t case, a brilliant architect, having completely assimilated the forms of older ages, has created his own forms to prod uce wha t is, in fact, a very fine building.) Nor, it being impossible, should there be any need or desire to copy or imitate old styles. There has not been at this stage in the past. Yet the old world especially finds

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it very hard to sympathize with our modern architects. Tha t is, perhaps, due to the incredibly rapid structura l adva nce of the new architecture over no more than fi fty yea rs, which has not allowed the old styles to be forgotten yet. People are quickly adaptable in matters which concern comfor t and convenience, but infinitely less so in their aesthetic tastes. The fact that the Pa rthenon, St. Peter's, Cologne Cathedra l or Ca nterbury were the richest and largest buiJdings that man created, in their time, of itself did a very great dea l to give them aes thetic qualities of a kind of which Cathedrals a nd pa laces a lone held a monopoly. Palaces and Cathedrals were the hallma rk of a na tion's wealth and aesthetic taste ; so Florence and Venice are rich in both. But London has many a block of flats or offices higher than the Doge's Palace, even Canterbury Cathedral's nave. The magic of size is lost when a factory (at Oak Ridge) covers sixty acres, or when skyscra pers can boast of fifty or eighty floors-the whole usually crowned by a prosaic functional du llness. In ye t more abstract terms, the achievement in which man seems to take pride is no t, now, the piling of brick upon brick, pin nacle upon pin nacle or dome upon dome to soarin g heights, but the heaping of fact upon fact and of ever new knowledge upon knowledge. The change has left a great temporary gap in architecture.

But such losses and the fact that the architecture of the past can be of negligible guida nce to-day, are no cause for retrospective mourning. Never has there been born a richer architecture, so endless in possibilities, structura l, aesthetic, functiona l, a nd socia l. No practica l size or shape is denied us; the aesthetic potentialities of colour and tones a re endless- immense effect can be gained by skilful juxtaposition of walls in different pla nes to give variety of tone; sheer size combined with proportion can still make a magnificent building, as in the United Nations blocks in Pa ris, or in the case of the Woolworth or Empire Sta te buildings in New York. Na tural lighting a nd heating and interior proportions make ma ny a modern building a joy to be in. It is unquestionable tha t one of modern architecture's greatest achievements has been to awaken a new consciousness of aesthetic possibilities in interiors of a smaller scale than those of palaces and cathedrals. In many schools, shops and factories built in recent yea rs, one ca n be conscious of a great effort to make the p lace aesthetically and functionally a good place to be in. T he discoveries and ad vances of to-day should be used to ma ke a great new spirit in arch itecture, which may span, not one country or continent, but the whole world ; not stereotyped, but springing everywhere from a living inspiration. And it must be remembered that to appreciate and rejoice in the beauty and excellence of the arts of former ages, it is not necessary to copy them. Their inspira tion is not ours. Architecture has a great duty in the modern world. No thing has so much influence on the environment of a community, and nothing, to-day, unites so many bra nches of study or draws science so surely into contact with the 'humanities' . Ruskin said that a ll good a rchitecture is the expression of national life a nd character. In this age in which life tends to be rather unstable and insipid and whose character is that of precocious science, inspired architects can do much to form life and character, a nd to accomplish that most urgent of all modern tasks, the humanizing of modern science. The S. C. Johnson Administration building in Wisconsin (Fra nk Lloyd Wright) is a fine example of a way in which this could be achieved. Even photographs can show that it is a wonderful place to live and work in . The great spaciousness yet intimate pleasantness of it all, and the human factor tha t was so obviously intrinsic in the original design have made of it a place from which the workers were often unwilling to return home, a place 112

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in which they could enjoy work, and in which they could take a pride- the modern world desperately needs objects to which they can devote their pride. The building proved to have a great part in the happiness of its workers' lives; and not only did it pay substantially, but also tended to produce a desirable sort of character. Architecture is made for men: the human values are of the utmost importance. As well as being able to exert considerable influence over individuals, a rchitecture can do much to assist national pride. Pericles, in 429 n.c., said in his great funera l oration, </Jt"AoKa">..oupw 'l"eu tta""A.11.-m~ : the Greeks were not shy or scornful of beautiful surro undings- they saw that a pride in and a love of environment was completely necessary to the full prosperity of a nation. Indeed, it is their architecture, li terature a nd a rt for which Athens is remembered, a nd which have gained for her, her unrivalled esteem among men. T he F rench rejoice i n the new United Natio ns build ings in Pa ris and the Ghanans in their fine new gove rnmenta l buildings. America between the wa rs, as well as to-day, has gai ned immense prestige for her skyscrapers and pioneering arch itecture, and Western Germany, building up a new nation, has gained great respect from the world for her contributions in architecture and engineering. Architecture to-day has a vast and unbounded duty. It must be created anew, given vitality and life, and given the confidence of the people, for whom the factories and cinemas and houses are built. Yet, it is at this moment developing steadily, and we are now on the threshold of a great age. At the heart of every past style has been the curve- the wonderfully subtle curve of the Greek Orders and Architrave, the bending Roman arch and the tall Gothic arch. Modern designers, in the search for newness and economy, have hitherto drastically restricted themselves to the straight line; but curves are returning-to furniture, walls, ceilings- and often in fo rms more subtle and aesthetically pleasing than ever before. The tendency to build either high and thin or low and long is losing ground as these fine new centres of world politics are rising. Let the architect of to-day therefore loo k forward. He must study the architecture of the past, skilful, beautiful, rich or magnificent as it is. But let him concentrate on creating new forms for new functions, and on making both form and function more beautiful. The past has to be studied and assim ilated, for although there is nothing structural o r functio nal to be gained, it can help him solve the a ll important question, "How to make man's necessary environment more beautiful for him?": for there is a unity in all art of all ages, and the spirit of that art is the sam e now as it was in 500 B.c.; the inspiration of old can revitalise and give strength, direction and purpose to the inspiration of to-day. But we must not copy or imitate the old. Liverpool Cathedral has vast, brick, Gothic shaped arches which are far too enormous to stand of their own accord. They are sustained by concealed and expensive steel girders. Such design is unpardonable to-day, incurring two charges, one of artistic dishonesty and the other of lost opportunity-apart from the wasteful expense. The first charge implies a lack of inspiration to build a building to fit function and the mood of the age-and no such important building should ever be designed without inspiration. The second charge, which implies this, implies also imitation and unwarranted conservatism. Ma ny, many people can take a lot of harmonious forms and make of them a harmonious whole: but the great architects and the great ages create and develop harmonious forms. But above all, the second implies the shirking of duty and the wasting of the enormously great opportunities offered to modern archi tecture; to remain holden to old forms in the belief that new forms cannot be as beautiful, is folly 113

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and cowardice in the world of to-day. Let an architect love and study the styles of old, but let him build whole-heartedly according to the functions, the spirit and the materials of his day, to reflect a ll the worthwhile hopes and aspirations of hi.; generation . Posterity will praise him. T.C.J.C-T .

THE BALLAD OF THE BAD SPRING I' II have a face cut for thee worse than Gamaliel R atsey's

Gamaliel Ralsey hung on the gallows; His face was as grey as a sheet; The blood flowed from his nose in furrows But his heart no longer beat. If fifty such were spiralling In the contumelious air We could not grasp the signalling or the dead men's dead despair.

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Forewarn the topmost brave kaffir Of the fate he'l l undergo And the shipments strewn on the a ir or the moon Of courage will not flow, But consume in frost and crystallise And the earth look fai r below, For who wo uld climb, except the wise, To a realm he did not know? The earth looks ba re from a broken stair, And the twisted spiral craves That a man should see what should never beThat Jaw forbids and age depravesT hat he look on the gross and bitter sea And the gross and bitter waves. If a white bird flies fro m the upper skies And shrieks from the bitter air We will bow our heads and seck our beds And pretend it was not there. And if G amaliel Rntsey's ghost Should inha bit the form of a bird We'd shut the shutter and pull the blind and boast We had never heard. 114

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EDUCATION: A REPLY We are all passionately interested in this subject of education, and many of us must have read the article in the last issue of The Cantuarian in the hope of finding a clear statement of ends and methods: it would be interesting to be told by an authority exactly what we IVere about. The article, when sifted, reduced itself to two propositions: (I ) the subjects we teach at school a re not in the least important, for the writer himself, if he were now put to the test, could pass only in three "0" Level subjects! (2) we must find something to put in the place of the "subject" approach. (Here the reader's interest will have quickened: we are about to be told the mechanism for producing "sane, happy, useful men a nd women".) What? "I should be quite prepared to let tbe experts decide", declares the writer .... and with a few observations about the importance of "not attempting to mou ld our children into a pattern", the article ends, and I for one am left with the feeling that too much has been demolished and too little erected in its place. The whole subject is indeed too vast for the length of an article, and I would like to deal only with the two points which have been raised. First, the subject of "subjects". l write in all seriousness, and with no intention of a jibe, when I say that I am sure that it is significant that it has been raised by a classics teacher. Every year some thousands of children in this country take Latin at "0" Level only to drop it thankfully in the VI form, when university entrance requirements are fulfilled. The writer is right. Noone has proved that these children's minds have been improved by their studies of irregular verbs. At the very points at which the subject has begun to become of value it has been dropped. It is not possible here to go into all the reasons for the survival of this study throughout our grammar schools (though I will provide them if challenged). My point is tha t what the writer has said of the study of Latin does not apply to most other subjects. Is the teacher of English, bringing to Hfe the mental struggles of Macbeth, re-creating the full-blooded humour of Falstaff, or li ngering over the poetry of the forest of Arden, wasting his time, and merely indulging in pedagogy? Is the physics teacher explaining atomic structure, or the biology teacher discussing mutations, aware of the academic aridity of his subject? Is the historian, re-creating the thought-world of St. Francis or Queen Elizabeth, or the geographer explaining the distribution of oil throughout the world, aware that his subject is one which is neither of pleasure nor importance to the boys who listen to him? I' faith, a school must be dull indeed to make a boy bored with his "subjects".

..'I

The writer has engaged in personal reminiscences, and perhaps I may be excused if I mention two of my own. At school I took "A" Level Mathematics and gained a distinction. I could not now immediately do an "A" Level Calculus paper (thus far I agree with the writer), but I could do so given a few weeks in which to prepare : in short I would know how to set about it. And "know-how", as the Americans say, is the important thing. But there is something still more important. I learnt something of inestimable value: I learnt the beauty of mathematics: I have the same feeling of pleasure at reading an ingenious mathematical proof that I have when I look a t the Ephebe of Kritios, or the Discobolos of Myron: they have the same geometrical perfection. I would not have been deprived of this "subject" for worlds. The second is this: I have seen a form grow strangely quiet as some tale unfolds, perhaps it is of the 115

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fate of Richard II, or of the quandary of Elizabeth in dealing with that Jezebel of Scotland: eyes have become large and round, and one knows that for a brief moment twenty boys have been transported from the pedestrian world of here-and-now into a wider world of human problems and emotions ; that, I believe, is an experience of inestimable value. I do not believe that "subjects" are the dead things the writer would have us believe.

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It is difficult to examine the second idea of the writer's article: as difficult as to judge of the healtl1iness of a baby before it is born. For this idea isn't really born: it is merely in embryo. We must find new methods, the writer says, because "we have failed utterly, and having failed, we sit back .... ". I am not aware of so colossal a failure; but let that pass. What new methods? We must teach human relationships better; there must be more tours, more camps, more social mixing. No-one will seriously quarrel with these harmless points. We half-expected an entirely new educational theory, and we have been offered- holiday camps! Mr. Lyward's Answer, in fact, on a national scale. Praiseworthy and innocuous enough, but why in the name of heaven is this to be made in some way a substitute for the "subjects"? Can we not cultivate human relationships always without abandoning our studies? 1 do not believe that the best way to understand people is always to mix with them; a few weeks ago all England saluted the nobility of the Hungarians; now that the Yorkshire miners have met them they have branded them "the scum of Hungary". There are many who feel most misanthropic when in the presence of a crowd. The solution of the problem is not as easy as the writer would have us believe.

The truth is that no simple formula will meet the case. You will not produce "sane, happy, useful men and women", a nd eliminate unhappy marriages, by the " holidaycamps" method of increased social mixing, nor by suppressing the present examination system; nor by any other easy means repair the ravages of two world wars, distracting world problems, a decaying economic system and declining standards. It is a frequent ambition among teachers and politicians to mould character; it is a dangerous idea, and the twentieth century has seen too much of it. True character is not moulded; it grows under the beneficent influence of beautiful ideas, preference for truth, and selfdiscipline, as well as by human relationships. Nothing good will be achieved by lowering academic standards (the chief hope of the survival of public schools into the future) in the hope that we shall the better teach boys how to live. As well tell the artist that he need no longer attend Life classes, and that he will be the saner and happier artist for the omission; or tell a carpenter that he would be a much saner and happier carpenter if he managed without tools and wood. Dr. Johnson said that a man is rarely more innocently employed than when he is making money; I would say that a boy is rarely more profitably employed than when he is using his brains.

R.W.H.

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CENSORSHIP It has been said that: " There is no such thing as a moral or immoral piece of literature"; being somewhat of a cynic, the p erson who sa id it believed that every man was a law unto himself and because every man was di!Terent, that he must be judged by a set of va lues appropriate to himself. rn this he was taking the extreme interpretation of " J udge not tha t ye be not judged". Society must make some sort of compromise, for, just as it can not and does not tolerate all its eccentrics, so i t o ught not to to lerate some of the litera ture that is printed today. Censorship is bound to be a delicate problem, because the effect of practical ru les on literature tends to be restricting and therefore very often damag ing. It is hard to find a ny direct me thod of improving literary standards, for criteria have ye t to be esta blished. No body has decided whether a piece of litera ture should be judged by the subject matter, the skill of the artist (these two are often inseparable), the a mount of pleasure it gives, the amount of passionate feeling it contains, or by its moral content. These and other questions must be answer ed before one can begin to decide what constitutes a good (not necessarily a great) piece of literature, and to find o ut how a compromise can be reached between the equ ally d istasteful extremes of tolerance (which merely becomes a syno nym for laxity) a nd censorship. At best, therefore, we ca n o nly hope to single out a desirable attitude to apply to literature today, fo r it is not so much a question of keeping obscen ity and licen tio usness o ut of literature as of promotin g a general attitude of constructive criticism and discriminatio n and of re-adjusting a wa rped stan dard of va lues.

Plato held an extreme form of an attitude which is widely held today. T o him, litera ture was merely an aid in the educa ti on of the guardians. To achieve his ideal of the perfect gua rdian by a rigoro us educatio n, he was in favo ur of extreme censorship in order to avo id any representation of mankind in an ignoble light, because he tho ugh t this would be li kely to wa rp the minds of the future guard ians. He wanted to sever the guardians from " the impress of that which is evil in character" or " m o ral deformi ty" ("'"<0o,, ~); to to do this, he was willing to cut out any passages of literature which did not conform to his ideal of man, irrespective of w hether these passages were true or not. This argument in favo ur of censorship retai ns its significance only beca use of its influence today in giving rise to the popular belief that a piece of literature can be " immoral" o r "obscene" because it conflicts with an established moral code. Ulysses was, until a few years ago, banned in the U nited Sta tes because it was considered beyond the bou nds of taste. The Un ited Stales first judged it on its potential "cheap" value a nd a ppeal to the " lowest common mu ltiple" of the people and objected to it on the same gro unds as P la to would have don e- that it would corrupt the minds of people who could not look at it detachedly an d be ab le to read with discrimi na tion. Fortunately this decision was reversed and at the same time so was the method of judgement. United States District Judge Woolsey saw it purely in the light of the truthfu lness of its report on the nature of man, and he did this not merely because it was Joyce's explicit statement that in Ulysses he was tracing a June da y in the Jives of persons of the lower middle classes living in Dublin in 1904. This method of judgement, although probably used unconsciously by Woolsey, is the ax is of all Ezra Pound's critiques concerning art. Pound argues that: " the arts, literature, poesy, are a science, just as chemistry is a science. Their subject is man, mankind a nd the ind ividual". "The arts give us a great deal of the lasting and unassailable da ta regarding 11 7

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the na ture of man." From the arts, he says, we see that not a ll men are the same and we are able to find out more abo ut their psychology and how they can be governed. Bad art is inaccurate art, and it gives a false report on the nature of man. Now, if a scientist falsifies a report, we consider him immoral o r crimina l according to the degree of his negligence; therefore it is qu ite possible for an artist to make his art immoral (or 'deformed') by not making it give an accurate report on the nature of man. Therefore, according to Pound, good literature would give an accurate report on the nature of man and as such could not be immoral. This argument wo uld seem to have g reat possibilities, and it would have the support of most people if it did not imply that books like The Amorous Adventures of a Lady of Quality would be allowed to be published. For books like these do deal with the nature of man (or woman!), however "abno rmal" their behaviour may be considered. M ost people (and I am not one of them) would not genuinely advocate the publication of this book, for they would say it was deliberately obscene. It is at tlus point that the false standard of values I alluded to previously has crept in. Let us contrast a passage from the above-mentioned book (I shall not insult the reader's imagination by actually quoting) with one from Delderfield's Worm's Eye View which, although a play, is still literature: BELLA : "Well, just before you came here I remember looking out of the window at a lovely view over the bay, all purple and orange and smoky. It was so quiet and sweet you could even hear the birds twittering in that funny old tree in next door's ga rden- you know, the one with the coconut shells swinging on it." MARK: "Yes?" I

BELLA : "Then some trippers went by shouting and singing, a policeman went up to them and started a scuffle and one was dragged off swearing and nobody looked at the sunset at all .... anyway, it was all spoiled a nd horrid." MARK: "Bella, it's just extraordinary the way you think a nd feel the same way as I do, and knew it, I knew it the m oment I set eyes o n you." I have chosen the latter passage not only because it is a supreme example of "treacle" , but also because the play it has been taken from was performed extremely successfully in front of the School (altho ugh the producer judiciously cut th is scene), and ran for five years in London, a fact which cannot but cast the severest aspersions on modern taste. Both these passages give an accura te report on the nature of man, even if it is of his eccentricity; but one gives an exposure of behaviour for the criticism of the reader, while the o ther holds up a soggy a nd dirty sentimentality for the reader (or a udience) to adnlire and identify themselves with. Thus what has been implicit throughou t must now be made explicit: literature must give an accurate report of the nature of man, and if it also gives a commentary, it must do so without pandering to his baser passions. Furthermore, no reasonable reader, if he were to give his real opinion and not one founded on pre-supposed criteria, would say that the Lady of Quality was any less "normal" than M ark or Bella, and he would probably prefer the honesty of the former to the moribund slobber of the latter. It is not ha rd to see that to censor the abovementioned book but not the play, is not only unreasonable but plainly warped. 118

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The criteria I have suggested for judging literature can only remain a matter of attitude, for aesthetic things cannot be tabulated in legislation. And it would be naive to expect the adoption of this attitude, for those who have most influence over the country (presumably journalists) will not open the eyes of the m an in the street and, by doing it, expose their own multiple failings. Nor is it likely that the State will surrender its genial guidance of thought for the sake of balanced criticism. Were it adopted, it would again be naive to expect a social revolution. However, I truly think that this attitude would do nothing but good, and that many social taboos and problems would be either eliminated or softened by it. H .A.S.B.

THE ABILITIES OF AN ELECTRONIC BRAIN* "An electronic brain can only answer problems its maker has already worked out." This is a statement of a common popular belief: I set it out not to illustrate it but to attack it. First of all, the popular view thinks of problems as independent unities. 2 3 4 is apparently q uite a different pro blem from 2 + 3 + 5, a nd the maker of the brain has worked out the a nswers to each independently. Now consider the problem of multiplying together two numbers of six digits each. T here are no less tha n 500,000,000,000 possibilities of different numbers in this s um. Let us say that the maker of the bra in is quite expert at working these particular sums out, and does one a minu te. Grant this man 10 hours' work regularly every day, a nd you will fi nd that he takes rather more tha n 225,000 years to complete his calculations. Bear in mind that the a utoma tic brain was first thought of in the nineteenth century, and tha t 225,000 years ago Homo Neanderthalensis was in his prime. No r does it help to have 100 men working on it, because they would have had to have sta rted in the time of Euclid. Then the brain clearly does not simply refer to the previous calculations of its maker when faced with a problem; nor does it refer to his previous solution of the simple a rithmetical sums involved in the problem. What it does do ought to be obvious : it does what its maker would have done, it simply applies its tables. The maker has already built these in. A further fact simplifies this: most electronic bra ins work not with digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, but with only two, 0 and I. An example will show what this mea ns. When we write 114 we mean: 1 x 102 l X 101 4 x 10Â°. In the notation of the electronic brain this is represented by 1110010, which is: I x 26 1 x 2 5 + 1 x 2~ + 0 x 23 + 0 x 2 2 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 2Â°. So the machine only needs to know its 1 times ta bles, while we have to know up to our 9 times. The machine gains this advantage at the expense of having to use on average about 3.3 times m o re digits for each number.

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But the upholders of the popular opinion a re still not satisfied. "Perhaps the whole ari thmetic doesn't have to be worked out by the maker, but at least the maker or the user has to work out how the machine applies its tables." This is not so obviously false, and in fact it is true of the earlier and simpler brains. Practice in use of brains has been revea ling here: Firstly, an electronic brain can by check ing techniques be made virtually fault-proof. There is (a) interna l checking, where each operation circuit has some gadget added for testing. The ideal is to have the whole m achine in duplicate, and to make the machine stop w hen the two sides get difTerent results. This sort of checking takes no more time, bu t it needs more gadgets, so cheapness and smallness o f gadgets are a great ad van tage. T here is (b) external check ing, done by the programmer (t llC man who tells the machine how to solve t he problem). He makes the machine perfor m operatio ns twice, perhaps wi th a different method each time, and tells the machine to stop if it doesn't get the same answer each time. This needs no more gadgets, but it takes more time. Machines are getting both faster, and smaller and cheaper as research continues, so that both forms of checking become more practicable. Secondly, it has been found more practicable to have only a few sorts of operations within the machines. At first several gadgets used to be put in for finding sin x reciprocals, etc. But the more gadgets, the more parts there are to be maintained, and to go wrong. When a machine can do 10,000 operations a second it has a fair amount of time to work out all its problems by only addition, subtraction and multiplication.

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These two points arc important from the point of view of the programmer. The second inevitably puts more work on the programmer, and so gives more opportunities for him to go wrong. The firs t is important because of the old maxim about the strength of a chain . There's no point in having an infa ll ible machine if the problem is bungled before it ever reaches t he machine. And this is almost ce rtain to happen in at least one place in each major problem. How easy it is to slip up is illustrated by the improbable story of the unfortu nate programmer who blew severa l hundred va lves by fo rgetting to remi nd his mach ine (the E niac) not to d ivide by 0. So machines have been bui ll to do the job of t he programmer. The user si mply tells his machine the equations he wants solved, a nd the machine knows what each symbol means in terms of addition, subtraction and mu ltiplication, and from this writes out the programme. Finally, the mathematical tables incorporated in the operation circuits of the machine are really nothing more than definitions of the operations: multiplication ( X ) is defined as that which yields: 0 x 0 is 0, 0 X I is 0, l x 0 is 0, and 1 x 1 is I. And this is the only multiplication table the machine possesses. Even the programming machine simply consists of circuits defining complicated functions in terms of simple ones. So no information has been given to the machine other than the meaning of the terms involved. A ll that now remains of the original contention is : "An electronic brain can on ly answer a problem when it has been told what t he problem is". And t his is natura l enough.

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RICHARD JOHNSON : A 17TH CENTURY HEADMASTER

Richard Johnson was appointed Usher at the King's School in 1681 , and three years later the Dean and Chapter thought well enough of him to recommend him for his "skill and diligence", and to appoint him Headmaster. In 1689 he was dismissed for "neglect of duty". There is an excellent short notice of this eccentric character in "Woodruff and Cape", and now Adam Thomas has published a History of the Free School at Nottingham, and adds some further informat ion. It is with his full permission that l quote fro m his interesting book: "Johnson seems to have been a satisfactory Master until December, 1688, and then, within the space of six months, he was three times admon ished by the Dean and Chapter 'for neglect of the duty of his place'. Finally, on August 3, J689, it was decreed 'the Master's place of the School bee vo id after three admon itions given him and for his lcaueing of the schoolc'. "On the face of it this seems a clear-cut case of dismissal for negligence, but closer exam inati on of the facts suggests another, more likely explanation of Johnson's departure from Canterbury. Events of tremendous importance, which were to have their effects on the lives of most of the people of Britain, were taking place at this very time. James II, in his short reign, had made himself objectionable to the greater part of his subjects, and in July, 1688, a group of powerful magnates invited William of Orange to come over and rescue the country from his father-in-law's attempts to impose Roman Catholicism on it. William landed at Torbay, with an armed force, on November 5. By Christmas D ay, James 11 was a refugee in France. Many folk remained loyal to the King who had deserted them, and refused to take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy exacted from clergy, schoolmasters and others, shortly afterwa rds. A further group, who felt no special affection for James H, joined them in refusing to swear, on the grounds that they had al ready sworn similar oaths to James. All these men, no matter what their reasons were for refusing to take the oaths, came to be called non-jurors. "Now Johnson, we know, was a non-juror, and remained so until at least 1699! The Dean and Chapter of Canterbu ry, on the other hand, made no bones about accepting William and Mary. This, taken in conju nction with the facts that Johnson was clearly well-thought-of by his governing body until the Revolution, a nd was then admonished three times in rapid successio n, strongly suggests that the D ea n and Chapter turned against him because of his unwillingness to accept the House of Orange. Clergy, Schoolmasters and certain other persons were a llowed till August I, 1689, to take the oaths. If they had, by that time, fai led lo do so, they were suspended for six months, and then deprived of their positio ns. Johnson, it would seem, felt it wiser to quit his post voluntarily. He had probably already gone, when, on August 3, his place was declared vacant. "lf further evidence of the truth of this explanation of Johnson's departure from Canterbury is needed, it may be pointed oul that Dr. Sharp, later Archbishop of York, and the person on whose recommendation Johnson was appointed to Nottingham School, became Dean of Canterbury just two months after Johnson left the King's School. He must have known the true facts of Johnson's resignation, or ejectment, and though it was eighteen years later that he suggested his name to No ttingham Council, he must surely have remembered the events of 1689. ln fact, since it is unlikely that he had any knowledge of Johnson except what he had heard in Canterbury, and perhaps gained from reading his books, Johnson's behaviour during the crisis of th e Revolution may well have been the 121

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I I

...II,

Archbishop's main reason for recommending him as a candidate for the vacant position at Nottingham. Sharp was certa inly not a non-juror, but he was a man of broad sympathies, and high ideals, and his recommendation of Johnson is strong reason for believing that the latter left Canterbury for honourable rather than discreditable reasons." Mr. Thomas thinks that Johnson held no teaching post between 1689 and 1706, but in that year he was teaching in Kensington, and shortly afterwards he was appointed Headmaster of the Free School at Nottingham. At this stage his chief claim to fame was his Grammatical Commentaries, published in 1706. Little is known of his Headmastership at Nottingham, but Mr. Thomas continues: "Then, quite sudden ly, in June of 1718, a Council Minute reveals the fact that a new Master was to be sought in the place of Johnson . Two reasons were given : first, that 'for all or most of the time he hath been Master' of the School, 'he hath very m uch omitted and neglected to teach and instruct the Sons of the Burgesses of the said Town of Nottingham', and second, that 'for the space of three Months and upward' he 'hath been and now is Delirious and Non Compos Mentis, Whereby he is become incapable of performing and executing the Office and Duty of Master of the said Free-School'. "Some idea of the events which led to these charges against Johnson can be obtained from his own writings. For many years he had been engaged at intervals upon the ambitious plan of publishing a complete Latin Grammar, to replace the one then in general use, which was about two hundred years old, and, in Johnson' s opinion-and that of many other scholars-seriously defective. This project was interrupted in 1711 by the publication of Richard Bentley's edition of Horace. Johnson obtained a copy of this from a friend at Cambridge, studied it, and at once conceived a violent dislike for Bentley's plan as well as the detail of his treatment. Johnson was an exact scholar, whereas Bentley, though of grea t learning, was inclined to give too free a rein to his imagination. He was always ready to suggest more lively readings in cases where the accepted text of the poet was obscure. Bentley was perhaps the first great textual emender, but he exercised no restrait in his treatment of Horace. He introduced nearly eight hundred alterations into the text of the poet in a most arrogant fashion. Jo hnson, a much more conservative person, was horrified, a nd j udged Bentley to be conceited, a man without respect fo r the classics, and a bad Latinist into the bargain. Johnson had no great sense of humour, but he introduced one amusing passage into his Aristarchus Anti-Bentleianus in which he imagined himself, working on similar principles to those employed by Bentley, faced with the task of editing a verse of the ballad Ben Bostock. By the time he had altered this word because it was quite obviously a copying error, and that phrase because it would make better sense if it were something else, the verse had taken on a completely new form." That Johnson was neglecting his school duties we may weU believe: that he was non compos mentis seems much more doubtful. When dismissed from Nottingham, he refused to go, and when the Mayor somewhat doubtfully brought an action against him at the Assizes in 17 J9, Johnson conducted his case with skill, and won it. It appears that upon his first being dismissed, he asked for a certificate of worthiness as a teacher, "in order that he might earn his bread in other places". Not for the last time in the academic world, a teacher received a glowing report in order to get rid of him; and it was this testimonial which he produced, to the discomfiture of the Mayor, at the Assizes. Johnson seems to have enjoyed himself at his trial. He was cross-examined by a pompous and conceited counsel retained by the Corporation, named Abney. After numerous 122

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THE CANTUARIAN

attempts to beliltle Johnson, Abney declared: "In short, Mr. Johnson, that has happened to you, which Felix imputed to St. Paul; much learning hath made thee mad". Johnson replied that the judge and the court wou ld agree with him "that the counsel would never be mad from the same cause". In the end it was agreed that Johnson should go, but that the Corporation should pay him a pension for the rest of his life. Messrs. Woodruff and Cape are a little too ready to assume the insanity of this redoubtable man! Johnson was found drowned in 172 1, and Woodruff and Cape believe that it was a case of suicide and derangement of mind. Mr. Thomas shows that it was more likely to have been a stroke. No matter; Johnson was a man of parts, an excellent classical scholar and something of a poet ; perhaps no schoolmaster, but a controversialist of no mea n cal ibre. There have been both better, and less interesting, headmasters. R .W.H.

A STUDY OF THE BELLS OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL TWELVE BELLS, CLOCK BELL, AND "BELL HARRY"

Wt. in cwt. 5

31!

THOMAS MEARS FECIT LONDON A.D. R EDDITA

T. POWYS on W WELFITI V on E WALSBY Rr T MEARS FECIT

SAMUL NORRIS AD MDCCLV

No. l

Note G

Diam. in ins.

Inscription Inscriptions not examined by the author, but both bells cast in 1923 by Mears and Stainbank.

GUL5

1802

PACB

H RADCLIFFE Tr

1802

GOSTLING

1726

BENJ HARRISON AM THESAUR0 HG AUSTIN ARCIIIyo C & G MEARS FOUNDERS LONDON

GUL-AYERST STB GUL EGERTON LLD JOHANNES GOSTLING AM SAMKNIGHT 1726

SAM-HOLCOMBE STB STB SK 1726 R.B.

DAVID W ILKINS STP EDWARDUS WAKE STP SK AD MDCCLV

JOHN

BENJ HARRISON AM THESAUR0 H. G. AUSTIN ARCHIT0 C. & G. MEARS FOUNDERS LONDON

123

CLARKE 1726

THE C ANTUARIA N

No. 9

Note F

II 12

Diam. in ins. 43!

Wt. in 15

lnscriptron IOHANNES GRANDORGE STP JOHNNES HA NCOCKE STP SK 1727

RADULPHUS BLOOMER STP SYDAL STP SK FECIT 1726

51~

23~

EDUARDUS TEN ISON STP HONEDUARDUS F INCH AM SK FECIT 1728

57k

YE RINGERS ALL T HAT PR IZE YOUR HEALTH AND H APPINESS

CIVI.

ELLAS

1313 SOBER MERRY WISE AND YOU'LL THE SAME POSSESS PACK AND

C lock

C sharp

GUILI ELMO FRIEND STP DECANO PACK OF LONDON FECIT 1762

wm "Bell Harry"

,, If

lou

CHAPMAN OF LONDON

FBCIT

1778

LESTER

AND

••

C HAPMA N MOLDED MB

10SEPH HATC H M E FECIT 1635

Of these, the first twelve constitute the "ring". The clock bell (Great Dunstan) is a lso used as a d eat h bell ; "Bell H arry" is used to call lo daily ma ll ins and evensong, and is rung daily at 9 p.m. in the summer and at 8 p.m. in the winter. This bell is also used to an nounce the death of the reignin g monarch and the Archbishop of Ca nterbury. The first definite me nti o n of the bells is made in connection with two successive Priors, Ernulph and Conrad , who considerably a ltered a nd enlarged La nfra nc's cathedral a t the beginning of the twe lfth century. f rom a n entry in Anglia Sacra, it seems th at Prior Ernu lph gave o ne la rge bell, which was recast by his successor Conrad , who added to it fo ur sma ller ones. Sixly years later, Prior Wibcrt added a sixth of very large size, the entry concerning it being: "Signum quoque magnum in cloca rio posuit, q uod lriginta duo homines ad sonandum trahunt". This entry shows tha t the bell was ru ng in the co ntinental manner of treading on a plank or p lanks fastened across th e heads tock. Certain ly thirty-two men ha nging on to one bell-rope challenges the imagina tio n. These six bells were probably in the Campan ile and there appear to have been only two more additions. H en ry of Eastry added one bell dedicated to St. Thomas-the-Martyr in 1316, which weighed eighty cwt., and Prior H a thbrand ( 1339-70) p laced "duo magnas campanas in cloca rio", appropriately named " Jesus" and "Dunstan". (Hasted sta tes incorrectl y that these two bells were in the clock tower.) When the Campanile fell after the earthquake in 1382, though the bells were probably broken we have no record of the disposition of the metal. The centra l tower was furnished by Henry of Eastry in I 3 I 7 with three bells weigh ing 9!, 12 and 13 cwt., a nd we have records that these cost £65 9s. Od., exclusive of fra me and fittin gs. Archbishop Arundel gave four bells weighing 15, 19, 32 and 80 cwt., and Prior Thomas Chillende n ( 1391- 14 11 ) gave a bell dedica ted to the Blessed Trin ity, which was also probably hung in the Central Tower. The record of t he benediction of the five b ells is still preserved in the registry a t La mbet h. 124

I I

THE CANTUARIAN

At the close of the century the tower seems to have been rebuilt and the five bells consecrated by Archbishop Arundel were removed to the North-West Tower, now known as the Arundel Tower. However, other bells remained in the. Central Tower, Eastry's three and two others of whose casting no record seems to have been preserved. These five were confiscated by the Crown at the dissolution in 1540 and their metal sold. The Central Tower, today known as "Bell Harry", now contains only one beii- "Bell Harry"- which tradition affirms to have been the gift of Henry VIII and to have been brought from France. The name given to it seems corrobative of the tradition. It has been recast, as it now bears the date 1635, but even so it is in a bad state of preservation with a large piece broken out of the lip. Prior Eastry was also thefirstdonor to the North-WestTower. In 1316hegavefour bells, three of wh ich weighed 17, 19 and 21 cwt. and formed a ring; the smaller one weighing 6t cwt. was used only to summon the Chapter. We have no record of further changes or additions, apart from the moving of the Arundel ring, but in 1726 the tower contained six bells which were taken down and recast into a ring of eight by Samuel Knight of London. These were not, however, replaced in the same tower, but were installed in the South-West Tower. The inscriptions preserved by Hasted on the old ring clearly show that Eastry's five bells had been recast, probably more than once. They were: I. JOSEPHUS HATCH ME FEC!T 1635 II. JOSEPHUS HATCH ME FECIT 1636 III. 'Ut. ~. ,farpor, enmte 'Ql:J)ourn lli'tn t)ro $lobi5 IV. <e. l\. 1\obertns Jflot me jfecit 1585 V. 3JosepfJn5 ~ntcb mnbe me 1606 VI. ~ente 'Ql:rinitnti cnmpnna {Jec sncra primo fusn 1408 seumbo 1624 3Josepbus ~ntcb me jfecit The inscription on the treble (No. I) is suspiciously like that on "Bell Harry".

The six bells which were recast form the back eight of the present twelve in the SouthWest Tower. The tenor was recast by Pack and Chapman of the Whitechapel Foundry in 1778. In 1802 two new treble bells were added by Thomas Mears and the third and sixth bells were recast by C. and G. Mears in 1855. The old ten were hung in a two-tier timber frame, five above and five below. In 1897 they were rehung in a massive cast-iron frame on one level, designed by the late Mr. J. R. Jerram and executed by Mr. Thomas Blackbourne of Salisbury. At the same time, new quarter chimes were added, composed by the Rev. F. J. 0. Helmore, Precentor of the Cathedral. In 1923, two more trebles were added to the old ten as a memorial to the 56 members of the Kent County Association of Change Ringers who fell in the First World War. They were cast by Messrs. Mears and Stain bank. The South-West or Chichele Tower until 1726 only seems to have accommodated Great Dunstan, given by Prior Molash in 1430 to replace Hathbrand's "Dunstan" and stated to have weighed 80 cwt. Whether it survived until 1758 is unknown, but in that year "Dunstan" was cracked in a somewhat misplaced attempt to tell it by striking it with a hammer. A futile attempt to mend the crack with solder was made, and the bell was eventually recast within the Precincts; an operation which introduced the old Canterbury family of Mears to the bell founding trade. N.J.D. 125

THE CANTUARIAN

" GODOT "

â&#x20AC;˘ I

One always has a suspicion that people only take their local papers for the cinema programme times. There is, however, a great deal of worth-while matter elsewhere, marred here and there by a few ill-considered judgements. Canterbury treatment of its local theatre, as of its local papers, has always been a little mixed, for the higher the standard the company sets itself the more embarrassed become its reviewers. As The Times of March 27th said, Waiting for Godot drew large audiences in East Kent, and the production was indeed, in the opinion of most, a masterpiece. One cou ld not help reflecting however on leaving the theatre how the play would fa re a t the hands of local critics. There was a growing suspicion that Friday brea kfast time would greet us with this sort of thing: " WAlTlNG FOR GO DOT"? or CAVIAR FOR THE PRIVATE It is only right and proper that every now and then our loca l repertory should take time off to put on a controversia l play, even though it may appeal to only a limited audience. Tltis particular play, which reminded me rather of the early Russians, has had veritable oceans of ink spilt on it by better brains than mine. But aU their exotic theories seem to me to build up to one conclusion- that this p lay has been fooling people who are too proud to admit that they do not understand i!. For instance, the night I went, the applause at the end wo uld seem to have implied the acme of comprehension, and yet nobody I button-holed afterwards in the Members' Bar had any coherent views to make on the meaning of this sorry piece. We have all been told from the pulpit that Godot has a religious significance. This, in the face of the fact that the only religion in it is a few remarks, in exceptionally bad taste, about Our Lord and the two thieves! There is nothing moral about Godot : if the play made anything clear it was that all the characters were proud and self-cent red, that they had no idea of the Christian code of values, and that they cared less. Certainly the two tramps had never been to church in their lives. The press too has tried to persuade us that the two tramps stand for something- the material and the spiritual, they suggest! Thank goodness we in the Twentieth Century have learnt to beware of this wayward symbolism, to beware of the sentimental slush of the Nineteenth Century's wild ducks and cherry orchards. A play cannot mirror real life, with all its foibles and pitfalls, if the players are always conscious tha t they only exist by virtue of the fact that they "stand" for something. It impedes them a t every turn. If being a drama critic bas taught me anything, it bas taught me that. If a play bas a negligible plot, bad dialogue, and bad situation then it is no play at all. If some of your young playwrights had this sentence written in crimson letters a mile high on the horizon of their artistic vision, then we might be getting somewhere. There is nothing very original about the characters in Godot: a couple of tramps (the papers tell us that the Welfare State has done away with poverty, though perhaps this was not England, the programme did not commit itself) who indulge in some very unfunny repartee coupled with some maudlin sentiment, which if it were not so false would be highly offensive: a John Bull who goes blind, with an imbecile servant: and a shepherd boy straight from some Holman Hunt pastiche. The servant I found quite revolting to look at, and as his part was the comic stooge- much of the comedy of the play turns on the efforts of the others to get him to speak- his overacting was inexcusable, besides being in poor taste. 126

THE CANTUARIAN

Nothing happens in Godot, and when the author runs out of ideas he just fills in, as with Haydn with most of his symphonies, until another "theme" comes to him to be played out before it has scarcely begun. I should add here that the play was excellently acted and directed, and the quite exceptionable lighting was devised by Clarence Conway, a newcomer to our ranks, though he was born only just o utside the town- so in a way it is "welcome home, Clarence". A lot of people walked out of this play. I can understand, but I cannot sympathise. The least that every one of us can do is to give any new play a fair hearing.

OXFORD LETTER Oxford. 16th March, 1957. Dear School, Oxford is the sort of place which seems to the shallow observer or the chance passer to be casual, indifferent, even lazy. It has the habit when provoked, however, of acti ng sometimes before and often as well as anybody else. This casualness is all part of an elaborately-maintained but almost unconscious mask, a mask which belongs to the two senior universities, but especially to Oxford, to most of those who have passed through them, and down to some of the public schools. It is not apathy, but a determination no t to be seen to be taking things too seriously, not to overdo thjngs, not to get overexcited, not to be caught behaving like those silly, busy little men of whom the world is so full and who make such a mess of things. Perhaps it is more than this; an awareness that often the concerns of those little men a re not as important as all that. This Olympian sort of outlook on life can be seen above a ll in a college like T rinity, a place which still breathes something of an air of leisured ease and where casualness is refined into an art which is neither objectionable nor affected, but agreeable and natural. What Richard HiUary said about it is still partly true; if most of its members a rc not now landowners the old spirit lingers, and fanaticism of all kinds is rigidly bound, enthusiasm tempered, and people conscious of their "ability to succeed without apparent effort". This easy and balanced attitude has nowhere been better displayed than in Oxford's reaction to recent world events. Last summer term our welcome to B. and K . was the best and most realistic anywhere. There was no misplaced enthusiasm, but no rudeness, and the steady chant of "Poor Old Joe" from most of a crowd of about three thousand carried with it, in its good tempered way, a menace of what the attitude might be if we hadn't a duty to be moderately polite. (Nobody knows whether Kruschev, who was waving his clasped hands over his head like a vulgar little boxer, thought this greeting was antagonistic or a traditional undergraduate salutation.) Again the Suez dispu te, which so rapidly became a party brawl, provoked of course its meetings and demonstrations, but Oxford does not like demonstrations, and one procession was met by the facetious cry of "Shoot the Wogs!", while in another a fanatical Keble don had his trousers set on fire. When the Hungarian revolution began, however, it was quite different, for here all were unanimous. The response resembled that to the General 1Z7

THE CANTUARIAN

Strike or the Spanish Civil Wa r, when people went off to drive trains or to fight in Spain. Some disa ppeared without proctorial leave for Budapest "with penicillin", and however exhibition ist a nd unnecessary later expeditions were, these firs t were a fine gesture. The Balliol Fund reached ÂŁ7,000 by the end of term, and a subscrip tion was started almost immediately to bring Hunga rian students to Oxford. Outside the Famine Relief shop in the Broad rose a vast heap of sacks of clo thing. The first Hungarians, in raincoats and wi th violin cases, and looking subd ued , appeared by the end of last term. This term one or two have joined colleges, o thers seem a bout to do so or have been moved elsewhere. H ow do O.K.S. occupy themselves in quieter seasons? Athletically, fairly energe tically, and we congra tulate Jack H oare a nd J ohn Norto n on their Blues in rugger and boxing respectively. Stephen Young has been awarded his Occasional Colours and Roger Sutton (Teddy Hall, first year) has played with the team. Gerald Hare, despite recent inactio n caused by a slipped disc, has been awa rded his Tortoise Colours fo r crosscoun try. Richard Lane (Keble) has run for his college; so, surprisingly, has Richard Dewhurst (Trinity). John Phillips scored the winning try for Teddy Hall in the final of n igger Cuppers, Rupert Ha rvey plays squash fo r the H all , T ony Jenkins is Secretary of Trinity hockey, Jeremy R owe has been elected Christ Church hockey Secretary and also plays rugger. In rowing, apart fro m the trials caps awarded to Julian Bell (Christ Church Secretary) and Bob Thomas (who stroked " Rock") we have not much to show. P aul R oberts, and now Bob also, have given it up for work, Mervyn Murch, a freshman of all things, had the strength of mind to give it up for rugger, which " ta kes less time". John Gimblett, however, was in the Coxes VIII which lost to Cambridge. Academically, for some of us there is much to do, Prelims. for some, Schools for others. Most of us do a bit of work on the quiet. H owever, we are active musically. Richard La ne (taking Music Prelims.) sings in a mad rigal group a nd in the Bach Choir, where he meets Roger Lawrence, Simon Freebairn-Smith a nd Sylvester Mazzarella. Many of us, during the course of the term, hea rd Miles Baster (in his third year at the R.A. M.) play what the Oxford Mail described as a "brillia ntly successful recital of sonatas" with Bernard Sumner in Trinity- music by Mozart, Hi ndemith, Tartini, and a magnificent performance of Brah ms Op. 100 duo. The "dressing room" became a rendezvous for O.K.S. before the concert and in the interval, and Miles entertained us with hilarious imitations of the styles of various celebrated violinists of whom he does not entirely approve. A m ost agreeable evening. Dra matically, we don't do much, but Wyndham Freyer (Lincoln) acted very successfully in the Experimental Theatre Club's The Changeling in the Michaelmas Term. 0. K.S. seem now to be going to colleges which have long been empty. R oger Lawrence is at Worcester where, apparently, there has never been a Science Scholar before. Possibly for thi s reason, maybe because of a frivolous attitude to his subject, he has become known as the Science Fiction Scholar. Richard La ne is at Keble, and 111ill defend the architecture. Wadham now has Gerry H are in his first and George Nash i n his second year. George injured a leg in a rugge r game in the Christmas vacation, and has been leaping a bout on a stick ever since. John No rton and Peter Rhodes are now at Brasenose. Martin Cousins replaces Bruce Hyatt at John's. Derek Childes is reported still to be at Univ.; John Cobb is definitely there, and has just weathered Prelims., one hopes successfully. Paul Roberts, David Courtier-Dutton and Peter Dawson are at Corpus. 1Z8

THE CANTtlAR1AN

...

Memo Spathin (who still keeps his vigil in Exeter, is working for Schools and hopes his tutors get neurotic before he does) wrote concerning an "odd rumour" that had got about: "Have not married. Far from it. Am mysoginist." Derek Kirsch (Trinity) and David Moor did a successful hitch to the Riviera in the summer, found a large group of M.O. people at Menton or somewhere, and were driven part of the way back, bronzed and well-fed. However, playing cricket for Brussels a few days later, Derek stopped a fast-moving ball and was subjected to a serious head operation. He is off games for a year, and bas therefore got engaged. His fiancee is Angela Willatt, whose father is Vicar of St. Martin's, Sherwood. Prospective unclein-law is Guy Willatt, the Derbyshire cricketer. We join in offering Derek our warmest congratulations and best wishes for the future. John Gimblett is High Steward of some dining club which held a big dinner recently with Lord Strang as guest. John Ingleton in Hertford is very conscious of the onset of Schools. Warick Pitch, in the same college, has been touring Oxfordsbire villages as a member of the O.U. Conservative Association brains-trust team. Stephen Burbridge and Chris. McCurdy are up at Christ Church, but self-effacing. Magdalen O.K.S. are few, but ambitious. Jim Allen is the big man of the Eastern European Society. Last term be found himself dining 12 Hungarians, of whom only 2 spoke English. Will Thomas has been doing History Prelims. He plays hockey and squash and speaks at the Hampden Society. Barry Lock insists upon the title of doyen of O.K.S. in Oxford and of the Magdalen law school. Academically, he is reading for a B.C.L. In the two well-patronized colleges, there is not much to say. John Porter in St. Edmund Hall says with melancholy nostalgia that our numbers are not what they were in the Hall. He is Organizing Secretary of "Crime- A Challenge", and is involved in founding an indeterminate group for the study of the problems of industry entitled "Industrial Challenge". He, Stephen Young and John Phillips have Schools next term. Trevor Nicholson talks in college debates; John Davis says he is idle; Jeremy Davies has been seen. In Trinity, all is quiet and peaceful, except of course for Jack Pawsey, having mechanical trouble with his motor bike; David Loveridge rowing; Michael Slee reading Forestry and intending to plant trees in India; David Clift, seen with Franciscans, and known as "the only National Serviceman who ever lost a Meteor" ; and David Moor. Bob Thomas ran one hilarious 440 for his college in its hour of need, leaping into the air and pounding off at the gun, leading at the first bend, but finishing very stiff and very far behind a couple of Blues. Also in Oxford has been Derek Tymms, using his law degree to make plastic buttons with I.C.I. John Pearson is articled to a solicitor in Oxford. Nicholas Cooper, in the Civil Service here, will be coming up to John's. Andrew Baring helps run the R.A.F. from somewhere near, and descends occasionally on O.K.S. in the University. Yours sincerely, O.K.S. OxoN.

l 129

THE CANTUARIA N

HOUSE PLAYS R elative Values, by Noel Coward Sunday, February lOth There is a popular fancy that Noel Coward belongs to another generation; that his suave mocking of the British cannot compete with the introspective tantrums of America at the Comedy, the classical revivals at the Saville, and the angry young men at the Royal Court; and furthermo re, that he will not succeed without professional performances, because his themes are not conveyed by stage actions, but by the dialogue, which needs clarity a nd timing, if the wit is to be extracted. Meister Omers very nearly proved this a fallacy with R elative Values; but they failed to realize that the play's effect depends upon the speed with which the decayed British gentry plan their reception of the Hollywood invasion. Consequently, there was a drag, from which no one, players and audience alike, ever completely recovered. The play has in addition a weak ending, with a long fo reseen and painfully long-delayed final curtain. Mr. Coward sets out to discover the behaviour of strongly contrasted ways of life, when drawn together by Fate, in the shape of Nigel, Earl of Marshwood. In the stately home, A. P. G. Stanley-Smith as the H on. Peter and G. A. G. Kidd as Crestwel l, the butler to whom most of Mr. Coward's slick lines are credited, were admirable upholders of t radition; while P. J. Ford played the foppish Nigel as all fops should be played-spoilt, hearty a nd revoltiJ1g. But it was on H. W. Goldsmith as Felicity, the lengthy and exacting Gladys Cooper part, that the play depended; and he gave a splendid performance, making up with poise and dignity what he understandably still lacks in technique. There i ~ one criticism, however, which may apply to all aspiring Miss Coopers in House productions; a boy's voice on the turn is sufficient to convey the middle aged female, without the addition of a strained, affected croak; but even so, the twinkle-in-the-eye cunning with which Goldsmith ousted the ingenuous Miranda saved the last act. From the other side of the Atlantic, I. A. Warwick-Evans was suitably synthetic as the actress, and aroused a vestige of pity as she innocently humiliated herself, even if we were left wondering how she got her film contract in the first place. J. A. Turner, as Don Lucas, mixed up and unceremoniously dubbed 'a lucrimous oaf', arrived just in time to give the Second Act a much needed boost; and adapted himself to the English decanter and the American accent with remarkable case. Frustrated fema les, on the face of it, offer little reward to boy actors, but D. I. Fisher played Moxie as she dcservecl, bringing to life her tortured feelings and providing a convincing link between the two far fl ung ways of life. We are accustomed to praismg the Meister Omers set, and N. G. Burbridge's set was indeed as good as anything we have seen this year. It is a compliJnent to Meister Omers that they have inspired the decor throughout the School to rise to the heights that they reached three years ago. The production under Mr. Sugden's supervision caught much of the wit of Mr. Coward's pen, and that says a great deal. The fa ults lay in the play itself; its ingredients show few touches of originality, and the plot is negligible, both of which were no bly disguised by a good a ll round cast. J .P.R. MEISTER 0MERS

...

i •••

MARLOWE House Both Ends Meet, by Arthur Macrae Sunday, February 17th The Rotulus grows, new buildings spring up, and we seem at last to have reached the stage when Chapter House drama is at its close. We look forward to the warm and comfortable spaciousness of the Assembly Hall, but in the final lap of our endurance of crowded seating and unspeakable acoustics Marlowe put on a most enjoyable evening's entertainment. This in itself demands a high standard in both production and presentation. P. B. Nicholson in the small and irrelevant part of the nervous young tax collector set the play off to a delightful start, but if it had not been for the masterly performances of P. D. E lvy and P. A . Campbell, who held the stage for practically the whole duration of the play, the superficiality of the theme-income tax evasion-and the detached plot would have caused interest to wane towards the end. E lvy (who was perhaps able to devote more time to his part than the others) has a dynamic face and figure entirely suited to the stage. His expressions were marked, his audibility was quite adequate and the variation of pitch and tone quality in his voice was quite the best we have heard this season. Assisted by these capabilities and sundry voluminous sweaters, Elvy portrayed the wool-gathering playwright with convincing ease. Unwedded partner in his life was the inevitable middle-aged female with a strong sense of fi nancial values and a complete disregard for moral ones. For a boy whose voice has broken long ago, Campbell affected the female touch delightfully in a ll except his deportment which was a trifle muscular for the narrow skirt he wore. 130

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CA NTUARIAN

But, as in ma ny plays of this kind, the author's inspirat ion regarding characters, content and plot seemed to dry up half-way through. R. M. Harvey played the double role, an unusual feat which might better have been avoided in so small a cast, of Jimmy Scott-Kennedy, an unscrupulous solicitor, and Sir George Trahcrne, an equally unscrupulous retired bureaucrat, managing to retain no common quality except that of outstanding audibility (although he seemed more at home in his marked classical approach to the latter part). It was a pity that this part and C. B. Seaman's Lord Minster, which he played with surprising cflectiveness and obvious enjoyment, were almost tota lly irrelevant to the first part o f the play. They were characters attached to rather than implicated in the plot. If there was any thread which did link the play together it was the engagement of B.S. Guard to C. Lawrence. Guard, plus an enormous pair of spectacles, in the neither frantically sporting nor depressingly correct role of an Inland Revenue agent, tackled his part with a reserved skill both attract ive and promising. Lawrence was a pleasure to watch, a nd when he has acquired the ease and confidence of the others, he sho uld give plenty of support to future productions. Two q ual ities of the production were unparalleled. The first was grouping. Too often in house drama grouping is entirely ignored and characte rs h uddle together in shapeless groups at the extremities of the stage: by gracefully shaping his foursomes in parallelograms and his triangles in well proportio ned tria ngles, Mr. Owen captured the photographic effect which a good scene s hould d isplay. The second, much striven after by actors and p roducers, was continuity. Mr. Owen gauged his continuity so accurately that the play moved swiftly without the actors having to pour their words o ut in floods. Marlowe have a good supply of acting talent, often completely ignored in King's Week productions. After such a splendid performa nce which, of this type of play, can only be compared with one of Mr. Owen's productions several years ago, this state of affairs will no doubt be rectified . I a lso look forward to the day when Marlowe and Mr. Owen display their sk ill in a more serious field than in a play which could almost be reduced to a series of long a nd unvaried accounts of methods for diddling the Income Tax. C.H.B. GALPIN's The Wiuslow Boy, by Terence Rattigan Sunday, March Jrd Mr. Ratt igan is a very workmanlike dramatist. His world is real, his characters are natural, so that their problems and their reactions could be our own. He makes few mistakes, because his work is so carefully weighted, and because he passes no judgements. In the end, foreseen and basically undemanding, the characters receive their deserts, no more and no less, and lire carries on witho ut a break. There is nothing "theatrical" about Mr. R attigan. ln this lies both his strength and his weakness. The plot of The Wiuslow Boy is not far-fetched, it is in point of fact based on truth, the dialogue is perfectly natural, the characters are very cleverly drawn- though in this early play with little of the care lavished on Crocker-Harris or Hester Collier, or even Miss Cooper in Separate Tables. One is made to feel with the play. And yet from its very naturalism arises some of its weaknesses. The characters, while being recognizable beings, never quite live as real intimate people. Perhaps it is because the intense compression o f a three-act play never allows simple realism to appear realistic. We expect in a play to be able to divine what is to come and then to be agreeably surprised when it does not happen. In The Wius/ow Boy we were always about two safe jumps ahead of the characters. What happened had to happen. The play is in a sense the personal triumph and tragedy of Mr. Winslow. It is always said that the ha rdest part for a boy to play is his own father, and it was not G. W. Lane's fault that he could not dominate the family as he might have done, fo r he had neither the bearing nor the voice for it. What he did bring to the part was clarity, abundant sincerity and an ind ia-r ubber-like courage, and though the balance of the play was necessarily shifted in places, his performance was very moving. J. B. Batchelor as his wife was so very good, that with his charming command of the simple motherly emotion required he would have been a perfect foil to a more Edwardian papa. Grace's cha racter, as portrayed by Batchelor, stood out rather from the rest as perfectly natural and convincing, not a strikingly original creat ion, but a human enough person to have her peculiar whims and foibles. Considering the length of the play, I thought the part of the daughter might reasonably have been cut. This is no reflect ion, however, on Grainger, who played this most difficult part with great understanding. She, most of all, conveyed the difficulties of the sacrifices being made, the hopelessness o f it all at times, and the eventual price of success. Polglasc was pleasantly "dissolute" though well intentioned as the elder son, and Essame was moving as the boy; he responded very well in the cross examination scene and his subsequent loss of interest in the case was effective, if a little blatant. The two quick character sketches of Good and Salmon were enjoyable.

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TH E C A NTU A R I AN It is very difficult for a Sir Robert to fail- like Alfred Doolittle or Mercutio in another vein, it is 'jammy' stuff. It would be hard, however, to imagine a more sensit ively graduated rendering of the cross examination scene than that of Chcncvix-Trcnch. It might be said that Trench in his attempt to make Sir Robert's personality felt made him too outwardly remote, that his cold dignity was too affected, but the last scene where the mask slips for a moment showed that the part had been conceived with great care and forethought. This performance showed Trench to be not only sincere and hard working but also to be an actor with a good grasp of emotion and effect. This same approach was shown by Redpath as the older of Catherine's two suitors- Balchin as his inwardly spineless rival did well with an unrewarding part-but it was Redpath's last scene with Catherine which set the seal on the production, earnest, sincere, determined to show the problem as clearly as possible. T he success of this straightforward approach was shown by the fact that the emotion of the play was in perfect harmony with the rest. The last scene between Desmond and Catherine, where Desmond's forthrightness could so easily have appeared ludicrous, was carried off most touchingly by the complete sincerity of the actors. The chief impression the production made was that of genuine effort, reflected by bo th Mr. Rattigan and the cast. T he careful handling of lighting, the sensible period set, and the costumes exactly touched off t he status and prctentions of the family a nd showed a welcome eye for detail. To the producer, Mr. I-I a ll, must go especial praise for the pace he managed to keep on a play which could so easily have dragged. Jt did not drag because the whole cast had faith in what they were saying. That above all proved the worth of doing the play. O.R .F.D.

THE MUSIC CIRCLE The Music Circle concert was given before a capacity audience on the last Sunday of term. The fact that the Parry Hall does not hold as many as the Chapter House may have had something to do with all the seats being filled, but in any case the Circle has earned for itself a reputation for giving good entertainment, and one imagines that the audience consisted only of t hose who came because they wished to enjoy the music. Like Gaul, the programme was divided into three parts. Prima pars was contributed by the Second Orchestra under its conductor, John Sugden. The Parry Ha ll is an extremely resonant building and at times the sound was overwhelming. This we must put down to the enthusiasm of the players- which in itself is highly commendable. The selection of music was wc11 within their powers and it was a11 good music. The Gavotte from Mignon was taken a little too fast and sounded as though it was not quite under cont rol. The Minuet from Haydn's Symphony in D gave the conductor one or two anx ious moments, through a missed repeat; the bassoonist appeared to astonish himself by bringing off a coup at second attempt. The o rchestra did best in the March from Handel's Ode to St. Cecilia's Day; the rhythm was strong and convincing, the kitchen department performed in a business-like manner, and altogether it was we11 played. With such a group as this the conductor is never allowed to enjoy to the fu11 the results of his work, for just as soon as the boys become polished players they are lost to the senior orchest ra. It is creditable to all concerned that such a high standard can be reached. Secunda pars was the Glee Club. This Club had been formed only five weeks earlier and to come out into the open with a concert at such an early age was more than a little audacious. Temerity paid, for the Club passed this test with high marks. There was variety of choice and variety of treatment. The songs included light-hearted romps, like The Three Chafers (Truhn), glees, and the difficult and exacting Music when soft voices die (Bairstow). The Club's range of dynamics was wide and was carefu11y used; balance was good (except for the ovcrprominence of the middle voice in the first item); and the chording was almost impeccable. It only failed in Come let us join the roundelay, where the tenors were slightly sharp. The singers' technique did not seem to be quite up to the fierce pace set in the Huntsmen's Chorus (from Der Freisclmtz). As a piece of music the part-song by Bairstow was easily the best, and the choir sang it best; it was a complete contrast in style from the other items, and caJled for the discerning interpretation which the Club gave to it. Noted with pleasure on the word " die", in the second tenor part, a gentle sf bi te; the only thing Jacking, perhaps, was some profundity from the second basses. The choir will readily acknowledge how much is due to the conducto r Edred Wright, who introduced the items (pity we missed the crack: even if Madrigals are thought to be Fal-la-la, Glees are not Ha-ha), but not even the best conductor can obtain results unless he has a wiJl ing response from his singers.

THE CANTUARIAN Tertia pars was the programme played by the Chamber Orchestra (of fifteen strings) under David Goodes. This group consists of picked players of staff and boys in all departments; its playing was controlled and polished, incisive and rhythmic and in the tutti passages sonorous without being overpowering. Ambitiously they started off with Handel's Organ Concerto No. 2 and David Lawrence was the soloist. It is all very well to hide the innards of an organ from sight but to pen the organist Like a cinematograph operator is unpardonable when he has the chief part. As a result of the difficulty of seeing, there was some disagreement between the conductor and the organist at the outset, but all was well in no time. The tone and volume of the organ combined very well with the Chamber Orchestra, and this experiment might well be repeated at a futu re concert. Next came the Finale from Haydn's Farewell Symphony, in which two oboes and two clarinets joined the strings. This movement is one of music's little jokes; one by one the players slink out after snuffing out their candles, and the movement finishes in silence and darkness. The concert concluded with a splendid performance of Percy Grainger's Handel i11 the Strand, in which A. B. Curry and C. B. Seaman on two pianos joined with the strings. This was a piece which all enjoyed playing, with "lovely stuff" from the 'cellos, cracking rhythms on the pianos and good stylish playing in the whole orchestra. The fact that a repeat was demanded quite clearly showed that we the audience also enjoyed it. Although the concert consisted of three separate parts, there was nevertheless discernible a thread which ran through them all and held them together as a unity; it might be described as a Theme and Variations on the Initials H .R.D. H.L.A.E.

10TH MARCH, 1957

The Concert given in the Music School on lOth March made interesting listening, and entertained us not only with established favourites, but with a number of rising stars. F. R. Hammersley, making his debut here as a solo pianist, betrayed no sign of nervousness in his playing of Percy Buck's Prelude in C Minor (Marnic), which, avoiding the trap of sentimentality baited by the composer's marking Lento Mollo Espressivo, he took firmly and authoritatively in hand, or in his lively account of Bela Bartok's Three Hungarian Folk Tunes. Debussy's Cair de Lune proved a less happy choice-the nine-eight rhythm, well enough maintained through tricky arpeggio passages, was smudged in the closing measures, and the whole movement calls for a gossamer subtlety which this performance lacked. Another welcome first appearance was that of M. M. G. Stanley-Smith, a most promising flautist, to judge from his treatment of two movements of a Sonata in F adapted from Mozart's Oboe Quartet, the effectiveness of which was enhanced by Mr. R. P. Scott's stylish accompaniment. Very assured, too, though for my taste a little over-emphatic, was M. F. Sullivan's performance of Haydn's Variations in F Minor, which he played from memory. The most bracing experience of the evening was provided, however, by a constellation of singersHammersley (treble), M. D . Deller (alto), J. Polglase (tenor), C. H. Bayston (bass)-and instrumentalists- H. J. Ricketts, G. N. Salmon (violins), R. F. Lunn (violoncello), Mr. R. P. Scott (virginals)- in Buxtehude's rarely heard Befiehl dem Engel, dass er komm'. There were, it is true, some lapses in pitch, and occasional unbalance, as when the 'cello seemed to overwhelm the more timorous violins, but in the context of a vital and well controlled interpretation such faults were so slight as to be scarcely noticeable. The singers laboured under the disadvantage of a quaintly German text, and it was perhaps for that reason that, expressive as they were, they could not quite capture the devout intensity which the words require. The programme ended with the first movement of Brahms's G Major Violin Sonata played by Mr. Robertson and Dr. Knight. On this occasion neither was heard to advantage, and the total effect was of two distinct but simultaneous interpretations, the dignified restraint of the violin contrasting with the piano's lyrical effusiveness. If such a verdict seems harsh, it may be put down to the personal disappointment of one in whom pleasurable familiarity with Mr. Robertson's and Dr. Knight's playing had kindled expectations that were not fulfilled by a performance that seemed hardly worthy of them. One final observation. A reviewer is expected to criticize, and negative criticism is easiest to put into words. The negativeness of some of these comments is not meant to suggest that the function to which they refer was anything but enjoyable or that the writer is not grateful for the care that went into preparing and presenting it. So conspicuous are our Music Circle concerts for the enthusiastic musicianship of the 133

THE CANTUARIAN performers and the appreciativeness shown by those who come to hear them (often too few in numbersuch enterprise merits wider support) that the only limiting principle an honest reporter need feel bound to respect in writing of them is that which, enshrined in Othello's injunction, " Nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice", might serve as a maxim fo r all critics, whether of life or of art. H.R.D .

THE GLEE CLUB In response to a long-felt need for a further small singing group, and particularly in order to perform glees, which once played such an important part in English musical life, a society was formed this term under the name of the K ing's School Glee Club. Glees, which have hitherto been neglected in the musical activities of the School, are compositions for unaccompanied male voices; they flouri shed particularly in the period 1750- 1830. For furt her enlightenment, come to our next concert, though this will not consist exclusively of glees. We are fortunate in having as our conductor Mr. Ed red Wright, without whom such a society would have been unthinkable, and under whose sure hand great progress was made during the term. Our fi rst performance was a t the Music Circle Concert on Sunday, March 24th, and we look forward to taking part in future King's School music.

THE CHOIR Two anthems have been sung each Sunday this term, and well over half o f these were new to the Choir. Amongst these 1 can single out one or two of particular significance. 0 Lord, the Maker of all thing, by William Mundy, a perfect example of Tudor Music in true style with what must be one of the loveliest " Amens" in English Church Music, was given a meticulous performance by the Choir. For something of a later period we had Thou knowest, Lord, by Purcell and from the 18th Century there was a lively performance of 0 Lord look down by Battishill. It would be difficult to find from the more modern composers an anthem to surpass Stanford's Beati quorum, sung beautifully by the Choir on the last Sunday of this term. The introduction of the Lord's Prayer sung by the Choir to music from Day's Certaine Notes, 1560, and Wanley MS. arranged from Jebb's Choral Responses, is also worth noting. Since there has been no School Concert this term and the Choral Society have not therefore performed I should just say a few words about the Society's work this term. Meetings have been held regularly each Thursday at 5.45 p.m. and during these rehearsals we have been studying Handel's oratorio Judas Maccabaeus for King's Week next term. Most of the work has been learnt and we hope to sing something else as well as that next term. M.D.D. Anthems sung by the School Choir during the past term:Hear my prayer (Mendelssohn) God is a spirit (Stemdale Benne//) Blessed Jesu (Dvorak) 0 Lord, the maker of all thing (Mundy) 0 Lord God (Buck) Turn back, 0 man (Holst) 0 Lord, look down (Ballishill) God so loved the world (Stainer) Thou knowest, Lord (Purcell) Yea though I walk (Sullivan) Beati Quorum (Stanford) Gabriel to Mary went (Nicholson) Let all the world (Chapman) Come, Holy Ghost (A ttwood) 1 will lift up mine eyes (Walker) Praise to God (Campbell)

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THE CANTUA RIA N

THE LIBRARY We acknowledge with gratitude books presented to the Library by the following:- Miss M. Babington, Mr. P. C. V. Lawless, the Headmaster, Mr. R. K. Blumenau, T. M. E. Dunn and T. S. McDonald.

" CROSSED REFERENCES "

C LUES ACROSS

J. 5M (3 -

6. 7. 8. 9. I 0. 1I . 12. 14. 15. 17.

DowN St. Matthias took it and brought it up to date. DRSVOLII Kipling made this and it did the same for him. The Trinity is without a doubt ! They wept to see St. Paul go. CLuEs

11) at

9 O.T . spokesman? Ac. & 7 Dn. Close relations. " Whose mouths must be held with - " (Psalms). The first half (Abbreviation). The desperate tribe. Attractions reversed. She shouldn' t have a son called J oshua! Mark's Mother's maid has lost all her aspirations a nd is disturbed as a result! Indian Prophetess. Owns up.

2. 3. 4. 5.

7. See 7 Across. 8. This would prevent the marriage ! 10. Sadducee cease from it, and leave me with the fool! 12. She lived here as well as in Sarepta. 13. World without several. 16. Betrays the Doctor's presence.

For solution see page 150

THE C AN T UARI AN

THE SOCIETIES T HE MARLOWE SOCIETY We have had three interesting papers this term. In the first, G. C. Fletcher gave a fascinating account of "The new Earth satellites", their purpose and the possibilities they open up. H is largely non-scientific audience came away not only understanding what they had heard, but also with a sense of the excitement of scientific discovery and achievement. Jn our next meeting, P. D. Elvy spoke on "The Oecumenical Movement". H is deep sincerity and personal contact with this movement for the unification of the Christian Church made this paper of compelling interest, and a lively discussion followed. At our third meeting, W. A. Hodges gave a well illustrated paper on "The Human Brain", with particular reference to different types of mental disease and their cure by operation or electrical treatment. A sound knowledge of his subject was revealed in his amiably donnish handling of the questions which concluded a highly profitable evening. D.W.B.

THE HARVEY SOCIETY President: MR. F. STANGER Hon. Secretary: R. I. B AKER During the Michaelmas Term there were two unusual items in our otherwise normal programme of lectures and outings. The first was a lecture by Miss Mary Ellis on "High Speed Flight". Miss Ellis, who is a mathematician for an aviation concern, made a difficult subject seem much less so by the clarity of her exposition. The second was an outing of the Society to Shell Lodge, Teddington, which is an executive training college of the Royal Dutch Shell Group of Companies. fn the past, our outings have been confi ned to industrial factories and this break in our "tradition" was both profitable and welcome. I nstead of being shown the mechanical workings of industry, we were given an insight into its executive management. The other lectures of the term were given by M. G. Mayer, Esq., o.K.S., on "Modern Digital Computers" (or electronic brains) and by R. B. Horton on "X-Rays and X-Ray Tubes". Horton had been on a Short Works Course with the General Electric Company during August, 1956, and had gleaned much useful material for his lecture during his two-weeks' stay with the Company. On November 24th, the Society's Annual Open Film Show was held in the Parry Hall. The four films shown were, The Pipeline, An Introduction to the Heat Engine, Lcok to the Land and The Mille Miglia, 1953; these were provided by the Petroleum Films Bureau. The fi rst Lent Term meeting was a quiz and twenty-questions which involved a team of T. JardineBrown, D. C. C. Stevenson, G. C. F letcher and R. B. Horto n; the challenger a nd question-master was R. 1. Baker. This 'parlour-game' approach to scientific questions was well received and it is hoped to hold another qu iz next term. The on ly lecture this term was given by D . C. C. Stevenson on "Bridges"; the epidiascope was used in illustration of the various types of bridges which have been constructed during the last hund red years. T he Society had two outings this term; one to the Canterbury Water Works at Thanington and the other to the Canterbury Gas Works. Both proved interesting enough to merit the two hours we spent over each. We would like to congratulate G. C. Fletcher on obtaining his Amateur Transmitting Licence from the G.P.O.; he is "on the air" with the call-sign G3LNX. There arc now 110 members in the Society- somewhat in excess of the 40 to which the constitution limits our membership! Two lectures have been promised for next term, but as yet, no programme has been constructed. R.I.B.

THE PATER SOCIETY President: MR. J. B. W ILSON Hon. Secretary: J. P. ROCHE We have had a very varied and enjoyable term, with someth ing to suit most tastes: a dialogue on philosophy, a paper on the Greeks and Morals, an outing to London, a paper on Augustan propaganda, and finally, deviating from our usual course, the reading of a modern play. 136

THE C ANTU ARIA N On February 2nd, Mr. Christopher Johnson from The Times chaUenged Mr. Wilson's theories of Linguistic philosophy. He disagreed with Mr. Wilson's view that the study of the meaning of words was a sine qua 11011 of rational thinking: admittedly, there are ambiguities in science and politics, but they can easily be seen. Such words as democracy and freedom cannot be defined because they do not enter the scope of the logician, but rather they are an attitude to life. Mr. Wilson, in turn, claimed that these ambiguities were too important and too subtle to dismiss: they led to different outlooks on such matters as religion, so that the truth of religion was fundamentally called in question. The discussion was conducted in dialogue form, so that the train of thought was not difficult to follow ; and we felt that Mr. Johnson, though for the most part on the defensive, was putting into constructive argument the feelings that we were very often unable to express. This is one of the most instructive ways of putting over controversial subjects, and we hope that similar opportunities will arise in the future. Mr. Wilson also read the paper that he postponed from last term on the part that the Greeks played in forming our own morals. Christian morals arc a mixture of Greek and Hebrew, but 90 % Hebrew in that they present us with a book of rules: certain things are marked down as our duty and obligations, giving us little opportunity to reason for ourselves. The Greeks support the claims of values against the book of rules. For when rules are dying, we must look elsewhere, and become increasingly willing to re-assess our morals and clarify owÂˇ ideals. On February 21st, the Society went to London: from Cannon Street we made our way to the Royal Exchange, being shown a reputedly Roman milestone and also the site of the Mithraic temple, now a block of offices, on the way. Then we saw the finds from the temple, as well as a most impressive Roman mosaic floor in the Bank of England. After this, we perambulated gently towards the G.P.O., via several remaining parts of the Roman city waU, where we were shewn the automatic underground railway which carries mail under London's streets. The party then split up; some to the British Museum and in the afternoon to the King's College, London's production of Euripides' Orestes: and the remainder spent two very enjoyable hours at the British Museum, under the guidance of Mr. Kent. M. G. Sayer read a paper on "The Second Golden Ago-Propaganda or Reality?", which exposed the extent with which Augustus used propaganda to foster his Empire. It has been the custom to overpraise his ability to handle not only constitutional matters, but also human beings. Sayer showed how this reputation was built up by Virgil, Horace and others, without deprecating Augustus' undoubted achievements; the Golden Age was a reality for those who were prepared to accept the New State of Augustus. The confidence in his material and delivery, coupled with the kind hospitality of Mr. Robertson and Mrs. Lloyd at Combe House, made this a delightful evening. J.P.R. Classical eloquence was replaced by modern when the Society heard a reading of John Osborne's Look Back in Anger on March 16th. This play, with only five characters and depending little on action fo r its impact, seemed particularly suitable for reading, a nd the readers- Roche, Davies, Thompson, Budgen and Harvey- gave us a most stimulating evening. If Roche perhaps felt constrained by his civilized surroundings to subdue the violence of Jimmy Porter, D avies read the part of Alison with an impressive command of emotion, and Thompson put remarkable life into the part of Cliff. The timing of the "performance" throughout was admirable. A.S.M. Finally, we would like, once again, to offer our sincere thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Wilson for providing us with refreshments and the use of their rooms.

THE MADRIGAL SOCIETY The Lent Term this year, as in previous years, has been quite a busy one for us. After a comparatively quiet autumn we came back ready to set to work on the St. Mark Passion by Charles Wood which we performed in the Crypt of the Cathedral on Ash Wednesday. The solo parts were all sung by members of the Society and all the soloists acquitted themselves well. Since March 6th, when the St. Mark Passion was over, we have been meeting as usual each week to sing madrigals. Much ground work has been done for the Serenade Concert we are to give next term in the Cloisters. It is also proposed that we should sing at another concert as well next term.

137

THE CANTUARIAN We welcomed several new members to the Society this term. F. R. Hammersley, R. J. Dibley and M. H. Lane all joined our treble line and have proved themselves valuable additions to the group. C. B . Seaman has at long last forsaken the trebles and now supports the alto line. We arc u nfortunate in losing one of our best basses this term, D . J. Mortimer, who started with us in 1952 as a treble and has been a loyal supporter of the Society ever since. As usual, we extend our warm thanks to Mr. Edred Wright, our conductor, for carrying us through yet another enjoyable term's singing. M.D.D.

THE SOMNER SOClETY President: MR. F. H. VOIGT Hon . Secretary: I. A. CAML'IlELL At the first meeting of the Society this term, the President gave a talk entitled "Roman Provence", wh ich was fu ll of interest and well attended. Mr. Voigt ill ustrated his s ubject with photographs shown on the epidiaseope, which included photographs of the Pont d u Gard near Nlmes, the Roman theatre at Orange, the Maison Ca rn~e at Nlmes, the theatre and amphitheatre at Aries and the monument to Gaius and Lucius. Although Mr. Voigt was far from being in the best of health when he gave his talk, he presented his subject so clearly and coherently that h is lecture was excellent. M. Jessop Price read a paper on Mithraism, which he followed with a short talk on the Walbrook temple of Mithras in London. Jn a very good and well prepared paper he emphasized some of the close affinities of Mithraism and Christianity, and he attributed the failure of Mithraism to become a great religion to the fact that it remained inextricably linked with nature worship and was thus too primitive for the more sophisticated Romans. He then gave a brief outline of the finds at the Walbrook temple, which served as a useful and excellent guide for the Classical Sixth on their expedit ion to Roman London on the following day. The Society has attended some of the meetings and lectures of the Canterbury Archaeological Society, which included a very interesting talk by Mr. Skilbeck of Wyc College on "Life in a Medieval College" and a fascinating lecture on " Some Recently Discovered Wall Paintings" by Mr. Clive Rouse. Dr. Urry gave a most impressive talk on "Christopher Marlowe", whose life he has been recently studying in great detail. He devoted much of his time to speaking about Marlowe's family and he especially referred to the rather unusual life of debt and notoriety of his father John Marlowe, the shoemaker. Dr. Urry concluded his lengthy and extremely interesting talk with "some sweet oblivious anecdotes" about life in Elizabethan Canterbury. The Society hoped to have a short expedition to the Norman Church at Barfreston and to the Castle and R oman Pharos at Dover, but owing to the increased cost of hi ring coaches and a slight lack of support t he exped ition unfortunately h ad to be postponed, and will probably take place next term instead. Meanwhile a whole day expedition is being planned for the Summer Term, which may be in the form of visits to some of the castles, abbeys, churches and houses of historic interest on and near the Sussex coast. Because of the unsuitable weather and conditions the excavations have been continued only rather spasmodically this term. Much Roman and some Thirteenth Century pottery, but few other objects of interest, have been found. Mr. Frank Jenkins, F.S.A., who very kindly arranged for the cleaning of the Saxon brooch, which was found in the excavations last term, has suggested that the Chapter might lend the brooch to the Royal Museum, where it would receive proper care and necessary attention, and where it would be put in a showcase with brooches of a similar date which have recently been found in East Kent. Meanwhile the brooch, which he has dated to circa 500 A.D., is being kept in the strong room of the Chapter Library. I .A. C.

THE CAXTON SOCIETY President: MR. H. W. OSMOND Hon. Secretary: P. E. I. L ILLY The Society has now recovered from last term which was one of the most strenuous on record with all its programmes and Christmas cards. This term we have eight new members, who bring our total number up to thi rty-five. Meetings continue, twice weekly, under the expert guidance of Mr. Peeu, to whom we extend our most grateful thanks. 138

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THE CAN T UA RIA N The main feature of this term has been the annual outing to Messrs. Smith and Young, a well known O.K.S. firm whose buildings a re in Southwark. We were first shown specimens o f their posters, and engraved and die-stamped notepaper, a nd then had a general introduction to the factory by Mr. W. C. Young. After lunch in their canteen, we were split up into th ree g roups and in turn visited the lithographic, engraving and die-stamping departments. Our lithographic instructor d rew one o f us in about two minutes on a zinc litho-plate a nd in about ten minutes we had as many prints as we wanted of the finished portrait. We also saw photographs of advertisements being transferred on to plates. The engraving instructor, who had been at the job for over thirty years, told us how it was quicker to engrave by hand than by machine. He then produced a small piece of mechan ism which can measure the depth of engraving up to a two-thousandth o f an inch. We were then shown how important the "make-ready" was in diestamping. Three layers of cardboard a re glued on to a plate, an impression is taken and then all the unnecessary cardboard is removed. Fina lly we were shown many specimens of die-stamped notepaper including that of Buck ingham Palace. To commemorate our visit, we were all asked to sign our names o n a zinc plate from which prints were then taken. This term we have purchased two new types, Reiner Scri pt and Studio Bo ld, both from the Amsterdam Found ry. We have also printed four house and staff play programmes, a Music Circle concert programme, and Society notepaper. Unfortunately, one of our machines has again broken, but we hope it will be repaired by next term. A.A.J.W.

THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY President: MR. I. N. WtLKINSON Hon. Secretary: J. B. C. B ALK WILL The Society attended two lectures this term in the President's room. Activities were opened early in the term when D . H. B. Chesshyre gave a paper entitled " Wa rning Colours and Mimicry in Butterflies and Moths". During the course of the lecture he listed for us the types of protective and defence measures taken up by the Lepidoptera with book illustrations and mounted specimens. On the lOth March M . J. A. Simpson gave an illustrated ta lk on the various species of unicellular animals found in pond water at th is time of year. He brought with him some live specimens and microscopes and it turned into a very enjoyable evening for all. Again the Society visited Hothfield Common for its outing. The Common, which lies outside Ashford, consists of a "dry-heath", a "wet acid bog", and a " marsh", all of wh ich were studied . It was rather interesting to note the number of small birch trees and shrubs which had established themselves on the Common ; this was most probably due to the lack of rabbits. The Society then made its way along part of the old Pilgrims' Way where a wide selection of plant communities was studied. This was altogether a most successful outing and we hope to visit the same places next term. J.B.C.B.

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY President: MR. J. A. KENT Hon. Secretary: B. D. FooRD One evening at the beginning of this term ou r President, Mr. J. A. Kent, showed us some of his colour s lides, which not only proved interesting pictorially, but also photographically, since we discussed various s lides and techniques amongst ourselves, thus giving members a chance to ask questions and put forward their own ideas. J. R. F rew gave an interesting lecture, accompanied by a fi lm strip, entitled "When Winter Comes"; this gave us many hints besides showing the amusing technique of our grandfathers. T he height of the term's activities was reached when a party, from the Society, by the kind invitation of the Canterbury Camera Club, attended a lecture by Alfred Gregory at the Slater Hall, entitled "Photographing the Roof of the World". All the slides in this lecture were taken of expeditions in the H imalayas, including many from the 1953 Everest Expedition. The quality of the slides was exceptional, and most of us were struck by the apparent 3-D effect obtained. Later in the term the Hon. Secretary ta lked info rmally o n prints and print quality. The most obvious characteristic of this term has been the failure of people to attend Society meetings; it is hoped that this will improve, and that members will support the Society by coming forward with good quality prints in anticipation of an Exhibition this summer. B.D.F,

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C.C.F. NOTES ROYAL AIR FORCE SECfiON We can congratulate ourselves that this winter the glider has remained airworthy and that we have negotiated all the goal posts with safety. It is an admirable though exhausting method of enjoying the fresh air and it has been in usc practically every Tuesday, thanks to the fine weather. In spite of its distraction, our results in the Advanced and Proficiency examinations last term were up to standard, 4 out of 4 and 5 out of 11 respectively, and Cdt. Wortley is to be especially praised for his "pass with credit". Field day was spent with a visit to the Fairey Aviation Company factory at Hayes in Middlesex. Unfortunately owing to the long j ourney involved we could spend only two hours there, but we had time to see the assembly shops for the fuselages of the Fairey Gannet which arc made in two entirely separate sections. These are raken by road to Manchester and the final assembly is carried out at Ring way Airport. For our Easter Camp, 19 cadets led by F/Sgt. Gardener are visiting the R.A.F. station at Binbrook in Lincolnshire where we are promised a lot of nying. P.G.W.

ROYAL NAVAL SECTION The training this term has been mainly directed towards the Proficiency Examinations for Petty Officer, Leading Seaman and Able Seaman, in which 26 candidates were successful out of 43. On Field Day we were lucky enough to have more than e ight hours at sea in H.M.S. Ulster, the Royal Navy's latest Type 15 Anti-Submarine Frigate, when the most up-to-date Radar and Asdic devices were seen in operation and a most interesting and enjoyable day was spent by all 54 members of the Naval Section. The good ship Admiral Ward has received a thorough painting and varnishing at the hands of Cadet Leading Seamen Edwards, R. V., and Nightingale, and we hope for plenty of sailing at Whitstable next term, when our numbers look like breaking substantially even the present record: the officially recommended number for this post-Certificate "A" Section is 28! We say good-bye this term with regret to Cadet Petty Officer Smith, A. J. D., who has served the Section well as Petty Officer-in-Charge. He hands over the gold badges which mark his office to Cadet Petty Officer Balkwill. D .W.B.

THE ARMY Training t his term has gone ahead very smoothly, a nd in common with most other activities, has sufl'ered little from the weather. In fact, for the Field Day on March 12th, we had a very warm spring day; the majority of the Contingent went to Deal, where the Depot of the Royal Marines arranged a varied programme of shooting and field training, which included a quite strenuous assault course; we are much indebted to the Commandant for this help. The Certificate "A" results have been reasonable, though there is some weakness in Part TT which I hope next term will put right. It is hoped to take a good number to Camp at Shorncliffe at the end of the Summer Term, and the Camp should be a very enjoyable one. Promotions.- The following were promoted on 20th January, 1957, to the ranks stated:-C.Q.M.S. F. D. A. Maplethorp; Sgts. A. P. G. Stanley-Smith, M. H. Cartwright; L/Sgts. C. Vernon-Smith, J. A. Turner; Bdrs. D. D. Valpy, C. W. Yates; Cpls. C. J. B. Gallaher, N. Dcvoil, D. R . L. Harris, M. R. A. Matthew, B. A . Isbill, J. Kearin, G. A. G. Kidd, H. Moon; L/Bdrs. P. Chaffin, R. A. H. Clarke, C. C. F. Matthew; L/Cpls. D. J. Evans, B. D. Foord, J. R. Frcw, D. H. King, G. D. K. Marchmont, S. F. Oldrey, L. P. Alston, H. K. Bray, K. D. Dent, A. A. Elworthy, P. J. B. Grainger, M.D. Ham, R . M. Harvey, J. G. A. Headley, G. B. Jackson, M. R. Jenner, C. J. M. Jewison, A. D. W. O'Sullivan, L. P. Pitch. Certificate " A".- Part II was held on 2 1st March, 1957, and the following passcd:- M. E. Billinghurst, S. F. Docksey, D. T. F isher, N. D. Gi llett, N. R. Granville-Smith, D. C. Halton, C. J. Hanson, D. G. Jones, T. C. Kinross, G. W. Lane, J. K. McDonald, J. A. C. McElwee, D. Masters, C. H. G. de B. Tempest-Radford. Eight fai led. At a Part I examination on 19th and 21st MruÂˇch, 33 out of 39 passed. K.A.C.G,

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HOCKEY XI, 1957 Reading from L. to R. Back Row: D. J. Williams, R. E. F. Minns, A. J. Agnew, J. P. Roche, G. C. Prichard, P. H. H olmes-Johnson Front Row: D. G. Jones, M. R . B. Read, I. C. Potter (Capt.), C. W. Yates P. H. Gordon

G. C . VALPY

1891- 96 Obituary N otice p. 158

THE

CANTUARIAN

HOCKEY RETROSPECT, 1957 The team's prospects at the beginning of term were good in attack, but the defence needed to be found; we were fortunate in settling upon a combination which remained intact through the term and steadily increased in cohesion. The highlights of the season were the games against St. Lawrence, the Hockey Association and the O.K.S. which all resulted in a close finish. A very pleasant feature of the season has been the enthusiastic co-ordination of the team as a who le in which they were very ably led by Potter. Roche in goal was always very safe but was unfortunately injured for a long period in the middle of the season, when Masters proved a very adequate substitute. The backs, Agnew and Pritchard, were solid, the former being particularly good on the wet grounds in the early part of the season. The half positions were filled by Read and Gordon and either Holmes-Johnson or Allard, and this provided a good line in defence, although more support given to the forwards in attack would undoubtedly have produced more goals. The forwards naturally took some time to develop penetration, and in the early stages most of the thrust came from the wings, Jones and Minns; the former has become an excellent player, always being a potential match winner. Minns combined well with his inside, Potter, who was tireless in both attack and defence and whose game naturally flourished on the dry grounds later in the term. Speed and scoring ability were otherwise lacking from the centre as Yates tended to be too slow at first in passing, and Matthew was therefore unable to capitalise the opportunities offered him; after Williams took his position at centre-forward the attack looked much more menacing while Yates learnt from experience and by the end of the term used both through and cross passes to good effect. SECOND

This team has had one of the most successful seasons for years and developed well under the leadership of Evans. The goal-keeping in the hands of either Masters or Isbill was reliable and saved many a nasty situation. The full-back positions eventually went to Baxter and Maclldowie, who were quick to learn from their mistakes and always hit the ball hard. The halves were extremely sound, although they could have been more active in support of their forwards; but Allard, Evans and Pringle let little pass them in defence. The main thrust in attack came from the right wing where MacNicoll was most. reliable; the other forwards were inexperienced to begin with, but when the line settled down with Dunning, Matthew, Broadley and Barren filling the other positions, gradually learned how to use their opportunities and scored as many goals as the defence gave away, something which rarely happens with the second eleven. There has been a promising innovation this year in that we have been able to run a Colts' XI, in which several able young players have received training which should be invaluable for later seasons.

RESULTS 1sT Xl.- Played 8, Lost 4, Canterbury Hockey Association . . . Cliftonville St. Lawrence . .. St. Edmund's... Dover College Tonbridge O.K.S. 2ND

Won 3, Drawn 1 Lost 1-3 Lost 2-5 Lost 3-4 Drawn 2-2 Won 2-1 Lost 1-4 Won 4-2 Won 4-1

Canterbury Cliftonville St. Lawrence .. . St. Edmund's .. . Tonbridge

Lost Lost Won Won Drawn

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1-2 l- 2 2-l

2-1 1-1

I II

THE

C ANTUARIA N

KING's SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

CANTERBURY H.C.

King's 1; Canterbury 3 This game was played on a wet pitch which cut up badly after half-time, but despite this it was a most encouraging start to the season. Canterbury deserved to win because of their superior finishing and greater combination in midfield but territorially the game was very even. All three Canterbury goals came as a result of defensive errors' the first being particularly bad and which came as an a nti-climax after the School had been attacking for ten minutes. Canterbury changed over at half-time with the score 2-0 in their favo ur, but were hard pressed in the last twenty minutes of the second half when the School played good constructive hockey. During this period Yates had scored after the goalkeeper had been beaten by a centre from the right and Potter had three times come near to scoring. Agnew and Read played well in the defence for the School, but the forwards, although often looking dangerous, never combined well as a line.

KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V HOCKEY ASSOCIATION

King's 2; Hockey Association 5 Like a ll games for the first half of the season this was played on a wet pitch which reduced the standard of hockey, but despite this King's put up a very good struggle against an experienced side. The only score in the fi rst half came when Taylor of the H .A. beat Roche at the edge of the circle after a good run. During this half King's had as much of the ball as their opponents, but the strong 1-I.A. defence held the forwards and gave them little chance of ~coring. The second half began at a fast pace and after ten minutes King's equalised when Jones scored from a good centre by Potter and at this stage it looked as if the superior fitness of King's might win the game. However, Taylor started roaming all over the field and during a period of twenty minutes play was the architect of three goals. Later Matthew reduced the arrears with a magnificent shot from the edge of the circle but this was too late to alter the final result. KI NG'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

CLJFTONVILLE H.C.

King's 3; C liftonville 4 This was a not a good game from many points of view, in which tempers were un fortunately frayed towards the end. The score was 2- 1 in the School's favour at half-time, which was due to some excellent play by the forwa rds in the first twenty minutes. King's began the second half well and nearly scored several times, but Gordon at centre-half then received a blow on the knee which virtually put him out for the rest of the game and from this moment onwards Cliftonvi lle began to have more of the play. They scored three goals in this half to wh ich King's replied with a goal near the end. Potter scored two goals and Jones. one for King's, all three of which were the result of good approach work by other forwards. KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

ST. LAWRENCE

King's 2; St. Lawrence 2 Despite the conditions, which were appalling, this was a most enjoyable game played between two evenly matched sides, neither of which gained a decisive ho ld on the game at any stage. St. Lawrence territorially had more of the fi rst half, but some good defensive play by Agnew and bad fin ishing by the St. Lawrence forwards prevented them from securing a lead, so the sides changed over with the score l - 1 at half-time. St. Lawrence had scored after ten minutes, King's equalising just before half-time when Jones shot from a wide angle. St. Lawrence again scored first in the second half, but Jones again equalised and from this stage onwards both sides had opportunities which they failed to accept. Minns and Jones on the two wings played very well for King's in the forwards, and as usual Agnew and Read tackled hard and kept the left side of the field under control. 142

THE CANTUARIAN KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V ST. EDMUND'S SCHOOL Played at St. Edmund's on Tuesday, February 26th King's 2; St. Edmund's 1 In spite of a comparatively wet pitch this game was played at a just pace. King's dominated all but the last ten minutes of play and should have won by a greater margin had it not been for their poor finishing and the good goalkeeping of the opposition. In the first half King's had numerous opportunities of scoring, both Potter and Matthew shooting over the box, whilst St. Edmund's only once looked dangerous when their centre-forward shot past the post. Minns scored for King's after twenty minutes had elapsed and Yates added another in the second half. This stirred up St. Edmund's who replied with a goal from their left wing in the last minutes of the game and the final whistle found them attacking. KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY v DOVER COLLEGE Played at Dover on February 28th King's 1; Dover 4 For the first time this season King's played on a dry ground. In the first twenty minutes, however, King's attacked consistently and were very unlucky not to score two or three times. In spite of this, at half-time Dover were leading 1-0. In the second half King's deteriorated as time went on and were losing 4-0 before Williams scored with a good shot from the edge of the circle. Dover were obviously better suited to the conditions and took their chances whilst King's played below their usual standard, being slow and generally lethargic. Only Read and Agnew played anywhere near their best form, whilst, in general, King's tended to hit the ball much too hard rather than push or flick, and thus adapted themselves poorly to a pitch favouring fast hockey. KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY v TONDRIDGE SCHOOL Played at St. Stephen's on March 5th K ing's 4; Tonbridge 2 For once Birleys provided a good, hard surface, but in spite of this King'splayedreallyconstructivehockey only in the first half. King's scored after a quarter of an hour when Potter scored from the edge of the circle with a good shot, and some minutes later the same player scored again with an excellent backstick shot after taking the ball down the left side of the field. Ton bridge scored just before half-time at which King's led 2-l. In the second half King's played at half pace, allowing the opposition to dictate the speed of the game. Williams scored twice with good shots whilst Tonbridge scored once more from a goal-mouth scramble. On the whole the School played quite well, but, as always, tended to relax after a first half lead. Once again Agnew and Read were stalwarts in defence whilst Williams' introduction proved a great asset, providing added thrust to the forward line. Potter, as usual, played very well and both his goals must rank among the best scored this season. Âˇ KING's SCHOOL, CANTERBURY v THE O.K.S. Played at St. Stephen's on 9th March King's 4; O.K.S. 1 This game proved to be amongst the best and certainly the fastest this season, the O.K.S. fielding an unusually strong side. In the first half the School scored twice through Williams and Matthew, the former playing on the right wing in the absence of Minns, whilst the latter came in at centre-forward. In the second half Potter scored twice from passes from Yates and Jones whilst the O.K.S. who were pressing very hard at times scored a good goal towards the end. The forwards always looked dangerous, but had a strong O.K.S. defence, including Russell, Lee and Burt, to contend with. The defence, however, tended to muddle one another and the halves rarely supported the forwards- only Pritchard, at back, being outstanding, This was certainly one of the most enjoyable games of the season.

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THE CANTUARIAN

JUNTOR COLTS Two matches were played in the early part of Term. In each the team, showing a freshness and vigour of play which can only have resulted from playing five times as much hockey as rugby in the previous weeks, showed some new skill and pace. In addition to those who played in the Michaelmas Term, H . A. Barker and l. B. R. Fowler came into the team in February. RESULTS Feb. 9. v Dover G .S. Won 9-0 23. v Aylesham S.S. . . . Won 5-0

RUGGER The Seven-a-Sides Inter-H ouse Tournament took place o n Sunday, I Oth March, amid scenes of Hospital Cup-Tie enthusiasm from the many patriot ic supporters. Polished football was unfortunately not always apparent, but the teams made up for this by the energy they expended. Grange won the Senior Competition, deservedly so, for they had a sturdy trio in the serum a nd some thrust outside, although their win in the final over Galpins was a surprise for the followers of form, but not for those who watched it. In the Junior Section, Marlowe, the winners, displayed rare polish in defeating their opponents in an entertaining and intelligent manner. Grange's chances were sadly dashed by an injury which marred the final. The Competition viewed as a whole did not rival the high standard of last year. This was chiefly due to lack of practice-there was a noticeable amount of forward play for the conditions, which were good. However, both winners displayed the great qualities of Sevens, thinking faster than their opponents and not only getting the ball, but knowing what to do with it once they had it. On March 2nd the lsi and 2nd XVs took part in an away fixture against Eton College 1st and 2nd XVs. Conditions were good and King's kicked off with the light breeze at their backs. We were soon defending our line against an early attack but took play up into the other half, and as the game warmed up we proceeded to launch a series of successful attacks on the Eton line. The two packs were evenly matched, fo r if the Eton serum was heavier, and taller in the line-out, the King's forwa rds held them in the tight, and their greater experience made sure of a good supply of the bal l. T he second half seemed to be going the way of the fi rst, with the King's three-quarters showing their abili ty to attack and testing the Eton defence by hard running and sudden changes of direction. But towards the end the game took on a change; Eton began to press and were rewarded by two well-deserved goals. The Eton policy was hard to understand, for they "took" the ball from the line-out far too often, and it was only when they really started to move the ball about, which King's had done from the first, that they showed tangible achievement. Our team suffered from lack of any real fire and cohesion, a fact which could be explained away by lack of practice. Eton worked hard all the time and had the makings of a well-balanced team. The 1st XV won by 21 points to JO. The Second XV proved too strong for their counterparts and gained a comfortable win by 19 points to 5.

THE COLTS' XV EASTER TERM, 1957 The Colts benefited by playing, in practice games, with volunteers from the First Game, who set a fast pace and demonstrated the results of weak tackling. We are grateful to them for their help. In the matches the Colts played with more fire and confidence than last term, and looked a stronger side. The match against Maidstone Grammar School was lost in the last minutes of the game, after a hard and even battle in the mud. We won the other match, against Dover County Grammar School, fa irly easily-mainly because of good handling and backing up. l n both games the tackling was good. Ashenden

144

THE CANTUARIAN captained the side well, and his own play was more polished than last term. Russell was always dangerous in the centre, and Hussey made some strong breaks. RESULTS v Maidstone G.S. Lost 3-6 v Dover C.G.S. Won 9-0 J .S.H.

THE UNDER 14 XV The Under 14's played only two games this season; the first against Maidstone G.S. being lost 0-3 and the second against Aylesham Secondary School won 30-0. The team remained approximately the same as last term, and by the end of this short season the serum had developed into a formidable combination in all departments of the game. The weather in both matches was inclement and this prevented any startl ing back-play. .But there were no weak links, and the who le side benefited from the experience gained in these two matches. An encouraging sidelight of this season has been the series of " A" matches played against the Junior School, Milner Court. It is to be hoped that this practice will be continued in future seasons. The team has been: D. S. Baker; S. J. M . Barnetson; J. A. M. McClure, A. D . M. S. McClelland; C. Baker; W. D . Maycock, M. J. Lindley; P. D. Webb, A. K . P. Jackson, P. H. Gallwey, M. J. Parsons, C. H. Cavendish-Smith, J. Norris, H. A. Rudgard, W. D . Chesshyre. The following have also played : J. J. R. C. Harston, G. D. Williams, R. H . Percival. P.H.W.G.

ATHLETICS The weather was excellent throughout the term. This enabled the Club to train regularly out of doors, and by the beginning of March, everyone was as fit as could be expected. Full trials were held in every event before the Tonbridge Match, and so we were certain we had the strongest team we could possibly raise. Our field events seemed to have improved considerably from last year, and the track events were as promising as they had been before. Both a Senior and Junior team took part in the match. The School started very badly in the Senior contest, gaining after 4 events, only 6 points to Tonbridge's 30. Tonbridge dominated in the Weight and the Discus as last year. These two events and the 880 Yards, in which they were 1st and 2nd, gave them their lead. However, King's fought back and closed the gap considerably, ending the match only 5 points behind Tonbridge's 51. Our greatest improvements on last year were in the Javelin and High Jump events. Stevenson threw well to reach 142 ft. and I bbotson showed his talent as a High Jumper. King's turned the tables on Tonbridge in the J unior Match, winning by 10 points with a score of 49. Our weakest events were the weight and the 880 yards- in the latter of which we failed to get a place. We have a good basis here for an excellent side in the future. lt would be unfair to single out anyone in particular for praise, for they all trained hard, and did more than their share in winning their match. TONBRIDGE SCHOOL v KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY MARCH 14TH, 1957 RESULTS Senior: K.S.C. 46; Tonbridge 51 100 YARos.- !, Kendall (Ton); 2, Turner, J . (K.S.C.); 3, Heroys (Ton). Time: 10.2 sees. WEIGHT.- ! , Dauppe (Ton); 2, Andrews (Ton); 3, Kemp (K.S.C.). Distance: 38ft. 8 in. 880 YARDS.-!, LeMay (Ton); 2, Wardle (Ton); 3, Smith (K.S.C.). Time: 2 min. 8.3 sees. D1scus.-l , Brett (Ton); 2, Heroys (Ton); 3, Kemp (K.S.C.). Distance: 110ft. 3 in. 220 YARDS.-!, Turner, J . (K.S.C.); 2, Kendall (Ton); 3, Heroys (Ton). Time: 23.9 sees. JAVELIN.- !, Stevenson (K.S.C.) ; 2, Singer (Ton); 3, Page (Ton). Distance: 142ft. 6 in. 440 YARDS. -1, Vincent (K.S.C.); 2, Williams (K.S.C.); Conway (Ton). Time: 54.3 sees. HIGH JUMP.- 1, lbbetson (K.S.C.); 2, Jarrow (Ton); 3, Gibbs (Ton). Height: 5 ft. 2~Âˇ in. LoNG JUMP.- ! , Turner, J. (K.S.C.); 2 = , Fox, R . (Ton) and Doidge (K.S.C.). Distance: 20ft. 2 in. MlLE.- I, Sutherland (Ton); 2, Bowen (K.S.C.), 3, Isaacs (Ton). Time: 4 min. 45.5 sees. RELAY (4 x 220 yds).-1, King's ; 2, Ton bridgo. Time: I min. 35.7 sees. 145

THE CANTUA RIA N J unior: K.S.C. 49; Tonbridge 39 100 YARDS.-1, Turner, M. (K.S.C.); 2, Stewart-Clarke (Ton); 3, Rollason (K.S.C.). Time: 10.6 sees. JAVELIN.-1, Brown (K.S.C.); 2, Le Marchand (Ton); 3, Pritchard (K.S.C.). Distance: 130 ft. 9 in. (School Middle Record). 880 YARDS.- 1, Metaxa (Ton); 2, Walker (Ton); 3, Bond (Ton). Time: 2 min. 8.3 sees. LONG JUMP.- 1, Pritchard (K.S.C.); 2, Payne (Ton); 3, Peacock (Ton). Distance: 18ft. 220 YARDS.- 1, Stewart-Clarke (Ton); 2, Stanway (K.S.C.); 3, Rollason (K.S.C.). Time: 24.8 sees. HIGH J UMP.-1, Wortley (K.S.C.); 2, Baxter (K.S.C.); 3, Cogan (Ton). H eight: 4ft. I I! in. D1scus.- l , Pitch (K.S.C.); 2, Pritchard (K.S.C.); 3, Farr (Ton). Distance: 112ft. II in. 440 YARDS.-1, Beevers (Ton); 2, Turner, M. (K.S.C.); 3, Mulford (K.S.C.). Time: 55.1 sees. WEIGHT.-1, Heroys (Ton); 2, Sugg (Ton); 3, Baxter (K.S.C.). Distance: 38ft. 6 in. RELAY.- 1, King's; 2, Tonbridge. Time: I min. 41.4 sees. DOVER COLLEGE v KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY MARCH 18TH, 1957 D over College produced a very strong team and beat us by 9 points. Unfortunately we were without Vincent and D eller, who were away, a nd Redpath, who was still unable to race. However, even with them in the team, it would sti ll have been very close. The programme included a 120 Yards Hmdles and excluded a 220 Yards race, which proved a nuisance to King's. We lost the match on our Weight and Discus and Long Jump. Kent of Dover did very well in both; he is only 16! , but he put the 41! feetan excellent putt for any schoolboy. 1bbetson and Stevenson won their events easily again, and Bowen ran his best mile so far this term. REsULTS K.S.C. 44; Dover 53 100 YARDS.-1, Turner, J. (K.S.C.); 2, Crowther (Dov); 3, Willian1s (K.S.C.). Time: 10.4 sees. 880 YARDS.-1, French (Dov); 2, Legatt (K.S.C.); 3, Smith (K.S.C.). Time: 2 min. 9 sees. 440 YARDS.- 1, Lynham (Dov); 2, Williams (K.S.C.); 3, Turner, M. (K.S.C.). Time: 55.4 sees. LONG JUMP.-1, Crowther (Dov); 2, King (Dov); 3, Turner, J. (K.S.C.). Distance: 19ft. 5 in. WEIGHT. -1, Kent (Dov); 2, Sawyer (Dov); 3, Kemp (K.S.C.). Distance: 41 ft. 6 in. D1scus.-J, Kent (Dov); 2, Rouse (Dov); 3, Redpath (K.S.C.). Distance: II I ft. 3 in. 120 YARDS H uRDLES.- 1, Lynham (Dov); 2, Agnew (K.S.C.); 3, Ibbctson (K.S.C.). Time: 17.2 sees. JAVELIN.- 1, Stevenson (K.S.C.); 2, Lynham (Dov); 3, Stewart (K.S.C.). Distance: 141 ft. 6 in. MlLE.- I, Bowen (K.S.C.); 2, Innes (Dov); 3, French (Dov). Time: 4 min. 49.8 sees. HtGH JuMtâ&#x20AC;˘.-1, Jbbetson (K.S.C.); 2, D ale (Dov) ; 3, Head (Dov). Height: 5 ft. 0 in. RELAY (4 x 220 yds.).-1, King's; 2, Dover. Time: I min. 37.5 sees. THE ACHILLES VISIT On March 22nd we received a coaching visit from the Achilles Club, which was very kindly organized by W. C. Young, Esq., o.K.s. Thei r team consisted of nine members of this year's Cambridge University team. All those who were in either Senior or Junior Matches took part in their own events, in each of which one or two of the Achilles joined. We ran a 100 yds., 220 yds., 440 yds., 880 yds. and Mile. The most exciting race of the day was the Mile, in which Bowen, paced by Roger Dunkley, recorded his best tinle of 4 min. 37 sees.-two seconds outside the School record. The Achilles won a handicap 4 x 220 yards Relay by about 10 yards. After the races individual coaching was given in most events, which was both interesting and instructive. We are very grateful to them and to W. C. Young for their kindness in arranging such an enjoyable afternoon. We all hope they may be able to visit us again soon. TH E INTER-HOUSE COMPETITION The Sports were very skilfully re-organized this year by Mr. Milner. Each boy was limited to a maximum of three events. Also there was only one main Sports Day, instead of the usual two; all but seven events, the Pentathlon and the Tug-of-War, were run off on the Monday afternoon, in the surprisingly short tinle of two hours. T he Javelin and Discus events were moved nearer to spectators, and there were nearly always two or three events in progress at the same time, so that as far as possible everyone would find something interesting to watch throughout the aft ernoon. 146

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TH E CANTUA RIAN This re-organization was very successful in every respect. Eight records were broken and the general standard was fa r higher than last year. Most people found that the afternoon did not drag as it was wont, and that their interest and excitement was not a llowed to flag. School House won the Standard Times Competit ion and went on to win the Athletics Cup with The Grange second, and Meister Omers third. There were several outstanding performances both in track and field events. J. Rodwell, after a most successful cross-country season, won the Middle Mile and the Junior 880 yards in record times and also the 440 yards. Stanway beat the Middle Long Jump Record by 9 in., and Brown increased his own Middle Discus Record by 20 ft. Space, however, does not permit other equally worthy performances to be mentioned. SENIOR 100 YARDS.- 1, Turner, J. (MO); 2, Williams, A. (Lin); 3, Deller (SH). Time 10.3 sees. 220 YARos.- !, Williams, A. (Lin); 2, Vincent (MO); 3, Deller (SH). Time: 24.1 sees. 440 YARDS.- ! , Redpath (Gal); 2, Williams, A. (Lin); 3, Vincent (MO). Time: 54 sees. 880 YARDS.- 1, Bowen (Lin); 2, Smith, A. (SH); 3, Legatt (Mar). Time: 2 min. 6.8 sees. MlLE.- I, Bowen (Lin); 2, Finburgh (Lin); 3, Clothier (Lux). Time: 4 min. 52.4 sees. H URDLES.- !, Agnew (Gr) ; 2, Mastin (SH); 3, Ibbetson (Lux). Time: 16.9 sees. LONG JuMP.- 1, Agnew (Gr); 2, Turner, J. (M.O.); 3, Scott (MO). Distance: 19ft. 3 in. H1CH JuMP.- 1, Ibbetson (Lux); 2, Stevenson (Gal); 3, Stewart (Lux), Stevens (Lux) and Watson (SH). Height: 5 ft. 2t in. D1scus.- l, Kemp (Gr); 2, Redpath (Gal); 3, Stewart (Lux). Distance: !09 ft. 5 in. WEJCHT.- 1, Stevenson (Gal); 2, Jenkins (Lux); 3, Kemp (Gr). Distance: 33 ft. 9! in. JAVELIN.- !, Stevenson (Gal); 2, Apcar (Lin); 3, D ent (MO). Distance: 126ft. 3 in. RELAY (4 x 220 yds.).- 1, Galpins; 2, Marlowe; 3, Grange. Time: l min. 41.l sees. PENTATHLON.- !, Turner, J. (MO); 2, Redpath (Gal); 3, Agnew (Gr). Tuc-oF-WAR.- School House defeated Luxmoore in the final. MIDDLE 100 YARDS.- !, Brown (Mar); 2, N icholls (SH); 3, Mulford (MO). Time: 10.9 sees. 220 YARDS.- ! , Stanway (SH); 2, Nicholls (SH); 3, Mulford (MO). Time: 25.7 sees. 440 Y ARos.- 1, Kent (SH); 2, Pattrick (Gr); 3, D olby (Lux). Time: 60.8 sees. 880 YARos.- !, Parry (Gr); 2, Gascoigne-Pees (SH); 3, Ayling (Wal). Time: 2 min. 14.4 sees. MlLE.- I, Rodwell (SH); 2, Gascoigne-Pees (SH); 3, Parry (Gr). Time: 4 min. 49 sees (record). HuRDLES.- !, Khanna (Wal); 2, Parry (Gr); 3, Radcliffe (Mar). Time: 19 sees. LONG JuMP.- !, Stanway (SH); 2, Kent (SH); 3, Fowler (MO). Distance: 18ft. 8 in. (record). H IGH JuMP.- !, Drown (Mar); 2, T horne (Wal); 3, Fowler (MO). Height: 4ft. 9 in. D1scus.- 1, Brown (Mar); 2, Rawlinson (Lin); 3, Kemp, C. (Gr). Distance: 122ft. 0! in. (record). WEICHT.- 1, Kemp (Gr); 2, Stanway (SH); 3, Rawlinson (Lin). Distance: 37ft. 8 in. (record). JAVELIN.- !, Pattrick (Gr); 2, - -; 3, - -. Dislallce: 83ft. RELAY (4 x 220 yds.).- 1, School House; 2, Grange; 3, Meister Omers. Time: 1 min. 45.1 sees. JUNIOR 100 YARDS.- ! , Baker (Gr); 2, Pritchard (Lux); 3, Maybury (Wal). Time: 10.9 sees. (record). 220 Y ARos.- 1, Baker (Gr); 2, Consterdine (MO); 3, Griffith (MO). Time: 26 sees. 440 YARos.- ! , Rodwell (S H)~ 2, Maybury (Wal); 3, Consterdine (MO). Time: 59.7 sees. 880 YARDS.- 1, Rodwell (SH); 2, Consterd ine (MO); 3, Gillespie-Smith (Mar). Time: 2 min. 12.3 sees. (record). LoNe J UMP.- !, Barber (Mar); 2, Osborn (Lux); Pritchard (Lux). Distance: 17ft. 4 in. H JOH JuMP.-1, Baxter (Gr); 2, Barker (Wal); 3, Baker (Gr). Height: 4ft. ll t in. (record). WEIGHT.-!, Baxter (Gr); 2, Maybury (Wal); 3, Carter (MO). Distance: 36ft. St in. D1scus.- l , Barber (Mar); 2, Langridge (Lin); 3, Baxter (Gr). Distance: 101 ft. 2 in. JAVELIN.- !, Stockell (Mar); 2, Pritchard (Lux) ; .3, Swanson (Gr). Distance: 118ft. 5 in. (record). First Colours were awarded toR. C. Bowen, D. C. C. Stevenson, M. E. W. Vincent and V. G. lbbetson. Second Colours were awarded to A. A. J. Williams, J. Rodwell, I. Gascoigne-Pees, G. C. L. Dodd and J. R iceman. Our thanks are due to Mr. Milner and Mr. Caswell for their great interest in and their coaching of the Athletics Club; to Mr. Milner, Mr. Caswell, Mr. Pollak a nd many other members of the Staff, without whom the Athletics matches and sports would never run as smoothly as they do. J.A.T. 147

THE CANTUA RIAN

CROSS-COUNTRY CLUB The Club has grown throughout the season and now numbers about 35, all of whom have shown great keenness and enthusiasm. Training has been held four times a week, either over the course or in the Methodist Ha ll, which is being used until the gymnasium is completed. I n March, when athletics training began, many of the Club j oined the specially formed Middle Distance Training Group. The Jst VJH has had a good-or more aptly a prom ising-season, for the team is the youngest the School has produced for many years. Although it is invidious to sillgle out names in so compact a team, J . Rodwell and I. Gascoigne-Pees, who are still juniors, must be congratulated on their performances during the term . The team as a whole has run well together and has gained much experience which should prove invaluable next season. KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V SOUTH LoNDON H ARRJ ilRS

Run on February 2nd at H ome The School ran very well against strong opposition and only just lost. The School, counting the first six places, were: 4th, Rodwell ; 6th, Bowen; 7th, Lebish; 8th, Gascoigne-Pees; 9th, Riceman; lOth, Dodd. Team Result: 1st, S.L.H., 37 pts; 2nd, K.S.C., 44 pts. K ING'S S CHOOL, CANTERBURY V BLACKHEATH HARRIERS AND DOVER

Run on February 9th at Dover This was perhaps the most successful match of the whole season, for it was won by good packing. The School, counting the first six, were: 3rd, Bowen; 7th, Lebish ; 8th, Rodwell; 9th, Gascoigne-Pees; l Oth, D odd ; 13th, Parry. Team results: 1st, K.S.C., 50 pts.; 2nd, Blackheath Harriers, 56 pts.; 3rd, D over, 73 pts. The match with Lancing, proposed for February 16th, had to be cancelled because of the petrol rationing. KJNG'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

TONBRIDGE

Run on February 21 st at Tonbridge The race was run over Tonbridge's 6t mile course, but there was no result as our team lost the way. This was a great disappointment as we were in a leading position. KING'S S CHOOL, CANTERBURY V HARROW, HtGHOATil, B llRKHAMSTEAD AND FELSTED

Run on February 23rd at Berkhamstead Felsted entered this annual competition for the first time, but the race was run in very wet conditions and the team found themselves rather unused to the hilly course. The School, counting the first four, were : 3rd, Bowen; 6th, Rodwell ; 15th, Lebish and Riceman. Team Results: 1st, Berkhamstead, 15 pts; 2nd, K.S.C., 40 pts.; 3rd, Harrow, 48 pts.; 4th, Felsted, 49 pts.; 5th, Highgate, 74 pts. THE I NTER-SCHOOLS RACE ORGANIZED BY THE B LACKHEATH H ARRIERS

Run on March 2nd at Hayes This was a new fixture, but the team was not running to form. The School, counting the first four, were: 3rd, Bowen; 46th, Lebish ; 52nd, Rodwell; 58th, Dodd. We were placed ninth out of a field of twenty-five. THE I NTER-SCHOOLS RACE ORGANIZED BY THE SOUTH LoNDON HARRIERS

Run on March 16th at Coulsden The School, counting the first fo ur, were: 9th, Bowen; 30th, Rodwell; 33rd, Lebish; 38th, GascoignePees. 148

THE CANTU ARIA N

THE INTER-HOUSE MATCHES The Junior o n February l ith was run in wet conditions, and Rodwell ran very well, therefore, to equal last year's course record. It is interesting to note that the first eleven places were occupied by members of the Club. The first six were: 1st, Rodwell (18 mins. 54 sees.); 2nd, Gascoigne-Pees; 3rd, Parry; 4th, Thorpe; 5th, Consterdine; 6th, Ayling. The first three houses were: lst, School House, 31 pts.; 2nd, Meister Omers, 44 pts.; 3rd, Walpole, 50 pts. The Senior two days later was run in the worst conditions possible. Once again the first eleven places went to members of the Club. The first six were: 1st, Bowen (22 mins. 24 sees.); 2nd, Rodwell; 3rd, Dodd; 4th, Lebish; 5th, Riceman; 6th, Parry. The first three houses were: 1st, Meister Omers, 30 pts.; 2nd, Linacre, 37 pts.; 3rcl, School House, 47 pts. During the season the School were represented by: Bowen, Lcbish, Rodwell , Gascoigne- Pees, Dodd, Riceman, Parry, Thorpe. Ayling and Consterdine both ran once. 1st Colours were awarded to R. C. Bowen and 2nd were re-awarded to R. D. Lebish and awarded also to J. Rodwell , C. G. L. Dodd, r. Gascoigne-Pecs and J. Riceman. Colts Colours were awarded to J. R. Parry a nd D. K. Thorpe. Finally the Club would like to express its grateful thanks to Mr. M. C. Caswell, who has worked so very hard for us this term . R.C.B.

THE BOAT CLUB In marked contrast with last year, conditions fo r boating this term have been as good as can be hoped for in the Lent Term, and it is about fi ve years since the eights have enjoyed such uninterrupted work. The Stour at Pluck's Gutter has only once threatened to run out of water, and then not seriously enough to prevent boating. In the early part of the term towpath mud made coaching an extremely frustrating business, especially as one section of our "path" has been ploughed up, and what bank there was left was regularly strewn with debris at high tides. But later on even this section dried out quite well and coaches, with extreme efforts of wind and limb, have almost been able to keep up with their charges. The net result of all this has been that both eights have been able to do much hard and fruitful work. With seven of last year's 1st Vlll available, it has been possible to spend plenty of time over the early stages of training. The policy this term has been to hold the crew back to ensure a fi rm foundation for the summer rowing and to treat Putney as a n intermediate stage in long-term training rather than as an end in itself. After an extended period of work in tubs and fours, the o rder of the crew was settled fairly quickly a nd they have covered nearly 200 miles of hard padd ling at low ratings. With the exception of a few outings early in March, the Vlll have consistently shown much better blade-work and control than last year; they are now well on their feet in the forward position and are gradually learning to use their weight to move the boat really fast. There is, however, much to be done before the summer; they cannot yet command a high rate of striking without losing their stride and rhythm, and timing is still often uncertain, especially in the bow four. The whole crew have also to learn how to keep the blade working at full pressure right through the stroke and this will come only from much hard and thoughtful work. Most of the foregoing remarks, both of praise and criticism, also apply to the 2nd VI II ; they have only two members left from last year, but they are already promising to be a much stronger crew. They are showing good control and steadiness and have worked well. If they can learn to apply their work at a higher rating they should prove a useful crew.

The 1st and 2nd VIII's were entered for the Schools' Head of the River Race on the Tideway from Hammersmith to Putney, which was rowed on March 27th. There was a record entry of 74 crews and conditions for the race were perfect, with smooth water and a light tail-wind. The 1st VIII had a very good row, seldom striking more than 28 and letting their boat run well, and went up three places to finish 7th = ,the School's best performance since 1953. The standard among the top crews was high this year and only seven seconds (about two lengths) separated the first nine crews. The 2nd VIII also had a good steady row to finish 21st, which placed them third among the 2nd eights. Both crews can be well satisfied with the result, as they showed that they have a good foundation for the much higher rate of striking demanded by regatta work next term. 149

THE CANT UARIAN Crews:l st VIII : A. T. Webb, bow ; P. C. Ament, 2; J. B. C. Balkwill, 3; R. H. Croxford, 4 ; P. F. Valpy, 5; T. N. Harke, 6; T. C. J. Chenevix-Trench, 7; J. R . Frew, stroke; N.D. Gillett, cox.

2nd VIII: J. C. G. Smith, bow; A. P. G. Stanley-Smith, 2; H. A. Brown, 3; T. Jardine-Brown, 4; N . Devoil, 5; A. C. R. Cobb, 6; C. H. G. de B. Tempest-Radford, 7; E. A. J. Gardener, stroke ; A. M. Williamson, cox. A Colts' VIII for the summer has done much preliminary work in fours at Fordwich and they have made a promising start to work in eights in their first few appearances at Pluck's Gutter. Boating for the rest of the Club has been rather limited by coaching problems, but most members have put in some useful basic work fo r the summer. We are most grateful to Mr. Caswell for devoting his time to the VIII's on Sunday mornings; the P.T. is invaluable in building up the strength and stamina of the crews and it is hoped next term to supplement it with weight-training. D .S.G.

SQUASH RACKETS It has been a good year and, with four of our fi rst six P.layers reJ?aining next year, the future is bright. Although the remainder of the team have not approached the htgh standard set by J. A. Turner and A. T. Webb, there have been more contenders for places in the side than ever before, which is a healthy sign. Turner is the best player we have produced in recent years and, if he makes a corresponding improvement next year, he will be hard to beat. His best performance consisted in just losing 3- 2 to the Dover College No. J, who had the distinction of playing for the Public Schools side. The other members of the team all won on this occasion, so that we won the match 4-1. We also defeated Westminster twice and the Masters 4-3, but lost to Merchant Taylors' and Tonbridge, although considerably improved form on last year was shown in these matches. Although defeated by a strong Dover College side in an Under 16 match, this successfully provided match experience for a possible School side of the future and revealed weaknesses under match conditions which can be eliminated by coaching.

The House Matches were won by Meister Omers after an exciting Final against Galpin's, and J. A. Turner beat A. T. Webb in the F inal of the Individual Tournament (7- 9, 10- 8,9- 0, 9- 1), J. F. Hussey beat A. C. Russell (9- 6, 9- 0, 9- 5) in the Final of the Junior Tournament. The following represented the School in matches : J. A. Turner (Captain), A. T. Webb, A. J. D. Smith, J. G. A. Headley, J. A. C. McElwee, M. R. Jenner, C. M.G. Whittington, J. A. G. Stewart, J. C. Gunner. Under 16: J. F. E. D. Hussey, A. C. Russell, L.A. Warwick-Evans, A. R. H. Mileson. J. A. Turner, A. T. Webb and A. J. D . Smith were awarded Colours. D.W.B.

SOLUTION TO "CROSSED REFERENCES" Across.-! , Beatitude; 6, Seth; 7, Kith; 8, Bit ; 9, O.T.; 10, Dan; 11, As; 12, Nun; 14, Road; 15, Anna; 17, Confesses. Down.- 1, Bishopric; 2, Acts ; 3, lf; 4, Unit; 5, Ephesians; 7, Kin; 8, Ban; 10, Dud; 12, Nain ; 13, Ends; 16, We. 150

THE CANTUARIAN

FENCING MATCHES Thanks to the keenness and perseverence of Mr. Milner and Professor Mallard the Fencing Club has made very encouraging progress tilis year and flashes of promise can be seen even among our most junior members whicll leads us to hope for a well-equipped team in coming years. After our Scilool matches the House Competition was fought off, in which Marlowe beat M.O. by the very narrow margin of 9- 7, the first time within memory that the Cup has been out of M.O.'s hands. Towards the end of term, on March 17th, members of the senior foil team entered the Frank Page Competition for South-East Kent Clubs. The King's School Club came 4th with A. B. Savile being runner-up in the men's foil and B. S. Guard reaching the semi-finals. On March 31st the School team is taking part in the Kent Schools C hampionships and during April, the Public Schools Championships in London, and we wish them the best of luck. Colours were awarded this season to B. S. Guard, C. G. L. Dodd and D. d'A. Brewster, and reawarded to A. B. Savile, A. P. G. Stanley-Smith and I. S. Nicholson. We are hoping to be able to have some fixtures in what should be perfect weather for fencing, the Summer Term, and at a time which would give us invaluable practice for the serious work to be put in before next season. Against Eton the School won the Senior Foil 5-4 and the Junior Foil 7- 2 but lost the Sabre and Epee both 5-4, in a very close contest. On the whole assault King's won 20 fights and Eton 16. In the next match against Harrow once again the School were successful in both Senior and Junior Foil, Dodd, Brewester and Barker winning all their fights. However, things did not go so well at Sabre and Epee and t he result of the match hung on the last bout at Epee where Brewester just won against Kemp of Harrow to give King's J9 fights and Ha I TOw J7. At Tonbridge the School was well beaten in the Foil but unlucky to lose the Sabre on the last hit. In a Foil match against Highgate the Senior Team won 5-4 and the Juniors lost 5-4. The School gained a convincing win at East bourne in the last match of the season, winning the Foil 6- 3 and the Sabre 8- 1. Savile and Guard have done extremely well in all three weapons and Dodd has been outstanding in the Foil, together with Stanley-Smith and Brewester. Unfortunately only a few of the team will remain next season and much hard work will have to be done by the prospective members of next year's team if the standard is to be maintained. M.E.M.

BOXING Although it has been another rather disappointing season as far as results go- we lost to both Eastbourne and Tonbridge- much progress has been made towards a higher standard of boxing. All the bouts against Tonbridge were close, and L indley excelled himself by defeating his opponent in the first round. Cobb, our only winner at Eastbourne, also had an impressive season. We hope that with most of our team staying on, next season will be most successful. J.K.

SHOOTING CLUB The standard has continued to improve faster than ever, thanks mainly to the unfailing enthusiasm of R.S.M. Herbert, who has coached us very patiently the whole term. Another important reason for our success was that all the fixtures were under Country Life conditions (less landscape) th is term. Also the competition has increased greatly. At the moment the results are: lost 5, won 5, with 4 more results to come. Many more losses were anticipated, since the fixtu re list was both long (14 matches) and ambitious, so that it is an achievement to end the term with even losses and victories. The School record broken last term was once more exceeded and the new record equalled. The scores, however, have deteriorated towards the end of the term owing to injuries, absentees, etc. 151

THE CAN TUARIAN Results were as follows:Matches 1â&#x20AC;˘ Bedford (Lost). Bedford 656, K.S.C. 636. Sherborne (Won). Sherborne 607, K .S.C. 657 Oakham (Won). Oakham 638, K.S.C. 657 Radley (Won). Radley 64 1, K.S.C. 667 Framlingham (Lost). Framl ingham 682, K.S.C. 654 St. Paul 's (Lost). St. Paul 's 678, K.S. C. 667 Kelly College ( Lost). Kelly College 705, K .S.C. 667 King's, Taunton (Won). King's, Taunton, 656, K.S.C. 667 Tonbridge. Tonbridge, no scores yet, K.S.C. 649 Harrow (Lost). Ha rrow 683, K.S.C. 649 Bedford. No scores yet Charterho use. Charterhouse, no scores yet, K .S.C. 644 Bcrkhamstcad. No scores yet In the Couutry Life Competition we scored 644 plus 171 on the landscape ; that is a to tal of 815 (ex 912). A match against the Staff was also held this term which was quite an enjoyable novelty for both sides. The Staff with the aid of Lt.-Col. Gross and R.S.M. Herbert achieved the score of 528 (ex 600), surprisingly good for a team which has had scarcely any practice. The School scored 585. Group B of the Shooting Club has certainly produced some good shots al ready and is cultivating younger shots for the future. Bartley and I !amilton-Patcrson were last term's promotions from Group B, and are now fairly well established as members of the 1st VIII. Payne has continued to improve steadily and is a very good and reliable shot. /\pear has continued to shoot consistently very wel l. Lilly has improved sharply in the last few weeks of term, attaining the success expected from long and patient practice, rather suddenly. Another young and promising shot is Ricketts who is in line for next year's 1st VIJI. The School a rc now definitely sending a team to Bisley this summer to compete for the Ashburton Shield and other competitions. Lt.-Col. Gross and R.S.M. Herbert have made the trip possible and we are indebted to them for their help in arranging transport, equipment, etc., for us. There will be two practices a week during the Summer Term, for 16 members of the Shooting Club, on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2-7 p.m. The following were awarded their fi rst Shoot ing Colours at the end of term: R. A. Apcar, N. Payne, P. E. Lilly. Also the foll owing have represented the School in matches this term : R. K. Holt, R. A. Apear, N. Payne, P. E. Lilly, D. C. Bartley, J. D. l lam ilton-Paterson, C. J. B. Galla her, J. M. Atkins, 1\. J. Austin, H . J. Ricketts. R.K.H.

THE CANTUA Rl AN LODG E At the February meeting of the Cantuarian Lodge J. V. Kent (1925-35) was elected Master for the year 1957/58. At the same meeting F. G. J. Norton ( 1946- 51) attained full membership. Subsequent to the December issue of The Cantuarian it was decided to go ahead with the presentation of the clock for the new Assembly Hall. As this is being specially made there wi ll be some delay before it is ready, but it is hoped that it will be in position in time for the opening. Owing to changes in policy a t the Kingsley Hotel, it has been decided that o n and after the September meeting the Lodge will meet at the Mostyn Hotel, Portman Street, W. l. The meetings will in future be held on the fourth Thursdays in February, April, September and November. It is not possible to give details of the Lodge's activities, but perhaps a few general observations may be of interest. Masonry in a broad sense is a fellowship which stands its members in good stead almost all over the world, a nd is a particula rly interesting common meeting ground fo r people from all walks of life. Masonry is sometimes thought to be an expensive interest, but this is not true, as the fees for membership arc modest and a ny other expenses arc incurred completely at the discretion of the member. According to the Lodge's By-laws, membership is " primarily for those who have been educated at the King's School, Canterbury, and for Governors, Masters and Officers of the School present and past" . Anyone interested in our activities should write to the Secretary: R. A. T . Anderson, 18 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, London, S. W. l . 152

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THE CANTUAR I AN J. J.D. ORCHARD (1951- 54) has been very unfortunate. He left School early to j oin H. M.S. Conway from which he passed out at Easter, 1956, when he became a Shipping Company apprentice. He completed one voyage to New Zealand and back but discovered that certain cargoes gave him asthma so that he has had to give up the sea. We wish him every good fortune in finding another career. Through the Public Schools Appointments Bureau he is now a trainee in the Freight Department of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. D . H . KENNEDY (1947- 52) has also found an opening through the Bureau and is now training as a Chemist with the firm of Johnson Matthey & Co., Metallurgists and assayers to the Bank of England. TOM WAITS (1934-39) wrote a long and interesting letter to the Headmaster on Christmas Day and gave news of a number of O.K.S. We were particularly glad to hear of C. M. BOLT (1936-40)who never vouchsafes any news of himself. We learn that he is a civil engineer with Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, and is in charge of an irrigation survey team stationed at Kisumu. He is also married. JOHN WAITS (1941-44) is a junio r Labour Officer in the same Province, and A. A. KNELLER (1941-46) is Resident Magistrate of Tom's District. The latter had just had a visit from E . B. HOSKING, late Chief Native Commissioner of Kenya. We offer Tom belated congratulat ions on his award of the M.B.E. in the Birthday H onours in 1955, a fact which had previously escaped notice here! We look forward to the possibility of seeing him and his wife and three daughters here in the autumn. C. I. MEEK (1934- 39) has been ho me on leave but unfortunately had no opportunity of visiting Canterbury. His elder boy has now started at the Dragon School, Oxford, "Kim" is now working at the Secretariat at Dares Salaam. B. H. BRACKENBURY (1934-39) is now Secretary to the Premier of Nigeria, at Enugu. A POLLOK (1945-51) is sitting his Law Finals in November and is at present spending six months with a London firm of solicitors. P. HoLMER is now at the Foreign Office. Last year he was lent to the Civil Service Selection Board as Foreign Office "observer" fo r the selection of the 1957 intake to the Foreign and Home Civil Services. He noticed that there was only one O.K.S. among the candidates, J . E. Lucie-Smith. I. K. MEEK (1 938-41) was just going off to Ipoh when he wrote, to play for Penang in a 3-day polo tournament. H e is President of the Penang Polo C lub. R. D. MAITLAND (1947- 52) has recently left for Salisbury, having been appointed by the Southern Rhodesia Government to a Cadetship in the Department of Native Affairs. His brother, Ian (1950-55) is working for a firm of Lloyd's Insurance in London. M. C. PAITERSON (1948-53) writes that he has recently seen R. C. TOMK INS (1951-56) playing R ugger at Streatham, a nd that ROGER SPARROW ( 195 1- 54) is at the Middlesex Hospital with him, though a year junior, that he passed his 2nd M.B. in March at the first attempt and plays a leading part in the Hospital Sa iling Club, being thei r most prom inent member at Burnham in t he United Hospital's Sailing Club. JOHN BRADLEY ( 1945-48), now a registrar at St. Ebba's Hospi tal, Epsom, has recently sat for a d iploma in Psycho logical Medicine. Patterson also sees JOHN HAMILTON-PATERSON ( 1950- 54) in the Medical School and PETER SNOW lives at the same Y.M.C.A. hostel in London. D . H. TAYLOR ( 1947- 52) is reading Psychology. Patterson himself was busy delivering babies when he wrote and has played in the Hospital 1st XV, and wants any outstanding rugger players who arc inclined to take up med icine to go to the Middlesex! K. D. AGNEW ( 1946- 53) writes that both he and W. H. WooLSTON (1948- 54) have been playing for the College XV and that DAFYDD GRIFFITH (1953-55) has been strok ing the College 2nd VIH. N. C. G. RAFFLE (1 947- 53) played for the Possibles XV in the England Rugby Trial in December and also for the Cambridge University Past and Present XV which defeated the Combined South African Universities XV in February and scored a try. P. A. GouLDSBURY ( 1933- 37) has recently been at the Joint Services StanÂˇ College and writes that just above him in the alphabetical list of students was N. A. GORDON-WILSON ( 1933-40) whom he had not seen since he left School. L. H. TURNER (1930- 34) writes that D . A. SOMERVILLE, British Adviser in J ohore, has just been "abolished" and the Sultan created him Dato (our nearest equivalent to which is probably a knighthood). J .D. E. WAITS (1941 - 44), who is in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, is coming to England in April with a team of about 40 to give Musical ride displays at some of the important agricu ltural shows, and has recently toured the U.S.A. and Canada for the same purpose. 154

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THE CANTUAR J AN J .D. D. PORTER (1941-44) goes to the Queen's College, Birmingham, for his theological training in July. A. G. EYRE (1935-40) is now Principal of the Provincial Secondary School of Sokoto, on the edge of the Sahara, the seat of the Sultan of Soko to, spiritual head of all Moslems in Northern Nigeria. Last year Eyre spent the Easter Term teaching at Wimbornc Grammar School under J. D. NEIL, saw schools of all sorts in Denmark and was at Oxford for the Summer Term working very hard for his Diploma. He then did a course at the Scouts' International Training Camp at Gil well before going back to Nigeria. He had had an unbeaten football team and a good athletics team, though he finds it hard to coach such events as discus, javelin and pole-vault. The Governor-General had been to inspect the school, besides various Em irs and he took a party to Kaduna, where they were received by the Prime Minister and broadcast in a special programme. He was taking a party to Lagos fo r Christmas. He has offered the I leadmaster a rhinoceros-hide whip- the traditional punishment there and, he adds, "used sparinglybut used". We congratulate W. D. C. WIGGINS (1919- 21) and P. H . G . Scorr (1947- 48) o n the inclusion of their names in the New Yea r Honours List, the former being awarded the O.B.E., a nd the latter being created C. M.G. LT.-COL. W. E. C. PETTMAN (19 14-17) joined the Staff at J.K.S. this term to teach Mathematics. G. A. FouLDS (1940-46) from 1946 to 1955 served as Navigating Officer, Royal Fleet Auxiliary, mainly in Fleet Tankers and supply ships. He served in Korean waters in 1950. He is married and has a son, born in 1955. At present is working in the Radio Industry at Slough. I AN Aucorr ( 1928-34) is Manager of the Tokyo Branch of the firm of Messrs. Jardine Matheson & Co., Ltd. He is hoping to come on leave to England in the Spring of 1958 with his wife and daughter. D. D. CLEGG (1943-46) is now a Chartered Accountant and has been appointed as Accountant to two bakers in South Wales with "Spillers the Millers" organisation. He is married and has a son born in 1956. During his National Service he gained a Commission in the Secretarial Accounts Branch of the R.A.P. and was stationed at Lyneham, Wilts. S. W. HINDS (1929- 33) has recently been appointed to the Readership in Public Health in the University of London and tenable in the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Last year he was appointed Consultant to the World Health Organisation for the first meeting of "The Expert Committee on Organisation of Medical Care". A. C. BUDD (1919- 19) has recently joined the Association. He was at School for only one term as unfortunately he had to spend the next two years on his back. Since then he has spent most of his life in South America as Manager with t he firm of John D ickinson, the Paper Manufacturers. After War Service he returned to England and is now General Manager with t he Witchampto n Paper Mills. SPENCE D. T uRNER (1 903- 08) is enjoying life in Los Angeles shooting and fishing. Has shot elk-deer a nd antelope in the Big Ho rn Mountains of Wyoming. W ill be glad to see any O.K.S. who may fi nd their way to that part of the world. H. W. K. MowLL ( 1903-09), Archbishop of Sydney, has recently returned to Australia after leading a delegation to the Church in China. H is comments on returning have caused some controversy in Australia. W. TELFER (1900-05) now living in Faversham has been elected President of the Old Favershamians. Canon Telfer was at the Wraights School, Faversham, before he came to King's. G. I. SODEN was inducted as Vicar of Hindolveston, near East Dereham, Norfolk, on March 26th. D. B. YouNG (1935-40) is still on the Staff of Campbell College, Belfast, but hopes to revisit Canterbury before long. J. H. T. SHAW (1946-49) is serving a three-year commission in the R .A.M.C. He hopes to be married o n June 29th, but we have no further details. A. STEVENS (1950- 56), who has been working as a student apprentice with Lockheed, Ltd., Leamington Spa, has been accepted for King's College, London, for October next, to read Engineering. G. L. ACKERS is with Messrs. Ewbank & Partners, Ltd., in K uwait on the Persian Gulf. He sees something of J. D . 0 MMANNEY (1945-49) and P. J. EVANS (1935-36), who both work fo r the Oil Company some 25 miles from Kuwait. Ackers hopes to be able to visit the School with his wife in the autumn. He writes, "Unfortunately the quality of goods received from British Manufacturers in this part of the world leaves much to be desired." 155

THE CANTUARIAN J.P. FISON (1942-46) visited the School recently. He is on the Staff of the English Seminary of Upsala Un iversity, and a verse play of his, The Masque of Everyman, originally intended for television, has recently been published by Mowbrays. We hope to hear that it is to be produced in America in the autumn. We were interested to sec in the Church Times in January, under the heading "Portraits of Personalities", a photograph of J. G. ScoTT {1947-48), Secretary of the Church Assembly, and a short account of his career. M. D AVIDSON, having had a very profitable year in New Zealand, has now moved on to Australia to spend a year there. P. J. MURRAY {1945-51) wrote at Ch ristmas that both he and B. H. LEE {1 943-46) had passed Part I of their F inals. The former won the United Hospitals Tennis Singles and is Captain of Tennis as the latter is of the United Hospitals Hockey. ALLAN RoDGERS ( 1953- 54) is enjoying life at Princeton and says he has taken a liking to mediaeval history and is rowing but docs not seem to have enough " beef" fo r the kind of oarsman needed at Princeton. He worked on a road gang for a time last summer and then did a canoe trip in the Canadian woods which he hopes to repeat next summer. He is looking forward to having H. R. J. llOARil to stay with him in the summer. C. J. WHrre {1951-56) is now an articled clerk with a firm of solicitors. D. J. KmsH ( 1948-55) has just become engaged b ut d oes not tell us his fiancee's name. He is hoping to join the Colonial Service in Northern Rhodesia when he comes down from Oxford. PETER K NOLLER {1950- 55) writes from America where he is enjoying life and liking his work and the people. IN THE SERVICES ANTHONY FLETCHER {1949- 55), after basic training in the R.A.F., was selected for the Services Russian Language Course at Bodmin, and succeeded in getting on to the course at Cambridge University. He has been posted to the wilds of Scotland (Crail). D . R. NEVILE ( 1950-53) passed out of Sandhurst on 20th December, 1956, and is now a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Lciccstershirc Regiment. He expects to be going to Cyprus with the Regiment in the summer. SIMON JoNES {1950- 55) transferred from the East Surrey Regiment to the fn tell igcnce Corps and is now in Singapore. S. E. MINSHALL (1947- 50), at present serving in the Merchant Navy, has recently returned from Indonesia. J. G . C. EVANS {1 949- 54) is doing his National Service in the Royal Navy and took part in the landings at Port Said recently. H. L. CLARK {1 952- 56) is now a Cadet at the R.M.A., Sandhurst. He found two ot her O.K.S. in his Company when he arrived there. A. STEFF-LANGSTON (1941-44) is now a Squadron Leader and is doing a tour behind a desk at Mildenhall in Suffolk. He wrote recent ly that duri ng three years with a Hornet Squadron in I long Kong he was able to visit Japan, the Phillipincs, Borneo and Ceylon. He also tells us, a little late in the day, that he had the privilege of bringing home the Far East Air Force Cont ingent for the Coronation Parade. He returned to England in January, 1955, and joined a Canberra Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron. He was later given the job of taking a detachment of aircraft to Singapore last year and while there managed to spend a week-end with J. D. SLIMMING, a Protector of Aborigines in the heart of the Malayan jungle. P. B. H ARDING {1950- 55) is a Sergeant in the R.A.E.C. and is stationed at Crail in Fife. RODIN MILLER ( 1950- 54) is doing his National Service in 1-I. M.S. Cook. J . C. TRICil (1950- 56), N. C. G. RAFFlE {1947- 53) and R. \V111TCLEGO (1952-55) have passed W.O.S.B. MAJOR-GilNCRAL G. D . G. 1-hlYMAN, c. B., c. B.c. ( 1917-22) is now Chief of Staff, Southern Command. K. LovELOCK (1950- 54) is with the 4/7th Royal Dragoon Guards in Germany. J. HEMBRY (1949- 54) should have completed his National Service last September, but ofi'cred to stay on during the Suez Crises and writes t hat he had a most frustrat ing time in Cyprus and Port Said"where, contrary to many newspaper repo rts, there is hardly any damage at all". He goes on: "The one very smal l part l took in the operation was sufficient to make me thorough ly realise just how awfu l 156

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even the 'conventional' types o f war a re. Nevertheless, 1 am convinced that the action was absolutely justified". In his view the great fault lay in the fact that "we did not go far enough". He had recently heard from ALAN RoDGERS ( 1953- 54), who only narrowly missed getting into the Princeton VII 1 which won at Henley last year, and who most kind ly offers a temporary home fo r any O.K.S. who happen to be over in the States. J. D . SPOONER ( 1950- 55) is a Sergeant in the R.A.F. serving in Kenya. B. SALMON ( 1947-53) has recent ly been commissioned in the R.A.F . He is now doing flying training in England and one of the BARDERS, who was commissioned with him, is now training in Canada. N. A. J. SwANSON (1951 - 56) is a P/Wtr. in the Royal Navy. When he wrote in February he was in H .M.S. Ceres in Yo rkshire. G. P. MORGAN (1950- 56) is an Officer Cadet in the R .A.F. From the St. Edmund Hall Magazine, often better informed than ourselves, we learn that J. C. C. SHAI'LAND ( 1929- 32), now a Lieutenant-Colonel, has been awarded the O .B. E. and posted to Wash ington. J . H . T. SHAW (1 946- 49), afte r qualifying at Dur ham in 1955, was a houseman at Ma idenhead General Hospital and at Southmead Hospital , Bristo l. He is now servi ng with the R.A.M .C. and is stat ioned at at Preston. He hopes to be ma rried in June.

BI RTHS CRAY.- On December 28th, 1956, to Evelyn, wife o f Colin Cray (1940-45), a daughter, Fiona Jane. FLOWER.- On 2nd September, 1956, in London to Cynth ia, wife of Nicholas J. Flower (1935-44), a daughter, Rosemary Virginia. HOOPER.-On January 20th, 1957, to the wife of Coli n C. Hooper ( 1933- 38), 49 Younge Boulevard, To ro nto, Ontario, a son, D avid Leslie. CuSHMAN.- On 25th January, 1957, in Calcutta, to Jane, wife of Jeffery Cushman (1940-45), a son (James). Hooi'ER.- On 20th Ja nuary, 1957, to Helen , wife o f Coli n Carne Hooper ( 1933- 38), 49 Yonge Boulevard, Toronto, a son.

ENGAGEMENTS STONEIIOUSE- Boov.- W ill iam Geofl'rey Stonehouse ( 1922- 26) to Ma ry Elizabeth Body. COURY- DENT.- Dr. J . C. Coury (1940- 44) to Anita Mary Dent. MORGAN-LEEDING .- Lieul. Derek Owen Morgan, R.A. ( 1943- 46) to Janet Clare Leeding. ASHENDEN- l SLES.-R icharcl William Ashenden ( 1936- 39) to Margaret E lizabeth Tsles. LOMAS- PROCTOR.- Gerald Alexander Lomas (1935- 38) to G illian Margaret Proctor. T uRNOR- EASOM.- Montague Turnor ( 1946- 51) to Priscilla Mary Easom. FINN IS- NOTMAN.- Capta in Michael Moore Finnis, R.A.s.c. (1946-49) to Sally Notman. TURK- MARTIN.-Rodney Turk ( 1937- 40) to Joan Martin. BM DER- CLEMENTS.- John Martin Howard Ba rber ( 1950- 53) to Janet Maureen Clements. STEEL- FLETCHER.- D onald Steel to Elisabeth Fletcher. MARKS- BENNETTS.- Anthony Peter Marks to Ma rgaret Elizabeth Ann Bennetts. NEWSOME-SIMPER.- Paul Rossiter Newsome, R.A.F. (1945- 5 1) to D orothy Mary Simper. SHAW- 13LOOMER.- Lieut. J. H. T. Shaw, R.A.M.c. (1946-49) to Patricia Bloomer.

MA RRIA GES BRENNAN- Scorr.- On 9th February, 1957, in Nairobi, Captain Clive Marcus Brennan, M.C. ( 1947- 52), Royal lnnisk ill ing Fusiliers, to Sheila Margaret Scott. CoLEY- HAYDON.- Samuel John Coley (1948- 51) to Rachel Rimell Haydon.

DEATHS HEALE.- On lOth November, 1956, William Vernon Hcalc ( 1894-98). 157

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OBITUARIES H . H . HAYES (1898-1905) It was with great regret that we learnt of the death of Horace Herbert Hayes on the 1st January, for he must claim one of the strongest associat ions with the School that anyone can claim. H is three brothers all went to both the senior and junior schools between 1898- 1906, he sent his two sons to King's and his grandson is now at Milner Court. On top of this his wife, Edna C rowther, whom he married in 191 7, had six uncles, a brother and a fat her who were all at King's! This is indeed a remarkable connection. He was born on 9th August, 1888, the son of Herbert Edward H orace H ayes, P.W.D ., Ceylon. l n 1898 he went to the Junior School, and from thence to the Senior School where he distinguished himself principally in the Cricket X I, of which he was a member for his last two years. In it, he was renowned for his big hitting and fast scoring which he carried on with the Dorset Rangers Cricket C lub ; one cannot help feel ing that these qual ities could be profitably brought back into cricket to-day. On leaving King's, he went to the R.M.C. at Sandhurst, which he left in 1908 as a 2nd Lieutenant, 24th Regiment (South Wales Bordcrers). In 1909 he retired from the Army and went to the Cambornc School of Mines for a year. From 1910- 12 he was tea and r ubber planting i n Ceylon, and he became a director and chairman of the Ceylon Rubber Company. In 1912 he agai n had to give up his position, dogged by ill health, and he became Clerk for the Commissioners of Income Tax for Bou rnemouth and New Forest West Division. Jn the First World War he was a captain with his old regiment and saw active service for some time before he was agai n inva lided. With his death the School loses a real and devoted friend.

G. C. VALPY ( 1891 - 96) With the passing of G . C. Valpy on I I th January at ÂˇBrighton, the School has lost a friend whose record both at School and in later li fe will not be easi ly forgotten. George Cordy Valpy was born on lOth M ay, 1877, the son of Rev. J. C. W. Valpy. He entered King's in the Lent Term, 1891, on a Junior Scholarship, which he changed to a senior one in 1893. In 1894 he was a monitor, in the X I and XV and an editor of Th e Camuariau. Jn 1895 he became Captain of School, Captain of Games and President of the Debating Society. A contemporary of his, M. H . Sowerby ( 1891 - 96), writes: " Although he and I entered the School at the same time he was over a year older than 1 was and went straight into the Senior School, whereas L went to the Parrots for my first two terms. H e either joined with a Junio r Scholarship and went straight into the Upper School, or else won it just after joining and so was al ready an Upper School boy when I went over to the Senior School. From then on his rise to the top was meteoric and so he was always far senior to me. What l do remember of him is that I liked him very much, as in fact every single boy in the School did, for he was very good to his juniors with an easy and natural politeness. My chief visual memory of him is as a very hardplaying ruggcr forward, always right up to the ball and particularly noticeable in the line-out, where with his height and his long reach, the ball always seemed to stick in his hands. l-Ie was also, of course, a member of E. M. Toulmin's wonderful Eleven, when the latter was captain for two years and when during that time the King's School did not lose a si ngle school match, besides other glories." In 1896 he left King's with an Open Classical Scholarship to Christ's, Cambridge. There he continued his characteristic of being a top-class all rounder ; he left in 1899 with his B.A . and 2nd Class Classical Tripos, having his Crusaders' Colours and havi ng played in the Freshmen's Cricket M atch, the Seniors' match and for the next XVI '' 1st X II. Jn 1901 he entered the Malayan Civil Service, which he remained in until 1925 when he retired on a pension. In 1927 he became the first Bursar at King's but had to resign after a short period owing to ill health, becoming the Honorary A ssistant Secretary of the O.K.S. A ssociation. He has two grandsons at the School. ROB ERT FEDELE ELLIS (at School Piccinino) ( 1922- 26) R. F. Ellis, who died suddenly in Rio de Janeiro on 27th September, 1956, at the age of 48, was Head of H olme H ouse in 1926 and a member of the I st XV of that year. H e joined the Shell Group in March, 1930 and spent the whole of his career in Brazil. For the past nine years he had held the post of Aviation Manager. A correspondent writes that he did much for the Shell Group's aviation organisation in Brazil and made a signi ficant contribution to its present high reputation there. 158

TH E CANTU ARIA N ROBERT H EN RY KENNERLEY RUMFORD (1884-87) R. 1-l. Kennerley Rumford, who died on 9th March, 1957, at the age of 86, was in the Cricket X L for three seasons, 1885- 87, having gained his Colours in his first summer term , at the age of 14. He originally studied for the Army with Alfred Geidt, O.K.s., at Frankfurt, but relinquished this to take up a musical career as a singer. He served in the R.A.M.C. in France, in command of advanced stores, Northern Area, British Red Cross, from October, 1914, untill91 7, and in the Special Intell igence Department at the War Office from 1917- 18. He was twice Mentioned in Dispatches. He made his first public appearance as a singer at a symphony concert at St. James's Ha ll, London, in February, 1893, after studying with H enschel and Alfred Blume. The Times wrote: " In 1894 he studied with Sbriglia in Paris and subsequent ly in England made his reputation in works of a serious nature. After his marriage to Dame Clara Butt his career changed its course, and he was associated with her in popular concerts of a different kind from those of the old St. James's Hall. The Grand Concerts at the Albert Hall were repeated in tours all over the English-speaking world". JOH N HAROLD FRANKLIN GOODBURN (1939- 45) Those O.K.S. who were taught Science by Mr. Harold Goodburn will wish to offer him and Mâ&#x20AC;˘Âˇs. Good burn (formerly Miss Stella Wills) their deep sympathy in the sudden deat h last Christmas of Mr. Goodburn's only son, John. Jo hn was taken ill without warning o ne evening, operated o n at once and died ten days later without regaining consciousness, at the age of 25. G. C. VALPY It is greatly regretted that, owing to an oversight, no mention is made on the preceding page of what the School really owes to G. C. Valpy. His 0. K.S. son-in-law wrote shortly after the funeral: "He was a great King's Scholar and to the end of his life there was to him one Public School only in the world. His bursarship at King's was short-lived as his health would not stand it. He was heart-broken over this, and, for a ' penance' as he called it, he compiled the only printed School Register. Not until this was complete did he feel that he was again at rig hts with King's. George Valpy would want nothing more than to know his School remembered him."

CORRESPONDENCE 19 Langside Avenue, London, S.W.15. 20th March, 1957. To the Editors o[THE CANTUARIAN. Dear Sirs, I was much interested to read the letter from C. N. Laine and C. B. Strouts in the last Canfllarian about O.K.S. teams and the O.K.S. Association. The views of your correspondents on the first point are clear; and on the more general question of the Association's activities they have been kind enough to let me know their views in greater detail, for which I am most grateful. Both questions will be considered at the April meeting of the Committee of the Association. The teams problem has already been reviewed and details of a revised scheme will be submitted at that meeting for approval. May I add that I hope to find an occasion during one of the less busy weeks of the Summer Term to present myself before K.S. leaving at the end of that term- and also before any other K.S. already interested in the Association though not on the point of leaving- both to impart information about the Associat ion as it is and to receive information as to how K.S. would like it to be! Meantime, if this should catch the eye of any young O.K.S. and he cares to let me have any views he may hold as to the scope and performance of the Association I should be most g ra teful. Yours sincerely, c. N. RYAN, Presidellf, O.K.S. Association, 1956/58.

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THE CANTUARIAN

No.2 Study, To tire Etlitors, ofTu ÂŁ CANTUARIAN. The Grange. Dear Sirs, ln view of a notice given out du ring congregational practice this term, forbidding jazz bands to practice in music school cubicles, I wish to draw attention to certain facts which deem this notice thoroughly unjustified. The notice complained that jazz interfered with the students who were endeavouring to play "serious" music. There have been two excellent art icles in Tire Cantuarian carefully explaining the simple sincerity of American folk-music, and it should now be clear to the toughest die-hards of E uropean a rt that this music is a serious music, a music whose feelings, though unrefined, arc just as deep-rooted as those of Beethoven o r Sibclius. Neither does the sincerity end in the music. Having seen the progress of jazz in the School from its potentially unpromising beginnings two years ago, l have over-whelming evidence of the sincerity of the players. Since then, no less than six bands have grown up a ll over the School, and three conce rts have displayed considerable talent and musicianship. Let us face it, Sirs, this state of a ffairs can no longer be ignored. For many people in the School jazz has provided entertainment, and some even lasting interest. The Parry Hall alone remains a practice room for these people and this is more often than not occupied by the sports clubs. The high standard of music at King's has been consistently demonstrated over the past few years. Could not we now enlarge o ur outlook to include music in the jazz idiom? Yours sincerely, C. H. B AYSTON.

OUR CONTEMPORARIES The Editors acknowledge with thanks the receipt of the following magazines and apologize for any inadvertent omissions:Amplefortlr Journal, Ashdown House Magazine, The BanÂˇovian, Bradfield College Magazine, Tire Bryans/on Saga, Tire Campbellian, Tire Clro/meleian, The Chronicle, The Cranbrookian, The Decanian, T he S t. Edward's School Chronicle, Tire Et/gc Grove Magazine, Tire Epsomian, The Felstedian, The G/enalmond Chronicle, The Gresham, Tire Hai/eyburian and /.S.C. Chronicle, The Hurst-Jolmian, The Impala, The Kent College Magazine, The King's School Magazine, The Lancing College Magazine, The Latymeritm, The Lorellonian, The Mal11emian, Tire Man woodian, Tire Marlowe Chronicle, The Mill Hill Magazine, The Milner Court Chronicle, Tire Ouse/, The Pauline, Tire Radleian, The R eptonian, Tire Roffensian, Tire Stonylrurst Magazine, The S tortfordian, The Su11onlan, Tire Tonbridgian, The Wish S tream , The Worksopian.

FROM THE JUNIOR SCHOOL Congratulations to Mark Stanley-Smith on winning a music scholarship. The Orchestra and Band are both rehearsing hard, the former for a concert on June 14th, the Band for the Rogation Su nday hymns for the Parish Church. The rugger team has shown much promise. Unfortunately Barrie Wooderson's illness robbed us of one of o ur strongest runners. We beat Betteshanger 9-3 and 6-5; beat Westbrook House 8-3 and lost 24-0; and lost to R.M.S. Dover 5- 0 and 3- 6 and to Tormorc 3- 6. The February rains nooded the fields and for three weeks no games at all were possible. The chicken-pox epidemic also made itself felt. But in spite of all th is, there was some most encouraging play. Four plays have been occupying some Saturday even ings with varying degrees of skill, but no lack of enthusiasm. The Scouts and Cubs have been active. The Scouts manoeuvred much timber across the river on an aeria l railway. The Cubs won the District Championship. The willows in the Junio r House garden have been pollarded as they were unsafe in a gale. All the various societies (old and new) have been functioning with much keenness. A lantern lecture on sailing on the Broads btought a nood of applications for such a holiday. Expect to see no t a few there next summer. J.H.E. 160

CONTENTS PAOB

EDITORIAL ... TH E SCHOOL VIRTUTE FUNCTI MORE PATRUM DUCES VALETE SALVETE THIS AND THAT THE VISIT OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH THE QUEEN MOTHER KING'S WEEK, 1957 THE CHORAL CONCERT THE MARRIAG E OF FIGARO .. . TWELFTH N IGHT .. . JUDAS MACCABAEUS ... SERENADE IN TH E CLOISTERS KING'S WEEK-MANSHIP BOOTHING ... ACADEMICAL AND OTHER DISTINCTIONS GAIN ED, 1956- 57 AWARDS AT OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL PRIZES ... SPEECHES IN THE GREAT HALL ... THE COMMEMORATION SERMON, 1957 THE SCHOOL CONCERT WILLIAM HARVEY, M.D., O.K.S. THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CATHEDRAL GLASS CHEKHOV'S LAST PLAYS TH E MUSICAL THOUGHT OF BACH AND HANDEL ... THE OLD ARCHBISHOP'S HALL AGONY IN THE GARDEN WALKING PROSPECTUSES P. G. REYNOLDS ... D. STAINER ... LIFEBOAT TO THE RESCUE HAYMAKING DARKNESS ... HALLUCINATION ON A STORMY DAY ... COME FORWARD TO ROW TH E JAZZ CONCERT CAMBRIDGE LETTER ... BIBLICAL ENGINEERING BOOK REVIEWS THE LIBRARY CHOIR NOTES THE ART, PRINTING AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITIONS THE SOCIETIES Continued overleaf

163 165 166 166 166 167 171 175 176 177 178 180 181 182 183 185 188 189 192 194 198 199 208 211 216 223 223 225 226 226 227 230 230 231 232 233 234 236 237 238 239 240 241

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C.C.F.... CRICKET THE BOAT CLUB TENNIS THE SWIMMING CLUB ... THE SHOOTING CLUB ... GYMNASTICS CLUB OXFORD HOCKEY FESTIVAL ... O.K.S. NEWS ... OBITUARIES ... CORRESPONDENCE OUR CONTEMPORARIES THE JUNIOR SCHOOL ...

244 245 259 262 263 266 267 267 268 272 273 275 275

ILLUSTRATIONS :HER MAJESTY WITH THE HEADMASTER fromispiece SPEECHES IN THE CHAPTER HOUSE 167 IN FRONT OF GRANGE .. . 174 INSPECTING THE GUARD OF HONOUR 174 HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN MOTHER 175 175 HER MAJESTY AND THE HEADMASTER HER MAJESTY AND THE CAPTAIN OF THE SCHOOL ... 175 "DOST THOU THINK, BECAUSE THOU ART VIRTUOUS, THERE SHALL BE NO MORE CAKES AND ALE?" ... 198 WILLIAM HARVEY, FORMERLY ASCRIBED TO CORNELIUS JANSSEN 199 FINALE ... 218 & 219 THE GREAT HALL IS DECLARED OPEN 238 THE GREAT HALL ... 239 262 THE 1sT VIII SEEN FROM HENLEY BRIDGE THE 1ST VIU ... 262 HENLEY: KING'S v WESTMINSTER ... 263

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HER MAJESTY WITH T HE HEADMASTER

[Kent Messenger

THE CANTUARIAN VoL. XXVII No. 3

AUGUST,

1957

EDITORIAL "They go forth into the world with well-developed bodies, fairly developed minds, and undeveloped hearts"

E. M. Forster goes so far as to say that this undeveloped heart is not cold, but only stifled and bottled in. He may mean that while positive encouragement is given at school to such abstractions as poise, the sodal graces, and the onus of responsibility, the heart is left to fend for itself. Th is is a risk one takes when one goes to public school, believing that if the individ ual is in any degree sensitive or impressio nable, the atmosphere cannot but help him. I hold no brief fo r any other school but my own and I cannot answer for the emotional state of anyone but myself, but [ have found that the precincts way of life has a most persuasively mellowing effect on one's attitude towards human behaviour and relationships.

THE CANTUARIAN

We stand at the end of a great year in the School's history, almost unequa1led in work and games, music and drama, which culminated in the opening of the Great Hall by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. But just as the final memories of June J2th are of a gracious lady who charmed us by her simple fri endliness, so one's thoughts on leaving are of people, both boys and masters, and of gratitude to them all, equally, from the inspiration of the most senior, to the loyalty of the youngest member.

Strawberry editorials have become a fashion for the Summer Term, all sweetness and no matter. But they speak, however immaturely, from a full heart ; the same freedom to take advantage of the pleasures of friendship exists for everyone, even for editors. The people unable to come to terms with themselves are those whose feelings are stifled. The final assessment of five years lies in its last few days- sipping iced coffee after the School Concert, struggling into knee breeches for the Commemoration Communion, slipping from Welsh to Irish in the English Speech, being royally entertained to breakfast in jeans and sandals by an Archdeacon, glossing over the best-forgotten details of a farewell party and saying good-bye to the Headmaster in the same breath. It is ari unbridled heart that remains to be thankful for so much happiness.

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164

THE CA NTUARlAN

THE SCHOOL Captain of School: M. E. W. VINCENT, K.S. Head of The School House H. A. BROWN Head of The Grange J. R. FREW Head of Walpole House . . . J. B. C. Balkwill M. E. W. Vincent, K.s. Head of Meister Omers ... Head of Luxmoore House J. A. G. STEWART Head of Galpin's House. .. T. J. C. CHENEVIX-TRENCH, K.S. Head of Linacre House . . . 0. R. F. DAVIES, K.S. Head of Marlowe House.. . R. M. HARVEY, K.S. MONITORS M . E. w. VINCENT, K.S. , 0. R. F. DAVIES, K.S., T. J. c. CHENEVIX-TRENCH, K.S., H. A. BROWN, J. R. FREW, J. A. G. STEWART, P. F. VALPY, A. J. AGNEW, I. c. POTTER, J.P. ROCHE, K.S. , R. M. HARVEY, K.S.

....

HOUSE MONITORS The School House: M.D. DELLER, F. J. GILES, J. C. G. SMITH, K.s., D . J. WILLIAMS, K.s. B. D. FOORD, B. K. JEFFERY, K.S., c. c. w. ADAMS, K.S., H. A. s. The Grange: BANCROFT Walpole House : E. A. J. GARDENER, R. K. HOLT, D. G. )ONES Meister Omers: A. P. G. STANLEY-SMITH, G . A. G. Kmo, K.s., A. P. AYLING, K.S., N. G. BURllRIDGE, P. J. FORD, J. A. TURNER, K.S. Luxmoore House : J. C. L. FooT, K.s., M. P. F. PLUTTE, D. J. EvANS, K.s., D. PARTRIDGE, N. c . ATTWATI:R Galpin's House : R. I. BAKER, K.S., A. J. REDPATH, K.s., M. J. PRICE, K.s. , D. C. C. STEVENSON, K.s., R. BEAUGIE, A. T. WEBB Linacre House: J. P. ROCHE, K.S., M. G. SAYER, K.s., R. B. HORTON, K.s., P. E. I. LILLY, N.J . DREW, 1. A. CAMPBELL, K.S. Marlowe House: P. D . ELVY, J.P. GREEN, K.s., P. A. CAMPBELL, A. A. DUNNING, K.s. Captain of Boats . . . P. F. VALPY Captain of Cricket M. E. W. VINCENT Captain of Swimming G. A. ELCOCK Captain of Squash Rackets J. A. TURNER Captain of Fencing . . . A. B. SAVILE Captain of Tennis... J. A. TURNER Tlze Cantuarian: Editors: THE CAPTAIN or ScHOOL, 0 . R. F. DAVIES, K.S., T. J. C. CHENEVIX-TRENCH, K.s. Sports Editor : J. P. RocHE, K.S. Secretary: H. A. S. BANCROFT 165

THE CANT UARlAN

VIRTUTE FUNCTI MORE PATRUM DUCES A. N. A. BROWNER.-Entcred School, Sept., '52. King's Scholar; Linacre House Monitor; Upper VI; Lance-Corporal, C.C. F.; Open Scholarship to Christ Church, Oxford. D.P. BUCHAN.- Entered School, Sept., '51. Grange House Monitor; Upper VI ; Sergeant, C. C. F.; Hon. Sec. Photographic Society, '56-7. I. S. M c OONALD.- Entered School, Sept., '51. Christina Maso n Scholar; School Monitor; Upper Vl ; Sergeant, C.C.F.; Hon. Sec. Photogra phic Society, '55-6; Open History Scholarship to New College, Oxford. M. R. A. MATI"HEW.- Entered School, Jan., '53 ; Luxmoo re House Monitor; 1st Hockey XI, '56, ' 57; Swimming Colours, '55, ' 56; Cor poral, C.C.F. D. J . MORTIMER.- Entered School, Sept., '52; Linacre House Monitor ; Upper VI; 2nd XI, '56; Open Scholarship in History to St. John's College, Oxford. P. W. N IBLOCK.- Entered School, Sept., '52; Linacre House Monitor ; Upper VI ; 2nd XV; 1st XV, '55, '56 ; Hon. Sec., '56; Sergeant, Artillery Section, C.C.F.; Certificate "B", Parts I and JI. M. R. B. R EAD.- Entered School, Jan ., '52. Walpole House Monitor ; 2nd XI, '54-'56; 2nd Hockey, '55; l st Hockey and Hon. Sec., '56, '57. A. J. D. SMITH.-Entered School, Sept., '51. School House House Monitor; Chief Petty Officer, R.N. Section, C. C. F.; 2nd Rowing Colours, '54-'56; Squash Rackets Colours, '57. A. B. A. STEARS.-Entered School, Sept., '51; Kin g's Scholar; Marlowe House Monitor; Upper VI; State Scholarship. C. M. J. WHITIINGTON.- Entered School, Sept., '52. King's Scholar; School Monitor, Head of Marlowe House; Upper VI; 1st XI, '55, ' 56; 2nd XV, '54, '55; Jst XV, '56 ; 2nd Hockey XJ, '56; Sergeant, C.C.F.; Ford Studentship to Trinity College, Oxford; State Scholarship.

VALETE M. H. Cartwright, M. J. Coram, P. E. Hammond, J. Ricema n, P. S. Skinner.

SALVETE T. L. Â·:sennellick,' J. Bradbury, C. I. W . Charnaud, G. M. Davies, A. R. Douglas-Jones, S. A. Eastwood, A. M. Gregg, /\. J. Imber, M. C. Mallock, P. S. Murch, J. K. Polmear, B. N. Redpath, J. ff. Searight, A. N. Taylor, D. L. M. Thomas, R . M. Watson. 166

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THE CANTUARIAN

THIS AND THAT The Walpole Collection

We are very grateful to Mr. H. E . Bates for presenting to the collection another manuscript of one of his novels, this time of Dear Life.

The Tercentenary of t he death of William Harvey has been widely observed this summer. There was a special Tercentenary Congress, whose Preside nt, Mr. A. Dickson Wright, has very kindly presented to the School a handsome medal struck especiall y for this occasio n a nd an inscribed copy of Louis Chauvois' new large-sca le biography of Willia m Harvey. Tower Publications have also published a useful little booklet on Harvey by Mark Holloway.

The Harvey Tercentenary

We are very grateful to Mr. J. Fayter for givin g to the School a print A Rare Raze of Raze's drawing of Speeches in the Chapter House. Though one of his best known prints of the School (it is reproduced in this issue), copies of it are now ra re, and this one is most welcome. We would also like to thank Mr. S. Boul!on for a splendid photograph of the Cathedral Choir, which is being framed and will hang in the School.

k M rs. J uc es

A memorial window to Mrs. Bethea Forrest Juckes, wife of the former Headmaster of Milner Court, was dedicated in Sturry Church on May 20th by the Bishop of Dover. Dr. Shirley preached the sermon .

"Phileretmos"

The followin g letter was printed in The Cnntuarian of December, 1885:To the Editors ojTHr. CANTUARIAN.

Sirs,- Ca nnot the Stour by any possibilities be utilised for boating purposes? 1 believe the Municipal Corporation (or whatever that au gust body calls itself) cleaned it o ut some time ago. O .K.S. are d istinguishing themselves with the oar both at Oxford and Cambridge. Who knows how much ta lent may not lie d ormant in the School? I am, Sirs, Yours, &c., PHILERETMOS. One wishes that " Phileretmos" could have seen the various photographs that were published on both sides of the Atlantic, of the K.S. Eight! Was this the original germ of the School's rowing? Having used the Great Hall since June 2 1st, proving it in every way, the School would like once again to express its gratitude to Mrs. Prest, for the very fine set of masters' chairs which she presented as a memorial to her husband, Gerald Stanley Prest (O.K.S., 1898-1902) ; and to the Cantuarian Lodge of Freemaso ns, whose elegant clock is a great asset to the Hall. Gifts for the Great Hall

Next term Mr. R. D. H . Roberts succeeds Mr. Sopwith as Housemaster of Galtlin's G a lpin's. which crowned its achievements t his year by winning the Luxmoore T rophy. We are glad to Jea rn that M r. Sopwith is to continue his teaching next year, a nd will be with us in the Precincts. 167

THE C AN TUARIAN

On 8th June a party from the School visited Folkestone to hear lectures William Harvey from distinguished scholars o n William Harvey's life and work, under the chairmanship of Sir Geoffrey Keynes. Professor Rawton, of Cambridge, recorded thal Harvey wo n the Matthew Parker Medical Scholarship, of which the followin g were the particulars:For Able, Learned, Worthy Youths educated in Canterbury and born in K ent. Value: ÂŁ3 Os. 8d. p.a. for 6 years, a nd free Lodging and College tuition. An a rticle on Harvey's life appears elsewhere in this issue. The Chapter House seemed duly small and constricting after a week of prayers in the Grea t Hall, but directly King's Week began, the familiar problems recurred. The polished parquet flooring and the dusty white sto nework proved at first very subduing after the matting a nd plaster of the Chapter H ouse. Then came the hauling up and down of sets, suspended o n a precarious arra ngement of weights and pullies, the ma noeuvrings of the piano and the timpa ni, the " insoluble" problems of seating, lighting, conducting and rehearsing. We were at home. Getting the Feel of it

....

This year the Hockey XI achieved its most impressive performance at the Oxford festival. Of th~ five matches played, Uppingha m, St. Edward's, a nd Whitgift were comfortably beaten, while Rugby and Canford (who won all their matches) defeated us by the odd goal. The individual reports on the games appea r elsewhere. Oxford Hockey Festival

We congratulate the R ev. G. W. H. Lampe on his appointment as Vice-Principal of Birmingham University. He was a n assistant master at King's from 1938-41 befo re becoming Fellow a nd Chaplain of St. Jo hn's College, Oxfo rd, a post he held until his appointment in 1953 to the Chair of Theology in Birmingham U niversity. The Rev. G. W. H. Lampe

On Sunday, June 2nd, a group of singers, consisting of Deller, Polglase, Bayston , Hammersley and Sharp, took part in a concert at Dover Town Concert Hall. The gro up, besides singing at o ur own musical circles, gave a number of small concerts in the Christmas holidays. The two gro ups of madrigals they sang at Dover were given a splendid reception, a nd the attendance was a record one. Whether this was due to their reputa tion or the excellence of the concert the previous week is hard to say.

A Madrigal

The Seven-a-Side Team at last met with some success in the Public Schools' Tournament at Richmond last April. The tea m-Foord, I sbill, Kearin; Rollason, Vincent, Agnew, Turner- played well in the first two rounds to beat Wycliffe and Hurstpierpoint decisively. This took us to the last sixteen, but Rydal proved to be fitter and faster, defeating us by twelve points to three. Holiday Rugger

Those people who were stimulated by Mr. Jo hn Wilson's book Language and the Pursuit of Truth will be delighted to hear he has written another. Before they commit Queen Victoria's famous mistake, however, they should be wa rned that the new publication is called Canoeing Down the Rhone. A review may be found elsewhere. Another Dodgson?

168

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CANTU AR I AN

After the usual anxieties, fort y members of the Upper School stepped ou t of their two coaches, and wondered just what would happen 'next. Our fears were immed iately d ispelled by a most gracious welcome. Self-consciousness very often build s up a formidable barrier between school boy and school girl, but encouraged by an energetic band, an ebullient mistress of ceremonies and delicious food, in a vast hall that led into delightful grounds, the mood was soon captured, and the evening too soon over. The Bcnendcn Dance

We are sorry to say good-bye to a number of masters at the end of this term. Mr. P. G. Reynold s and Mr. D. Stainer are retiring after many years of devo ted service to the School, and an appreciation of a ll they have done here will be fo und elsewhere i n t his issue. Nei t her o f them live fa r away, and we hope they will come and visit us often. M r. P. C. C. Lindesay is leaving to become Headmaster of the new International School at H amburg. Dr. R. H. Dodd has been appointed head of the German Department at the Liverpool I nstitute. Dr. H. Knight will devote himself more fully to theological work, and Mr. R. K. Blumenau is going to Malvern College. All these have played a very full part in the life of the School, and we wish them every happiness in the future.

T he Staff

We have been very fortunate in our visiting preachers this term, who have included the Rev. H . A. Willia ms, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, the Rev. J. H. Edmonds, the Rev. Norman Sykes, Dixie Professor, Cambridge University, the Rev. S. B-R . Poole, the Rev. G . F. Woods, Chaplain of Downing College, Cambridge, the Rev. Canon J . D. Kelly, Princi pal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, and the Rev. D. L. Edwards, Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford.

A University Galaxy

The 1st Xl have had a most successful season, winning ~even of their ma tches, d rawing seven, and losing one- to a very powerful Band of Brothers side. Had th e O.K.S. match not been rained off, the XI might ha ve well beaten the School record of seven wins. Our congratulation s go to M. E. W. Vi ncent, t heir captain, and to L C. Potter, who took his fi ftieth wicket of the season by bowling John Ph illips, the last person to achieve the feat. The seal was set on the season's success when Potter was selected to play for the Kent Second X l against Norfolk at H unstanton on Tuesday, J uly 23rd. T he XI

A Time for Keeping S ilence

Patrick Leigh Fermor, o.K.s., has spent the last year in several monasteries in France, a nd has recently published a book, A Time for Keeping Silence, on his impressions. We congratulate him on the excellent reception th is book has had, and a review will be found elsewhere.

The School is deeply indebted once again to the Archdeacon and Mrs. Mowll for handing over their lovely garden to a horde of carpenters, painters, and actors. The decor, Wedgwood blue, befountained, and flanked by cupolas, was of course the work of Dr. Malcolm Burgess, a nd was both the most magical in effect a nd the most integrated in function that he has ye t designed. lt demonstrated to the ea rly sceptics that slender classical arcading was in perfect keepi ng with its more permanen t E liza bethan backcloth.

The Garden

169

THE C ANTUAR!AN

On Saturday, June 22nd, the Upper Sixth were honoured with the compaoy of Professor R onald Syme, of Brasenose College, Oxford. Professor Syme spoke to us on Tacitus, with a profusion both of references to unfamiliar sources and of apologies for possible misquotation. This bounteous compliment to the breadth of our knowledge caused much amusement-on both sides. Professor Ronald Syme

Ascension Day this year was notewort hy for the revival of the lovely ancient custom of heralding in the day with anthems su ng from the top of Bell Harry. In the still morning air, the voices of our singers rang out clear over the Precincts. For those who missed the occasion because they were still in bed, the performance was repeated from the top of Prior Sellingegate as we crossed the Green Court on the way to Holy Communion. All who heard it must hope that this tradition will not aga in fall into abeyance. Anthems from Bell Harry

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ln 1580, John G ressop, the Headmaster of the School, died and left a total or seven teen debts outstanding to tradesmen in the town. From their size- e.g., 24s. to the butcher, 33s. to a linendraper, 35s. to Dyrkin the shoemaker- it seems evident tha t they are not personal but rather school bills. The most interesting entry is a bill from another shoemaker. At this date Christopher Marlowe was a t the School, a nd there is an entry naming a creditor for 16s. 4d., which is subscribed Reseved by my Jahn Marley so it seems that Christopher's schoolmates were shuffling feet clad in footwear made or repaired by his father. This information is contained in the MS. Consistory Court, Canterbury, Y.3. 18. Christopher Marlowe

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THE VISIT OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH THE QUEEN MOTHER TO OPEN THE GREAT .HALL ON JUNE 12TH A hot Ju ne sun , after ma ny cloudy days; the time-worn stonework of the Precincts a pale and mellow shade in the rich sunlight, and the shadows dark in the trees, on the lawns and on the ruins; the colour and contrast that were everywhere- in the greenness of the grass and the trees, the red and black gowns, the striking black and white of Court dress against the ancient background, and the newness of the cause of all the day's rejoicing- the Hall itself; a ll the Precincts, on the morning of June 12th, breathed an air of expectation, of loveliness a nd of occasion. The Queen Mother arrived in Canterbury at noon, and drove through the town, through the Christ Church Gate, and into the Precincts, in a car bearing her own Sta ndard. Her Majesty was welcomed by the Headmaster at his house, where, with a small and distinguished gathering, she took sherry before lunch. On her way over to the Dining Hall, the Cathedral Choristers lined the path outside the Choir School; and on the Green Court there were presenta tions which included the High Sheriff a nd Mrs. Norman, and some of the School's faithful friend s and Staff. The Queen Mother then went into the dining-hall; the steps and the entrance were lined with many beautiful flowers, and the hall itself was decorated with hydrangeas. Some hundred and seventy were gathered, and as Her Majesty reached her seat a Latin grace was most beautifully sung from the balcony. The singers were M. D. Deller, J. R . Sharp, F. R. Hammersley, J. Polglase and C. H. Bayston; Her Majesty was delighted. The toasts were, "The Queen" , and "The Queen Mother". Lord Hardinge, who proposed the latter, said that in the long and proud history of King's, many famous events had taken place here. None, however, ranked higher than that taking place today. He said, "we have the great honour to welcome Your Majesty, and it is not only the honour of which we care to think, but it is also the great joy that you have brought to the School and all connected with it." There were many present who could remember her previous visit in 1946, in company with the late King George VI. "We all have happy memories of that day, and Your Majesty's continuing interest in the School will be a great encouragement to us." They liked to think of her as a member of "this far-flung fam ily celebrating an event today of significance, not only to the School now, but also to the generations to come here." "We want Your Majesty to know how grateful we are from our hearts for your coming here today, and finding time to honour us in this way. I am sure Your Majesty's visit this day will not be easily forgotten by the King's School." Meanwhile, some two thousand visitors had taken their places in the Palace Court; the School were beneath the main steps. The Queen Mother then came from her pavilion to the Palace Court; she stood for a few seconds framed in the archway, a perfect picture of royal grace and charm, a moment that many will remember as the loveliest of the day. As Her Majesty appeared in the archway, a magnificent fanfare was sounded by the trumpeters from Kneller Hall, who were lining the main steps to the Hall terrace. Colonel 171

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Roberts, the director of music at King's, who was for many years after the war Director of Kneller Hall, conducted the fanfares; these, with the trumpeters and their silver trumpets and bright tabards, added an unforgettable and splendid touch of a lmost medieval pageantry to the day. The Guard of H onour then gave a Royal Salute, and the trumpeters played the National Anthem. The Guard deserve special praise fo r their hard work in train ing, and for their smartness on the day. The three Services were represented, and were under the command of Lieut.-Col. K. A. C. G ross. The Queen Mother, when she had inspected the Guard of H o nou r, ascended the steps to the terrace, w here the Govern ors were already assembled, a nd took her place in the north-east corn er of the terrace. The Cap ta in of School, M. E. W. Vincent, began the ceremony with a finely-delivered speech of welcome. THE CAPTAIN OF SCHOOL'S SPEECH

It is my great privilege today to express the very proud welcome which we of the King's School extend to Your Majesty and the deep pleasure a nd inspiration which your gracious presence gives to us all.

In 1573, one of my predecessors had the honour of greeting Queen Elizabeth I with a Latin Oration at the West Door of the Cathedral. On July llth, 1946, another Captain of School welcomed Your Majesty on the occasion of the presen tation of the Royal Charter to the School by His Majesty George VT; and it is right that we should remember today his words on that occasion: "England has never lost sight of cer tain aims, one of which is education for service". It is with pride that we welcome Your Majesty to the School once more, to see something of its life, to meet its members, as well as to declare this splendid hall open for our use. To aU of us the memory of this day will endure with affectio nate loyalty, an d will be recalled by us all , over and over aga in in H1e long and adventurous years to come. The King's School bears the tradi tio n of " bringing up to godliness and the study of good lea rning" genera tions of boys for some I ,300 years; a nd it is appropriate that we should ask Your Majesty to accept a copy of the recently published History of the varying fortunes of the School throughout the centuries, and of its contribution to the service of Church and Commonwealth.

It wou ld be fitting for me to say that never have t he fortunes of the School stood higher than in late years under the headmastership of Canon Dr. Shirley, to whose energy and inspiration and single-minded devotion we of recent generations owe the fu lness of life which we have enjoyed here. The School has grown in numbers, in extent an d reputation; and this is all symboli sed by the Great Hall, the opening of which is the occasion of the great honour Your Majesty has shown us today. It is an occasion wh ich must inspire us to pray, in the words of Sir Francis Drake, servant to Queen Eli zabeth I , that : "Our present service may take that good effect as God may be glorified ; His Church, Our Queen and coun try preserved: and the enemy of truth vanquished: that we may have continued peace". 172

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Her Majesty replied: THE QUEEN MOTHER'S SPEECH It was on a summer day nearly eleven years ago that I last stood in these lovely grounds,

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sheltered by the great Cathedral, whose name it is your privilege to bear, and heard the King proclaim his wish to grant a Royal Charter to the School in recognition of its long history of distinguished service to Church and State. The scene was very differem then, for the School had had for five long years to leave its ancient home, and in far Cornwall look fo rward to the days when it could return once more. T he honourable scars of war had grievously laid waste your grounds and building. Battered ruins surrounded your courts a nd lawns; the dining hall lay open to the skies. But even then much had been done, and today your School, like the Phoenix, has risen once more beautiful from the flames. I think we may see in tltis a symbol of the vigour and the spirit of this ancient foundation·· whose numbers are steadily rising, whose service to all forms of scholarship and citizensh ip are yearly more conspicuous, and whose equipment reflects the liberality and vision of its Old Boys and many other benefactors. Today we assemble to celebrate a new landmark in the life of the School, the completion of the splendid Great Hall- a name to wltich it is doubly entitled, for near to this place formerly stood the Great HaLL of the Norman and mediaeval Archbishops of Canterbury, and, save for the Cathedral itself, it is the largest building in Canterbury. It unifies the circuit of the School buildings, and if it does not complete them, others which are complementary, such as a new gymnasium and science laboratories, are already promised, the latter through the goodwill of the Industrial Fund for the Advancement of Scientific Education. To them and to a host of generous friends I would like to express, on behalf of all those who have the welfare of the School at heart, a most sincere message of thanks. From this adventure in generosity there will flow, in my belief, the rich reward of generations of King's School boys, equipped in mind and body to play their part in Church and State, industry and commerce, science a nd learning. May you ever be mindful of your School, which for more than 1,300 years has stood in this consecrated place. Kings and Queens of England, Archbishops and Scholars, have crossed and re-crossed these courts for so many years that when you go forth into the larger world you will take with you something of England's history. This is a treasured possession, worthy always to be cherished. The years before you will be full of opportunity : fresh winds are blowing on every side: issues which may deeply affect us all crowd upon a world in which new nations, new values and new techniques daily challenge wisdom and impartiality. Justice and goodwill must guide our progress: service and understanding may bring us to our goal. · To these problems the boys of the King's School, I am sure, will not fail to make their contribution, and to. each of them, I wish them good fortune and true happiness. 173

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Before I formally open the Hall, I would like to make a request to the Headmaster that he may grant a week's extension to the holidays, and I trust that this may give a certain satisfaction to some of my audience this afternoon. And now it gives me great pleasure to declare this Hall open. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Fisher, thanked Her Majesty for her wise, friendly, encouraging and inspiring words, saying that for the Headmaster "this must be a very glorious and a very proud moment indeed". He said that the Captain of School had spoken with a polished oratory such as he himself could not attempt to emulate. He recalled the 1946 visit, saying that on that occasion Queen Elizabeth had stood on the Norman Staircase, the oldest part of the School. Today, she stood on the newest part; and between the two stretched the entire history of this ancient School. They all were happy to remember her great contribution to the life and history of King's, to which she had added so much by opening this great and happy addition to the School. Three tremendous cheers were then given for Her Majesty by the School and visitors, proposed by the Captain of School. As Her Majesty turned to enter the Hall, a final glorious fanfare shattered the air with its fine, brittle notes; and the Cathedral bells pealed out. The Governors, the Architect and Monitors followed Her Majesty in. The building itself seemed to have risen to the occasion, and looked magnificent with the sunlight streaming throt1gh the windows. Her Majesty and those with her, after inspecting the Hall, went out by the south-east door; and here there was another magical moment as they all stopped in wonder at the view as they came thrbugh the door. The sunlight was streaming through the trees and over the ancient stonework of the Palace, the garden of Chillenden Chambers, and the Cathedral itself beyond: casting jewelled shadows everywhere. Passing along, the visitors gathered to the east of the Hall, and stopping to talk to some of the boys who were beneath the main terrace, she then went, with her entourage, into the Grange; and when she asked to see a study, she was shown the Old Grange. In the Mint Yard, the Junior School were waiting upon the Parry steps, and as the Queen Mother approached on her way to the Gym, gave three loud cheers. Once again she stopped to talk with the boys. The new Gym was now to be inspected, and at the door, the General Foreman for the Hall, the Gym and the new Science Classrooms was presented, with the Chief Carpenter and Bricklayer. Having seen the Gym, the procession came through the Green Court Gate and into the Green Court, where the visitors were assembled for tea. Her own Pavilion was in the Baptistry Garden; gay and pleasant, it had broad red and white stripes on the inside walls, and a blue and silver tasselled pelmet above the front wall: Her Majesty's own Standard flew above it, and inside, opposite the entrance and framed with flowers, was a large device of her own crest, which delighted her; and she talked about it with the boy who bad painted it. Then, with thirty boys, chosen to be a cross-section of the School, she had tea for halfan-hour in the pavilion; wh.ile on the Green Court, the great throng of visitors, parents and friends of the School, had tea. At 4. 15, Her Majesty left the Pavilion, and walked to the House of the Archdeacon of Canterbury, where the School had gathered at the gates to give her a great send-off. She 174

IN FRO!'.'T OF GRAi'IGE

Mr. D. BraddeU The Architect is behind

the Queen Mother

[K emish Gaz~lle

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HER MAJESTY AND THE CAPTAlN OF SCHOOL

[Ke~~tish

Gazelle

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went through the Garden of Ch illcnden's Chambers and into the Cloisters; but before leaving the Precincts, she asked to sec, ve ry qu ickly, the windows in the N.W. Transept which were given by the Freemasons of Kent in 1954, and which depict the Royal Family. And so she left Canterbury. She had captivated everyone with her simple royal grace and charm. She made June 12 to be perhaps the most glorious day in the history of this School. I t was a memorable a nd perfect day that had passed without a hitch, and one to whose perfection many thi ngs had contributed: the enthusiasm and joy of the School a nd the Queen Mother's freque nt and easy contact with them; the wea ther and the bea uty of the Precincts; the elegance of court d ress, of the morning dress that so man y of the School wo re, of flowers, and of occasion ; the Kneller Hall trumpeters with their brittle, clea r-so unding call that can never be forgo tten ; the bea utifu l singing of the Grace at luncheon ; not least the fine organisation and the many exhausting hours of pla nnin g a nd a rranging beforehand; these and other thi ngs made June 12th a day that will a lways live for those who were there. And then in the evening, the School came into its new Hall, bringing a gramophone, and music, and as it grew dark, initiated the building into its new life. A perfect day d rew to its close.

KING'S WEEK, 1957 King's Week transpired by early May to be a polite eup hemism fo r fou rteen days, a nd the work involved was considerable. Some four thousand brochures were sent off, some seven thousand seats were sold, and for the Sad lers Wells Opera and the Kin g's School Orchestra the Hall was boo ked out some weeks in advance. There was, moreover, a new feeling a bout the Week. It was no longer a School amusement, designed to occupy people in their last month at School. Even the original excuse for it now no longer applied, as the Advanced Level Certificate had been put back to mid-July. The Week has from this year, with the wonderful acoustics and acco mmodation of the Great Hall, taken o n much more of a fes tival flavour. In time it could work up to a Kent festival of music and drama of a quite considera ble stature. Our own contribution, apart from the openi ng Choral Concert, were little altered-a play, a concert, an oratorio, and a serenade-but they were interspersed with professional performances. The tickets sold surprisingly well, showing that there is a large Canterbury and East Kent audience ready to come and listen to good music. Two difficulties over which we had no control, namely the changeable weather a nd the bus strike, probably reduced the size of our audiences, but the Week was a success-a proof of the magnificent acoustics of the Hall both of music and also, somewha t to our surprise, of the spoken voice. To a ll who have helped and taken part in King's Week go our sincere thanks and congratulatio ns. 175

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THE CHORAL CONCERT

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This programme was an exceedingly va ried one which embraced a very wide ra nge of styles a nd exhibited the skill of several different groups of singers. ft catered for many types of tastes a nd was obviously enjoyed by audience and performers equally. Homage was paid to two customs which are happily dying; that of takin g Movements out of their contexts and that of performing them by ensembles other tha n those envisaged by the composer. It is impertinent but not extravagant to claim however that a well-blended body of boy trebles may sometimes serve a soprano aria better than many a soprano soloist. On the other hand, no number of grand pianofortes could hope even to suggest the instrumental colours demanded by Purcell, Handel a nd Dyson. In spite of the heavy demands made upon the School's musicians at this time, one is bound to say that the music of these composers would have gained enormously in effect if even strin gs a nd drums (the minimum requirement suggested by Dyson) had been employed. An alternative might have been to include the items in question in a programme in which the orchestra was present. Purcell's S oul of the World and Handel's Let the bright seraphim, whilst being straightforward from the point of view of interpretation, are highly exacting in execution and breath control. Armstrong Gibbs' Five Eyes is light and airy. In these works the singers acquitted themselves very well indeed. The interpretation of Elgar's music is a specialised art and although some very pleasing singing was offered, one felt that the mood of text and music was not quite caught. Brahms' Love Song Waltzes were well done and a special word of praise is offered to the tenors and countertenors. Because of the length of the work, certain repeats and one number were omitted. Possibly the exact lilt of this music was not consistently maintained but perhaps this was not to be expected- short of transporting the whole Madrigal Society overseas in order to experience "beer-garden singing" at first hand ! At a ll events the two pianofortes really came into their own. The second half of the programme opened with Sir George Dyson's Fantasia for Chorus and Orchestra In Honour of the City, sung by the Choral Society and Choir. This composer's skill in tone-painting is well-known. Edred Wright and his choirs had obviously taken the greatest pains to impart the necessary colour to the performance and they achieved great precision also. The Glee Club sang from memory, in the manner of the Yale University Glee Club, which visited us some years ago. They gave an enjoyable and refreshing performance in which the cfarity of the words was the most striking fea ture. The most successful of their five pieces was in the writer's opinion Walford D avies' The White Paternoster. The best testimony one can hand to the spirit of all concerned is to say that the Choir ended this most exacting and exhausting programme by giving a performance of Handel's Zadok the Priest, which had as much bite and energy as ever. Mr. Ronald Smith contributed two groups of pianoforte music. The applause which greeted his appearance a nd the ovation which followed his playing of three Studies and the C Shmp Minor Scherzo of Chopin, spoke for themselves. His technique and musicianship held everyone entranced besides making potential pianists wish to rush home and practise! H aving played three works by Liszt, including the Sixth Hungarian Rhapsody, with its rapid octave passages, Mr. Smith was not allowed to go home, but had to resume his seat and play Chopin's Fantasie-Jmpromptu in C sh01p minor. The whole concert was a fitting opening to a fortnight of staggerin g activity.

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THE MARRIAGE OF FIGARO Mozart lived and wrote his music amo ng a class of people to whom money was a mino r concern- this in itself is suggestive. The Marriage of Figaro was originally p erfor med at Vienna in 1786, where t he productio ns inco rporated vast o rchestras, costumes wh ich m ade t he actors ap pear more li ke porcelain m antelpiece decoratio ns tha n flesh a nd blood, a nd immaculate scenery lathered wit h Rococo plas tercasts of trumpets, ribbons and flowers. It thus embodied the most refined qua li ties o f Wa ttea u a nd 18th century a rt. The set which the urgency of the moment compelled us to hire, th ough o bviously done with as great pa ins as intentio ns, was too detailed to satisfy th ose w ho value the aethetic effects o f opera; again, the Sad lers Wells Compa ny could ha rd ly be ex pected to bring down their entire Figaro wa rdro be to Canter bury; thus while the Cou nt's cost ume d id not fall short of the mark, Cherubin o's wig ought to have been a white powdered one in order to gain the required delicacy. Simila rly, on the o ther side of the footlights, there was a general effo rt to cut the cloth according to the coat. Proud as we all a re of o u r new hall, we ca nnot compa re it with the velvet-clad, chandelier-hun g opera houses o f Vienna or Prague. Thus, instead of an orchestra, T o m H ammond a nd Michael Moo res accompa nied the a rtists on two pianos. Many people consider that, like H andel, Mozart- especially with rega rd to his repetitiondoes not come alive unless orchestrated. By their effortless and unobtrusive tea mworkwhich, in its tu rn, cont rib uted to t he air of case and enjoyment which shone th rough t he acting and singing, Mr. H ammond and his colleague proved to us, who are becoming more a nd more enth usiastic a bout the potentia lities of piano duets in the building which shows up mo re o rchest ra l deficiency tha n the Festiva l Hall, th at i n this case a piano duet was no t only adequate, it was correct Bu t whatever was lacki ng in plas ter-cast, vio lins or whi te-powdered wigs was more t han made up by the singing and actin g. Scenery a nd costum es can never be mo re t ha n a backgrou nd to good acting, neither ca n they add much to t he ge neral effect if the act ing is bad. Thus, even if Denis Dowli ng co uld perh aps with adva ntage have been more ebull ient in the part of Figaro and if A n na Pollak was no t completely con vincing as Cherubino, they, together with the whole cast, achieved the polish in their perfo rmance which co nsti tutes the hall-mark of experience and acting ski ll. They a lso taught me that opera requires more all-round talent than E lizabethan madri ga lists could have produced. Fo r it not o nly requires a n outsta nding voice a nd actin g ability, but also an acute sense o f intonatio n a nd a respect for the value of the do tted no te to render Mozart's chro matic passages and refi ned m elodies which are murdered every Sunday by well-mea nin g pa rish choirs. The unaccompan ied pieces were carried o ut with as great a precisio n as I have ever heard ; and by their music mo re than a ll else the cast p ut in to practice two of Mozart's highest ideals- gaiety a nd enjoyment in o ne's own work. I n particula r Ma rion Studholme, in the leading role of Susanna, must be mentioned as quite o utstand ing: her voice, tho ugh 1 had fea red it might be a little too thi n for the building, proved to be just the o pposite; a nd while she hit the to p notes with a brillian t tone, her who le register was governed by perfect Mozartian p recisio n. Anna Pollak, too, has a magnetic stage presence which we enjoy m o re and mo re every time we see her, and her trea tment of some of t he better-known arias was such that the im p ression of her Cheru bino is st ill fresh in our minds. What pleased me most, however, was tha t they succeeded in converting me from Eliza betha n purism to the worship o f the co ntinenta l vi rtuosos, whom L ha ve never been 177

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a ble to appreciate. This in itself is of no importance, but m y conversion was brought about in a manner which endeared the a rtists, not only to myself, but to the whole audience. The production was indeed slick : but that slickness would not have realised Moza rt's tnte ideals if the presentatio n of the opera had not been as delightfully gracious as it was. lt ensured a oneness of the audience with the cast which made up for any Jack of splendour in the house. In this way the Sadlers Wells Company proved that Moza rt can be put on in the grey stone precincts of Canterbury in the same spirit, if not the same material, as in the velvet-hung palaces of continental capita ls, and we hope to see a speedy return of the art which contributes so much to the cause of culture in Canterbury. C.H.B.

•• TWELFTH NIGHT

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If anyone who reads this review ex pects a lite!·ary argument on the interpretation of Shakespeare, he will be disa ppointed. The writer firmly believes that most people who come to see boys act Twelfth Night do not care whether the part o f Oli via, for exa mple, is interpreted in accordance with the lates t demands of some self-appointed Shakespearean commentator, or whether M alvolio's " letter scene" is played in such a nd such a way, or whether this and that line is given its " correct" emphasis (who is to say what is "correct"? The greatest Shakes pea rean scho la rs a re themselves di vided in their o pinio ns) . What they come for is to see fres h versatile actin g, to hear bea utiful poe try we ll spoken , and, in the wides t sense, to be entertained. Judged by these stan dards, Mr. Milner's product ion of Twelfth Night, in the Archdeaco n of Ca nterbury's bea utiful ga rden, deserves high praise. 1t had pace and movement, co herent sequ ence, some good groupin g, a nd the words were nearly all audible- a terribly difficult thin g to achieve out-of-doors. Entra nces and exists were well contrived , though one felt that the set must have been d ifficult in this respect, since it had no centra l access, a nd the platform o n which a good deal of the action in Q]jvia's household took place appeared to be too sma ll for comfort, or indeed for safety! Turning to the actors themselves, one was much impressed by the ba la nce they achieved , and in fact it is quite impossible to select any actor as deserving specia l pra ise above the others-a mos t unusual feature in a school production, a nd an ind icat io n o f the ab undance of talent which this School possesses. It might have been supposed that the art and experience of 0 . R . F. Davies would have made his Sir T oby Belch overshadow and overpower some of the other characters, but, greatly to their credit, F . J. Giles (Sir Andrew Aguecheek), H . W. Goldsmith (Maria) and G. A. G. Kidd (Fabian) played up to him so well that all three emerged as clear and well-defi ned persons in the play. Giles's expressions and mannerisms were delightful, especially when his challenge to Cesa rio was being read out; he was as vain, ignorant, cowardly, a nd fantastic as any Sir Andrew o ne could wish to see. Goldsmith's Maria was full of fun a nd her coquetry was not over-played. Davies filled the part of Sir Toby with a full meas ure of boisterous good-n atured roistering. He did much to keep the act ion of the s ub-plot alive, and his facial ex pressio ns, or as many of them as one was able to see under rather a dark make-up, were pure j oy. 178

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There was much to admire and enj oy in C. H . Baysto n's Feste-gaiety, sincerity, agility, and perhaps most of a ll musicianshi p. His songs were most beautifully sung-especially the sett ings of Come away, death and The ll'illd a11d the rain. [f there is to be a crit icism of his ot herwise excellent performance it is th at the pat hos of the clown was not always evident, especially in the early scene with O li via and Malvo li o, whose harsh j udgement Feste takes so much to heart that he can not resist ta unting the poor steward with a repetition of it when t he tables a re t urned at the end of the play. It seems tha t the art of making a living from being funny has always possessed a tragic element, a nd the sa me is true of m odern times, as we have recently been reminded by Sir Laurence Olivier in The Entertainer. T he Olivia of J. B. Batchelor was fem inine dignity a nd condesce nsion person ified- a rich countess from the top of his well-coiffured head to the point of his elegantly-slip pered toe. But o ne wondered whether the honeysuc kle velvet to nes of his voice p erfectly matched the "distracted speech" which O livia's passion fo r the you th Cesario brought upon her. The performa nce o f J. P. Roche as Malvolio had some excellent mome nts, especia lly in t he " letter scene" where he worked up a nd maintained a splendid climax, as the p rospects of his future "greatness" slowly caught his imagina ti o n. If anything, he appea red as too grotesque a figure in the ea rly scenes, wh ic h detracted from the con trast when he appeared la ter- yellow-s tock inged, cross-gartered , a nd "smiling fa ntas tically". But this may have been partly owing to his make-up, wh ic h was ak in to th at of " Mephistopheles" in Faust, and really made it d ifficult for him to act th e ea rly scenes as a sa ne cha racter. However, it is ha rd to imagine how any boy co uld have played Mal vo lio better. The part o f Viola was mag nificen tl y acted by a yo ung boy, A. W. Pengelly. This must be one of the hardes t characters to act in the pla y, yet he was e ntirely co nvincing; he had a good vo ice, a pleasing presence, excelle nt s tage-sense {he knew how to sta nd still), an d a bove all a na tu ra lness wh ich mad e thea trical gestures a nd tricks superfluous and unn ecessa ry. Here is su rely a boy w ith much promise. !\. J. K. Austin 's Duke improved durin g the wee k and by the end of it much o f his self-co nscio usness had left him and he was able to bring out Orsino's character wh ile submerging his own benea th it. This was a c reditable attem pt. Sebastia n, Vio la's twin bro the r, a nd An tonio , the sen-ca ptain, were competently played by M. E. W. Vincent and P. D. E lvy respectively. O th er parts were very adequately filled by J. R . C. Wright, P. J. Ford, M. R. Jenn er, W . A. T. T. Garel-Jo nes, R . D. Lebish, D. G. O'Ciee, R. B. Ho rto n (a deliciously sa nc timo nious Priest) and A. P. G. Stan leySmith, J. G. Underwood, M. G. Sayer, A. J. Agnew, D. H. B. C hesshyre, P. C. Ament, D. S. C. Ashenden, T. G. Bewley a nd D. C. P. Stedall. There were several featu res o f this p roducti on which helped to e nha nce i t a nd deserve most ho noura ble menti on :- the decor of Malcolm Burgess, which, if perhaps a little functionless, looked prettier and pre ttier as the night wo re on; t he music, a m ost importa nt facto r in this play, whic h was a rra nged by Ed red Wright and ably performed by a number of instrume ntalists, who appea red to react to thei r lord's commands with a good deal more understanding and a lacrity than so me o f them do in real life ; and finally the cost um es, which had clearly been chosen with pe rso nal ca re, both for colour and detail, a nd were looking as fres h at the end of the week as they did at the begin ni ng. It was a production which merits praise fo r a ll co ncerned, but when all is said and done it is the Producer who bears t he greatest bu rden a nd it is to Mr. Milner that our thanks a nd ~ongratu lations are especially directed. J.G.S. 179

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THE CANTUA RIAN

JUDAS MACCABAEUS To serve up a Handel oratorio with a huge choir and a massive o rchestra complete with a "Grand Organ" and a tenor who nearly blows the roof off when he sounds an alarm is a ll wrong. No doubt H andel would have thought the bigger the better. But the first delight of the King's performance was to hear a choir and orchestra that balanced each other, and that proved to be an ideal fit for the size and very good acoustics of the Great H all. (But we hope that on future occasions the choir will not have to sing beneath a kind of canvas baldacchino. It seemed to take a little off the sparkle of the high notes of the trebles.) Handel is grand with a large choir: we a re grateful to have learnt his oratorios that way, just as we were to Sir Henry Wood for introducing us in his own magical way to the Brandenburgs at the old Queen's Hall Promenade Concerts. But that way one loses the clari ty of the partwriting and the precision of attack and the limpid tone which was s uch a marked feature of the King's performance. This is only possible with a smallish and yo ung choi r, and probably can on ly be brought off when you have such an o utstanding firm in charge as that of Roberts and Wright. Looking back over the score after a n interval we remember the charm ing overture with its many en tries of twice six repeated quavers-a big test for any orchestra in a building which shows up every blur and slip. The opening chorus is o ne of the most difficult. The choir conveyed the atmosphere of genuine sadness. They sustained their long moving notes without loss of tone, a nd got their ch romatics and these aw kward arpeggios in time. In the next chorus "their words" really did "weep and their tears speak". The verve of some of the louder choruses was thrilling. The choir rushed on the foe as if they were straining at the leash: and again there was a lovely contrast when they tuned their harps and ran up and down the strings in nicely balanced thirds, though no harp ever invented could sustain a note for six or seven bars as the choir d id. There was a fine build up of the cho ru s when they thought how they were fighting for law, religion, a nd liberty. "Never, never bowing down to wood and stone" could easily have been made to so und ridiculous: but the choir s ucceeded in producing the right effect o f the misery and hopelessness as well as the foo lishness and futility of idolatry. The contrast when th e key chan ged to C major and ni ggling little notes gave way to good solid chords was most dramatic. And that brings us to notice how dramatic the whole o ratorio is. Both choir and soloists sang as if they appreciated tha t they were taking part in a drama as well as singi ng an oratorio. We thought that perhaps there were occasions when the conductor's move (no doubt necessary) from floor to desk just spoilt the dramatic flow of the work. The School could of course produce t he cho rus o f youths to welcome the conquering hero and they so unded like what they were supposed to be. We missed the contrast of the chorus of vi rgins. But then one cannot have everything, even at King's. Lovely peace was even lovelier than ever with its orchestral accom panimen t. A fine performance was enhanced by excellent soloists. Elizabeth Simon (who we u nderstand is Âˇa Kathleen Ferrier scholar) was full y on top of her exacting part, and could we felt have sustained with clarily a nd with something to spare even longer runs than Handel gave her: David G a lliver, fresh from a notable performance in York Minster of very different music, gave the proper heroic ring to "Sound an alarm" as well as to other less well known and more exacting arias: and of course Norman Walker with his 180

T H E CAN TUARIAN

great experience gave us much pleasure in his solos both grave and gay. Of Deller we agree with the Press reporter that he rendered the alto parts with an ease a nd clarity worth y of a good professional. lndeed he might have been his distinguished father, especially when he was "singing seconds" with Miss Simon. We ought not to overlook Mr. Lawrence's competent and musicianly continuo. One asks finally where else could yo u find a school, and where else musicians a nd enthusiasts li ke Col. Roberts and Mr. Wright, to stage a full scale oratorio, besides two choral concerts, not to mention a few mad rigals and glees and chamber music thrown in, in a fortnight? We hope that the obvious pleasure they afforded to their large audiences compensates both choir and orchestra and their conductors and trainers for the grindin g hard wo rk and loss of leisure needed to produce such outstanding results. W.O.L.

SERENADE IN THE CLOISTERS The Madrigal was originally "home music" sung, we are told, in great houses where fami lies of refinement and education lived. The abili ty to read a madrigal when the pa rt books are passed around after supper was presuma bly a natural and necessary part of one's education. It was not un til a century after the true madrigal era had ended that a society was founded to culti va te this particula r style of singing- previously these works were sung at private gatherings and we re not a popular, but rather a bourgeois form of musical art. Few, who have participated in this type of music, will dispute the fact that the madrigal proper with its counterpoint and imitative writing is more enjoyed when sung, than when heard. On the other hand, the Ballad is verse with a repeating da nce-l ike lilt and a " fa-la" refrain, requiring far less concentrated effort on the part of the listener. The King's School Madrigal Society gave a finished performance with well-controlled dynamics- so essential here-and good part singing. The treble line left a little to be desired at times, the tessitura being high fo r the " not so yo ung" treble. lt is not easy to capture the va rying moods req uired by a successio n of madrigals, yet the Society quickly adapted themselves to the different texts and, whether in a doleful or joyous work, there was always that vitality in their singing which contributes so much to its colours. The singing of Wilbye's Stay Corydon deserves special mention, as does On the plains by Weelkes. The period of Cosmography (though now less of a mystery) seemed a strange but none the less an interesting inclusion. Gibbon's The Cries of London is described as a Humorous Fancy in the form of an I n Nomine. The Hon. Roger North in his Memories of Musick (written 1728) says of the in Nomine : " It was only the descanting upon the eight notes with which the syllables (In Nomine Domini) agreed"- the eight notes a re a piece of plainsong from the Trinity Sunday antiphon. Much could be written a bout this branch of folk music yet it must suffice to say that those who heard this performance could not fai l to be entranced by the portrait of days long past. 18J

THE CANTUA RlA N

C hristopher Seaman played two Preludes and Fugues by Bach; the D major fugue being especially well done. His perfo rma nce afforded the listener numerous glimpses of an innate sense of style which, whe n he is able to devote his whole time to m usical study a nd retire tempo ra rily from the exigencies of public performances, will enable him w develop into a fi rst ra te a rtist. The work by Gebauer proved most interesting not o nl y because of the unusual combination of clarinet (B. S. Guard) a nd 'cello (R. F. Lunn), but also because of the amazing f ullness of harmo ny given by t he two part writing-this was a pleasing performance. The Sona/e in F by Co relli lacked li fe, a nd t he cha racteristic style of the i ndividual moveme nts was n ot sufficie ntly marked. No do ubt th e c hilly evening did little to improve the into na tion o f th e flau tists. A group of pa rt songs bro ught this "evening music" to a close. The Blue Bird lost its c harm throu gh having the solo sung by a gro up of voices, whilst G errard Williams' arrangeme nt of The Farmer's Daughters was delightfully s un g. All concerned may rest assured that their effo rts were well worth while- th is was a delightfully pleasant evening.

G.I.

KING'S WEEK-MANSHIP F lat tery ca n seldo m have been more readily lapped up than it was when the Edi tor spoke to me about a n a rticle o n th e subject mentioned above. T o acknowled ge that I was the peer of slacke rs, the acme of idleness and Lhat it was no t a bove my ability to prolong t his for circa a fortnig ht was positively playing down to my van ity. Since the amateurs at this game m ake themselves so pain fully obvious, 1 decided to write a sma ll thesis starting from the beginning a nd co nstructin g !he ldea l King's Weeker in the hope that so me will benefi t. The o bject is, of course, to do no thin g. Befo re the reader sto ps bothering to fulfil his vital fu nctio n, let me expla in that th is is no t as simple as it so und s. To do notlung (and here 1 add ress !he reader who is look ing fo r polish) it is imperative always to have something to do ; but at the sa me time this so me thing must have no more than a platonic relationship with any kind of wo rk- the Stress of Life, etc. Having clea rly grasped his object, the pote ntial K ing's Weeker must now master his me thod o f approach and fina lly the actual technique of his magnum opus. Firstly, it must be definitely decided when schoo l periods are going to be relinqu ished (this decision is not hard for some) and the date must be rigidly adhered to. A set of suitable clothes have to be found; they must not be too out rageous, for th e idler wa nts to be able to ven ture far afield in them and yet must not co nform to a ny recognisable school attire. Jf clean, the wearer must go to the storeroom and judiciously sprin kle paint on them; some think it is a good idea to employ them as the general-purpose study r ag for o ne week before use. The cand idate should also have compiled a list of all those in official positions in King's Week a nd should systema tically vo lun teer to the m for work so mewhere abou t the begin ning of June to enable th em to utlerl y forget to link him with any fo rm of activity in King's Week. Thus the p hysical a nd psychologica l backcloth has been set; co n fidence, a li b[s and personal decor a re provided.

TH E CANTUA RIAN

We now progress a stage further to general rules that must be implicitly obeyed. The emotions to be produced are pity in fellows, awe in fags and credibility in masters. The first two can be bracketed and arc prod uced by lateness into everything accompanied by explanation of a general tragic t heme ("Working o n the set till two", " Been making the money tally"); hair must never be combed, face rarely washed, hands never in pockets and a n air of genera l dejection-through-overwork produced. lf one's wandering takes one near the common room, Hodgson's lla ll or in the town, so me additiona l fortificatio n is needed; in the Precincts a saw or some similar too l with ambig uous associations (i.e., wor k/ assault) ca n be ca rried ; in the town it is best to push o ne of the school ea rls-this is impressive besides helping to level the odds aga inst o ne in a crowded city. It must also be remembered that two is th e safest max imum number and that so methin g (not heavy) must be ca rried , which puts divisio n of forces out o f the question, e.g., ladder, plan k. It is now tha t the questio n of ge neral tactics musl be ap proached and dealt wilh. In genera l, show a lively interest in a ll other peo ple's business to divert atten tion from o ne's own (which must on ly be deal t with under constraint and in the most general and inadeq uate terms). If the student has no thin g speci fic in mind , he would be well advised to spend the mornin g visiting a ll points of interest ; thus the I icket booth, office, set, G reat Hall a nd storeroom would each be included in the tour. This preven ts the one affiiction of idlers- boredom ; a nd if the student i true to type he will now be exhausted. It is recommended th at the next two hours a rc spent in the Cath. Gate ha ving coffee: this is comparatively safe, but if Authority should come in, look faint and weak and mutter something abou t " up till 3 last night" -this, besides being true, has insinuations of both work and no breakfast behind it- but on no account divulge where yo u actua lly were. The afternoon is easily spent- experiment has proved that th e best vehicle is the o rdina ry deck cha ir. The evening sho uld be spent in tranquillity I refresh ment. When the student has got through his day so far he wi ll not need to have advice on how to spend the very early morning o f the next day! Finally, a word to the faint-l1earted: if the term " lessons" a t any time crosses the bra in either by direct thoug ht or indirect associa tion, the affiicted must take to his bed with four aspirins, sending a fag to inform matro n.

BOOTHING One of the most vital occupations which arc undertaken to capture the atmosphere of K ing's Week is "boothing". Such a j o b is yours if you have collected your award during the winter , dawdled your way through "A" Level F rench, and now find the last days of yo ur school career falling away into an abyss. With countless others you are martyred to Kin g's Week. Once established in the booth- a piece of perished canvas six by four, held apart by steel girders, suitably garish to d ivert the busi ness of any rival concern, you are faced with two possibilities. You are aware you will sell nothing till the tourists arrive, the o nly passers-by being ho usewives and local d owagers, the o ne too apprehensive to approach, the other a lready loaded by proxy with the office. You can either watch human nature, until you think it opportune to retire through the gateway on the rig ht for in tellectual nourishment ; or yo u can read Baudelaire (in translatio n) as yo u toss your cherry stones to the pigeo ns.

!83

THE CANTU ARJA N

But you dilemma is never last ing, for yo u are soon engulfed in comrades, who though they give the im pression of fighting fo r the last few tickets for Grin ke, only succeed in afTrighting prospective customers. When they have finally dispersed, and befo re bo redom or the rain sets in , you ring the office on an a pparatus tha t threads a n uncerta in course via lamp-posts and the cloister roof to H odgson's Hal l. It transpires that the General Manager is at that moment accoun ting the difference of one pound five between your cash receipts and your cash. You ring off; coffee is ta ken as the tourists move in. No sooner are you re-established thnn yo u welcome yo ur first customer, who is pointing at Bell Harry. "Do I pay here to get in there?" You resist temptation , are asked for yo ur photo. A school passes in smocks and crocodile; you a re spotted, feel self-conscio us, look ludicrous ; yo u wonder why you bother. There is a rush of activity, people appear from under stones. Your dowagers bra nd ish returned tickets, the to urists swarm. You are overwhelmed, the apparatus buzzes, you ignore it. "If they're not having raised seats, I'm not coming ; last year I heard no thing, saw nothing." "Do they serve tea in the basement of this god-house?" "Twelfth Night? How charmin g! My nephew, you know, he's just go ne over to Holland to produce the Dream." "Not Judy Mac, Homer. It's go t no beat." " It's scandalous that residents aren'tgiven seats for Saturday night." "Where's Grin ke?" "Where's the Great H a ll?" "Is there a school here?" After the storm, the calm. Tourists, schools, bishops, and pigeo ns mingle con tentedly. You sink back, but only for a mo ment before curious guttural so unds ring thro ugh the air. Hastily you remove the p lacard , meticulously scripted " lei on parle fra ncais-B ier wir sprechen Deutsch". You smile disarmingly, he smiles indulgently. You lose your customer. A further lull, before: "Ambitio us program- but your seats, why, they're too cheap". He is clearly an enthusias t, so you em bar k on an eulogy of yo ur school a nd a ncient foundation : then you notice a wry smile. " Yea h, Yeah. I'm a professor of English history a t Yale." Suddenly round the side of the canvas appears a hand- clearly attached to an elderly habitue. With considerable efTort the owner follows . "You know, you boys have taken away our old people's corner. l' ve been sitting there for forty-five years." You pray for rain. It comes. You withdraw.

184

l â&#x20AC;¢

'rilE CANTUA RIAN

ACADEMICAL AND OTHER DlSTINCTIONS GAINED 1956-1957 State Scholarship.

C. C. W. ADAMS G . c. FLL:! CIIER

State Scholarship.

c. P.

McCuRDY

State Scholarship.

Stare Scholarship.

STEA RS

D. C. C. STEVENSON C. M. J. W HITTINGTON

State Scholarship.

A. P.

Open Exhibition in Mathemat ics to Ba lliol College, Ox ford. Open Schola rship in H istory to Christ C hurch, Oxford. Open Scholarship 10 History to Jesus College, Oxford. Open Scholarship in Mathematics and Physics to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Open Scholarship in History to New College, Oxford. Open Exhibitio n Ill History to New College, Oxford. Open Exhibition in C lassics to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Open Ex hibition in C lassics lo Queen's College, Oxford . Open Scholarship in Modern Languages to Ch rist C hurch, Oxfo rd. Open Scholarship in History to St. John's College, Oxford. Ford Studcntsh ip to Trinity College, Oxfo rd. Parker Exhibit io n to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Beaverbrook Scholarship to New Brunswick University, Canada. Vickers Company Scholarship.

Stale Scholarshi p.

AY LI NG

A. N. A.

BROWNER

G. A. G. K.tDo

G. C. I. S.

FLETCHER

M c DONA LD

C. C. W. T.

c. J.

ADAMS

CliENEVIX-TRENCI-1

M.G. SAYER .. .

B. K.

JEFFERY ...

D. J.

MORTIMER

FLETCIIER

N.J.

WHITTINGTON

DREW

R. G.

PATERSON

J. R.

M. HAR VEY

Kitchcncr Scholarship.

l. C. I. Transfer Scholarship.

C II ENEV I X-TREN CII

185

THE CANTUARIAN

B. D. S.

LOCK

C. A . R. HoARE

B. D. S.

LOCK

ALLEN

M. C. H. J.

HOLDERNESS

FRAMPTON

B. H. McCLEERY

P. H. Moss A.

M. HOARE

B. D. A. PHILLIPS

H. L. CLARKE ... A. P. G .

STANLEY-SMITH

M. J. BARRINGER J. C. L. FooT ... A. H . M. HOARE

J. G. W.

NORTON

B. THOMAS

N. c. G. RAFFLE R. H. c. SYMON

Scholar of Magdalen College, Oxford, Lord Just ice Holker Scholarship to Gray's Inn, London. Scholar of Merton College, Oxford; 2nd Class Honours in Literae Humaniores. Scholar of Magdalen College, Oxford, 2nd Class Honours in Jurisprudence and in Common Law. Magda len College, Oxford; 2nd Class Honours in Classical Moderations. Scholar of Gonvillc a nd Caius College, Cambridge, 2nd Class Honours, D ivision 2, Natural Sciences Tripos, Part II. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 2nd Class Honours, Division l , Modern and Mediaeval Languages Tripos, Part II. St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, 2nd Class Honours, Division 2, Modern and Â· Mediaeval Languages Tripos, Part II. Exhibitioner of Clare College, Cambridge, 2nd Class Honours, Division 1, History Tripos, Part I. Trinity College, Oxford, 2nd Class Honours in Mathematics. Pembroke College, Cambridge; 2nd Class Honours, Mechanical Sciences Tripos, Part J. Cadetship, Royal Mi litary Academy, Sandhurst. Cadelship, Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. Cadetship, R.J\.F. College, Cranwell. Cadetship, Royal Navy. Trinity College, Oxford, awarded Rugby Blue. Brasenose College, Oxford, awarded Boxing Blue. Trinity College, Oxford; University Trial Eights Cap. England Possibles XV,,Tria l Cap. 2nd Lieutenant, Somerset Light Infantry, Mentioned in Despatches (Malaya). 186

Â·'

THE CANTUARIAN W. D. C. WIGGINS

P. H. G.

Awarded O.B.E. Created C.M.G. D.S.O., M.C., Royal Ulster Rifles. Awarded 2nd Bar to D.S.O., for gallantry and distinguished service in Cyprus. Archaeological Essay Prize, awarded by Oxford University. Prize and Challenge Shield, South-Eastern Division, R.N.L.l. National Essay Competition. Kent Schoolboys' Foil Championship. National Youth Orchestra. National Youth Orchestra. National Youth Orchestra. National Youth Orchestra. Pass, Grade VII (Clarinet) Associated Board's Examination. Pass, Grade VII ('Cello) Associated Board's Examination. Distinction, Grade VIII (Piano) Associated Board's Examination. Open 'Cello Class and Kent Federation of Industries Cup for Best Individual Performance, Kent Music Festival. Junior Orchestra Cup, Kent Music Festival. Cantua r Cup for Sight-reading, Kent Music Festival.

ScoTT

LT.-COL. H. E. N. BREDIN

I. A. CAMPBELL

M. HADFIELD ...

A. B. SAVILE R. F. LUNN

G. W. LANE J. POLGLASE C. B . SEAMAN B.S. GUARD

PoLGLASE

C. B. SEAMAN ...

R. F . LUNN

2ND ORCHESTRA

P. J.

SOAR

FRASER-NEAME TROPHY, KENT MUSIC FESTIVAL.

PRESENT HOLDERS OF EXHIBITIONS C. H. McCleery, St. Thomas's Hospital. D . H. W. Kelly, St. Thomas's Hospital. A. P. Marks, St. Bartholomew's Hospital. M. C. Patterson, Middlesex Hospital. J. A. Rowe, Christ Church, Oxford. K. D. Agnew, Jesus College, Cambridge. A. J. Briggs, Pembroke College, Cambridge. D . D. Jevons, St. Edmund Hall, Oxford.

CRAWFORD EXHIBITIONS LEATHERSELLERS' EXHIBITION EDMUND DAVIS EXHIBITION STANHOPE ExmBITION BUNCE EXHIBITIONS

...

187

'ji l

I , II"

THE CANTU ARIA N

ELECTED JUNE, 1957 M. E. W. Vincent, K.s. RosE GIFr AND GILBERT GIFT T. C. J. Chenevix-Trench, K.s. STANHOPE GIFT AND SHEPHERD GIFT O .K.S. GIFT ... 0. R. F. Davies, K.S . ANDERSON WAR MEMORIAL GIFT J. C. L. Foot, K.s., Cadet, Royal Navy.

...

AWARDS AT OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE We reprint the following from The Times Educational Supplement o f July J 2th, I 957:OPEN AWARDS

Oxford

s. Manchester G.S. Dulwich St. Paul's Christ's Hospital Rugby Bristol G.S .... D ownside ... Winchester .. . K.E. VII, Sheffield ... Ampleforth ... Marlborough U.C.S., Hampstead City of London King's, Canterbury ... Latymer (Upper) Bradford G.S. Charterhouse Clifton King Edward's, Birmingham Kingswood ... Newcastle R.G.S. Shrewsbury ... Eton ... H a rrow Highgate K.C.S., Wimbledon Nottingha m H.S. Ton bridge Wellin~ton

6 6 7 5 5 7 3 2

5 5 1 1

5 5

6 4 1 6 2 5 4 4 3 3 1

1 4 2

1 l

Total

5 10 5 I 9 3 1 5 3 2

11 7 5 4

28 2,7 I8 I6 16 I5 I4 12 12 11 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 9

5 7 2 1 2 3 4

3 4 I 4

1 1 2

5 1 4 2 2 3 1

2 I

1 1 3

Oxford

6 3 1 3

RESTRICTED AWARDS

Cambridge

3 2 2 3

6 I I 1 4 3 2

4 2 4 I 5 3 3

2 3 4 1

2 2 3

8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

3 1

2 5 I

Cambridge

2 I 1

1 2

All

E. Awards 32 27 19 16 16 18 14 19 14 I2 11 11 10 12 10 13 12 10 8 8 8 8 7 11 7 7 7 7

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THE

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SCHOLARS ELECTED 1957 SENIOR

Kn-:G's

ScHOLARS

J. A. Colligan

M. J . A. Simpson KINO'S SCHOLARS

M. J. G. Yearwood G. S. Doust M. J. G. Robiettc H. E. V. Swan n R. A. Arthur M. M.G. Stanley-Smith

C. E. Maloney C. K. Morgan R. K. B. Halsey R. J. A. C. Laurie J. S. Barrett

J. T. Roberts R. St. J. Stevens H. J. W. Pidoux S. P. B. Durnford R. L. R. Hardie

LORD MILNER MEMORIAL SCHOLAR

A. D. Stewart MUSIC SCHOLARS

T. H. Bennellick A. G. Wickens

J. Bradbury J. K. Polmear

M. M. G. Stanley-Smith R. J. Morris

GRBA ves ScHOLARS

W. L. Holt

C. Lawrence EXHJBlTIONERS

J. A. Mackie

J. H . Penhallow

B. J. M. Ensor

SCHOOL PRIZES Captain's Prize (Mitchinson) Lady Davidson Prize Headmaster's Prizes Classical (Broughton) Greek Prose (Dean Farrar) Latin Prose (Horsley)

Upper School: Middle School: Upper School: Middle School:

.. .

Natural Science (Mitchinson) Modern Languages (Mitchinson) (Scratton) ... Reading and Elocution (Harvey Boys)

... Upper School: ... Middle School: Senior: Junior : 189

M. E. W. Vincent M. E. W. Vincent C. H. Bayston A. W. Budgen M.G. Sayer A. J. Redpath R. K. B. Halsey J. P. Roche R. K. B. Halsey H. A. Brown B. K. Jeffery R. K. B. Halsey 0. R. F . D avies J. I. R. Thompson

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Latin Verse (Biore) Greek Verse Music (Ryley)

Senior: Junior:

Music (Courtney) Natural History ... King's School, Parramatta, Prizes

Upper School: Middle School :

History (Stanley) .. . (Everitt) .. . English (Evans) .. . Photography (Gough) Drawing Prizes .. .

Open: Lower School:

Divinity Prize (Broughton) Prize for the Harvey Society (Biore) Prize for the Marlowe Society (Streatfeild) Merton College Prizes: History Mathematics and Science ... Musical Appreciation (Alan Baker) Gift for Physics and Chemistry (Oliver Johnson) History (H. V. Crawford) ... Upper School: Middle School: Lower School: History (John Crawford) . .. Upper School: Middle School: Lower School: Archreology Prize (Geoffrey Wells) Senior

Cathedral Prize (Miss Dorothy Mills)

Junior Architectural Essay Prizes (Dawbam) R.N.L.I. Essay Prize, S.E.

M . J. Price M. J. Price B. S. Guard S. R. G. Carrington G. W. Lane M. J. A. Simpson G. A. G. Kidd R. C. Brown J. G. Underwood J. R. C. Wright R. K. Wood man A. T. Webb T. C. J. Chcnevix-Trench W. J. B. Bury W. A. Hodges R. I. Baker 0. R . F. Davies

En~ land

Latin Prizes: Upper School Middle School Lower School

I. S. McDonald A. P. Ayling R. I. Baker

G. C. Fletcher 0. R. F. Davies J. E. T. Wilding M. A. L. Batchelor I. S. McDonald H. J. Ricketts M. A. L. Batchelor C. C. W. Adams T. C. J . Chenevix-Trench F. A. Rockley J. A. G. Man N.J. Davies T. C. J. Chenevix-Trench G. A. G. Kidd M. Hadfield

C. M. J. Whittington P. W. F. Browne S. R. G. Carrington 190

...

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Greek Prizes: Upper School Middle School Lower School

j J

C. M. J. Whittington A. G. S. Douglas J. P . Daniell

Mathematics Prizes (Harrison): Upper School Middle School Lower School

G. C. Fletcher J. A. Colligan A . C. Parsons

Modern La nguages Prizes ( Greares): Upper School: French German Middle School: French

F. D. A. Maplcthorp J. A. Turner R. J. Martin N. H. Li vingston F. J. D . Lam bert M. P. F. Plu tte A . Barslay S. R. G. Carrington

German Lower School: French German

,..

Science Prizes: Upper School: Physics Chemistry Biology ... Middle School : Physics and Chemistry Biology .. . Lower School : Physics .. . Chemistry

G. C. F letcher C. P. M cCurdy P. J. S. Furneaux F. A. Rockley M. J. A. Simpson A. R. Maybury J. G. P. Rivett D . C. M. Stiles P . Lea

Biology English : Upper School Middle School (Galpin) Lower School

M. B. Chester M. J. A. Simpson M.D. Young

History: Upper School Middle School (Gordon )

C. C. W. Adams J. A. Colligan J. R. C .,Wright A.~W. Pengelly

Lower School

191

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Form Prizes: Science Upper VA Science Upper Vn Arts VA Arts Vn Arts Vc Middle V Science VA Science Vn Science Vc Arts Remove A Arts Remove B Science Remove A .. . Science Remove B .. . Arts Shell A Arts Shell B Arts Shell C Science Shell A Science Shell B

R. H . Brownjng P. F. S. Blunt C. A. M. Parrish D. R. L. Evans H. Langridge B. A. Isbill M. R . Ayling R. C. Brown W. E. G. Housden A. C. Parsons R . P. Cawthorne W. L. Holt C. M. Price J. P. D a niell T. E. Cole A.M . D . S. McClelland J. R. Palmer C. E. Cole

SPEECHES IN THE GREAT HALL Speech day this year was a memorable and happy occasion. Speeches were held for the t:rst time in The Grea t Hall which proved an ideal setting and was packed with some 1,200 parents a nd visitors. The Archbishop of Canterbury was in the chair and was warmly welcomed by the Headmaster on beha lf of the School and those present. After a short opening speech, His Grace read the list of Academical achievements for the past year. 192

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i he Speeches themselves were probably the best chosen and the most entertaining IOâ&#x20AC;˘ some years. The Greek Speech was the first half of Theocritus' fifteenth Idyll, in which the Syracusian women Gorgo and Praxinoa gossip and prattle at the latter's house. Praxinoa was excellently acted by J. P. Roche, whose acting and inflexions of voice made the Speech all but intelligible even to those to whom Greek is a mystery; M. G. Sayer was a suitable G orgo, and they made a n excellent pair. Gorgo at first complains of her husband, which makes her child Zopyrion (L E. Cole) scream so that his babysitter (1. A. Campbell) has forcibly to remove him. The two women then chatter about their husbands' bad shopping. The time comes for them to wash and dress for the festival of Adonis; a nd the slave Eunoa (A. W. Budgen) caused great amusement by bringing on a n enamel bowl, a large box of detergent soap, and an elegant orange parasol. The polire stranger who, in the pressing crowd, tore P raxinoa's new cloak, was T. Chenevix-Trench; the old woman who passes them in the crowd was W. A. Hodges. R. N. Harvey was the rude stranger who, hearing them arrogantly declai ming prophetic verses, tells them bluntly to shut up; he is finally driven off the stage by an infuriated G orgo and Praxinoa. Very little of the Greek was lost in the action, and the principals spoke (in the "modern pronunciation") with clarity and rhythm. The French Speech this year consisted of scenes from Moliere'sLeBourgeois Gentilhomme, a well-worn piece guaranteed, however, to arouse any audience's laugliter. G. W. Lane!s singing and viola-playing was an unusual and effective touch, as was the impromptu chase at the end down the whole length of the Great H all. The actors' pronunciation was by no means perfect, but they amply compensated for tlus by audibility and by an abundance of good clowning, in which J. A. G. Stewart, as M. Jourdain, must be particularly mentioned. The English Speech consisted of well chosen scenes from Dylan Thomas' Under Milk Wood. From the beginning, the two Voices (M. E. W. Vincent a nd J. P . Roche) set the tone of the piece, speaking clearly and beautifully, and never losing sight of the poetry of words a nd the underlying, naive seriousness of the play, in spite of the many laughs and amusing scenes. After the appearance of Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard (T. Chenevix-Trench) with her two husba nds (0. R. F. Davies and T. J~rdine-Brown) ghostly on either side, the Reverend Eli Jenkins (J. I. R. Thompson) recites his poem, his daily morni ng service, with delightful simplicity and conviction . P. C. C herry Owen (P. F. Valpy), ox-broad, stamps down to the sea to make sure that it is still there; and Mr. Pugh (J. A. G. Stewart) takes up her tea to Mrs. Pugh (P. A. Campbell). Willy Nilly, the postman (0. R. F. D avies), comes knocking at the house doors, and delivers the mail-and its contents- to the townspeople. Then we see Mrs. Organ-Morgan (M. D. Deller) in her shop with four village, gossipping women, and Organ-Morgan himself (C. H. Bayston). Mrs. Pugh and Mr. Pugh sit at ta ble : Mrs. Pugh, sweet as a razor's edge, Mr. Pugh, menta lly poisoning, ducking her in soup between mouthfuls. Dai Bread (T. JardineBrown) hurries by- " Ping ! 0 there goes a button"- and finally Sinbad (P. F. Valpy), hunched up, hands in pockets, makes for the pub, gruffly orders " Too much", which is hardly audible through the laughter. So, Llaregyb fast asleep, the first voice brings the day to its close. It was a good performance that went quickly a nd smoothly without a weak spot ; the Welsh accent came over lightly and effectively, causing many surprised and admiring comments. It was a superb speech, and everyone greatly enjoyed it. 193

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THE COMMEMORATION SERMON, 1957 BY THE REV. D . L. EDWARDS, O.K.S., Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford St. Mark x, 21: "And Jesus looking upon him loved him, and said unto him, One thing thou lackest; go, sell whatsoever thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow me." A young man at the end of his schooldays at Canterbury ought to have known what it is to be face to face with Jesus Christ. It was precisely for this purpose that St. Augustine, the Apostle to the E nglish, began the Canterbury tradition of education thirteen and a half centuries ago. The Christ whom St. Augustine preached was a remote and lordly Christ, different in some ways from the brother Christ of more recent religion; but at the end of all the pomp of the worship and all the mystery of the doctrine the Christ whom St. Augustine preached was still human as well as divine, historic as well as eternal, and we know that the Anglo-Saxons and the men and women of the Middle Ages were attracted most by the human Christ, the Christ of Christmas, Good Friday and Easter, just as we are. T he boys whom St. Augustine gathered were no doubt severely disciplined; their education was no doubt regarded mainly as a matter of remembering facts and acquiring skills with no nonsense; and the same cold, formal attitude to educatiOn remained for many centuries. Yet at the end of all the services, and the Latin grammar, and the beatings, these boys were still human, with blood in their veins and their own thoughts in their heads; and we may confidently guess that, as is the case with us, what they remembered after their schooling was not Latin grammar but a collection of people, and over this very human company the person of Cltrist himself-high through the storms like the central tower of this Cathedral, austere and enduring like the early architecture in it, intimate like the coloured glass, and welcoming and soaring and gay like the Nave which was built for the delight of the Canterbury pilgrims. An encounter between Jesus Christ and English boys was the heart of the Canterbury school of the past. Surely this is still the heart of our present school-as I can testify to that from the experience of fifteen. years. One can imagine a King's School where science had come to dominate the curriculum as Latin and Greek once did . One can imagine a King's School whose boys had been. drawn from all classes in the nation. One can imagine a King's School with different arrangements for its religious life. These would be immense changes, but they could come, and one does not think the King's School doomed because these, or other, very great changes are in the long run bound to come. But one cannot imagine a King's School whose religion was science, whose sole p urpose was to produce scholars or athletes or businessmen and bureaucrats for the modern state, whose constitution was so arranged that there was no room for worship and it was impossible to speak about the sin of man and tbe salvation accomplished by Christ. The Canterbury tradition of education would end if it were to cease to be a gathering of young lives in order that they may meet the Master. What does the Master say to the boys and men gathered around him? First, he is himself the model and the teacher of Christian manhood. He- and not just the convention of the society in which we happen to Jive-teaches us to be clean and honest and so forth. He-and not just the person who happens to have authority over us for the moment- insists that no part of us shall be dirty or deceitful. Once in Palestine 194

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a young man came to Jesus Christ and asked him, "Good Master, what must I do to inherit eternal life?" He was a rich young man. He had inherited many things. He wanted to inherit something more. And Jesus answered with two remarks. First he asked, "Why do you call me good? No one is good except God." It is a remark which instantly checks empty talk. It implies that the young man must decide for himself whether he really thinks that Jesus is good, and if so why; it forces the young man into a deeper meeting than he had bargained for- a meeting which ought to end with the affirmation, " Thou art the King of Glory, Thou art the everlasting Son of the Father." Secondly, Jesus said something designed to force a deeper understanding of morality as well as of religion . He said, "You know the ten comma ndments- do not kill, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not lie, do not cheat, respect your father a nd mother." Tt is an answer which at first sight is profoundly disappointing, a nd it seems probable from the story in the Gospels that the young man was impa tient at hearin g such a platitude. But the answer of Jesus Christ to that young man kneeling there in the road was necessary, and is still worth thinking abou t ; for the old commandments a re still part of the Christian character- they are not displaced by something entirely novel and exotic. "Do not kill ." That involves thinking of some pleasure higher than "teaching the wogs a lesson". " Do not commit adultery." That involves a life with a better purpose than the gratification of lust; it involves making one's body a limb of the body of Christ. "Do not steal." That involves working for one's living, and not relying enti rely on one's parents or school, one's grant or expense account, the welfare state or the customers who won't notice. " Do not lie." That involves a complete integrity in thought and speech-a thing not easy in our age when the machines of commercial, political and religious propaganda blare night and day. "Do not cheat"-that involves complete honesty about oneself-a thing always almost impossible. " Respect your father and mother." That involves reverence for family life and for all that is good in the past generally, at a time when the family is being broken and the beauty and loyalty of the past discarded like a cigarette end in a railway station cup of tea. Here, commended to that young man centuries ago and to us this morning, are the public school virtues, and also certain virtues for which the public schools have not been conspicuous. Surely this moral challenge of Christ brings condemnation to some boys and men. In the presence of C hrist, we condemn ourselves. On a Speech Day, or at any other anniversa ry, we pray that our past may not be remembered and that we ourselves may leave it behind . Well, if you are in this category, remember, if you like, nothing about your past save that it has brought you to kneel before Christ saying, "What must I do?"but remember what has been proved by millions; remember that the very Christ in whose presence you condemn yourself is the Christ in whose power you rise. It is the way with the Bible that, just when we think that we know what it has to say, it comes out with something too lifelike to be stale. In the story of the Gospels, the young man who has been reminded by Jesus Christ of the old commandments says, "Master, all these commands have I obeyed from my childhood." He looks Jesus Christ in the face, and honestly thinks thac there is nothing of which he need repent. He is not a murderer or an adulterer or a thief or a liar or a cheat; his respects his parents or his masters; he says his prayers and does his duties; he has done everything that has been expected of him. The young man is utterly serious in all this; and yet, also in his solemn way, he knows that he Jacks something. He certa inly believes in God ; but he is not sure that he has that da ily, hourly communion with God that he imagines some people have. lie has

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not the assurance that he imagines real saints have that he is going to heaven. He has "religious difficulties". So he is in a considerable state, kneeling there, trying to find words for what to him is an uniquely important distress. Surely here is a portrait which may very well serve you as a mirror; or, if you are so nice that you pay no attention to mirrors, here is something which your parents and friends will recognise as a reasonably accu rate sketch of you. It is a great mistake to think that, coming to Jesus Christ, you must always confess to dramatic sins, and stay grovelling in the dust. A confession of sins needs above all else to be honest. It may not be honest for you to say that you feel penitent for everything. Of some things you may be justly proud. H ere in Canterbury you have much cause for proud thanksgiving, to the God Who has made this unrivalled loveliness and has added to it all the riches of knowledge and the arts, a nd beauty and stability of character ; and when you leave Canterbury, you will find you rself an adult member of a nation still truly great. You ought to tha nk God out of your strength. You ought to add a prayer that th is heritage, which was not built in a day, will be maintained. And yo u ought to add a tha nksgiving that it is part of the strength of Canterbury and of England that complete arrogance, complete self-sufficiency, is considered not qui te the thing. "And Jesus, looking upon him, loved him." The attitude of Jesus has not changed. " And Jesus, looking upon him, loved him, and said to him, You need one thing; go, sell all you have and give to the poor, and you will be rewarded in heaven; and come, follow me." If the young man's comment on the commandments has been surprising, if the affection going out from Jesus Christ although the young man is a bit of a n ass has been surprising, this brutal fres h commandment is really astounding. Here is no sympath y. This is a cruel challenge. Here is no advice. This is an uncompromising order. Here is no instruction to do one's best where one is. This single sentence is designed to cause a revolution in the young man's entire life. It demands the sacrifice of all his propertyand of all his peace, for the young man is told to follow he knows not whither. And in pronouncing this judgment, Jesus Christ begins by pointing out that in no other way can the young man's need be met. We cannot wonder that, if the young man has been surprised and- disappointed at Jesus quoting the old ten commandments, he is staggered and dismayed by this one new commandment. We read: "But his countenance fell at rhe saying and he went away sorrowful; for he had great possessions." Why does Jesus say this? Not because no one with private property can attempt to obey him-some disciples in the Gospels keep at least part of their possessions. N ot because no one who stays at home can attempt to obey him- Jesus visits and blesses homes in Gospels. The reason surely is that the young man suffers from the disease of self-centredness. "Good Master, what must I do to inherit eternal life? Master, all these commandments have I observed from my childhood." H e is one of those who make religion sound, in the phrase of Bernard Shaw, very like fire insurance. This disease cannot in the young man's case be cured without the destruction of all that has supported his self-centredness. Only so can he be liberated to follow Jesus Christ and become the man God wants him to be. And no one to-day can be sure that his own self-centredness will not demand a surgical operation as fierce. To-day, what is Jesus Christ saying to you? 196

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1. A baby is exclusively concerned to satisfy its own desires. Sometimes this is changed as the baby grows up in a family, but a boy when he comes to a public school is usually rather full of himself-full either of his own importance or of his own fears. At school he learns to co-operate with others, to learn from others, to trust others, to rely on others, so that he is no longer shut in the prison of himself. Surely to-day Jesus Christ is demanding of you a fuller givi ng of yourself, so that you may be more fully freed. 2. A young man leaves a public school again rather full of his ambitions or his worries. Surely to-day Jesus Christ asks you to throw yourself into the service of people different from yourself; into the love of them; into causes greater than your own self-interest; into the full-time service in Church or State of the God whose service is perfect freedom. 3. The public school class is often proud of its dear old chapels and of its schools' success in producing medieval bishops, and people who wrote theological books some time ago, and suchlike. Surely to-day Jesus Christ asks you to give your life to the support and renewal of his whole Church as it exists now, including your parish church, however unattractive that may be. If Jesus Christ had not given his life to unattractive Christians, he would never have given his life to you. Your parish church needs you, and if you are to listen to Jesus Christ you need it. 4. The public school class is often full of a sense that it is the elite in the nation. Surely to-day Jesus Christ asks you to earn any good reputation you r class may have by solid, down-to-earth service to the community. Surely there is in the Gospels a terrible warning against snobbery. Surely Jesus Christ to-day warns the public school class that if it does not soon lose most of its class conscio usness it will pay a quick and complete penalty. 5. The England to which the public schools contribute so much is just at present acutely self-conscious. Having given or promised freedom to the peoples of its Empire, having been eclipsed by other states in the political and economic leadership of the world, Great Britain is to-day in search of its future. Surely to-day Jesus Christ calls us as citizens of Great Britain out of this period of neurotic self-praise and self-criticism into the building of a Commonwealth and a Europe and a world enjoying health and education, enjoying freedom and dignity for all and harmony between classes, nations and races, enjoying together the wealth which God has put into his earth. Surely to-day Jesus Christ says to you, whatever your precise problem, essentially what he said to the young man in the Gospels who needed to be taken out of himself. And surely here in Canterbury we have one of the very best places in the world for saying to Jesus Christ, "Whatever the cost, good Master, we want to follow you."

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197

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THE SCHOOL CONCERT SUNDAY, 28TH JULY, 1957 The culmination of a fortnight's activities has for the past few years been the concert held in the Cathedral Nave. This growing tradition was maintained this year, though the venue was changed and the orchestra under Colonel Roberts played in the Great Hall. The programme for a school orchestra was ambitious, containing two concertos and Beethoven's Fifth Symphony which would have taxed the resources of any orchestra; the School has, however, a reputation to maintain for the excellence and courage of its past performances ; and the King's School Orchestra has long since advanced beyond the pastures where sheep may safely graze. The concert opened with the Alla Marcia from the Suite Karelia, which is Sibelius in his most contented mood. Some of the strings strayed a little from the beaten track while the woodwind achieved the correct measure of rusticity which in the subsequent works they were disinclined to relinquish. Nevertheless it made an attractive overture. The Holst St. Paul's Suite was an appropriate choice. Written in 1913 when Holst was experimenting with the new sound-proof music room at St. Paul's, Hammersmith, it was an ideal test for the new Hall's acoustics. By comparison with t he Chapter House and the Nave, the Hall seems to have a greater purity of sound and individual instruments come across with a startling clarity rising above the rest of the orchestra. This means that every wrong note is clearly audible, but the advantages of the Hall, musically, are considerable, as it will encourage a sense of cohesion and continuity in the orchestra and attempts to avoid a mechanical approach to the music. The strings were in the Holst at their lightest; Salmon's solo in the Intermezzo was conunendable, and the final conflict between the 6/8 of Dargason and the 3/4 of Greensleeves was nicely balanced without either of the threads being lost in a slough of sound. Ronald Smith's performance of the Rachmaninov Second Piano Concerto was truly virtuoso and raised to a pitch of excitement seldom experienced even with this, the most popular and lyrical of all piano concertos. The Third Concerto may seem infinitely more complex in its development of the single theme, and Rachmaninov gives no more than a hint of his talent for va riation, yet the Second Concerto has all the melodic joy of Chopin coupled with the pyrotechnics of Liszt and yet it is unmistakably Russian. The orchestra, whose part is almost a guttural pronunciation of the word Russian, backed the brilliance of the soloist with considerable competence which exceeded that of their predecessors when this concerto was performed at the first concert in the Cathedral Nave. It is true that one wished that the timpani had been less attuned to the Dies !rae and that cymbals could have been tinkled as instructed by the composer and the one hundred and fiftieth psalm and not crashed, albeit pianissimo, after the manner of Sousa. The pace of the scherzando was truly magnificent and this time the 'cellos managed to scrape home in a dead heat with the soloist. After the interval had cooled the passions aroused by this fine effort, the romantic vein was continued by Wieniawski's Second Violin Concerto. The repertoire of well-known works for violin and orchestra has become so ridiculously small that one welcomes an attempt at something less familiar. Again the soloist was to the fore, and, despite the fact that there is no major cadenza, the work gave Miles Baster, again a very welcome guest, 198

WILLIAM HARVEY, FORMERLY ASCRIBED TO CORNELTUS J ANSSEN (By kind permission of the Royal College of Physicians, London)

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ample opportunity to display the range of his instrument, and he responded with a wellvaried performance. The orchestral part is very subsidiary and seems to have more than a nodding acquaintance with the Tchaikovsky of the Nutcracker Suite. Of the three movements, the last was the most impressive with its gipsy meanderings, though as a whole the concerto seemed disappointingly lightweight. To have attempted Beethoven's C Minor Symphony was indeed a challenge and the orchestra had here a major achievement. Despite a very slow Scherzo and a rather ponderous tempo throughout, there was an extraordinary mood of exhilaration. It was not a performance to please a purist, but then so many of the very best orchestras make this magnificent work sound almost dull and this performance was never that. There was so much expectation in the air and the audience were treated to somethjng really fine which matched up to anything played at previous concerts. When reviewing school presentations, either by actors or orchestras, a writer feels bound not to set too high a standard. It speaks weU for King's that almost every performance can be judged by really professional standards. The quality of individual performance, musically, in the School seem to be very high, and all in all tllis was a very fine evening, of which the conductor, Colonel Roberts, the leader, Mr. Sugden, the players, and indeed all of us, can be proud. C.R.S.

WILLIAM HARVEY, M.D., O.K.S., 1578-1657 (In this tercentenary year of Harvey's death, we print the first part of an article specially written for THE CANTUARIAN by S . W. Hinds, O.K.S. This is an account of Harvey's life. In our next issue we will print the second part, which is a more detailed assessment of Harvey's work.) HARVEY'S LIFE THE FAMILY William Harvey was, as Fuller quaintly expresses it, the eldest of "a week of sons". His father, Thomas, was born in 1549, one of a family of two boys and three girls, all of whom had issue. About 1575 he married Juliana, eldest daughter of William Jenkin. She died the following year, leaving him with a daughter Gillian or Julian, who married Thomas Cullen of Dover. On 21st January, 1576-77, Thomas married as his second wife Joane, the daughter of Thomas Hawke or Halke of Hastingleigh, a village some six miles from Ashford, Kent. She bore !lim a family of seven sons and two daughters. Thomas traded as a Levant merchant and was an alderman or Jurat or Folkestone, Kent, serving as mayor of the town in 1600. After the death of his second wife in 1605, he moved to London and lived for some time in Hackney, where he died and was interred in June, 1623, in Hackney Church . A tablet to his memory at one time existed in St. Peter-le-Poore's Church in the City of London. The church was twice demolished, the last time in 1912. Little is known of William's mother, but a brass tablet remains to her memory in the parish church in Folkestone. The beautiful words are thought either to have been written by her husband or her eldest son. 199

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A.D. 1605, Nov. 8th dyed in ye 50th yeere of her age, JOAN, Wife of THO: HARVEY. Mother of 7 Sones and 2 D aughters. A Godly harmless Woman : A chaste loveing Wife: A charitable quiet Neighbour: A co~ fortable frendly Matron: A p ~ ovident diligent Huswyfe: A careful te~der~harted Mother: Deere to her Husba nd: Reverensed of her Children: Beloved of her Neighbours: Elected of God. Whose Soule rest in Heaven : her body in this Grave : To her a Happy Advantage : to hers an Unhappy Loss." Of the family home Aubrey wrote "the house is now the post house, a faire stone built house, which he (William) gave to Caius College Cambridge with some lands there. His brother E lia b would have give n a ny money or exchange for it because t'was his father's and they (were) all borne there". The house has since disa ppeared without trace, but those best fi tted to form an opinion, believe it stood at the junction of Rendezvous Street with Church Street. The family must have been in easy circumstances, for all the seven sons were launched successfully in life, "whereof this William was bred to learning, his other brethren being bound apprentices in London ... " . Of William's brothers, five of them, Thomas, D aniel, Eliab and the twins Michael and Mathew, became merchants in no niggardly way- "non tenues et sordidi"-but of weight and substance-"magni et copiosi"- trading with the Levant. John, William's immediate junior, was a member of Gray's I nn and held several important offices including that of King's Footman, and the King's receiver in Lincolnshire. He a lso sat in Pa rliament as Member for Hythe: of the two sisters, Sara h died in childhood, and Amye married George Fowke in 1615, leaving issue. EARLY YEARS

Almoght nothing is known of William's early years, though it is most likely he received a groundin g in writing and reading at the hands of his mother. At the age of ten, in the year of the Armada (1588), he entered the King's School, Canterbury, where, his biographers say, he received a good grounding in Latin and Greek. At 16 he was admitted a lesser pensioner at Caius-GonviUe College, Cambridge, on the last day of May, 1593, where he studied the classics, physics and dialectics, taking the B.A. in 1597. His entry is recorded in the College books: "Gul. Harvey, Filius Thomas Harvey, Yeoman Cantianus, ex Oppido Folkston, educatus in Ludo Litererio Cantuar: nat us an nos I 6, admissus pensionarius minor in commeatum scho1arium ultimo die Mai 1593". Cambridge in William's day was a school of logic and divinity rather than of physic, and most students obtained their medical education in Germany, France or Italy, countries boasting medical schools of the highest repute. P ADUA

William chose Padua, the university town of the commercial republic of Venice, renowned for its school of a natomy made famous by Versalius, Colombo and Fabricius. It was also a much safer place for a Protestant than the other universities in Italy, and probably in France a nd Germany. Large numbers of students from Engla nd and other Protestant coun tries in Eu rope were therefore attracted to Padua. 200

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The universities of Europe have always been of two types-the Magistral, or the University of Masters, as at Paris, on which Oxford and Cambridge were modelled, and ruled by the Masters of Arts, and the Student, or University of Students, under the control of the undergraduates, who directed the studies and elected their own teachers. In Harvey's time, Padua boasted two universities: the Universitas Juristarum (the Jurists) and the Universitas Artistarum (the humanists). In each university the students were enrolled according to their nationality into "nations", and each nation elected one, occasionally two, representatives- conciliarii-who, with the Rector, formed the executive committee of the University. Harvey went to Padua in 1599- not 1598 as previously believed-and was elected conciliarius of the English nation in the more aristocratic University for 1600, 1601 and 1602, where he came under the influence of Fabricius, with whom he developed a life-long friendship. At that time Fabricius was completing his enquiry into the valves in the veins, which he had rediscovered in 1574. These he must have shewn to his pupil, and he may thus have been instrumental in stimulating and directing Harvey's interests into the channels which eventually led to his important discovery. Harvey graduated Doctor of Physic on 25th April, 1602, and received a beautifully illuminated diploma in book form, then the custom of the universities of North Italy. By some means tlus diploma came into the hands of the Rev. Osmund Beauvoir, Headmaster of King's School, Canterbury (1750- 1782), by whom it was presented to the College of Physicians of London on 7th July, 1766. MARRIAGE

Returning to England in 1602, Harvey obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine of Cambridge University, and look a house in the parish of St. Martin's extra Ludgate in London, and almost at once, on 5th October, l 604, was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians, which was then still located in Thomas Linacre's (1460- 1524) (O.K.S.) old house in Knightrider Street in the old part of the City. A few weeks later he married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Lancelot Browne, Physician to Queen Elizabeth. The licence issued by the Bishop of London read: " 1604 Nov. 24. William Harvey, D r. of Physic, Batchelor, 26, of St. Martin's, Ludgate, and Elizabeth Browne, Maiden, 24, of St. Sepulchre's, daughter of Lancelot Browne of same, Dr. of Physic who consents; consent also of Thomas Harvey, one of the Jurats of the town of Polston in Kent, father of the said William : at St. Sepulchre's Newgate."

MRs. HARVEY Almost nothing is known of Mrs. Harvey except that she had no children and died shortly after 1645. She did, however, possess a remarkable pel, of which her husband wrote: "A parrot, a handsome bird and a famous talker had long been a pet of my wife's. It was so tame that it wandered freely through the bouse, called for its mistress when she was abroad, greeted her cheerfully when it found her, answered her call, flew to her and aiding himself with beak and claws, climbed up her dress to her shoulder, whence it walked down her arm and often settled upon her hand. When ordered to sing or talk, it did as it was bidden even at night and in the dark. Playful and impudent, it would often scat itself in my wife's lap to have its head scratched and its back stroked, whilst a gentle movement of its wings and soft murmur witnessed to the pleasure of its soul. I believed all this to proceed from 201

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Its usual familiarity and love of being noticed, for I always looked upon the creature as a male on account of its skill in talking and singing (for amongst birds the fema les rarely sing or challenge one another by their notes, and the males alone solace their mates by their tuneful warbling) .... until .... not long after the caressings mentioned, the parrot, which had lived for so many years in health, fell sick and by and by being seized with repeated attacks of convulsions, died, to our great sorrow, in its mistress's lap, where it had so often loved to lie. On making a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death I found an almost complete egg in its oviduct, but it was addled." MEDICAL PRACTICE IN LONDON

It is generally assumed Harvey spent the first years of his life in London building up his practice. It is also as likely that it was during these years that he began and advanced the work which ultimately resulted in his form ulating the theory of the ci rculation of the blood. On 5th June, 1607, he was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians, and a few years later he sought an appointment as Physician at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He was appointed in 1609 and held the office until he retired in 1643-44. " A a Court (of Governors) held on Sunday, the 25th. day of February, Anno Domini, 1608-9 In presence of Sir John Spencer, Knight, ~resident (and others). "Mr. Dr. HARVEY "This day Mr. William Harvey Doctor of Physic made suit for the reversion of the office of the Physician of this house when the same shall be next void and brought the King's Majesty his letters directed to the Governors of this house in his behalf, and showed forth a testimony of his sufficiency for the same place under the hand of Mr. Doctor Adkynson president of the College of the physicians and diverse other doctors of the auncientest of the said College. It is granted at the contemplation of his Majesty's letters that the said Mr. Harvey shall have the said office next after the decease or other departure of Mr. Doctor Wilkenson who now holdeth the same with the yearly fee and duties thereunto belonging, so that when he be not found to be otherwise employed, that may let or hinder the charge of the same office, which belongeth thereunto." It is likely his brother John's influence at Court helped him to obtain letters of recommendation from the King. Dr. Wilkenson died in 1609 and Harvey was appointed to the vacancy. LUMLIAN L ECTURESHIP

Following the death of the Lumlian lecturer, Dr. Davies, in 1615, Harvey succeeded in the appointment on 4th August. The lectureship was in surgery, and had been established at a cost of ÂŁ40 a yea r, laid as a rent charge against the lands of two distinguished men, Lord Lumley and Dr. Caldwell. T he lecturer was to be a man of distinction, and the appointment to last for life, while the subjects were arranged to recur in cycles. In April, 1616, Harvey gave his first anatomical lecture. The course occupied 16th, 17th and 18th of April, and in his discourse he made the first allusion to the circulation of the blood. "It is plain from the structure of the heart that the blood is passed continuously through the lungs to the aorta as by the two clacks of a water bellow to raise water." " It is shewn by the application of a ligature that the passage of the blood is from the arteries into the veins." 202

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It would be reasonable from these excerpts to conclude Harvey had already satisfied himself of the true nature of the circulation, though it is not known exactly when in fact the discovery was made, for he did not publish his work until twelve years later. The manuscript notes of Harvey's first lectures are now in the British Museum and were acquired in 1754 under the terms of the will of Sir Hans Sloane, M.D. (1660-1753), part of whose collection they once formed. For a number of years the manuscript was lost, but happily it was found among the printed books in 1876 and returned to the Manuscript Department. Over the years Harvey had built up an important and lucrative practice numbering many noble families among his patients, including Lord Chancellor Bacon.

I On 3rd February, 1618, he was appointed Physician Extraordinary to James I. "The King, as a mark of his singular favour granted him leave to consult with his ordinary physicians as to His Majesty's health", promising him the post of Physician in Ordinary as soon as a vacancy arose, a promise which was not fulfilled until 1631, when Charles I had succeeded to the throne. Harvey was now at the height of his career. "He rode on horseback", Aubrey writes, "with a footcloth to visit his patients, his man still following on foot, as the fashion was then, which was very decent, now quite discontinued." In 1628, he published at Frankfort-on-the-Main his book Exercitatio Anatomica De motu cordis et sanguinis in Animalibus, which at once brought him into disrepute in some quarters. He is recorded as saying that "he fell mightily in his practice" and it was rumou red that he was "crack-brained" and all his colleagues were against him. "Though all of his profession would allow him to be an excellent anatomist, I never heard of many that admired his therapeutic way. I knew several practitioners in this town that would not have given threepence for one of his bills, (prescriptions) as a man can hardly tell by his bills what he did aim at." In the College of Physicians, then a comparatively small body, Harvey quickly attained high office. In 1613 he was appointed a Censor, and reappointed again in 1625 and 1629. Then in 1627 he was appointed Elect, a still more important office, and Treasurer of the College in 1628, and again in the following year. In this last year he was commanded by the King to accompany the Duke of Lennox on his travels abroad, from which he returned early in 1632. PHYSICIAN TO JAMES

I It is not known precisely when Harvey was appointed personal physician to Charles I, but it is thought to have been sometime in 1631. This office brought him into close and personal contact with the King and a warm friendship quickly developed between the two men. Charles, interested in his physician's research, gave him permission to study the deer in his parks, a number of which Harvey dissected to obtain information for his other great work the De Generatione. Early in 1633, Harvey attended the King on his visit to Scotland, when Charles was crowned with magnificent pomp in the Abbey Church at Holyrood. The King ordered the PHYSICIAN TO CHARLES

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Ministers to wear surplices, and the Bishops, vestments, instead of the Geneva gown which had been the custom since the Reformation, an order which caused a growing dissatisfaction among the people. Though H arvey was in constant attendance upon the King, he took no part in the proceedings. Instead he visited Bass Rock to study the nesting birds and obtain information on the developing chick within the egg. THE LANCASHIRE WITCHES

The incident of the Lancashire witches caused a sensation in 1634. Sir William Pelham wrote to Lord Conway: "The greatest news from the country is of a huge pack of witches which are lately discovered in Lancashire, whereof nineteen are condemned, and there are at least sixty discovered." A truant wood-cutter's son, Edward Robinson, expla ined his absence by claiming he had been spirited away into Pendle Forest by a witch, a Mother Dickenson, who he said was the ringleader of a pack of witches. On his accusation seven women were arrested, thrown into prison and condemned. Bishop Bridgman of Chester was asked to examine them, and on arriving at the gaol found three had died, and a fourth , Janet Hargreaves, was "past hope of recovery". The Bishop's report to Secretary Coke reaching the King's ears, he at once commanded Henry, Earl of Manchester, Lord Privy Seal, to write to His Majesty's Chirurgions to request them to appoint a body of midwives " ... wherein the said midwives are to receive instructions from Mr. Dr. H arvey, His Majesty's Physician and yourselves ... " to inspect and report on the witches. The women were moved to the Ship Tavern in G reenwich, and from there to London, where they were duly inspected and the findings sent to the Lord Privy Seal. The outcome was that four ladies were pardoned ... . "which may have been due" , says Aveling, "to the enlightened views and prompt and energetic action of Dr. Harvey". THOMAS PARR

In the following year, Harvey was commanded by the King to examine the remains of Thomas Parr, who was said to have lived through the reigns of nine princes, and eventually dying on 14th November, 1635, at the age of 152 years and 9 months. A native of Shropshire, Parr had been brought to London the previous year by Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, as a curiosity to amuse the King. A surfeit of rich food, and the strange ways of city life, were said to have proved too much for the old man. Harvey completed the autopsy, the notes he made being published some years later in 1669 by a Dr. John Betts. THE EARL OF ARUNDEL

When the Earl of Aru ndel was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary to the Emperor Ferdinand in Vienna in April, 1636, Harvey seems to have attached himself to the Embassy, visiting the principal cities on the way, and making the acquaintance of most of the more eminent scientists of the day. In a letter dated May, 1636, from Cologne, now in the Clarendon State Papers, Lord Arundel tells of his visit to the Jesuits' new church and college, a nd adds jokingly, "I found in the College little Dr. Harvey who means to convert them". Leaving the Embassy at Ratisbon, "Honest little Harvey whom the Earl is sending to Italy about some pictures for H is Majesty ... " proceeded to Rome, where he met and dined with Dr. Ent (later Sir George Ent) on 5th October, 1636. Ent remained one of Harvey's closest friends and prevailed on him to publish the Generatione in 1651. 204

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Dr. Bethune, Senior Physician in Ordinary to the King, died in July, 1639, and Harvey was appointed in his place. This was a more valuable post, and carried with it lodgings in Whitehall with certain other perquisites. Following the religious riots in Scotland in 1637, preparations for war were well-advanced when HarveyÂˇ took up this appointment, and early in the year the King joined the army under the command of the Earl of Arundel, and marched north. Instead of the expected battle, the King signed the Pacification of Berwick on 18th June. In the next year the King again travelled north and held a great Council of Peers at York, on 24th September, 1640. Negotiations were opened with the Scots, as a result of which the Treaty of Ripon was signed a year later, and the threat of war faded. It is almost certain Harvey must have witnessed these historic events, since he was in personal attendance on the King throughout. In the next two years the situation deteriorated again, and by the end of Jan uary, 1641--42, war had become virtually inevitable. On 16th August, 1642, Charles left London to raise his standard in Nottingham six days later. In his absence Parliament forces broke into Harvey's lodgings, a fact he bitterly regretted. "Whilst in attendance on His Majesty the King during our later troubles", he wrote, " ... certain rapacious hands not only stripped my house of all its furniture, but what is a subject of far greater regret to me, my enemies abstracted from my museum the fruits of many years toil. Whence it has come to pass that many observations, particularly on the generation of insects have perished ... " Harvey came under fire at the Battle of Edgehill on 23rd October, 1642. He had been given charge of the two princes, the future Charles II and James II, and weary of waiting for the battle to commence, the three of them sat down in the shade of a hedgerow. Harvey took a book from his pocket and began to read "But he had not read very long before a bullet from a great gun grazed the ground near him, which made him remove his station" . During the battle, Harvey personally attended to the wounded. Adrian Scrope, son of Sir Jervais Scrope, received "several wounds" and was left " ... among the dead as a dead person there, but brought off by his son and recovered by the immortal Dr. Will Harvey .. ." After the battle the King moved on towards London; Banbury surrendered on October 27th, and two days later Charles entered Oxford in triumph. For the next two years, Harvey lived quietly in Oxford occupying his time with professional work and research, and on 7th December, 1642 he was incorporated Doctor of Physic, Oxford. Of his research Aubrey writes: "I remember he came several times to our College (Trinity) to George Bathurst, B.D., who had a hen to hatch eggs in his chambers, which they opened daily to see the progress and the way of generation". In 1645 he was elected Warden of Merton in succession to Sir Nathaniel Brent and solemnly admitted according to ancient rites on 9th April. In the year Harvey held this office, the city was besieged by Fairfax for fifteen days in May and June. On 14th June the Royal cause was lost at Naseby, and in the following November another siege became almost a certainty. At three in the morning of 27th April, 1646, the King with his hair and beard trimmed, passing as a servant attending to Hudson and Ashburnham, crossed Magdalen Bridge and disappeared into the night. Harvey was probably one of the small group of men who closed the city gates on that sad occasion. A month later Oxford surrendered on honourable terms. Harvey never saw the King again, and he failed in his petition to be granted safe passage to Newcastle-on-Tyne to attend Charles in November that year, in case the King should have need of his services. 205

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When the Civil War ended, Harvey was in his sixty-eighth year. His twin brothers Mathew and Mark had died in 1643, John in 1645, and his wife shortly afterwards. Alone and prone to gout, he had no heart left to re-enter medical practice. He decided then to try to repair the loss he had suffered when his rooms were ransacked at the outbreak of the war. Returning to London, he made his home chiefly with his brother Eliab, who lived in Cockaine House, which was probably situated in Broad Street, and in the village of Roehampton, where he had his country house. Sometimes he lived with his other remaining brother, Daniel, in the village of Lambeth, or at his house in Coombe in Surrey. As soon as he was settled, he sent a message to his friend and late pupil, Charles Scarburgh, who had remained with the Royalist Army: " Prithee, leave off thy gunning and stay here. I will bring thee into practice". He was as good as his word, and on the 8th October, 1649, Scarburgh was elected reader of anatomical lectures by the Company of Barber Surgeons of London. The following year he was elected Fellow of the College of Physicians, London, which proved to be the beginning of a most distinguished career. He became principal physician to Charles II, by whom he was knighted on 15th August, 1669, and later, physician to James II and William III. He remained a dear and close friend of Harvey's until his death, and succeeded him as Lumlian Lecturer in 1656. Harvey also bequeathed him his gown: "Item, I give my velvet gown to my loving friend Mr. Dr. Scarburgh ... " "And to Dr. Scarburgh all my little silver instruments of surgery." Thus the mantle of the master fell, in fact, on the pupil's shoulders. Harvey also maintained a close and personal contact with his old friend George Ent, who, visiting him in December, 1650, has left a charming account of the occasion. On this visit he persuaded Harvey to allow him to peruse the old man's notes and an~ange them for publicat.ion, and Harvey's second great work eventually appeared in print in 1651. Turning to the College he loved and served so well, he sent a communication to the President, Dr. Prujean, which was read to the Fellows on 4th July, 1651. "If I can procure one that will build a library and a repository for simples and rarities, such a one as shall be suitable and honourable to the College, will you assent to have it done or no, and give me leave, and such others as I shall desire to be the designers and overlookers of the work both for conveniency and ornament?" No doubt everyone knew who the anonymous benefactor was, for on 22nd December, 1652, the College decided a statue should be placed in the hall which was then situated at Amen Corner by St. Paul's. The hall and the statue perished in the Great Fire. On 2nd February, 1653, the building was opened, and Harvey received the President and Fellows at a magnificent opening ceremony. In a speech, he made over to the College the title deeds of the building, its contents, most of which he had provided, and his whole interest in it. On Michaelmas Day, 1654, Dr. Prujean's Presidency ended, and Harvey, who was absent from the meeting, was unanimously voted his successor. Dr. Alston and Dr. Harney were chosen to wait on Harvey to ascertain his wishes, but on the next day when the meeting was resumed, the old man graciously attended himself, thanked his colleagues for the honour they had done him, and declined the Presidency, pleading advincing frailty. With charm, he courteously advised his colleagues to invite Dr. Prujean to stand again. Harvey was nominated one of the Consilarii, to which office he was reappointed in 1655 and 1656. 206

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Harvey resigned the Lumlian Lectureship in July, 1656, and on the same day took his leave of the College. In doing so, he bequeathed to the College his patrimonial estate at Burmarsh in Kent, then valued at £56 a year. LAST HOURS

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In the last years of his life, Harvey devoted much of his time to a study of general literature and mathematics, and was actually working out the problems in Oughtred's Clavis Mathimatica to within a few days of his death. About ten o'clock on the morning of 3rd June, 1657, while staying with his brother Eliab at Roehampton, Harvey found he could not speak. In the language of the time, he was suffering from the dead palsy of the tongue. He knew his end was near, and presently sent for his young nephews. To each he made a gift of his personal belongings as a token of remembrance; to one his signet ring, to another his minute watch. He then made signs to his apothecary Sambroke to bleed him from a vein under the tongue, but to no avail. As the day wore on his strength slowly ebbed, and in the evening, as the sun, low in the summer sky, cast lengthening shadows over the streets and the fields he knew so well, he fell asleep, and passed peacefully without a word, and free of pain. His body was taken to London and was probably placed in the room in Cockaine House which was later to become the office of Elias Ashmole. There it lay until 25th of June, when the Fellows of his College were requested to attend the funeral arranged for the next day. On 26th June, Harvey left London for the last time, his remains being accompanied to the City walls by a large gathering of his colleagues and friends. From there a smaller procession made its slow way to Hempstead in Essex, some fifty miles from London, and seven south-east of Saffron Walden, where in the parish church, about 1655, Eliab had built the Harvey Chapel. William, lapt in lead, in a mummy-like case, with an inscription embossed in raised letters on the chest, which reads: DOCTOR WILLIAM HARVEY DECEASBD THE 3 OF JUNE 1657 AGED 79 YEARS.

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was placed between the bodies of his two"nieces, Sarah aged 12, and Elizabeth aged 9, daughters of Eliab Harvey. Over the centuries the lead of the coffin suffered some decay, from exposure to the elements, which had access by a broken window nearby. Twice the shell was repaired, and after many vicissitudes, on the 18th October, 1883 the" . . . leaden mortuary chest ... was repaired ... and was reverently translated from the Harvey vault to this sarcophagus . .. " of white marble, where it now rests in the body of the church•

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THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CATHEDRAL GLASS Perhaps the most striking fact about the manufacture of the Cathedral glass is that it has changed very little either in the methods or the tools employed during the last seven or eight centuries. This is not surprising when it is realised that the glass originally produced by these methods has passed through the exacting wear and tear of the centuries to be admired today for design and colour. The early glass makers and "painters" were not the monks, but skiJled craftsmen, who had been apprenticed to the trade and had learnt every stage up to that of Master Glazier. A visit to the Canterbury Cathedral Glassworks will prove of great interest, and the methods now used there cann ot be fa r from the methods employed by these early craftsmen. The u neve n thickness of the glass in the early wi ndows is a n essential part of the design, and the same kind of glass is still used. Theophil us noted in his Diversarum Artum Schedu/a (ca 1000 A.D.) that a great variety of tones can be obtai ned as these depend on the density of the glass. Thus when the pieces are cut out of the sheets, they are cut not in the most economical m anner, but according to the tone required. The essential components of the glass are sand, lime and potash, the potash being originally obtained from the as hes of plants or seaweed. These components were melted in clay pots in a furnace. When the mixture was white hot, it fused together; the liquid glass formed sank to the bottom, and the impurities, forming a scum, were skimmed off the surface. This process produced the colourless glass, a lthough it was slightly tinged with green, which was due to the iron impurities. When the glass was made by this method it was called pot metal, and it was coloured by mixing metallic oxides with it before it was heated. The main oxides and colouring elements used were copper oxide, which produced a ruby colour; cobalt a blue, iron-brown, green or yellow (depending o n the type and amount of oxide used); manga nese which gave a purple colour ; and yellow, which was produced by soot and sulphur. As the oxides were impure, a great variety of tints was obtained. The quality of the glass a lso depended on the kind of sand that was used: the purer the silica, the better the glass. As Kent has good sand for glass-making, it was an important centre for the m anufactu re of the Early glass. This is probably why Laurence Vilianus, originally a No rman glass worker, settled at Dyers Cross in the Weald of Kent in 1226 to practice his craft. Laurence became so well-known that with in fourteen years he was given the job of supplying glass for "the new Abbey at Westminster". Probably quite a lot of his glass found its way to Canterbury, perhaps partly through his son, who later worked at Chiddingford. There is a common fallacy that the ancient colours, such as the deep blue, that were produced by such men cannot now be matched, but even these craftsmen could not do so now, for the sun has a bleaching effect on the glass which only time can achieve. The pot metal could then be made suitable for further processes in one of three different ways: . I n the first method the m olten glass was poured on to a revolving turntable, so spinning the glass into a flat disc, the only mark of the process being a Jump, or bullion, left in the centre. T he second method produced almost the same effect. The molten glass was collected on the end of a blowpipe, a bubble of glass was blown, and was transferred to an iron rod. This was then whirled round while the glass was still in a semi-molten state, and the glass disc was formed as in the first method. 208

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The third way of making the molten glass suitable was to collect the glass on the end to a blow pipe and blow it into a long bottle shape, cut oiT the ends and open it out. A sheet of glass was thus formed from the opened out cylinder. The glass produced by the first)wo methods was called Crown-glass, and that by;the last method, Muff glass. The bubbles of air trapped in the Crown glass form concentric circles, and the bubbles in the Muff glass are in parallel lines. (The size of the sheets of glass was anything between 2 ft. x It ft. and 4 ft. x 2t ft. and they cost between three shillings and six shillings a ponder, this being one of the old measures of weight and the equivalent of five pounds.) Ruby and green are such dense colours that only a thin layer is required on white:- glass to produce the same effect as "pot metal" of the other colours. This kind of glass is called flashed glass. It was made by first dipping the blow-pipe in the green or ruby glass, and then in the while glass several times, and then blowing as in the muff glass process. The thin layer of coloured glass on rhe white can be removed by acid or grinding nowadays, but was originally removed by chipping with a burring tool. The thickness of the flash on the Early glass was about one eighth of an inch but was later (in the 16th century) about one thirtysecond of an meh. The glass has now been obtained in sheets of the required colour. It is then cut by use of a small and sharp steel wheel. (In the old days, it was cut, as is commonly believed, by running a hot iron over the glass and cooling quickly with water. Mr. Easton of the Cathedral Glassworks says that he has tried this method, but unsuccessfully.) The roughly shaped glass was then shaped, using a tool like a pair of pliers that grossed or nibbled away the edge. When the glass has been cut to size over a pattern marked out on a whilewashed board or paper, it is then painted. The "paint" is a mixture of soft powdered glass and flux (copper and iron oxides). The paint is the shading of the picture, and it is usually applied by thin parallel strokes. This shading is referred to as trace lines, and the flux prevents the sun from passing straight through the window, and obliterating the trace Jines. When the glass has been painted, it is placed on a long iron tray and fired in a kiln, known as a "muffle". It is fixed for between three and four hours-depending on the dra ught- and the fuel used now is the same as it always has been, wood and some coke. Constant heat is required and the cooling process must not be hurried. Modern electric kilns are too rapid in the firing, and the glass produced in them tends to be very brittle. The cooling should take twelve hours. Perhaps it is the time factor that led to the success of the Early glass. A process that developed in the 14th century was staining, said to have originated in France in 1310. This is done by applying silver oxide to the glass, and firing it in the kiln with a heat gentler than that used for the painting. The advantages of the stain lie in the fact that two or more colours can be put on one piece of glass, green trees and blue sky; or halo, crown and air all in detail on the head. In the 16th century enamel painting was used on the glass. When the pieces of glass have been prepared, they are then leaded. The old method of making the leads was to pour the molten lead over and between twigs or rushes laid parallel and close together. It is in this process that the only modern machine is now employed in the workshop. The wide and rough leads from the castings are fed into a 209

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fascinating machine that draws in these leads on one side, and ejects the shining new "white" leads on the other. The leads are then "wrapped" around the glass and very carefully cut to size with a sharp knife, and are then soldered, and putty is inserted between the glass and the leads, in places, for waterproofing. The glass now produced is often said to have a "jewel-like" effect, but the pieces of glass do not really stand out as individual "jewels"; rather do they blend to form an exquisitely coloured picture of good design and execution. The design of the leading and ironwork is an essential part of the craft of glassmaking. Far from there being any desire to conceal the leading, it is highly desirable to break up the surface of the work by means of it. Care is always taken to ensure that its shape and direction is carefully considered from the point of view of appearance. As Arnold points out, "no illusion can be obtained in this very two dimensional art, vagueness and blur are more out of place here than in any other kind of art". The leading adds very much to the boldness of the picture. This is one of the reasons why the Cathedral glass is so beautiful: the boldness of the design is invigorating; the art is not "finnicky". It aims at a suggestion of form, not at a photographic reproduction of it.

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The leading can be compared with the black outlines to figures in miniatures or scrollwork in illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages. But the lead is so flexible that strengthening ironwork is essential. The grid of bars is composed of vertical struts, called "standard" bars, and the horizontal struts called "saddle" bars. In later windows the standard bars were replaced by stone mullion work. This ironwork was attached to the leadwork by broad strips of lead, soldered on to attach the liars to the window panels. The bars were of a "T"-shaped section, the head of the "T" being outwards, and having staples at intervals on the inner rib, through which the light iron bars were thrust, and held into place by keying them with wedges. A wooden framework is set within the stone to receive the iron bars. The anist either had to make the figures independent of the ironwork, or else make the figures so small that they could fit within the iron border. The former method is employed in the original Clerestory windows (now in the South Transept and the West window), and the latter in the windows of the North Choir Aisle. The characteristic strength and massiveness of the iron is in fitting with the general design of the old windows, and is greatly accentuated in the Medallion windows. Canterbury ironwork excited the admiration of William of Malmesbury to such a degree that, in a comment on the design, he wrote: "Nihil tale possit in Anglia videri". F.A-R. ' I

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CHEKHOV'S LAST PLAYS (Being extracts from a paper delivered to the Marlowe Society on the evening of Saturday, June 15th)

Chekhov's four last plays are fortunately a compact study of their own . In The Seagull we see the triumph of his method, with concessions to convention; in Uncle Vanya we see the perfection of technique; in The Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard the complete mastery. What exactly does this "method", this "technique" consist of? I think the question is better formulated-"How is the trick played?" because all drama is a trick, a deception. The p layright or acto r who is described as being realistic is in fact only simulating realism, just as the actor who gabbles his words when he is requ ired to appea r panic stricken is not in fact gabbling, for then his words would be lost, but is giving the appearance of speed by careful intonation and stress. The encroachment into recent films of what is known as method acting, in a way an extension of Stanislavsky's method, claims to come a stage nearer to life as it really is. The finished product impresses with its particular brand of throw away and apparent lack of timing, but it is in fact more artificially contrived than its more routine counterpart. Realism for realism's sake leads nowhere. Just as facts are nothing without their interpretation, so life is of no significance in the dramatist's eye unless he can obtrude his own personality into it. This is not to say that the author's own character or opinions need necessarily be mechanically reproduced, or that the author need appear Shaw-wise in every play- Trigorin speaks for Chekhov just as much as Konstantinbut that all writing, particularly dramatic, being a matter of selection, the author's personality is bound to influence his decisions. Chekhov, after the success of Ivanov, became convinced that it was not his duty merely to hold up the mirror to nature, but that a work of art should also have an aim that transcended the writer's wish to be a mere honest observer of life as he saw it. In The Wood Demon Chekhov succumbed to the Tolstoian morality theme, and realism is subordinated too radically to the neat contrivance of the plot. By the time Chekhov came to write The Seagull he had become convinced that he had to show not only how people lived but how they ought to live. He saw, quite rightly, t hat the first could not be an end in itself- the more lifelike you try to make a play the less lifelike it appears. In life facts rarely fit into a discernible pattern; in a play they must, a nd any unnecessary part or irrelevancy jars. More important, people in real life are only surface, they allow only the part of themselves which they wish the outside world to see to be visible. In time one may pierce the mask a little, but a play has no such time to waste. People have to be shown as quickly as possible for what they really are, and this without damaging the stage semblance of reality. It was in order to concentrate on character and people that Chekhov adopted the Greek technique of indirect action. T he difference between plays of direct and indirect action is quite simple, especially as illustrated by Chekhov's conversion. I n the play of direct action a story is told; the play begins at the beginning, and ends at the end-or as near as is dramatically effective-with the entire story unfolding itself before the audience's eyes. In one respect all Shakespeare's plays have this chronicle element, certainly a play such as Kyd's Spanish Tragedie does: a murder is contemplated, we see it performed; war is declared, we are led through a tortuous series of " parts of the battlefield". The play of indirect action concerns itself not with the highly dramatic and colourful events, but with the effects these events have on the cha racters. The two methods are not of course clearly defined and distinct: 2 11

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Shakespeare's tragedies for instance employ both. The downfall of Macbeth is traced step by step, but the effect and strain-at least on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth- is shown just as vividly. But the attempt to combine the two in a play that is a lready unt idy and overcompressed su rely accou nts for the weakness of that particular play- the lack of characterization in the minor pa rts. Chekhov by letting the story unfold as best it can has time for all his characters. The ways in which he adapts the indirect action form all combine to this end. Superficial critics have seen Chekhov's plays as devoid of act ion, plot, and subject matter. Stanislavsky himself in his book My Life in Art answers this perfectly: The poetic power of Chek hov's plays does not man ifest itself at firs t read ing. After having read them, yo u say to yo urself: This is good, but ... it's nothing special, nothing to stun you with ad miration. Everything is as it should be. Familiar, truthful, nothing new. Not infrequently the first reading of his plays is even d isappointing. You feel you have nothing to say abot1t them. The plot? The subject? You can explain them in a couple of words. Acting parts? Many are good, but none are striking enough to stimulate an ambitious actor. Yet as you recollect some phrases and scenes, you feel you want to think about them more, think about them longer. In your mind, you go over other phrases and scenes, over the whole of the play ... You want to re-read it-and then you realize the hidden depths under surface . . . We have referred before to this magic of Chekhov. It is not, however, created without a great deal of craftsmanship. Chekhov had of course considerable experience of writing before he came to his last plays, but he possessed more than just skill and experience, he was a born dramatist; he knew how to manoeuvre his characters, how to cope with the interrelation of six or seven people on the stage at a time. Jn The Seagull he still has a succession of ra ther contrived duo logues; by The Cherry Orchard he can handle a ll his characters without faltering. From this point of view it is interesting to compare the third acts of these two plays. T he third act of The Seagull consists of a scene between Masha a nd Trigo rin, where Masha explains her compromise wi th life; a scene between N ina an d Trigorin, where T rigori n real izes that N ina is in love with him ; a scene between Sorin and Arkadina, where Sorin fails to persuade his sister to treat her son properly; a violent quarrel between mother and son, where each taunts the other with their failures; a Big Scene where Arkadina does a Bernhardt rewoo of Trigorin; and her departure for Moscow, now a wit unruffled after her rather full Chekhovian morning. Each of these six sections is individua lly treated; the pace, mood, and timing of each indicated. They a re brilliantly organ ized and compressed, but examples rather of C hekhov's mastery of direct action. Lee us consider the fourth part, the quarrel. The whole relationship between mother a nd son has been meticulously pointed throughout the play, even to the double quotation from Hamlet in Act One, which the position so ironically reflects. Konstantin suffers from what the American film producers insist on calling a Mother F ixation ; in everything he does he seeks to impress his mother; his play at the beginning is designed to this end; his great fear is that this mother will think him a failure, a nobody. Watch the rhythm of the scene-Konstantin, softl y a nd self-consciously, asking for his bandage to be cha nged, and his attempt to recall the mother-chi ld relationship 2lZ

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in the happy days before she became famous and bound up in herself; the paLhetic plea for her not to devote her time so m uch to Trigorin, and her calm reply which a1moys him by her use of the word " honourable"; his shrewd dig at Trigorin's partiality for Nina-but still Arkadina has her poise, and she counters with a dig at his mediocrity. He tears the bandage off and battle royal begins, with his accusations of decadence, and her accusations of mediocrity, until she uses that terrible terrible word "Nonentity". It is this that breaks Konstantin down: and as he sits there crying, Arkadina is suddenly all regrets and consolation, and the quarrel is wretchedly tided over. The timing of the scene has to be split second. For technique compare the third act of The Cherry Orchard with this, or indeed with the second act of Galsworthy's The Skin Game. The subject of both Galsworthy and Chekhov's play is, in a sense, the sale- or rather the auction- of some property. In both plays the new progressive business generation is buying out the old country gentry. Galsworthy centres his play on the auction scene, and an enthralling and vital scene it proves to be, with a splendid and unexpected climax. The equivalent "auction scene" in The Cherry Orchard is a ball at Madame Ranevsky's house. The ball is typical Chekhov. It is none of your grand Tolstoian spectacles. As Feers, the old butler, says: . .. We used to have generals, barons, and admirals dancing at our balls, but now we send for the post-office clerk and the station master, and even they don't come too willingly. The dancers come swirling in and out of the room. The music and the overamusing backchal, the petty strife among the serva nts, the governess' card tricks and idiotic practical jokes are not merely the background to the main concern, they are part of it. Everything reflects the main interest. Directly Chekhov feels we are in the swim of the evening he introduces quite directly the auction: Why isn't Leonid back? I only want lo know whether the estate's sold or not. Such a calamity seems so incredible that somehow I don't even know what to think. I feel quite lost. (Honestly I feel I could shriek out loud this very moment . ... I shall be doing something silly.) This is established and we are at once thrown back into the banter and the teasing of the evening. A little later on Mme. R anevsky again mentions her anxiety. The point is not pressed, but we know it is at the back of her mind all the time. By half-way through the scene the audience is so far in sympathy with the players that they can feel themselves amid the gaiety and the fooling and the anxiety and the tantrum with which the whole evening is charged. The evening is preparing for the return of the bidders. Then, at long last the two arrive back from the auction. The big moment has come. Gayev, the brother of Mme. Ranevsky who owns the orchard, has failed. The young nouveau riche peasant has succeeded. But there is no blaring of trumpets, no exultation, no lamentation. Instead the limp, rather dead feeling when it is all over, when Fate has taken its course. Varya flings down her keys, Lopakhin shouts, Mme. is near to fainting, but the ending is static as far as movement is concerned- static, yet it is so charged with action that it is almost impossible for the actors to get across a quarter of its implications. It matters very little who has bought the property, it is not the new versus the old as in Galsworthy's play. What matters is the mixture of the defiant and the ironic in Lopakhin's voice as he calls for music. Just as ironic as the former peasant buying out his beloved mistress is Ania's comforting faith in the future. Both are intensely moving, both are intensely amusing. It is the most superb climax in Chekhov. 2 13

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1 used the word Fate just now. This may seem an archaism for a play that claims to be essentially realistic, but it is in fact a most important part of the indirect action technique. The presupposition of Greek tragedy is that the audience knows the basic story, and is more concerned with the author's particular interpretation of the plot and the characterization. Not only does the author not have to worry overmuch over the course of the story, but if necessary the Gods can be called in to make things happen which a so-called realistic writer would be hard put to it to explain. The Gods-or the invisible characters-at any rate have the last say in the fate of the protagonists. In the same way these invisible characters play an important part in Chekhov's plots. Mme. Ranevsky' s Paris lover, Protopopov in The Three Sisters are the most obvious example of characters who in a direct action play would have to be either omitted or introduced. Look how many unseen figures there are in the sale of the cherry orchard. There is the au nt who sends an amount to help their attempt to save the property which the R anevskys know is not enough, but, characteristically, hope that it may see them through yet. Then there is the whole of the auction, Deriganov and the others whom Lopakhin is bidding against- the people who provide the motive force for the action. The characters' reactions to situations, not the situations themselves are the vital thing. Chekhov uses another device imported from the Greeks, the chorus or the messenger element. A d irect action play tries to avoid telling the audience any of the plot; when it does it is considered a weakness; the audience must be shown as much as possible. But the messenger element is essential to the indirect form, and Chekhov uses it often. The Three Sisters opens thus: OLGA: It's exactly a year ago that Father died isn't it? This very day, the ftfth of May-your Saint's day Irena. I remember it was very cold and it was snowing. I felt then as if! should never survive his death; and you had fainted and were lying quite still, as if you were dead. And now-a year's gone by, and we talk about it so easily. You're wearing white, and your face is positively radiant ... (a clock strikes twelve). The clock struck twelve then, too. I remember when Father was being taken to the cemetery there was a military band, and a salute with rifle fire; that was because he was a general, in command of a brigade. And yet t here weren't many people at the funeral. Of course it was raining hard, raining and snowing. Konstantin tells the story of Trigorin and Nina's brief affaire, and here the emphasis is not even on the story, but on his telling of it, the pain he suffers not with his voice but with his eyes, and the reactions of the still silent group as they listen to him: She had a child. It died. Trigorin tired of her and slid back into his old attachments, as might have been expected. I n fact he never really gave them up, but in his spineless way he somehow managed to keep them all going. As far as I can make it out from what I've heard, Nina's personal life was an utter failure. Chekhov never stops his characters talking; it is only by their garrulousness that we can see them as people. It is a common device to make characters discuss one another on the stage. Chekhov goes further than this-he makes his characters talk about themselves, more often than not for no apparent reason. And from their affirmed dreams and wishesmostly unfulfilled- we can feel and sympathize with them. His language is essentially evocative-and in tha t sense poetic. It seeks not so much to inform the audience but to create in them sympathy, to arouse in them an emotional mood identical to the actor's own. In places the technique is obvious. When Arkadina tells them to be quiet-"It's 214

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such a nice evening. Can you hear? There's someone singing. How nice it is! It's on the other side of the lake .... I remember such laughter and noise, and shooting- and love affairs, love affairs all the time ... ". Here the mood is thrust upon us. Chekhov was one of the first dramarists to use exterior sounds for effect, such as music, the snapping of the string in The Cherry Orchard, the smell of autumn in The Three Sisters, and even Light, the S timmung so skilfully used in The Cherry Orchard. As Agate wrote: "I want the reader to be chilled by that early morning light stealing into the room still called the nursery, a nd to sadden with the glow of that melancholy sunset fi ltering through the shutters a t the end." In certain passages these effects are symbo ls, frequently of an old order. I n the last act of The Three Sisters, where the three are abo ut to be turned out of their house, and the new mistress- their sister-in-law-a cheap, vulga r thing, is trying to revenge herself on their implied disdain, she gazes at their beloved garden and says loud ly: So tomorrow I'll be a lone here. I'll have this fir-tree avenue cut down first, then that maple tree over there. It looks so awful in the eveni ngs ... My dear, that belt you're wearing doesn 't suit you at all. Not at all in good taste. You want something brighter to go with that dress ... (still they fail to rise). I'll tell them to put flowers all round here, lots of flowers, so that we can get plenty of scent from them. In Natasha's ha nds even flowers become vulgar and undesirable. ... "so that we can get plenty of scent from ihem." Chekhov's p1ays and world is essentially delicate, not because a ll his characters are refined a nd well brought up, but because they have this level of language, this level of grace. Chekhov haced bourgeois vulgarity, be hated people who had no feelings. All his characters are sensitive, making up in humanity what they may lack in intelligence and understanding. Vulgarity jars immediately. His language, which a t times seems so close to poetry, partly explains the magic power his plays have. Closely linked with this is his power of disposing of the audience as a fourth wall. The picture stage has a lways been a limitation to realism, a nd the tendency today is to avoid this by a rtificial contrivances such as vast apron stages and arena seating. Chekhov had no need to thrust his stage into the middle of the audience, for they are so far identified and in sympathy with the whole course of the play that they are at one with the player. The magic lies not so much in the action or even in the mood of the play-plenty of dramatists have contrived as well here-but in bringing the audience under the spell. Chekhov is nothing without his aud ience ; the disappointment which, as Stanislavsky points out, people have suffered on first reading Chekhov, is witness to this. Once Chekhov has claimed his audience's whole imagination and intelligence, what does he try to do with it? Chekhov himself said that he was trying to show people how they ought to live, but he never attempted to do this by proclaiming any social revolution, by looking forward to any Marxist Utopia. There are no reasoned arguments on behalf of any social creed-unless it be a revolt against man's destruction of beauty, for he believed that in beauty alone lay ultimate truth. Chekhov never passes judgement on his cha racters, and he never passes judgement through them on the world. H e never sides completely with the old or the new; if he took a ny side, it was that of sensitivity against vulgarity-the vulgarity of Lopakhin and Natasha. He has been accused of being a pessimist, of being a fatalist. Shaw, who wrote his Heartbreak House when under his influence, thought this. He says of the characters in The Cherry Orchard that "They would, Chekhov thought, be sold up and set adrift by the 215

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bailiffs; therefore he had no scruple in exploiting and flattering their charm". This Chekhov could never do. He always had hope- if not necessarily confidence-in the future. He believed fervently that work was a panacea for all ills, and his plays-particularly The Seagull and Uncle Vanya- proclaim this doctrine of industry. The characters who have some object in their lives are the happy ones. But in all his plays there is this strain of optimism, beautiful, poetic, faintly sad, faintly ironic. Chekhov did not stand outside his plays and view them objectivel y; he cared abou t his cha racters, he cared about them terribly, but he could never sacrifice reality for contriva nce, never debase or exalt humanity for the sake of a cheap moral. He wanted to show people how they ought to be. H e showed them as they really a re. Su rely the two a ims are identical.

O.R.F.D.

THE MUSICAL THOUGHT OF BACH AND HANDEL It has been said that " Bach invaded the Himmelreich, Handel found Lebensraum on earth". It is true that Handel assimilated the musical culture of many nations, and that his talent was in this way more universal than that of Bach ; his influence upon the culture of nations was consequently the greater. He was educated in Germany, until the age of sixteen, as a law student ; on his father's death in 1702, he aba ndoned law, and soon after entering Halle University, more to further himself socially than educationally, was appointed temporary organist at the Cathedral attached to the Moritzburg, in succession to the drunkard, Leporin. His musical career had started; after leaving Halle, and spending some two years in Hamburg, he travelled much in Italy, studied French music, and finally, in 1712, settled in London. By then he had assimilated much of the character of Germany, Italy, France, and England, and thus succeeded, as none other of our great mas ters has ever done, in appealing to that part of the human nature which is independent of nationality and of time, and which is more or less universal. To Handel, the poetic aspect of the art was the chief object; and this, by means of sung words, is universally acceptable. Bach devoted himself to what was purely musical, .and in a way that was characteristic of the German nation only. As their a ims were different, so were their styles. Bach had the power to assimilate all the fluctuating tendencies in musical forms which prevailed at any particular time during his life. H e also absorbed the style of those composers on whom he built the foundations of his musical career. The ideal part of these composers' music rapidly disappeared in the mighty flood of Bach's own originality, but the influence of men such as Buxtehude in North Germany, Pachelbel in South a nd Central Germany, and Vivaldi in Italy, clung. to Bach all his life, in certain characteristics of form . He perfected all that he received from the various musical sources, and in tha t way found the means whereby he could express his own ideas ; for the creations of this genius, when they had been developed in any given direction, such as the absolute perfection of the chaconne a nd passacaglia as conceived by Buxtehude, began to show a reaction which overpowered them, a nd thence formed a new a nd different evolution. According to Buxtehude, the passacaglia has a theme which is always the tru e bass, remaining unaltered throughout, while in the chaconne, 216

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the theme may go into any of the parts, and be subjected to many variations, so long as it remains recognisable. However, while perfecting the chaconne and passacaglio, Bach realised that he could use one or the other of these forms instead of the Variation. Consequently the rules laid down by Buxtehude were not adhered to-the bass theme having its position and even its notes altered, and sometimes resolved into figures; frequently, there was no bass theme at all, but only a number of phrases of four bars each, adjoined in the same rhythm and in triple time. In this way, therefore, Bach devised a method whereby the limited and monotonous style of the Variation could be avoided. In fact, whatever form he found to use was infused with the originality of his genius. Handel, for all his travel and study, left unused a large number of the elements with which the musical atmosphere of the time was filled. So it was not he, but Bach, who was universal in amalgamating all the musical forms of his contemporary national culture. Handel was first trained by a German organist, Friedrich Zachau, and was himself an organist for a while in his youth; after Handel left his temporary post at the Moritzburg Cathedral, he met Johann Mattheson at Hamburg, and in 1703, accompanied him to LUbeck, with the idea of succeeding Buxtehude as organist at the Marienkirche. However, as, by tradition, the appointment also entailed marrying Buxtehude's daughter, neither he nor Mattheson accepted the position, and Handel never again had a post as a church organist. He turned towards other id~as, and before long, he was using the organ only as a musical means, one among others in the general mass of instruments he used, and merely in a supporting role, or to introduce external embellishments. Bach started from the organ, and remained faithful to it, literally to the last day of his life. The organ was, to him, the basis of all musical creation, the centre of many of the forms he wrought out. Handel made no use of the superb form of the chorale melody. Probably he considered that he could offer no more development to it. Bach felt otherwise-he made the chorale the foundation of his sacred works. It is not possible, therefore, to compare the style of Bach's organ works, and the thought behind them, with any one of Handel's compositions. One may assume, as Bach did, that the pedal board is the most important part of the organ, giving it majesty and power above all other instruments. Handel, however, neglected and seldom used the pedals; this was not because he lacked the necessary genius, but because, as an Englishman, he was forced to renounce the experience of the pedals, which, as a German, he possessed. At that time, there were very few English organs with pedals, and thus the pedal board was not even missed. In Germany; the situation was quite different; there one was not likely to find the pedals lacking on even the smallest village organ. Thus the English musicians were not in a position to appreciate a good organist, and it can be said that Handel gave in to the taste of the English, and turned his back on the outstanding qualities of the German organ. In his Saul, for example, he included organ solos that were so thin and simple, that they produce an equally good effect on the short-toned harpsichord as on the organ, with its sustained tones-in every instance where the pedals are used, it is merely to add support to the bass part on the manuals. It can therefore be said that Handel did not even find the art of the organ to his taste. Also, since it appears that he purposely avoided meetingÂˇ Bach, he probably did not trust himself to meet Bach on equal terms, and he considered that provincial organists tend to have a habit of being tedious and unpalatable in conversation. Both Bach and Handel published clavier pieces in the twenties of the seventeenth century. Handel composed a set of suites in the contemporary French manner, and there is not 217

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much variety in them; Bach endowed parts of his Clavier-Ubung with a wealth of originality. The melodies in the "aria with variations" from Handel's suites are far too simple for modern tastes; but Bach's Goldberg Variations, for example, can still hold their own against more modern compositions, for they are original, and will not easily become outdated. Handel failed here, in that he liked to impress and dazzle his audience, a factor that is so obvious in his suites which abound in brilliance; the difference between these and Bach's partitas is simply one of character. The latter leave a deeper and much more lasting impression, since Bach adheres more strictly to form; so, through his conformity, Bach stands out more in this sphere than Handel. Handel's fugues are good, but he often abandons a voice; Bach's harpsichord fugues can be arranged for as many instruments as they have voices, for every voice receives its proper share, and every voice is carried through properly. Also, whereas Handel's fugues never extend beyond four voices at the most, Bach wrote five-voiced fugures in the Wohltemperierte Clavier and a six-voiced fugue on the Prussian theme given to him by Frederick the Great. Handel's fugues will never bear comparision with Bach's-Handel belonged to the order of musicians who considered that the time had come to dispense with the absolute and to put in its place the programmatic. He viewed the fugue with some contempt, and, so it would seem, the solo instruments upon which the fugue could be performed. Moreover, he was never completely at home when composing for a solo instrument. Âˇ When Handel first went to Hamburg in 1703, he was employed as second violin in a theatre orchestra. Tills position gave him the opportunity to study opera in some detail, and it is natural enough that he should begin to compose opera himself. In the latter half of 1704, he produced his first opera, Almira, which ran from 8th January until 25th February, 1705, and consequently, he composed Nero, which had a less successful run of three days. However, he later composed forty-seven more operas of greater or lesser merit. So far as is known, Bach never wrote an actual opera. However, he was not devoid of a sympathy for the operatic style; he took considerable interest in the Dresden operatic performances, and a number of his secular works, in dramatic form, still exist. Although the simple construction of the operatic forms seemed to him quite .inadequate for the realisation of his art-ideal, Bach's historical position in art can only be fully understood by regarding him, not as opposed to his music, but as accepting all that he could from it. The opera in Germany was, at that time, incapable of becoming a living musical drama; under the easier conditions that were offered in England and by combination with the forms of Italian sacred music, it became the oratorio, under Handel-while in Germany, it was developed into Bach's church music by the purification it was given by the national art of the organ. Thus it was, that Handel's oratorios were derived from the opera. Whereas Bach imposes humility, and a sacred nature upon his choral music, Handel often composed works in a high-spirited and almost frivolous frame of mind; "his Hallelujah Chorus is a chorus, not of angels, but of well-fed earthly choristers, ranging tier above tier in a Gothic cathedral, with princes for audience and their military trumpets flourishing over the full volume of the organ". Comparing Handel's Messiah to Bach's Mass in B minor, the aim fulfilled by both works is the artistic presentation of the essence of Christianity. The difference is that Handel viewed the subject from the historical, and Bach from the more limited doctrinal side. Though the latter was definitely more suggestive, as regards the depth of the world of feeling to be expressed, the former afforded an opening for a more intelligible 218

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dramatic treatment, which is no less pure in art. Considering Bach's method of approach to the aria Quia respexit humilitatem anci/lae suae, ecce enim ex hoc beatam me dicent omnes generationes in the great Magnificat, we have the words omnes generationes sung, not by the solo soprano but by the whole choir; the choral movement composed on these two words alone is not less deeply felt than the preceding aria, though it is conceived in a different way, as representing the entrance of an innumerable company of people moved by one and the same idea. It is characteristic of Bach that this idea is not cast in the form of a hymn of praise, as the preceding words might have suggested. This would probably have been Handel's method; but Bach, with his less subjective nature, represents only the idea of a great movement. Bach was not in his element with the secular cantata. These works belong to a class of chamber music, and have to impose the ease of the theatre upon the sacred style. It was from such works that the Handelian oratorio developed- so much so, that it is difficult to class a work such as Acis and Galatea in the class of either secular cantata, opera or oratorio. Handel aimed to embrace the full import of the ancient myths in works that were composed for the world of culture, while the purpose of Bach's secular cantata was to pay his respects to a particular person, and so delight a select company of people. T his situation was bound to arise: in England, Handel had the availability of the public concert to perform such works. The only place from which Bach's compositions could be heard was the church; and so he made use of many of his secular cantatas in the church, altering them only in points such as orchestration and transposition. Therefore it is obvious that, though secular cantatas by name, they lean strongly towards the church style, and it is consequently impossible to hold up Bach's chamber cantatas as models of their kind. Th.is proposition is illustrated by the example of Hercules in Indecision, which was set to words by Christian Henrici {Picander) for the eleventh birthday of the Electoral Prince, on September 5th, 1733. The characters in the drama, Hercules, Pleasure and Virtue, are well depicted, and the contrasts are sharper than in Handel's Choice of Hercules; the work has a wealth of idea. But as a whole, the work betrays a feeling which suits neither the subject nor the p urpose of the work. So it is not surprising that, with the exception of the final chorus and recitative, the whole wor k is fou nd transferred into the Christmas Oratorio, composed a year later. Bach's choral music always bears a distinct relation to its text. The structure of his musical phrase is usually identical to the structure of the poetic phrase. However, on the whole, Bach only took into account in his music the more salient features of the text, confining himself mainly to expressing the basic mood of it. In this principle, he differs from Handel, fo r whom the musical period of a long verbal passage consisted of separate sections, ingeniously connected; the verbal phrase, however, lost some of its natural form in accommodating itself to that of the music. A Handel ian phrase could be separated into a tone-melody and word-melody, whereas a Bach phrase would remain unbroken-his musical phrase being only his verbal phrase, recast in tone. Many of Handel's orchestral works, like his suites for harpsichord, attempt to produce a brilliant showpiece. H is major group of orchestral works, the Concerti Grossi, cannot be compared with those written by Bach, since they bear little but the name in common. Had Handel wholly avoided using Vivaldi's concerto-form in them, there would be nothing in common. Bach's Concerti Grossi, the Brandenburg concertos, are based upon Vivaldi's concerto-form-in the nature of three movements, generally marked allegro, andante and allegro (or presto); this three-movement form was sufficient to depict Bach's ideas. 219

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lie wished to display the contrast between the forceful solo instruments a nd the powerful tutti; consequently, the orchestration in Bach's concertos is very strong, and the wind instruments, in particular, appear in such force as had never been conceived by anyone before Bach. In the main, Handel adopted the Corelli sonata form for his Concerti Grossi. This was a four-movement form in the order, an adagio, a fugue in the same key, an adagio in an allied key, and a finale; this form also did not exclude the addition of further movements and even the dance types. The difference between the solo and tutti was merely a contrast between strong and weak tones on similar instruments. Handel did not find himself suited to the Vivaldi form, although he sometimes used it. Thus, the Concerti Grossi were hardly concertos in style, but were more of the nature of orchestral sonatas. A similar case is found in the Handel organ concertos. Here, the form of the movements is influenced largely by the sonata, a nd as already mentioned, Handel composed for the organ in a way which shows that he was considering it as a more powerful harpsichord. Handel did not take it upon himself to further any of the instrumental forms that were being developed at that time. He could only produce valuable instrumental works when he used a form that had already been more or less developed . Bach certainly appreciated the possibilities for the concerto form. It is found that, under the name of toccata, he wrote compositions for organ and harpsichord which exhibit the concerto form in perfection. Bach later clung to the idea, in his orchestral concertos, that the prominent part of the work should be a single instrument. In his harpsichord concertos, the harpsichord gradually gains more prominence, while the tutti sinks down into a mere accompaniment, and the string bass to a continuo. The most striking harpsichord or organ work exhibiting the concerto form is the Italian Concerto. Although Bach copied the idea for the opening of the work from a Sinfonia in the Florilegium Primum by Georg M uffat (composed in 1695), it is original in that it combined both sonata and concerto form; the Italian Concerto is, in some respects, the prototype for the modern sonata, in so far as the development within the movements was by episodes, and not by the part-treatment of a theme. However, it was not given to Bach to make the last step towards the attainment of modern sonata form.

Another point in which Bach and Handel differ is that of the proportions of their orchestras and choirs. The vocal music of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was such that each part of a chorus was often sung by a single voice, so that even a small orchestra outnumbered the singers. It seems that Bach was not as worried as Handel about this situation; he considered that the voice was of a rather abstract and impersonal nature, and regarded it as an instrument, having the power to apply words to the notes it gave forth. As such, we find the voice used in much of Bach's choral music. There are many examples of tllis instrumental property of the voice, as in "Gloria in Excelsis" in the B Minor Mass, and in the opening chorus of the Christmas Oratorio. The history of this latter chorus offers one instance where unity of tone-melody and word-melody might have been broken. As has already been stated, most of the secular cantata Hercules in Indecision (1733) was transferred to the Christmas Oratorio (1734). So the words of this chorus were changed from "Tonet ihr Pauken, erscha/let Trompeten! "- ("Sound all ye drums, and shout out ye trumpets")-to " Jauchzet, frohlocket, auf/"-("Christians be joyful!"). Since the music was composed with the former words in view, beginning with kettledrums and a fanfare of trumpets, it is thus not entirely suitable for "Christians be joyful". But the fact 220

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that Bach himself did not worry about such trifling incongruities is instructive, both in showing how "sacred" were his secular works, and also that in this instance, Bach was using the voice primarily as an instrument. Modern practice has given to the Bach choir a vast increase in numbers over its eighteenth cen tury counterpart; it was certainly not Bach's intention tha t th is development should have occurred in the way in which it has. In Bach's church music, the ruling factor, as far as there can be o ne, was not the voices, solo or choir, but the o rga n, which he conceived as being more powerful and flexible than either voice or instrument. Through the organ, he managed to overcome the difficulty of balance between voices and orchestra, by combining them with and through a third power. The numerical increase in the choir has tended to give a Ha ndelian approach to Bach's cho ra l music. Handel's oratorio style laid a stronger emphasis on the vocal factor, and the choir with which Handel performed his oratorios in England, although still numerically smaller than the orchestra, consisted of si ngers of greater technical ability than those in the German choirs, and their tone was thus much fuller. Also, Handel made much less use of the organ. So it was that the vocal prominence in his oratorios led, withi n a few years of his death, to a state in England where t he voices well outnumbered the orchestra. In Germany, however, the change was brought about more gradually, a change which tended to upset German oratorio in the latter half of the eighteenth century, simply because it did not suit the contemporary German church music, which was either by Bach or influenced by him. So, in the early eighteenth century, both Bach and Handel were attempting to rectify the balance between the choir and orchestra which had been established by Germa n choral composers in the seventeenth century. The different methods by which they approached this task gave rise to two antithetic styles, which, when compounded by later composers, produced rather unsatisfactory results. Some artists are subjective, some objective. Schweitzer tells us that the art of the former has its source in their personality; their work is almost independent of the epoch in which they Jive. Of this type was Richard Wagner. Although Wagner illustrates Schweitzer's point rather better, he might have given Handel as his example. H a ndel's compositions were not independent of the epoch in which he lived, but, as has al ready been said , he appealed to that part of the human nature which is independent of both natio nality and time. Th us, although Handel and Bach are contemporary in their lives, musically, they can not be considered contempora ry, and through this, the differences in their musical approach arise. Bach was an objective artist, wholly of his own time, and working only with the forms and ideas that were ava ilable during his life-time. H e took it upon himself to perfect on ly what he found in existence and through his genius, we may say that all musical styles and forms devised earlier than 1700 lead up to Bach and little comes from him. This is seen, for example, in the chorale, the chorale-prelude, and the cantata. The chorale had been in existence since the twelfth century (in one form or another); the choraleprelude which was comparatively short-li ved, was created by Bohm, Pachelbel, and Buxtehude- the cantata by Schutz. All these terminated with Bach. He endowed them with so much, that it would have been considered sacrilege to attempt a ny further improvement of these forms. It is probably of more consequence, that much of the musical world was, by 1750, beginning to look with some contempt upon the forms with which Bach wo rked . Why else shou ld Bach's works have been completely neglected for nearly a century 221

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after his death? Handel was in sympathy with such people. He attempted to create something new, but it seems that he found it hard to throw off the formal musical upbringing (such as it was) to which he had been subjected. If the argument that Handel was broader, Bach more profound, is to remain in force, it must not be taken to mea n that Bach restricted himself to only a few branches of the musical art. To Handel, the poetic aspect of the art was the chief object. Bach devoted himself to what was purely musical- Handel attempted to absorb into his personality that which was foreign, at the same time dedicating it with his genius. Handel was a realist. In general, his music was closely allied to life itself, more often than not being descriptive of life. H andel's compositions, regarded as a whole, form a portra it gallery and a vast supply of human emotion; however, it is often difficult to discover the purpose behind his music. For works such as Bach's Art of Fugue, the purpose in view is to depict all the possible aspects of the fugue, and thus the purpose is of purely musical significance (which, by generally accepted definition, is presumably true of all a bstract music) ; at the same time, such a work is based upon emotional contrasts, where the emotions are separated from material associations. Handel, the artist, was the same as Handel, the man. He loved gaiety, people, brilliance and pomp. All these are reflected in his music. On the other hand, Bach the artist was extremely modest; he felt no superiority over his fellow musicians. There is the story of a visit by Hurlebusch of Brunswick. This musician too k it upon himself to perform rather indifferently on the harpsichord in the presence of Bach, and, on leaving, presented Bach's eldest sons with a printed collection of his works, exhorting them to "study them diligently". Although Johann Bach knew that the sons had already studied compositions of far greater merit than those of Hurlebusch, old Bach smiled, and remain perfectly friendly to this rather pompous individual. Bach did not make what could be called a brilliant success in this world. H e had to educate and maintain many children out of a comparatively meagre income, and he was too occupied with his church business and his art to think of ways of furthering himself socially. H ad he travelled, he could have gained the admiration of the whole world ; but he thought of himself, not as Bach the great composer, but as Bach, the Cantor of the Thomas-Schule at Leipzig. If Bach invaded the Himmelreich, it was through his Einfachheit, a homely, religious simplicity in which he differs from H andel in his outlook on both the material and musical worlds. This is the essential source of the differences in musical thought between these two greac German masters, Georg Friederich Handel, and Johann Sebastian Bach.

R.I. B.

222

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THE OLD ARCHBISHOP'S HALL The opening of the Great Hall has aroused interest in the former Archbishop's Hall which stood across the south end of the Palace Court. Unfortunately there are scarcely any records to describe it; but it was definitely a very magnificent building. It was built in the early years of the thirteenth century, was rebuilt by Archbishop Parker, a nd was finally destroyed at the hands of the Parliamentarians in 1654. Its dimensions were 68 ft. across and between 130 and 160 ft. long. The porchway still exists, with a fine arch that is now bricked up, and is now the study of the Housemaster of Walpole. The width of the Hall can be measured precisely from this porch to the north wall of the Archbishop's Palace, the bottom of which was the original south wall of the Hall. One can still see, buil t into the Palace wall, the complete arch of one of the wi ndows, as well as another half wi ndow arch and a row of small arches near the ground. There is another window that is almost complete in Walpole. These windows are, for the period, of a complicated design at the top, the pattern inside being quite different from that outside. It is interesting that the nave windows of Bayeux Cathedral, which dates from the same period, have the same design and proportions. The length of the Hall is unknown ; although the eastern wall's foundations have been seen, it is not known how many bays of windows there were west of the porchway. The height of the roof must have been about 70 feet, the vertical walls, which were crenellated, being about 40 ft. high. When, during the fourteenth century, King Henry ill wished to build a hall in Ireland, the design of tllis Hall at Canterbury was recommended. The four knights who murdered Becket had to break through the Hall, by one of the windows. They had armed under the mulberry tree in the middle of the Court (the mulberry tree in the Archdeacon of Canterbury's garden, in the south-east corner of the Court, must be a descendant of this one); they found the Hall locked by the terrified servants, and since there was no other way through to the Cathedral, they were led by a traitor round to the south side of the Hall, where they climbed a ladder left by some workmen, broke into a window, and so reached the Cathedral.

AGONY IN THE GARDEN The trumpet wobbles unsteadily for the umpteenth time on its final flourish, and in a flurry of umbrellas half-a-dozen courtiers and an almost complete symphony orchestra group themselves gingerly among the scaffold poles. The producer turns up his coat collar, and the sub-plot retire tactfully under the trees. The rain drizzles to an uncertain halt, and the orchestra, which is by now almost complete, gravely produce their instruments. After a brief consultation the dirge begins at a steady tempo, until the arrival of a panting first violin, at which for no immediately apparent reason the music dies away. The Duke enters, gazes anxiously at the sky, the musicians, the court, the producer, the sub-plot, and the dripping throne, and reluctantly seats Jlimself. There is a distinct rustle of expectation among the musicians, the first line is over, and the next five are disarmingly obliterated by the renewed attack of the oboe, at slight variance with the flute. The music dies away, picks up with an effort, and fades again. "Enough, no more" comes at last and a beatific smile spreads itself over the face of the first viollns, who were in danger of finding the place before the Duke came to their rescue. 223

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the scene proceeds when with a clatter and a scarcely muffled oath a laden trolley lurches across the set. The raiding party has returned with six drainpipes, two fluted pilasters, a marble pedestal, three shiny rubber balls, a circular tin bath, a hammer marked " hammer", and another pillar for the cupola marked "cast-iron , breakable, made in Biggleswade". With a cry of joy the designer emerges from the dry in an elega nt plas tic raincoat and fingers the fluting. The court recovers its composure and awaits the arrival of Valentine, who, after a lengthy pause, is discovered to have gone to Chatham for a medical. " I can't hear", rings out through the drizzle. The Duke freezes in horror, the court makes for the cupola, the garden empties, as if by magic, of set builders, lookers-in, hangers-on and musicians, Sir Toby takes a p ull at Peste's bottle of port, Sir Andrew sinks to his knees in prayer. From the shadow of the Cloisters a figure, shrouded in black, with a sombrero in one hand and a penknife in the other, advances menacingly across the lawn. "Go on." The Duke brushes his hair from his eyes, clicks his fingers, and takes a deep breath .... "Oh, she that hath .... " " .. .. ttthhhh .... " " .... she thatt hatthh a heartt . . . ." " .... heartttt .... " " .... of that finne frammme .. .. " " .... mmmmmmm .... " The figure has by this time walked behind the Duke, and is driving him forward to a position in about the fourth row of the audience. "Go on." "To pay this debt . ..." "Lost your collar-stud or something? Look .... " The Duke is seized, painfully as the penknife is still open. "You' re playing to a deaf woman in the three and sixes ... ." "This is where I came in", whispers Malvolio softly. The figure inevitably hears. The Duke can feel the blood soaking down to the cuff of his shirt, but he manfully refrains from fainting. Act One, Scene One continues, with interruptions, for about forty-five minutes. Olivia and the Sea Captain finish the port, gin is produced. The Clown and Sir Toby leave for Paradise, Antonio for Whitstable, the Duke for Dr. Peck's Surgery, and the figure finally for his tea. It begins to thunder. Act One, Scene Two is moved to the Parry.

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WALKING PROSPECTUSES Visitors to the School will trust a boy's honesty. They know that he could never conceivably attempt to "sell" the School to them, that he would never attempt to conceal anything nor to display only the best. On this theory a select band are used by the office to tour the School with headmasters, gossip writers, Swedish courses, African chieftains, Egyptian educationalists, and all the other motley of the world who find their way to Canterbury. Sultans and sheiks however are sitting pigeons compared with parents. They proceed with a deceptive ai r of ingenuousness. We step out of Hodgson's Hall, and l wait for the inevitable lead. " Where's the Cathedral?" With one accord our gaze travels upwards. Jt stands grey and square in front of usÂˇ Embarrassment, laughter, protestations over, we walk slowly across the Green Court, as the second inevitable occurs, sometimes bemused ly, sometimes accusingly. " rf that's the Cathedral, where's the School?" A deep breath, not too noticeable: a smile, superior, but not too patronizing. "Most people wonder that. From about 1570 the School has been in the Mint Yard, and has spread more recently across the whole of the north side of the Precincts." If this has gone down well-and we have by this time stopped in the Godmersham Arch to admire the Great Hall-the first pleasantry can be exchanged. "Of course there is the odd canonical outpost left." This normally goes down in stony silence, but the Hall is always there to save one. Everything about the Hall is unquestionably "very fine''-to such a degree that one mother remarked to her husband as she was steered past the newest part of The Grange: "And I suppose this also is a 'very fine' building". The Hall and environs thereof are generally safe ground. The dangerous part is yet to come. I have for instance generally found it safe to extol the historical and hygienic qualities of a certain house (never again), until one day the party took it upon themselves to diverge from the regulation tour and make for the junior hall. We entered to fi nd stale bread piled high on ricketty desks, milk-bottle tops and litter strewn over the floor, and a general a ir of damp unhealthiness. The stunned silence was only broken by the precipitous entry of a skinny, emaciated, gym clad fag, who took one look and bolted. After another nervous silence, the mother with infinite female tact began to express admiration of the third rate paintings on the wall. On another occasion- and in a different House-we entered a dormitory to find a debauched boy stretched out on an unmade bed, surrounded by weapons of siege and illegal literature. Once more mother came to the rescue: "We mustn't stay. We might disturb the poor boy". The interval as we move from House to House is fraught with embarrassment. "What is the headmaster li ke?" . "Is it true about the Dean?" "Who is paying for the rest of the H all?" Some questions are unanswerable- "Will my boy get a Scholarship?" "Will the School pay his fare back home to Africa?" "Which school would you prefer to be at?" " Will my son have to go intoJessons,' if he's a Music Scholar?" I have now learnt the answer to one of these. When asked "What do boys do wit h all their spare time?" I now reply: "Well, I show parents round the School", 225

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P. G. REYNOLDS Mr. Reynolds' retirement will bring a note of sadness to generations of O.K.S. He seemed as permanent a fixture as Bell H arry itself. But he has reached the age of retirement and has earned a well-deserved rest. His memories of the School stretch back over 37 years, for he first joined the Staff in 1920, and he has served under three Headmasters-Mr. Latter, Mr. Birley and Dr. Shirley. In his early days-and he was a resident master till his marriage in 1928- School House and the Grange we re o ne huge H ouse, a nd apart from two boarding H ouses outside (Holme House and Langley House) the School was confined to the M int Yard. H e has thus witnessed all the great cha nges of recent years a nd indeed played his own part i n them. H e became a resident master aga in in J943 when he Look over Walpole House from Mr. R . Groves. This post he held for the next eleven yea rs a nd brought to Walpo le his own gifts of devotion, service, loyalty and commonsense.

It is impossible in so sho rt a notice to do justice to his many and varied activities-his teaching, his commanding of the Corps, his coaching of games, not to speak of his beekeeping and his violins- but it is safe to say that few members of the Staff have served the School with such conspicuous fidelity and enthusiasrp.. We wish him and Mrs. Reynolds, who has a special place in ou r hearts, a long and happy retirement. May they often be seen around the School they have loved so well.

D. STAINER Mr. Stainer's connection with the School is even longer than that of Mr. Reynolds, for he is an O.K.S. His impressions of life in Canterbury together with his experiences in World War I are dealt with in his fascinating book The Road to Nowhere. This book not only stamps him as an artist in language but also testifies to his whole conception of life and beauty. When he re-joined the School, as a master, in 1944, he o rganised the teaching of art in a way it had not been catered for before a nd many boys will have a n affectionate memory of the encouragement he gave them to find self-expression through this vital medium. No less remarkable was the attention he gave to Nature Study. His exped itions provided an endless source of interest to all those who took part in them, and indeed to many who d id not. If the schoolmaster's real job is to create interest and stimulate the imagination, then Mr. Stainer has done well by countless boys. This carries with it its own imperisha ble reward. Like Mr. Reynolds, he will still be close to the School and we hope to see much of him and his wife.

S.B-R.P. 226

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LIFE-BOAT TO THE RESCUE (This essay was awarded a prize by the Royal National Life Boat Institution as being the best essay received from schools in the South-East of England in the Institution's Essay Competition for 1956) During the summer of 1952, I and two of my friends had decided to take a boat for a fortnight, and go sailing from harbour to harbour on the South Coast of D evon. It was already over a week since we had started, and we were in the area around Bolt Head and Bolt Tail, which we later discovered to be a very treacherous piece of coastline. The boat we had was a 30 ft. Bermudian rigged sailing-boat, not a racing yacht by any means, but a boat which gave us our fair share of thrills during that holiday. The three of us could just manage her nicely, and we had soon got used to her weak points; for instance, she was very slow on going about. We were just considering where to spend our eighth night when we realised how near we were to Salcombe. I myself had been around this area before, and knew the coast-line well enough to steer us over the treacherous Salcombe sand-bar. At a bout 5 o'clock that evening, when the heat began to go from the sun, a great mackerelsky be,gan to spread. Peter, one of my two friends, was first to remark on them, and then I realised that they were approaching from the South-East, the treacherous quarter for the Salcombe area. From that time onwards I was only too anxious to reach Salcombe harbour. We had now decided to put in our first reef, so as to make things a bit easier for Robert, the other member of the party, who was on the helm. We were now off the Hamstone rock, a nd thus only about five miles from our intended anchorage. The weather was steadily worsening and instead of there being a mackerel sky, great black clouds were appearing from over the horizon. The wind had freshened considerably and was beginning to whip the tops of the waves, and at times water was being blown right back into the well. We all now put on our oilskins and did not want to waste any time in reaching Salcombe. We could now see Bolt Head, the headland protecting Salcombe, but were not yet near enough to pick out the coast-guard's station on the top. With the wind freshening so hard, it naturally brought the rain with it, and it wasn't long before the rain came, driven by the wind which was now getting on for a Light Gale, and soaked all the mainsail and sheets, making them all cold and difficult to handle. We were now making hardly any headway at all, because the rain cut down our visibility, and we could not alter helm so quickly to avoid shipping more water. We at least had some security on board, because, before we had started on our cruise, I insisted on having a compass on board, so the boat-yard supplied us with one. The one we had was reliable, and had room for a small lamp in the casing. The wind was still freshening and still Bolt Head seemed to us to be the same distance away as ever. The rain fell as if it would never stop and our party was feeling rather miserable. Perhaps not all of us showed it, but I think we were all getting rather anxious. The boat rolled and thumped down on the seas time after time and eventually things began to carry away; at first only little things such as the mop, a bucket, and, most important of all, the reefing handle, without which we could not shorten sail. Soon afterwards bigger things went, like the burgee. Serious trouble started when the continual crashing of the boat began to loosen the mast, and then, when the boat rolled, it weakened the halyards. We managed to struggle along fo.r another ten minutes after the mast became loose, but then the main port halyard 227

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parted near the mast. There was nothing we could do abou t it. So immediately I let go the main-sheet, and dived into the cabin for a flare, and let it off on deck. We were shipwrecked! We were in a helpless position, with ropes and bits of torn canvas strewn all over the deck. Then the boat went through a terrific wave, and of all things the mast collapsed with a crash on deck. The starboard halyard could not hold the strain any more. All we could do now was to try and keep off the rocks around Bolt Head for as long as we could. We preferred to go out to sea rather than be pounded to a complete wreck on the rocks. We did om best to pull down as much canvas as possible, to stop her from being blown on to the rocks any further, but still we gradually drifted on to what has been the end of so many vessels. The wind was of terrific strength now and it was almost impossible to stand up, so two of us went into the cabin to keep as warm as it was possible to keep, while the third tried to steer her head on as much as possible to the heavy seas which had now arisen. Suddenly there was a cry from Robert who was trying in vain to steer. We all rushed up on deck, expecting to see a rock in the bottom of the boat, but he was excited a bout something, and kept on pointing to the bottom of Bolt Head. "A light", he cried, "a light." Sure enough when our boat rose we could see a small light dancing about on the waves. "Flares", I cried, and Peter disappeared, to return like a faithful dog, with a flare. I let it off, and a few seconds later the light altered course, and also let off an answering flare. A few minutes later, we were able to distinguish the black silhouette of a boat, amidst the furious turmoil of the seas. It was the life-boat! We were saved. She was the Marie Parkhouse, life-boat from Salcombe, and came within a hundred ya rds of us, then went about and came in closer, close enough for us to hear her loud-hailer. "Prepare to catch a line", a voice from the life-boat cried out, and with the boat lit up, and a search-light shining on us, we could see the life-boat men bringing up from the forward cabin, the line-throwing gun. When they had set it out on deck, we heard a bang, and a thin line snaked across the water, and fell short of our stern by yards. lt was too windy for that, so the coxswain decided to chance bringing his boat right alongside our craft which was now an almost bare floating hull. The life-boat approached, its blue and red paint standing out clearly whenever the light shone upon it. We could hear the coxswain giving orders and the remainder of the crew stood ready to carry out their particular task. All were lining the starboard side of the lifeboat, so obviously the boat was going to turn and come up alongside against wind and rain. Tha boat steadily approached, and we cleared the rubble on our boat away from the bow and stern bollards, in order to receive the great loops which were spliced on the lifeboat's lines. We could hear the faithful throb of the lifeboat's engines, the calm voice of the coxswain as he gave his orders to the engineer, we could see the lifejackets the lifeboat men were wearing, and hastily we drew ours out of the locker and struggled into them willie the lifeboat came nearer and nearer until at last we were bow and stern to each other, and it did not take long for us to get a great strong rope around our bollards. The crew let some line out, and then we heard the coxswain give an order and the strain was taken on the hawsers as we were gently eased forward away from the rocks, which by this time were dangerously near, and out again into the greater seas which were not sheltered by the coast-line. As we withdrew from the rocks we were pulled closer to the lifeboat, so that we towed a bit better. We were now nearing the Tide-Race off Bolt Head, so we went as close to the rocks as was safe, and cut inside the terrific cross-current which runs about a mile offshore. We were now standing off Starhole Bay, where the Herzogin Cecile was finally wrecked, and were nearing the treacherous Salcombe bar, which was breaking right across the 228

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estuary this night, because of the exceptionally low tides at that time of year, known as the equinoxials. There was no way out: we had to get over the bar, to get into calm water. My two companions and I , just put our trust in the coxswain and hoped that he knew a safe way over, and sure enough, he zig-zagged this way and that in the front of the estuary and squeezed his way over with hardly any discomfort at all, compared with what we had been through. We were now in calm waters, and we took the opportunity of taking a general view of our craft. She was in a very poor state, the mast was lying on the deck with halya rds trailing in the water behind and the sai l just torn and st rewn all over the top of the cabin a nd the deck. The lifeboat had now reached its mooring, and supplied us with one. Then all went as hore, to be greeted by so many hundreds of people on the quays an d sea-front. We entered the lifeboat station and then gave in our names and the particulars of the boat and a ll the general information abou t insurances, which seemed to me to be more a matter of formality than anything else. We then asked where we could sleep for the night, and to our surprise came the wa rm-hearted reply that we were invited to spend a night or so with the crew, until we felt we could return to our base. T myself went off to stay the night at Roger Aggett's, the bowman, in the lifeboat, whilst the other two went off to the other end of the town with a Mr. Taylor who turned out to be a deckhand on board, and who was extremely nice. The next day, the crew, m ost of whom were boat-builders by trade, offered to help us tidy up our boat, so that it might be able to move without assistance. We were treated extremely well during our stay, and were shown a round the harbour in one of the local fishermen's boats, and the crew each pointed out thei r own boat of which they naturally seemed very proud. But life was not all luxury for us and we had other thi ngs to do more important than looking at boats, and that was to give formal descriptions and times of the wrecking of the evening of the storm. We were very glad to see another boat, smaller than o urs, also come in in a bad state, though not as bad as ours. We soon finished our formal duties, and once agai n went along to visit the crew who took us out in the lifeboat, over the bar, and round Bolt Head to the place where we were in distress. The seas were still not calm, but had s ubsided to those of the previous night's storm . Only then did we realise how near we had been to being pounded on the rocks. On the return trip we were shown all the equipment of a lifeboat: the engines in thei r grey water-proof casing, the line-throwing gun which had fai led us on the previous night, the wireless system, oars, anchors, winches, hatches and all the minor things such as knives and great rope-lockers. We returned to the moorings, left the lifeboat, and went ashore, where we were greeted by the owner of the boatyard from which we had hired our boat. All three of us were surprised to sec him so happy when he spoke to us, and then to surprise us even more, he congratulated us for having saved the boat, but we told him that if it had not been for the lifeboat's prompt action, it would not have been saved. We could now leave Salcombe and return home. We informed the crew of our departure, a nd thanked them for their hospitality, and also for turning out on such an awful night to risk their lives for ours. They all turned out the next morning on the station, and as the train d rew away we left them waving on the platform; but I shall never forget the terrible moments of disaster a nd panic we went through before the lifeboat brought security.

229

H ADFIELD,

THE CANTU ARIAN

HAYMAKING Dickens and A. G. Macdonnell between them have left very little to be said on the subject of village cricket. Dingley Dell and Fordenden are perfect creations-they entertain simply by recording what happens. Mr. Jingle and Mr. Harcourt may be drawn with a shade too much license, but not so the cricket. A season's hayma king with the school team is witness that every dog collar, every pint pot, every blacksmith, every inn back door, every six byes, represents the sober gospel truth. No thing is so uncompromisingly Typical, so disarmingly genuine, so idyllically Engla nd, as a village cricket match. It is far, far too good to be true. The villages take their cricket very seriously on the field, just as they take their refreshment very immoderately off. The wicket for instance is treated with a sacred pride far in advance of any regard for the thirteenth century wall paintings in the nearby church. It is cut and watered and rolled and marled to perfection, though, just to show that this is still the real thing, the outfield dips and rises under a veil of buttercups and dandelions as if a plough, not a mower, was used upon it. Kent seems by rights the home of village cricket- the nineteenth century prints of Cricket Week on the St. Lawrence Ground are, after all, only super-village-cricket. The marquees are more magnificent, the picnic hampers more sumptuous, the clothing more constricting, but it is Ba rham a nd Elham and Nonington and Sturry Âˇon any July afternoon in essence. Kentish cricket is serious, but not too stylish, leisurely but never dull. It allows time for wayward reflection and contemplation of the landscape, for there are few more restfully active ways of passing a Canterbury Summer tha n by pacing the long on boundary amid the scent of fool's parsley and newly cut grass, straw in mot1th and half-past six in sight.

DARKNESS Darkness is always huge; its home is the sky. Darkness always needs a little light: if! draw darkness, I feel I must draw a little light to live in the darkness, to fight it ; and the smaller, and the stronger the light in the velvet evening, the more alive is its little world in the darkness around it. Sometimes I want to be far away from darkness, but to watch it ; and sometimes I want to run into it, and think I'm trying to find God, a nd I know that if 1 wasn't looking for Him, I would find fear instead. I wonder if that's what they call faith? "And I said to the ma n who stood at the gate of the yea r: 'Give me a light that I may tread safely into the unknown'. And he replied: 'Go out into the darkness and put your hand into the hand of God.' " God's hand in the darkness is the faith and the courage which are inside you, and so the veil of the unknown is simply fea r. Nobody knows anything about darkness : I wonder if the unknown is in some way definite, or if it covers everything that we can imagine that W( don't know. If you could say, "There is death in darkness", you would begin to know something about darkness, although we don' t know very much about death. All we can say is that there is fear in darkness; because that is the essence of fear-something we cannot estimate. 230

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But sometimes I forget to be afraid, when the wind draws long purple streaks on the night sky and then tries to rub them out again with the little black trees that are so much bigger than I am: and the purple is sometimes unutterably far away, and sometimes close enough for the trees to almost touch it. And everything is vigorous and black and purple, and I'm very cold and very small, and I think of a song: something about all the stars in the sky And it makes the sea look small And two little people-you and IWe don't count at all.

HALLUCINATION ON A STORMY DAY The moor is deserted, Deserted and bare: And nothing is moving, The weather is clear, Too clear for fine weather And omen for worse: The bees are still humming Amid yellow gorse. On the hills rise the clouds Where before there were none: Like tendrils shoot beams From the now-obscured sun. The seagulls come crying In accents shrill : Come skimming the moorlands And over the hill. The cries of the seagulls Grow fainter still : All is left calm again, All, all is still. Can you see at the foot Of this grassy Tor A circle of maidens, A dozen or more Of fearsome appearance But mythic renown?These maidens are slabs Of pure granite stone I 231

THE CANTUARiAN

COME FORWARD TO ROW It all starts many weeks before- weeks of hard work and concentration, frustration and satisfaction, weeks when you give up almost all your spare time to row, sometimes in snow, sometimes in a heatwave, on a river which is barely wide enough to allow an Eight to turn, Jet alone practice side-by-side racing; even tlus needs a twenty-mile round trip by coach. At last the great day approaches, oars are polished, boats are cleaned and everything is loaded on to the lorry. The journey up is usually cheerful, the race is not near enough for nerves to get to work yet. On arrival there is the usual orderly chaos while boats arc unloaded and rigged and the subsequent practice outing helps to keep your mind occupied. By lunch-time everyo ne appears to be slightly quieter. As the afternoon drags on stupid thoughts start to race through your mind, "Why did I ever take up this stupid sport?-What did 1 find wrong with cricket?"-the great god Scared-stiff is getting to work. You try to see how the others are standing up to the ordeal; some start talking louder and louder without a break-just talking drivel to which not even they themselves are listening ; others get quieter and quieter, hiding in their own little shell, oblivious to the outside world. Like the convicted murderer walking from l1is cell for the last time you move off to the changing room. Someone cracks a feeble joke and everyone laughs nervously. Although you have eaten a resonable lunch, your stomach feels completely empty. The thoughts start again; "Only an hour, and the whole thing will be over." A small crowd of people watch as you take the boat out to the water; you hope that you don't look as nervous as you feel. At last everyone is in; you touch Mother Earth for the last time, and your coach pushes you out from the bank; "Have a good race, Good Luck." Under his outward mask of confidence, you can see that he also is caught by the same feeling; he has been in the same position so many times himself that he knows how you feel. You paddle down the course; there is no sign of the other crew; "Perhaps they have scratched and all the excitement was in vain" you think, surprised to find that you are genuinely disappointed. You stop for a minute to watch another race pass, and your stomach feels even emptier. The other crew are now in sight and you turn round above the stake-boats; you drift past and a man grasps your rudder. You look across at your opponents, now on their stake-boat; you do not hate them, for they arc on ly fellowsufferers; instead all your hate is directed against the fat little man in the too-small, offwhite trousers, the old blazer that will no longer meet and the faded little cap perched on the top of his greying head, who is now standing, megaphone in hand, in the bows of the umpire's launch. Last nlinute check that gates a nd stretchers are tight, last minute effort to control your stomach which is now literally shaking, and you are ready. The umpire now raises his megaphone; "Straight King's? Straight So-and-So? (Why the devil can't he get on with it?) "Come forward to row; I shall ask you once, Are you ready? ROW." 232

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There is a flurry of oars beside you and you suddenly realise that you have also started. You r thoughts during the race are difficult to describe; there is no thought of rowing for the School or trying to win that cup ; but that other crew is there trying to beat you, so yo u a re da rned well not going to let them. T he five minutes or so of the race might be five hours during a race, but eventually the end does come. As for the feeling of stepping up to receive your cup amid the clapping and cheers of an admiring crowd, well, I'm afraid that I can't describe it, because I've never won one. But I still say it's the maddest yet finest sport in the world . E.A.J .G.

THE JAZZ CONCERT On Sunday, 21st July, the School had its third jazz concert in the Parry Hall. This was a la rger concert than before and consisted of a jazz band, two skiffie groups and a rock 'n' roll band. There was a large audience of over 200 including visitors, a master and a mat ron. The Canterbury City Stompers started off with " Darktown Strutters' Ball", "Ain't Misbehavin" and " Oh, for a closer walk with thee"; all these numbers were of a relatively high standard. Solos were competent but only that of the guest artist R. Browne managed to single itself out from the general run of amateur jazz solos which we hear so much of today. The Skiffie Society Seven, which has only recently been formed, followed wit h four numbers ("The Ballad of Jesse James", "The Wreck of the Old '97" , "I shall not be moved" and "New Burying Ground"). These were performed with spirit, and the abili ty of Thompson, whose vocal technique was both competent and original, must be recorded. However, one cannot but feel that even more originality would be like a breath of fresh a ir to the limited repertoire of the skiffie world. The Dankie Browning Skiffie Men, who were very popular last time, started off with " Rock Island Line" and continued with two other favo urites. Their technique has mat ured with practice and it is very plain that they know wha t they are aiming for ; their timing is fault less and musicianship is progressing far beyond the range of the "three chord gu itarists". The Cradle Rockers provided a new line a nd played a repertoire of the old favourites including "Rock around the Clock" a nd "See you later, alligator". They were very popular and were cheered wildly; the solos of the electric guitar and saxophone were most creditable. As a whole, therefore, the concert was a great success and an improvement on the preceding ones; however, the usual fault of amateur music in the jazz idiom, that of lack of technique, was noticeable. The small number of musicians and the freedom of expression which jazz respectively necessitates and allows puts a far greater demand on the resources of the individual musicia ns than a ny other music; it is therefore unfair to expect fi rst class performances from a group of musicians who simply have not the time to devote to their music. The skiffie groups found themselves riding in the pocket of Lonnie Donegan for most of the way and the other bands lacked body a nd cohesion. However, the outlook is rosy, for the performers had the necessary spirit and also knew what they were aiming at; polish only is lacking in arrangement, execution, and showmanship ; and polish does 233

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not come easily to a jazz band. Microphone balance and more variation of tone and volume would also add much. B. Guard and R. Browne must be singled out for their solos which contained a great deal of all that is desirable. Traditionally, the finale was "When the Saints go marching in", played by all the bands; the improvement since the last concert was evident here and was eloquent comment on the future of jazz in the School. The bands were:THE CANTERBURY CITY STOMPERS: G. Tempest-Radford (trumpet), M. Finburgh (trombone), B. Guard (clarinet), I. Thompson (ukelele-banjo), I. Nicholson (bass), P. Barker (drums). THE SKIFFLE SOCIETY SEVEN: J. Nicholson (guitar, ukelele, vocal), I. Thompson (ukelele-banjo), P. Rawlings (guitar), J. Bennett (bass, bean-pod), N. Bennett (piano), P. Barker (drums). DANKIE BROWNING AND HIS SKIFFLEMEN: R. Browning (guitar, vocal), C. Hall (guitar), J. Matthew (ukelele-banjo), R . Stanway (bass), D. Stiles (piano), J. Mastin (drums). THE CRADLE RocKERS: R. Browning (guitar, vocal), B. Guard (saxophone), R. Stanway (electric guitar), D. Stiles (piano), C. Hall (bass), S. Price (drums).

CAMBRIDGE LETTER Dear School, Alumni of Cambridge cannot write the same lyrical prose about the summer term that Oxonians compose, for at Cambridge a ll prepare for examinations every year, so that, though not forgotten, the river, the sun and Ia femme necessarily feature less in life. The O.K.S. are still few in number at Cambridge, about 25 in all (several schools are better represented in one college than we are altogether), but one hears that more of you are aiming to join us in the future. Of these 25, one was awa rded a First, Anil Seal at Trinity, about three got "two-ones", while three others got Specials or Qualified for re-admission, an alarmingly high proportion. To make matters worse, colleges are ruthlessly making room for those who are not now doing National Service and at least one O.K.S. head has fallen. Of senior members, Cambridge has lost two very dazzling O.K.S., though their brilliance was indeed of different pigments. Professor Moule, Emeritus Professor of Chinese and Fellow of Trinity, who died in the early summer, was known more by repute than in person by most of us, but few men dominate their field of study as he is said to have done. We cannot believe that we have seen the last of Dr. Burgess- highlights of his last term of permanent residence protem. were a flight to Canterbury and a bathe in the river wearing very black very briefs. He leaves us for a lectureship at London University. Nigel Brown had his hands very full at the end of last term for not only was he organising Jesus' May Ball but also he had Dr. Burgess in his party. Nigel tells us (and can you blame us for being a trifle incredulous?) that a certain Lord S -- , a new-found benefactor, is paying for him to go to Connecticut with his wife to do medical research for a year. 234

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George Hamber and Mick Holderness are also going down to do medicine, George at St. George's. Brian McCleery is going over to Oxford to get a change of air and to do the Colonial course before a life's toil in Tanganyika, where for the record, David Woodrow lives and is spending his vac. In the seamy world of politics, Ian Orr-Ewing has been seen buying many a round of drinks. He takes up office as Treasurer of the Conservative Association next term. Having been in a Freshmen's Trial, both he and Tony Briggs have abandoned the river, but Pembroke still won the Ladies' Plate ! Bryan Phillips has lost his heart to Bruckner. Richard Holford has been buying new sulls. John Sales murmured something about Canada, but his mind may have been affected by his efforts as a coxswain in one of Lady Margaret's less serious crews. Ken Agnew has been doing quite a lot of work for the University Settlement in Bermondsey. Ken Wilkinson is a regular visitor to us from a neighbouring village where he works. The O.K.S. Dinner should really be held at Henley, for the numbers there were so great as to deserve mention even though nothing specifically to do with your Cambridge correspondent. Bill Southgate was in London's Grand crew, J. M. Browne was the first O.K.S. ever to be accepted for the Diamonds, Ted Strouts was rowing for Thames and Peter Moss for Clare, while Roger Symon was in attendance as a spare man for Lady Margaret (whose second boat he stroked in the Mays). From Oxford, Julian Bell stroked a good four rowing in Isis colours and Paul Roberts was with Corpus Christi. Most impressive of all, however, was Colin Porter who appeared to be coaching several boats including the winning National Provincial Bank crew. He must have cycled many hundreds of miles in pursuit of them. Add to these the very numerous O.K.S. who came to watch either their colleges or the School and the total is formidable. For many years the O.K.S. have been the guests of Dr. Budd and though rather terrified by the proportions of the refreshment provided by his excellent Scandinavian Maid, we owe much of what we know about one another to our meetings at his house. We apologise for not having news of all of us, but we doubt whether your interest has been sustained even as far as this! THE O.K.S. CANTAB.

23$

'fHE C ANTUAR1AN

BIBLICAL ENGINEERING

CLUES DOWN

C LUES A CROSS

I. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11 . 12. 14. 15. 17.

1. Some cars a re designed to be. 2. Ungodly mechanical device condemned by Jeremiah. 3. Formula for an ill-bred policeman ' valued highly by Ezra. 4. " And their nobles with links of-- " (Psalms) . 5. Biblically various; cars have two. 7. Sanhedrin , " harden not yo ur hearts" or you might! ' 8. Evidently used manually ; a primitive cooltng system? 10. Demonstrated by Saul with a javelin . 12. Aaron kept this in his breastplate. 13. Thes~ h.ad n~ither boat nor dog, but theuÂˇ mtei!Jgence was astronomical. 16. The last half (abbreviation).

Required of Confirmands in 1662. Pioneer of the Shipbuilding Industry. And others like it, presently. Presumably relegated to one of the twelve baskets ! Gad, what an origina l na me for an altar Reuben! Scottish E va ngelist. Might be better translated "from" in the N icene Creed. Pitcher, ewer, water-pot, and basin are all mentioned, but not this. Hira m an expert in pneumatics? Wife of Heber. Biblical Trades Unionist.

For solution see page 240 CAR-BIRETTA

236

THE CANTUARIAN

BOOK REVIEWS A Time to Keep Silence. By Patrick Leigh Fermor. (John Murray.) In this small volume of 95 pages the author writes of the history of the two monasteries in Normandy in which he has stayed, of the fa r from common round of the monks' days and nights, a nd of the purpose of the monastic life. In a brief chapter he also describes the strange rock monasteries abandoned in the wildernesses of Cappadocia, where monasticism was first instituted by St. Basil in the fourth century. Leigh Fermor's fi rst experience of a life so remote from that of the world of to-day was in the Benedictine Abbey of St. Wandrille de Fonta nelle. He did not seek its shelter from any devotional impulse-the book is the more compelling in that he was no stranger to a plain incapacity for belief. He went there in search of somewhere quiet and cheap to stay while he continued to work on a book he was writing ; and he fou nd there something more enduring than "somewhere quiet to stay". The history of St. Wand rille and of La Grande T rappe, and the description of the life of the monks and its impact on himself, are intensely interesting; the richly coloured picture of the daily High Mass, gaini ng every moment in splendo ur, is intensely beautiful; but what remains in the reader's mind most firmly is the writer's plain statement of the purpose for which monaste ries were built and for which many of them have endured through the centuries, and of the means by which this purpose is pursued. The Benedictines are not organised for such tasks as healing or teaching o r preaching, but solely fo r the exercise of meditation and prayer and worship. For such exercise St. Benedict la id down his stringent Rule that his followers might have no chains to fetter them to the world, and that they might be free to devote themselves to their continual and endless intercession for the salvation of mankind. " They have foresworn the pleasures and rewards of a world whose values they consider meaningless; and they a lone have as a body confronted the terrifying problem of eternity, abandoning everything to help themselves and their fellow-men to meet it." In their answer to this self-imposed challenge we sec the light and peace and happiness which have been the essential attributes of the cloister since the days of St. Basi l. This "peace of mind- a kind of divine ravishment" Leigh Fermor found even in the deep si lence and frightening austerity of the Mo nastery of La Grande Trappe, the fountain-head of the Cistercian Order of the Strict Observance. The Trappists not only labour for the salvation of man through the massive force of prayer and worship; they also take upon themselves a vicarious and never-ending penance for the sins of the world. " A Cistercian cloister is a workshop of intercession and a bitter cactus-land of expiation for the mountains of sin which have accumulated since the Pall." The reader cannot but compare the perplexity and uncertainty of the author as he looks back on the life of that " hushed and wintry solitude" and the thoughts of Robert Louis Stevenson in the dark watches of the night in the Monastery of Our Lady of the Snows in the Cevennes: "And I blessed God that I was free to wander, free to hope, and free to love." But Stevenson is perhaps too whimsical a writer for this theme, and in this book there is a deeper understanding. The writer can understand how St. Basil rejoiced at coming to rest in his Cappadocian monastery and could not endure to wander more. He can feel too the overwhelming hope of these dedicated men. And love? He once asked a monk of St. Wandrille to sum up in few words his way of life: " He paused a moment and said, 'Have you ever been in love?' 1 said ' Yes.' 'Eh bien,' he said, 'c'est exactement pareil'.'' There is too in this book a motif of sorrow- sharper than the regret of an a ntiquarian- for the emptiness and derelictio n of so many monasteries, whether in the 'elegiac sadness' of the Cappadocian wastes or in the ruins of the a bbeys in our own land, where prayer has once been valid, and where "we have only to close our eyes for a second for the imagination to rebuild the towers and pinnacles and summon to our ears the quiet rumour of monkish activity and the sound of bells melted long ago." And in the end St. Basil's quiet benediction of sixteen hundred years ago is recalled, and "while the daylight vanishes from these northern hayfields, it is a simi lar blessing, an ancient wisdom exorcising the memory of the conflict and bloodshed in the intervening centuries, that brings its message of tranquillity to quieten the mind and compose the spirit."

s.s.s.

Canoeing Down/he Rhone. By J ohn Wilson. (Chapman and Hall, 12/6.) Discussions about suitable places for summer holidays often seem almost as futile as arguing whether England would have won the Third Test Match if May had declared an hour earlier. In conversations about both topics it is difficult to evade vague ideas and to adopt a realistic attitude. In discussions about prospective holidays the must-get-away-from-towns-man longs for Arcadian landscapes, the can't-goanother-year-to-Blackpool-or-Brighton-man has nebulous ideas of an original holiday which he can talk 2~ 7

THE CANTUARIAN about all winter in the club, and the must-keep-up-a-good-appearance-man desires a holiday on the Riviera, but cannot afford to live fabulously in a first class hotel there for more than a week. For all such frustrated holiday-planners Mr. Wilson has proposed a solution: that of spending a holiday travelling down a river in a canoe. Mr. Wilson's attitude to canoeing is purely amateur. He says that for the ordinary person canoeing is simply another way of messing about in boats, and he claims that a canoe can give anyone from fifteen to fifty the chance of an entirely new kind of holiday which is neither expensive nor unduly strenuous. Two of his party had, in fact, never been in a canoe before this trip; and at no time were ever in the least danger or difficulty. For Mr. Wilson, as for most of us, water has a natural fascination, and has shown in his book the great enjoyment which can be gained from travelling on water, especially when a fast and favourable current gives the traveller little scope for work. Mr. Wilson's party, consisting of himself, his wife and two friends, went in two fo lding canoes, which have the advantage of providing few transport difficulties. They camped fo r all the evenings except one; but Mr. Wilson claims that hotels for the night could be a lmost as inexpensive and considerably more comfortable. The party started canoeing from Lyons and took nine apparently leisurely days to reach the sea, where they had a six days' holiday and were acclaimed as either heroes or mad Englishmen- more frequently the latter. To sustain the reader's interest the author of a book on such a topic has to exploit every event or situation to the utmost, if not exaggerate it; and this Mr. Wilson has admirably succeeded in accomplishing. The book is primarily concerned with the journey itself, but Mr. Wilson also devotes space to describing his impressions of buildings and landscapes in a manner which never seems hackneyed or guide-bookish, but is refreshing because the opinions expressed seem original, although perhaps not a lways well-founded. Mr. Wilson also naturally enlivens the reader's interest with some 'Three Men in a Boatish' humour. In fact his delightful stories of the misfortunes or irregular behaviour of the crews seem more than reminiscent of Jerome K. Jerome, since they are written in almost the same style. These passages must have encouraged many a reader to continue for 'just a few more pages before going to bed', until the end of this comparatively short but irresistible book is unintentionally reached. Certainly for the reader who has had little experience of either the Rhone or canoeing the humorous stories help to make the journey seem a reality. For such a reader Mr. Wilson provides an appendix which gives helpful information about folding canoes, which contains sketch maps and descriptions of interesting foreign rivers which present little difficulty to the amateur, and which forms a useful supplement to his many practical remarks in the text. Interest is so well aroused by Mr. Wilson's account of his journey, that the reader without hesitation plunges into the appendix for further informat ion, which is surely certain proof that Mr. Wilson has at least achieved his aim in writing this book.

I.A. C.

THE LIBRARY We acknowledge with gratitude books presented to the Library by the following:- Miss A. Hardy Sir Theodore Adams, Messrs. J. de V. Allen, A. Dickson Wright, N. B. J . A. Pitt, R. H . Gower, P. C. lawless, The Headmaster, and Messrs. R. K. Blumenau and E. R. C. Darlington.

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THE CANTUARiAN

CHOIR NOTES This term has undoubtedly been the climax to a very great year of singing for the Choir. Despite the many other musical commitments of the season, it has maintained its achievement of singing two anthems each Sunday. Furthermore, the standard of performance of these anthems has been remarkably high throughout the year, a fact which reflects the tremendous inOuencc of our Choirmaster, Edred Wright, on his pupils. To him indeed must go our most sincere thanks for a wonderful year's singing. [tis only right that a special mention be made here of the fact that nearly all of the music that w~ perform is borrowed from the Cathedral music library a nd that we owe a ll our thanks to the Cathedral Organist and the Precentor for their patience and kindness. Without the usc of their music we should more than often be at a complete loss. Perhaps one day we shall be able to form our own Music Library with sufficient anthems to meet the needs of an ever-improving Choir. I would like to say a few words about the Choir's part in the " June 12th" festivities. Though the C hoi r as a whole did not perform on that day, a small group of it was asked to sing a grace to the Queen Mother at lunch-time. And so accordingly a grace was sung- Laudate Nomen by Christopher Tye. The Queen Mother afterwards expressed the wish that the boys involved should be thanked for the beautiful singing. It was the only music of the School she heard! M.D.D. The Choir Notes in recent issues have been compiled by "M.D.D ." He can hardly record in this issue all that the School owes to him for his indefatigable w0rk over t he past few years. H is tremendous enthusiasm, calm efficiency and skilful organization has embraced every aspect of the School's singingChoir, Choral Society and Madrigal Society. He has seen the Choir more than double its numbers during the last two years, and, somehow or other he has managed to put into the choir stalls every Sunday far more people t han they were ever designed to hold. Similarly, in some mysterious way, he has displayed a gift for making 25 copies serve 90 boys, without causing friction- no mean feat. His musical abilities have, o f course, played a very large part in whatever success the Choir may have achieved and they will be sorely missed. Deller leaves us for St. JohnÂˇs College, Cambridge, where he has been awarded a well-merited Choral Scholarship. He goes from us with our grateful thanks and warmest wishes for his future career. E.W.

1 ANTHEMS P ERFORM ED SUM MER T ERM, 1957 Blessed be the God and Father (Wesley) This Joyful Eastertide (arr. Wood) 0 taste and sec (Vaughan Williams) I know that my Redeemer liveth ("Messiah"- Handel) Arise in us (Martin Shaw) Ye choirs of new Jerusalem (Stanford) 0 worship the Lord (Travers) Holy, H oly (Gretdwninoff) Glorious is T hy name (Mozart) How lovely are the messengers (Mendelssohn)

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Teach me, 0 Lord (Byrd) Jcsu, Word of God (Mozart) How lovely is thy dwelling-place (Brahms) My soul, there is a country (Parry) 0 for a closer walk with God (Stanford) Rejoice in the Lord (Purcell) 0 come, yc servants (Tye) Let all the world (Chapman) Hail, Gladdening Light (Wood) [ was glad (Parry)

THE CANTUARiAN

TBE ART, PRINTING AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITIONS Blatant bias is a miserable thing, present in nearly every school magazine. Time and again we read, "the marbles team had a splendid season; they lost every match, but .... , but . ... , however we hope to do even better next term". But it can be said with perfect justice that both the Art Competition and the Printing Exhibition attained a very high standard both in the excellence of their presentation and in the originality of their contents. Originality was indeed perhaps the keynote, for how many of the great masters would have been capable of producing a working model of Frankenstein? The bewildered visitor, still trembling from the shock of having seen this monster, is further unsettled by the presence of full-scale boats, of weird paintings, of guided missiles on stilts, of Assembly Halls hacked from blocks of salt, of a painting of a horse en titled "a cow", of frog's insidesthe witches' cauld ron Boats and then gains concrete expression before his very eyes, and the minues marks-one of the most sought after distinctions in the Competition-awarded to two well-known Houses come as no surprise. But "originality" was not just a cloa k for lack of sktll : several of the more orthodox paintings showed an excellent grasp of techniques, ranging from Pointillisme to architectural drawings executed with the most exact and loving attention to details. The visitor cannot but leave with the feeling that he has seen something a little more than unusual and essentially vigorous. There was also an unique quality about the Printing Exhibition. Even the directing posters were distinctive with orders to visit "the Exibition"- an interesting attempt to purify the English language. Once inside with the titles "sensation sweet", "come unto me", and "frustration", following directly upon one another (inspiration from Wordsworth or experience?), there was no time to relax. In the Photographic Exhibition the three dimensional effects of one entry and the directions as to which was the top and which the bottom on the back of another proved beyond doubt that in this field, too, a lively spirit reigns. The visit was a notable experience. C.C.W.A.

SOLUTION TO "BIBLICAL ENGINEERING"

Across.-1 , Catechism ; 6, Noah; 7, Soon; 8, Fin; 9, Ed ; 10, Ian; ll , of; 12, Urn; 14, Tyre; 15, Jael ; 17, D emetrius. Down.-1, Converted; 2, Trap; 3, Cu ; 4, Iron ; 5, Mainfolds; 7, Sin; 8, Fan; 10, Ire; 12, Urim; 13, Magi ; 16, N.T. 240

THE CANTUA RIAN

THE SOCIETIES THE HARVEY SOCIETY Presicellt : F. STANGE R, EsQ. Secretary: R. J. B AKER

SUMMER TERM, 1957 It is normally assumed that the Summer Term is not the best one in which to arra nge lectures and ou tings; howeve r. despite numerous counter-attractions. the attendance at o ur meetings has been adequate and those who have attended regularly have been amply rewarded fo r their en thusiasm. The fi rst lecture was given by O. C. Fletcher o n " Artificial Eart h Satell ites". Since this is a topical subject, there is not much releva nt literatu re ava ilabl e, a nd his wea lth of knowledge was therefore amazing. On June 6t h, Mr. A. A. Appleton of the Esso Pet roleu m Co., Ltd., gave a ta lk on "Chemicals from Petrol eum". T his is a branch of the petroleum industry which is becom ing increasin gly import ant, as was illustrated by the fi lm entit led "The World Natu re Forgot", made by Monsanto Chemicals, Ltd. On 22nd June, A. G. Robiette gave a talk on " The Ex tractio n of Rare Element s". He cove red the met hods of extracti ng many rare meta ls, such as gold, sil ver and pla tinum , as well as several non-meta ls such as silicon. The last lecture of the te rm was given by Mr. J. H. Plumptre of lhe National Coa l Board, at Dover. His subject was "The General Methods of Coal Mining", an d the talk was ill ustrated by a film ent itled Developing a Mille. On 2nd July, the Society visited the paper mi lls of Will iam Howa rd and Son, Ltd., at Chartham. We were courteously received, and spent an interesting afternoon seeing the whole process by which paper is made . R.I.B.

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY The Summer Term is more suitable for the actua l taking of photographs than for processing them; and this can be seen from the number of prints received fo r the Exh ibition. However. the darkroom has been well used, particularly after June 12th. later in the term , examinations reduced ou r activities. At the principal meeting of the Society we heard a very learned and intercst ing talk from W. L. Entwistle, Esq., who, after talking on filters, answered many questions of photographic importance. An ou ting and a series of lectures have been arranged fo r next lertll . At the time these notes were compiled final arrangements were being made for the Photographic Exhi bitio n during King's Week. B.D.F.

THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY Ea rly in the term P. W. Hope-Jones kindly lent the Society some films from Kenya wh ich attracted a very good audience. They dealt with the growth , development and future of the colony and proved most instructive. The Society maintained its intent ion by aga in vis iting Hothfield Common, Nea r Ashford, for its termly outing. HothfieJd has been visited twice in the last yea r at completely different times and observations carried out here have undoubtedly proved valuable grounding fo r "Botany Advance Level" work. The Com mon has an acid soil and provides a typical select ion of acid soil plants, rat her unlike the chalky environment which was visited later in the day where five species of orchids were found. Thi s caused a great dea l of excitement among the more competent botanists. J .B.

THE MARLOWE SOCIETY The Marlowe Society has met only once this term; but this was a meeting of except ional interest. O. R. F. D avies, havi ng introduced many mcmbers of the School to Chekov with his production of The Seagull earlier in the year, now read a most thorough, lively and scholarly pape r on him. It was liberally illust rated with scenes from the plays, beautifully read by those othe r lights of the Linacre stage, J. P. Roche, J. I. R. Thompson and J. O. Underwood. The evening gave us a better understanding and appreciation of the $\lbtleties of this great Russian dramatist. 24\

THE CANTUARIAN

THE PATER SOCIETY With most of its members struggling to secure the favour of the Oxford and Cambridge Board of Examiners, the Pater Society's meetings this term have been addressed only by those free from such exacting activities and have, therefore, made up in quality for what they lacked in quantity. On May 18th Mr. Mackintosh, in a forthright and witty paper, compared the members of the administrative department of the Civil Service to the "Guardians" of the Platonic State. He emphasized t hat the fo rmer's lack of great wealth answered Plato's criteria for a guardian and suggested that, although they did not acquire as much honour as a guardian, their power was considerably greater than might appear a t first sight. Mr. Cecil Hodges, a distinguished Civil Servant of the administrative department, replied that the reform of the Civil Service had been made in the interests of efficiency rather than as a check on democracy and that although a Minister could not devote his personal a ttention to all the work of his department, his policy was always the governing one. On June 22ncl Professor Rona ld Syme gave the Sixth Form an extremely erudite lecture in which he questioned the traditiona l picture of Tacitus, compared him to a novelist a nd illustrated the connection between history and poetry in the "An na ls". The highlight of the lecture was a quotation from the Tenth Book of Marcus Aurelius' Meditations, which was made in a somewhat tentative tone. After the lecture, senior members of the Society met in the President's room for furth er acquaintance with the lecturer. On Saturday, June 29th, J. P. Roche read an interesting paper on Euripides. Stressing the fact that his author was a humanist, he illustrated his portrayal of human passions and relationships and made a successful comparison between Euripides and modern dramatists. A talk, enlivened by frequent readings from Euripides' plays themselves, did much to prove his point that Euripides is under-rated beside the other Attic tragedians. After the paper, the modern classicist's approach to Greek Tragedy was subjected to a violent onslaught from 0 . R. F. Davies which was repelled with equal vigour by Messrs. Mackintosh and Wilson. A suggestion that Pater Society notices be posted in Greek has been rejected. Once again we are extremely grateful to Mr. and Mrs. Wilson whose hospitality has perpetuated a high standard of attendance at Society meetings.

R.M.H.

THE FARMING SOCIETY For the past two terms the Society has not had an Hon. Secretary; consequently little has been done. Now, however, the situation looks more promising and the younger generation are rising to take the place of the older ones; we now have forty members. fn the Lent Term a series of parties made up of six people paid some very interesting visits to the Canterbury abattoir. Later o n that term a large party visited Wye College, to whom we are very grateful for entertainment. In the Summer Term a visit to Smedley's cannery proved extremely interesting. Unfortunately the visit to Mount's nurseries had to be cancelled owing to the weather. We a re most grateful to Mr. Wilkinson and Mr. Stainer for taking such an interest in the Society.

THE MADRIGAL SOCIETY This last term has been a very full one for the Madrigal Society. Two major concerts have given us much hard work, and though there have been many other activities involving people in this King's Week, we have managed to hold rehearsals fairly regularly. It must be added that attendance at these rehearsals has been excellent and we can only hope that the admirable keenness shown at the present in the Society wi ll continue in the terms to come. Our first work this term was a contribution to the Choral Concert which opened King's Week this year. In this concert we performed the Brahms' Liebeslieder Wai/Zes for voices and pianoforte duet, played beautifully for us by Mr. David Lawrence and Mr. Robert Scott. These delightful songs provided us with several hours' enjoyment. When not rehearsing these, our time was well occupied learning a completely new programme of madrigals for the Serenade in the Cloisters, a concert which has now b~ome an annual f(:ature of Ki n~'s Week.

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THE CANTUARIAN This term, unusually, has seen the addition or a treble, D. L. M. Thomas, to the Society, and he has proved himself most useful. But the Summer Term is really one in which we have to say good-bye to some of our members. This year we are losing some people who have been with the Society for several years. From our very strong bass line we say farewell to Anthony Agnew and Hed ley Brown, two singers whose services will be greatly missed, and also to Dr. Dodd, who has been singing with us for the past two years and whose versatile talent will be a great loss to the School's music in general. We shall be losing Peter Nicholson this term, who has now for some tin1e (on and off) been a valuable member of our tenor line, and to complete the list, I myself am leaving. The Madrigal Society has undoubtedly provided me with some of the most enjoyable hours of my life, and it will indeed be some time before I again derive so much pleasure from any musical gathering. It is a flourishing society, and one of which the School should be justly proud, and I hope that its present members will do all they can to show, by their continued high standard of performance, that madrigals provide J10t only much enjoyment for the singer but also for the listener, and that 16th century music is really quite as attractive as that of the 19th century. With a musical genius in Edred Wright as t heir conductor, they can hardly fai l to do a ll this, and much more. M. D. D.

THE SOMNER SOCIETY At the first meeting of the term, the Ho n. Treasurer, M. G. Sayer, gave a talk on Rye, Winchelsea and Bodiam Castle, which served as a preliminary guide for those going on the Society's annual expedition on Ascension Day. The talk was excellently prepared, and the description of the places of historic interest in Rye was especially vivid and interesting. On Ascension Day, twenty-five members of the Society went by coach on the annual expedition. The coach first stopped at Brookland Church in the Marshes, which the Vicar very kindly showed the Society round. The most notable feature of the church is its quaint detached fifteenth century timber bell-tower. The treasure of the interior of the church is the Norman lead font, which must be one of the finest in England. It has two tiers of arcading round the bowl, the upper showing the Signs of the Zodiac and the lower the Occupations of the Months. At Rye, the Society first visited the church, which contains architecture of the Norman, Transitional, Early English and Perpendicular periods, and was thus full of interest to study as a composite whole. The windows, which are all fairly recent in date, arc unusual, but few except the Burne-Jones window succeed in satisfying the visitor. One of the ladies of the church kindly allowed the Society to climb the tower, from the battlements of which one can gain a fine view of the town and the Marshes. The Society then visited the Yprcs Tower, which was built by Henry IH and is now used as a museum. After wandering round the town, past the beautiful Mermaid Inn and through the Land Gate, the last remaining town gate, the Society proceeded to Winchelsea. At Winchelsea the magnificent church was visited, of which only t he Choir remains. T he main features of its interior are the beautifully moulded Gothic arches, t he fine Med ieval tombs, and the very striking, a lthough perhaps excessive, modern stained glass windows. The coach then took the Society to Bodiam Castle, which was built in c. l385, and which must be one of the most beautiful castles in the South of England. Lord Curzon, who excavated the castle, filled the moa t with water, which had been dry since the castle fe ll into ruin. From the exterior most of the castle, except the barbican and approach, appears complete, and much of the walls of the interior still survive. The castle is in a magnificent setting and proved to be an admirable culmination of a very successful expedition. The Society excavations on the Field Classrooms site were finally filled in at the beginning of June, after large amounts of pottery had been found in the earlier Roman levels in the pit in the centre of the grass. A silver coin, which is as yet unidentified, was found at a depth of six and a half feet. Something which seems to be a Roman marble-a spherical object made of marble-, a copper nail and a considerable amount of Samian pottery were the main objects of interest found this term. What appears to have been a small Roman, or perhaps later, pottery kiln was found at the south end of the trench, which may account for the large amount of crude pottery found at a distance of about fifteen feet from it. The hole in the city wall extends for a few feet on the West side of the eighteenth century garden wall, and there still seems no reason to disbelieve Mr. Jenkins' suggestion that it may be a Roman sally port. The Society would like to take this opportunity of thanking the Dean and Chapter for giving permission for the excavations, Dr. Urry for supervising them, and Mr. Jenkins for technical advice. At a meeting held in t he last week of term, on the resignations of I. A. Campbell as Hon. Secretary and M. G. Sayer as H on. Treasurer being accepted, M. J. Price and T. J. Stevens were elected Hon. Secretary and Hon. Treasurer respectively.

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THE

C ANTUARlAN

C.C.F. NOTES ROYAL NAVAL SECTION Much of the activity of the Sect ion this term has been directed towards the General Inspection, in which displays of instruction in seamanship and signalling were given, and towards o ur part in mount ing the Royal Guard of Honour. There has also been sailing at Whitstable, and we have had a most interesting naval a nd scientific film show, and an illustrated lecture on the sinking or the Bismarck by an officer who took part in the action. In add it ion, a party visited a nd much enj oyed seeing the remarkable collection of relics of Nelson owned by Dr. C. E. Etheridge, M.B.E. Field Day was spent on seama nship training at Chatham in the forenoon, fo llowed by a matinee performanceof the Royal Tournament, at which Portsmouth Command celebrated our presence by breaking the record fo r the Field G un run. This broke fresh ground, and was both enjoyable and rewarding. This term we say good-bye with regret to Mr. .Biumenau, who has added colour and distinction to our Morse instruction Âˇin recent years, a nd to Cadet Petty Officer Balkwill, who is succeeded as Cadet Petty Officer-in-charge by J. C. G unner. D.W.B.

THE ARMY The event of the term, for the Corps, has of course been the mounting of a Guard of H onour for Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, and thanks to the devoted work of R.S.M. Herbert, it seems to have received general approval. Certainly for those taking part, it was a great pleasure and honour. Of the more no rmal activit ies, the Annual I nspection, by Brigad ier J. W. F. Parry of The Buffs, Deputy Commander of Home Counties District, was carried out successfully, and he expressed himself as pleased wit h the turn-out and keenness of the Cadets, a nd gave us a most interesting short talk afterwards on the impact on the C. C. F. of the abolition of National Service, saying that the War Office, as a resu lt, gives cadet tra ining a somewhat higher priority than before, and that, whatever modifications in syllabus may be made, the a im of training for leadership will still remain. Fo r the first time the School has sent a team to His ley to compete in the Ashburton and other competitions; we did quite respectably considering that it was o ur fi rst year there, and were about 70th o ut of 95 in the Ashburton, and well onÂˇ the bottom in the others. What is very promising is that the Cadet Pair (under 16) were 31st out of 83, and the N inth Man (A. D . T. Marshall, a lso under 16) covered himself with glory by coming second out of 95 and bringing home o ur first medal: may it have many successors! With all this going on, it was not particularly surprising that the Certificate " A", Part 11 , results were poor : maybe with insufficient training they should not have been put in at all, but some at any rate passed. The R .A .F. Section is no longer going to take Cadets before they have passed Part Jl , and in fut ure two terms only will be taken over Part 1, and three will be given to Part IT ; this, without increasing the total of five, sho uld give better results in Part If. Furthermore, every cadet taking Part rr sho uld have been to Camp once, or to a Junior Leaders' Course in January o r April if he is not free in August; either of these will greatly increase the likelihood of his passing. Wh ich brings me to the point that a contingent at Camp of sixty o r so is not worthy of a school of this size, and in a letter to the parents of next term's recruits- itself an innovation-! have asked them to be prepared to let their sons come to Camp twice during their service. T his will be once before taking Part H, and again before gett ing a third stripe. If, as we hope, increased storage facilities for uniforms make it possible to take in every boy over fifteen, that will mean in general two camps in four years, which cannot be called excessive. All members of the Contingent wi ll greatly regret FI/Lt. Prior's decision that, owing to pressure of work as a housemaster and in o ther ways, he must resign from the command of the R.A.F. Section. He founded it when the Combined Cadet Force was first formed in 1948, and has run it ever since, and the Contingent as a whole will not be quite the same without him. We shall also miss Mr. Lindesay very much, but Mr. Sadler is coming in to help with the Army Section. Certificate "A" .- On 25th and 27th June, 59 Cadets took Part I , of whom 50 passed. On 27th June, the following passed Part II, in o rder of merit:- C. R . Brown, M. Finburgh, T. J. Stevens, A. J. Beet, R. C. Tooth, H . C. S. Hall, H . L. Poster, D. L. Thomas, A. M. Williamson, P. R. Wilson, P. E . I. Lilly, D. d'A. Brewester. 17 fa iled, ma inly in Drill and the total mark.

244

TH E C ANTUARI A N Promotions.- The following were promoted on 1st May, 1957, to the ranks stated :-Sgts. F . D. A. Maplethorp, C. Verno n-Smith, J . A. T urner, F . J . Giles, J. W. Balchin ; L/Sgts. T. Jardine-Brown, R. J. Baker, D . D . Valpy, D. C. C. Stevenson, C. J. B. Gallaher, M. J. Price, B. A. Isbill, M. G . Sayer, A. J . Redpath; Cpls. S. C. Wilkinson, R. F. Lunn, A. W. Pengelly, D . J . East, K. M. S. Jo hns, L. P. Alston, H. K. Bray, K. D. Dent, A. A. E lworthy, D . J. Evans, P. J. B. Grainger, M. D . Ham, R. M. Harvey, J. G. A. Headley, G . B. Jackson, M. R. Jenner, C. J. M. Jewison, A. D. W. O'Sullivan, L. P. Pitch ; L/Cpls. M. E. Billinghurst S. F. Docksey, D. C. Halton, T. C. Kinross, G. W. l a ne, J. K. McD onald, J. A. C. McElwee, D . Masters, P. J. Pilzer. K.A.C. G .

ROYAL AIR FORCE SECI'ION T he Sectio n held its annua l camp at R.A.F., Binbrook, during the Easter holidays. Attendance was sma ll but there is no do ubt that the seventeen cadets present thoroughly enjoyed the excellect flying facilities ofl'e red, the fo ur cadets who were allowed trips in Canberras probably being the most envied. The term has been disjointed from a sylla bus point of view, with the annual inspect ion and the ra ising of a G uard of Ho nour for the visit of H.M. the Queen Mother, but with the good weather we have managed to use the glide r frequently, with markedly uncomfortable results to the Second-in-Command when he was hit by a rapidly moving broken shock cord. Our greatest loss next term will be our present C.O., F light Lieutenant R. M. P rior, o .F.c., who is retiring after many valuable and energetic years with the Section. It is a lmost certainly not realised by everyone that he had the difficult task of forming the Section, twice, and closing it down, o nce (probably mo re arduous from the paper-work point of view). We a ll hope that he enjoys his well-earned rest and t hat from time to time he wi ll a llow himself to be persuaded to take the air again in the glider. The Section is a lso losing two valuable N.C.O .s in F light Sergeants Gardener and Holt, whose willing services have made the last three terms so much easier. P.O.W.

CRICKET BAITING AVERAGES R. Minns...... ..... .. ... .. ........ ..... ... . J. Roche .............. ...... ... ..... .. ..... .. . M. Vincent.. .. ............................ .. I. Potter............... ...... .. ..... ... ... ... . W. Minns......................... ......... .. J. Kearin ........ ... ........................ . D. Evans...................... .. ........... . C. Yates .. ...... ... .................. .... ... . D. Jones......... .............. ...... ... ..... . A f ro balled: B. Isbill .................... .. .. .. ... ...... .. A. Redpath ........ .......... ......... ... ... .

Runs 516 494 312 206 97 264 61 158 192

18 7

Innings 14 14 14 10 10 14 7

II 14

H ighest Score Not Out 83 5 104* 3 69 2 78 2 29 5 43 0 25 3 44 0 28 0

5 3

Avergae 57.33 44.91 26.0 25.75 19.4 18.88 15.25 14.36 13.71

6.0 } 3.5

BOWLING AVERAGES Overs I. Potter......... ...... .. .......... .......... . 239.3 G. Yates...... .. ....... .. ........ .. .. .. .... . 11 8.5 A. Redpath ...... ..... ................... .. . 166.4 D . Jones...................... ............... . 50 Also bowled : II G. Pritchard ..... ...... ...... ............. .. J. Kearin .... ...... .. ........ ........ .. ..... . 10

Z45

Maidens Runs 57 570 24 366 634 39 213 2

4 0

27 45

Wickets Average 11.20 51 14.64 25 18.65 34 10 21.3 I

27.0

THE CANTUARIAN

RETROSPECT The bare record of this season's XI which now reads, Played 14, Won 7, Drawn 6, Lost 1, is perhaps, to those who have not followed the match to match achievements of the side, suggestive that the team was a good one. Those, who, in recent seasons, have followed the fortunes of the XI with closer interest will have realised early in the term that here was indeed an eleven which included a number of players of such quality that success could be expected, and that they could look forward to many hours of the good entertainment which is provided by cricket being well played. It is a pity that more members of the School apparently failed to realise this. With good batting assured, the one fear before the season started was that the bowling strength would not be sufficient to enable the eleven to win many of its matches, and that in consequence too many games would peter out and be left drawn. That this, in fact, did not happen more often can chieny be put down to M. E. W. Vincent's splendid captaincy and to T. C. Potter's magnificent bowling. Even a good team cannot be at its best unless it is well led and Vincent's experience helped him to rise much above the average level of school X I captains. The judgement he showed in timing his many declarations, although often fin e and narrow, was never proved wrong. It is true that he had luck in winning the toss in most games, but with plenty of runs scored at a good rate by such very competent batsmen as R. E. F. Minns, J.P. Roche, Vincent himself, J. Kearin, T. C. Potter and D . G. Jones, he was more often than not called upon to use his judgement and to accept the responsibility of declaring. Having done this he then had to skipper the side in the field and strike a balance between the runs being scored, the number of wickets falling, and the ticking of the clock. At times the spearhead of the attack, which wasÂˇrepresented by Potter and Redpath, was in itself sufficient to ensure success, but there were occasions when he had to give runs away in order to buy his wickets. He deserves great credit for his leadership and for his sound Âˇ appreciation of the state of the game at a U times. Of the batsmen in the team R. E. F. Minns and Roche are undoubtedly exceptionally good, but when they failed there were others who proved themselves quite capable of scoring runs and who did so on several occasions. C. W. Yates, Potter, W. E. J. Minns and D. J. Evans were Nos. 6, 7, 8 and 9 in the batting order and whenever they found themselves at the wicket the circumstances were such that they were either required to score quickly to enable a timely declaration to be made, or to avert a crisis. Between them they usually managed to do whatever was needed and their experiences should help them in the future. R. Minns and Roche show such unusual maturity of skill as to encourage one to think that there need be no limit to how far they may succeed at the game. They should not take this comment as meaning that they have no more to learn and both should realise that their off-side play is still rather limited. Although the batsmen frequently catch much of the glamour of the game, it is really the bowlers who are the match winners; hence Surrey's position in recent years. No praise can be too high for Potter's performances during the term. His fi gures of 8 for 25 v K.C.S., 6 for 28 v Highgate (including the hat trick, all clean bowled), 8 for 40 v Eastbournc, and 7 for 23 v R. M. Sutton's XI, speak for themselves and indicate his value to the XT. Hi s hostility and workmanlike approach, together with his command of length and direction and the ability to move the ball just a little, all combine to make him a good prospect for any first class county eleven, and it was fitting that before the term ended he was chosen to play for Kent 2nd XI v Norfolk in a Minor Counties championship match. Tn the School XI he always received useful support from A. J. Redpath, and on occasions from Yates a nd Jones. It was largely because of Potter's ability and stamina that the team could be packed with batting strength a nd only one player included just for bowling. The fielding was usually keen and good, though seldom perfect, and once again too many slip catches were missed. B. A. Isbill's wicket-keeping showed considerable improvement on that of last season and he always served the side well and frequently distinguished himself. The fact that the Jst XI remained praclically unr.hanged throughout the term can perhaps be considered a good thing, but it would be ungracious and unjust not to comment on the strength that was always in reserve in the 2nd X f. Here were several players who were quite capable of playing in the First XI without weakening it and it is unfortunate that, so far, their experiences have been limited to half-day cricket. ln whole day matches there is often time, for the earlier batsmen at least, to Jet the runs come, whereas in a 2nd XI game which is limited to about 3t hours of play, runs must be sought for and scored against the clock all the time. Perhaps the chief difference between a F irst and Second XI batsman is in temperament rather than in technique, and whilst the latter can be taught the former can only be acquired by experience. Unfortunately, this experience is denied to all except the 1st XI. It is difficult enough for a young player ~o score runs in his own time, but doubly so when he is constantly "clock conscious".

T H E CANTUARIAN To carry this part of a schoolboy's cricketing education and experience oue stage further one must state a case for two or more two-day matches for the 1st XI. If these could be arranged we would only be in line with most other leading schools in the country. If, instead of having to decla re at 3.30 p.m., or thereabouts, the side could go on batting for another hour or so, scores of over 300 would be possible, and many more individual centuries as well. This might well serve to ra ise still further the standard of cricket in the School as all the targets to be aimed at by teams and individuals alike would be that much higher and it is encouraging to learn that there is a possibility of this being attempted. C. F.

1sT XI MATCH ES v NOR!! COMMAND Saturday, May 18th Rain delayed the start, but with the School batting fi rst 110 runs were scored in the hour's play before lunch. This was due mainly to fi ne batting by Roche who punished the bowling confidently to make his fi rst century for the School, his first fifty coming in thirty-etght minutes. Kearin proved a steady partner in the morning, and after lunch, though the wicket was beginn ing to show life, Minns pushed the score a long, timing his shots well. The visitors lost a wicket before tea, but for a time they found no real difficulty- with Littleales scoring an entertaining fifty- against the School's pace bowlers on a wicket which was giving them little help. It was the spinners who broke through in the end, and with Yates turning the ball sharply and Jones fligh ting the ball well the School were home to a comfortable victory. KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERIJURY

KiNG'S SCHOOL

NORE CoMMAND

D. G. Jones, lbw, b Littleales............ .. .. ... ... J. Kearin, c Craven, b Rowcroft............ .... .. J. P. Roche, not out ........ ............ ........ .. .. .. M. E. W. Vincent, b Craven....................... R. E. F. Minns, c Keen, b Clarkson............ C. W. Yates, c Littleales, b Clarkson.......... .. I. C. Potter, not out................................. W. E. J. Minns} D. J. Eva_ns did not bat B. A. Isbtll A. J. Redpath Extras................ .............. .. ...............

7 23 104 5 37 I 6

A.B. Keen, lbw, b Redpath.......... .............. Mne. Craven, b Redpath.............. ............... E. R. A. Littleales, c Isbill, b Jones.............. L. E. M. Hastier, b Potter................ ........... Lt. Cdr. Rowcroft, c Vincent, b Jones........... Lt. Cdr. Clarkson, b Yates.............. ............ Wtr. Oakden, b Yates........................ ......... Shipwt. Underdown, not out....................... Lt. Cdr. Foxy, c Roche, b Jones............ ...... Lt. Cdr. Scott, c Vincent, b Jones...... .......... Sub. Lt. Colvill, b Yates............................ Extras...............................................

Total (5 wkts. dec.) .... ............ ........ 212

Total. ..................... ............... ..... 118

Fall of wickets: 1-12, 2-11 0, 3-132,4-190, 5-196 0.

Littleales ................. 5 1 0 Oakden................. .. 9 Clarkson ....... .......... 13 3 Rowcroft ................. 14 1 Craven .................... 7 0 4.4 runs per over

26 39 40 54 24

17 0 54 12 11 2 0 9 0 6 0 7

Fall of wickets : 1-13, 2-34, 3-67, 4-88, 5-92, 6-92, 7-110, 8-112, 9-118, 10-11 8

Redpath................ 10 2 2 Potter...... ............... 11 7 0 Jones.. .......... .......... 5.3 2 Yates.................... 3.5 runs per over

0 2 1 1

28 43 33 7

2 1 4 3

v ST. LAWRENCE C.C. Thursday, May 23rd From the beginning the St. Lawrence opening batsmen were subdued by the steady pace bowling of Potter and Redpath . After forty minutes when the batsmen were still behind the clock they attempted to force the pace. This proved greatly to Redpath's liking, for in a fine sustained spell of six overs his offcutters clean bowled six batsmen. Towards tea St. Lawrence began to recover, but controlled off-spin bowling by Yates and Potter's second spell kept the runs down, and the final wickets eventually came. The School, set to make 139 in 95 minutes, lost two quick wickets. Vincent and Kearin for a time were content to let the runs come, but, with the departure of the latter, Minns joined Vincent and the two set about the bowling, the second fifty coming in twenty-three minutes. Despite this later effort, however, the School were unable to beat the clock in a game which was alive with possibility up to the closing minutes. KiNo's S cHOOL, CANTERillJRY

247

'fH B CANTUARlAN KINo's ScHOOL

ST. LAWRENCE C.C.

G. B. Heyer, b Redpath.. .............. .. .... .. .... 19 P. A. Mackenzie, b Redpath........................ 16 G. Pass, b Redpath........ .. .... .. .. .... ............ 0 J. Edmonds, b Redpath.... ........................... 12 J. S. Brett, b Redpath................................ 1 E. Pettit, st Isbill, b Yates............................ 26 D. Bell, b Redpath.................................... 4 G. McCabe, c Isbill, b Potter..................... 15 J. Allan, b Potter...................................... 19 R. Thomas, not out........ .......................... 4 W. Higgs, c. R. E. F. Minns, b Potter........... 8 Extras........ ....................................... 14

D. G. Jones, b Pettit................................... J. Keario, st Edmonds, b Mackenzie........ .....

Total (3 wkts.).. .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 119

Total. .... .. .............. .................... . 138

Fall of wickets: 1-4, 2-5, 3-42

Fall of wickets: 1-32,2-32, 3-43,4-45, 5-66,6-70, 7-70, 8-114, 9-123, 10-138 Potter..................... Redpath................ Yates....................

17 17 14

3 3 1

38 52 34

3 6

16 J. P. Roche, b Mackenzie............................ 0 M. E. W. Vincent, not out........................... 56 R. E. F. Minns, not out...................... .. .... 44 C. W. Yates } I. C. Potter W. E. J. Minns did not bat D. J. Evans B. A. Isbill A. J. Redpath Extras............................................... 2

Pettit.... .......... .. ..... 10 5 Mackenzie............... 14 1 0 Pass...................... 4 Heyer.. .................. 6 0 Brett..................... 2 0 3.3 runs per over

2.9 runs per over

12 42 18 26 19

w. I

2 0 0 0

v K.C.S., WIMBLEDON Saturday, May 25th The School opened the batting confidently in a blustery gale which scarcely let up all day with Kearin and Jones scoring 68 for the first wicket. Two quick wickets fell just before the lunch interval, and a third soon after when Yates joined Vincent to play a n aggressive-if at times lucky- innings. These two gave a necessary boost to the total, and once over the two hundred mark the School was able to declare in safety. K.C.S. opened well, but on the fall of the first wicket Potter began a devastating spell, takin g seven wickets in nine overs. S. J. Whiting tried to halt a collapse, but with Yates bowling steadily at the other end, the School raced home to a decisive victory. KINO'S SCHOOL, C ANTERBURY

K.C.S., WIMBLEDON

KINo's ScllOOL

D. G. Jones, lbw, b Crowhurst.. ................ . J. Keario, b Wiffen................................... J.P. Roche, b Crowhurst...... ..................... M. E. W. Vincent, not out................ .. ......... R. E. F. Minns, b Crowhurst.............. .. .. .. . C. W. Yates, b Wiffen.. .... ...... ...... .............. I . C. P otter, b Wiffeo............ .... .. .... ...... .... .. W. E. J. Minns, 1bw, b Wiffen.................... D. J. Evans, not out.... ............................... }d'd B. A. Isbill 1 not ba t A. J. Redpath Extras.... ....................... .. ..... ... ... ... ....

J. C. Wolters, c Vincent, b Potter.................. D. J. Hopkins, lbw, b Potter................ .. .... B. B. Haymes, b Potter............................ .. . M. J. Haines, b Potter.............................. S. J. Whiting, lbw, b Yates........................ A. G. H. Wiffeo, b Potter........................... R. J. Gates, b Potter................................... R. C. H yde, lbw, b Potter................ ............ I. P. McLeish, not out.............................. C. J.D. Crowhurst, b Yates ............., .. ......... J. E. Jeremy, b Potter............................... Extras...................... ... ...... ............ ....

24 43 8 69 0 32 0 14 7 7

10 6 2 9 14 0 0 0 7 1 0 8

Total (7 wkts . dec.) ....................... 204

Total................ ...... .............. ... ... 57

Fall of wickets: 1-68, 2-70, 3-84, 4-90, 5-155, 6-157, 7-189

Fall of wickets: 1-1 7,2-20,3-25,4-30,5-36,6-40, 7-40, 8-46, 9-48, 10-57 248

THE CANTUARIAN 0.

I. P. McLeish.........

4 2 J. E. Jeremy....... ..... 14 I A. G. WiiTen....... .. . 18 I C. J. D. Crowhurst.. 16 3 M. J. Haines........... 9 0 3.3 runs per over

14 45 65 41 32

0 0 4

Potter...... ......... .. .... 17.5 Redpath.... .. ....... ... 10 Yates.... ..... ....... .... 7

3 0

25 19 5

8 0 2

1.6 runs per over

KING'S SCHOOL, C ANTERBURY V ST. L AWRENCE CoLLEGE, RAMSGATE

Tuesday, June 4th The School, batting first on a wicket where the ball was coming through at uneven heights, lost a number of wickets, through faulty judgement, to M. P. H. Watson, the St. Lawrence fast bowler. Jones, however, prevented further collapse with a steady innings, and R. E. F. Minns and Evans showed some attract ive strokes. After a showery morning and a fternoon's play, the School were all out by tea. In the field, King's showed an attacking spirit and, with Redpath especially hostile, St. Lawrence were 7 for 4. T he home team did very well, therefore, to lose only three more wickets before the game ended in another rain-storm. The School fielding was good and gave little away, with Roche in particular holding a fine catch at slip. KI NG'S SCHOOL

ST. LAWRENCE, R AMSGATE

D . G. Jones, b Hill....... .... ...... ... ...... ......... 28

D. M. Perrottet, b Redpath.......................... 2 D. C. L. Prior, b Pritchard.. ... .................. . I R. A. G . Marshall, b Yates....................... .. 15 G. de Sa rem, c Roche, b Redpath.. ....... ... .. .. 0 R. L. Thomas, b Redpath.............. .............. 0 F. J. Armstrong, c Evans, b Yates............... 23 M. F. Hodder, not out............. ......... ......... 20 A. R. M. Watson, lbw, b Yates.. ................ 0 M. P. M. Watson, not out............ .. ... .. ....... 9 J. Irvine . }did not bat M.G.H1Ll Extras... ......... .... .. ............ ...... .. .. .. ..... 4

J. Kearin, cA. R. M. Watson, b M. Watson 10 J. P. Roche, cA. R. M. Watson, b M. Watson 8 M. E. W. Vincent, cA. R. M. Watson, b M. Watson.. ............ .. ............. .... .. .. ...... ..... 8 R. E. F. Minns, lbw, b de Sarem................. 35 C. W. Yates, c Armstrong, b Hill.................. 5 W. E. J. Minns, b Irvine... .......................... 10 D. J. Evans, b Irvine... .... .. .... .... .... ...... ...... 25 B. A. Isbill, c Irvine, b M. Watson.. ............. I A. J. Redpath, c and b Irvine... .................... 4 G. C. Pritchard, not out................... ........... 2 Extras.. .. ...... ...... .... .. .. ... .... .. ..... ........ . 8

Total (7 wkts.)...... ................. .... ..

Total. .................................. ....... 144 Fall of wickets: 1-23, 2-35, 3-44, 4-77, 5-97, 6-97, 7-131 , 8-138, 9-138, 10-144 0.

M. P. M. Watson.. .. 20 6 0 J. Irvine............. .... 14.4 4 G. de Sarem............ 11 M . G. Hill.... ........ . 7 I 2.7 runs per over

46 34 34 22

4 3 1 2

Fa ll of wickets : 1-4,2-6,3-7,4-7, 5-31,6-60,7-60 0.

Redpath............ .. .. 12 4 Pritchard................ 6 3 4 Yates....... .. .......... . 10 0 Jones...................... 4 2.3 runs per over

23 6 25 16

w. 3 I

3 0

v THE BUCCANBilRS Saturday, June 8th Fortunes fluctuated very much in this game. In the morning the School batted steadily, though without ever completely mastering the Buccaneers' pace attack. At 99 for 5, Minns and Potter eame together and they put on exactly 100 runs for the sixth wicket, hitting the ball hard and timing their shots well. It was a delight to sec such an attractive partnership so comparatively low in the order. T he Buccaneers started at a great pace, but Redpath was not long in reducing their rate of scoring, and he ended with the well-deserved match analysis of 6-51. The pace attack broke through completely after 1\ while and the School won with only ten minutes to spare. It was an attractive day's pia~. KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

THE CANTUARIAN

THE BUCCANBllRS J. W. Moore, lbw, b Redpath....... .. ............ 36 J. Webster, b Redpath.............................. 10 J. Lowe, b Redpath.................. .... .. ...... ...... 2 G. Woods, b Redpath........ ..... ..... ... . ......... 4 D . J. Williams, lbw, b Potter........................ 0 J. M. Summers, b Redpath......................... 48 G. Flanagan, b Potter...... ............ .............. . 0 J. M. Skinner, st Isbill, b Yates.................... 4 J. Armstrong, c R. Minns, b Yates.... .... ...... 0 S. Durnford, c R. Minns, b Yates.............. . I J. A. C. McElwee, not out.............. .. .. ........ 17 J. Winston, b Redpath........ ........................ 0 Extras............................. ............ ...... 7

Total (6 wkts.)............................. 240

Total. ........ .................... .... ......... 129

Fall of wickets: 1-10,2-15,3-44,4-60,5-99,6- 199

Fall of wickets: 1-37, 2-39, 3-43, 4-48, 5-59, 6-6 1, 7-73, 8-75, 9-83, 10-125, 11-129

KINo's SCHOOL

D. G. Jones, c Woods, b Winston............... J. Kearin, run out................................ .. .... J. P. Roche, b Winston............................... M. E. W. Vincent, c Durnford, b Webster... R. E. F. Minns, run out.. ........................... C. W. Yates, c Durnford, b Winston............. I. C. Potter, not out................ .. ............... W. E. J. Minns, not out............................ D. J. Evans ~ ::~mhard rdid not bat A. J. Redpath J Extras................ .......... .....................

. ÂŁ:

Webster................ 16 3 Winston.................. 22 8 I Summers.... ...... .. .... 12 McElwee............... 4 0 4.5 runs per over

74 56 54 20

20 I

3 16 65 14 78 7

Redpath...... .......... 15.1 3 3 Potter..................... 14 Yates............ .... .... 8 3 Jones...................... 7 0 2.9 runs per over

J 3 0 0

51 30 20 21

6 2 2 1

KINo's ScHOOL, CANTERBURY v THE M.C.C.

Thursday, June 13th Agile fielding and defensive bowling by the M.C.C. made run-getting difficult. Roche and Yates did well to overcome this, the former with powerful hooks and drives and the latter pierced the string of covers with some powerfu l driving after lunch. At 156 for 7, W. Minns and Evans came together and, with the opportunity to show their full form, batted very confidently to carry the School total to a respectable level. Before tea, Isbill had dismissed Neame with a fine catch behind the wicket, but our bowlers found it hard to make further progress with Oscroft scoring freely; in a bid to get the runs, two M.C.C. wickets fell quickly but a draw was inevitable. M.C.C. KING'S SCHOOL D. G. Jones, c Essenhigh, b Nelson............. 0 A. R. B. Neame, c Isbill, b Potter............... 2 J. Kearin, c Ratcliff, b Essenhigh.................. 7 G. C. Downton, b Redpath.......................... 27 J. P. Roche, c Ncame, b Pugh.... .................. 40 J. C. Oscroft, run out. ................................ 101 R. M. C. Mallinson, run out.................. ..... 13 M. E. W. Vincent, b Ratcliff...................... 17 A. 0. Russell Vick, b Redpath........ .. .. .. ...... 21 R. E. F. Minns, c Down ton, b Essen high...... 23 C. W. Yates, b Pugh........ ........................... 44 G. F. Anson, lbw, b Redpath....................... 5 I. C. Potter, b Ratcliff.. ............................. 8 C. C. Russell Vick, not out..... .............. ...... . 14 W. E. J. Minns, st Downton, b Essenhigh..... 29 Essenhigh, D. E.1 D . J. Evans, not out................................... 24 P. J. M. N:elson did not bat J. C. Ratcliff B. A. Isbill, not out.................................... 3 A. J. Redpath, did not bat Pugh, J. J Extras............. .................... .. ............ 3 Extras............................................... 10 Total (8 wkts. dec.)........................ 205

Total (6 wkts.) ............................. 186

Fall of wickets: 1-7, 2-7, 3-42, 4-80, 5-106, 6-132, 7- 156, 8-186

Fall of wickets: 1-3,2-50,3-69,4-137,5-159, 6-186 Z50

THE C ANTUAR I AN 0.

Esscnhigh ............... 24 8 Nelson .. . ......... ....... 12 2 Ratcliff................... 22 7 Pugh ...................... 23 8 2.5 runs per over

63 35 33

3 I 2 2

Po tter. ......... .. ...... . 18 7 Redpath ...... .... . ..... 16 0 Kearin . ........ ... .... .. ' 7 0 Yates.. ......... ... .... .. 5 I 4.1 runs pe r over

K ING's ScHOOL, C ANl ERilURY

39 81 34 29

I 3

0 0

1-JIGIIGATE Sc uooL

Saturday, June 15th On a pe rfect batting wicket Jones a nd Kearin contributed 53 for the first wicket and throughout the day the School total progressed with speed with Roche and Minns again making a valuable stand which produced 107 runs - both hit the ball hard and never lost concentration, so enabling the declaration to be made in safety.

1-1 ighgatc began well and not until late in the afternoon did the game take a decisive turn. Yates bowled Dryborough by clever flight on a wicket that gave the s pinne rs little help. In the last half-hour the pace bowlers were bro ught in again and at 6.10 the game was given a dramatic twist when Potter performed the hal trick- a due reward for fine attac king bowling- and in the next over the Highga te innings ended in a lively and jubila nt a tmosphe re. KINO' s Sc HOOL

D. G. J ones, b Hancock.. .......................... .. J. Kearin, lbw, b Wadsworth............ .. ........ J. P. Roche, c Hollinrake, b Dryborough...... M. E. W . Vincent, b Ha ncock.... .. ................ R. E. F. Minns, c and b Dryborough...... ...... C. W . Yates, c D ryborough, b Holland...... .. . r. C. Po tter, b Drybo rough.. ...... .... ...... .. .. .. . W. E. J. Minns, not out.. ........ ..... .. ........... D. J. Eva ns } B. A. Isbill did not bat A. J. Redpath Extras.. .. .... ............... .. .... ........... .. ... . .

IIIOIIGATE SCHOOL

R . P. Junipe r, c and b J ones..... .................. 34 M. W. L. We bster, b Potter..... ............. ...... . 12 D. W. Plumme r, c Isbill, b Potte r...... .......... 4 C. D. Dryborough, b Yates........... ......... ...... 34 I A. D . Izza rd, c Minns, R., b Potter............. N . L. Hancock, r un out.. ................... ........ . 8 M. 1-1. Wadsworth, b Potter...... ... .. . ......... ... 14 C. J. S. Garner, not out....... . ..... ...... . .. ... ..... 16 0 F. Gratton, b Potter........... .. ........ ...... .... .... D . A. Ho llinrake, b Potter..... .. ...... ...... .... .... 0 D. A. Holland, b Redpath........... ... .... .. ...... 0 Extras.. .. ..... ............ .. ............. ... . ...... . 17

Total (7 wkts. dec.) ................. ....... 234

Total. ..... . .................... . .. .. ... .. ..... J40

Fall of wickets : 1-53, 2-63, 3-80, 4- 187, 5-2 16, 6-220, 7-233

Fall of wickets: 1-32, 2-50, 3-68, 4-69, 5-94, 6- 112, 7- 135, 8- 135, 9-135, 10- 140

Wadsworth ............ 19 5 Webster ................ 9 0 Hancoc k ................ 21 0 Dry borough .......... 13.4 I Holland ................ 2 0 3. 7 runs pe r over

36 53 7 83 15 II 2

51 37 84 42 17

I 0 2 3 I

Potter.. ...... ..... ...... .. 17 5 Redpa th... ............. 10 2 Kcarin ......... ........ . 3 0 Jones...................... II 0 Yates............. ..... .. 7 3 2.9 runs pe r over

KING's SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

28 26 9 49 12

6 I 0 I

D OVER COLLEGE

Thursday, June 20th T he Dove r wicke t d id not g ive o ur bowle rs muc h help, while the batsmen, by early aggression, never allo wed our attack to settle down. Widgery and King ba tted with spi rit a nd some cha ncy hitting ofte n found us out of position . After lunch, Dover inc reased their tota l to a positio n of strength. Jones and Kcarin began our innings well with Kearin particu larly hitting the ball with confidence until he paid the pe na lty fo r em barking on an un likely s ingle. Roche and Vincent we re at firs t content to let runs come a nd were out in the attempt to keep in fro nt o r the d ock ; no Lwo people rema ined for a ny real length of Lime and the Sc hool gave up the chase with Lwo quic k wicke ts falling just before the close o r play. 251

THE

C ANTUARlAN KING'S SCIIOOI..

D OVER COLLEGE

G. R. Dale, b Red path................................ 10 D . L. Stern, lbw, b Potter.... ....................... 22 M. J . Otway, c Evans, b Jones...................... 25 J . R. A. Widgery, b Potter. ........................ 45 R. P. King, b Jones.................................... 85 A. J. Kilbee, b Redpath.............................. 19 J. R. Beckett, retired hurt. ......................... I D. J . Smith, not o ut.................................. 4 G. I. Rouse I D. P. A. Leir ~ did not bat C. J . Cla re ) 9 Extras.... .... .. .... ... ............. .. ...............

D. G. Jones, b Widgery............................. J . K earin, run out...................................... J . P. Roche, b Smith.................................. . M. E. W. Vincent, c Stern, b Widgery.......... R. E. F. Minns, c Otway, b Smith............... C. W. Yates, b Smith................................ I. C. Potter, b Smith ...... ................ , .... .. ,.. .. W. E. J. Minns, not out.. ... ............. ........ .. D. J. Evans, not out.... ...... ......... ................ B. A. Isbi ll }did not bat A. J. Redpath Extras.. .... ..... ..... ........ ........ ....... .... .. ..

21 22 43 31 II

7 3 0 9

Total (6 wkts.) ............................. 220

Total (7 wkts.).. .... ..... .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. 158

Fall of wickets : J-31, 2-48, 3-69, 4-196, 5-196, 6-220

Fa ll of wickets : 1-3 1, 2-39, 3-79, 4- 109, 5- 137, 6-1 48,7-157 o. M. R. w. Otway.................. 4 0 26 0 Widgery.................. 27 9 53 2 Smith.... .. .... .... .. .. . 24 5 4 66

Potter............ ......... 29 11 Redpath.... ............ 17.3 5 Jones.......... ............ 21 2 Yates.................... 5 I 3 runs per over

67 44 74 26

w. 2 2

2 0

2.9 runs per over

K ING's ScHOOl.., CANThRDURY

KÂŁNT C t.u o ANI> G RouNu

Friday, June 28th T he Club and Ground paid us t he compliment of bringing down a strong side, and the School responded well against accurate and hostile bowling with Kearin and Roche showing form against the early attack. After lunch, R. Minns set about the bowling, and his faultless late cutting gave him the greater part of a more tha n creditable total. Before tea, t he bowling was particularly tight a nd with runs com ing slowly the declaration was delayed, but from the start the Club and G round challenged the School attack until the f1 rst wicket fell at 54, followed shortly by another. At this point the new batsmen were subd ued and fell well behind the clock. The c lo~ i ng stages saw the spin bowlers trying to tempt the batsmen; they succeeded twice but the game petered o ut into a d raw. KING'S SCIIOOI.

K ENT CLU D AND GROUND

Prodgcr, J., b Potter................................... 25 Ufton, D., c a nd b Redpa th... .................... 25 R. C. Coll ins, c Minns, R., b Yates............. 12 Luck hur.t, D., not out. ............................. 55 A. C. Russell, c Potter, b Jones.. ........ .......... 12 3 Catt, A., not o ut........................................ Wilkinson, R. } Bristow, M. Brown, A. did no t bat R. M. Sutton C. Lewis Extras.......... ..................................... 7

Total (6 wkts.)...... ...... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. 188

Tota l (4 wkts.) .. ........................... 139

D. G. Jo nes, c Lewis, b Luck hurst................ J . Kearin, c Prodger, b Wilkinson............... J . P. Roche, c Bristow, b Wilk inson............. M. E. W. Vincent , c Luck hurst, b Wil kin~on R. E. F . Minns, not out............................ C. W. Ya tes, c Bristow, b Catt..... ................ I. C. Potter, b Luckhurst............................. W. E. J. Minns, not out......... .. ................. D. J. Evans } did not bat B. A. Isbill A. J. Redpath Extras.......... ....................................

9 33 32 4 68 I

19 4

Fall of wickets : 1-22, 2-85, 3-95, 4- 10 I , 5- 105, 6-1 67

Fa ll of wickets: 1-54, 2-56, 3-88, 4-124 252

â&#x20AC;˘

THE CANTUARIAN 0.

12 3 Wilkrn~on..... .... . ... . 14 7 Luckhurst..... .. .... . .. 25 7 I Russell................. ... 4 Catt....... . .. ... .... ... .. 16 1 2.6 runs per over Drown....... . . ....... .. .

30 67 II 42

w. 0 3 2

0 I

Potter. ............... . .... Redpath.... . .. ....... .. Yates..... .... .. . ... . . .. . Jones........ . ............ .

~1.

14 II 8

2 I 2

36 40 20 36

I I I I

3.7 runs per over

KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

ETON RAMBLERS

Saturday, June 29th With a strong side, the Eton Ramblers never allowed ou r openers to sett le down; Maclean got p lenty of lift from the wicket and the bowling took the honours before lunch. Thereafter Minns and Roche continued their partnership and remained undefeated at the end or our innings, taking the score from 34 for 3 to 200 for 3. They resisted the temptation to play wildly when things were going well and throughout they gave a highly commendable display of batting. The declaration gave the visitors a sight of victory and they began in a determined bid; Redpath and Potter attacked the stumps in a vicious spell before tea which gave us three quick wickets for 18 runs. After tea, R. A. Eckersley batted very attractively before being bowled by Redpath; the pace bowlers took two more wickets, but the Ramblers were now on the defensive. Jones was then brought on and with some well-placed leg spinners tempted the opposition into some injudicious hitting to bring us victory. KING'S SCHOOL

ETON RAMBLERS

D. G. Jones, c Boughey, b Maclean...............

R. Leigh-Pemberton, b Redpath................. . .. C. S. Hodgson, c Isbill, b Redpath............. . .. R. Mayhew, b Potter........... . ......... ...... . ... .

7 J . Kearin, c Hodgson, b Maclean........ .... ..... 10 J.P. Roche, not out............... . ... ...... . ... ..... 83 9 M. E. W. Vincent, c Carr, b Maclean........... R. E. F. Minns, not out... ......................... 76 C. W. Yates } I. C. Potter W. E. J . Minns did not bat D. J. Evans B. A. lsbill A. J. Redpath Extras... . ... . . . .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 15

R. J. Carr, b Potter........................ . . ......... R. A. Eckersley, b Redpath....... ........... .. .... . . R. M. Salter, c and b Potter........ . ............. . .. P. L. Eckersley, c Isbill, b Redpath....... ......... R. V. C. Robins, st _fsbi ll, b Jones................ R. J . Boughey, c Mrnns, R., b Potter......... . . . D. R. Maclean, not out....... ...... .................. M. J . Nickerson, b Jones........................... Extras.. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total (3 wkts.) ........... . .... .... . ........ 200

Eckersley, P. ........... 12 3 3 Nickerson......... .. .. . I I 2 Maclean....... ..... . .. . J3 Robins.................... 15 3 Mayhew................ 2 I I 0 Salter... . . ................ 3.9 runs per over

47 31 51 46 4 7

4 11 0 10

Total. ..... . .... ...... ....................... . . 139

Fa ll of wickets: 1-15,2- 18,3-34 0.

9 0 6 2 51 II 1 34

Fall of wickets: 1-1, 2-12, 3-14, 4-33, 5-85, 6-85, 7-9 1, 8-95,9-139, 10-139

w. 0

Potter...... . ........... ... Redpath..... . .......... Jonc~........ . .. ...........

0 3

0 0

19 14 4

4 0

57 49 23

4 4 2

3.8 runs per over

K ING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V SEVENOAKS V INil C.C.

Thursday, July 4th After the loss of an early wicket, Roche and Jones played the bowling confidently and, partnered later by Minns and Vincent, Roche added steadily to his score as the School total increased. With Roche's departure, R. Minns remained to see the batting collapse unnecessarily in a bid to get runs quickly; but with the substantial foundation already laid, the School suffered little disadvantage. A. E. Morris opened the Vine's innings with some hard hitting, and partnered by Preston, the visitors steered progressively towards our total. [n an effort to attack even more, a succession of wickets fell in the last 40 minutes with Yates' offspins (helped by Isbill's agility behind the wicket) particularly damaging. But with three more wickets to get, the clock defeated our effort. 253

THE

CAN TUARJA N

KI NG' S S CIIOOL

S EVENOAKS VI NE C.C.

D. G. Jones, c Bates, b Wi ll iams.... .............. 20 J . Kca rin, lbw, b Sma rt. ....................... ...... II J . P. Roche, st Parkin , b Pre~ to n... . .. . ... . .... ... . 78 M. E. W. Vincent, b Smart. ........................ . 26 R. E. F. Minns, not out............... ......... .... 30 C. W. Yates, c Fife, b Preston ....... ............. 5 I. C. Potter, run out......... ...... ...... .. ..... .... .. 3 D. J. Evans, run out... ........ ... ................... I W. E . J. Minns, c King, b Smart........ ........... 0 B. A. Isbill, lbw, b Smart........ ............. .. .... .. 2 A. J . Redpath, b Will iams.... ..... ..... .. ... ..... .. . 3 Extras................. .. .... .. .. .. ................. . 23

N. P. G o ld~ . c Vincent, b Potter........... .. .... . A. E. Mo rris, run out. ... ........... ... ...... ... ... . J>. J. Presto n, c Potter, b Redpath ........... ... . A. Coombs, c Isbill, b Yates..... ............ ... ... . J . B. Parkin, not out.. .... .................... ..... .. P. Williams, c Isbill, b Yates... ... ... ..... ... .... . J. S. S. Fife, c Evans, b Yates........ ...... ....... . R. E. Bates, c Redpath , b Yates........ .... ....... K. J . Smart} R. B. Divali did not bat R. P. King Extras. ..... ... .. .... ..... .. ........... .. .... .... ....

8 67 47 3 20 0 0 20

Total. ..... ... ... ........ ... ... ... .. ... .. .... .. 202

Total (7 wkts.) .. .. .. ..... .. ... ............. 177

Fall of wickets: 1- 15, 2-74, 3-155, 4-161 , 5-173, 6-180, 7-188, 8-189, 9-195, I0-202

Fall of wickets : 1-27, 2- 122, 3-134, 4-134, 5-134, 6- 134, 7-177

Diva li....... ...... ........ 2 1 5 Smart............ .... .. .. 3 1 II Williams.... ...... .. ... 20 5 I 0 King...... .... .... ....... Preston.. .... .. ......... 9 I 2.5 runs per o ver

54 58 31 5 31

0 4 2 0 2

Potter........ ............. Redpath...... .. .... .. .. Yates...... .... .......... Jones...................... 4.4

13 14 12.5 I run~

43 64 48 10

1 4 0

0 2 0

per over

v EASTBOURN E CoLLEOI! Saturday, July 6th We won the toss a nd fielded first on a da mp wicket; the Eastbourne o pening pair were given time to settle down until the wicket dried sufficiently for the bowlers. Yates' turning the ball very sharply and Potter from the other end exploiting the heavy atmosphere, soon had the Eastbo urne ba tsmen in trouble; and by lunch they were 79 for 6; afterwards Potter quickly took the rema ining wickets to come thro ugh with a triumphant analysis of 8 fo r 40. H e came to the rescue later in our innings too. Never with more truth was it said that Eastbourne had got 99 runs- we had st ill to get them ; for after an early run out, wickets fell with accurate bowling, tight fielding and the pyschology of the moment. Vincent and Jones for a while defended and took no risks, letting runs come slowly; but wickets fell and not unti l Potter joined Jones did our total increase satisfactori ly. With 3 runs for victory, Potter was dismissed after a bold, attacking innings. Evans was soon dismissed, being caught superbly a t mid-on. We were st ill at 99 ; in a feverish atmosphere, Isbill took guard and promptly dispatched the ball to the boundary for 4 and ended the agonising wait fo r victory. KI NO'S S CHOOL, CANTERBURY

EASTBOURNil C OLLEGE

C. B. G. Masefield, c Isbill, b Yates............ G. E. W. Bowyer, 1bw, b Redpath.. ............. R. Gedney, b Potter...... .............. .. .... .. .. .... T. D . Wainwright, c Yates, b Potter....... .. .. . P. G. Parsons, c Isbill, b Potter.. ...... .. .... .. .... T. J. Laycock, b Potter.................. .. .... .. .. .. M. S. C. Hill, lbw, b Potter.................... .. .... A. J. C. Glossop, b Potter.................... ....... J. M. E . Wi lmot, c Kearin, b Potter.. ........ .... P. J. Colbourne, not o ut... .. ................ .. ..... M. Walter, cR. Minns, b Potter............... .. Ext ras..................... .... ..................... .

K ING'S SCHOOL

35 17 4 6 I 0 14 4 6 0 0 12

D. G. Jones, c and b Wilmot.... ................... 25 J. Kcarin , run out....... .... ...... ...... .... .. .. .... .. . 8 J . P. Roche, c Ma~efi eld , b Glossop............... 9 M. E. W. Vincent, lbw, b Wal ter................ . 17 R. E. F. Minn$, lbw, b Wilmo t.. .................. . 7 C. W. Ya tes, b Wilmot......... .. ........ .. ........ . 0 1. C. Potter, lbw, b G lossop......................... 30 W. E. J. Minns, not o ut. .. ............ .... .. .. .. ... I D. J. Evans, c Laycock, b Wilmot............... .. 0 B. A. [sbill, not out........ .. .. .. .... ...... ......... ... 4 Extras.......... .... .... .. ........ .. .......... .. .. .. . I Total (8 wkts.) ...... .. .... .... .. ........ .. . 102

Total. .................... .. ............ ...... . 99 Fall of wickers : 1-39, 2-49, 3-69, 4-72, 5-73, 6-79, 7-89, 8-98, 9-99, 10-99

Fall of wickets : 1- 10, 2-20, 3-49, 4-56, 5-56, 6-97, 7-97, 8-97

... T JI E

Potier..................... Redpath................ Yates....................

C ANTUAR LAN

20 8 II

4 3 2

40 18 29

8 I

Walter.................... II 3 Colbourne.............. 17 5 Glossop.... ............ 13.3 5 Wilmot................. 10 6 2 runs per over

25 42 24 10

I 0 2

2. 7 runs per over

K ING'S SCIIOOL, CANTERB URY

T i l E B AND 01'

BROTHERS

Saturday, July 13th The Schoo l began well on a damp wicket, but after the fall of the fi rst wicket we lost three wickets without scori ng a r un . Yates and Potter halted this collapse and in a lighting pa rtne rs hip added 78 runs and brought the School to ta l to a respectable level. Minns, W. , added fu rthe r qu ick r uns before we were al l o ut. After two quick wickets by Po tte r before tea, Ncumc a nd Woodhouse came togethe r in a partnership whic h the School bowling could not penetrate; against attractive a nd fo rceful batting the pace attack with a defe nsive field had no luck and the opposition pressed o n re le ntlessly to a comfo rtable victory, inflicting the season's first defeat on the School. K ING'S SCHOOL

BAN D OF BROTHERS

M . E. W . Vincent, c Collins, b McCansland... J . Kearin, c Coll ins, b A. Neame..... ............ J.P. Roche, c and b A. Neame..... . ....... ...... R . E. F. Minns, b McCans la nd................... C. W . Yates, b Fletcher............................. D. G. J ones, e R. Neame, b A. Neame.... ...... I. C. Po tter, run out.... .............................. W . E. J. Minns, lbw, b Fletcher.................... D. J . Evans, b Fletcher. ............................. B. A . Isbill, c Barnes, b McCansland............ A. J. Redpa th, not out.............................. Extras.................... .... ...... ..... ..... .. ... ..

W . J . S. Fle tc her, b Potter.. ... ....... ............. J. L. P. Barnes, b Potter. .............. ............... A. R. B. Neame, not out..................... ........ I. H . McCansland, b Redpath..................... A. J. P. Woodhouse, not out...... .............. .... V. Collins R. H. B. Neame G. P. S. Davies d'd b 1 Maj. F. de R . Morgan no1 a 1 P. J. C. Smallwood R. S. F letc her Extras............... ...................... .... . .... .

23 34 13 6 30 0 44 17 4 8 0 17

22 18 15 54 40 18 12

0 0 0 3 3 3 0

Total (3 wkts.).................. ..... ...... 197

Fa ll of wickets: 1-48,2-73 ,3-84,4-84,5-84,6-162, 7- 170, 8-176, 9- 196, 10-196 0.

T otal. ..................... . . ........... .. ... .. 196

Smallwood ............ 6 0 Woodhouse............ 4 0 Barnes........... ......... 5 2 McCansland............ 19 6 A. Neame.... . ......... 15 6 9. 1 I F le tcher................ Collins. .............. .... 4 I 3.2 runs pe r over

3 4 91

Fall of wickets : 1-8, 2-9, 3-55 0.

Potier..................... Redpa th................ Ya tes....................

16 13 7.2

4 I 0

69 68 47

w. 2 I 0

5.5 runs per over

KI NG's SCHOOL, CANTI!RB URY ''

R. M.

SUTTON's

Saturday, July 20th Aga in ~t stro ng opposition the School set about a veng ing the previo us week's defeat and with Potter bowling splendidly, catches held and fie lding light, the v i s it or~ were dism issed compa ratively cheaply.

Roche afte r a hesitant start soon found form and with definit e stre ngt h o n the leg side quic kly raised o ur tota l and made victo ry decisive. 255

TJJE R. M. SU110N'S X I J . J . Bell, b Potter. ................................... .. K. C. Girkin, c Vincent , b Redpath.... .......... P. A. C. Kelly, b Potte r.......... ........ . .. ........ B. R. French, b Potter.......... . ...... .... .. ........ B. Hughes, c Jo nes, b Potte r......... . . .... .. ..... .. D. Campbell, b Potter..... .... .. .... .. ....... ...... .. P. Germain, b Yates................................. H. J. Savage, b Potte r........ ........ .. .... ..... ...... J . 13. Phillips, c Vincent , b Yates................ .. . R. M. Sutton, not out........ .... .. .... .... ...... ... J . A. Macildowie, b Potter...... .. ...... .......... ... Extras............. .... .. .. .. ............. ... .... . ... T o tal. ............... . ... . ..... .. ... .. .........

CANTUA RI AN KING'S SCIIOOL

15 II 41 2 II

5 9 2 0 4 0 6

D. G . Jones, b Ph illips ...... ........................ J. Kearin, lbw, b Phillips.............. .......... .... . J. P. Roche, not out...... ...... .. .............. .... .. M. E. W. Vincent, b Phillips............ .... ...... R. E. F. Minns, not o ut.. .. .. .... .. .... .. ........ .. C. W. Yates r. C. Potter } W. E. .!Âˇ Minns did not bat D. J. Evans B. A. Isbill A. J . Redpath Extras................ .. .. ... ..... .... .. .. ...........

Total (3 wkts.)...... .......... .. ...... .. .. .

0 30 4 12 II

Fall of wickets : 1-17, 2-52, 3-62

Fall o f wickets : 1-0, 2-4, 3-34, 4-50, 5-63, 6-66, 7-70, 8-73, 9-82, I0-83 0.

~1.

Potter.. .................. . 16.4 7 Redpath.. .. .. .. .... .. .. I0 2 Yates........ .. .. .. ...... 6 I 2.4 r uns per over

23 38 16

7 I 2

..... 4

Phillips................. .. 13 3 6 0 Savage...... .... .. .. .. .. French.. ...... ........... 4 2 Campbell... ........ .... 4 0 Kelly..................... .2 0 3.2 runs per over

41 16 II 10 2

3 0 0

0 0

K ING'S SCIIOOL, CANTI.:RilURY I' T il E O.K.S.

Rain prevented the fini sh of this match and came after the O.K.S. had been dismissed before lunch; I his was a pity as the School were in the mood for victory and Roche needed only 6 runs in this game for his 500. Yet the m orning's play set against an overcast sky saw Potter reach 50 wickets in a spell of bowling which justified this ach ievement. So ended a season whose success matched e njoyme nt and where an experienced and fairly young side came up to full expectation with suitable a nd rewarding results.

THE

2ND

The standard of 2nd X I cricket this yea r has been higher than in recent seaso ns, a nd several members of the side would, in a less brilliant year, have performed with success in the 1st X I. In view o f this it is extremely disappoint ing tha t so few members o f the School have watched lhe matches, played often in perfect weather and with grea t verve. The striking feature of the seaso n has been the fostering of morale and team-spirit in which Williams, the ca pta in, has been so successfu l. He infused into the whole side an a ttitude of purposeful aggression which was most evident in the o ut-cricket; the close fielding was excellenthere the na mes o f Rollason as wicket-keeper, Price, O'Ciee and Hussey come 10 mind- and made the bowling attack look better than possibly its intrinsic merits deserved. The new ball was shared by Pritchard, Valpy a nd McElwee ; these three usually broke through the main o pposition ba tting, so that the opportunities for the other bowlers, Hussey, Price and Ba rren, were limited, though Price took 5 for 12 against C hatham Ho use a nd H ussey 3 for 12 agai nst Dover G .S. The most notable performances were by Pritchard, whose spell of 5 for 28 in 17 overs aga inst Eastbourne was one of the best pieces of fast bowling of recent years in the 2nd X I, McElwee a nd Valpy, with 5 for 9 a nd 5 for 20 respect ively against St. Lawrence, and McElwee with 7 for 3 1 against Dover G .S. Wha t of the batting? The runs have usually been made well with a so lid start being built on by the middle batsmen. II took some time before the opening partnership was settled, when Ractlifl' and Rollaso n did the job very capably. H ussey batted with application , Price with a comma nd a nd autho rity which placed him above the othe r batsmen of the side ; Wi lliams and Bennett were often in the happy positi on of fi nding 256

THE CANTUAR I AN runs easy to make after a sure foundation had been laid, and Williams' 68 not out in less than an hour against Dover was a memorable innings. The length of the batting wa~ most clearly demonstrated in the first match against R. M.S., Dover, when we got home by only two wickets after a tense struggle against a very good bowler. St. Lawrence were soon disposed o f by Va lpy and McElwee, and Price and Rollason easi ly knocked ofr the runs needed. The same pair batted excellently against Sutton Valence, with Hussey and Bennett adding some quick runs at the end, and the opposition were duly dismissed with three minutes to spare. Dover G.S. were defeated by 5 wickets through the bowling of McElwee and the batting of Ractliff, Ro llason and Pritchard ; the declaration against Dover College was left too late and we had to be content with a draw very much in our favour. The match against Chatham House was very even, with a draw the fairest result; against Eastbournc an inexplicable failure of the batting lost a game which could have been won. The fina l match against Sir R oger Manwood's was a more even draw than the score suggests. This record of 4 wins, 3 draws and one defeat docs not Oatter a good side, whose potential deserved better fortune than was sometimes granted it. G. P.R. RESULTS R.M.S., Dover, 57 K.S.C., 59 for 8 (Bennett 25 not; Coombs 7 for 25) St. Lawrence, Ramsgate, 30 (McElwee 5 for 9, Valpy 5 for 20) K.S.C., 33 for 2 K.S.C., 146 for 4 dec. (Price 44, Rollason 42) Sutton Valence 86 (Pritchard 4 for 26) D over G.S., Ill (McElwee 7 for 31) K.S.C., 116 for 5 (Ractliff 38, Pritchard 23 not) K.S.C., 166 for 6 dec. (Ractliff 27, Rollason 24, Williams 68 not) Dover, 36 for 9 K.S.C., 100 ( Ractliff 31, Bennett 27) Chatham H ouse, 86 for 8 (Price 5 for 12) Eastbourne 73 ( Pritchard 5 for 28) K.S.C.,41 Sir Roger Manwood's, 93 ( Pritchard 5 for 36) K.S.C., 59 for 8

THE 3Ro XI The formation of a regular 3rd X I has been a welcome innovation thi s year. They have played much cheerful cricket, but always in a sensible way, and have improved their standard over the term. Most important o f all , several members of a school game have had their first chance to represent the school, and there have been opportunit ies for promotion to the 2nd X I which might otherwise have been mi ssed; in this sense the fixture list has been exploratory, but we have been happy in findin g suitable opposition which has produced some exciting finishes. Of the officia l matches, the first two, aga inst Kent College and C hatham House, were lost, the latter by only one wicket; however, we won the return fixture against C hatham House by 7 wickets, and went o n to defeat R.M.S., Dover, 2nd X I twice, by 4 and 9 wickets respectively. The last match against Dover G.S. was rained onÂˇ. From this record the improvement of the side can be appreciated; the results, in spite of the loss of Ractliff and Barren to the 2nd Xf, have shown that the side has become more of a team, a fact for which the enthusiastic captaincy of Masters must take much credit. The most successful bowler has been Stanway, who took 15 wickets, ably supported by Barren before his promotion, and Alston, who took 9; the slower bowlers, Wilson and McNicoll, were only occasionally called on. Ashendcn improved over the season as a wicket-keeper and caught 8 catches, while the rest of the field ing was keen if not a lways cOcctivc. Of the bat~men who played in all the matches the most pro lific were Palmar and Gordon, while Masters and Wilson each played good innings on occasion. The following have played in the side: Masters, Barren, Ractliff, Pugh, Edwards, Palmar, Gordon, Stanway, Ashenden, Alston, Wilson, McNicoll , Simmonds, Tooth. G. P.R. R ESULTS K.S.C. , 83; Kent College, 86 for 6 K.S.C., 50; Chatham House, 51 for 9 Chatham House, 56; K.S.C., 58 for 3 R.M.S., Dover, 63; K.S.C., 66 for 6 R.M.S., Dover, 76 for 9 dec.; K.S.C., 78 for I 257

THE C ANTUARIAN

COLTS' Xl Won 2, Drawn I, Tied I, Lost 2 The Colts have played some good cric ket thi ~ season. Wickets have been hard, and the accredited batsmen, particularly Barber and Russell, have made plenty of runs. Usually the matches have gone well when we have batted first and made a sensible score, but when batting against a large total, or against time, our lower batsmen have sometimes lost their heads ; for example against K.C.S., W imbledon, who left us 113 to make, we were 90 for I wicket, and were all out for 113, and much the same happened against Ton bridge. A notable exceptio n to this was the last match, when Jo nes made 41 and Dale 38 not out at numbers 5 and 6 respectively. The bowling has been steady, with Maeildowie and Thorne opening the attack effectively. Tuohy has bowled well , and collected 7 for 48 against St. Lawre nce. H oile has kept w icket a nd has improved throughout the term into a sound performer. Colours were awarded to Barber, Russell, Ande rson, Mac ildowie, Hoile, T uo hy, Thorne, Jo nes and Da le. J .S. H .

JUNIOR COLTS The J unior Colts have shown themselves to be a happy and confident side, full of talent with both bat and bal l. Baxter has been a n excellent wicket-keeper and a conscientious captain, a lthough due to lack of experience, has not always ma de best use of the forces at his command. Several of the matches had an exciting finish, e specially against Dover, whe re the winning run was scored in the last over, and against Tonbridge, when Stewart and McClelland won the game with a cheerful abandon in a last wicket stand o f thirty-five. C larke has been the most successfu l batsman, but Baxter, Carey, Langridge, Stewart , Parsons and M cClelland have also done well. Rudgard has shown much promise a s a fast bowler. Tatchell has bowled his slow left-arm leg breaks w ith considerable success and Baker and Carey have also taken their share of the wickets. RESULTS K.S.C. 110; R.M .S., D over 39 for 7 K.S.C. 130 for 5; Kent College 37 K.S.C. 100 for 7; Sutton Valence 57 for 7 Tunbridge 65; K.S.C. 67 for 9 Dover College 79; K.S.C. 80 for 6 K.S.C. 127 for 6; St. Lawrence, Ramsgate 39 for 8 K.S.C. 108; Eastbourne 110 for 4 K.S.C. 95 for 5; Sir Roger Manwood's 98 for 4

Drawn Won Drawn Won Won Drawn Lost Lost

UNDER FOURTEENS C hiefly owing to weakness in reliable batting, this has not been quite so successful a season for the Under 14 XI. Of eight matches played- our final fixture with Maidstone was cancelled because of the 'bus strike--four were lost, three won, and one drawn . Only C hatham H ouse , however, demonstrated a convincing superiority over us; and there was plenty of ta lent in the team , even though some of it was rather e rrat ic. Stewart, a capable captain, Williams, H awthorne and Townson proved themselves effective a ll-rounders: the fielding was competent, and the team played well together. J.B.W. 258

THE

CANTUA RlAN

THE BOAT CLUB 1sT

The 1st VIII began its summer training a~ in previous years with a week at Cambridge, where the fine Jesus College boathouse was again put at our disposal. The weather was kind and the crew made good usc of it; about 60 miles were covered, including two long trips to Clayhythe, and there were some useful outings in company with Jesus College boats. This annual visit to Cambridge never fails to be of great value to the School and we are most grateful to .Jesus College 13.C. fo r their continued interest and kindness. Back at Pluck's Gutter the crew had about three weeks in which to prepare for Twickenham Regatta . During this period they were not well together, especially in the middle of the boat, and this prevented their achieving a high rate of striking with confidence. But the individual bladework continued to improve and there was always plenty of life and attack in the crew's rowing. Although the e ight were still eligible for the junior-senior class, it was decided to enter for Thames Cup events at the pre-Hen ley regattas; a school crew has o nly a sporting chance of wi nning more than a heat or two in a Thames Cup event which is for senior oarsmen, but the much harder racing which this class entails is of greater value to a crew hoping to do well at Henley, even though the results may be less spectacular. Certainly the crew's showing at Twickcnham and Walton showed them to be well above junior-senior class.

TWICKEN.HAM REGATTA In the Thames Cup event, the School drew a bye into the semi-final, where they met a strong London R.C. crew, who had beaten St. Paul's in the first round. London R.C. had a better start than the School and led at once but they did not increase their lead appreciably over the course. Once they settled down the School rowed well in the very rough conditions, and they kept London to a three-quarter length lead at the finish. London went on to win the final against Vesl<l. The Sund{ly Times correspondent the next day said that the showing of King's and St. Paul's against London was the high light of the regatta. Arter Twickenham, coaching of the eights sufl'cred a set-back when, owing to a severe outbreak of "footand-mouth" disease, the land across which the towpath runs was declared a prohibited area. This meant that for a month , i.e., almost until Henley, the Vlll had no coaching from the side. The outboard tub of Grove Ferry days was pressed back into service and, although it displayed a reluctance to travel faster than about half the speed of the VI II, or even on occasions to remain in one piece, it helped coaches to keep in occasional contact with their charges. At other times coaches coxed their respective crews; although at times exasperating, this proved on the whole an instructive and refreshing experience for both coach and crew. Certainly the 2nd VJ!T steaming majestically up the river like a battle-cruiser with some 13 stone or cox and a very few inches of freeboard was one or the memorable sights of the summer.

WALTON REGATTA Conditions at Walton were fine and sunny, but there was a stiffish head-wind. In the Thames Cup the School made a slow start against Lensbury and were soon nearly a length down , but a determined spurt at the half-way mark took them steadily past and they rowed strongly up the enclosures to win by a length . .I n the semi-final the School met The Queen's College, Oxl'ord, who finished Head of the River in the Oxford Summer E ights; they were a strong crew and led from the start , but the School raced them hard and did well to keep the margin at the finish to just over a length. It was most encouraging that the School's rating never dropped below 36 and they kept their form to the end of the race. Queen's lost the final to Crowland, who had beaten St. Paul's in the other semi-fina l.

HENLEY ROYAL REGATTA During the three weeks between Walton and Henley the VJll continued to improve steadily. They were by this time well together and had a firm grip of the water behind the rigger. They worked their blades hard in the water, and the run of the boat in both paddling and rowing was most encouraging. We moved to Henley on the Saturday before the regatta; in the afternoon a good trial course was rowed in company with Quintin B.C., whom we led at the fin ish by about a length in the promising time of 7 mins. 6 sees. Lively and enjoyable practice outings were also had on Monday and Tuesday with Jesus College, Imperial College and Thames II , the outstanding feature of which was the great improvement in the start s. In the Princess Elizabeth Cup we drew Winchester in the first round.

259

THE C ANTUARlA N WEDNESDAY: v Winchester. The School struck 42 in one of the best starts this writer has seen a school crew do and led from the first stroke. They were a length up at the quarter-mile signal and steadily increased this led to win by 3! lengths in 7.19. This was not fast over the second part of the course, but the barrier time of 2.3 was the fastest of the day in the Elizabeth Cup. THURSDAY: v Westminster. T his was an excellent race. The School again secured an early lead of threequarters of a length and reached the barrier in 2.3. From here to Fawley, Westminster fought back hard and reduced the lead to about qua rter length. From Fawley to the enclosures there was seldom more than this distance between the crews, but at the " Hole-in-the-wall" the School drew away in a fi ne spurt to win by three-quarters of a length in 7. 12. FRIDAY: Semi-final v Shrewsbury. Both crews struck over 40 onÂˇ the start and although the School were in fron t for a few strokes, Sh rewsbury soon gained a small lead. At the barrier, reached in the record time of 1.59, they led by hal f a length . From here to the mile the lead varied from three-quarters to ha lf a length with the School fighting a ll the way, but up the enclosures Shrewsbury's final spurt was more effective and they won by one length . This was a magnificent race in which, in a temperature of 84 degrees, neither crew struck less than 35 over the.: whole course. It was no surprise to find that Shrewsbury's t ime of 6.56 was a new record fo r the Princess Elizabeth C up, the previous best being 6.57 by Radley in 1952. The School a lso were only two seconds outside the o ld record. ln the other semi-final, St. Pau l's had a close race with St. Edward's, Oxford, to win by half a length in 6.59. After all this excitement the final was a little disappointing, for a closer race had been expected. But St. Paul's gained an early lead over Shrewsbury, wh ich they steadily increased, and they rowed up the enclosures splendidly to win by I} lengths. Once again the schools' event produced some of the keenestcontested racing in the regatta, and the better schools compared favou rably with many Ladies' Plate and T hames Cup crews. It was, in all, a memorable Henley, with glo rious weather, ideal conditions of wind and water a nd some fine racing. The performance of the mi'g hty Cornell crew, who, in beating the Russians, lowered the course record by no less than 8 seconds to 6.30, was perhaps the greatest thri ll of all , but watching Davidge and Leadley, who rowed their Russian opponents in the Goblets to a standstill, was a sight to cheer the hearts o f British oarsmen. This year's 1st VIII was the fastest the School has yet produced and on the ir Henley showing, the third or fourth fastest school eight in the country. Although they did not reach the final, they can draw considerable consolation from having driven Shrewsbury to a new record, and to have covered the Henley distance in less than seven minutes is something few schools have done. They rowed some 500 miles in practice, and throughout the season showed an enthusiasm for hard work and a capacity to enjoy the ir boating under all conditions which was the main reason for their success. They were stroked with coolness and judgment by J. R. Frew and N. D. Gillett again showed his skill and assurance as cox. Above all, the crew have owed much toP. F. Valpy, who in his two years as captain has set a fine example of enthu; iasm and determination in inspiring a crew which it has been a most rewarding experience to coach. D .S.G.

....

2ND Vlli From the beginning of term the 2nd Vllf settled down rapidly into the useful combination which had been built up the previous term, the crew being on their feet and quite well together. During the three weeks before the first regatta the work was increased in the water, as was the distance paddled and later rowed. Consequently the rate of striking was raised with the crew working well together. At Twickenham Regatta, in the Schools' events, we were drawn against Emmanuel School 1st VIII in the first round. Although they rowed well up to their form at that time, they lost by o ne length This was quite a reasonable start as Emmanuel fini shed in the same position as our 1st VIII in the Schools' Head of the R iver race last term. In the fortnight between this regatta and Walton the crew's efforts were mainly concentrated on working thei r blades harder through the water, while still maintaining length and stride. They made good progress, the rate of striking reaching 33 while the boat ra n well with appreciable coverage. At Wa lton Regatta, wit h a bye in the fir st round, the crew rowed Kingston G rammar School 1st Vlll in the semi-fina l of the Schools' Eight s. They had a good start and rowing a comfortable 32-33 over most of the course, won by It lengths. This is the thi rd year in succession that the 2nd VII I has beaten Kingston

260

THE CANTUARIAN in this event. In the final , we again met Emmanuel and a very good race ensued. Rowing very well off the start, the School led by a canvas over the first pari of the course. T hey were not strong enough, however, to ho ld onÂˇ the opposition, which gradually d rew level about half-way a nd went on to win by half a lengt h. In the interva l between Walton and Marlow Regattas emphasis was still laid on the points previously mentioned, and in practice rows the crew showed that they had become quite a fast eight. At Marlow we drew Eton in the first round of the Public Schools' Vase and, a lthough the crew rowed well, they could hold Eton for only the first mi nute, after which they drew away steadily to win by three lengths, the distance by which they also beat Shrewsbury in the fina l. Again our thanks a re due to Mr. a nd Mrs. Whalley, who so kindly gave the crew hospitality at Marlow. I should a lso like to ment ion that it has been a pleasure to coach a crew which has been so keen to row hard, and thus become, after rather doubtful beginnings last term, one of our fastest second eights. N.H.S.

COLTS' VlH ..

The po licy this yea r has been to concentrate o n materia l which though perhaps rather young would give for the most part severa l seasons of useful service to the C lub. The res ult of this has been a crew which was on the inexperienced and light side, but which has been extremely keen and has lea rnt to race hard and sensibly. Work began at Fordwich in the Easter Term with plenty of tubbing and outings in fours, often together, which proved enjoyable a nd quite effective. By the end o f term we were able to go down to Plucks Gutter and found that an eight presented few difficulties as far as balance was concerned after the fours. In the Summer Term, after the first fo rtnight, the work was a ll in the eight. The crew developed well once they had realised that their purpose in the boat was to move it fast rather than to look pretty, and they gave a good account of themselves in their first race against U.C.S. Colts at Richmond on June llth, winn ing by half a length after going down nearly a length on a rather poor start. Though this was not a particularly good row, it was an object lesson in the art of winning races from behind. The crew went to Pangbourne Colts' VUI Regatta on June 22nd, drawing Westminster in the first round. Once again the start was no t good so that Westminster were soon up a little and this time, despite repeated effo rts, no impression could be made and they won by a length and a half. It was extremely unfortunate that because of illness one member of the crew was not able to row again in the losers' competition which is an excellent feature o f the regatta. However, we were lucky to be able to bo rrow a very willing and competent s ubstitute from Shrewsbury. This "combined" crew rowed extremely well in the afternoon against St. Edward's, Oxford, to lose by only half a length after a n excellent race. We sho uld like to record here o ur very great grati tude to Mrs. Horto n and Mrs. Wilson, who put us up in Reading fo r the previous night and who made the regatta not only possible for us but most enjoyable. Our thanks a rc also due to those who have helped us in many ways throughout the year, including those who tubbed with us in the Easter Term but who could not be found places in the eventua l crew. R.D. H.R.

THE CREWS lst VJ/1.- A. T. Webb, bow; P. C. Ament, 2; J. B. C. Balkwill, 3; R. H . C roxford, 4; P. P. Valpy, 5;

T. N. Harke, 6; T . C. J. C henevix-Trench, 7; J. R. Frew, stroke; N.D. Gillett, cox. 2nd V/1/.- J. C. G. Smith, bow ; A. P. G . Stanley-Smith, 2; H. A. Brown, 3; T . Jardine-Brown, 4; N . D evoil, 5; A. C. R. Cobb, 6; C. H. G. de B. Tempest-Radford, 7; E. A. J. Gardener, stroke; A. M. Williamson, cox. Colts' JII/1.- R . D . B. Hindley, bow; M. J. Stevenson, 2; D . W. Horton, 3; S. C. Farmer, 4; R. B. Bussell, 5; J. B. S. Fielding, 6; M. Hadfield, 7; M. E. Bill inghu rst, stroke; M. M. Hall, cox.

FORDWICH There has been a full programme of tubbing and fours at Fordwich this term. It was unfortunate that owing to the absence o f a boatman in the early part o f the term, certain essential repairs to fours prevented the ladder system of racing from being fully used this year. In its place, for this year only, the League Fours competition was run on a knock-out basis in three d ivisions. These were well contested, producing some keen racing and they resulted in well-deserved victo ries for Luxmoore "A", Grange "B" and Luxmoore "C" .

261

THE CANTUARIAN A new system of organising outings was introduced with considerable success during the term, by which fours outings arc staggered and a carefully-prepared daily timetable now prevents congestion at the landingstage. Throughout the season, R. I. Baker has been a most hard-work ing and cfllcicnt secretary and we arc all most grateful to him for a ll he has done for us. We arc a lso very pleased to welcome Mr. P. D. Willis, who has joined us as boatman recent ly and we hope that he wi ll be very happy with us. Senior House Fours were rowed during the week after Henley and provided some interesting racing. The first round resulted in some easy wins, but in the semi-final, Galpin's, with four Fi rst Colours, were hard put to it to beat Walpo le, the margin at the finish being only one second. In the other semi-final there was a good race between the holders, School House, and Grange, resulting in a win for School House. In the final, Galpin's had a very good row and stead ily rowed down School House to win by about two lengths. On the same afternoon, the sculling events were decided ; the Whalley C up for seniors was won by J . B. C. Balkwill , who beat T. C. J. Chcnevix-Trcnch in the fin al, while the final of the Damsel C up fo r j un iors resulted in a win for A. A. Elworthy over R. N. Nash. We arc most grateful to Mrs. Shirley for presenting the trophies, and her al fresco entertainment of the fin alists afterwards was a much appreciated kindness. We can never cease to be grateful to the many kind people who help us in one way o r another in making o ur rowing both successful and enjoyable. We would e>pecially like to thank Mr. Lynch for his continued generosity in providing boat transport; Mr. Ament for hi< comtant advice and encouragement; David Ryeland, whose work in fi lming the crew has been of great value to them; Mr. Caswell for giving up so much spare time to training the c rews on land, and Miss Burton for providi ng the 1st VIII with such excellent meals. Fina lly, we would like to thank a ll tho;e kind friends whose m~'~ages o f good luck and whose support at regattas has meant so much to the crews. D .S.G.

TENNIS As predicted, this year's 1st VI was greatly improved. We had two pairs fro m last year, and we were lucky to find talent in D . C. C. Stevenson and P. J. Pilzer, who made up the third pair. Last year we suffered heavy defeats against K. C.S., Wimbledon, a nd Eastbourne. The general imp rovement in the team can well be seen by this year's results. We lost very narrowly to K.C.S. 4-5, and to Eastbourne 3- 5 (one match wh ich was going in o ur favour had to be abandoned). In our new fixture against Highgate we won 5-4. Against Dover College we played on grass, and it took some time for the team to grow accustomed to the speed and height at which the ball left the ground. We played badly during the first half hour, and this cost us the match. T he fina l result was 4- 5 to D over- a disappointment after beating them last year. We produced o ur best form against St. Lawrence, Ramsgate, winning 7-2. Everyone played well, and there was a minimum of loose shots. We a lso improved on last year's result against Sutton Valence, defeating them 6- 3. Our annual mixed doubles matc h with Bcncnden School had to be cancelled last year beca use of rain ; howeve r, with the elements on our side o n July 13th, we spent a most enjoyable afternoon. Thus at the time of writing we have played seven matches, won three and l o~t fou r, with the O.K.S. match to come. C. J. M. Jewison has gained greater pace and power in hi< s hots, and shou ld be a very good player next season. J. A . G . Stewart a nd J. G. A. Headley have played consistently well together; their shots have gained in power and accuracy, enough indeed to make them a worrying combination for any opposing first pair. Although Stevenson a nd Pilzer lacked the experience of the o ther pairs in match double play, they have proved invaluable on occasions. Stevenson is the steadiest player of the team, and Pilzer certainly possesses the strongest service. We have high hopes for next year's team, with the first pair, Headley and possibly Stewart o f the second pair, and Pilzer of the third, remaining. Our thanks must be extended to Mr. Gay, our coach, without whose invaluable assistance the standard of tennis in the team wou ld be considerably lower, to Mr. Gross for his interest, encouragement, and help, and finally to Miss Burton fo r the excellent teas she has provided. J.A.T.

262

THE 1st VIU SEEN FROM HENLEY BRlDGE

[G. Bus/tell

-~~----~......,_---1

[Entwistle

THE 1st Vlll

Back Row: A. T. Webb, J . B. C. Bal kwill, R. C roxford, P. E. Ament Seated: P. F. Valpy (Capt.), T. C. Chenevix-Trench, D. S. Goodes, Esq., J. R. Frew, T. N . Harke N.D. G illett

- -1

-Â· .

~--

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. ...

THE CANTUARIAN

SWIMMING CLUB Swimming continues to enlarge and expand in its outlook and activities. The senior team has had one of its best seasons for many years, losing only one match; and the colts and junior teams acquitted themselves well enough to show that there is a wealth of talent coming up the School. Trai ning has been more intensive this year and this is beginning to pay dividends; the general stamina and technique has improved, when measured against anyone on part-time swimming. Outside the actual swimming teams, classes have been held for life saving awards and a lso for nonswimmers. Other classes have been held for boys outside the Swimming Club to learn the various strokes. All this coupled with the Swimming Sports, Standards and General Bathes has meant that the Pool has been in continual usc and that swimming as an activity ta kes in the whole school. M.C.C. K ING'S S CHOOL, CANTERBURY I' ST. L AWRCNCE, RAMSGATC

.. .

The match was won by an easy margin, surprising for so early in the season. A definite weakness in breaststroke was apparent, but the other strokes had mainly their own way. Both relays were won with the changeovers going very smoothly. Fin burgh and Stiven had a stiff match in the diving but pulled a head to win by a small margin. The Colts also showed strength with Edwa rds, Hayworth and Warwick-Evans swimming well. Seuiors.- 100 Yards Freestyle: ( I) Elcock, 62.2; (2) St. Lawrence; (3) Stiven, 70.0; (4) St. Lawrence. 33 Yards Freestyle: ( I) St. Lawrence; (2) Elcock, 18.0; (3) Green, 19.4; (4) St. Lawrence. 66 Yards Breaststroke: ( I) St. Lawrence; (2) Lilly, 55.2; (3 = ) Lcbish a nd St. Lawrence, 56.3. 66 Yards Backstroke: (I) Lilly, 49.2; (2) Stevens, 51.6; (3) St. Lawrence; (4) St. Lawrence. 33 Yards Butterfly: ( I) St. Lawrence; (2 = ) Bates, Elcock, 24.4; (4) St. Lawrence, 24.8. 4 x 33 Yards Straight Relay: (I) K.S.C., 76.5; (2) St. Lawrence, 79.4. 3 x 33 Yards Medley Relay: ( I) K.S.C., 63.5; (2) St. Lawrence, 64.2. Result: Win for K.S.C. by 47} points to 20!. Colts.- 66 Yards Freestyle: ( I) Edwards, 42.2; (2) St. Lawrence, 44.0; (3) Hayworth, 45.7; (4) St. Lawrence. 33 Yards Breast-stroke: ( I) St. Lawrence, 23.9; (2) Nicholls, 24.8; (3) Ingram, 24.9; (4) St. Lawrence. 33 Yards Back-stroke: ( I) Wa rwick-Evans, 2 1.8; (2) St. Lawrence, 23.0; (3) Allen , 23.0 ; (4) St. L'lwrence, 26.8. 4 x 33 Yards Straight Relay: ( I) K.S.C., 80.0; (2) St. Lawrence, 80.4. 3 x 33 Yards Medley Relay: ( I ) K.S.C., 66.4; (2) St. Lawrence, 69.4. Diving: (I) St. Lawrence; (2) St. Lawrence; (3) Warwick-Evans; (4) Yates. Result: Win for K.S.C. by 31 points to 19 points. KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

TONURIDGE

Tonbridgc provided an unexpectedly strong team , which the Seniors narrowly beat and which beat the Colts soundly. Although the general sta ndard of times has risen it is evident that much will have to be done if the City of London are to be beaten. Lilly broke the back-stroke record in 48.5 seconds, but was just beaten. The divers continued to do well, with Stiven first and Finburgh second. Two other records were broken by Elcock with times of 61.4 a nd 17.3 in the 100 Yards and 33 Yards Freestyle. In spite of their heavy defeat, Edwards and Warwick-Evans excelled for the Colts. Seniors.- 100 Yards Freestyle: (I) Elcock, 61.4; (2) Tonbridge, 68.3; (3) Stiven; (4) Tonbridge. 33 Yards Freestyle: (I) Elcock, 17.3; (2) Ca mp, 18.4; (3) Tonbridge, 18.5; (4) Tonbridge. 66 Yards Breast-stroke: (I) Tonbridge, 51.1; (2) Ton bridge, 52.0; (3) Lcbish, 55.3; (4) Lilly, 56.5. 66 Yards Backstroke: ( I) Tonbridge, 48.2; (2) Lilly, 48.5; (3) Stevens, 51.0; (4) Tonbridge. 66 Yards Butterfly: ( 1) Tonbridge, 53.5; (2) Bates, 57.0; (3) Tonbridge, 57. 1; (4) Green, 61.0. Diving: (I) Stiven; (2) Finburgh; (3) Tonbridgc ; (4) Tonbridge. 4 x 33 Yards Straight Relay: ( I) K.S.C., 71.2 ; (2) Tonbridgc. 3 x 33 Yards Medley Relay: ( I) Tonbridge, 63.0; (2) K.S.C., 63.9. R esult: Win for K.S.C. by 37 points to 31. Colts.-66 Yards Freestyle: (I) Tonbridge, 39.8; (2) Edwa rds, 41.5 ; (3) Ton bridge, 43.0; (4) Hayworth, 44.8. (Records by Edwards and Hayworth in Colts and Juniors respectively.) 33 Yards Freestyle: (I) Tonbridge, 17.4; (2) Edwards, 19.0; (3) Tonbridge, 20.0; (4) Hayworth, 20.2. 66 Yards Breast-stroke: (I) Tonbridge, 52.7; (2) Nicholls, 56.0; (3) Khanna, 55.7; (4) Tonbridge. 33 Yards Back-stroke: ( I) WarwickEvans, 22.0; (2) Allen, 22.5; (3) Tonbridge, 23.4; (4) Tonbridgc. Diving: ( I) Warwick-Evans; (2) Tonbridge; (3) Tonbridge; (4) Yates. 4 x 33 Ya rds Straight Relay: (I) Tonbridge, 75.9 ; (2) K.S.C. 3 x 33 Yards Medley Relay: (I) Ton bridge, 87.4; (2) K.S. C. Result: Win for Ton bridge by 36 points to 23 points. 263

THE CANTUAR lAN KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V CITY OF LONDO N AND HiGHGATE

Both City of London and Highgate were beaten for the first time ever. Lilly, Stivcn and Camp swam well: and together with our victory in one relay and our second place in another we managed to pull ahead by one point at the finish. Elcock won both his events with a record time in the 33 Yards Freestyle of 17.2 sees. The Juniors showed all-round ability with Hayworth holding the team together. Seuiors.- 100 Yards Freestyle: (I) Elcock, 6.17; (2) C.L., 62.8; (3) H., 71.4. (I) C.L., 67.8; (2) Stivcn, 72.2; (3) H. 33 Yards Freestyle: ( I ) Elcock, 17.2; (2) C. L., 18.0; (3) H., 18.4. ( I ) Camp, 18.0; (2) C.L., 18.3; (3) H., 19.7. 100 Yards Back-stroke: ( I ) H., 75.1; (2) C. L., 76.8; (3) Stevens, 84.0. ( I) Lilly, 77.8; (2) C.L., 88.3; (3) H. , 88.5. 100 Yards Breast-stroke: (I) H. 76.5; (2)C.L.,84.2; (3) Venn, 89.6. (I) H., 83.0; (2) C. L., 84.2; (3) N icholls, 88.2. 4 x 33 Yards Straight Relay: ( I) C.L. ; (2) K.S.C.; (3) H. 3 x 33 Yards Medley Relay: ( I) K.S.C.; (2) C.L. Highgate were disqualified. Diving: ( I ) II.; (2) C.L.; (3) Finburgh. ( I ) Stivcn ; (2) H .; (3) C.L. Result: Win for K.S.C. 31 points to C.L. 30 points and 1-1. 21 points. Colts.- 66 Yards Freestyle: ( I) J-1 ., 42.2; (2) ll ayworth, 42.5; (3) C. L., 45.2. (1) Perciva l, 46.3; (2) l-1., 46.5; (3) C.L., 49.8. 33 Yards Freestyle: ( 1) Hayworth, 19.2; (2) H., 20.2; (3) C. L., 21.7. ( l) H., 20.5; (2) Percival, 20.6; (3) C.L., 23.0. 33 Yards Back-stroke; ( I ) H. , 23.1; (2) Hayworth, 23.4; (3) C.L., 25.0. (J = )Harston and C.L., 25.8; (3) H. 33 Yards Breast-stroke: ( I) H. , 24.4; (2) C. L., 26.2; (3) Moss, 26.5. ( I ) H., 25.6; (2) Brodie, 27.0; (3) C. L., 27.2. Diving: ( 1) Bennett; (2) C.L.; (3) H. (1) Essamc; (2) H. ; (3) C.L. 4 x 33 Yards Straight Relay: (I) K.S.C.; (2) H.; (3) C.L. 3 x 33 Yards Medley Relay: (I) H.; (2) C.L.; (3) K.S.C. Result: Win for H ighgate with 34 points to K.S.C.'s 30t points and to City of London's 19t points.

Tti E BATII CLUB RELAY

We entered a stronger team than last year for the Public Schools Relay Match in London, and we succeeded in raising our position from 27th to 23rd out of 32 entries; our time was two second> faster. It is gratifying to feel that three of the best swimmers over this distance will be here next year. OTTERS CLUB MEDLEY RELAY

An otherwise very strong team was weakened by the lack of suitable senior breast-strokcrs: but Nicholls showed much promise for his age in swimming the leg. The School with a time two seconds slower than last year was placed 29th equal out of 35 entries. K INO'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V EASTilOURNE

We were beaten for the fi rst time this season by a n exceptionally strong Eastbourne team who won all but three of the senior events and who were backed up by strong second st rings. Lilly, Stevens, Camp and Kearin did much to close the gap in the scores, and we drew level only to be beaten by a very close margin in the last relay. The Colts were also out-classed, winning only two events and no relays. Edwards, WarwickEvans, Khanna and Yates swam well but could make little impression on the powerful Eastbournc team. Elcock broke the 100 Yards record in 61 seconds, and Edwards broke the Two Lengths Colt record in 41.2 seconds. Seuiors.- !00 Yards Freestyle: ( I) East bourne, 60.0; (2) Elcock, 61.0; (3) Camp, 70.5; (4) East bourne. 33 Yards Freestyle: (I) Eastbournc, 17.2; (2) Elcock, 17.4; (3) Camp, 18.6; (4) Eastbournc. 33 Yards Back-stroke: (I) Lilly, 20.3; (2) Stevens; (3) Eastbourne, 22.8; (4) Eastbournc, 23.2. 66 Yards Breaststroke: ( I) Kearin, 53.3; (2) Eastbourne, 56.2; (3) Lebish, 56.5; (4) Eastbourne. 33 Yards Butterfly: ( I) Eastbourne, 21.2; (2) Eastbournc, 22.0; (3) Bates, 23.0; (4) Green, 24.0. Diving: (I) Eastbourne; (2) Eastbourne; (3) Stiven; (4) Finburgh. 4 x 33 Yards Straight Relay: (I) Eastbourne, 71.0; (2) K.S.C., 71.9. 3 x 33 Yards Medley Relay: (I) K.S. C., 61.4; (2) Eastbourne 62.4. Result: Win for Eastbourne by 37 points to 31 points. Colts.--()6 Yards Freestyle: ( I) Eastbournc, 40.7; (2) Edwards, 41.2; (3) = Hayworth and Eastbourne, 44.7. 33 Yards Freestyle: (I) Eastbourne, 18.0; (2) = Edwards and Eastbourne, 18.6; (4) Ingram, 19.7. 33 Yards Breast-stroke: (I) = Khanna and Eastbourne, 25.0; (3) Eastbourne, 25.5; (4) Moss, 28.2. 33 Yards Back-stroke: (J) Eastbourne, 21.4; (2) Warwick-Evans, 21.8; (3) Allen, 22.4; (4) Eastbournc. Diving: (J ) Yates; (2) Easlbourne; (3) Bennett; (4) Eastbournc. 4 x 33 Yards Straight Relay: (I) Eastbourne, 75.7; (2) K.S.C., 76.9. 3 X 33 Yards Medley Relay: (l) Eastbourne, 64.8; (2) K.S.C., 66.0. Result: Win for Eastbourne by 39! points to K.S.C. 19! points. 264

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TH E C ANTUARIAN KING's SCHOOL, CANTERBURY v H.M.S. " WORCESTER" We had no trouble in taking an early lead, which we increased at almost every event. Of the two senior events we lost, the wa tche> recorded the same times in one, and the d iOcrence of a tenth o f a second in the other. Both relays were won by good swimming and superior take-overs. Our divers performed well in an un fa miliar bath too shallow fo r comfort which gave the tall Stiven a distinct disadvantage. Lilly and Stevens kept up a good pace, pulling away from the Wo rcester swimmers, and fi nally coming a close fi rst and second respectively with the others three-quarters of a lengt h beh ind. T he Colts were at last a ble to have their own way, winning all but one o f thei r events. Edwards, N icholls, Warwick-Evans were outstanding. A game of water polo was played after the match a nd the superior speed and handling of the backs gave us an advantage which was admi rably followed up. We fi nally won by three goals to n il. Seuiors.- 100 Yards F reestyle : ( I) Elcock, 61 .8 ; (2) Worcester, 67. 1; (3) St iven; (4) Wo rcester. 50 Ya rds F reestyle : ( I) Elcock, 27.2; (2) Worcester, 28.8 ; (3) Worcc>ter; (4) Fletcher. 100 Yards Breast-stroke : ( I) Wo rcester, 88.4; (2) Venn, 88.5 ; (3) Worce- ter ; (4) Lebish. 100 Yards Back-stro ke : ( I) Lilly, 33.8 ; (2) Stevens, 34.5; (3) Worcester; (4) W orcester. 50 Ya rd ~ Butterfl y: ( I) Wo rcester, 34.2; (2) Bates, 34.2; (3) Wo rcester; (4) Green. 4 x 25 Yards Straight Relay : ( I) K.S.C. ; (2) Worcester. 4 x 25 Ya rds Medley Relay : ( I) K.S.C.; (2) Worcester. D iving: ( I) rinburgh; (2) Worcester ; (3) Stiven ; (4) Wo,Âˇcester. Result : Win for K.S.C. by 50 points to 36. Colts.- 50 Yards Freestyle : ( I) Ed wards, 29.8; (2) Worcester, 29.9; (3) Hayworth ; (4) Worcester. 50 Yards Breast-stroke : ( I) Nicholls, 39. 1; (2) Khanna, 40.4 ; (3) Worcester; (4) Worcester. 50 Yards Back-stroke : ( I) Warwick-Evans, 36. 1; (2) Allen, 36.4; (3) Worcester ; (4) Worcester. Diving : {I) Worcester ; (2) Warwick- Evans ; (3) Worcester ; (4) Bennett. 4 x 25 Yards Straigh t Relay: {I) K .S.C.; (2) Worcester. 3 x 25 Yards Medley R elay: ( I) K.S.C.; (2) Wo rcester. Result: Win for K.S.C. by 38 points to 22 points.

SWI MMING SPORTS Luxmoore reta ined the Cup, lead ing Linacre at the fin ish by 115 points, the scores being: Luxmoore 275, Linacre 160, G ra nge 159, Wa lpole 150. Luxmoore won seven of the twelve Senior events and came second in four of the other fi ve in the Seniors. School House s howed superiority in the middle events and Grange superiority in the Juniors. The Jnd ividua l Medley was again won by E lcock (Luxmoore) in the record time o f I min. 46. 1 sees. , fo llowed by Camp (Grange) with 2 mins . I sec., and Wo rtley ( Linacre) 2 mins. 2 sees. Luxmoore had an easy draw in the W ater Polo and reached the final a fte r not too difficult matches with Meister Omers and G range, who were narrowly beaten, however, by 1- 0. Linacre made sho r t work o f School ll ouse in their first round but met very stiff opposit ion in Walpole, the game having to be scrapped after three lots of extra time. The game was re-started on the following day a nd Linacre romped home with a 2--0 victory. In tl>c fin al, Luxmoore showed their superiority in speed in the early part of the ga me, scoring two welldeser~e d goals in the first ha lf. I n the second half, Linacre had more of the 1>lay but were u nable to score and t he match ended in a 3- 0 victory to Luxmoore, who retain the Cup. R ES ULTS SEN IOR INDIVIDUAL MEDLI!Y.- ( 1) Elcock ( Lux.), I min. 46.1 sees. (record) ; (2) Camp (Gr.), 2 mins. I sec. ; (3) Wortley (Lin.), 2 mins. 2 sees. O NE LENGTH FREfSTYLt:.- {1) Elcock (Lux.), 17.3 sees.; (2) Camp (Gr.); (3) Stevens (Lux.). Two Lf:NGTii S F REESTYLE.- ( I) Elcock (Lux.), 38.1 sees. (record) ; (2) Stiven {Lux.); (3) March mont (Lux.). THRI!F. Ll!NGTIIS F REESTYLE.-( I) Camp (Gr.), 68.3 sees.; (2) Stiven ( Lux.); (3) Marchmont (Lux.). Two LENGTHS DACK-STROKE.- (1) War wick-Evans (M.O.), 49 sees. ; (2) Stevens (Lux.); (3) Lilly (Lin .) .. Two LENGTHS BRUAST-STROKE.- ( 1) K earin (W.), 55.3 sees. ; (2) Nicho lls (S.H .); (3) Evans (Lux.). O NE LENGTH lluTTEI<FLY.- ( 1) l bbetson (Lux .), 21.6 sees.); (2) Wo rtley (Lin.); (3) Bates (Lin.).

265

THE CANTU A RI AN LIFE-SAVING.- ( !) Stewart (Lux.), 30.0 sees. (record); (2) Lilly (Lin.); (3) Evans (Lux.). FIXED BOARD D IVING.- ( I) Finburgh (Lin.); (2) Stivcn (Lux.); (3) Warwick-Evans (M.O.). SPRINGBOARD DIVING. -( !) Stiven ( Lux.); (2) Finburgh (Lin.); (3) Bennett (Lin.). MEDLEY RELAY 3 x 1).- ( 1) Walpole, 65.0 sees.; (2) Luxmoore; (3) Linacre. STRAIGHT RELAY.- ( !) Luxmoore, 76. 1 sees. (record); (2) Walpole; (3) School House. MIDDLES ONE LENGTH FREESTYLE.- ( !) Edward~ (S.H.), 18.5 sees.; (2) Hayworth ( Lux.); (3) Maybury (W.). Two LENGTHS FREESTYLE. -( !) Edwards (S.H.), 43.8 sees. ; (2) Allen (Gr.); (3) Sherwell (Lin.). ONE LENGTH BACK-STROKE.- ( !) Allen (Gr.), 23.6 sees.; (2) Stringer (Gr.); (3) Leach (M.O.). Two LENOTIIS llREAST-SrROKE.- (1) Khanna (W.), 54.3 sees.; (2) Nicholl; (S.H .); (3) Maybury (W.). D IVING.- (!) Dennett (Lin.); (2) Hayworth (Lux.); (3) Essame (Gal.). STRAIGHT RELAY.- ( !) Walpole;l:(2) School House; (3) Linacre. JUN IOR S ONE LENGTH FREESTYLE.- ( !) Harston (W.), 19.3 sees.; (2) Percival (S.H.); (3) Tatchell (Lux.). Two LENGTHS FREESTYLE.- (!) Hayworth (Lux.), 47.3 sees.; (2) Perciva l (S.H.); (3) Brodie (Lin.). ONE LENGTH BACK-STROKE.-(1) Baker (Gr.), 23.8 sees.; (2) Baxter (Gr.); (3) Harston (W.). ONE LENGTH BREAST-STROKE.- (1) Baxter (Gr.), 25.3 sees.; (2) Jackson ( Lin.); (3) Carey (Lin.). MEDLEY RELAY.- (1) Linacre, 72.6 sees. (record); (2) Grange; (3) Luxmoore. The cups were kindly presented by Mrs. R ichard Barlow. I would like to thank the masters, especially Mr. Pay nter, Mr. Pollak, Dr. Dodd a nd Mr. Blumenau, for the help they have given to make swimm ing a pastime which the who le School can e njoy every day. Mr. Caswell, the coach of the C lub, has improved the standard of swimming here in the last two years by leaps a nd bounds, as is indicated by the fo rm of the Colts and Junio rs, who arc nearly up to Senior standard. G. A . ELCOCK.

SHOOTING NOTES T his term the Schoo l has for the first time competed at Bisley on the open range. T here have been two practices a week during the term, al various ranges close by. We are very grateful to Lieut.-Col. G ross and R.S.M. Herbert fo r organising this. The sta ndard of shooting that developed, aflelÂ· the initial difficulties of getting used to fi ring .303 rifles, was very high; this wa~ probably due to the high standard of small bore shooting achieved the term before. Here again, witho ut R.S.M . Herbert's excellent coaching we should not have reached such a standard. On July 2nd we met the Royal Marines in a match at Deal, under A~hburlon conditions. This gave us a fair indication of our standard, as the Marines had scnl their B islcy team off and we shot against their second team. The result was a tic, both teams of 7 scoring 423 (ex 490). R .S. M. Herbert has offered, very kindly indeed, to present one of his own medals each year to the person who scores the highest aggregate (200 yards + 500 yard>) during practice. This year it was presented to R . K. H olt. The results at Bislcy were as fo llows:TEAM COMPETITIONS Ash burton Shield (team of 8).- Piace 73; Score 482 (ex 560). Public Schools Snap Shoot ing Match (team of 8).- Piace 33; Score 420 (ex 595). Marling Challenge Cup (team of 8).- Piace 27; Score 294 (ex 403). Cadets Trophy (team of 2).- Piace 18; Score 124 (ex 140). Pul;>lic Schools Aggregate (team of 8).- Piace 19; Score 1,3 17 (ex 1,695).

666

TH E C A NTUA IUAN lNOIVIOUAL CoMPETITIONS

The Ninth Ma n, Marshall, scored 48 (ex 50) ; placed 2nd, received Bronze Medal. Spencer-Mellish and "Sunday Times" Medals representative for the School was R. K. Ho lt- not in Prize List. Schools' Hundred.- R. K. Ho lt 65. Ga le and Po lden Rifle. -R. K. Ho lt 123, score 66, won 10/-. Gale and Polden Revolver.- Oidrey 16, score 30, won 5/-; Lilly 21, score 29, won 5/- ; Ricketts 23, score 28, won 5/-; Payne 35, score 28, won 5/-. If o ne bears in mind that the School has not sent a team to Bisley before, these scores can be considered very good. The following were awarded Shooting Colours as a result :-R . K. Holt, R. A. Apcar, N. G . A. Payne, P. E. Lilly, C. G. Galla her, C. F . Oldrey, J. M. Atkins, H. J. Ricketts, A. D. T. Marshall . Also represented the School in the Cadets Trophy:- D . C. Ba rtley and J. D. Hamilton Paterso n (under 16). R.K.H.

GYMNASTICS CLUB The recently-formed Gymnastics Club has been meeting regularly on the Green Court throughout this term, attracting an interested and amused crowd of spectators at each meeting. In the short time that the Club has been in existence, it has reached a most impressive sta ndard, when the scarcity of equipment and the lack of a gymnasium are taken into account. But the gymnasium will be completed by the beginning of next term when we shall be able to widen our scope. Later this term we are giving a display of gymnastics to the Junio r King's School on their annua l Sports Day. We should like to extend our g rateful thanks to Mr. Caswell, without whose help and patience in our training we could never have succeeded with this ventu re. A.C.R.L.

OXFORD HOCKEY FESTIVAL REPORTS 3 v U l' I'ING HAM 2 King's started this game well and pressed hard for the fi rst twenty minutes, but it was Uppingham who scored first. Shortly after, Williams broke thro ugh and eq ua lised, the score remaining 1- 1 till half-time. For the firs t ten minutes of the second half, King's played attacking hockey and Potter twice broke through to score, but then Uppingham came once more into the game, but owing to bad shooting in front of the goal and some good goalkeeping by Roche, they o nly once broke through. KI NG'S SCIIOOL, CANTERBURY

K I NG'S SC.HOOL, CANTERBURY 2 v R UGBY 3 King's again started well but missed many opportunities in front of the goal whilst Rugby took their two opportunities and thus changed over at half-time with a useful lead. Rugby almost completely dominated the second ha lf but never looked rea lly dangerous, being well held by the King's defence. After increasing their lead fo llowing a short corner, Rugby continued to keep play in the King's half. In the last fi ve minutes, fi rst Minns, then Yates broke through to sco re, but by this stage it was too late to cha nge the fina l result. King's th roughout tried to push and flick tht: ball on a rough pi tch which was slowed down by the wet surface.

267

THE CANTUAR l AN KINO'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY I v CANFORU 2 This was a close game with both defences holding the opposing forwards well in check . Potter scored for King's when he gathered the ball inside his own half, burst through the Canford defence and scored from the edge of the circle. Just before half-time, Can ford scored following a short corner. The second half was also evenly contested, but in the last second of the game, the Canford right wing sent across a centre which was scrambled into the net. K ING's Scuoot-, CANTERBURY 4 v WI-tiTGIH I King's so completely dominated this game that Roche, the goal-keeper, did not touch the ball once during the who le of the second half. Whitgift scored in the first minute of the game when the King's defence was slow in tackling. From then onwards King's kept up a relentless attack but were on ly able to score once in t he first half when Yates beat the goal-keeper after a good run. King's went into the lead in the second half with a goal from Potter, s hot from a wide angle. This was fo llowed shortly after by one from Minns, and Potter completed the sco ring with a goal from a d ifficu lt position. Owing to bad fi nish ing after good approach work, the score did not fa irly represent King's s uperiority. KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY 3 v ST. EDWARD'S, OXFORD 0 King's again had far more of the play. That tbe score was not greater in their favour was due to some poor finishing by a forward line which had been reorganised after injuries. King's scored only once in the first half when Potter dribbled through after a good through pass from Minns. Several easy chances were missed in both halves of the game. T he second goal came when Jones ran down the left wing and put across a lovely pass for Potter to p ush in. Time and again chances were missed until Minns scored the third goal from a narrow angle. . Pritchard and Holmes-Johnson were outstanding in defence and Jones on the left wing had his best game of the festival.

O.K.S. NEWS J . W. STuuT ( 1951- 55) is taking a two-y.:ar course for the Nationa l Diploma of Agriculture at Shuttleworth College, Biggleswadc. M. W. SwiNIIOJ:-PIItLAN (1937-43) went to Nigeria in October, 1955, as site engineer when his firm started the construction of a Cement Works, costing over ÂŁ2 million . The factory was sited in real bush country about 35 miles from the neun:st town, Enugu, and will be the on ly cement works in West Africa . When it starts p roduction in July, 250 tons o f cement should be turn..:d o ut dai ly. He retu rned to th is cou ntry in February of this year, having fin ished h is part of the job. D. E. O'SULLIVAN ( 195 1- 55) is at the University of British Columbia. J . F. GLENNIE ( 1925 30) is now in Victoria, British Columbia, after spending over 20 years in the Sudan . He would like to contact uny other members in Victoria or Vancouver. His address is 4031 Palmetto Place, Victoria, British Columbia. A. G . S. DAVIES (1949- 53) has recently been transferred to the North-East Coast Laboratories of the British I ron and Steel Federation ncar M ic.ldlesbrough. D. E. H. CLEUG (1947- 5 1) has been working in India since he left School. At the Planters' Sports Week in the Nilgiri Hills every August he plays in the Rugger team with Nicl Vernede and John Gouldsbury. Tennis and golf arc his main sports, although he has been racing at Bangalore with an o ld 1936 Buick. Gykha na racing on the Mysore race course is organised once a year. JOHN P. B. SHEPHERD (1939-44) and PETER POLDEN (1942-45) are in Indonesia. The former is lecturing in a "Teachers University College" in the English Department. He was married in 1948. R . R. M. C. MALLINSON (1947- 51) is in the fourth year of Architecture in the A.A. in London, having passe:d his intermediate last year. R . 1-1. HowiE (1945-49), recently married, as reported elsewhere, su ited with his wife to South Africa on the 25th April to work for British Cellophane, Ltd., in Johannesburg. He CXJ>ects to be in South Africa for three years and would like to contact any other O.K.S. there and is very willing to assist any O.K.S. who arc thinking of going to the Union. His address in Johannesburg is: c/o Cellophane Distributors Africa (Pty) Ltd. , P.O. Box 433, Johannesburg, South Afr ica (to be marked Personal). 268

THE CANTUARTAN ANTHONY YouNG (1945- 50), as reported elsewhere, was married in June, 1956, and passed the Law portion of the Law Society's Intermediate Examination in November, 1956. Whilst at the Law Society's School he met D. M. Dirnbcrg (1945-48), who was read ing for the Final Examination. He is Secretary of the Thanct Labour Party Youth Section. P. C. V. LAWLESS ( 1919- 27) has now recovered from his recent illness and is teaching at Little Abbey, Adbury Park, Nr. Newbury. THE Rsv. D. I. HILL (1923- 31) has been appointed Vicar of St. Gregory the Great, Canterbury. DANIEL THORNDIKE (1934-38) is taking the part of The Wa rden of Judas in the musical comedy Zuleika at the Saville Theatre. THE MosT REV. HowARD MowLL ( 1903- 09), Archbishop of Sydney, opened in February the first section of a group of buildings of a Theological College to be erected by the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn as a memorial to all Australian nurses, doctors, chaplains and other non-combatants who have died on war service. The college, with provision for about 25 students, will cost ÂŁAIOO,OOO. A. J . 13. MOLONY ( 1936-40), after a temporary job in the Territorial Treasury at Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, has a post in the Inspection Department of Central African Airways. He and his Mother seem to have settled down very happily in their new life. Mrs. Molony misses the School Choir and suggests they should be sent on a tour of Rhodesia! K . V. JONES (1938-41) has had a busy year. He composed the music for a comedy film called Uncle George, and helped with the score for Fire Down Below, and when he wrote, was completing a score for a British Transport documentary film . He has also conducted the Rcdhill Choral Society in the Mozart Mass, and his own orchestra in a series of concerts. We congratulate him on his appointment to the permanent stanÂˇ of the Roya l College of Music. N . J. G. ScoTT (1947-48), Secretaryofthe Church Assembly, figured in the series Portraits of Personalities in the Church Times earlier this year. DESMOND K ELLY (1948- 53) sees KEITH FENTON (1948- 53) and MICHAEL LUPTON (1947-52), who arc both working in London, and also keeps in touch with ROGER LAWRENCE (1949- 54). When he last wrote he was in the middle of the Midwifery part of his training, and takes the first part of his Finals in October. MORRIS BuTLER (1942-47) qualified some months ago and has been working as a Casualty Officer at St. Thomas's. P. J . S. MuRRAY (1945-51) has qualified M. ll.Ch.B. (Cantab) and L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. TONY HALSEY ( 1949- 53) emigrated to Canada in May, having found work as an articled clerk in an accountant's office very fru strating. He is engaged to be ma rried. M. W. CHARLEY (1940-47) has forsaken the Bar for industry and has been studying engineering in his spare time, and when he wrote in June hoped soon to be able to call himself G.T.Meeh.E. He expects to enter the management consultancy field. MICHAEL READ (1951 - 57) hopes to enter Trinity College, Dublin, in October, to read History and Political Science. At present he is employed by his family firm in Liverpool as a trainee. TAN FowLER (1947-51) was called to the Bar in July. A. G . EYRE (1935-40) is now a Provincial Education Officer in Northern Nigeria. His responsibilities include two Boys' Seconda ry Schools, two Girls' Schools, a Teachers' Training College, a number of intermediate boys' boarding schools for ages 11- 14, with African Staffs, and 100 or so Elementary Schools scattered over some 40,000 square miles and an Adult Mass Literacy Scheme, with evening classes held in bush villages everywhere. One of his schools, on the border of the Sahara, had been open only three weeks when he visited it, but every child in the class (24 boys and 12 girls) could read and write words of two syllables- the most amazing progress he had met. He hopes to sec some more of the world before settling down in England. D . P. BUCHAN (1951 - 57) is at present doing clerical work in London but hopes to start reading for the Bar before he goes up to Oxford. J. S. LAMD (1936-41) has been working on a tea estate in Tanganyika for ten years. We are sorry to learn that his health has not been too good. He and his wife and two sons are spending their long leave on the Continent. C. G . S. PATERSON (1943-48) hopes to be home on leave in February or March of next year. He is working for the Assam Oil Company on the labour side, dealing with labour problems of a ll kinds and finds the job both interesting and rewarding, although it requires much patience. 269

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R . J.D. LYSAGHT ( 1953-56) is working in the steel industry and at the same time attending a Technical College to learn engineering. E. J. SMALMAN-SMITH ( 1951 - 56) has thoroughly e njoyed his Pre parato ry Schoolteaching during the past year. N. W . Borr ( 1949-53) is doing C lerical Work for Messrs. Elders & Fyffes, Ltd. R. M . S. CoRK ( 1943-48) writes happily from Canada where he a nd his wife emigra ted last year shortly after their marriage. He has a Research post at the Dunlop North American Research Centre where he is doing interesting work in a well-equipped laboratory. They have a comfortable apartment in Toronto overlooking t he Humber ravine. Bo th he and his wife belong to a C hurch C hoir with a high standard, and have sung many pieces which were familiar to him from his Canterbury days. He keeps in touch with C. M. REEVES ( 1943-48), who is working in Middlesbro ugh . The following have secured appointments through the Public Schoo ls Appointments Bureau:J. R . PECK (1950- 53) and A . R . BARTON ( 1951 - 54) with Messrs. Puttick Simpson & Co., Ltd., Fine Art Auctioneers and Valuers. I. D. MAITLAND ( 1949- 54) wit h Messrs. Winsor & Newton , Ltd. MALCOLM WILLIAMS (1950- 53) has been offered an apprenticeship with the S hell Pe tro leum Company in the face of strong competitio n . MONTAGUE TuRNOR ( 1946- 5 1) passed the Law Soc iety's Final Examination in March.

IN T HE SERVICES J. J . C. MALLINSON (1950- 54) is in Salisbury, Southern Rho desia, as an N.C.O. in the Staff Corps, training white T erritorials at King George VI Ba rracks. He can thoroughly recommend Southern Rhodesia and says there are a great many opportunities for a ll standa rds of education. He has met TONY WYLSON, who is now doing architecture in Blanty re in Nyasaland and who was ma rried last year to Pa tricia Cox in Salisbury. R. F ISHLOCK ( 1950- 1955) is doing his National Service in the R .A.F. a nd has managed to get into the R.A.F. crew for the Head of River Races a t Reading and Putney. J . M . H. JoHNSON ( 194 1- 1950) is a Lieutenant in the 1st Royal S ussex Regiment and is serving a threeyear spell of overseas duty. He has been in Korea and expects to go to Gibraltar. D. H. OGILVY ( 1951- 54) has been doing his National Service in H.M.S. Warrior since August, 1956. H e left Engla nd in February of this yea r and is in the Pac ific (Ch r istmas Isla nd a rea) for hyd rogen bomb tests. On the way ho me he says they w ill call at severa l South America n ports a nd arrive back in Engla nd towards the end of September. Since leaving School, he has been able to conti nue p laying rugby, cricket and other sports, and played in two Boys' Club Inte rnationals- England v Wales. O n leaving School he was training with Cadbury Bros., Ltd. , to become o ne of their representatives. W. C HIPPENDALE ( 1953- 56) has just returned from Aust ralia a nd New Zealand. J . R . T ATCHELL ( 1951 - 54) is serving in H. M.S. Buhvard, an aircraft carrier. He had met C. LAWRENCE ( 1950- 54), serving in H.M. Submarine Spouger, and R . BAIRD ( 1949- 54), who wen t to America in H. M.S. Duchess for the U.S. Naval Review. Tatchell h imself was expecting to go to 1he Far East. CAPTAIN M . W . M c D. CAIRNS {194 1-46) met LIEUT.-COL. J. A. R uNDALL {1928- 32) in Famagusta. He was amused recently to find himself fi guring tw ice in the photographs in the School Picture Book-once in the P.T. Group o n the Green Court , a nd o nce in the Guard o f Honour to . I. M. King George VI. He is, for the time being, a Brigade G .S.O. Il l in Cyprus, but, having passed the Staff College Examination last year, is hoping tha t he may be se lected fo r the Technical S taff Course at the Royal Military College o f Science. CAPTAIN J. W. ALLISON {1943-48), 1st Gloucestershire Regime nt, is also in Cyprus a fter serving in Ke nya and Aden, and has written a long and inte rest ing letter about his varied experie nces. W. N. WENBAN-SMJTH ( 1950- 55) is now a Mid>hipman R .N.V. R., as i5 R. J. SNELL ( 195 1- 56). T he form er has been serving in H.M .S. R edpoll and when he wrote was Âˇâ&#x20AC;˘ ro ll ing about ofT the Norwegian coast", and having a wonderful trip among the fjords, having visited Be rgen, Oslo, Golberg and Kristiansand. Snell is serving in H. M.S. Heron, a Royal Naval Air Station in Somerset. 270

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H . C. WBIITALL (1952- 54) is training a t Oxford a nd hoping to pass his W.O.S.B. M AJOR J. A. NORTIIOVER ( 1 937~ 1 ) is going to Cyprus to take up a command in t he New Year. P. R . N ewsoMe ( 1945- 51) has been recommznded for a pe rma ne nt commiss ion in the R.A .F. He wrote from Bassingbourn, ncar Royston, He rts. D. S. J ENK INS (1946--52) is also a Mids hipma n R. N.V.R ., a nd wrote from Cyprus, but was due back in Engla nd in July. P. B. H ARDING (1946-53), a lthough still in the Army, has been wo rking as a civilian , " living in ordina ry digs a nd wea ring o rdinary clothes". He is looking fo rward to going up to Oxford in Octo be r.

ENGAGEMENTS PIIILLIPS- .BREARLI!Y.- J . .B. Phi llips ( 1947- 52) to Miss Jean .Brearley. N ORIUS- CASSON.- R . 0. A. Norris ( 1946-5 1) to Miss Mary Casson .

BIRTH S CAIR NS.- On Fe bruary 5th, 1957, to Ka therine, wife of Captain M. W. McD . Cairns (1942~6) , T he Royal Lcicestershire Regiment, a son, Alistair T homas McDona ld (entered fo r K .S. fo r 1970). C II ICK.- On Apr il 29th, 1957, to Betty, wife o f Sir Lou is C hick (1920- 22), a da ughter. M ALLORIE.- On May 15th, 1957, to Ursula, wife of Sqn. Ldr. Pa ul Ma llorie (1934-39), a da ughter. MOOR. -On May 20th, 1957, to R uth, wife o f J ohn Moor (1945- 50), a son, Stephen Jo hn. MEEK.- On 17th J une, 1957, to Elizabeth, wife o f I. K. Meek ( 1938- 4 1) , a son, Nigel Kingsley.

MARRIAGES Yo uNG- C LARK E.-On J une 30th, 1956, A . Young (1945- 50) to Agnes Clarke. HOWIE- ADAMS.- On April 20th, 1957, R. H. Howie ( 1 945 ~9) to Miss A. M . Adam;.

DEATH ....

FINN.- On June 15th, 1957, Thomas Pc rshousc F inn (1903- 07). O.K.S . Golfing Society The O.K.S. Spring Meeting was held on Saturday, May 25th, 1957, at Rochester and Cobham Pa rk. The competition in the mo rning was for the Bovcnschcn Sa lver and the results were as fo llows:F. R . H a mp, Winne r 85 less 8 = 77 P. H. Arnold }wins o n last 9 89 less 8 = 81 G. Arnold 88 less 7 = 8 1 H. L. Pearse 94 less 12 = 82 M . Ph ilpott 92 less 9 = 83 H. C. Honey 98 less 15 = 83 J . C. Corben 93 less 9 = 84 The Scratch Prize was won by G . Arno ld. rn the afte rnoon the foursomes fo r the Bovenschen Cups were played. Results as fo llows:G . A . Young a nd H . L. Pearse 2 down P. H. Arnold a nd J . .Bennett 5 down } 5 down Won on last 9 G . Arno ld a nd J. C. Corbe n F. R. Hamp and R . Grinda l 6 down J . D. T winberrow and M. Philpott 9 down T he O.K.S. team lost to La ncing in the Halfo rd Hewitt by 3 matches to 2. The games we re very clo>e a nd we could just as easily have won t he ma tc h. T he sidt: is steadily improving and it is quite capable now of getting th rough several ro unds in the compet it ion. 271

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OBITUARIES RICHARD JAMES MARTIN 28TH NOVEMBER, 1941-7TH APRIL, 1957 It was with deep sorrow tha t the School learnt of the death on April 7th of Richa rd Martin after his long and often painful illness which took him away from the School in October of last year; and we offer to Mr. and Mrs. Ma rtin o ur sincere sympa thy in their long ordeal a nd loss. Ric ha rd came to La ttergate in September, 1954, and entered Galpin's in the following year . H e was very small a nd vocifero usly gay. He could not ta ke part in the more vigorous activities of the School, but made up for this in his work and his keenness in the c ho ral music for which he had so much scope. He was in the C ho ir a nd the Choral Society ; and wi ll be remembered for his engaging performances in the two G il bert and Sull ivan operas of last year. During h is ill ness he was a lways anxious for news of the Schoo l to which he was so passiona tely devoted ; and his visito rs from King's had to be well primed w ith every detail of what was happening whethe r it was the success o f the 1st XV, the arrangements fo r the H ouse Party or the progress of th~ Great H all. Even in his darkest moments he reta ined his unfailing cheer fu lness a nd h umour ; a nd the epitaph which best fit s him was the tribute paid to his memory by the Schooi- "To a gay a nd gallant member of the School." A. C. MOULE ( 1887- 9 1) lt was with deep regret that the School learnt of the deat h of the Rev. A. C. Moule at St. Leonard's-on-

Sea on July 6th. Arthur C h risto pher Moule was born on I 8th May, I873 at H angchow, C hina; he was the son of George Evans Moule, Bisho p in Mid-C hina . He entered K ing's in 1887 and during the next two years won J unior and Senior scholarships; by 1890 he was a mo nitor and e dito r of The Ca11111arian but he lost his last year through an attack of p le urisy which nea rly cos t him his life and did deprive h im of the use of o ne lung for the rest of his life. In spite o r these setbacks he went o n to Trinity College, Cambridge, w here he too k a Second C lass C lassical Tripos in I895. For some time a fter this he worked in the o ffice o f the a rchitect Walter Shirley (a relat io n o f the present headmaster, la ter Earl Fen·ers), who described him as a very shy and retiring person who instinctively saw the sort of things the pure in heart see. In 1900 he was in China building a c hurch in Tients in for the S. P.G. In I 904 he was ordained a missionary a nd was in c harge o f various sta tions until 1909, when he returned to England. He the n took va rio us livings until 1933, the most no table bei ng tha t ofTrumpingto n ; during this time he was a lso a ppoi nted Fellow of his college and gained his Litt.D . In 1933 he became Professor of C hinese La nguage a nd History at Cambridge, and he held this post un til the ret iring age or 65, taking the living o f Mundford in Norfolk when the war broke out. In 1904 he married Mabel W o llaston, a missionary of the S. P.G ., who survives him ; they ha d no ch ildre n. The Time~· of 7th July said : "Whe rever he was he investigated and threw light upon countless mailersChinese pigeon whistles, Ch inese musica l instruments, the exact history and meaning of the famou s Nestorian inscription of S iamfu, everything connected with M arco Po lo, the sacred mountain of Tai-am, the histo ry of Trumpington c hurch, G ingko nuts, silky fowls, the earliest •·tax i-cab", early reference to goldfish .... and he contributed innumerable art icles to learned journals. On a la rger sca le are his book Christians in China before 1550 ( l 930), which, to his a mazement, won him the Sta nisla us Julian Prize from the French Academy, and his s hare, with the late Professor Pe llio t, in the magnificent ed ition o f Marco Polo, planned a nd financed by Sir Perciva l David. He w rote to the last years of his life, and two works by him, The Rulers of China, 22 1 B.C. tu A. D. I!J4!J, and Quinsai, with uther Notl!s on Marco Polo, came o ut in the last twelve m on ths. Moule was first and foremost a convinced and earnest Christia n. H is most outsta nding characteristic was a n invinc ible love of truth ; he seemed incapable, except when praising others, of exaggeration: everything was measured and counted. Equally strong was his courage, mo ral and physical, displayed, though he did not know it, on numbers of occasio ns, among others at the siege o f Tientsin when his life was in great da nger. At that time he nursed the future Admiral Jellicoe to health w hen the Chinese had shot him through the lung. A nother marked characteristic was his modesty ; unaware of possessing any ability, he would have disputed hotly w ith a nyone who called him a scholar. Yet he spoke Pek inese like a na tive and showed time after time the scholar's a lmost uncanny power of dividing the meaning of some impossible C hinese sentence, or the bearing of a hithe rto unnoticed hint on t he true solution o f some a nc ient historical or geographical puzzle. His penetrating mind and dete rm inatio n to follow the evidence worked wonde rs."

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THE CANTUARTAN

CORRESPONDENCE 17 Ellington Road, Ramsgate, Kent. 2nd May, 1957.

Dear Sirs, As one who has been active in speaking and writing to expose the aims and methods of the Soviet Government's attack on Hungary, r feel that T must regret the attitude of "O.K.S. Oxon." in the Hilary Term number of The Callluarian. I may be wrong in thinking that it is morally inconsistent to condemn Khrushchev's aggression against Hunga1 y while approving Eden's aggression against Egypt: but could inhumanity si nk deeper than to regard either affair, or the protests aroused by them, as a joke? Supporters of Kadar and Khrushchev might say (or shout) "Exterminate the fascist scum!", but at least they have the grace to fee l strongly about the matter. I have not seen or read anything to make me think that here or in Russia such people could shout s logans of that sort light-heartedly or facetiously. To give them thei r due, those Stalinists whom I know personally are deeply distressed by it all, however wrong-headed they may be. However, "O. K.S. Oxon." is being unfair to those undergraduates who shrieked "Shoot the Wogs !" and other slogans of race-hatred at the an1i-war demonstrators. There was nothing humorous or casual about their demeanour. They were obviously quite hysterical with rage, bobbing up and down, and nearly falling from their windows with excitement. It was a n ugly scene, but sl ightly better than the detached amusement which the "Oxford Letter"' imagines in retrospect. I am not at all worried about the fact that "O.K.S. Oxon.'s" letter will make marvellous propaganda for Moscow in the colonial and undeveloped countries, as sharing the supposed attitudes of British undergraduates to them and to the Hungarians respectively, because I am not interested in helping the British Government to put its line across the people of those countries. But his letter does demonstrate that when we are engaged in condemning actions of the Stalinists, people like myself, and all those who call themselves Liberals, must in future be a great deal more particular about the company we keep. Yours, etc., ANTHONY YOUNG

(O.K.S., 1945-50).

Gaskyn s, Rudgwick, Horsnam, Sussex. 27th April, 1957. Dear Sirs, I was most interested in the letter published on the last page of your latest issue, concerning Jazz. Being an O.K.S. well trained in orchestral music myself while at School, I have a lasting appreciation for the great composers; nevertheless, since Canterbury days f have played clarinet for a number of English Traditional Jazz groups, whose main function is to create sincere joy within a framework of musical discipline. In its infancy, Jazz did not grow out of the gutter but was forced into it by a non-accepting society, and I feel it is unfortunate that "Classical Music" and "Afro-American folk music" do not show more tolerance toward each other in our Greater Public Schools, allowing musical art to make its own natural inevitable separate development. The noises of student jazz musicians conflicting with those of the "classicist" is most unfortunate and unfair. Could not a separate place, even though far inferior, be found in which to create a joyful sound? Thus a fai r encouragement, so often denied it, might be given to this aid to a wider and fuller outlook on life. Yours sincerely,

C. R.

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THE C ANTUARTAN Bowler's Piece, Watlington, Oxon. 24th June, 1957. To the Editors

o/THE CANTUARIAN.

FI FTY YEARS ON, FROM 1907 Dear Sirs, I have waited for two years, hopefully but in vain, for some contemporary to add a nother side to Saw's article "Fifty Years Back" (p. 116 of Vol. xxvi, No. 2). Besides the Masters he mentioned, there were others under whom I sat more successfully, and whom I remember with gratitude. Perhaps I started with Mr. Reay, very early on, with a large class in a dark room under the Parry "Library", later it was "Stinks"; a nd there was "Matl1s" with Mr. Rosenberg- and of course Mr. "Porn Pom ", (Jerry) Guest. T he latter's Army Classes were at times riotous, and we used to say that we taught him; but nobody played tricks with Mr. Rosenberg. Never to be forgotten were the faces made by Mr. Percy Godfrey, both in Chapel and at practices; and he gave us a wonderful grounding in singing, with his " Loaf ah muss'na tar-y heer" at "Penny Readings", and more serious concerts. How 1>ery fast our elders and betters, such as Mr. Maundrell , Toml in and Bovenschen, seemed to run in those days ! Does the monitor in charge o f junior Rugger games st ill ca rry a cane, to encourage the laggards to get down into the serum quickly and shove? Is there sti ll "swipes" after Runs, regardless of whether one ran fa r or fast? rs "Stump Cricket" still played in the Mint Yard, or is it too congested now? A re "carte de visite" photographs still exchanged by contemporaries? I sti ll have my "Rogues' Gallery". I ndeed, those were the days, to look back on with affection and no regrets, and with Bell Harry to look up to and remember through the years. Yours sincerely, H. H. E. GossET (O.K.S., 1902-07).

19 Langside Avenue, London, S.W.J5. 15th J uly, 1957 To the Et/itors of T HE CANTUARI AN. Dear Sirs, I n the last number you k indly included a letter from me in which, amongst other matters, I invited young O.K.S. to let me have a ny views they might have on the scope of the Associat ion. One O.K.S. wrote to me suggesting the format ion of an O.K.S. Rugby Football Club but ( regret to say that just after the receipt of his letter it was accidentally destroyed with some other papers, and I cannot recall h is name. I f this letter should catch his eye, as my earlier one did, will he please accept my apology for the absence of a reply and send me a card with his name so that I may remedy the omission. Yours sincerely,

c. 274

RYAN.

THE CANTUA R I AN

OUR CONTEMPORARIES The EdHors acknowledge with thanks the receipt of the following magazines and apologize for any inadvertent omissions :The Barrovian, Bradfield College Chronicle, Bry nstan Saga, The Campbellian, Cheltenham Ladies' College Magazine, The Cholmelian, City of London School Magazine, The Cranbrookian, The Decanian, The Eastbournian, The Elizabethan, The Epsomian, St. Edward's School Chronicle, The Grange Newsletter, The Gresham, The Haileyburian and ! .. S.C. Chronicle, The Hurst-Johnian, The Laurentian , Kent College Magazine, King's School Magazine, The Malvernian, The Manwoodian, The Milner Court Chronicle, The Novaportian, The Ousel, The Pauline, The Radleian, The Reptonian, The School Tie, Stonyhurst Magazine, The Tonbridgian, The Worksopian, The York ist.

FROM THE JUNIOR SCHOOL We were very proud and pleased that it was possible to join in the welcome to H er Majesty the Queen Mother o n June 12th. The School was deployed on and in front of the Parry steps, and the Queen Mother stopped to speak to a number of the boys. The half term concert was very well attended, and the general opinion seemed to be that it was one of the most lively a nd spirited performances given by the orchestra. On May 19th the Bishop of Dover unveiled the window in the Parish Church in memory of the late Mrs. Juckes. Canon Shirley preached the sermon. On Whitsunday, the morning service was broadcast by the B.B.C., and the Archbishop preached. The Rogation Sunday procession was cancelled because of bad weather, but the Milita ry Band played the hymns in church. At the Kent Musical Festival four cups and a number of certificates were won. The 1st XI had a poor season, losing seven matches and drawing I. Jarman, as Captain, set an example of keenness which was followed by the rest of the team, when in the field. No batsman was particularly outstanding and Wooderso n with 24 wickets for an average of 8.5 was perhaps our most successful bowler. The 2nd XI had rather more success, winning 3 matches, losing I and .1 was drawn. The "A" X [ won all three matches. The Under I I team played 2, of which I was won and the other lost. A week before the end of term we produced James Bridie's Tobias and the Angel. This was by un iversal consent the best production ever seen at the School. One critic said of the last performance, " I suppose a few Prep. schools might possibly equal that, but none could surpass it". Mr. Innous is to be congratulated on producing this excellent performance, in which the leading actors were T imothy Darlington, Stephen McDonough, Charles Kenney, Adrian Selby, Martin Partington, Christian Fehling and Mark Charig. The new blue velvet curtains and valance greatly enhance the stage. At prize-giving we were pleased to welcome the Bishop of Dover, who presented the prizes. After term the Scouts will be camping in Sussex, and some of the Cubs will be attending the Jamboree at Sutton Coldfield. J.H.E. 275

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EDlTORlAL ... THE SCHOOL VIRTUTE FUNCTI MORE PATRUM DUCES VALETE SALVETE LIEUT.-COLONEL MERED ITH E. ROBERTS, M.V.O., M.B.E., DIRECfOR OF TH IS AND T HAT ... OUTWA RD BOUND SIR SHANE LESLIE OPERATIC CONCERT CONCERT 17TII NOVEM BER MUS IC CIRCLE CONCERT THE SCHOOL CONCERT MEMOIRS OF A VICfORIAN SCHOOLBOY OLD MEN FORGET SUPERSTIT IONS ... CUR SIBILLATUM EST (lr "WHY T HE WH ISTLE WENT" CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL SINCE THE REFORMATION A NATIVITY CAROL IN OLD GLASS RONSARD DUST ... ORPHANS .HARVEY THE MAN R ECIPE STONEH ENGE 1500 B.C.... R EM IN ISCENCE ... TH E SPIRlT OF C HRISTMAS ELVIS- A REVALUATION T HE SCHOOL ROLL C HILDREN ON T HE COTE D'AZUR T HE CHOIR ... TH E SOCIETIES C.C.F. NOTES RUGGER SHOOTI NG NOTES K ING'S SCHOOL GOLF CLUB TH E LIBRARY O.K.S. NEWS O.K.S. RESIDENT AT OXFORD O.K.S. RESIDENT AT CAMBRIDGE ... OBITUARIES CORRESPONDENCE O UR CONTEM PORARIES

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THE CANTUARIAN DECEMBER,

VoL. XXVII No. 4

1957

EDITORIAL "Improvement makes straight roads, but the crooked roads without improvement are roads of genius"

It is wrong to think wistfully that nothing happens any more; that the spirit of adventure is a ghost of the past, because we are shackled to a mechanical age; that routine determines all our tomorrows, and how dull routine is- wrong, yet a possibility we cannot afford to ignore. We would look for the fault in the Houses themselves. The trophy must be won, but misdirected incentive can cripple the individual ; life becomes too serious and too secure. We are losing the idiosyncrasy, the glorious uncertainties that make Canterbury so vital to us. We might go further and say that science has no time for the individual who pauses to reflect. We are rushing blindly towards Forster's Machine, even though we are aware that this sad ideal will break down. Edwardian pinstripes no longer speak of Edwardian style-a style that was often dignified, seldom pompous, and a style that was, above all, fun- now they are abhorred and rightly so. Studies no longer even sip the Pierian Spring; ideas are scarce and concepts meaningless. In fact, we are slipping from our liberal ideal.

THE CANTUA RIAN

Happily, this feeling is nothing worse than nostalgia. The dilettante attitude, though admirable to our young eyes, achieves little- far better to bask in security. "What is mechanical or reducible to rule is progressive, and admits of gradual improvement ; what is not mechanical, or definite, but depends on feeling, taste, and genius, very soon becomes stationary, or retrograde, and loses more than it gains by transfusion." Hazlitt sees it in perspective, even though personalities seem not to stand out so brilliantly today. The spirit of adventure took us so high, but could never keep us there, because the heart of the School had been sacrificed. Now that we rest in security, the heart is strong again. It is almost a relief to know what will happen next. The well-being of the many who never climb into the limelight of school life is so much more important than the fleeting glamour that a few talents can achieve. It is pleasant to pause for a year in our conceit. And yet conceit bears such horrid implications. We can only be proud of our gymnasium, our laboratories, our extensions to School House and Linacre, and above them, in complete harmony with its surroundings, the beautiful building that so excitingly summarizes all our achievements. We can only be proud of scholarships and our XV, but how easily pride distorts. There is no such thing as even relative perfection, and it is frightening to toy with such words.

The crooked roads of genius may be responsible for our conceit, but the straight roads of improvement will deter our complacency. Few people have been in whole-hearted agreement with Blake, but no-one could have captured the atmosphere of Canterbury over the past few years so aptly as he.

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THE SCHOOL Captain of the School: J. R. FREW Head of The School House J. C. G. SMITH, K.S. Head of The Grange J. R . FREW Head of Walpole House . . . D. G. JONES Head of Meister Omers J. A. T URNER, K.s. Head of Luxmoore House J. A. G. STEWART Head of Galpin's House A. J. REDPATH, K.s. Head of Lin acre House J. P. RocHE, K.S. Head of Marlowe House R. M. HARVEY, K.s. MONITORS J. R. FREW, J.P. Roc HE, K.s., J. A. G. STEWART, R . M. HARVEY, K.s., J. A. TURNER, K.s., J. c. G. SMITH, K.s., D . G. JoNES, A. J. R eDPATH, K.s., D. J. WILLIAMS, K.s., B. D. FooRD, D. J. EVANS, K.S., J. P. GREI!N, K.S., M. J. PRICE, K.S. HOUSE MONITORS The School House: C. C. F . MATTllEW, K.S., R. H. C. CROXFORD, K. R. NIGHTI NGALE. H . A. S. BANCROFT, N. M. DEVOlL, s. F. DOCKSEY, K.S., c. F. The Grange: GRAIIAM, D . H . B. CHESSHYRE. M. R. JENNER, J. KEARIN, M. F. SULLIVAN, K.S., D. J. EAST, R. H. Walpole House : WILLIAMS. A. TuRNeR, K.s., D . MASTERS, J. A. C. McELwEE, T. c. KINRoss. Meister Omers : Lux moore House: M.P. F. PLUTTE, N.C. ATTWATI:lR, P.R. H. PRINGLE, R. L. PENGELLY, K.S. , R. P. SPICER, A. R. MORGAN, K.S., G. D. K. MARCHMONT, W. T. SEABROOK. B. A. IsBILL, G. SIMMONS, T. W. HARKE, J. G. A. HEADLEY, Galpin's House: C. VERNON-SMITH. A. A. J. WILLIAMS, K.S., c. H. G. DE B. TEMPEST-RADFORD, c. Linacre House: CHAFFIN, J. G. UNDERWOOD, K.S., J. I. R. THOMPSON, A. J. BElir, R. C. BOWEN. Marlowe House : P. A. CAMPBELL, J. C. GUNNER. J. A. TURNER, K.S. Captain of Rugger .. . J. A. TURNER, K.S. Captain of Squash .. . R. C. BOWEN Captain of Cross-Country ... The Cantuarian:

Editors : THE CAPTAIN OF SCHOOL (ex-officio), J. P. ROCHE, K.s., J. G. UNDERWOOD, K.s., H. A. S. BANCROFT Sports Editor: D. G. JONES Secretaries : S.C. FARMER, K.S., J. R. C. WRIGHT, K.S. 281

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VJRTUTE FUNCTI MORE PATRUM D UCES C. C. W. AoAMs.-Entered School, Sept., '52. Exhibitioner, '52; Hon. K.S., '55; Grange H ouse Monitor; Upper VJ ; Cadet Petty Officer, Naval Section, C. C. F.; Open History Exhibition to New College, Oxford. A. J . AG NEW.-En tered School, Sept., '5 1. Music Scholar; School Monitor; 1st XV, '54, '55; Captain, '56; 2nd Hockey XI, '56; 1st H ockey XI , '57; Lance-Sergeant, C. C. F. A. P. AYLING.- Entered School, Sept., '52. King's Scholar ; Upper VJ ; Meister Omers House Monitor ; Leading Sea man, R.N. Section, C.C.F.; Open Maths. Exhibition to Balliol College, Oxford. R. T. BAKER.-Entered School, Sept., '5 1. King' s Schola r; Galpin's House Monitor; Upper VI ; 2nd VIU Colours; H on. Sec., Boat Club, '57; Lance-Sergeant, C.C.F.; State Scholarship. J. B. C. BALKWILL.- Entcred J. K.S., Sept., '47; K.S.C., Jan., '52. School Monitor and Head of Walpole House, Sept., '56; Upper VI; 2nd VJJf, '55; 1st Vlll, '56, '57; Cadet Petty Officer in cha rge Naval Section, C.C.F. H . A. BROWN.-Entered School, Jan., '52. School Monitor a nd Head of School House, Sept., '56; Upper VI ; 1st XV, '56; 2nd Rowing Colours, '57; C.S.M., Army Section, C. C. F.

l. A. CAMPOELL.-Entered School, Sept., '52. King's Schola r ; Li nacre H ouse Monitor; Upper VI. T . J . CHENEVIX-TRENCH.-Entered School, Sept., '52. King's Scholar; School Monitor a nd Head of Galpin's House, '56; Upper Vl ; 1st VIII, '56, '57; Petty Officer, Naval Section, C. C.F . ; Editor of The Cantuarian; Classical Exhi bition, Christ Church College, Oxford ; I.C.I. Transfer Scholarship; Rose and Shepherd Gifts, '57.

0. R . F. DAvres.-Entered School, Sept., '52. King's Scholar, '52; Senior King's Schola r, '54; Linacrc House Monitor; School Monitor and Head of Linacre House; ViceCaptain of School, May, '57; Upper VI ; Editor of The Cantuarian; History Postmastership, Merton College, Oxford, '56; 0. K.S. Gift, '57. M. D. D ELLER.- Entered School, Sept., '52. School House Monitor; Lance-Sergea nt, C. C. F. ; Choral Scholarship to St. John's College, Cambridge. N. J. DREW.- Entered School, Sept., '52. Linacre House Monitor; Cadet, C.C.F. ; Upper VI ; Lord Beaverbrook Scholarship to New Brunswick University, Canada. A. A. D UNNING .- Entered J.K.S., May, '48; K.S.C., Sept., '52. King's Scholar, '52; Senior King's Scholar, '54; Marlowe House Monitor; Upper VI; 2nd Hockey XI, '57; Leading Seaman, R.N. Section, C.C.F. P . D. ELYY.- Entered J.K.S., Sept., '50; K.S.C., May, '52. Marlowe House Monitor ; Upper VI; Able Seaman, R .N. Section, C.C.F.

G. C. FLETCHER.- Entercd School, Sept., '51. King's Scholar ; Upper Vl ; Sergeant, C. C. F.; State Scholarship, '56; Open Scholarship and Parker Exhibition to Corp us Christi College, Cambridge. 282

T H E CANTUAR I AN

J. C. L. FooT.-Entered School, Sept., '52. King's Scholar, '53; Luxmoore House Monitor; Leading Seaman, R.N. Section, C.C.F.; Royal Naval Cadetship, '57; A nderson War Memorial Gift, '57. P. J. FoRo.- Entered School, Jan., '53. Music Scholar ; Meister Omers House Monitor; Upper Yf ; Lance-Sergeant, C.C.F.; State Scholarship, '57; Orchestra, Military Band. R . K. HOLT.- Entered School, Sept., '52. Walpole House Mon itor; Upper VJ; FlightSergeant, R.A.F. Section, C.C. F.; Shooting Colours, '55; Captain of Shooting, '56, '57. R . B. H ORTON.- E ntered School, May, '52. K ing's Scho lar ; Linacre H ouse Moni to r ; Upper VI ; 2nd XV, '56; Corporal, R.A.F. Section, C. C. F. ; Students hi p to St. Andrew's University. B. K. JEFFERY.- Entered School, Sept., '50. King's Scholar, '52; Senior King's Scholar, '54; Grange H o use Monitor; Lance-Sergeant, C.C.F. ; Upper VI ; Open Scholarship (Mod. Lang.) to Christ Church, Oxford.

G. A. G. K.Ioo.- Entered School, Sept., '52. Hon. King's Scholar, Jan., '57; Meister Omers H ouse Monitor; Upper VL; Corporal , C.C.F. ; Open History Scholarship to Jesus College, Oxford.

T. C. POTTER.- Entered School, May, '52; Walpole House Monitor; School Monitor; Cricket XI, '54, '55, '56, '57 ; 1st Hockey Xf, ' 56, '57 (Captain); Corporal, R .A.F. Section, C .C.F. M. G. SAYER.- Entered School, Sept. , '52. King's Scholar; Linacre H ouse Monito r ; Upper VI; Lance-Sergeant, C. C. F.; Open Exhibition in Classics to Q ueen's College, Oxford. A. P . G. STANLEY-SMITH.- Entered J.K.S., Sept., '46; K.S.C., Sept., '52. Meister Omers House Monito r ; Upper VJ; 2nd VIII, '57; Fencing Colou rs, '56; Sergeant, C.C.F.; Cadetship, R oyal Military Academy, Sandhurst.

D . C. C. STEVENSON.- Entered School, Sept., '52. Hon. K ing's Scholar, '56; House Moni tor Galpin's; Upper VI ; 2nd Athletics, '55, '56, 1st '57; 2nd XI Cricket, '56; Lance-Sergeant, C. C. F.; State Schola rship, '56. P. F. YALPY.- Entered School, Sept., '51. Galpin's House Monitor; School Monitor; 1st YilT, '55, '56, '57 ; Captain of Boats, ' 56, '57; Captain 2nd XV, '56; C.S.M.,

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M. E. W. YINCENT.-Entered School, Sept., '5 1. Hon. King's Scholar, March, '57; School Monitor, March, '56; Head of Meister Omers and Captain of School, Sept., '56; Upper VI ; 1st Cricket X I, '55, '56, '57, Captain ' 57; 1st XV, '55, '56; 1st Athletics, '57; Editor of The Cantuarian (ex-officio); Sergeant, C. C.F.; Rose and G ilbert Gifts. A. T. W Enn.-Entered School, Sept., '52. Corporal, R.A.F. Section, C.C .F .

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Galpin's House Monitor ;

1st VIII, '57;

THE CANTUAR IAN

VALETE J. A. R. Adams, S. E. Allard, L. P. Alston, P. C. Ament, R . A. Apcar, V. M . Apthorpe, P. Arnold, J . W . Balchin, C. M. Bateman, J. Beaugie, J. E. Boultbee, J. Bradbury, D . D'A. Brewester, N. G. Burbridge, W. L. Camp, A. S. D . R. Chapman, P. A. H. Clothier, A. C. R. Cobb, M. J. Bibby, L. G. Coley, C. C . de Chazal, K. D. D ent, C. G. L. Dodd, M. N. Doidge, J. M. Draper, M. Finburgh, D. I. F isher, C. J. B. G allaher, E. A. J. G ard ener, G. Garrard, F. J . Giles, J. D . Griffith, D. R . L. H a rris, R. G. B. Hewson, C. L. Horspool, D. M. Huxley, T. Jardine-Brown, W . N . Jenkins, P . R . Leggatt, P. E. I. Lilly, N. S. M. Loudon, F . D . A. Maplethorp, J.P. Mastin, H . Moon, B. M. Morrison, M . J . Niblock, I. S. Nicholson, P . B. N icholso n, A. P . Norris, R . A. Palmar, D. Partridge, A. W. Perry, L. P . Pitch, A. B. Savile, G. S. Smith , E. H. J. Stanley, N. W. Stevens, D. B. Stiven, G. M. A. Wallis, A. M. Williamson.

SALVETE I. L. M. Anderson, R. A. Arthur, M. R. Avery, C. J. Bai ley, N. J. Baring, J. S. Barrett, W. Beaugie, R . G. Binley, M. R . Bower, R. B. Britton, R . H. Buckingha m, C. J . Buchan, G . L. Bush, R . R . C. Butler, P . M. Campbell, R. S. Cawthorne, M. B. Charig, E. W. Charles, J. A. Chater, H . B. T . Clark, J. C . Cooke, R . N. Crosbie, R. A. Cullum, T. C. C. Dartington, E. A. Dav idson, C. W. H. C. D awkins, N. J. De Jong, D . D. Double, G. S. Doust, S. P. B. Durnford, J. M. Ensor, P. N . C. G ent, A. K. Giles, A. F. P. Gilfillan, R. I. W . Gillan, J . P. Green, D. A. Griffiths, C. J. Grossmith, R. L. R. Hardie, P . S. Herbert, B. Himsworth, A. F. Howard, V. P . Jackson, C. Jo hnson, M. C. Johnson, D. C. Jones, C. J. F . Kenney, J. E. Latter, W. D . M. Lawrie, P. Layfield, P . G. Lewis, J. S. Lowings, S. H. McDonough, I. D. Mackie, P. D. MacNeice, N . K. M aybury, G. H. Merritt, A. Miles, M . R. Miller, M . A. B. Morpurgo, R. J. Morris, P . L. Munns, J. B. Newell, R. S. Norton-Taylor, C. J . Offer, N. L.A. Opper, S.M. 0. Parker, T. M. Partington, G. J. Partridge, I . G. H. Patterson, P. R . Pavey, M . J. Pearson, J. H. Penhallow, M. C. Perki ns, H. J . W. Pidoux, R. C. Prendergast, A. P. Radcliffe, S. G. Raggett, D . J. M. R ay, N . E. R edman, P. J. Redman, G. R. A. Reed, F. R. V. Reeson, B. W . Richardson, M. J. Richardson, S. R . J. Robbins, J. T . Roberts, M. J. G . R obiette, L. R. Scott, P . A. L. Seward, D. H. Sha rpless, C . Smallwood, D. W. Squier, H . Stevens, R. St. J. Stevens, B. H . Stokes, C. J. Stringer, H. E. V. Swann, N. M. Swann, P. G. Swete, R . I. G . Taylor, P . J. P. Wachsma nn, P . M. D. Watson, R . M. Watson, P. G. Wear, T. W. Webb, M. J. Weekes, S. L. R. Wellington, C. F . Whitehouse, A. G . Wickens, B. P. Wooderson, C. S. W. Wright, M. J. Wright, J. B. Yorke, R. A. Zentner. 284

LIEUT.-COLONEL MEREDlTH E. ROBERTS , M.V.O., M.B.E. Director of Music

.. TH E CANTUARIA N

LIEUT.-COLONEL MEREDITH E. ROBERTS, DIRECTOR OF MUSIC

M.v.o., M.B.E.

Those who came to King's Week last Summer, and those who did not but have read the programmes of music that were performed by the School, would have realised tha t this unusually high standard of music could only have been accomplished if there was genius and inspiration behind it all. It was our Director of Music whose devotion and power of inspiration brought the music of the School to a higher pitch than ever in its history it has reached, and possibly as high as the resources of any School could permit it to attain. The 1,200 or more people who were present a t the final Concert of King's Week on Sunday, July 28th, will never forget it; and up to that time Colonel Roberts had appeared to be in as good heallh as usual and full of eagerness. Na turally he was tired, but that was ascribed to the quite unusual demands made on him during the term which was to have this ambitious progra mme as its finale, but alas, it was more than tiredness. Hardly had the term finished and the School dispersed for its holidays, tha n the Colonel was diagnosed as suffering from an incurable disease. ÂˇH appily he suffered less pain than might have been feared, a nd died peacefully on September 26th. The F uneral Service was held a t St. Martin's Church and was a ttended by such numbersmasters and boys besides his Army friends-that the Church could not hold all who came. Colonel Roberts started his musical career in the band of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, a nd a t the early age of less than 15 he j oined the R egiment in Ireland; almost at once recrossing the Cha nnel to go as a pupil to Kneller Hall, the Royal Military School of Music. He was there for two years until he rejoined the Regiment in Malta just before the 1914 War broke out. During that war he served in Fra nce from 1915 to 1918 and, after it, he went with the Regiment to India and to the North-West Frontier; returning to Kneller Hall in 1923 as a student, he became three years afterwards Bandmaster of the lOth Royal Hussars. In that capacity he served in Egypt a nd again in India, becoming Bandmaster of the Royal Artillery (Portsmouth) Band in 1937, from which he was promoted to the Directorship of Music at Kneller H all in 1942. It was from that position that he ca me to us in 1953, and brought his great gifts; not only an all-round competence in music, but a remarkable capacity for hard a nd unsparing work, a gift for organisation, and an utter, complete reliability. He had the whole of the music in his grip, and was as well awa re of a dull piano pupil in the Lower School as he was of an outstanding violinist or 'cellist in the Upper. He knew everyone connected with music; their range and competence and their personal idiosyncrasies. He was the perfect organiser a nd the perfect leader. Every person connected with the Music Department looked up to him in an affection and an esteem not altogether unmixed with awe. White the School will, beyond doubt, miss all his musical gifts, it will miss even more his personal qualities as a friend and a helper to everyone who had the least need of him. To Mrs. Roberts and his fa mily the whole School, and all the friends that the School has made through its music, tender their real sympathy. 285

THE C ANTUARlAN

THIS AND THAT We welcome Mr. K. A. Dickson, Mr. J. L. Goddard, Mr. J. E . A. Havard, Mr. C. J. Millar, Mr. E . Samuel, Mr. R. A. C. Meredith a nd Mr. J. M. Bacon to the staff. We wish them every happiness at King's. Although in his first term as housemaster of Luxmoore, the Rt. Rev. Humphry Beevor is no stranger to the School. We also welcome Mrs. Morga n to the exacting task of cateress. We thank Sister Greaves for renewing her long-standing association with the School, when she helped Galpin's in time of need during the first weeks of term. Staff

On 15th October the Arts Society under the auspices of Mr. Voigt had the privilege of a private visit to Saltwood Castle, near Hythe, home of Sir Kenneth Clark. The party was divided, and while one group was shown round the house by Si r Kenneth, the other wandered freely in the garden and magnificent library. There can be no doubt that Saltwood houses the finest private art collection in England, and those who saw it were left ama zed by the wea lth and variety ra ngi ng from M ing vases and Byzantine miniatures to sketches by H enry Moore and two voluptuous Renoirs. We a re most grateful to Sir Kenneth for mak ing this visit possible and for taking so much trouble at a time when parties are not normally shown round. Saltwood Castle

The Archdeacon of Maidstone

We were much concerned that the Archdeacon of Maidstone was so seri ously ill as a result of the '.flu epidemic, and are glad to see that he has now resumed his duties. We hope his recovery is complete.

The extension to Linacre is now complete, but the long-awaited internal rcarrangement has recently been frustrated by the discovery of extensive dry-rot on the ground floor. However, the increased hall-space will ease the living accommodation and the house li brary will be a very welcome, though necessary, innovation.

L inacre

The Hall Fund

This has now reached the impressive total of ÂŁ72,000, and although final costs are not yet known, any contribution to so vital a project, which represents the summit of the School's achievement, is still much appreciated.

We were extremely fortunate to persuade Mr. Paul Scofield to talk about t he theatre on December 1st. He explained the differences between the professional and amateur approach but preferred to answer questions from the audience. Unfortunately, most of those which had been assiduously prepared failed to be asked; consequently we were unable to extract as many of his personal views a nd experiences as we would have hoped for; Âˇ however, he charmed us all by his easiness of manner and we thank him warmly for sacrificing one of his few spare moments. Mr. Paul Scofield

There have been two this term. On October 5th we saw a varied programme, including the British Schoolboys' Expedition to Iceland, a few "funnies", and a film of the Queen Mother's visit and Speech Day in colour, which was very kindly lent to us by Mr. Apthorpe. Later in the term, Dr. Peck gave us the opportunity of an a utopsy on Twelfth Night and Romeo and Juliet.

Film Shows

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THE CANTUARIAN

The Queen Mother

An illuminated and signed copy of the Queen Mother's speech at the opening of the hall, now hangs in the foyer, and we understand that a photograph of Her Majesty is also to be h ung.

O pening of the New Science Laboratories

It is with great p leasure that we are able to announce the opening of the new science buildings, which stand behind Galpin's House, by W. Somerset Ma ugham, o.M., o.K.s., on Friday, 27th June.

" T he Living Past"

It is noted with regret that this fine relic of bygone Canterbu ry has passed into oblivion for economic reasons; perhaps the City never full y appreciated the p leasure it afTo rded to visitors.

During the summer, B. K. Jeffery (now at C hristchurch) set to work o n the Chapter Archives preserved in the Cathed ra l Library, sea rching for references to the School. The result has been an immense hau l of materia l. La rge numbers of names have been added to the School Roll, especially in the 16th a nd 17th centuries, and a great dea l of light has been thrown on to the careers, some highly interesting, of 0. K.S. It is not extravagant to claim that a good deal of the political and literary history of England in the reign of Elizabeth I and her immediate successors shows the O .K .S. Association in action. So far Jeffery's collections of material amount to 100 typed pages of foolscap (single space) together with a card index containing 600 entries. We are very grateful to Dr. and Mrs. E. B. Garrett for presenting Headmaster 's Table the Headmaster's table in the Great Hall. This is given in memory of their son, Andrew (1947- 1955).

Love's Labour Rewarded

Confirmation

The annual classes have re-started and the rite will be administered by the Archbishop at 12 o'clock on March 15th.

National Youth Orchestra

We congratula te R. F. Lunn and C. B. Seaman o n their re-election to the Nationa l Youth O rchestra. T his is L unn's t hi rd year in the orchestra.

L ines Written on the Re-decoration of the Deanery Exterior Pale pink ' neath the Deanery's Coating of white, hints at Less revolutionary views? Has conviction worn thin? Or did rumours begin that a cleric Be sent on a satellite cruise? D espite ten days' extra holiday, in which time it was hoped that Asian 'fl u wou ld ha ve passed Canterbury, two hundred and fifty members of the School were stricken, Riversleigh and Luxmoore became additional sanatoriums and many patients were nursed in their houses. Since the staff were comparatively unaffected, routine was uninterrupted, though classes were often reduced to a handful of the fittest.

Infl uenza

We Jearn that there is a prospect of an O.K.S. d inner to be held in New York on January 24th. The promoter is R. Crowley ( 190319 13) of 237 Prospect Avenue, Staten Island, N.Y. He has already secured six people for the d inner a nd hopes that others from greater d istances will a lso be there, Around the World

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Among the portraits of our distinguished benefactors and forebears-now re-hung in the Great Hall-that of Lord Tentcrden made a precipitous descent after only a week of term. It has now resumed its position, and although somewhat battered, Tenterden's judicial wig and rega lia seem to sit as firm as ever. Portraits

Congratulations to Hugh Honour (O.K.S. 1941- 1946, Sen ior K ing's Scholar, Head ofWalpole House) on his latest achievement: the recently published study of Horace Walpole. Combining a clear, concise and humorous depiction of the many sides of this versatile figure with a penetrating interpretation of his character, it must prove invaluable to the student and of interest to all. Horace Walpole

To the person who asked whether Tommy Steele keeps cats, the answer is "no"; the Precincts, is, however, still full of them and G range's adoption of five for the Summer Term of 1956 is an indication of their status. With the decease of Felix II, the leadership has passed to the captain of the North Side H erd. This formidable specimen is on duty outside the dining-hall after most meals; in between times she finds her way into Linacre, but would seem to prefer the gro und floor luxury of Galpin's No. I. She has even been known to wander into evening Cath. where a Most Important Person inquired about her presence. Cats

Congratulations to the 1st XV are in danger of becoming banal, for we are again unbeaten by a school team; however, this yea r we have secured an extra fixture against Ampleforth and look forward to a hard game. J. A. Turner (captain), C. W. Yates and B. A. Isbill deserve special mention. The first is to play at Richmond for the English Public Schools XV against the Scottish Public Schools; the second at Blackheath against the Irish Public Schools; the third at Edinburgh against the Scottish Public Schools. 1st XV

Apart from the build ing of the science block which has been conti nuing steadily throughout the term, the School has taken over one new building and two lawns have been re-laid. It was only a few days before the beginning of term that Messrs. Featherstones evacuated their shop facing Palace Street; the building, which includes Parker's Gate, is now known as the Palace and furnishes us with several new class-rooms and a new music school since the old one is to be taken over by Walpole. Behind Walpole the original lawn has been extended so that it now borders the Archbishop's Palace. The Mint Yard lawn has been re-la id; although many considered this unnecessary, the effect of its present cond ition showed how much it needed a face lift. Improvements

Lord Hardinge

We learn with great pleasure that Lord Hardinge has furthered his connection with the School by undertaking the post of Deputy Chairman of the Governing Body.

Mrs. R . H. Lucas, whose two sons were at the School, has presented a very fine cup for Senior League rugger in memory of her husband, who was School Doctor for many years and an enthusiastic supporter of rugger in the School. Their elder son was Captain of the XV, Senior League Cut>

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No results have come through at the time of going to press; however, they arc awaited eagerly, especially by those historians who returned to school ten days before the beginning of term to endeavour to fill the vacuum created by the extra week's holiday asked for by the Queen Mother. The Editors have received reports of activities during the week in question; each has been systematically rejected and implicitly believed.

Scholarships

On Tape

The School has been very kindly presented with a tape-recorder by Mr. C. W. Clark, whose son is in Meister Omers. The musical department has found it indispensable.

Fireworks

Fortunately it was a wet night; however, sufficient enthusiasm was roused to result in the banning of this somewhat tedious ceremony for ever.

The Headmaster and Mrs. Shirley would like to thank people for their cards and regret that they are unable to send them this year as they arc going abroad soon after the term ends; they wish everyone a Happy Christmas and a prosperous New Year.

Christmas Greetings

In response to an advertisement for a Senior Advertisement Representative which was placed in The Times by the Daily Sketch, Major Edgar Powell (O.K.S. 1922- 1924) offered his services. He applied for the post after being ruined (apparently) by the nationalisation of the Suez Canal. In his Jetter to the Sketch, he stated that he would be prepared to "do anything legal" and was equipped for several jobs including riding a showjumper, fighting a duel and playing chess with a debutante. Needless to say, he now has the post and managed to fill almost a whole page with the story of his application for it. We wish him luck, and hope that he will find scope for all his talents. Superman for the "Sketch"

Readers of The Cantuarian will remember that some terms ago an old fragment of a poem (Tyger, tyger burning bright, etc.) was found on the floor of L.2; one would have thought that discoveries such as these were no longer to be made, for Canterbury, if not King's, is dominated by the spirit of history. However, recently a tattered portion of a poem was found in the Durnford history library in the very back of the locked section; the first part is printed below, but it is presumed that the poem continued because of the jagged edge at the bottom of the manuscript: Childe Ronalde to the Darke Towere came, His herte burned with an egere flame. Yonge Keune flew forward as a bird, And from afar a belle was herde. With swerde in hond Ronne climbs the stairs His darke gowne sweepes wooden chaires. "Haugh, haugh", he pauses for a breathe, And then slumpcs forwarde: "This is deth ... " The Editors presume that 'Ronaldc' has been corrupted to 'Rolande' by Shakespeare, and later, Browning; the rest, however, a lthough written most legibly, wo uld seem unexplainable . Manuscdpts

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OUTWARD BOUND On October 13th M r. Dawson, the executive Director of the Outward Bound Trust, came to speak to us and to show us a very interesting fi lm abo ut the daily routine in one of their schools. He began by telling us how the Trust was founded during the war for the benefit of young boys in the Navy who were finding the naval discipline too harsh. They were given a course designed to give them a sense of leadership and the ability to face any hardships. This course or "school" was so successful, that with the help of industry it was continued after the war a nd two more schools opened to the public. He then showed us a fi lm about one of the schools which showed the entire course in its every aspect : rock climbi ng, mountaineering, cross-country runs and swimmi ng. I n the athletics the boys are encouraged not to compete but to improve their own standard. Altogether the schools in England take three thousand boys every yea r a nd they are so successful that schools modelled on them are being set up abroad-Kenya, Malaya, America. F ina lly, Mr. Dawson answered some questions, and thus ended a very interesting evening. J.C.C.

SIR SHANE LESLIE " Can we have a few more lights out, just a few more?"- thc headmaster's request insured that an appropriate a tmosphere was produced before Sir Shane Leslie began his talk on Sunday, 27th October, on psychical research. Sir Shane prefaced his rema rks with a further request for the easily frightened or superstitious to leave the hall, but the School was not easi ly intimidated . He believes, he began , that there is a supernatural existence, to those with second sight, although many of the experiences reported to the commission for research are clearly fictitious. His interest in psychicism began at the terrifying exorcism service in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, of the spiri t of the Vice-Chancellor who had hung himself by his ga rters after delivering the university sermon. The very real evil which gripped the exorcist, and Sir Shane, convinced him of the ex istence of a phantom world. Sir Shane has himself undergone a supernatural experience, and believes that one in ten people meet with one. He was about to embark on a night train to Marseilles when a shrouded woman in black sitting on the platform said, "11 faut changer de train"; he left the train and the train crashed at Dijon. The most macabre tale was of Lord Dufferein whose vision in Ireland of a hearse driver in the park looking at him, indicating the coffin rest, and a nnouncing that there was "room for one more", was repeated years later in an apartment lift, which though crowded was said by the lift boy to have " room for one more". Lord DufTerein left the lift, it broke its cable, and all occupants were ki lled. Although there was no call for holy water or salvolatile we much enjoyed Sir Shane's accounts of the supernatural, and will remember his injunction to meet any spirit with a notebook and pencil. J.G .U. 290

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OPERATIC CONCERT On November 3rd four artists, June Bronhill (soprano), Patricia Johnson (mezzoso prano), Alberto Remedios (tenor) and D avid Ward (bass) gave a recital of operatic a rias in the Great Hall. They were accompan ied by Tom H ammond. David Ward began the programme with three well-known a rias by Mozart. Tn the first, Sarastro's prayer, "0 I sis und Osiris", his deep voice and impressive height captured all the mystical and sacerdotal qua lity of the music. From The Magic Flute to II Seraglio, fro m which he sang two arias. In "When a maiden takes you r fancy", he gave a pleasing performance as a true eighteenth century lover, relaxed, a miable, and untainted by a ny mo rbid passions; as an outraged tyrant in "Now for ri ghteo us retribution" he was somewhat less s uccessful, for though he ach ieved the a tmosphere of bravura, he was no t perfectly fa miliar with the music, and his singing therefo re lacked flexibility. Later in the programme Mr. Ward sang "Zachariah's Prayer" from Verdi's Nabucco, in which his singi ng assumed the same dignity as in Sarastro's aria; if the effect was not as moving as in the other, the fault lay in the music, for Nabucco is an immature work, written when the composer was only 29. June Bronhill's first item was the "Sleepwalking Scene" from Bellini's opera La Sonnambula. The role of Amina is very difficult to portray, since it demands the combination of highly accomplished vocal gymnastics and an utter simplicity of character. M iss Bronhill was faced with the added difficulty of suggesting dramatic movement on a bare stage, while being accompanied by a piano, which could scarcely suggest the atmosphere of the o rchestral score. It was not therefo re surprising that the recitative sounded a little nervous and tentative. H owever, the aria "Ah, non credea" was excellent, particularly in the soft passages towards the close. The sudden change to an angular coloratura passage at the end is an unfortunate piece of writing, and it was a pity that this could not have been omitted on this occasion. " Hello ! Hello!" from Menotti's opera The Telephone was an amusing oddity, and Miss Bronhill sang it with abundant vigour. Alberto Remed ios clearly found it difficul t to relax in t he environment of the recitalroom. Consequently his first arias, "Caro mio ben", by Giordano, and G luck' s "0 del mio dolce a rdor", both gentle expressions of the beauty of love, were somewhat hard and brittle in quality, and emotionally static. "Frederico's Lament" fro m Cilea's L'Arlesiana, a little-known work, gave more scope for dramatic expression, yet here aga in Mr. Remedios seemed to lack sympathy, and his lament was a fairly consta nt fo rtissimo. Patricia Johnson was the last to appear; she sang first H andel's popular " Ombra mai fu", with a glorious ri chness of tone in the lo ng sustained phrases. "Away with mourning", fro m Gluck's 01jeo, formed an effective contrast, and Miss Johnson sang with the right blend of gay abandon and becoming restraint. In the rarely heard "Softly awakes my heart" from Samson and Delilah, by Saint-Saens, she showed that the rich quality of her low voice extended to the top of her range. She sang with great emotional expression and developed an excellently controlled climax. The four soloists ended their recital with a selection from Flotow's Martha, June Bronhill singing " The Last Rose of Summer" and "I'll rouse him from his anguish", and Alberto R emedios " None so pure, none so fair". P atricia Johnson and David Ward amused with the scene of reversed courtship "Well, what next ?", and all fo ur finally joined in a wellbalanced perfo rmance of the qua rtet "Good-night" . 29 1

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Tom Hammond accompanied the soloists as well and as unobtrusively as ever, and provided some entertaining and helpful programme-notes. The programme itself was wellchosen, and contained some welcome new material as well as better known works. G.W.L.

CONCERT 17TH NOVEMBER This was a good evening's light entertainment, kindly arranged for us by Dennis Noble. We heard songs from operas and shows, and after a brief interval saw a conjurer. The performance was brought off to a good start by Dennis Noble, baritone. He sang "Credo" from Verdi's Othello. It was his facial expressions as much as the bold notes that made the song a success. After adjusting his collar-stud, he passed over to Mozart, from The Marriage of Figaro. Then he sang "The Yeomen of England", and after that another song from Mozart's same opera. Then carne the tall soprano, Anne Parker. She sang five songs, mostly flowing pieces in the major. She started with Puccini; then she put great feeling into "Mother, you know the story", by Mascagni. She followed this with a lovely Novello, " I can give you the starlight". Gerald Davies, tenor, followed. He started with a popular tune, "Around the World", and he sang three operatic pieces. His voice was very pleasant, and well fitted to the tunes he sang; but he put little variety into it (apart from a striking falsetto in h is last piece), and his rhythm was loose, which seemed to cause the pianist some trouble. In spite of this, he was a great success. The best part of the concert came next: two duets by Anne Parker and Dennis Noble. They sang "Give me thy hand, 0 fairest", from Don Giovanni, and "Trot here and there", from Messager's Veronique. This last one everybody enjoyed, especially the singers. Then all three singers brought the evening's music to a grand close with the final trio from Faust. A word must be said in thanks to the pianist, Patricia Kay, who managed to survive the evening thumping on the very stiff keys of the grand piano. She p layed as a woman, and so found it difficult to go "bang" when "bang" was needed. But she co-operated excellently, particularly with Anne Parker.

Finally, Ernest Sewell came on to the stage to show us his sleight of hand. He picked one of the audience, R. A. Cullum, who had to stand on the stage looking rather embarrassed while half-crowns were produced out of his ears. Much paper was torn up, and many rings were interlocked and uninterlocked. The programme ended at about half-past nine; we had had an enjoyable Sunday evening. W.A.H. 292

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MUSIC CIRCLE CONCERT The first concert of the Music Circle this term on November 9th was quite a splendid affair. It was held in the new surroundings o f the Featherstone's buildings; a draughty open stairway concealed by a hanging arras and a solitary portrait of Mozart breaking the monotony of the denuded walls. The coffee and cakes laid on made it into an auractive Soiree-! wonder how many more boys would have come to the concert if they had k nown the opulence of the en tertainment. The musica l fa re was a nicely varied programme of wind, string and vocal performances. A wind q uintet is a tricky medium to present, and now that the music department can oA·er f1ve su itable young instrumentalists it augurs well for the fu lllre. Anyhow, Parry, Polmear, David Chesshyre, Curtis and Bretherton made a brave auempt at putting across the j olly r ustic style of the Haydn "St. Antony" D ivertmenlo. The andante tl1eme seemed to get somewhat pedantic in their treatment of its repeated notes, and the leading in of the last movement in particular lrom outside the ci rcle was surely unfortunate. As the group gets over its initial nervousness they shou ld develop into a sturdy ensemble and will be a joy to hear. There was comic relief supplied by Salmon and Batchelor in a performance of selected sections of a Conccrtino fo r Vio lin and Piano by Reiding, a stock piece from the R omantic period. Hammersley sang a most moving operatic aria of H andel and Warlock's Balulalow with an ease and sincerity who lly commendable, though it was a pity to spoil the group with Papageno's bird-catching song from T!te Magic Flwe, en tirely unsuited to the character of his voice. The evening came to its climax with the accomplished teamwork of Roger Lunn and Mr. Robert Scott in some Brahms and de Falla. The warm breadth of tone used in the first movement of the .Brahms E minor 'Cello Sonata and the striking rhythms and nuances of the four pieces from the de Falla suite, Populaire £spagnole, showed what a sensitive artist the school has in R oger Lunn. It is to his industry and keenness that we are indebted for the undoubted success of the evening. J.M.B. DECEMBER 8Tll

This was a most enjoyable concert. It was, moreover, a genuine music circle for the fi rst time, for the audience in the Great Hall sat in a wide semi-circle about the musicians, which made for a pleasant informality a nd participation in the music. The Second Orchestra (whose growth seems to know no bounds) conducted by Mr. Sugden, began the concert with a March from the Mastersingers by Wagner; they warmed up considerably during this, and then tackled a diffic ult Trepak by Morand with zeal and great confidence, if not with perfect precision. Then followed the rich and favour ite Hungarian Dance No. 5 by Brahms, which they o bviously enjoyed playing. Much has already been said about the exacting acoustics of the H all ; b ut it is also clear that they much enhance the warmth of string tone, and they must be, in part, respo nsible for the improvement in precision and sensitivity of both the Second and C hamber Orchestras. The G lee Club is now a well-established body of singers and it does good service by in troducing its delightful and litt le known music. T hey sang fou r songs; the fi rst two were, Feasting 1 Watch by Elgar, a nd Strike the L yre by T homas Cooke. De Battle ob Jericho, which fo llowed, was great fun a nd brought back memories of the Yale G lee Club, whose rendering of it mo re nearly bro ught down the C hapter House roof than any o ther even t there. The fourth song was the traditiona 1 Old King Cole, recomposed and set to suitable music with an abundance of bass notes. Mr. Wright conducted both the Glee Club and the Madrigal Society; and it is always fasc inat ing to see how he extracts the utmost sensitivity from a choir, individually and collectively, according to its capacity. The Madrigal Society also sang fou r songs, Sweet Suffolk Owl, a very pretty mad rigal by Thomas Yautor, was sung very light ly and well, and was fo llowed by o ne by Gesualdo, £ceo moriro dunque, in Italian, which is a diAicult language to put over fo r a cho ir unused to it. But it was an interesting madriga l, Gesualdo being one of those who paved the way from the early experiments in chromaticism to the fu ller and mature music o f di Lassi and Palestrina. Moeran's Good Wine, which they sang next, was very enjoyable and made the better by good singing; and the Society fin ished with a folk song There was a Tree arranged by Holst : a delicate and enchanting piece, well sung. The general level of performance was high and showed the versatility of a group of good musicians under a good conductor. The C hamber Orchestra, wh ich was conducted by Mr. Goodes, finished the concert. They played fi rst Hindemith's Trauermusik, with G. W. Lane as soloist. Written in memory of H.M. King George Vth, it is uncompromisingly modern in style, sincere and with severa l lovely and heartfelt passages. The solo viola blended well with the orchestra, and con tributed to the en·ect of simple sincerity. Then followed a short Concerto Grosso in E minor by Charles Avison, a most pleasing wor k which was played with precision and sensitivity under Mr. Goodes' conducting. It was most pleasant to listen to as chamber music. Percy G rainger had the last word, as happens not infreq uently at these concerts, a nd in a gay perfo rmance, inevitably encored, of M ock M orris, the players la id aside their bows and fin ished the concert with a tine d isplay of pizzicato. T.C.J .C-T.

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THE SCHOOL CONCERT The Christmas Term Concert made it plain that the high standards set by the late Colonel Roberts are to be maintained. Mr. John Bacon was deser vedly received with enthusiasm by the School after a very entertaining concert, in which we heard the Orchestra, Choral Society and the Military Band. As usua l the programme of the Orchestra was ambitious, the choice of a Haydn symphony being no mean test fo r any orchestra. Handel's very conventional Overture in D minor was played wi th great dri ve and cohesion and its drama was well brought out. Only the best performances of wel l know n works such as Haydn's Clock. Symphony are worth listening to nowadays, and, as technically it was too difficult fo r our Orchestra, it seems to have been a n un fort unate choice. Haydn req uires grace a nd finesse: this mea ns clean passage work and bea utiful phrasing. The pianissimo string writing in the first movement is a test for the best orchestras a nd it is not su rprising therefore that this one found things difficult. For a school orchestra the playing was remarkably good, but all the slips and bad timing spoilt completely the effect of a composer such as Haydn. ln the second movement tempo was well maintained, but in matters of detai l it was messy. The th ird movement dmgged, but was redeemed by the excellent woodwind playing, especially by the flutes. The last movement was perhaps the most successful and showed, as did the Handel overture, that the orchestra is happiest when maki ng the most noise. The best playing of the evening came in Sibelius' Valse Triste which was given a thoughtful and deeply felt interpretation: the a tmosphere was beautifully susta ined. Technically the Orchestra play now with greater cohesion and purpose and it is pleasing to see that more attention is being paid to thoughtful interpretation. As usua l the Choral Society under the red oubtable Edred Wright gave us some first class singing. The Pied Piper of Hamelin in a spa rklin gly wi tty and imaginative setting by P arry needed perfect ensemble and incisive rhythmic drive. The accompanists had a virtuoso part to contend with and it was out of their scope, although brave attempts were made with the sustain ing pedal. However they provided good rhythmic background and the incisive attack and vigour of the singers was the highl ight of the perfo rmance. Every word was audible and the life and gaiety of the music were j oyfully sustained. The Chaplain sang his solo part with his usual assura nce, but Mr. Robert Scott seemed rather shy of displaying his extremely pleasant voice. The Pied Piper was a delightful work, attractively performed. The Military Band gave us its usual display of noise and it was refreshing to see it attempting something enterprising and suited to it. Strauss's Tik-Tak Polka and Vaughan Williams' Intermezzo were competently played but it was in the latter's Folk Songs from Somerset and Fucik's Entry of the Gladiators that they really came into their own: they achieved tremendous volume a nd rhythmic drive, with Seaman making much noise on the drums. For their exertions they were warmly received. If the review sho uld seem deprecatory, it is remembered that musical activities are outside school hours and the enthusiasm and effor t of all concerned is always appreciated. f inally, while there a re severa l budding soloists in the School, they are never given a chance: wo uld it be possible for more concertos? They add greater interest to the evening and make it more enjoya ble for both performers and a udience. M. F . SULLIVAN. 294

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MEMOIRS OF A VICTORIAN SCHOOLBOY When facing the full Hall of the King's School, I felt that a solid regiment was standi ng up to me. They gave me a sense of being more of a uni ty tha n any School I have addressed, even more so than the great Public School I attended under Queen Victoria, though I cannot add "consule Alberto optimo". School li fe then was fa r ro ugher. In spots it was disorderly. Diffe rences in character and idiosyncrasy were far more noticeable. As a grand old Eton D ame, Miss Evans, said to me: " We turn out the best at the top of the tree, but real blackguards as well." T his was very true of Eton in the N ineties. My stron g~st memo ry of Victorian schooldays at Prep. School ( Ludgrove, near Cockfosters) as well as a t E to n was the intense cold. This was before the days of centra l heating a nd electric light. 1 sta rted in the appa lli ng winter of 1894-95 when the T hames frozeto say nothing of the water in our do rmitory jugs. In my do rmitory, nicknamed "Caledonia", were boys of Celtic descent, includ ing Pat and Jock Lyo n, the older brothers of the gracio us lady who recently opened your magnificent School Hall. There was no football so we played hockey on ice severa l feet thick. T he English countryside resembled the photographs we are now shown of the Antarctic. We a lso played a mediaeval game called " Widd y" in the snow, the o nl y game I have ever enjoyed. We learnt Association la ter, fo r exactly o ne half of the staff were Internationals playing for England, including Arthur Dunn, G. 0 . Smith and W. J. Oakley. 1 remember reaching Lo ndon fo r Queen Victo ria's Dia mond Ju bilee. There was a six ho ur wait a nd I never fo rgot the spi kes and cheveux de frise round the ho use from which 1 watched, a nd the crop of pale ha nds a nd lifeless fingers we could see clutching from the crowd below, until they fell back fo r weariness into the moaning crush lining Piccadilly. T he old Q ueen swept by o n a roar of waveli ke thunder as tho ugh a whole epoch was echoing its past in her honour. T he next time I saw the Queen 1 was at Eto n and I had her to myself. I was crossing into school in Lent, 1899, with an a rmful of books. I was very la te and never no ticed the sho uting outriders and the royal landa u which a ll but bowled me over. My books shot over the roadway and 1 just managed to lift my top hat into the air. The old Queen turned a nd, seeing I was none the worse, bowed gracio usly. I a m sure no boy ever gave such a strange excuse for lateness as I preferred : " Please, Sir, I was run over by the Queen"! A t any rate, it was loyally accepted. T wo yea rs la ter the whole school lined the last lap of her funeral entering Windsor followed by a dozen Ki ngs and Potentates, of whose thrones few sur vive to-day. The K aiser passed within a few fee t of hund reds of boys who were fated to perish fighting his armies. We knew him well, for he had o nce reviewed the College Volunteers. T he Teutonic solemni ty of that scene was broken by a practical j oker who loosed a cork bullet from his riOe hi tting the K aiser's ho rse which kicked but did not throw his rider. Several of the English sta ff fell off a t the bang! T here was a n a ngry enquiry but the Kaiser, much to his credit, was so delighted that he had stuck to the sadd le that he req uested that the m iscreant sho uld not be sacked or lose his stripes. Believe the ya rn or not-[ a fterwa rds interviewed the fa llen E mpero r at Doorn and recovered his own version of what happened for the School Archives. "Es war sehr Eronische" was his written comment! Practical jokes w~re the order of the day at Schools and U niversities, but then there was more leisure than welfare in the State a nd a fa r more abundant store of hu mo ur. I enjoyed the jokes wildly. In my time some old boys in 1902 filled up the keyholes of the

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schools with plaster of Paris the night befo re the examinations. Again a young master was persuaded that he had won the competitio n fo r popularity a mong the masters and was carried round and ro und his classroom by successive classes cheering him with the honours reserved fo r the Eleven o r Eig ht. Visiting Ascot races disguised as negro minstrels was ano ther trick. We were very cr ude, selfi sh and ha ppy-go-lucky in those days. But the Empire was glori ous a nd the wo rld's oyster awaited o ur pocket-knives. The Union Jack was in the Heavens, Queen Victoria was on the throne a nd all was rig ht with the world ! What fun it was to see a companion walk over Windsor Bridge in top hat and ta ilsand to hear old ladies scream and fa int. T here were days of delir ious fun a nd very little work was do ne. Too ma ny boys had settled fo rtunes and posit io ns waiting for them. The Lowest Form was said to be crowded with future Generals a nd the India n Viceroyalty was almost a mo no poly. But all has cha nged since to the rigours or routine and superannuatio n. T he bully and the lagga rdthe F lashmans of school stories-have disappeared. Most noticea ble in all schools to-day are the good manners and charm ing behaviou r of the modern boys. In old days we regarded all outsiders as cads, a nd on occasio n clashed with what we tho ught savoured of a G ra mmar School. N ow they are as good as us. Our fights with Harrow after the cricket match at Lords every July were heroic. I n 1900 I remember we carried our wounded off the field . A cousin of mine had his cheek cpt open a nd we plastered him with a raw steak under his battered top hat. But we suspected that H arrow had introduced pugilists into their ranks! Some of the old houses were unhygienic and little less than rat-warrens divided into ti ny crooked rooms by crea ky stairways and conta ined by iron bars like a Penitentia ry. The bars were abol ished after the fire of 1903 when two boys died in the flames. There was no electric light o r hot water in my first ho use. Each boy was given a candle stump fo r the evening with which he deciphered Homer as best he could. Supper was cold beer a nd uneatable cheese. It was so cold that I went to bed d ressed my whole fi rst winter in order to secure a n extra half hour's sleep befo re emerging for early school, a n hour before breakfast. T he M asters were a " rum lo t" , as the Devil sa id when they showed him the Ten Comm andments! Old cha racters a nd walking jokes, sometimes carica tured in Vanity Fair, who had ta ught o ur fathers and in o ne case a gra ndfather. T here were modern types who taug ht cricket and rowing when Warre made Eton an athletic school. But I had the luck to spend long halves under two inspiring teachers who were worth the whole Eton career spent with all its miseries a nd roughness in a bad house. Houses were either very good or very bad : imagine a house like Durnford's captained by Lord Halifax and the games under Lord Rosebery-it was as first ra te as the Gua rds. My house was famous only for the thrashings and sackings until it was wiped out of existence a nd memory. But I had been d ivinely educated by Arthur Benson (son of an Archbishop of Canterbury) a nd Hugh Macnaghten, Sa int and Hellenist, bravest and best! They were adored by their p upils and could hold their classes hypnotically. T can only say that Benson in Classical intervals taught me English as literature and Macnaghten left an undistingu ished scug out of the Irish bogs with some of the radiancy which was G reece. I thin k we lea rnt mo re from lectures than fro m classwor k. T hey were often brilliant ; 1 remember after fifty years Bisho p Ma udell Creighto n o n Russia, E. T . Reed on Prehistoric Peeps and Arthur Benson on Lewis Carroll which in one evening opened to me

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the whole charm and humour of books. Sermons in C hapel were stilted, nervous and hopelessly bad, at times raisi ng laughte r and muf11ed sta mping of fee t. What a chance lost for a Savonarola or a Billy G raham! On the wh ole we were sacril egious little devils christening our confirming Bishop " Da n Leno" and greasing our heads noisomely in hopes that his apostolic hands wou ld stick in our hair! But we were fiercely disciplined by "Pop"- the twenty-live a thletes who dressed like D a ndies of the 18th century a nd t rea ted the rest of the school as " untouchables" save with a cane. Memorable was a pop-can ing, the wre tched prisone r stuffin g a handkerchief into his mouth to stifle his own shrieks and emerging with blood-stai ned t ro use rs to lie groa ning for a n hour till he could even sit up agai n. We deserved all we go t. Lt was the ma nne r in whic h the Victorians had been brough t up and we were the Nco-Victori an s. The Victorians ruled the Empire a nd muc h of the world in a gra ndiose and leisure ly way. The Nco-Victorians would have d one the sa me, who knows? but they were massacred or ma rtyred in the First Wa r. Very few survived of my contemporaries-a ll hono ur to them. We were always a mixed lot a nd went ou r own way. J played with a n Indian Viceroy a nd an Olympic hurdler to say noth ing of t he two gentle men who were afterwards t ried for murde r but acqu itted by gent leman ly juries who realised that Victorians defended wome n's honour with a rms. I messed with o ne o f the first airmen (Shepha rd) who flew to F rance in August, 19 14, a nd sat next in class to a future transla tor of the whole Bible: Kn ox. G rea t was the variety but what the NcoVic to ria ns from a ll the Public Schools, th o usa nds of the m, would have achieved we ca n never say. Certainly Engla nd a nd the fate of Civilisat ion wou ld be very different to-day. Requiescant ! SHANE LESLIE.

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OLD MEN FORGET The king sits in Dunfermline town, A man of credit and renown, But Jack fell down a nd bro ke his crown ; By the nine gods he swore. Where the bee sucks, there suck 1 Under a wide and starry sky ; Here l, Sir Richard Grenville, die, G et up a nd bar th e door. Boys and girls, come out to play, The rain it raineth every day, How can I help England , say? As li ttle as my bed. It was an ancient marinereBeer, beer, glorio us beerHe held it sixpence a ll too dea r, Smiling, the boy fell dead. Ort have r heard of Lucy Gray, But now she's gone fa r, far away, " Oh, frabjous day ! Calloo! Callay !" Sa id I to myself, said I. Then out spo ke brave Herminius, A Jew who drove a Putney bus, "Minus by minus always gives plus, And shall Trelawney die?" "Tiger, tiger, burning bright, Fight the good fight with all thy might, For curfew sha ll not ri ng tonight," Quoth li ttle Peter kin . " Lo, ou r exceeding great reward , Sweet jams meticu lo usly jarred In reeking tube and iron shard With pitfall and with Gin." The sheep look up and are not fed, By lonely co ntempla ti on led, The Gatling's ja mmed a nd the Colonel dead, Go, call the cattle home. The a nimals cam& in four by fo ur, (Two-handed engine a t the door), Quoth the raven, "Nevermore, For all roads lead to Rome." How doth the little busy bee Under the spreadin g chestnu t tree ? I will go now to lnnisfrcc And let who can be clever. It was roses, roses all the way, (Gather ye rosebuds wh ile ye may), God moves in a myster ious way, But I go on for ever. 298

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THE CANTUAR IAN

SUPERSTITIONS We are all superstitious, and are all rather ashamed of it. What about you? That is the kind of thing my E nglish master asks me to write about, and the answer is: T have not the slightest idea. But I had to write my answer by the following Monday, so T tried to find out, as r had a whole week for my researches. That afternoon- it was Monday-! went into the town with a friend. We were wa lking a long when we were confronted by a ladder. My friend avoided it by stepping off the pave ment on to rhe road where he narrowly missed being knocked down by an adventurous and dangerous o ld lady on a bicycle. J wa lked under the ladder without thinking twi ce about it, and no misad ve nture happened to me then or during the rest of the day. On Tuesday m o rn ing I was riding down to school when a black cat ran across the road in front of me an d was almost bisected by my bicycle wheel. I waited all day for good luck, not really expecting any, and when no ne came I consoled myself by saying that it was my fau lt for nearly kill ing the cat. On Wednesday I found a money-spider on my desk. I g uarded it jealously, making sure that nobody killed it. On Thursday I went to get some pocket-money from the housemaster only to find to my horror that l was in a di re financial position. I was in such a rage tha t I made a po int of kill ing the next money-spider I found. On Friday a letter arrived with a ÂŁ1 note inside it. On Saturday I looked at the notes 1 had ta ken and added the facts that I did not take a n assortmen t of lucky charms into the "0" Level examinations and that I succeeded beyond all expectations; that during the last two yea rs I must have passed thousands of people on the stairs without turning a hair or suffering any adverse fortune. From my evidence 1 formed the opinion that l was not superstitious, and that if 1 was not superstitious 1 could have no thing to be asha med of. On Sunday I kill ed a nother money-spider and put a half-crown into the collection by mistake. I am now very superstitio us and thoroughly ashamed of it. D.W.B.

CUR SIBILLATUM EST or " WHY THE WHISTLE WENT" (With apologies to Caesar's De Bellis Gal/icis) Constituta die, multis spectantibus, duo principes, copiis convocatis, argentum Marti iaciunt ut qua in parte contendatur constituant. Quo constituto, cum caput Caesaris ad caelum subrideat, dux multicolorum suos in inferiore loco, vento tamen secundo, instruit; itaque caerulei primi globum propellunt. Arbiter signum dat; diu et acriter utrimque pugnatum est; anceps proelium fuit. Deinde praepulsatione facta, a rbiter testud inem facere iu bet; concurritur undique; eiector globum inserit; utdmquc clamant, "Eos ex eo depellite!" Arbiter, "Numq ua m", inquit, " in". Haque eiector rursus globum inserit. Globo quam celerrime contra caput solutum extracto, eiector potitus, 299

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praedatoribus vita tis ad volatorem iaci t. "Ab imo", clamat magister domus, "eum adipiscimini !"; " frangi te !" clamant principes antesignanorum. Antequam vola tor globum abiciat, a praedatorc quodam cfrunditur. Statim ad globum concurritur magnusq ue tumultus coorilur; utrimq ue vi cl armis calcatur. Tandem a cacruleis exci pitur sed ma nus furti vae in globum profane imponuntur ; quo viso a rbiter vigilans signo dato poenam multicoloribus donat. Confuso agmine, caerulei terga vertun t et decem passus se recipiunt. M iles novissimus multicolorum, ingenti corporis magnitudine, vento secundo, spectatoribus adrnirantibus, globum in la tus sexaginta passus propcll it; iudex lateris vexillum decem passus a fine tollit. Quinque passus a latere acies constiluta est; globus iniectus a multis avidis rapitu r et, testudinc tandem facta , ad multicolorum eiectorem expcllitur; quam celerrime ad caecum circurn venit, hostes improvidos a tergo ingressus, trans finem accurrit et g lobum in terram imponi t. Conatu facto fremitus undique spectatorum cooritur; alteri dolore ululant, alteri magno cum gaudio pileos flocci ad caelum iaciunt; g ratias deis effundunt. la m deiecti cacrulei se recipiunt post fincm ; ciector multicolo rum, operibus fossis, pro novissimo milite globum tenet ; qui paullum receplus, accurrit et globum inter postes propellit. Hoc converso viso, iterum spectatores appla udunt. Rursus proelium ferox committitu r; diu et acriter pugnat um est, dum a rbiter, d imid ium temporis consumptum esse arbit ratus, indutia rum signum dat. Fructu consumpto, rursus ad a nna concurritur. Signo dato proelium redintegratur; diu et acriter pugnatum est. Ter multicolores aggrediuntur ; ter globus aut ad terram mortuam pervcnit a ut a novissimo milite detingitur. Semel modo caerulei hostium fini appropinquant sed multa cum caede confunduntur. Deinde testud ine collapsa, antesignanus qu idam ex caeruleis prostratus humi iacere videtur. Consistitur ; omnibus spectatoribus tacentibus, vulneratus ille ad sanatoriu m multo sanguine perfusus convehitur. Omni spe adempta, caerulei for titer etia m pugnant, sed cum signum temporis pleni datur, gavisi quod la bor confectus est, hostcs applaudunt. Ter inter se clamant; g ratiae arbitro aguntu r. Omnes spectatores multicolores qui victoria dignissimi sunt maxime laudant. D einde a campo discurritur. GLOSSARY Multicolores : Caerulei: Arbiter : Praepulsatio: Testudo: Eiector: Extractus : Praedator: Vola tor :

Antesignani: Calcare: Miles novissimus: Latus: Iudex la tcris: Vexillum : F inis : Pileus : Indutiae :

Stripes Blues Referee Knock-on Set-serum Serum-half Hooked Wing-forward Fly-half

Forwards To heel Full-back Touch Touch-judge F lag Try-line Hat Ha lf-time

NOTES

Praepulsat io: Praedator:

The a uthority for this word is dubi ous but G eminiani in his admirable a rticle in the "Philoglobulus Quarterly", Vol. XII, No. 16, gives ample evidence of its true meaning. T he presence of predatory o utriders was an essential feature of the Roma n army. Their usage in this context is commended by Prof. Wienewski. 300

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Eos ex eo depellite: " Shove 'em ofT it!"- this well-known battle cry, according to Prof. Schellenheimer, was first used by the Numidian troops at the battle of Zama. Other authorities, including Prof. Klotz, deny the presence of Numidians at this battle, and suggest that this was a colloquial expression used among the legionaries quarrelling over their food. Pileus: A hat normally worn by a schoolboy in the Forum or on stateoccasions. Flocci: Floccus is usually found in the phrase, "Non flocci facio- ! do not care a brass farthing or a straw." Either translation seems feasible here. D.S.G. G.P.R.

CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL SINCE THE REFORMATION

There is a tendency to end a description of Canterbury Cathedral at the Reformation as if its splendour and vivid life ended then. In many ways the Middle Ages were very picturesque centuries. They were great Cathedral building centuries, they were the centuries of the great pilgrimages, but what began then was not broken at the Reformation. On March 20th, 1540, Archbishop Cranmer, Sir Richard Rich and Sir Christopher Hales were given authority to receive the surrender of the Prior and monks of Christ Church and the old monastic life came to an end. But it was through the work and inspiration of the monks that the building we know and love came into being. The monastic community came to an end, but it was succeeded by a Foundation in which many of the old names, offices and customs continued. The Curfew still rings and the Porter shuts the gates; there is the same zeal for education; the Precentor still has charge of the music and music books and the Sacrist of the Cathedral ornaments, linen and vestments. Daily prayer and praise to God is still offered in the Cathedral Church, using often the same ancient collects, chanting the same psalms and sometimes singing the same hymns. In 1540 new Statutes had to be drawn up and Canterbury became a Cathedral of the New Foundation. These Statutes provided for a Dean, 12 residentiary Canons, 12 Minor Canons, 6 Preachers, 12 Lay Clerks, 1 Master of the Choristers, 2 teachers of the Grammar School, 50 Scholars, 12 Bedesmen, 2 Vergers, 2 Gate Porters and a number of other minor officials-134 in all. Nicholas Wootton became the first Dean and he remained Dean till 1567. To stand by his monument in the Trinity Chapel brings to mind the whole period of the Reformation, with all the heart-searching it brought, its period of storm and stress as well as its quieter and more serene times. The immediate break with R ome was marked by the stripping of the altars in the Chapels of the Cathedral , and the confiscation by the king of all the treasure. Greedy hands laid hold of much that was of rare beauty in the way of vestments, linen and altar furnishings. Much brick and stone was taken from the old monastic buildings to be used in the new houses required. The housing question must have been a problem when 12 Canons and 12 Minor Canons required houses. lt was at this time that part of the Crypt was used as a wood and later a coal cellar. 301

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'the 16th century saw the great translations of the Bible into English and .Henry issued the following Royal Injunction: "Ye shall provyde ... one boke of the whole Bible of the largest volume in E nglyshe, and the same sett up in summe convenyent place within the said churche that ye have care of, whereas you r parish ioners may most commodiously resort to the same and rede yt." That Bible may still be seen in the North Quire aisle. The tomb in the Corona is a reminder of the days of Queen Mary who tried to bring back the authority of the Pope in England a nd pre-Reformation teaching, ritual and ornaments. Queen Elizabeth I came once to Canterbury where she spent a Sunday and worshipped in the Cathedral. In her reign the Huguenots who were being persecuted in France fou nd a welcome in E ngland and many of these exiles came to Canterbury where they were allowed to worshi p in the Crypt and later in the Black Prince's Chantry, a service that is continued every Sunday afternoon to the present day. And the tomb in the Trinity Chapel of Cardinal Coligny reminds us of the refuge and sympathy England has for long centuries given to the oppressed and the persecuted. What of the Cathedral in the 17th century? l n 1633 William Laud became Archbishop of Canterbury. At that time there was much that needed reform in the Church, especially in the conduct of services. Laud had the vision of what right ceremonial should be, he wanted it to be the outward expression of true worship and devotion. He had a ll the scholarship and knowledge, the enthusiasm, the undaunted courage to carry out what he believed to be right, but he was also intolerant, sometimes narrow-minded and tactless in his methods. But the Church owes a great deal to Laud. He had a high conception of the Church and he put into the services greater reverence, seemly order and dignified ritual which were English and inspired by a sense of worship and devotion. As soon as he had been enthroned Laud announced that he was going to hold a Visitation in the Cathedra l Church. There was much bustling and hurrying to get things in order for his arrival. He drew up new Statutes for the Cathedral and made various comments on customs that had grown up. He very much disapproved of houses being let in the Precincts to lay people, as he said it was detri mental to the secluded collegiate life for which the Statutes made provision. The Dean and Chapter explained to the Archbishop that as they paid heavy taxes it was "a very convenient thing to be able to lay part of the burden upon such of the laity as dwell among us, who when they are persons of quality bear a considerable part." The Civil War left a tragic mark on the Cathedral. The Puritans did not believe that the Reformation had gone far enough. They wanted no images, no stained glass with representation of God and His saints, for they believed that such tended to idolatry. When the tide of war gave the ascendancy to the Puritans, we get the sad and tragic story of the Nave of the Cathedral used as a stable for their horses, of the destruction of sculpture and glass and of the fanatical and iconoclastic work of Richard Culmer, popularly known as Blue Dick. But there were happier days to come. In May, 1660, Charles II passed through Canterbury on his way from Dover to London. He spent the night there and "the next day being Sunday he went to his devotions in the Cathedral, which he found much di lapidated and out of repair, yet the people seemed glad to hear the Common Prayer agai n." 302

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Years went by and the 18th century dawned. A few changes were made in the furoishing and arrangement of the Quire, but it was not a period of great change. The throne of Archbishop Tenison, made of fine Renaissance woodwork, was set up and remained in place until 1844 when the present throne was erected . There was a good dea l of apathy in the Cathedral life and the Chapter were more often away tha n in Canterbury. At the end of the century we are told of the Dea n as a thin g to be noted that "he spent Lent in Canterbury in order to hear the Minor Canons preach".

The 19th century was a period of amazing growth and change. In the Quire the pews we re removed and the present oak stalls and seats were put in, and the panelling was removed from the screen. Some of this may be seen to-day in the porch at the entrance of the S. W. door of the Cathedral. G reat changes took place in the Crypt. It was cleared of a ll that desecrated it. The Chapel of the Eastern Crypt was restored in memory of Dr. Moore, Ca non of Canterbury from 1903- 191 6, who gave his learning both to Oxford an d to Cante rbury and who was famed as a Dante scholar. The Chapel of Our Lady of the Undercroft was restored as a thankoffering for the work a nd lives of Archbishop Davidson a nd Edith his wife. T he Chapel of the Holy Innocents was restored by Canon Francis Holland, Canon of Canterbury from 1882 to 1908, one who was known both in Canterbury and London as a teacher and founder of schools. He also restored the Chapel of St. Anselm, a restorati on that disclosed the more than 700 years old fresco of St. Paul on the island of Malta. Other Chapels have also been brought back into use in these latter days : St. Edward the Confessor, St. Martin, St. Aug ustine, St. Stephen, St. John the Evangelist, St. Mary Magdalene. St. Ma rtin keeps alive the memory of Lord M ilner; St. Augustine that of Dr. Arthur James Mason, who was filled with an intense love for and knowledge of the Cathedral- its hiscory, its fa bric, its glass, its worship ; St. Stephen reminds us of Archbishop Cosmo Lang, and St. John the Evangelist of Archbishop William Temple.

What story have these la tter years to tell of rhe very heart of the Cathedra l- its worship? lt is a wonderful story of the growing sense of man's desire to express the inner meaning of worship in dignified ceremonial a nd ritual, of the g rowing sense that the Cathedral is the centre of the diocese and the natural place where great services representing all the man y and varied interests of young and old are held, of the growing sense that in times of national crisis it is to the Cathedral that men a nd women come to commit their cause to God. And there is the ever-growing sense of Canterbury as the Mother Church not only of the diocese but of the whole Anglican Communion spread throughout the world, a sense that finds recognition in the great services held in Canterbury Cathedral at the opening of each Lambeth Conference. It has been finely said that the historic past lives in the living present. How true this is of Canterbury! Through the centuries the Cathedral has stood and stands today strong, serene, maj estic. As by a miracle it was spared when a ll around it lay destruction. It tells an enduring tale of the vicissitudes of EngUsh life in days gone by and is a storehouse of wisdom and understanding, of counsel and strength for English life today. It keeps us in touch with great things that happened long ago, its preservation is a challenge to all who work in it, to all who worship in it, to all who in ever-increasing numbers enter within its walls and leaving, take its message far and wide. Above all the turmoil and the fret, the bewilderment, the voices of strife of this troubled world, the Cathedral stands triumphant and in history and sym bol tells us : "The Lord reigneth."

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A NATIVITY CAROL IN OLD GLASS Gold and red and blue and green Deck the Child and Mary Queen; The ox and ass in wonder stand, And look-the lamb at God's right hand. Green and blue and red and gold The simple shepherds' praise enfold; Beneath the pictured lantern dim They ponder still the angels' hymn.

...

Blue and gold and green and red Robe the Magi, royally led By God's own star; their gifts they hold Of myrrh and frankincense and gold. Red and gold and green and blueSee the Child will die for you, For your bliss his godhood shedSee the glory crown His headBlue and green and gold and red.

s.s.s.

RONSARD SONNETS POUR HELENE LVIII When you are old- and when the evenings fallAnd you are spinning threads of candle-light, The wonder of the words which now I write Shall to the end your beauty then recall. No sleepy crone your heart will then enthral With some new praise, which once was Ronsard's rightTo eternize your virtues, now so bright, But then forgotten and ignored of all. For I, within my "fine and private place" Shall be at rest, after this mortal race; You will be old, and o'er your embers bent You'll Jack my love. My dear, no longer wait. The rose of life is here; 'tis not too late; Savour its petals now and their sweet scent.

s.s.s.

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DUST "What of vile dust?" the preacher said. Methought the whole world woke, The dead stone lived beneath my foot, And my whole body spoke. "You that play tyrant to the dust, And stamp its wrinkled face, This patient star that flings you not Far into homeless space; "Come down out of your lifeless shrine The living dust to seeThese flowers that at your sermon's end Stand blazing silently. " Rich white and blood-red blossom; stones, Lichens like fire encrust; A gleam of blue, a glare of gold, The vision of the dust." GLOSS: Not only the plan but also a good deal of the incidental symbolism was suggested by the Grimm Fairy Tales. Indeed, so deeply am 1 indebted, Grimm's book will elucidate the difficullies of the poem much better than my notes can do: and recommend it (apart from the great interest of the book itself) to any who think such elucidation of the poem worth the trouble. I The following lines were stimulated by the sentence "In the midst of life we are in death" from the burial service. This sentence is derived from a Latin antiphon, said to have been composed by Notker, a monk of St. Gall, in 911, wltile watching some workmen building a bridge at Martinsbrucke, in peril of their Jives. It forms the groundwork of Luther's antiphon "De Morte". Line 1. The preacher, although not a "character", is the most important personage in the poem. He is the only personage. 2. A phenomenon, which I have often noticed. 3. Cf. Part IV, line i.

Line I. Cf., Part I, line l ; Part Ill, line 2 and Part 1V, line 4. 3. I am not familiar with the modern conception of the universe, from which I have obviously departed to suit my own convenience. 4. Cf. Pope "Ye Gods! Annihilate but space and time And make two lovers happy." Martinus Scriblenus on the Act of Sinking in Poetry.

III Line 1. 1 do not know the origin of the ballad from which these lines are taken: it was reported to me in Kano, Northern Nigeria. 2. Cf. Eccles. xii, 7. 3. Cf. Part I, line 1, Part IJ, line 1 and Part IV, line 4. 305

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IV Line 1. Th is line was inspired by Tlte R osy Wreath by Rufinus : II LJUnu fTUi. ' (' ,(o.->.Ctll. 700C tntif>o~ tit•0EITI K11>.oi• tiuTo• 1",¢' i/ltETC(Iflt• 7r>.£ft;ll£1JO. ,.,>.,(;/ "" ~ (:'f17t l•:p(1' 01' , fjU;~IJ

7E l(u}..oE. lt OTt"fHJ 7 tiuep..t0111J 1 IUti I";(JK lfllTO ~ iJ<yp Q~ , INti -rnVT u u•<'frullt',,,,, Atj/jo l' J'G ..tti ,\"uXo'· CoUnu ,; ,,Oel~ Kui X 'tJ"'J CI~ INti ntt Kui

KUtt l'tiV"f'\'

(Q,,

J t1Tifj>avo\'

I refer you particularly to the middle couplet- "wet narcissus" has F reudian connotations. 2. A brillia nt me taphor. 3. Cf. John Fen·iar. Bibliomania. Line 6. 4. Cf. Part J, line I, Part H, line l and Pa rt III, line 3.

ORPHANS " It was the devious cruising ' Rachel' that in her retracing search after missing child ren, o nly fo und another o rphan." As you walk along the cliff road which runs from the inner harbour of Brixham up towards Berry H ead, you come to the orphanage. The British Seamen's Orphan Boys' Home is a bleak building of cold grey stone and da rk green paint with hard beds a nd ha rd d iscipl ine. 'A hig h wall with fragments of broken g lass cemented on the top surro unds the house li ke a prison wa ll. Between the green wooden bars o f a gate wh ich is the only break in the wa ll , is the face of a small boy, who has just escaped from an elderly guardian with a time-tattered tempera ment. F ull of excitement he ca lls out to " Pa ul" to come and see a bitch slouching past; it is a dirty black mongrel. They are two lonely creatures each pitying the other for the misery which they know so well. F urther a long the road is the Royal National Life-boat Institute with the lifeboat, the Admiral George Sltee, floating in the o uter harbour beneath, and proudly displaying its royal colours. The boathouse's red metal roof is on the same level as the road on which are many boards showing charts a nd lists of achievements, like a school's assembly hall : "No. 24. 3. 17. 1939. M.B. White Lady. Stood by." "No. 54. 17.12. 1944. TugEmpireA/ji"ec/, Yardcraft249. Rescued 19." Between the boards arc three collectio n boxes which are small replicas of a life-boat. They are waving in the gentle breeze, empty. Just as salvation lies somewhere between charity and mercy so the war memorial, remembering those who will surely have salvation, stand s in a small ga rden between the orphanage, wh ich follows after cha rity, and the life-boat station, the giver of mercy. The memorial, also in g rey stone, has a trunk which tapers into a cross and stands on a large cube of stone with steps leading to it. On all four sides of t he trunk is written: " In grateful m emory of o ur heroic fellow citizens who sacrificed their lives in the W orld Wars." On the sides of the stone base are writte n the names of these h eroes a nd on three sides are the names of seamen only. Two "Richardsons" died in the first war and two were killed in the second war. Thus wid owed mothers with widowed daughters are born. Wise men, flattering, have deceived us ! On each side of the war memorial, on the steps, is a small vase on which is wri tten: "Their name li veth for ever !" The vases are empty. S.C.F. 306

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HARVEY THE MAN Among a number of contemporaries who ha ve left brief memoirs of Harvey, John Aubrey gives a colourful and informa ti ve sketch of several aspects of his life. Aubrey did not meet the Doctor until he was past middle life a nd already a considerable public fi gure, but thereafter his contact was often close and personal. "I first saw him", Aubrey says, "at Oxford, 1642, after the Edgehill fight, but [was then too yo ung to be acquainted with so great a Doctor. I had not the honour to be acquainted with him 'till 1651 , being my she cosen Montague's physitian and friend." "In person", Aubrey continues, "Ha rvey was not ta ll but of the lowest stature; round faced; al ivaster (like wai nscote) complexion; li ttle eie, round very black, full of spirit; his haire was black as a raven, but quite white twenty yea rs before he died." Existing authentic portraits confirm this descri ption in a ge nera l way, and shew Harvey to be a man with a high broad forehead giving his face a rounded appeara nce, with well developed features, a small drooping moustache, a pointed well kept beard and da rk brown eyes, the whole giving an impression of a quiet contemplative ma n, rather aloof, but with a soft far away expression in his eyes. Aubrey describes him as being hot headed in his youth: " He was as all the rest of the brothers very cholerique and in his yo ung days wore a dagger, as the fashion then was, which he would be apt to draw out upon very slight occasion." In later years there is no evidence of this trait, and it is mo re tha n likely that this drawing of the dagger was a mannerism. Perhaps he toyed with it as he spoke a nd used it as a pointer, much as one would use a pencil to-day. Certainly in later life he shewed more tha n usual restraint, and he was a lways thoughtful and courteous, even to those who reviled him and belittled his work. Before setting out for Italy, Aubrey seeks Harvey's advice which was given unstintingly. Of the interview he wrote: "He was very communicative and willing to instruct any that were modest and respectful. And in order to my journey gave me what to see, what company to keep, what books to read, how to manage my stud ies; in short he bid m e goe to the fountain head and read Aristotle, Cicero, Avicenna, and did call the neoteriques sh itt-breeches." Harvey disliked pompousness, deceit and under-handedness, and did not suffer fools easily. Withal he had a lively sense of humour. Talking of Lord Chancellor Bacon who was a n introspective constantly ailing man, he remarked one day, "He writes philosophy like a Chancellor. I have cured him!" On another occasion he said of Bacon, "He has a delicate li vely hazel eie; Dr. Harvey", writes Aubrey, "told me it was like the eie of a viper." Of mankind in general the Doctor did not have a very high opinion, a nd was wont to say "Man is but a great mischievous baboon." On the other hand he held the fair sex in high esteem complaining " We E uropea ns know not how to order or govern our women, and tha t the Turks were the only people who used them wisely." With Harvey, friendship was a n enduring thing, a life time experience, and he appears to have had a wonderful knack of endearing himself to all who met him-witness Fabricius, C harles Scarburgh, George Ent a nd his colleagues of the College of Physicians. His friendship with Cha rles, his royal master, was as warm a nd deep as it was sincere, and he always spoke of him in terms of unfeigned Jove and r espect, which the King reciprocated. 307

THE CANTUA RIAN

"He being for the King ... " he attended him wherever he went, no matter how the tides of fortune flowed. A record of a happier occasion is to be found in a small manuscript book in the British M useum, when one Christmas, Harvey gave the King " . .. a box of marmalade" and received in return " ... xxiiij ounces of silver plate". In spite of many opportunities for intrigue and personal advancement at Court, Harvey never succumbed, always standing aloof, and never becoming a party to a ny faction. T he execution of the King profoundly shocked him and he never really recovered from it. His relations with his brothers and other relatives were always of the very warmest. They aU helped each other, and worked together as a team. "After Oxford was surrendered which was 24th July 1646, he came to London and lived with his brother Eliab, a rich merchant in London on ... hill opposite to St. Lawrence Poultry church, wh ich was then a high leaden steeple... . " "For twenty yea res before he dyed he tooke no manner of care about his worldly concerns, but his brother Eliab, who was a very wise and prudent manager, ordered all, not only faithfully, but better than he could have done himself." Throughout his long life Harvey had a lways been a great thin ker : "He was always very contemplative, and the first that I heare of that was curious in anatomie in England." Again Aubrey says, " He did delight to be in the dark, a nd told me he could then best contemplate. He had a house heretofore at Coombe in Surrey, a good a ire and prospect, where he had caves made in the earth, in which in summer time he delighted to medi tate." He was a lso a great obser ver of animal li fe. " He had made dissections of frogges, toades and a number of other anima ls, and had curious observations on them." William with his brothers, was one of the first to drink coffee regularly, q uite some time befo re the first coffee-house was opened in London about 1652, and he makes special reference to his "coffee pot" in his wi ll. H is niece Mary West and her daughter, are left all his plate, but the treasured pot is left to Eliab. Aubrey tells how in his later years, Harvey suffered much from the gout. "He was much and often troubled with the gout, and his way of cure was thus; He would sit with his legs bare, though it were frost, on the leads of Cockaine House, p ut them into a pail of water till he was almost dead with the cold, then betake himself to his stove, a nd so 'twas gone." Sleeplessness was one of his problems too. " He was hot headed, and his thoughts working would many times keepe him from sleepinge : he told me", Aubrey records, "that then his way was to rise out of his bed and walke a bout his chamber in his shirt till he was pretty cool ; i.e., till he began to have a horror, a nd then return to bed, and sleep very comfortably. " The curtain lifts for a brief moment on the closing years of his life when he was living in Eliab's house in Roehampton a loved member of a fami ly circle, to shew an eccentric old man living out his allotted span. The information was given to D r. Heberden by a Mrs. H arvey, the old ma n's great-niece, in 1761. She told how " He used to walk out in a morni ng combing his hair in the fields." " He was humoursome and would sit down exactly at the time he had appointed for dinner whether the company was come or not." And " His salt-cella r was always fi lled with sugar, which he used to eat instead of salt." H arvey was a religious ma n, a nd shewed true piety throughout his life. Evidence of his faith comes from ma ny sides from early life to old age a nd is marked throughout the course of his work on "Generation" . When he obta ined his diploma at Padua, the space 308

THE FJRST PAGE OF THE DIPLOMA AWARDED TO WILLIAM HARVEY AT PADUA, 25th APRIL, 1602 ( By k ind permission of the Royal College of Physicians, London)

THE CANTUAR[AN

in which often a portrait of the graduate was painted, contained in Harvey's case the words "IN CHRISTI NOMINE AMEN". Turning to his last will and testament which is undated but probably completed between July, 1651, and February, 1653, it begins : "In the name of the Almighty and Eternal God. Amen. I William Harvey of London, Doctor of Physic, doe by these presents make and ordain th is my last Will and testament, in manner and form following, revoking hereby all former and other wills and testaments whatsoever. " " Imprimis, I doe most humbly render my soule to Him that gave it and to my blessed Lord and Saviour Christ Jesus and my bodie to the Earth to be buried...."

RECIPE Latin Unseen-a 45 minute hash. Two minutes page fi nding Two minutes watch winding Two minutes low jawing Two minutes margin drawing Two minutes name writing Two minutes nail biting Two minutes misreading Two minutes sly feeding Two minutes appraising Two minutes hand raising Two minutes ink seeking Two minutes chair squeaking Two minutes ink finding Two minutes teeth grinding Two minutes distance judging Two minutes neighbour nudging Two minutes foot shuffling Two minutes cough muffling Two minutes conceiving Two minutes blank leaving Two minutes watch testing Two minutes well-earned resting Which, if you add up the score, Leaves j ust one minute more .

A. S.M. 309

T H E CANTUARlA N

STONEHENGE 1500 B.C. As a carver from Mycenae acting in response to British traders' requests for skilled labour for the reconstruction of their temple, I had been very apprehensive abo ut my reception. However, once my ala rm over thei r brightly-coloured bodies had been allayed by assurances that this was mere wa r paint, a nd once I had become accustomed to their unfortunate tendency to throw axes at me- mistaking me for a n enemy as my skin was unstained and my clothes elaborate- ! fou nd them affable and easy to wo rk with. The task in ha nd was tl1e erectio n of some very large Sa rsen stones into the shape of a circle of uprights a nd a horseshoe of trilithons. The origina l structure of bluestones was being disma ntled- since they represented the cult of another tribe, whom my friends had overthrown. When the stones had been dragged on sledges eighteen miles from a Northern plain, by huge ga ngs of volunta ry labour, to the site, they had to be shaped before erection. The Britons were accustomed to doi ng this by the arduous method of intensive hammering with 60 lb. mauls. 1 introduced them to alterna ting heat and cold and then inserting wedges into the cracks, thus caused. After one day of hammering, l put in a strong application for a transfer to the administrative side. The Britons were a lready ski lled in tenon and mortice joints for fitting the lintels on to the uprights and so besides selecting the stones and super vizing the work, a ll I had to do was to put my mason's mark, an axehead, on to the fin ished slab. This was done by scratching with a pointed stone or with their bronze axes. lt took three yea rs to sha pe the stones to the satisfaction of the religious leaders, whose power was both tempora l a nd spiritual. The people were backwa rd and su perstitious and lived by trading and the spoils of war. In such a community the exten t a nd efficiency of their organ ization, by which hundreds of men could be employed for years in reconstructing their religious centre, a mazed me most. There were, of course, grumbliogs but their fear of the deities triumphed and there were few personal qua rrels, as they showed a remarkable aptitude for compromise. I learned little a bout thei r religion but dancing played a major part in their ceremonies and fear was the chief motive fo r worship. Their food and dress were simp le and everything was judged on its standard of utility. I was sad to leave their shores after three years and the completion of my part of the work, but they paid me well with va ri ous valuables and had looked after me, after initial misgivings, as one of themselves. They are a backward, even a savage race but they possess many great qualities which we would do well to cultivate, and which could raise them, eventually, to a civilization matching our own.

••

J.R.C.W.

The night sky treens far purple over sleeping, glittered Babylon And feels the pulse of waiting, breathing minarets; Dry stars watch, powdered fi re, far on a fu tureless palm ; The moon casts from the twilight's bank, draws echoing shadows of water-colour blue, Slanting, oblique, acute on little walls, face-pale, Dissolving, merging, like fingers of fear in the war-sky, As the desert swings and the moon's wheel turns to the dawn. 3 10

..•

TH E C ANT U ARJ AN

REMINISCENCE " Forty yea rs o n when afa r a nd asunder Parted are those who are singing to-day. When they look back and fo rgetfu lly wonder W hat they were li ke in their wor k and their play . . . . " (From the Harrow School Song.) La ndwa rd and Seawa rd, Seawa rd a nd La ndward, C rescendoes th e wave o n the shi fti ng shore To su rge back t he shale o f the previo us withdrawa l. T he smack of the impact flat o n the cli fT Sou nds up to me muffled and d ull as [ sit On the moss-covered slo pe of a crag. Yes, but what of those " fo rty yea rs o n . . ."? But are they all years that have leapt fro m that Ti me since I stood o n t his sho re long ago, Leaving the sea-weed to die on the rocks Which the tide of youth once washed with its life? Can o nly the level of memory return As a gust-carried spray from the storm of Confusion to dampen this dried u p decay? Hours spent in a room flood back even now W ith a r oar of spume and sto nes in my ea rs. T hose boo ks on the shelves, cracked reco rds of time, G rindi ng o ut eras th at r ose to co llapse Like the crash of a cliff to destructi o n, Open their leaves to my tho ughts in the gloom Reverting me back as a scrib bling youth T o that ta ble o f oak a nd knowledge In the mahoga ny wi ndow-d immed roo m Wit h its smell o f old leather and polish. W hat futu re rose up with t he ticking clock, Neatly ha rnessing work to progression. But conceptions were veiled by the d ust of T hose books, which fi lmed up the s ight of my eyes. Sea-scudding storms have ru sted th is chassis And clogged up its engine with shifting slime. T his twisted old w reck is buried in sand But the d ust has been blown from my eyes. G ABRIEL BROWN E, ~ II

THE C ANTUARIAN

THE SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS It is easy to sermonize, to repeat time-worn platitudes, to denounce Christmas crackers and plum-pudding as sham, and to declare that values are distorted and the world heathen, without aligning the perspective of the twentieth century commercialized Christmas. Commercialization has blinded many- perhaps the majority- to the significa nce of the Nativity, and the material aspects of Christmas- the tinsel and fairy lights and the Christmas-cracker paper-chain effervescence that surround the Festival-have become its apparent essence. But the fact remains that decoration and festivity are not wrong in themselves, provided they do not obscure the essentials of God and the gift of His Son, by becoming of absolute significance. Indeed, they create an atmosphere of joy, their effect is delightful, and holly and mistletoe, roast turkey and Christmas trees are aspects of the season we wou ld not be without. The anxious nights of childhood when urgent messages are pinned to a large stocking on the mantelpiece and the intense thrill of finding it bulging full early next morning, are living memo ries of an experience which in no way distorted the meaning of Christmas. Error occurs o nly in stressing material aspects as being ultimately significant, than as arising from the deeper significance of goodwill and enthusiastic joy which is the heart of the Christmas message. The emphasis is on the giving, not the receipt of gifts. This is where the balance has shifted to obscure the gift of Bethlehem, a nd to amplify the material gain that Christmas brings. The atmosphere of Christmas, despite commercialization, is one of genuine peace and goodwill, but the vaun ted popularity of the season expressed in the bonhomie of pantomime and party often ignores the fact that goodwill is a thank-offering for the gift of Love, at Christmas. The spirit depends upon the goodwill between individuals where there is only thought for others, and not for oneself, for Christmas can admit no selfishness. It celebrates a divine gift. Love reduces the struggles of material power, superhuman and destructive force, to dust, and this is why overemphasis o n celebration distorts the meaning of Christmas. The just balance, of festivity emanating from thanksgiving, has been upset, festivity has become important, and a scarlet clad Father Christmas has displaced a Child in a manger. The shepherds, the angels, the kings rejoiced, but our rejoicing must emerge from the joy and gratitude we feel for the gift of Love, in Christ, to men. Then commercialization will be in perspective, then "I want to have" will a lways be, "I want to give", and we will not be like those who kill the fatted calf for an important earthly visitor.... " But at the coming of the King of Heaven All's set at six and seven; We wallow in our sin, Christ cannot find a chamber in the ion. We entertain Him a lways Jjke a stranger And, as at first, still lodge Him in the Manger."

312

THE CANTUARIAN

ELVIS- A REVALUATION " Rock is out" (the present popularity of music in the rock 'n' roll idiom is declining) the disc jockeys tell us ; but the publication and sales of " Elvis' Christmas Album" seem to contradict this statement. At any rate, it is time that abuse (e.g ., "they did that sort of thing in the jungle years ago"-Sir Malcolm Sa rgent) should cease and that a t rue revaluation if this entertainer should be made. For the uninitiated we include a draft of the Presley Story written in the classic style of modern journalism: "Man, dig this dynamo. Ever since Elvis stepped out of his cradle in 1935 he was shaped for a star. Poverty, truck driving and ushering in a cinema- nothing could keep Elvis back. First milestone was the golden disk of 1955 for a 'blues-tinged opus-in-agony' Heartbreak Hotel. Instantly acclaimed by teenagers as a fi tting delegate for this tough modern generation, sales of his disks a nd arrests at his concerts battled for the highest total. Who else has four Cadillacs which are periodically painted with love messages by his teenage fans? Who else has up to 4,000 fan letters a day? Elvis has been acclaimed by the world- he must be good." So much for this. But what of Elvis' impact? " Oh, yes, I'm an Elvis fa n- I'd li ke to fan him with a brick" (alternative version: "Dig Elvis ? Sure, I'd like to dig his grave"). His mother remembers him as " a gracious, quiet boy" who was " lonely and shy"; now with screaming girls and extra police at concerts, he is hailed as the pioneer of "grunt and groin" singing. Nation-wide contests carry hairs of his chest as prizes ; " you gotta hand it to the boy- he's it-now." Perhaps he is just another symbol of the depravity of the only society which has gone from birth to decadence with no intermediate period of civilisation. Nothing like Elvis has been known before; however, both Tacitus and Livy foresaw the reaction of his audiences, e.g. "ut non armis sed vitiis viderentur certari", "nihil in vulgo modicum". As for the "dance" act that a beserk adolescent described as "man, that's sheer sex" (he has been ordered by the San Francisco police to clean up his act), here is the Presley explanation: "I can' t believe that all this has happened to me. l'm sure grateful to everybody who has responded to my style. But if that's what they want I'll go on giving it to them. I just can't help it-when I sing I move around." But after all this, what are we to do for Elvis ? Perhaps most abuse is j ustified ; no doubt many would hang him on the same lamp-post as Rasputin, Colin Wilson, Lo rd Altrincham and Alfredo Messina, but hanging is hardly constructive. Clive Bell tells us that the purpose of art is the awakening of good states of mind ; it is possible that music in the popula r idiom could achieve this. Couldn't the Western world enco urage instead of abusing it with the convention that followers of the latest musical trend must be rebels ? J.B.S.F.

~13

I, THE CANTUARIAN

THE SCHOOL ROLL 1605- 6 [Headmaster and Second Master in the nex t three ye<1rs arc Roger Raven and Rufus Rogers respectively.] [Alternative spellings occuring in the MS. arc given in squ<1re brackets.] [Names of scholars for this year are taken from the fa ir copy of the Treasu rer's Accounts (New Foundation, No. 14).] Ladyday Midsummer Michael mas Christmas John Webb K .S. K .S. K.S. John M<1stcr[s] K.S. Thomas Carter Samuel Raven Will iam Fulkfe) Jeremy [Jarm in] Pcind[c] K.S. " Will iam Aechard [Acchcr] Roger Cox [Cocks] Edward Dering Thomas Hawkes Daniel Dec William Moore K.S. Samuel Simpson Bezaliel Carter Thomas Lightfootc K.S. Henry Heyman [Hayman] William Carre Charles Grovc[s) K.S. Nathaniel Wilson John Denne Nathaniel Hilton John Allen K.S. Thomas Luss[h]ington H enry May William Johnson Thomas Dredham Henry Hull Wa rham Jemmctt John Waad K.S. Chri>topher Collard Daniel G ibbon[s] John Carlell K.S. Jonas Denne William Jenkyn [Jenkin) William Deane Thomas K ing[e]smill John Hallett John Seller [Ccller[s)) Ambrose Richman Richard Yate John Bradf01d K.S. K.S. Abraham Bro midge [Bromydge)[Beomidge [sic]] John Grove[s) John Scrymshawe [Scrimshe) .. George Dorrell Willia m Balden Richard Norwood Bartho lomew Amy[a)s [Amias)

~14

...

THE CANTUARIAN Richard Colfe Peter Colbrand Michael Saxpes Robert Denne George Batchelcr John Chapman John Goodden John Watson Anthony Barham Richard Juxon William Hammon Peter Wynne [Winne] William Neale Edward Tylman Thomas Swift John Linch James Swift Henry Greeneland

Christmas K.S.

Ladyday K.S.

Midsummer Michae/mas K.S. K.S.

1606-7 [Treasurer's Accounts (New Foundation, No. IS).] Christmas K.S. John D enn [William Denn occurs instead at Midsummer, 1607] Nathaniel Wilson [Wylson] [Thomas Wylson occurs instead at Christmas, 1606] Henry Maye William Johnson Thomas Breadham Henry Hull John Waad Christopher Collard Thomas Carter John Carlell Jonas Denn William Jenkin William Beane Thomas Kingsmill Jeremy Peind[e] John Hawlett John Seller[s] [Cellers] Ambrose Richman John Bradford Abraham Bromi[n]ge [Bromydge] John Grove[s] John Skrimshae [Scrymshe] " George Dorrell William Balden Richard Norwood Bartholomew Amyas [Amye] " John Chapman William Aecher [Archer] 315

Ladyday K.S.

Midsummer Michae/mas K.S. K.S.

.. K.S.

K.S.

K.S. K.S. K.S.

" " " "

K.S.

" " K.S.

K.S.

THE CANTUAR I AN Christmas K.S.

Ladyday K.S.

Midsummer Michae/mas K.S. K.S.

William Archer Richard Colfe George Batcheler Robert Denn K.S. K.S. K.S. Michael Saxpes Peter Colbrand John Godden John Watson K.S. K.S. Anthony Barham Richard Juxon [Juxsonl William Ha m[m]on LHammonde] Peter Wynn[e) Henry Green[e]land William Neale James Swifte John Linch[e) K.S. Edward Tylman Thomas Swifle Henry Seller[s) Francis Wormall Benjamin Salley [Sally[e)] George Hull K.S. Thomas Jetter James Robinson[e) K.S. K.S. Egidius Baden Stephen Cooper Francis Raworth Nicholas Ospringe Samuel Hooke William Gibbon Robert Yates Mark Cullin[ge) John Edwards George K ennard T heo. White Charles Seller[s] Samuel Pownall William D avis [D aves] Charles Hutchinson Christopher Ba[t]cheler Aaron Windebanke Thomas Langworth John Terry Nathaniel Chambers James Pashly â&#x20AC;˘LJohn Denn occupies, at Ladyday, Midsummer and Michaelmas in the previous year, the position in the list occupied at Christmas by Jonas Denn. Since Jonas had left by Ladyday 1606, this "Jonas" is probably a mistake for "John".)

rr.

~17

.. ..

T H E CAN TU ARIAN

1608-09 [Treasurer's Accounts (New Foundation, No. 17).] [Roger Raven receives ÂŁ20 as Headmaster in this year. Rufus Rogers receives 50/- for one term and John Ludd ÂŁ7 lOs . Od. for three terms as successive Second Masters.] Christmas Ladyday Midsummer Michae/mas Theophilus White K.S. K.S. K.S. James Swifte K.S. John Bradford William Beane Abraham Brummidge George Darrell K.S. William Balclen Richard Norwood Ba rtholomew Amys [Amyas] K.S. John Chapman William Archer K.S. Richard Colf(e] George Bachelor [Batchelor] Michael Saxpes Peter Colbrand J ohn Godden Anthony Barham K.S. K.S. Richard Juxon [J uxson] William Ham[m]on Peter Wynne Henry Greeneland Thomas Swifte K.S. K.S. William Neale Edward Tylman " Henry Seller[s] K.S. Francis Wormall Benjamin Sall[e]y [Sallye] Thomas Jetter Egidius Baden K.S. K.S. Stephen Cooper K.S. N icholas Osprenge Samuel Hooke William G ibbon K.S. Robert Yates Mark Cullinge Joh n Edwards George Kennard Francis Groves Samuel Pownall K.S. K.S. Christopher Batcheler [Batchelor] Charles Seller Charles Hutchenson [Hutchinson] William Davys[se) [Davis) Nathaniel Chambers K.S. James Pashlye [Pashlie] Thomas Langworth John Terrye John Skrimsha[w]e Francis Raworth Aaron Windebanke [Windebanck][Wyndebancke] , K .S. K.S. Anthony Beacon , ,

_ ,.

...

THE CANTUARIAN

Christmas K.S.

Roger Maye Richard Inge Henry Petter John Claringbole Thomas Norwood Edward Aldey [Aidaye) Charles Braye George Gant Richard Marshe Edward Jemmett [Semmett) Nicholas Brett Richard Morris Henry Pysinge Christopher Heywood Abiezer Harber William Brewer Paul Contry

Ladyday K.S.

Midsummer Michae/mas K.S. K.S.

1609-10 LTreasurcr's Account s, New Foundation, No. 18.) LRoger Raven and J ohn Ludd a re Headmaster and Second Master respectively.] Christmas Ladyday Midsummer Michuelmas John Bradford K.S. Michael Saxby K.S. Richard Colf[e) K.S. K.S. James Swyft Thomas Langworth , K.S. K.S. Nicholas Ospringe , Peter Colbran Anthony Ba rham K.S. , William Hammon Peter Wynn[e) Thomas Swyft[e] K.S. K.S. William Neale Henry Sellars [Sellers) K.S. Francis Worman Benjamin Sally[e] K.S. K.S. William Gibbon Robert Yates , , Mark Culling John Edwards George Kennard Samuel Pownall Christopher Bacheler [Batcheler] " Charles Sellars [Sellers) " Charles Hutchinson Nathaniel Chambers James Paseley Aaron Wyndebanck [Windebanck] John Terry

319

THE CANTUA RIAN Christmas Anthony Beacon K.S. Roger Maye Richard loge Henry Peter [Petter] John Claringbole Thomas Norwood Edward Aldey Charles Brayc George Gaunt [Gant] Richa rd Marsh[e] Edward Jcmmett [Scmmct] Richa rd Maurice [Morrys] Nicholas Brett Henry Pysinge " Christopher H eywood Abiezer H arbar[t] William Brewer Paul Cuntry John Broome Thomas Webb John Player Richard Culmer Thomas Annott Herbert Finch [Fynch] John Colbrand George Clifford [Clyfford] Nevile Whitgrcvc Thomas Marson George Somner George Lakes John D aniel Samuel Wilson

Ladyday K.S.

Midsummer Michaelmas K.S. K.S.

â&#x20AC;˘

1610-11 [Treasurer's Accounts, New Foundauon, No. 19.) lRogcr Raven and John Ludd arc Headmaster and Second Master respectively.) Richard Colfe Henry Herne Thomas Swift Benjamin Salley [Sally] Nicholas Ospringe William G ibbon[s) Robert Yate[s] Mark Culling[e] John Edwards George Kennard Samuel Pownall Christopher Batchclcr Charles Sellcr[s] Charles Hutchinson Nathaniel Chambers

Christmas K.S.

Ladyday K.S.

Midmmmer Michaelmas K.S.

K.S.

K.S. K.S.

K.S.

320

THE CANTUARIAN Christmas

-:-

James Pashl[e]y Aaron Windebanck Thomas Langworth Anthony Be[a]con Roger Maye Richard Jnge Henry Petter John Claringbole [Ciaringboll] Edward Aldey Charles Braye George Gaunt[e] [Gant] Richard Marshe Edward Jemmet Richard Morrys [Morriesl Nicholas Brett Henry Pysinge [Pisinge] Christopher Heywood [Highwood] Abierer Harber [Abiezer Harbart] William Brewer Paul Cuntry [Country] John Bro[o]me Thomas Webb John Player Richard Culmer Thomas Annot Herbert Fynch[e] John Colbrand George Clifford Nevile Whitgreve Thomas Marson George Somner George Lakes John D aniell Samuel Wilson John Petter Henry Collard Peter Simon Thomas Head [Hed] Samuel Fawnt[e] Peter Tyb[b]old Edward Mer[r]ywether Edward Yonge Henry Austen Henry Wagstaff Roger Maye [sic] Benjamin Coif William Master

K.S.

Ladyday

K.S.

Midsummer Michaelmas

K.S.

.. .." " "

K.S.

" " " "

" " "

K.S.

" "

321

-!-.

THE CANTUARI AN

1611-12 and 1612-13 The scholars for these two years are given together, the first four columns representing the four quarters Christmas, Ladyday, Midsummer and Michaelmas of 1611-12, and the last four the four quarters or 1612-13. [Treasurer's Accounts, New Foundation, Nos. 20 and 21.] [Headmaster and Second Master arc Roger Raven and John Ludd respectively for bot h years.] Mich. Clw. Lad. Mids. Chr. Lad. Mids. Mich. K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Collcrd K.S. K.S. K.S. Sellers " Pasheley K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Maic [Maye] rscn.l Beacon K.S. K.S. K.S. Tnge K.S. Petter K.S. K.S. K.S . Claringboll K.S. Aldaic Braic Gaunt K.S. K.S. K.S. Ma[r]shc K.S. Jcm[m]et [Jemit] [Jennet] Morris K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Bret[t] Pysinge [Pisinge] " Heywood K.S. K.S. K.S. Herber[t] K.S. " K.S . Brewer K.S . Browne [Bro[o]me] Webb Player K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Culmer An not [a lso at Ladyday 1612, but struck out] Colbran K.S. K.S . Clifford K.S. K.S . Whitgreave [Geo.] Somner [Sumner] [sen.] " K.S. Lak[e]s [sen.] Wilson Petter K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Herne [Heronl Hedd [Head] Simons Mer[r]iwethcr Yonge TibbaU[s] K.S. K.S. Fant [Fannt] Austen Maie [m.] [iun r.] Wagstaffe Colfe Master[s] Warham Elvin Porrage [Pordage] Robin[g]son Richaeson [Richardson] Sherman

- -:-

....

322

THE CANTUARIAN Chr. Dunkin K.S. Mills [sen.] [Wells at Cbr. a nd Lad. 1612-13] Fleet[e) Pringle Turney lake[s) [m.] [i unr.) Phillip[p]s Boule [ Dowie) Gorham [Coreham] [Hen.) Sumner [iunr.] Fox[s)on Hues (Hewes] Everinge Lovelace Knowles Boys Dowly (Dowie] Clarke Mills [iunr.] C[h]rispe Pep[p]er Terry Lambe Cooper Ospringe Pickard Gibbons Miller Whitnall

Lad. K.S.

Mids. K.S.

Mich. K.S.

Chr. K .S.

Lad. K.S.

Mids . K.S.

Mich. K.S.

" "

.. B.K.J.

CHILDREN ON THE COTE D'AZUR Mid-day And the rocks are slippery with children Brown eels with waistbands of blue Sprawling on the salt-sperm fissures Like so many copper bronze arrows On a bakelite model brain Standing stretching tiptoe poised Silver darts against the marble feathered sky Gliding towards the ha rd blue Mistral cold white flecked sea Running jumping twisting falling Knees bent nose held hand snatching Screaming D OMI NIQUL'.

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THE CHOIR This term has convinced me of the grave necessity of a strong treble line in a choir, not only because they are the first violins of the choral orchestra, but because it is largely upon the younger members of the School Choir that the future of the School's music rests. This year our intake of Choir School trebles rated a mere two or three to last year's six. In spite of this, however, the top line of 39 boys has shown a keenness and loyalty of which we must be proud, and the Choir has maintained its customary programme of two anthems every Sunday with unfa ltering regularity. On the whole the anthems sung have been among the easiest of our repertoire; it would be hard to single out the most memorable, although we all seemed to have enjoyed our Mozart anthems. Turn back, 0 Man is typical of the sort of anthem that a large choir can sing best, on account of its powerful, sustained passages. The climax of the term comes with the Carol Service which, occurring after this article goes to print, we look forward to with confidence. With the aid of a generous allowance, we have now started to build up the choir library on a buy-as-yousing system. lt is hoped that, within a year or so, the collection will include most of the music the Choir has ever sung, and we now only lack space to house it. At the start of a new year, 90 singers cannot be expected to "click". It is only through the tireless efforts of our Choirmaster, Mr. Wright, who has also spent a considerable amount of his time training individuals, and the consistent co-operation of a ll concerned (I must mention A. T. Selman and J. P. Yarcoe especially) that this desired effect has been achieved over such a difficult period-from now on, I have every confidence that the Choir will "click" happily. C.H.B. ANTHEMS SUNG TH1S TERM Thou wilt keep him (Wesley) Glorious is thy name (Mozart) 0 come, ye servants (Tye) Jesu , Word of God Incarnate (Mozart) Praise to God (Campbell) I will lift up mine eyes (Walker) 0 praise the Lord (Goss) Save us, 0 Lord (Bairstow) God so loved the world (Stainer) Turn back, 0 Man (Holst) Lead me, Lord (Wesley) 0 thou the Central Orb (Wood) Give us the wings of faith (Bullock) How lovely is thy dwelling-place (Bra/mrs) 0 Jesu most kind (Bach) I heard a voice from heaven (Goss) CAROLS SUNG THIS TERM Thou must leave thy Jowly dwelling (Berlioz) On Christmas night (Vaughan Williams) Three Kings (Cornelius) Legend (Tchaikovsky) Dormi Jesu (Rubbra) Glory to God (Handel) Ding dong merrily on high Fanfare (Shaw) Past three o'clock

THE SOCIETIES THE HARVEY SOCIETY The Society has met five times this term and there has been a keen attendance, especially among the younger members and even the more frequent appearance of seniors has been noted, despite many other attractions. The first meeting was a series of spontaneous lectures by A . G. Robiette, R. W. Houghton, W. A. Hodges, G. S. Brock, D . S. Bree and M . J. A. Simpson. On November 7th, Dr. D avidge of the British Oxygen Co. gave us a lecture-demonstration. He brought a large quantity of apparatus and liquid oxygen. Biscuits burned with bright yellow flames, tomatoes were frozen and liquid mercury became a hammer: we marvelled. On Saturday, 16th November, Dr. Robiette gave an excellent lecture on the modern methods for extracting meta ls. Near the end of term there was a film show in which we saw what destruction to health and harvest the insect wields and several other technical fi lms; the show being brightened by artistic photography and two amusing cartoons. Finally, A. G. Robiette and A. Philpott gave the biennial chemistry demonstration which was again received with enthusiasm. An outing has been arranged for next term to Broadcasting House and the British Electric Transformer Co. Ltd. R.V.E.

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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCl ETY There was a large intake of new members this term to take the place of last year's leavcrs. Consequently, the Society a'S a whole is still comparatively young and inexperienced. Near the beginning of term the Canterbury Camera Club kindly invited us to one of their meetings to hear S. D. Soaker, F.R.r.s., lecture on some of the photographs he took in Pakistan. At another lecture, K. M.S. Johns enlightened us on the processing of colour material to try and stimulate interest in this branch of photography; the second half of the lecture was devoted to the various methods of printing and developing and was accompanied by a film strip. Later in the term a party of boys, accompanied by the President, Mr. J . A. Kent, visited the Kodak factory at Harrow for a very interesting afternoon. The Hon. Secretary would like to thank all those who helped to make last term's exhibition the success it was- not only those who provided the prints and set up the exhibition, but also those who helped the Society by buying a catalogue. B.D. F.

THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY On the evening of the third Sunday this term, Mr. P. Pollak gave a very amusing and instructive lecture on some of the fungi to be found in England. He illustrated the lecture with specimens of at least twentyfour species which had been found in the neighbouring cou ntryside. Among the colourful and impressive array were specimens of the Death Cap, Stiwkhorn, Beafsteak Fungus, orange peel-like fungi, dusky lilac blue mushrooms, verdegris coloured toadstools and many edible fungi. Mr. Po llak pointed out the culinary properties of each species and convinced us of the uselessness of any fixed tests for separating poisonous fungi from non-poisonous ones. We then had an aperitif of slices of raw beafsteak fungus with lemon, followed by various edible fungi scrambled with eggs and eaten on brown bread. Everyone thoroughly enjoyed a very enlightening evening, and the culinary demonstration was much appreciated. On the 1st December, eight members of the Society went to Stodmarsh, where P. L. Munns and P. S. Murch pointed out the various birds to the less experienced ornithologists among us, a nd by the end of the afternoon we had learnt a lot and could recognise most of the ducks. Among the birds seen were Shovellers, which were just arriving, Teal, Wigeon and over a hundred Mallard. The President spotted a pair of Canada Geese, which pleased the ornitho logists acquainted with Stodmarsh, Canada Geese not having been seen there for some time. At the time of writing this, our annual film show has still to come. We arc having some films of the Secrets of Life series from Gaumont British and one from Unilcvcr. Later in the term P. S. Murch may give us a lecture on his ferrets. M.J.A.S.

THE MARLOWE SOCIETY The Marlowe Society has had two interesting meetings. rn the first, W. A. Hodges gave a n account of Christian Science and drew parallels in its doctrines with an impressive number of other religions. There was a lively discussion in which J. P. R oche, Mr. J . B. Wilson and our newly-elected Vice-President, Mr. J. E. A. Havard, figured prominently. In the second meeting, H. A. S. Bancroft treated us to the origins and history of Jazz, plentifully illustrated. He refused to attempt to overcome prejudices; the functions of jazz and classical music were not to be confused, and it was the emotional content of jazz that mattered most. It was a well documented a nd interesting paper. We arc extremely grateful to Mr. Ball for his hospitality and to Miss Gibbs for timely refreshments.

THE PATER SOCIETY The first meeting of the Society was o n November 16th, to hear a paper by W. A. Hodges on "The Pronunciation of Greek". He read from sources varying from Mycenaean account books to mediaeval romances. The discussion revolved round his vain attempts to justify his pronunciation against the probing criticisms of Messrs. Mackintosh, Wilson and Pollak.

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â&#x20AC;˘ THE C ANTUAR I AN On November 23rd, we were pleased to hear a paper on the Agamemnon, from Philip Vellacott , Esq ., who spoke as a dramatist and translato r o f Aesrhylus. He gave us a n acco unt of the themes o f the play, Just, Vengeance nnd Victory a ft er Str uggle expla ined the characters, and s how:!d how a few reasonable textua l emendations can make important cha nges in some of the centra l passages. He did a lot to clear up in o ur minds the issues which mo re tha n two tho usand years of scholarship ha rdly seem to have sett led. On November 25th , the Society j o ined with the Somncr Society to hear a paper by F. J. D. Lambert on "The City Churches of Lo ndon". I lc gave us a full account o f their history and their pecu liarit ies, making comparisons with the churches o f o ther cities. Unfortunately a d iscussio n between A. S. Mack intosh, Esq ., and J . L. Goddard , Esq., on '' Ph ilosophy, Po litics and Economics" had to be ca ncelled, but we ho pe to hea r it next term. We o we our thanks to Mr. and Mrs. W ilson for receiving us in their room and providing what has been called the necessa ry food fo r thought. l t is largely because of their hospita lity that the days when five people attended a lecture have vanished into the dim past. W.A.H.

THE FAR MING SOCIETY

.I -Âˇ

The Winter Term is not usually considered the most suita ble of terms for out ings and farm visits. Consequently, since a large percentage o f the School was down with 'flu at the beginning of the term, the activities o f the Society have been rather restricted. l lowcvcr, some members managed to go to the East Kent Ploughing on the Ba rham Downs, which proved o f some interest, in spite o f the unfavourable weather. Later on in the term, two film s were shown by kind permission of the l.C. I. The first was on "The Vineyard and the Wines of France". This showed the various wines o f France and the districts from which they ca me. The methods of growing them, from the propagat ion to the harvesting were then shown, and fina lly the making o f the wines was described in detail. The second fi lm was called "Management for Milk" ; this film to ld the story of a yea r on a 95-acrc fa rm in Sussex. H ere we were shown how by hard work and good management , milk p roduction per acre had been raised and the cost o f production per gallon had been lowered. Unfortunately the sound broke down at the end of the first film, but Mr. Wil kinson came to the rescue, by very kindly p roviding a r un ning commentary. The term ended without any further activity. We hope to arrange a more varied and act ive programme for next term. W. J . D. TAYLOR, H on. Secretary.

THE MADRIGAL SOCIETY Tradition Jays down that the Society s pend the Autum n Term in irregular " tuning up" meetings for the training of its new members and the exploration of new fields of their art. D espite trad itio n, we have tried to meet regularly o nce a week, fi rstly to try o ur hand at the Ita lian scho ol of madrigalists, pa rt icularly those of Gesualdo (151 6- 1630), whose music reaches a pi tch o f passionate grief most of us have found hard to sympathise with, let alone impersonate. In culmination o f this term's rehearsals, we performed some fresh works at the second M usic Circle Concert, and now look forward to an Easter Term of intense activity. Tn p lace of the vast space lefl on the bass line by the depa rture o f Brown, Agnew and Dr. Dodd, we are pleased to welcome Mr. John Bacon, o ur new d irector of music and G . W. L1ne, the former an exper t on I talian madrigals and the Iau er a most valuable a nd contributive m usician who has for a long time taken great interest in the singing of the School. In place of Mark Deller, last year's Secretary, whose presence was the very spirit of the Society, the younger Lane and S. R. G. Carringto n gradua te to the alto line. And to join the Hammersley trio, who, in their o ld age, a re still valiantly leading the lop line, we welcome Stokes, C lark and Jones, who appear to have taken to mad rigal music most affably. Though the Society has numbered but 16 at rehearsa ls (several less than last term a nd mo re approximate to the origina l number), we have proved the ma noeuvrabili ty a nd s uccess o f a sma ller gro up to be no less. W e hope, however, to increase the numbers next term in prepara tion for our annual perfo rmance of Wood 's Passion according to St. Mark. C.H.B . 326

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THE SOMNER SOCIETY

....

Although there has been no opportunity to exc.wate this term, the Society has not been inactive. By the kind invitation of the Canterbury Archaeological Society, \\C have attended some most interesting and erud ite lectures. On Thursday, October 3rd, on ly three days after the beginning of term, Mr. S. S. Frere gave a most interesting lecture on Verulam ium. ln this he disproved all former theories about the dating of the various stages through which the town passed. His find ings threw a completely new light o n the subject. Other lectures which the Society has a ttended include: "The Roman Towns of Britain- Some P ro blems", by Mr. G raham Webster on Satu rday, November 9th, and "The Wilton Diptych", by Mr. John Harvey on Thursday, November 21st. It is always encou raging to have members of the Society giving lectures. This term we have heard four excellent papers. The fi rst on Wednesday, October 23rd was given by C. Vernon-Smith and entitled " Art a nd Religion". In a most schola rly and well-prepared paper he dealt with individual composers, pa inters and novelists and showed how all of them were inspired by a religious experience of so me kind, whether it was the love of God, as in Dante, or the love of' na ture as in Debussy or Van Gogh . On Friday, Novem ber 15th, Mr. E. Samue l read a paper entitled "Some Aspects o f East Anglia" . He gave a most interest ing architectural journey through Norfolk and Sun·olk. He illustrated it with a series of excellent photographs. On Monday, November 25th, in conjunction with the Pater Society, the Society heard a paper by F. J .D. Lamber t on London City Churches. In a paper which showed much knowledge and research, he traced the deplorable h istory of demolition which has affected the Churches since the beginning of the 19th century. F inally, on Monday, December 2nd, J . R. C. Wright gave a most erudite paper o n Stonehenge. Tn the small time allowed, he was a ble to touch on all the many aspects of this famous monument, and he showed some of the many hazards which had to be faced by the bu ilders. The Society is very grateful to the speakers for giving such excellent entertainment. On Thursday, November 28th, several members of the Society accompanied the President on an excursion to Dover Castle. Although it was late in the year, everyone enjoyed the visit. We are most grateful to Mr. Voigt fo r arranging the outing. M.J.P.

THE BELLRINGERS' SOCIETY D uring most of this ter m the Society has been find ing its feel after a chaotic firslterm . R. A. C. Meredith, Esq., accepted the post of President from A. C. Berridge, Esq., who has retired. Also, W. J. Chcsshyre was elected l-Ion. Treasurer. N. J. D avies, apar t from his s tay in the San. proved as efficient an Hon. Secretary as could be hoped for. Six members rang for the Harvest Festival Service at St. A lphege on October 6th. For the next two or three weeks the Society was almost at a sta ndstill owing to the •nu epidemic! Sunday ringing commenced on November 3rd and has continued since. On Saturday, November 23rd , the usual practice was cancelled because of a peal attempt by five local ringers and the captain. T he attempt fa iled. T he fo llowing Saturday (the 30th), ten members went to London to visit the Whitechapel bell fou ndry where we saw the casting of bells and their accessories. On the return journey we stopped at Ashford, where the local ringing captain met us and we had half-an-hour's ring there before the fina l s tage home to a late supper. Through the effor ts o f a ll those who can ring the standard of ringing has been very good and there are only one or two members o ut of fi fteen who have not com plete control of the bell . N.J. M.

THE WALPOLE SOCIETY After a considerable lapse since the departure of the Hon. S. W. E. Stuart, the Society was re-started, mainly owing to the en·orts of Mr. Meredith, who has now become P resident. There a rc 18 members, the number found most satisfactory on previous occasions. There have been three meetings to date, when the Doctor's Dilemma by Shaw and Barrie's The Tll'elve Pound Look were very successfully read. D. C. Ha lton has been invited to give a lectu re on the "Waste Land" later in the term. We hope to expand the programme next term to having several short talks by members and perhaps an outing. Considering setbacks, a good measure of success has been achieved. J .L.W. 327

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THE GLEE CLUB The Glee Club has con tinued to meet once a week throughout this term, a nd severa l new members have brought the number back to a satisfact ory twenty. The term has been short and busy, and we have not ventured fa r o utside the music to be prepared for the Music Circle Concert. Our programme nevertheless demonstrates the catholicity of o ur tastes, for it ranges fro m true glees, through negro spiritua ls, to modern nursery-rhyme parod ies. As ever, a ll ho nour is due to o ur conductor, Mr. Wright, a nd to ou r accompanist, Mr. Scott. G.W.L.

THE CHORAL SOCIETY " Unmuzzled" from responsibilities of a professional a nd demanding nature, the singing fraternit y of the School must have looked forward to a te rm of enjoyment and relaxation .. .. if we have experienced the first, it is only by our resolute re fu sa l to give way to the second, for Mr. Wright produced The Pied Piper of Hamelin, a chopped version o f Browning's famous lyric, set to music by Hubert Parry. This is an inspiring piece of music of considerable diffrculty, and mo re particula rly one which ca nno t be genuine ly appreciated unless it is sung with absolute precisio n and unity. Thus it has been cheering to see so many keen singers(and I must especially commend members o f the staff for their valuable support)- prepared to get through the ground-work necessa ry for an enjoyable interpreta tion of the work. For the most part, meetings have been held in the new Palace building which, by reason of its acoustics a nd temperature, is less tiring for our conductor, Mr. Wright, and a greater encouragement to s ingingto keep warm! Âˇ At present the Society's future programme is uncertain ; the School has not yet done Borodin's Prince Igor, which I am certain the Choral Society could sing admirably. On the other hand, if we could have a firm guarantee that membership would double its proportions at the start of next term, there are many of us who are keen to do another Gilbert and Sullivan.

C. H.B.

C.C.F. NOTES ROYAL NAVAL SECTION The end o f Nat ional Service has changed the immediate o bjective but not the main purpose of our training. For the Naval Section this remains a knowledge of the Royal Navy, of ships and the sea and seamanship, a nd through these the development of initiative, leadership a nd a sense of discipline and responsibility. We shall lay more emphasis on Initiative T ests in the future, and boys wi ll be ca lled upon to carry out such drills as the follow ing:!. Build a raft out o f o il drums, timber and rope to carry eight men. 2. Rig sheerlegs capable of lifting I ton. 3. Rig a bosun's c ha ir and hoist a rating fo r painting a loft. 4. The School is being evacua ted ; set booby tra ps in the Seamanship Roo m. This term the training for the Proficiency Exams. was considera bly enlivened by an excellent day a t sea in two Coastal Minesweepers, H.M.S. Appleton and H. M.S. Coniston. These modern ships, with aluminium hulls, are notoriously unstable in a rough sea, and a gale which reached Force 8 at times was too severe a test for many ! It was the first time we had had two ships for our use, and the first time that we had been on passage (from Dover to C hatham) on a Field Day. We are most grateful to the Royal Navy for their co-operation, wh ich may well have brought about our record numbers-over 70- next term. We say good-bye with regret to our Cadet Pelly Officer-in-charge, J. C. Gunner. He is succeeded by R.N.V.R. , who is joining us as First Lieutenant. D.W.B.

T. N. Harke. Next term we welcome Sub- Lieutenant J. E. A . Havard,

328

TH E CANTUARI AN

THE ARMY This term has been a difficu lt one from a lmost every point of view: the term started late, and parades one week later still, and the weather has not been too kind. The Certificate "A" examinations took place on a particularly cold day, and the cadets showed much cheerfu l fort itude in the circumstances. There are no major developments to report, though on a higher level much hard thinking is going into fin ding the most beneficial and interest ing way of usi ng Cadet T raining in the three services, and the results o f this will reach us in time. Tho ugh training on "Outward Bound" lines is only practicable for small numbers, it is ho ped that something of that nature may fin d its way into our syllabus o f tra ining. Lieu t. P . H. W. Garwood, who is an officer on the active list of the Ox. and Bucks. L.l. (T .A.), has joined us to help with training, and his expert infa ntry k nowledge will be most valuable. Mr. J . E. Havard is a lso joining us, to help with the R .N. Sect ion; as he has a reserve commission in the R .A.F ., this is real combined tra ining. The F ield D ay was run by the R oyal Marines, D eal, and was again a valuable training day, covering tactics, a display of new weapons and some shooting. The Navy were very kind to me, a mere soldier, when, as C. O .. I accompanied the R.N. Section to sea for a very interesting, though very blowy, day in two minesweepers specially bro ught to D over for them. Certificate "A" Part II is now given three terms, not two, so only a small number took the examination this term. T he following passed :- A. J . K. Austi n, N. J . H . Bennett, D. L. K. Browne, D. H. B. C hesshyre, S. Cresswell, P . H. Holmes-Johnson, C. F. Jcvons, M. E. J ones, F. A. Rockley, R. F. L. Wood; six failed. Of the 66 cand idates for Pa rt T, 56 passed. Promotions.- The fo llowing promotions were made on 20th September, I 957, to the ranks stated :-Company Sergeants Major J. A. G. Stewart, D. J. Evans, B. A. Isbill , D . D. Valpy; Sergeants A. D . W. O'Sullivan, M. J. Price, A. J. Redpath, P. J . B. Grai n ~cr ; Lance-Sergean ts D. J . East, S. C. Wilkinson, K . M. S. Johns, R. M. Harvey, R. F . Lunn, N. M. D evoll, R. H. Williams, G . B. Jackson, H. K. Bray, C. W. Yates, A. A. Elworthy, C. J. M. Jewison, M. R. Jenner, C. C. F. Matt hew; Corporals P. Chaffin, R. A. H. Clarke, J. A. C. McElwee, J. K. McD onald, S. F. Docksey, D . C. Halto n, D . Masters, T. C. K inross ; Lance-Corporals C. R. Brown, T . J . Stevenson, A. J. Beet, P. R. Wilso n, H . L. Foster, H . C. S. Hall, R. C. T ooth, D . L. Tho mas. K.A.C.G.

ROYAL AIR FORCE SECTION The outdoor activities of the sectio n were cu rtailed a t first by unserviceability o f ou r glider and later by bad weather, but we were lucky to have a good F ield Day at Manston, where most of the Section got a trip in an Anson. With so much indoor work it is hoped that the examination results will be good. A. T. Selman is to be congratulated on being awarded a F lying Scho larship ; he will do his training d uring the holidays at Cambridge Flying School and we wish him the best o f luck. We are losing Sgt. Spicer, who has led the section efficiently during this term . P.O.W.

RUGGER RETROSPECT, 1957 For the Jst XV, this season has been exceptio nally good, judged no t only from the successes achieved in matches, but measured too by the high standard of team and individual play. The late start to the term, and the influenza epidemic, deprived the team of opportunities to overcome the d ifficulties usually associated with the beginning of any season. There was therefore no disgrace, and only little disappointment, in the two narrow defeats s uffered at the hands of the Canterbury Club a nd Blackheath, as these had to be regarded as practice or trial games, and our teams were depleted as well as unfit. Such good form was shown by the forwards in these games that the heavy programme of four school ma tches in the space o f ten days was faced with confidence. Because o f the strange line-up o f o utsides for the K.C.S. ma tch, special tactics were called for and these were justified by the result. Against D over and St. Paul's the forwards played quite superbly and afforded the backs opportunities galore. If a t this

329

THE CANTUARIAN stage of the season the back play had been as good as it became from mid-November onwards, they would surely have built up some really big scores. As it was, these games, as well as that against St. Lawrence were won quite comfortably, and the several players who were called upon to take the places of influen~ victims, or of those who were injured, fully justified the confidence placed in them. The match v Rosslyn Park came at a time when the XV was possibly in need of a rest, and some of the October zest was missing. H owever, they came back strongly against R ichmond to win a high class ga me under poor weather conditions. The journeys to East bourne and Felsted had thei r usual effect on the XV and in neither of these games could it be sa id that the forwards reached their good form of earlier matches. It was in these games that the marked improvement of the back play really came to light, and J. Kearin estabHshed hi mself as an exceptionally good centre. His outside breaks and va riation of pace served the side wonderfully well . Maybe the XV reached about the best form which can fairly be expected from any school side in the game aga inst the Harlequins, and those spectators who were brave enough to face the weather were well rewarded.

It speaks well for the well-being of Rugby in the School when it is realised that up to December 7th, twen tyfive boys had played in the 1st XV and that all had stood up to it well . Indeed, even now it would not be easy to say what combination of players could rightly be described as being the School XV at fu ll strength. Even a good side wi ll not always do well unless it is well Jed and its spirit kept alive, and great credit is due to both J. A. Turner and 13. D. Foord for the manner in which they tackled and carried out their responsibilities. As Captain of the XV, Turner displayed true qualities of leadership, and Foord's serumleading was as enthusiastic and as well-directed as one knew it would be. Although he played at left-wing three-quarter, T urner was liable to appear anywhere on the.field where reinforcement or covering was needed. His good Rugger sense and experience were of tremendous value to the XV, and although he is not as fast as one would wish him to be, he is a strong and intelligent player. On the other wing, J. A. G. Stewart bustled and tried hard, and in both the Ec1stbourne and Felsted games it was the initiative he showed in running from the blind to the open side, and then starting movements, which led to the scoring of vital tries on the opposite wing. The remaining backs were seldom the same for any two consecutive matches and several pages would be needed if the full story had to be told . C. W. Yates started at full-back and was very good in that position. He was eventually moved into the attack as fly-half, via a spell as centre, and was eventually allowed to settle down. He is a good footba ller and his p lace-kicking became a great asset. Others who played at stand-ofl" ha lf and/or centre during the season were J . N. Broadley, J. R. Frew, R. E. F. Minns, H. R. Templeton and D. J. Williams, and although all did fai rly well, it was Minns who eventually established himself as the other centre with Kearin. G . C. Pritchard gave some very prom ising displays at full-back and when D. G. Jones fi lled the breach aga inst the Harlequins he proved that he too had the right qua lities. There was a real tussle for the place of serum-ha lf between P. W. Rollason and D. S. C. Ashenden, who are probably just as good as each other though in contrasting styles. Ashenden's quick service and splendid defensive attributes stam p him as a 1st XV p layer, and it was only because of the soundness of the defence in general that Rollason's attacking poten tial was usually preferred. Also some of Rollason's touch-kicking was exceptionally good. Finally then to the foundation on which any good XV must be built- the forwards. Weight, strength, fighting spirit, experience, and speed were all combined to make up a splendid pack and no ana lysis of individua ls is really necessary. However, to be fair, reference must be made to B. A. Isbill's hooking and tenacity in the loose; to the good packing and all-round qualities of Foord and C. G. Rudgard as props; to the genuine hard work of J. C. Gunner, R. H. C. Croxford, J. R . Frcw and J. E. Darren; to the brilliance in the line-out of G. D. K. Marchmont ; and to the all-round qualities ofT. N. I Iarke and M. R. Jenner. Of course, not all played well for all of the time, but by and large these players were the engineers of what must have been one of the most successful seasons that the School has ever known. To point to any individua l's shortcomings in print after such a season would be ungracious and unnecessary, especially when one remembers the great modesty which has accompanied their s uccess.

C. F.

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1ST XV MATCHES THE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

_ ,.....

CANTERBURY R.F.C.

Played at St. Stephen's on 5th October King's, 8; Canterbury, 13 The School forwards played badly in this game. Despite Isbill's excellent hooking, the ball was often lost because of poor binding and packing; and their loose play left much to be desired. King's attacked from the start, and were soon awarded a penalty, which was well taken by Yates. Play remained fairly even up to half time, though the School was getting less and less of the ball. After the re-start, a long kick ahead by a Canterbury player found touch a yard from the School line. Unfortunately, Yates had got a hand to the ball, and their qu ick throw-in resulted in a try, which was converted. Soon afterwards, Canterbury started a blind-side movement, which was halted on the School line, but from the ensuing loose serum, one of their fo rwa rds d ived over, to make the score 8- 3. David Parker, who was a continual danger to the School, was soon given an opening by his ny-half, and he scored a fine try, wh ich was converted. Only then did the School team show some life. A good try was scored by Rollason from a set-serum on the Canterbury line, and Yates converted. Then a long kick ahead by Minns seemed to be touched down by Stewart, but the referee rightly ordered a " 25" since he was unsighted. The game ended shortly afterwards with no further score. A lack of train ing, because term had started only five clays earlier, was apparent in the team as a whole, especially in the forward's slowness to get back, but they showed their true potential in the last few minutes.

v BLACKHEATH "A" XV Played at St. Stephen's on 12th October King's, 8; Black heath, 9 The weather was again excellent, and a very fast game was played, which the School was unlucky to lose. Black heath had a very strong side, which included several players of renown. Blackheath attacked at the start, and were soon awarded a penalty which put them 3-0 up. Isbill was getting an equal percentage of the ball in the tight, and Marchmont's line-out play was very good. However, the service from the base of the seru m was rather slow, and consequently the School backs were slow in getting away. A mis-directed throw-in nea rly resulted in a try for .Blackheath ten minutes after their penalty goal; then a sliced kick forward dropped into their winger's hands, and he had no difficulty in touching down. King's, 0- 6 down, came back st rongly after half time. Minns made a good break, and passed to Kearin 1 who scored. The kick failed. A good forward rush took play to the Blackheath line, where Poord divea over. Kearin kicked a good goa l. The School was leading 8- 6. Blackheath attacked hard, but the School defence held firm. Then Blackheath were awarded a penalty because the ball was put crookedly into a set serum ; the kick succeeded and they were leading 9- 8, a lead which they managed to hold, in spite o f several good movements by the School. This was a much improved performance; the team was fit, and showed great fire, especially the forwa rds, among whom Isbill, Marchmont and Foord were outstanding. THE KING's SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

v K.C.S., W tMBLEOON Played at St. Stephen's on 19th October King's 6; K.C.S., 3 Because of Asian 'flu casualties, we fielded an almost totally new and untried back-division. Yates, Templeton and Turner were unable to play at all, and Kearin was moved to the wing, because his knee was still unfit after an injury incurred against Blackheath. Stcwan played in the centre, where he was partnered by Frew, who was moved from No. 8. Radcline and Pritchard, both Colts, played left wing and full-back respectively. The School decided to keep the game c losed. and only to open it out when in the Wimbledon "25". The forwards played magnificently; the pattern of the game was set in the fi rst minute, when, following up the kick-off, they charged right through to the Wimbledon line, and only just failed to score. Isbill and THE KING'S SCIIOOL, CANTERBURY

331

THE CANTUARIAN Marchmont dominated set-serums and line-outs; the few times the Wimbledon backs d id get the ball, they were hammered down by the covering forwards as well as by their opposite numbers. Pritchard kicked a good penalty soon after the start; however, Wimbledon levelled the score with another penalty. The School pack played a ll the harder; and Minns soon made a good break, but was stopped a few yards from the line. From the ensuing loose serum, the Wimbledon clearance was sliced into the hands of Stewart, who broke away on the b lind side, and sent Kearin over in the corner. What might have been a dull game, was greatly enlivened by the zest and courage of the School forwards, and by some excellent touch-kicking by Minns, Rollason a nd Pritchard. Pritchard indeed was the fi nd of the match, and it was his excellent display of calm and efficient fielding and kicking o f the ball that earned him a regular place in the 1st XV. T~JE KI NO'S SCIIOOL, CANTERB URY

D OVER COLLEGE

Played at St. Stephen's o n 23rd October King's, 20; Dover, 0 With Pritchard playing at full-back, Yates was moved to centre three-quarter. Minn's place was taken by Broadley, since the former had caught 'Ou. The first half provided plenty of bright Rugby. The School forwards dominated the line-outs and setserums. Yates scored after ten minutes, when he pounced on a loose ball, and k icked ahead over the D over line. Pritchard converted. There were several good three-quarter movements in which Kearin figured prominently. He often cut through the centre, making good openings for his wing, though he was liable to hold on too long. From one of these breaks, Turner scored. in the corner. Soon after, Turner dropped a goal, and Kearin scored a good try which was unconverted. In the second half, play became very scrappy, especia lly that of the School three-quarter line. D over made several good attacks, but were kept from scoring by a good defence. Eventually, Yates kicked a long penalty goal, and then Rudgard pushed his way through a loose maul for a good opportunist try; the conversion failed again. Jt was a disappointing game, to which a final blow was added by the injury to H arke a few minutes before the end . Fea tures of the game were Pritchard's good kick ing and Kearin's penetration in the centre.

T HE KI NG's SCIIOOL, CANTERBURY

ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL

Played a t St. Stephen's on 26th October King's, 14; St. Paul's, 3 This match was reported in J'l1e Times as follows :- " The vanished days of youth are never more keenly regretted by the elderly than when, from a touch-line, they sec a spirited footba ll match between teams of healthy, ardent schoolboys, obviously enjoying every moment of p lay reaching heights that almost justify the usc of superlatives. Such was that at Canterbury on Saturday, when the King's School beat St. Paul's by a goa l, two penalty goa ls, and a try to a try. " .Bald facts can convey nothing of the tenacity of purpose in the loose, the grimly determined, uncompromising tackling, or of the pace at which the battle raged . " King's had just a slight edge everywhere except in the line-out, where J ardine-.Brown did prodigies for St. Paul's, so that play was mostly in St. Paul's half. When they did break out, they mel a rare stumbling block in the person of Pritchard, a 15-ycar-old with the poise and confidence of a veteran. "Well served th ree-quarters han dled surely and slickly, so that there was no lack of open play. St. Paul's, with fewer opportuni ties, showed a little more penetration, perhaps because they ra n straighter, but it was King's, with a perfect scissors move, who reached the peak in combined operations, and thoroughly earned the resulting five points. "The packs finished with honours even, for !hough King's generally outshoved St. Paul's they did not always have the ball, Bestall, one of several s ubstitutes, hooking magnificently against the experienced Isbill. Answorth, for St. Paul's, and Marchmonl were always in the thick of it in the loose. "Ya tes kicked a penalty goal to give King's a lead, when an over-eager forward got offside, but a passing move enabled Madge to equal with a try. Before the interval, Marchmont bulldozed his way over to restore King's three points adva ntage. As fi ne a try as one could wish to see came when Turner cut inside his centre to ro und onÂˇ a bout o f fast passing by j inking through the line, and Yates converted the try. Towards the end, Pritchard set the seal to an admira ble display by kicking the second penalty goa l." 332

THE CANTUARIAN v ST. LAWRENCE, RAMSOATE Played at Ramsgate o n 29th October K ing's, 22; St. Lawrence, 0 A strong cross-wind, a greasy ba ll and severa l doubtful decisions spoilt this game for both sides. The School started well, when Yates kicked an excellent penalty, but then the side went to pieces. There was little fi re in the forwards, and the backs could not get going. Consequently, the first half provided the dullest rugby football seen this season. T he second half seemed to bring a little more crispness to the movements of the School backs, and the forwards were playing together. Rollason soon dummied his way thro ugh the Ramsgate defence to score near the posts, and Pritchard converted. Yates kicked his second penalty goal, which was followed by a push-over try. He missed this conversion but made amends with his thi rd penalty goa l of the match. The scoring finished when Pritchard gathered a kick ahead by a R amsgate player, made his way up the left wing and then kicked across. Stewart gathered the ball and picked his way to the line fo r a fin e try, which Pritchard converted. TI-!E KINO'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

"A" Played at St. Stephen's on 2nd November King's, 0; Rosslyn Park, 13 This was the School's fifth match in a fortnight, and there was a consequent lack of enthusiasm in the play. The forwards and backs alike were sta le, and although the School managed to get a fa ir percentage of the ball, there was no finish to the movements. Soon after the beginning, the Park left wing kicked thro ugh a dropped pass, and touched down under the posts, so that an easy conversion was made. The School were let hargic in backing up and covering, and this resulted in the Park's second try at the beginning of the second half, when one of their forwards was a llowed to bulldoze his way through a loose serum. Some minutes later their fly-half picked up a dropped pass near our line, and went through to score a good try, which was converted. Til E K INO'S SCIIOOL, CANTI!RUURY V R OSSLYN PARK

The Park did not have the game all their own way, and several good runs were made by Kearin and Stewart; a nd Minns, who had returned to the side as fly-ha lf, a lso ran well; Marchmont'sjumping in the line-out was good, as was Isbill's hooking.

v RICHMOND R .F.C. Played at St. Stephen's on 9 th November King's, 14; R ichmond, 5 T he School gave a good display of fast, open ruggcr in spite of the wet and heavy conditions. A week's rest had brought new ent husiasm and speed to the side. Hard tackling, good covering and courageous falling broke up Richmond attacks and paved the way to victory. THE KINO'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

Richmond scored first after ten minutes, when their serum-half threw himself over the line from a set serum on our line. The School attacked viciously, relying on high kicks ahead and hard following up. Many times they were unlucky not to score. Yates, playing at fly-half, since Minns was injured, soon broke through to score far out, and converted his try with an excellent kick into the wind. Ashenden, brought in at the last minute because of an injury to Rollason, played well, falling with great gusto and getting the ball out quickly to his threes. Ntcr the interval, the School pressed very hard, and soon Yates kicked a good penalty goal to make the score 8- 5. The ball was now drier, and King's threes threw it about, always look ing dangero us when in possession. A quick heel from a loose serum on the Richmond line was passed quickly down the line to Stewart, who had a clear run in. The kick failed. Soon after, Kcarin cut through in the cent re and scored well in the corner; the kick fa iled again. The forwards played their best so far, not only gett ing more than their share of the ball against a bigger and heavier pack, but also proving tireless in backing up every attack. 333

THE CANTUARI AN

v EASTDOURNE COLLEGE Played a t Eastbournc on 16th November King's, 9; Eastbourne, 3 This fixture was ble~ed with fine weather, but the performance of the School was not as good as on the previous Saturday. Kcarin broke through in the centre in the first few minutes, but his pass was forward and the try was natura lly not a llowed. However, Yates made amends with a good penalty goal. East bourne stormed the Schoo l line with great vigour, and were only kept out by desperate tackling. Kcarin was outstand ing in defence, wh ich was fortunate, since one of their big centres was continually breaking through. rn the second ha lf, the School pack went to pieces, a nd consequently we received lr.ss and less of the ball. Nevertheless, when in possession, the three-quarters- especially Kearin- wcrc very dangerous. Eventually, Kearin beat his man, and raced past the covering full-back to score an excellent try, which gave us a 6- 0 lead. Eastbourne were by no means beaten, and they proceeded to pin the School in its "25". They were soon rewarded when one of their forwards managed to get over from a li ne-out. The School seemed stirred to action, and the serum began to play well, securing more of the ba ll. We were unlucky no t to score on severa l occasions, befo re Yates kicked a good penalty go::tl, just before no-side. TilE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

v FELSTED SCIIOOL Played at Felsted on 23rd November King's, 9; Fclsted, 6 For the first time this season we played the full 1st XV. Minns strengthened the defence in the centre, and Harke took over the wing-fo rward position, leaving Croxford in the second row. The match was reported in the Daily Telegraph as follows:" Two good sides gave a bright display at Felsted on Saturday. Bo th Felsted and King's, Canterbury have done well this term, and they plnyed with the confidence bo rn of success. " .... Though the margin of K ing's victory was na rrow, its manner was clear-cut. A score of three tries against two penalty goals a llows little scope for argument and King's were worthy winners. "Nevertheless the result was in doubt until the fin al kick and there were anxious moments for both sides in the tense last 10 minutes. "From the kick-off, King's stormed the Felstcd li ne and within a minute Harke had scored fro m a serum in the corner after Rollason had been a lmost over. Felstcd came back with g reat spirit and the scores would have been level two minu tes la ter if a penalty kick taken in front of the posts had not narrowly missed. "Both packs were quick on to the loose ball a nd Felsted, tho ugh outweighted, held their own, as they have been doing against heavier packs all the season. After Culling had kicked a penalty goal for Felsted, King's applied the pressure with well-judged kick ing a nd determined running in wh ich Turner and Kearin were conspicuous. "Felsted were pinned inside their "25" with a series of line-outs, a nd fina lly Harke, who played a splendid game in an unaccustomed position at wing-forward, charged down a kick and scored again. However, on the stroke of half-time an offence by the King's hooker gave Culling another opportunity to kick a good penalty goal. "Felsted started the second half in fine fettle a nd 10 minutes passed before King's were able to raise the siege. King's were ever ready to counter-attack and a kick ahead followed by two long and well-di rected passes left Turner with a chance-which he took in great style, to outflank the defence for a third try by the corner-flag. "Though this was an end of the scoring, there was much excitement to come, with both three-quarter lines lying back in attack ing format io ns. The long, stro ng passes of an admirable serum-half, C ulling, gave the Felsted backs a flying start, but they could not find a way through the King's defence a nd they had no three-qua rter to match the thrust of Kearin or the aU-round ability of Turner, who was never content to stay idly on his own wing." TilE KING'S S CHOOL, CANTERBURY

334

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l THE CANTUARlAN

v HARLEQUINS "A" XV Played at St. Stephen's on 7th D ecember King's, 14; Harlequins, 3 The School fo rwards had a fa ir share in all aspects of the game, except for the set-serums, where the Ha rlequins' hooker had the edge on Tsbill. Ya tes opened the scoring for King's with a penalty goa l. Ashenden, tempora rily replacing Rollason, was giving a fine service from the serum, and the School were always on the attack. Kearin made a splendid break, beating four men. H e was well-supported by Marchmon t and Jenner, and the latter was unlucky not to score. An ofience by the Harlequins' hooker, in front of the posts, gave Yates a second chance, and he kicked a good goal. The Harlequins then stormed the School line, and from a harassed clearing kick, their full-back dropped a fine goal. In the second half, the School kept up the pressure. Both sides threw the wet ball about, and the fast a nd elusive Harlequin three-quarters were always dangerous. King's were often gaining 40 yards at a time by splendid dribbling and short kicks ahead. In the gathering gloom, Turner dribbled the ball from inside the School ha lf to the Harlequins' line, and from a loose serum Yates scored a good try in the corner. T he Schoo l launched another attack, and a minute from no-side, March mont scored from another loose serum on the Harlequins' line; Yates converted. The XV appeared refreshed after a fortnight's rest, and they soon adapted themselves to the heavy conditions and the greasy ball. The covering, following up and tackli ng was excellent, and the fo rwards must be commended for a n excellent display against a heavier and larger pack. THE KINO'S SCHOOL, CANTERDURY

[

THE KING'S S CHOOL, C ANTERDUIW V THE O.K.S.

.. f

[

Played on Blore's on 14th December King's, 14; O.K.S., 5 The O.K.S. team was well organised this year, and this resulted in a far more enjoyable game for both players a nd specta tors. Nevertheless, the School lacked flrc, and for the flrst half the O.K.S. played fa r bcller rugby football. A heavy pack and a concerted shove, which the School lacked, gave the O. K.S. the best of the set a nd loose serums. However, King's scored first after 20 minutes, when Yates kicked a good penally. Just beforehand, Turner had had to go ofT with an injured ankle; Frew took his place on the wing, and the School with 14 men began to play well. In the second half, Turner came back o n; soon a fast bout or passing gave the School a man over, and Turner scored in the right-hand corner. K earin, Yates and Minns were running well with the ball, and all three made excellent breaks. Kearin soon broke through in the centre, and sent Turner over for a try in the corner. Then the School eased their pressure. The O.K.S. attacked, and brought play to the School li ne. A quick heel gave the O.K.S. an advantage. M. E. W. Vincent evaded several ha lf-hearted tackles, and made a n opening and sent Cassidy over ncar the corner. C. N. Laine converted with a magnificent kick. The School realised the danger, and they attacked strongly. Just before no-side, Marchmont broke away from a loose-serum and scored after a good run. Yates converted well.

v AMPLIJFORTII COLLEGE Played at St. Stephen's on 20th December King's, 8; Ampleforth, 3 The XV brought their season to a fitting conclusion by winning what was perhaps the most important match of all. This North v South tussle was fought on a gloomy day with a steady cross wind and occasional drizzle, and these conditions tended to make the game less attractive to watch than one might have hoped For the flrst ten minutes, play was kept in the Ampleforth half, with neither side looking part icularly dangerous. It was soon clear that Ampleforth were superior in the loose scrummages, though their backs were too orthodox to penetrate an extremely solid defence. The King's serum half was being continually harassed by an effective back row, but on the occasions that he managed to elude them, Kcarin in the centre showed a deceptive change of pace and plenty of initiative. After fifteen minutes, he broke th rough, and after a fine run, kicked ahead over the fu ll-back but was unfortunately obstructed. From the resulting penalty, Yates kicked a beautiful goal. This was follo wed by a very hard-pressed Ampleforth attack, but the score remained 3- 0 until half-time. TilE KI NG'S SCHOOL, CANTERDURY

335

'fHE

CANTUAR1AN

King's wilted before renewed pressure for some time; but sprang to life when Rollason made a classic break on the blind side to send Turner over in the corner; Yates converted with another magn ificen t kick. From the restart, play returned immediately to the Ampleforth "25"; but a haphazard pass between the King's centres was intercepted by the Amplcforth left wing, Villiers, who handed ofT the full-back and ran an amazing 75 yards to score. The kick fell short, and the match ended with the Amplcforth forwards pressing extremely hard inside the King's "25". It is interesting to consider that without Yates' kicking the score would have been 3-3, perhaps a fairer result.

THE

2ND

ln the nine fixtures played this term, 35 boys represented the 2nd XV. Despite the lack of continuity which obviously told on tho quality o f rugby, all who did play performed with enthusiasm . .But it stands to reason that the constant changes broke up the sense of unity and often the team took the field with last minute changes and subst itutions. Still, the record reads creditably. In winning the first six fixtures perhaps the side was fortu nate that their opponents also suffered disruption. But a better quality of play was produced when St. Lawrence, Ramsgate were beaten 13- 3. The pack began to scrummage well a nd particularly the front row of Chaffin, the hooker and his props Nash and Rawlinson provided a surer foundation. The second row sorely missed Wright. Earlier, Gunner and Croxford did well, especially to give lively displays against Sutton Valence, but both were lost to the 1st XV. Wo rtley played in a ll positions in the 2nd back row, and with Clegg a very lively newcomer, did well to make good these losses. J. C. G. Smith Jed the side until the last two games and set a good example of tireless covering. The half-backs, Ashenden and Broadley, struck up a good partnership, but often weather conditions hampered crisp handling. There were constant changes in the centre and wings but Russell deserves mention for good football. D. G . Jones also played intelligently, particularly against St. Lawrence. H olmes-Johnson tackled and kicked well at full-back and Hussey tackled soundly in the centre and had a good boot for add ing extra points. The last three matches were lost. It is usual to make excuses, but these were lost because of ineO"cctive tackling and scrummaging. At least in arctic conditions at D over in the sea of mud the side played with great determination to lose by the odd 3 points and thus atone to some extent the previous loss. Canterbury "A". Won 9-6 St. Lawrence College. Won 13-3 K.C.S., Wimbledon. Won 21- 3 Eastbourne College. Won 9-3 Sutton Valence. Won 13- 3 R .M.S., Dover. Lost 3-23 Dover College. Won 23-8 H. M.S. Worcester. Lost 0-6 R .M.S., Dover. Lost 0-3 Those who played more than once wcre:- J. C. G. Smith (7) (Captain), D. S. C. Ashendcn (7), J. R. A. Bird (3), J. E. Barren (2), J. N. Broadley (5), P. Chaffin (8), J. G. E. Clegg (3), R. H. C. Croxford (2), J. C. Gunner (3), P. H. Holmes-Johnson (8), J. F. E. B. Hussey (7), D. G. Jones (5), M. E . Jones (3), B. A. Jenning (4), M. R. Kent (2), R. M. Nash (8), R. E . B Mitton (2), M. P. F. Plutte (4), H. J. Rawlinson (5), J. L. D. Radcliffe (2), A. C. Russell (7), H. R. Templeton (4), D. J. Williams (4), C. M. J. Wortley (9), R. F. L. Wood (8). J.A.K.

THE 3RD XV ln this most d isjointed of terms, it has not even been possible to play the same team twice and this has obviously had a very unsettling effect. D . G. O'Clce was a very sound captain in the four matches and there was always a keen and happy spirit. The three-quarter line was ever willing and o n occasions looked reaUy dangerous while Valpy at full-back was a model of steadiness. The scrummagc play was of a high standard in set serums and line-outs though there was often an unnerving raggedness in loose play, which gave Jones, at serum-half, some unhappy moments. Notable among the forwards were Clegg, whose line-out jumping was really excellent, and R awlinson, before his promotion to the 2nd XV. The wing-forwards, Kent and Pawsey, were always on the alert for the loose ball and Browne's covering in defence was very good. 336

â&#x20AC;˘

THE CANTUARIAN It is a pity that we had so few matches, but our n1gger has been enjoyable, and that surely is the main object of the exercise. The team:- D. D. Valpy, J. B.S. Fielding, V. G. lbbetson, D . J. S. Pugh, P. G. Kemp D. G. O'Ciee, M. E. Jones, D. H. K ing, N. R. Granville-Smith, S. E. Cockersell, J . G. E. Clegg, H. L. Foster, M. R. Kent, D. L. K. Browne, R. H. Pawsey. Also played:- R. C. Stanway, R. E. B. Millon, W. E. J. Minns, R. Rowe. R I1SULTS

v Kent College (Away). Won 17- 14 v St. Lawrence (Away). Won 8- 0 v Kent College (Home). Lost 3- 11 v R.M .S., Dover (Home). Lost 0- 3

)

P.G.W.

r L

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THE COLTS' XV In a term when both health and the weather was worse than usual the Colts' XV took a long time to sellle down together. Only in the latter half of the term was it, indeed, possible to find fifteen players all fit at the same time, and the responsibility for keeping the record as successful as it was rested, very often, with the second string. In fact, the second team, as it were, has done more than anything else to keep Colts' rugger going since September and all those who belong to the game are to be warmly commended for their patient and enthusiastic practise and play. The first four games were not very hard and very little was learnt from them; in this period, P. R. Atkinson was discovered as an extremely fast runner and an unerring tackler, but there were disappointments, too; unfortunately C. N. Kemp was injured in the Kent College game and was sufficiently seriously injured to have to stop playing for the rest of the term ; in his departure the team lost a good captain and an extremely powerful and experienced fo rward. Another loss carne on October 19th when G. C. Pritchard filled a gap in the 1st XV successfully enough not to have returned to the Colts since that time. The Sutton Valence game saw the forwards first starting to combine and to use their speed in brcakthe day was bad, but two good runs, one by Pritchard and one by J. L. D. Radcliffe, an outstanding wing both in allack and defence, started the scoring, while in the second half a good loose rush gave R. Beaugic the ball in his hands at the right time. lt was not a brilliant game, but the King's defence was found to be efficient and the opportunities were well taken. The match with Dover College was marked by a relaxed effort in the second half, by errors in defence, and, on the credit side, by two good bursts by A. R. Mulford, who revealed at this time a new power in his running. The St. Lawrence game saw the return to something approaching the team in full, but signs of unfitness could be seen in the weak shove and slow heel of the forwards ; the backs, however, were bcuer than they had previously been in combination. C. R. Barber was distinguished both by strong and intelligent running and by good place-kicking in this match. Each member of the three-quarter line scored and credit for this must be given to the excellent service of W. M. Watson at inside half and the safe but well thought-out movement of the outside ha lf, R. M. K. Carey. thr~ugh;

The defeat in the first match against R .M.S., Dover was allributable to nothing other than an opposing back line which was superior in speed, handling and in the making of openings. The King's defence was a little more sluggish than it might have been but the forwards worked well in spoiling; they were, however, unable to cover across sufficiently quickly once the breaks started. This defeat served to mature the team and the next three matches were notable for a far more resolute and cohesive effort by backs and forwards together. The Eastbourne game was grim but spirited, but, apart from one break-through by Atkinson, neither side looked as though they could score at any time; both defences were exceptiona lly good. The Felstcd game, again, showed the superiority of the School's half-back combination and the value of Barber's speed in seeing moments of penetration. By this stage the forwards, both in the tight, through the excellent hooking of M. R. Tuohy, and in the loose, where the efforts of the second row, M. R. Stockell and A. R. Maybury, were particularly lively, were quick enough and sufficiently accustomed to combining readily to make an exceptionally formidable pack.

~37

- ,.. THE CANTUARIAN The fina l match, in which the particular R .M.S. fifteen involved was defeated for the first time in two seasons, was played in extremely poor conditions o f sleet, mud, and high wind. The kicking of the halves and the outstandingly intelligent spoili ng and covering of the forwards brought their own rewa rd . The only try of the match, from a forty yard rush culminating in crisp handling by some four players, was one of the best things of which this good Colts' XV has shown itself capable. Carey was an unsparing captain, and both Maybury a nd Tuohy, at different times, led the pack with spirit. The team was:- P. J. Baxter, P. R . Atk inson, C. R . Barber, A. R. Mulford, J. A. Nicholls, R . M. K. Carey, W. M. Watson , M. R. Ayling, M. R. Tuohy, D. M. Whewcll, M. R. Stockcll, A. R. Maybury, J. L. Walford, R. Beaugie, J.P. D. Pa ttrick. The following also played :- J. L. D. R adcliffe, C. N. Kemp, G. C. P ritchard, M. J. Stevenson, M. Elliott, K. R. Wilkins, I. B. R. Fowler, II. A. Barker, G. W. F. Hale, 0. J. C. Wcthered a nd J. K . Khanna. R ESULTS

Oct. 12. 17. 23. 29. Nov. 2.

Kent College (Home). Won 25- 5 Sutton Valence (Away). Won 9- 3 Dover College ( Home). Won 11 - 5 St. Lawrence, Ramsgate (Home). Won 20-3 R. M.S., Dover (Home). Lost 21- 0 16. Eastbourne ( Home). D raw 0- 0 23. Felsted (Away). Won 8-{) Dec. l4. R. M.S., Dover (Away). Won 9- 0 J .G.O. & J.A.S.

THE JUNIOR COLTS Asian ' flu, together with the la te return, left us at a disadvantage in these opening matches. In the fi rst of these a much depleted team was heavi ly defeated by D over College, but a fortn ight later a stronger side only just lost to Sutton Valence. As they played together more regularly, they improved steadily throughout the season. The pack which last year had shown much promise beca me the decisive factor in the s uccession of victories which followed. The best performa nce was against King's, Ro::hester, who were beaten by 18 points to nil. This match was played on a very wet day and for the first time the forwards combined and showed what a formid able force they could be. The fi nal match, which was played against R.M.S., Dover, was abandoned just after half-time because of the appa lling conditio ns, but the team can console themselves that they had much the better of the play. All th rough the season the forwards were admirable in the line-out and in the tight serums, but it was only later that they showed aggression in the loose, covered quickly and tackled decisively. I t was not until the King's, R ochester, match that the forwards achieved the quick heel from the loose and so gave the backs plenty of opportunities to score. Rudgard must be singled out for his dominance in the line-out and his intell igent and enthusiastic leadership. Behi nd the serum the problems of team-building were greater. Natural three-quarters cannot be manufactured easily, and it took several weeks before a successful line was produced. Lindley and McClelland combined effectively a t half-back. McClelland's speed off the mark and positional sense got the line moving smoothly, and he gradually overcame the tendency to hang on too long. The three-quarters took longer to settle down. Early in the season the defence was let down by weak tackling a nd the auack suffered from lack o f speed and penetration. When Norris was moved from wing forward into the centre, these weaknesses were largely overcome and the whole line gained in confidence. McClure overcame his early hesita ncy and Stringer not only improved his defence but s howed that he was an elusive and sturdy a ttacki ng player. B aker at full-back fielded excellently and his long touch-finding was a valuable asset in defence. The second team is often overlooked, but they have been helpful in providi ng opposition in practice games and filling gaps in the team caused by injury and illness. The tea m was as follows :- D . E. Baker, C. Barker, J. A. M. McClure, J. Norris, C. J . Stringer, A. D. M. S. McClelland, M. J. Lindley, I. D . Mackie, A. K. P. Jackson, G. D. Williams, M. J . Parsons, C. H. CavendishSmith, P. D. Webb, H. A. Rudgard, P. H . Ga llwey.

-{-

THE CANTUARIAN The following also playcd:-S. J. M. Barnctson, W. J. Chessyhrc, J. J. R. C. Harston, W. D. Maycock,

J. A. Mackie, R. J. Percival. R ESULTS

King's, King's, King's, King's, King's, King's, King's, King's,

Played 8, Won 5, Drawn 1, Lost 2 Canterbury v D over College. Lost 3-30 Ca nterbury v Sutton Valence. Lost 0-8 Canterbury v St. Lawrence, Ramsgate. Won 9-3 Canterbury v Chatham House. Won 3-0 Ca nterbury v East bourne. Won 6-0 Ca nterbury v R.M.S., D over. Won 8- 3 Canterbury v King's, Rochester. Won 18- 0 Canterbury v R.M.S., Dover. Drawn 0- 0 (match abandoned) P.H.W.G. & M.E.M.

THE UNDER 14 XV

---

Played 6, Won 4, Lost 2 This has been a very sat isfactory term in spite o f the difficulties caused by 'flu in the first few weeks. We were beaten only by R. M.S., Dover, the first time by a penalty goal, after a splendid game, and the second in a hailstorm at D over. Everyone has played wel l. Brillcn was an excellent c:tptain, and those who have not played in the team have g iven enthusiast ic support throughout the term. J.S. H .

SHOOTING NOTES Although the team has met with little success this term, the standard has been good compared with previous years and some creditable scores have been recorded, particularly that o f 765 against Wellington and A ll Hallows, which constitutes a new School record. Conditions on the range have not been exactly ideal th is term and this has made s hooting very difficult on severa l occasions. Nevertheless, some members of the team have shot consistently well throughout the term, particularly Oldrey and Hamilton-Paterson. Oldrey is unfortunately leaving this term and will be a great loss to the team. Atkins and Ricketts have shot steadily througho ut the term, although they have pxoducccl no outstanding scores. The team as a whole has been changed little from that o f last year and the improvement has been most noticeable, although we have only won two out of seven matches this term. Since its formation last year, Group B has grown considerably in numbers and is no longer able to practice on the same afternoons as the team. Several very promising shots have been promoted to Group A, Lundgren and Scott particularly being outstanding. As usual, a ll ou r pract ices have been held under the watchful eye of R.S.M. Herbert, our coach, whose patience and excellent instruction have led to a continued improvement. Results were as follows:Under "N.S.R.A." conditions (maximum 800 points) We beat King's, Rochester 724-749 and lost to Framlingham 784-751 a nd Wellington 771- 765 (record) 783-765 a nd All H a llows Under "Country Life" conditions (maximum 720 points) We beat Oakham 636-640 and lost to Wellington 670-639 and King's, Taunton 653-629 The following have s ho t for the School this term :- N. G. A. Payne, J. M. Atkins, S. F. Oldrcy, J.D. H amilton-Paterson, H. J. Hicketts, A. D. T. Marsha ll , D. C. Bartley, A. J. K. Austin, P. Snuggs, N. A. R. Lundgren, A. M. Roche, P. W. F. Browne, A. K. R. Wright, J. 1\. G. Man. N.G.A. P. 339

THE CANTUARIAN

KING'S SCHOOL GOLF CLUB A King's School Golf Club has now been formed, tmder the Presidency of Major Douglas Jervis, o.K.s., and with its own Committee of boys. Officers of the Club:- Preside/11: Major Jervis; Vice-President: Mr. J. G . Sugden; Captain: H. K. Bray; H ou. Secretary: A. A. J. Williams; Hon. Treasurer: P. G. Kemp. D. K. Thorpe and B. S. Guard were elected to complete the Committee. On Ascension Day last term a party was invited to Prince's Golf Club, Sandwich, to play for a number of prizes presented by several generous O.K.S. They were given lunch and tea by the Captain of the Club (Major Jervis) and altogether overwhelmed by kind hospitality. The first prize was won by J. R. Parry with a good gross score of 88, and an extremely pleasant day was enjoyed by about 30 golfers. During the Summer Term and this term, boys interested in improving their golf have had the privilege of free weekly tuition by one of the finest golf coaches in the country- Mr. N. Quigley, the professional at Prince's Golf Club. He has already brought about a marked improvement in the general standard of play, and his patient help is very much appreciated. On the afternoon of October 3rd, seventeen teams consisting of two players in each went to Sandwich to do battle over 9 holes (playing foursomes) for the House Golf Cup given by Prince's Golf Club. After a close finish, the Cup (being competed for for the first time) was won by Marlowe first team (represented by B. S. Guard and M. R. Tuohy), with Linacrc "A" (D. K. Thorpe and A. A. J. Williams) second, and Grange "A" (J. R. Parry and D. M. Whewell) third. After tea in the Club House, the Cup was presented by Mr. A. V. Bridgland. To him, to Major Jervis, and to all those at Prince's who have made us so welcome on these visits, we express our most grateful thanks, and the hope that they will continue to give us their generous support in the future. J.G.S. The purpose of the Club is to encourage any golfer in the School to take a closer interest in the game while he is at School. Subscriptions arc 1/- a head per term, which will go towards the cost of transport to Prince's (which we arc so kindly allowed to visit whenever we like), priles for individual and foursomes tournaments which we hope to arrange, and for the hiring of films of open tournaments. The Club hopes to arrange staff matches on a more permanent basis as they have always proved most enjoyable. The School were soundly beaten by the O.K.S., who had a few masters playing for them, in what is hoped to be the a nnual match on the Canterbury course. We would like to congratulate Mr. and Mrs. Sugden on their win at Sandwich. A.A.J.W.

THE LIBRARY We acknowledge with gratitude books presented to the library by the following:-The Headmaster, W. A. Hodges, Mrs. Morgan, The Swedish Touring Club and A. B. Emden, Esq.

340

...

"" \

(En Mist/e) 1st XV. 1957 Back row: J. 1?. Barren, C. W. Yates, G . C. Pritchard, T. N. Harke, G. D. K.. Marchmont, J. R. Frew R . H. C. Croxford, C. G. Rudgard, R. E. F. Minns Sitting: B. A. !~bill, B. D. Foord, J. A. Turner, J. K.earin, J. A. G. Stewan From ro1~: M. R. Jen ner, P. W. Rollason

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> X

THE

CANTUARJAN

O.K.S. NEWS (The Hon. Secretary of the O.K.S. Association, M. J. H . Girting, 41 Connaught Way, Tunbridge Wells, we/comes information for inclusion in the O.K.S. News. CHANGES OF ADDRESS AND ALL ENQUIRIES ABOUT

"l'HI! CANTUARTAN" SHOULD BE SENT TO HIM AND NOT TO THJl EDITORS.) T. JARDINE-BROWN (1952-57) finds life at Cambridge delightful though the work of a medical student is both interesting a nd tedious a nd mostly not a lillie unpleasant. CoMMANDER M. M. CoURTNEY ( 1932- 35) has bee n accepted by the Bishop of Exeter as a n Ordination candidate and goes to Mirfield in February for his training. P . F. VALPY (1951-57) has been rowing for London Rowing Club with PETER AMENT (1952- 57), who has just been called up, to the R .A.F. J . BEAUO I ~ ( 1952- 57) is li ving in Blackheath with Peter while training a t the L ondon H ospital. D AVID H eNTON (1953- 56) is training for the Hotel bus iness a nd is at present do ing a year in Pa ris, afte r which he hopes to do a yea r in Spai n. . R. CROWLEY (1903- 13), writing on 2nd November, 1957, recalls that it was just a bo ut 50 years ago that the Parrots' XV defeated D over College Juniors 93- 0. Is this a record score for a ny of the School's XV's? He found that F . W. THOMAS had an office within 50 yards o f his own, a nd they lunched togethe r recently. He had also had a tele phone conversation with DR. G. R. M. Al•SeY, who immediately thought he was his own younger brother, his contemporary at K.S. [September, 1953, Junior Colts defeated Aylesham

Grammar School 97- 0; the game was then abandoned.- Eds.] G. D .•LINDLEY ( 1943-47) writes that work as a Magistrate in F iji is varied a nd interesting a nd involves

...

a fair a mount of travelling between the islands, as well as a great deal of writing, j udgments, recommendations a nd memoranda. H e finds the climate very pleasant, and the colony is, fortunately, free from snakes. A. BARRIGA (1950-51) hopes to be in England sh ortly, having completed his third year in Architecture at Los Andes University, Colombia. At the same time he runs a small shop, teaches E nglish a t the local British Institute a nd in his spare time puts in severa l hours' piano practice, a nd regrets tha t he has not m ore spa re lime to devote to a nother of his hobbies, painting. He hopes to spend two or three months in London. J . P. SuGDEN (1940-42) is on the Pe rsonnel Staff of Carreras Ltd. The firm is moving to the new town of Basildon in Essex, so he is extremely busy helping the fi rm's employees to find accommodat ion there. R . A. FINN (1892-96) has been appointed Secretary and Solicitor to the new Electricity Council appointed last October. D . W. K ELLY (1948- 53) is Vice-Captain of ·St. Thomas's H ospital R.U.F.C. B. E. LEE ( 1946- 51) qualified M.B. B.Chir. in J une last. M. W. C HARLEY has joined the firm of Urwick, Orr & Pa rtners Ltd. as a n industrial consultant. R eaders of the Daily Sketch will have seen, from the issue of A ugust IOth, that Major E. C. C. E. PowELL ( 1922- 24) has secured a post with that paper, as the result o f his reply to a n advertisement. D AVID llEYGATll (1952- 56) has been accepted as a student apprentice by British Timkcn Ltd. R . M. SuTTON (1950-56) and STEPHEN YOUNG (1945- 52) have been elected Oxford University Occasiona Is. D . C. W. TowNSHEND (1950- 54) is farm ing in Warwicksh ire. J. W. RI DSOALE ( 1915- 23) took second place in h is yacht Kingcup in a race a t the East Co:tst Rally of the Law Society Yacht Club at B urnham-on-Crouch on 2 1st September. D ENNIS E. O'SULLIVAN (1 951- 55) is studying Arts a nd Science before tak ing a five-year architectural course a t the University of British Columbia. E. T . LAKER (1950- 55) and P. S. HASKINS ( 1945- 5 1) a re a lso there. W . SoMJ;RSET MAUOHAM (1884-89) was reported in an interview with a representative of the Sunday Times as saying that he admires Angry Young Men a nd enjoyed the fi rst two acts of the play Look Back in Anger by John Os borne very much. M. J. ABBOTT (1919- 23) has been appointed Federa l J ustice of the Federal Supreme Court, N igeria. T11E R1GJJT Rev. J. FREWEN (1897- 1902) was awarded the C.B.E. in the Birthday H onours in June, 1957. J. D. Moss (1937- 39) was in Toronto a nd Ottawa in the Spring discussing with some Canadia n Jmpressarios the forma tion o f a new touring Tee Show to tour the D ominion. He is producing Cinderellq at Southport th is season. 34 1

-.I TH E

C A N T UARI AN

0 . H. RANDS (1944-48) who was recently married, is now farming in the Weiland Valley, rearing amongst other things, pigs and poultry and is now starting a Broiler Plant. G. A. F. RANDS (1940-43) is now Leaf Director for the State Tobacco Monopoly in Tripolitania, Libya . His various journeys have led h im to Ind ia, Ceylon, Indo-Chi na, and Indonesia, amongst o ther places. Living and worki ng in many of the so-called "under-developed" countries newly independent, has been a great and inspiring experience to him, though often heart-breaking, lonely and, at times, a lmost unbearable. R . N . C. LOGAN (1935-40) is teaching in a local Arab Secondary School in the Gebel. W. G . WATKINS (1942- 52) gained Second C lass Honours in Law at Oxford and is now articled to a fi rm o f solicitors in London. J. E. JNGLHON ( 1947- 52) came down from Oxford lnst term and has been working as an Arts Graduate Trainee with London T ransport Executive. .J. J. BRADLEY (1 945- 48), M.n., u.s., M.R.c .s., L.R.C. I'., D. I'.M., was successful in June last at the fin al examinatio n for the Di ploma in Psychiatric Medicine. He a ttended the Second World Psychi atric Congress in Zurich at which he wns to speak. P ATRICK LEIGH FERMOR (1929- 31). H is book A Time to Keep Silence, which was published in an expensive limited edition a few years ago, is now generally avai lable for the fi rst time. S. D . P. WHITAKllR (1952- 54) is sitting for the Incorporated Pract!tioners in Adver tising examination. J.D. D . PORTER (1947- 52) is preparing for Ordination at Queen's College, Birmingham. 1HE Rev. B. J. W IGAN (1932- 37) has been appointed Vicar of Little Bcrkhamsted, H erts. S. J . T. MAZZARELLA (1950- 56) is Secretary of the St. Edmund Hall Musical Society. He plays the Oboe in the Geranium Court Orchestra nnd sings in the Choir. R. M. SuTTON (1945- 56) has his Colours for Hockey at St. Edmund Hall, and has played for the U niversity. He is Hon. Secretary of the Ha ll Hockey Club. S. YouNG (1945- 52) played in the H all Cuppcrs XI also. CAPTAIN C. B. PRATT, R.N. (192 1- 24), Naval Attache at the British Embassy, R io de Janeiro, finds Brazil a fascinating country, and possessed of enormous potential wealth which is just beginning to be developed. He has travelled nearly 12,000 miles in the past nine months and visited nearly all the big cities, but has not come across a single o ther O.K.S. M . H . SMITHERS ( 1940-44) has recently joined Marley Concrete Ltd., a subsidiary of Marley Tiles. D . J. KIRSCH ( 1948- 54) hopes to adopt a teaching career. We are grateful to H . J. FRAMl'TON ( 1947- 52), who sent us a Russian sta mp commemorating the Harvey Tercentenary. The stam p was a reproduction o f the portrait of which a copy hangs in the G reat Hall. It was printed the wro ng way round. TONY D EAN (1934-40) objects to the term O.K.S. and asks why Old Boys cannot call themselves Cantuarians. M . U. SLEE (1948-54) of, according to the printed card, "King's, Cantab., a nd Trinity", was a reserve fo r the "A" and "B" teams in the Oxford Seniors' Trials in October, and C. B. STROUTS (1941-55) and C. J . M. WHITTINGTON ( 1952- 57) appeared in the Freshmen's Trials. J . GLENNY (I 946- 54) is a Trainee with Messrs. Asprey & Co. Ltd., of Bond Street; HowARD MooN ( 1946-57) with Messrs. Lcebig's & Co. Ltd., a nd M. R. A. MATTHEW (1953- 57) is a clerk with Messrs. Horlicks Ltd. These appointments were obtained through the Public Schools Appointments Bureau. J . J. LEWIS (1952- 56) is now articled to a firm of Solicitors. T. H . B IRNBERG (1945- 51) is joining the Staff of the Royal Masonic School, Bushey, to teach Modern Languages. SIR ROLAND BRADDELL (1894-99), after a visit to the School in June, and a conducted tour by a member of the Sixth Form, wrote to congratulate the H eadmaster on the boys. He wrote: " [ am one of those who believe that no school possesses any higher cla im to fame than the type of boy it turns out". D . B. H uGHES (1950- 54) has qualified for the Fellowship of the Spectacle Makers Company a nd has the D iploma of Northampton College in Ophthalmic Optics. J. R. M . HARVEY (1948- 54) is a member o f the Oxford U niversity Air Squad ron and has recently passed his solo test.

342

THE CANTUAR!AN

A third Shell Apprenticeship has been gained by an O.K.S., D. R. BARBER (1945-50). He is now doing a course in plastics. M. J. ABBOTI (1919- 23), Judge of the High Court of Lagos, has been appointed Federal Justice of the Federal Supreme Court, Nigeria. He was previously Assistant Crown Solicitor and later Crown Counsel at Hong Kong. After the war he was seconded to the Government of Ethiopia as President of the High Court there, until he went to Lagos in 1955. J . E. M. LuCIE-SMITH (1946-51) read two of his own poems in the Third Programme on September 15th. 1. S. Hoao (1949- 52) is working a t the Airport at St. Mnry's, Isles of Scilly. We congratulate A. H. M. HoARE (1948- 54) on hooking for Oxford for the second year. The Daily Telegraph wrote after the match: "Hoare, the Oxford hooker, had an important part in the result, and his prominence was not confined to hooking". Unfortunately neither Hoare nor our ot her Ruggcr 131ue, N. C. G. RAFFLE (1947- 53), could play for the O.K.S. side as they were playing against each other, Ramc hooking fo r the Combined Services and Hoare for Harlequins. JN THE SERVICES C. H. BARNETI (191 9- 25) has been promoted toT/Brigadier. A. E. BROCKLEHURST (1919- 23) was promoted Major-General on June 27th, 1957, and relinquished his appointment as Chief of Staff Headquarters Malaya Command, on 1st September, 1957. A. FooRo-KELCEY ( 1926-32) has been promoted from Group Captain to Air Commodore. ROGER SNELL (195 1- 56) is now serving in l l.M.S. Ark Royal. F. D. PtLCIIER (1951 - 56) is doing his National Service in the R.A.F. at Headquarters No. 61 (s) Group. D. G. BARBER (195 1- 56), who is with the R.C.A.F. at Claresholm, Alberta, is enjoying his time in Canada very much . He recently spent a very enjoyable holiday in the Western United States, covering 5,308 miles in 14 days, and going as far South as Los Angeles. PETER FuRNEAUX (1947-56) is with the Queen's Own Nigeria Regiment at 1badan and expects to complete his National Service there, except for three months' duty in Lagos, which he started in October. He hopes before he leaves the country to climb Mt. Cameroon, the highest mountain in West Africa, which is believed to have more magic bound up on it than any other comparable mountain. M. E. C. HILL (1950-52), P. W. NIBLOCK (1952-57), J. HADFIIlLD (1950-54), R. A. DEWHURST ( 1948-54) and D. C. V. FARRANT (1951-55) have passed their W.O.S.B. C. Q. JAMCS (1951-56) is with the Parachute Lt. Regt., R.A., but was due to go to Mons O.C.S. in November. G. M.A. MULLINS (1952-56) was recently appointed a section leader in his recruit squad at the Royal Marines' Infantry Training Centre at Lympstone, Devon, and expects to serve later with the Royal Marine Commando Brigade in the Mediterranean. A. J. B. WALKER (1951-55) is serving with the lntelligencc Corps for three years. W. R. UTHWArr-BouvERIE (1953- 56) is a regular in the Black Watch on a three-year engagement and hopes to get a regular commission. He is stationed at Perth. FLYING OFFICER L. R. H. D'EATH (1949-52) has been interviewing National Service Recruits at R.A.F. Cardington, and has come across occasional O.K.S. while doing so. He has just completed a four-year Short Service Commission and hopes soon to get settled in a civilian job. We congratulate him on his marriage last June. D.P. BuCHAN (1951-57) has been called up recently. I. S. McDoNALD (1951-57) is with the Seaforth Highlanders. JAN BALKWJLL (1947-57) is stationed at H.M .S. Raleigh, Tor Point, has recently fi nished his training as a stoker-mechanic and is expecting a Ship in February. M. E. DROWN (1950- 54) won rm entrance into Wclbeck College. He will go there next January.

343

THE CANTUAR1AN

BIRTHS D ONALDSON.-On 30th July, 1957, to Margaret, wife of the Rev. C. W. D onaldson (193 1- 34), a son. PATERSON.-On 5th September, 1957, to Ann, wife of Colin G. S. Paterson (1943-49), a daughter. JOHNSON.-On 21st September, 1957, to Rosamund, wife of Derek Kirby Johnson (1940-45), a son (Oliver St. John), due at K.S. 1971. WYLSON.- On 8th October, 1957, to Pa tricia, wife of Anthony Wylson (1945-48), a daughter. SMtTHERs.- On 17th September, 1957, the wife of M. H. Smithers (1940-44), a son (Christopher David Hylton), due K.S. 1971. LucAs.- On 15th October, 1957, to Fionnghuala, wife of Dr. P. F. Lucas (1934-39), a son. EvANS.-On 7th October, 1957, to the wife of G. A. Culver Evans (1939-45), a son (Simon Charles). STEARN.- On 13th November, 1957, to Jane, wife of John Stearn (1938-42), a daughter (Robin H ilary).

ENGAGEMENTS H EARNE- MACK1E.- Neville Leslie H earne (1935-40) to Margaret Marion Mackie. l NGLETON- SM!TII.- J ohn E. Jngleton (1947- 52) to June Sevilla Smith. TwtNOERRow- PoLGP..- Eric W. Twinbcrrow (1941-45) to Jacqueline Marguerite Polge. GRAY- JOHNSON.- Cha rles Gordon Gray (1947- 50) to Jennifer Mary Johnson. GRAINGER-SCBERMULY.-Stuart Edward Grainger (1946-49) to Ann Cristall Schermuly. MlZEN- HALTON.- David Houton Mizen (1946-50) to J<mnella Jill Halton.

SJLVER WEDDlNG LATTER- RENDALL.-On 29th J une, 1932, Cyril Edward Latter (1916- 25) to Hilary Joan Rendall.

DEATHS SwtTHtNOANK.- On 24th June, 1957, Commander Cuthbert Winthrop Swithinbank, o.s.o., R.N. (ret.) (1 895-99). SANDY.-On lOth September, 1957, Tony Kenneth Sandy (1949-51). D ENNE.- On 7th December, 1957, Lionel George Lewis Denne (1904-09) LovE.- In December, 1957, Major Edgar William Plummer Love (1891 - 96).

MARRIAGES D'EATH-SATCHELL.-On 22nd June, 1957, Flying Officer Larry Robert Holmes D'Eath (1949-52) to Jennifer Jane Satchell. WR!GHT-DENTON.- On 21st September, 1957, David Mead Wright (1940-44) to D orothy Fraley, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. K. C. D enton of Cumberland, Foreside Main, U.S.A.

344

THE CANTUAR IAN

O.K.S. RESIDENT AT OXFORD Adams, R. G. Allen, J. de V. Ayling, A. P.

Pembroke Magdalen Balliol

Kidd, G. A. G. Kirkby, P. B. Kane, J. A.

Jesus Brasenose Christ Church

Baring, A. Browner, A. N. A. Burbridge, S. N.

Worcester Christ Church Christ Church

Laine, C. N. Lane, R. A. Lawrence, R. A. Loveridge, D. J.

Trinity Keble Worcester Trinity

Campbell, I. A. Chenevix-Trench, T. C. J. Clift, D. Cobb, J. H. Cooper, N. H. Cooper-Poole, J. H. Cozens, M. S. R.

Oriel Corpus Trinity University New College St. Edmund Hall St. John's

McCurdy, C. P. Macmillan, J. A. D. Mellish, D . E. Moor, D. C. Murch, M.A. Mortimer, D. J. Mazzerella, S. J. McCleary (formerly Lin acre)

Davies, J. S. Dawson, P.

St. Edmund Hall Corpus

Christ Church Trinity St. Edmund Hall Trinity Trinity St. John's St. Edmund Hall Worcester (fourth year at Oxon. from Cambridge)

Farmer, C. C. Fishlock, R. L. S. Ford, P. J. Freebairn-Smith, S. J. Freyer, W. F letcher (formerly Marlowe)

Balliol St. Edmund Hall Christ Church Christ Church Lincoln

Nash, G. F. Nicholson, T. P. Norton, J. W.

Wadham St. Edmund Hall Brasenose

Paine, N. Pitch, W. A. N. Poole, D. A.

Trinity Hertford St. Edmund Hall

Gimblett, J. L. A.

Jesus (no longer in residence)

Rear, J. C. St. C. Rhodes, P. Rowe, J. A.

University Brasenose Christ Church

Hardisty, S. C. Hare, G. E. Harvey, J. R. M. Hoare, A. H. M. Harding, P. J.

Trinity Wadham St. Edmund Hall Trinity St. Catherine's

Jeffery, B. K. Jenkins, A. D. Job, E. R. G. Jones, S. P.

Christ Church Trinity Magdalen Merton

St. Edmund Hall

Queen's Sayer, M.G. Exeter Sinclair, C. R. Balliol Sladen, C. D. Trinity Slee, M. U. Smalman-Sroith, E. J. Trinity St. Edmund Hall Smith, A. J. D. Exeter Spathis, G. S. Corpus Strouts, C. B. St. Edmund Hall Sutton, R. M. Stears (formerly Wad bam Marlowe) Merton Snoxall, D. 345

THE CANTUARIAN

Thomas, W. E. S. Taylor (formerly The Grange)

Magdalen

Vincent, M. E. W.

St. Edmund Hall

Walker, J. D. B. Trinity Whittington, C. M. J. Trinity Walshaw, B. (formerly Marlowe) St. Edmund Hall

Queen's

O.K.S. RESIDENT AT CAMBRIDGE Agnew, K. D. Allen, P. J. D.

Jesus Jesus

Balfour, D. E. Briggs, A. J. Burgess, M. A.

Gonville and Caius Pembroke Downing

Carnes, M.

King's

Deller, M. D.

St. John's

Graburn, N. H. H. Griffith, D. G.

Cla re Jesus

Hoare, H. R. Holford, R. L.

St. John's Magdalene

Jardine Browne, T.

Gonville a nd Caius

Moss, P. H.

Clare

Nye, J. S.

Christ's

Orr-Ewing, I. M.

Pembroke

Paterson, R. G .

Christ's

Sales, J. E. L. Seal, A. Smith, R. A. Sparrow, J. D. R. Stevenson, D. C. C. Symon, R. H. C.

St. John's Trinity King's Emmanuel Clare St. John's

Van Berkel, P. J .

Jesus

Wenban-Smith, W. N. Williams, M. Woolston, W. H. Woodrow, F. D.

King's Queen's Jesus Corpus

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OBITUARIES

,__

DONALD COCKREM (1909-14) 1L gave us great sorrow to hear of the death of Donald Cock rem on September 20th, 1957, at Chetwynd Road, Southsea. Preserving an unfailing devotion to the School, his life was a model of self-sacrifice and care for others. After a distinguished career in the Navy, he looked after his mother and father and, subsequent ly, his invalid brother, while carrying on a p1 ivate insurance business. Among his many other pastimes ami duties he ma intained a lively interest in music and pai nt ing to the end of his life. The School has lost in him a talen ted a nd faithful friend and o ne who thro ughout his life showed a real sense of ch;~r ity, and an awareness of the need to apply Ch rist ian principles to everyday life. Our deepest sympathy is extended to all his surviving friends and relations.

THE R EV. G. C. R. COOKE, M.C. ( 1898- 1903) It is with deep regret that the School learnt of the d eath of the Rev. G. C. R . Cooke at Paignton on 18th October. Gordon Cottell Rash leigh Cooke was born on the 6th April, 1884. He entered the King's School in 1898 and won his Colours during his last two years there. In 1903 he proceeded to Hertford College, where he won a Boxing Half Blue in 1905 and 1906 and was winner of the Inter-University Bantamweights in 1906. Later he studied at the Theological College at Ely and was ordained in 1909. During the First World War he served as temporary Chaplain to the Forces and was awarded tile M.C. After the war he became chaplain to St. Saviour's, Ardingley, and then chapla in to St. D enstone's College from 1920 to 1928. He subsequently held a living near Dudley and Sheffield. A few years ago he retired to Paignton, where he gave assistance to the local clergy. He leaves three sisters, to whom we extend our deepest sympathy. R. Brinsley-Richards (1891- 1900) writes: " He devoted his life whole-heartedly to his vocation as a clergyman. In particular he did a great work among boys and young men and led several to offer themselves for ordination. Till the end of his life he possessed a youthful a lmost boyish enthusiasm for his work and a cheery unfailing inspiring opt imism."

.... â&#x20AC;˘

CORRESPONDENCE Lattergate House, The King's School, Canterbury.

To t/te Editors a/THE CANTUARIAN Dear Sirs, Many parents, 0. K.S. and friends of the School must have taken excellent pictures of the Queen Mother's visit. We should like to gather some of the best of these together, whether in black and white or 35 mm. colour transparencies, and the loan of negatives, which would be promptly returned, would be much appreciated . Yours sincerely,

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Study Number One, The Grange. I 3th November, 1957.

The Editors o/THB CANTUARIAN Dear Sirs, The swift curtailment of break by the "fatal bellman", soon after its commencement is a constant problem, which might bear some reconsideration. A lengthening of the present time allot'ted could have startling results. Under the system today, any delay in the setting out for one's house o r the tuck-shop after third period can seriously cut down the minutes set aside for eating of biscuits and the drinking of tea or coffee. Even under normal circumstances that period is not enough to a llow a satisfying amount of food to be consumed, and the necessary haste with which it is devoured leaves much to be desired in the way of digestion. lf this could be avoided, to a llow for a complete and unhurried replenishment, the fourth and fifth periods would be graced by a far mo re comfortable and attentive audience, which in turn could not fail to raise the general academic standard of the School. Yours sincerely, GABRJCL BROWNE.

OUR CONTEMPORARIES The Editors acknowledge the receipt of the following magazines and apologise for any inadvertent omissions:The Barrovian, Benenden School Magazine, Bradfield College Chronicle, Bryanston Saga, The Cholmelian , The Campbellian, Cheltenham Ladies' College Magazine, Cily of London School Magazine, The Cranbrookian, The Decanian, The Dikler Hill Place School Magazine, Th e Eastboumian, Th e Elizabethan, St. Edward's School Chronicle, The Epsomian, The Felstedian, The Glenalmond Chronicle, The Gresham, The HursiJolmian, The Haileyburian, and !.S.C. Chronicle, The Kent College Magazine, King's School Magazine, Lancing College !lifagazine, The Lawrentian, The Lore/Ionian, The Malvemian, The Mtmwoodian, The Meteor, The Mill Hill Magazine, The Milner Court Chronicle, The Novaportian, The Ousel, The Pauline, The Radleian, The Reptonian, The Roffensian, Stony/mrs/ Magazine, The School Tie, The Su/lonian, The Tonbridgian, The Wellingtonian, The Worksopian, The Wykesonian, The York ist.

)

348

THE CANTUA RIA N Study Number One, The Grange. 13th November, 1957.

The Editors o[THE CANTUARIAN Dear Sirs, The swift curtailment of break by the " fata l bellman", soon after its commencement, is a constant prob lem, which might bear some reconsideration. A lengthening of the present time allotted could have startling results. Under the system today, any delay in the setting out for one's house or the tuck-shop after th ird period can seriously cut down the minutes set aside for eat ing of biscuits and the drinking of tea or coffee. Even under normal circumstances that period is not enough to allow a sat isfying amount of food to be consumed, a nd the necessary haste with which it is devoured leaves much to be desired in the way of digestion. lf this could be avoided, to allow for a complete and unhurried replenishment, the fou rth and fifth periods would be graced by a far more comfortable and attentive audience, which in turn could not fa il to raise the general academic standard of the School. Yours sincerely, G ABRIEL BROWNE.

OUR CONTEMPORARIES The Editors acknowledge the receipt of the following magazines and apologise fo r any inadvertent omissions:The BanÂˇovian, Benenden School Magazine, Bradfield College Chronicle, Bryanston Saga, The Clio/me/ian, The Campbellian, Chelfenlwm Ladies' College Magazine, City of London School Magazine, The Cranbrookian, The Decanian, The Dikler Hill Place School Magazine, The Easfbournian, The Elizabethan, S t. Edward's S chool Chronicle, The Epsomian, The Fe/stedian, The Glenalmond Chronicle, The Gresham, The HurstJ o/mian, The Hai/eyburian, and ! .S.C. Chronicle, Th e Kent College Magazine, King's School Magazine, Lancing College Magazine, The Lawrellfian, The Loreftonian, The Ma/ vernicm, The Mamvoodian, The Meteor, The Mill H ill Magazine, The Milner Court Chronicle, The Novaportian, Th e Ousel, The Pauline, The Radleian, The Replonian, The Roffensian, Slony!mrst Magazine, The School Tie, The Sttttonian, The Tonbridgian, The Wellingtonian , The Worksopian, The Wykesonian, The Yorkist.

348

J J

'I'HE CANTUAR IAN Christmas Anthony Beacon K.S. Roger Mayc Richard lnge Henry Peter [Petter) John Claringbole Thomas Norwood ,. Edward Aldey Charles Braye George Gaunt [Gant] Richard Marsh[e) Edward Jemmett [Semmel] Richard Maurice [Morrys] N icholas Brett Hen ry Pysinge Christopher Heywood Abiezer Harbar[t] William Brewer Paul Cuntry John Broome Thomas Webb J ohn Player Richard Culmer Thomas Annott Herbert Finch [Fynch] John Colbrand George Clifford [Clyfford) Nevile Whitgrcvc Thomas Marson George Somner George Lakes John Daniel Samuel Wilson

Ladyday K.S.

Midsummer Miclrae/mas K.S. K.S.

...

1610-11 [Treasurer's Accounts, New Foundauon, No. 19.) LRogcr Raven and John Ludd arc Headmaster and Second Master respectively.) Richard Colfe Henry Herne Thomas Swift Benjamin Salley [Sally) Nicholas Ospringc William Gibbon[s) Robert Yate[s) Mark Culling[e) John Edwards George Kennard Samuel Pownall Christopher Batchclcr Charles Sellcr[s) Charles Hutchinson Nathaniel Chambers

Christmas K.S.

Ladyday

K.S.

Midsummer Miclrae/mas

K.S.

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K.S.

320

...

THE CANTUARIAN James Pashl[e]y Aaron Windebanck Thomas Langworth Anthony Be[a]con Roger Maye Richard lnge Henry Petter John Claringbole [Ciaringboll] Edward Aldey Charles Braye George Gaunt[e] [Gant] Richard Marshe Edward Jemmet Richard Morrys [ Morriesl Nicholas Brett Henry Pysingc [Pisinge] Christopher Heywood [Highwood] Abierer Harber [Abiezer Harbart] William Brewer Paul Cuntry [Country) John Bro[o]me Thomas Webb John Player Richard Culmer Thomas Annot Herbert Fynch[e] John Colbrand George Clifford Nevile Whitgreve Thomas Marson George Somner George Lakes John Daniell Samuel Wilson John Petter Henry Collard Peter Simon Thomas Head [Hed] Samuel Fawnt[e] Peter Tyb[b]old Edward Mer[r)ywether Edward Yonge Henry Austen Henry Wagstaff Roger Maye [sic] Benjamin Coif WiUiam Master

Christmas K.S.

Ladyday K.S.

.. ....

Midsummer Micltaelmas K.S. K.S.

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.. .. ..""

K.S.

.. ..

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THE CAN T U ARIA N Christmas Anthony Beacon K.S. Roger Mayc R ichard loge Henry Peter [Petter) John Claringbole Thomas Norwood Edward Aldey Charles Braye George Gaunt [Gant) Richard Marsh[e) Edward Jemmett [Semmel) Richard Maurice [Morrys) Nicholas Brett Henry Pysinge Christopher Heywood Abiezer Harbar[t) William Brewer Paul Cunt ry John Broome Thomas Webb John Player Richard Culmer Thomas Anno!! Herbert Finch [Fynch) John Colbrand George ClioÂˇord [Ciy!Tord] Nevile Whitgrcvc Thomas Marson George Somncr George Lakes John Daniel Samuel Wilson

Ladyday K.S.

M idsummer Michae/mas K.S. K.S.

" -:-I

161 0-11 (Treasurer's Accounts, New Foundauon, No. 19.) LRogcr Raven and John Ludd a rc Headmaster a nd Second Master respcctivcly.J Richard Colre Henry Herne Thomas Swirl Benjamin Salley [Sally] Nicholas Ospringc William Gibbon[s] Robert Yate[s) Mark Culling[e) John Edwards George Kennard Samuel Pownall Christopher Batchelcr Charles Sellcr[s] Charles Hutchinson Nathan iel Chambers

Christmas K.S.

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K.S.

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" "

320

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THE CANTUARIAN

..' ~

James Pashl[e]y Aaron Windebanck Thomas Langworth Anthony Be[a]con Roger Maye Richard lnge Henry Petter John Claringbole [ClaringboU] Edward Aldey Charles Braye George Gaunt[e] [Gant] Richard Marshe Edward Jemmet Richard Morrys [ Morriesl Nicholas Brett Henry Pysinge [Pisinge] Christopher Heywood [Highwood] Abierer Harber [Abiezer Harbart] William Brewer Paul Cuntry [Country] John Bro[o]me Thomas Webb John Player Richard Culmer Thomas Annot Herbert Fynch[e] John Colbrand George Clifford Nevile Whitgreve Thomas Marson George Somner George Lakes John Daniell Samuel Wilson John Petter Henry Collard Peter Simon Thomas Head [Hed] Samuel Fawnt[e] Peter Tyb[b]old Edward Mer[r]ywether Edward Yonge Henry Austen Henry Wagstaff Roger Maye [sic] Benjamin Coif William Master

Christmas

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... 321

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CONTENTS PAGE

EDITORIAL ... THE SCHOOL VIRTUTE FUNCTI MORE PATRUM DUCES VALETE SALVETE THIS AND THAT THE "ST. MARK PASSION" ON ASH WEDNESDAY EDWARDIAN THEATRES AND ACTOR-MANAGERS DICKENS' READING-"PICKWICK PAPERS" WALTER DE LA MARE ... THE MUSIC CIRCLE MILITARY BAND CONCERT THE JAZZ CONCERT THE SCHOOL CONCERT ON MARCH 30TH ARS MILITARlS AND WE BEHELD HIS GLORY CANTERBURY RE-VISITED FRAN<;OISE SAGAN: AN INTRODUCTION A LATIN LESSON or A CLASSICAL HARK "LES JEUX SONT FAITS" THE VAULT... THE BELL HARRY WINDLASS THE CHORAL SYMPHONY "SPRING EVENING" TOLKEIN'S "LORD OF THE RINGS" "BEAUTY" .. . A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO THE NATIONAL SERVICE MEDICAL METAPHYSICS, MORALS AND PHILOSOPHY A STORY FOR EASTER . . . "OF THESE, THE FALSE ACHITOPHEL WAS FIRST A NAME TO ALL SUCCEEDING AGES CURST" . .. T HE RIVER OF LlFE SOME LONELY IMPULSE OF DELIGHT DROVE ME TO TUMULT IN THE CLOUDS SYMBOLIC MEANINGS TN EARLY CHRISTIAN ART ... AFRICAN TRAGEDY THE SCHOOL ROLL THE CHOIR ... HOUSE CHESS CUP THE SOCIETIES C.C.F. NOTES HOCKEY THE BOAT CLUB Continued overleaf

351 353 354 354 354 355 359

360 361 362 363

364 365 366 367 368 368 369 371 372

373 375 376 377 378 379 380 382 387 389 391 392 394 395 396 399 399 400 404 406 411

PAG E

RUGGER ATHLETICS GOLF CLUB ... SHOOTING NOTES FENCING CLUB ... THE CROSS-COUNTRY CLUB ... SQUASH RACQUETS 0 .K.S. NEWS ... A LETTER FROM NEW YORK OXFORD LETTER ... CAMBRIDGE LETTER OBITUARIES ... THE LIBRARY CORRESPONDENCE OUR CONTEMPORARIES

I LLUSTRATJ ONS :CLIO THE WINDLASS IN BELL HARRY TOWER ... ICARUS?

412 412 414 414 414 415 41 7 418 423 424 426 428 429 430 431

frontispiece

FIFTY YEARS AGO: SCHOLARS LEAVING THE CATHEDRAL AFTER THE LAMBETH CONFERENCE SERVICE OF 1908 INSPECTION OF THE O.T.C. BY ARCHBISHOP DAVIDSON AT THE SAME INSPECTION... SOME OTHER OCCASION ... 1ST XI HOCKEY, 1958 R. C. BOWEN WINNING THE INTER-HOUSE CROSS-COUNTRY RACE

375 376

390 390 39Â·1 391 406 407

.......

CLIO

[H.A.S.B.

THE CANT.U ARIAN VoL. XXVII No. 5

APRIL,

1958

EDITORIAL It is depressing when one hears these days so many people discussing with such enthusiasm the qualities and defects of the British educational system, when it is possible that they have never paused to consider what the aim of an education should be. And we can be relieved that the public schools and the two great universities, while disdaining to stoop to the level of self-apologetics, have been able to ignore the well-intentioned onslaughts of those who think that they are failing the country, because they are not, like their Russian counterparts, acting as vast production lines for scientists and technicians.

A little self-appraisal, however, is always salutary, and in this age of social change, we could well consider what are the aspirations and achievements of the public school to-day; for we have certainly changed much since they arose in the last century for the conversion of the sons of self-made Victorian manufacturers into passable replicas of country gentlemen. It has been rightly suggested that the measure of a good

THE

CANTUAR IA N

school today is the extent to which it has moved away from the ponderous discipl ine and grim Spartan ism that this necessitated, towards an attitude closer to the ease and graciousness of Oxford or Cambridge. It was a generation brought up in the Victorian public schoo ls which brought this country, at the end of the las t century, nearer to mi litarism than it had ever been before. Now the age of confidence is over, and one of our most impo rtant fu nctions mu st be the preservation a nd cultivation of civ ilised values and manne rs in an age of chaos. The value of Canterbury is our realization of this new importance of public school education. Living in surroundings that could hardly fa il to mellow the most insensitive, under far-sighted leadership we have attained an almost perfect balance of disciplined behaviour without applying externa l restra ints ; our achievements in music and drama, and indeed academica lly can be attributed not to a ny forced growth, but to the recognition we give to the supreme importa nce of things of the sp irit and of the intellect- and games are accorded neither more nor less than their due significance in a community such as ours. Thus King's sees itself, without self-adulation, as a prior fostering gro und for those values rightly associated with the great English u niversities ; and for the many whose ed ucation ends at schoo l, can pride itself on having implanted in them enough of itself to take the place of Oxford or Cambridge, setting them far apart from others whose schools have not taught to see a wider d imension to life than playing golf in an outer suburb. O .K .S.

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THE SCHOOL Captain of the School: J. R. FREW Head of The Grange J. R. FREW Head of Linacre House J. P. RocHE, K.s. Head of Marlowe House R. M. HARVEY, K.S. Head of Meister Omers J. R. TURNER, K.s. Head of School House J. C. G. SMITH, K.S. Head of Walpole House D. G. JoNES Head of Galpin's House A. J. R EDPATH, K.S. Head of Luxmoore House D. J. EvANS, K.s. SCHOOL MONITORS J. R. FREW, J. P. ROCHE, K.S., R. M. HARVEY, !<.S., J. A. TURNER, K.S., J. C. G. SMITII, K.S., D. G. JONES, A. J. REDPATH, K.S., D. J . EVANS, K.S., D. J. WILLIAMS, K.S., B. D . FOORD, P. A. CAMPBELL, K.S. HOUSE MONITORS R. H. C. CROXFORD, K. R. NIGHTINGALE, R. H. PAWSEY H. A. S. BANCROFT, K.S., N. DEVOlL, S. F. DOCKSEY, K.S., C. F. GRAHAM, D. H. B. CHESSHYRE, c. H. BEYSTON Walpole House : M. R. JENNER, M. F. SULLIVAN, K.S., D. J. EAST, K.s., R. H . WILLIAMS, C. W. YATES, W. E. J. MINNS Meister Omers: A. TURNER, K.S., D. MASTERS, J. A. C. McELWEE, T. C. KI NROSS, A. PHILPOTT, A. G. ROBIETTE, K.S. Luxmoorc House: M. P. F. PturrE, N. C. ATTWATER, J. R. H. PRINGLE, K.s., R. L. PENGELLY, K.S., A. R. MORGAN, K.S., G. D. K. MARCHMONT, W. T. SEABROOK G. SIMMONS, T. w. HARKE, J. G. A. HEADLEY, c. VERNON-SMITH, K.S. Galpin's House: A. A. J. WILLI AMS, I<.S., c. H. G. DE B. TEMPEST-RADFORD, Linacre House: P. CHAFFIN, J. G. UNDERWOOD, K.S., J. I. R. THOMPSON, A. J. BEET, R. C. BOWEN Ma rlowe House: J. R. A. BIRD Monitor of Music: R. F.LUNN Captain of Hockey D. G. JONES Captain of Athletics J. A. TURNER Captain of Boats ... J. R. FREW Captain of Cross-Country R.C. BOWEN Captain of Fencing B.S. GUARD Captain of Squash ... J. A. TURNER Captain of Shooting N. G . A. PAYNE

The School House: The Grange:

The Cantuarian: Editors: THE CAPTAIN OF SCHOOL (ex-officio), I . P. Roc HE, K.S., H. A. S. BANCROFT, K.s., J. G. UNDERWOOD, K.S. Sports Editor : D. G. JONES Secretaries: S.C. FARMER, K.s., J. R. C. WRIGHT, K.s. 353

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VIRTUTE FUNCTI MORE PATRUM DUCES J. P. GREEN.- Entered School, Jan ., '53; King's Scholar, '53; Marlowe House Monitor, Sept., '56; School Monitor, Sept., '57; Open Scholarship in Modern Languages to Magdalen College, Cambridge, Dec., '57; Upper Sixth. J . KEARIN.- Entered School, Jan., '53; Walpole House Monitor (at Riversleigh), Sept., ' 57; 1st XV, '56 and ' 57; 1st Cricket X l, '56 and '57 ; Captain of Boxing, '56-'57; Lance-Sergeant, C.C.F., Sept., '57. C. C. F. MATIHEw.-Entered School, Sept., '52; King's Schola r ; School Hou se House Monitor, Sept., '57; Lance-Sergea nt, C.C.F., Sept., '57; Upper Sixth. M. J. PRICE.-Entered School, Sept., '52; King's Scholar ; Galpin's House Monitor, '56; School Moni tor, Sept., '57; 2nd XI Cricket, '57; Sergeant, C.C.F., Sept., '57; Hon. Sec. Somner Society; Open Exhibition in Classics to Queen's College, Cambridge, Dec., '57. J. A. G. STEWART.-Entered School, Sept., '52; Luxmoore House Monitor, Sept., '55; School Monitor a nd Head of House, Sept., '56; 2nd XV, '55; l st XV, '56 and '57; Tennis VI, '56 a nd '57 ; 2nd Athletics, '54 ; 1st Athletics, '55, '56, '57. S.C. W JLKINSON.-Entered School, Sept., '53 ; Sergeant, C. C. F., Sept., '57; Open Scholarship to St. Edmund H all, Oxford.

VALETE

....

N. J. H. Bennett, S. Cresswell, N. R. Granville-Smith, D. C. Halton, D. G. H azleton, R. F. Her vey, V. G . Ibbetson, D. W. L. Jenkins, R. D. Lebish, N. A. R. Lundgren, R. E. B. Mitton, S. F. O ldrey, S. B. Parsons, P. A. M. Scott, R. P. Spicer, R. C. Stanway, M. E. S. Venables, D. N. Whiteside, P. R. Wilson.

SALVETE Beesly, R., Bell, C. T. C., Borg, G., Buckley, A. R., Copsey, J ., Douglas-Ri ley, G. St. J. D. H., Dra keford, D. R. G., Eustace, D. W., Fell, A. L., Freeman, P. A. D., Fryer, A. R., Hammond, K . C., Herbert, M . J., H ill, M. J. I., Houchin, P. R., Longstaff, M. C., Mickleburgh, M. T., Montgomery, D. R., Moss, T. M., Nettleton, J. G., Padley, M. W., Parsons, T. J., Partridge, A. R. W., Press, M. P. , Pugh, E. J., Shipp, P. J., Strachan, A. J., Veitch, J. W. A., Wallis, G. S., Watts, N. V., Wells, G. W. H., Wilkinson, G. W., Woodrow, P.H. 354

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THIS AND THAT Oxford and Cambridge Awards in this Academic Year ALt.EN, G . l. ATIWATER, N. C. BANCROFT, H . A. S. BAYSTON, C. H. CAMPBELL, P. A. CLARK, R. J. B. EAST, D. J. GREEN, J. P.

Choral Scholarship to St. John's College, Cambridge. Academical Clerkship to M agdalen College, Oxford. Open Scholarship, History, to Trinity College, Oxford. Choral Exhibition to Christ's College, Cambridge. Open Exhibition, History, to Magdalen College, Oxford. Open Scholarship, Modern Languages, to Trinity College, Oxford. Open Scholarship, History, to Lincoln College, Oxford. Open Scholarship, Modern Languages, to Magdalene College, Cambridge. Open Exhibition, Classics, to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. HANSON, C. J. Open Exhibition, Classics, to Merton College, Oxford. HARVEY, R. M. Academical Clerkship at Magdalen College, Oxford. JoB, E. R. G. O pen Exhibition, Science, to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. MORGAN, A. R. Open Exhibition, History, to St. John's College, Oxford. PENGELLY, R. L. Open Exhibition, Classics, to Queen's College, Cambridge. PRICE, M. J . Open Exhibition, History, to Merton College, Oxford. PRINGLE, J. c. R. Open Scholarship, Science, to King's College, Cambridge. ROBIETIE, A. G. UNDERWOOD, J. G. Open Exhibition, History, to Christ Church, Oxford. Open Scholarship, History, to St. Edmund H all, Oxford. WILKINSON, S. C. VERNON SMITH, C. Open Scholarship, History, to St. John's College, Cambridge. Parker Exhibition, Science, to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. MORGAN, A. R. Ford Studentship, Classics, to Trinity College, Oxford. REDPATH, A. J. This year our programme, though not as extensive as last year's, is certa inly no less ambitious. As the School play we are attempting Othello-a very courageous choice for a School. We include, too, a performance of Elijah on Sunday, 13th July; concerts by the Chamber Orchestra, Military Band and Glee Club; a Serenade in the Cloisters, with the usual o rchestral concert on the last Sunday of term.

King's Week

Early in the term we were hosts to 35 members of St. Andrew's School, Grahamstown, who were just finishing an extensive tour of public schools. They arrived somewhat exhausted from T wickenham, late in the evening, but never theless proved most lively and charming; we divided them into small groups and took them back to various studies. They slept in the gym, and the fol lowing morning, after being conducted round the Cathedral, they stayed for the Sunday service. The impression gained was that public schools scarcely differed throughout the Commonwealth, and boys were in fact the same the world over.

S outh African Visitors

355

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A music room and practice rooms are being constructed in the Parker building. There a re new classrooms on the ground floor and the remaining space has not been allotted to anything specific.

What can only be described as the " den" under Prior Sellinge Gate, with its functions ranging from a photographic darkroom to a book-store, has now been converted into an extremely comfortable and much-needed reading-room for Marlowe. Walpole have taken over the old music school; it has provided them with a ping-pong room, a reading room and an additional study. On February 1st the Madrigal Society made their second Madrigal Society Broadcast broadcast, sharing half-an-hour with Carl Dolmetsch and Joseph Sax by. We are now under the impression that the tape has been sent to Kenya with another broadcast in view.

St. Stephen's Field

The scheme to level out the whole of the field was rejected after a n extensive board meeting, but the waste land at the fa r end is now to be levelled and utilised.

We offer our sincere sympathy to W. Somerset Maugham, Esq., on the recent death of his brother, Lord Maugha m, sometime Lord Chancellor.

Lord Maugham

Animal, Vegetable or Episcopal?

Though we can't sport a pet Who builds da ms and is set ln the species rodentia. We come near one in name Though the kind's not the same, For our B--v-r's from episcopalia.

Lack of House Plays has proved a mixed blessing; for while they gave an incentive to the whole House, they tended to disrupt a ll other activities. Without them it is certainly more difficult to cast the School Play, but perhaps our Jist of university awards reflects the benefits of their absence.

House Plays

The Boat Club was very proud and privileged to be addressed by Colin Porter (0. K.S. 1944-1948), who has coached the Oxford Vlll this year. He explained to the club his coaching methods and illustrated his ideas fro m films. Some of us wish his crew every success at Putney, while others hope they will prov~ ~allant losers. Colin Porter

Lent Lectures

In contrast to last yea r when Dr. Telfer gave a series of most erudite lectures, each member of the Chapter devoted himself to a particular character in the Passion. 356

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This nearly didn't happen. Slazengers very kindly lent us their own copy of Bobby Lock's A Key to Go(( which the railways omitted to send off. But two other films were hastily conjured up: Saving Strokes, by von Nida, and a tennis film of Wimbledon, 1956. Finally, Mr. Hampton presented the School with a cup for the best individual golfer of the year. We are extremely grateful to Prince's Golf Club, Sandwich, who are going to a llow us to use their course for the competition.

Golf Film

"Mr. Dean, do you know what costume the Russian women wear when they dig potatoes?" THE DEAN: "No, Mr. Baker, I'm afraid I don't. Do you?" VERGER: "Yes, Mr. Dean- Spudniksl" VERGER:

Well !

A small publication under this title has appeared this term. It has been done most ingeniously on the School duplicator to keep down publication costs and seems to be a thoroughly worthwhile effort. The whole of Arts Remove B., encou raged by Mr. D. S. Goodes, has obviously got together and done some genuine work on it; it is indeed heartening to find a form which indulges in a group activity other than that of messing up its own classroom. The P.13 Magazine

We learn with great pleasure that Bishop Bell, late of Chichester, and Dean of Canterbury in the late nineteen twenties, is coming to live in retirement in the Precincts. At present on holiday in Athens and Rome, while his flat is being built next to the new Featherstone's, he hopes to take up residence in May.

Bishop Bell

It is generally thought that the extent of snowfall is most accurately reflected in the Steward's statistics on broken windows ; but this term we seem to have done quite well- at any rate, relatively. The term has suffered to a larger extent than most people seem to be aware of from snow and general cold, and it is to the credit of the School as a whole that windows broken in the Mint Yard have totalled only three.

Snow

On February 27th a coach party of historians under Mr. R. W. Harris went up to the "Age of Louis XIV" Exhibition at the Royal Academy. In the afternoon most of the party went to see The Picasso Mystery and The Barber of Seville. It was felt by all concerned that the day had been spent in a most rewarding and astonishingly cultured manner. Burlington House

Pins

What conclusions can be drawn from the fantastic array of drawing pins that stud the Walpole gate? E ither a job for the analyst or an indication of the increasing activities the School throws open to the public.

The plight of the Archdeacon has given us all great cause for concern; like many others in a position similar to his own, he does much often unrecognised though invaluable work for the School. After his illness last term it was hoped that his convalescence in Madeira would restore him to health; but this was not to be, and he had a relapse necessitating an operation and had to be flown back before reaching his destination. We were most relieved to hear that the operation was a success and that the long-delayed recovery is now under way.

The Archdeacon of Maidstone

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Lambeth Conference

This will be held in Canterbury in June.

The Rev. David Mead-Briggs will join the staff next term as a n additional chaplain.

New Chaplain

We hear there are to be some additions to our gallery of distinguished portraits; among them, another one of William Harvey. Also one of Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork, an illustration of whom appea rs in Woodruff and Cape's history of the School ; this ill ustration now appears to be James I.

More Portraits

A few of us watched a performance of The Rivals at St. Edmund's School. In spite of the limitations imposed by a tiny stage, they provided a n excellent evening's entertainment, amply taking the edge off the complacency that tends to settle after the Precincts productions. Rivals?

The Moderator of the Church of Scotland is to visit Canterbury in May. We look forward to the talk he has promised to give to the School on Saturday, May 3rd, about the Iona community which he founded. He will preach at the Cathedral Mattins attended by the School on Sunday, May 4th.

The Very Reverend Sir George Macleod, D.D.

Confirmation

On Saturday, March 15th, His Grace the Lord Archbishop confi rmed one hundred boys from the Junior and Senior Schools.

D ATB : Confirmation Saturday. PLACE : Big Iron Gate in Green Court. TIME: 10.30 a.m. Car blocking B.I. G.: owner remonstrates : " I didn ' t know the gate was used": car moved. FIFTEEN MINUTES LATER: Another car blocking B.I.G. : notice put on car by occupier : car removed ; notice put in occupier's letter box saying that the owner did not know the gate was used. Well!

Loose Rivets?

C. W. Ward to J.R.E.P. while touring the Palace classrooms: "Who is this boy Elvis Presley? H e's written his name on every desk !" Mrs. Riley to C.V-S., who has failed to eat his lunch for the umpteenth time: " I think I would like you as a pet". In an essay handed to I.N.W. : "The great difference between a rat and a man is that a rat can get down a manhole, but a man can't get down a rat-bole".

Quotes of the Term

Fifty Years Ago

We are indebted to the Archdeacon of Canterbury for bringing to light the photographs of fifty years ago which we reproduce elsewhere in this issue. 358

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THE "ST. MARK PASSION" ON ASH WEDNESDAY When the late Dr. Charles Wood composed his setting of the Passion according to St. Mark over thirty years ago, he may well have intended to produce a work which would provide choirs with a wor thy alternative to the Passion music of Stainer, Maunder & Co. He can hardly have realised in his diffident way that he was creating a little masterpiece not unworthy of comparison in its own field with the greater Passions of Bach and the Masters of the eighteent h century. For this is a work of great devotion and flawless cra ftsmanship, written for choir a nd organ of moderate size with the kind of soloists that one would expect to find in a choir of reasonable efficiency in a parish church, with due provision made for the congregation to join in hymns to noble plainsong melodies or English tunes of the Tudor period. The result is eminently satisfying whenever the work is well sung, and in the enchanting setting of the Eastern Crypt on Ash Wednesday night the Madrigal Society sang it very well indeed. Grouped within the pillars of the main Crypt, the choir were well within the control of Edred Wright who, as was to be expected, got the best oul of his small but most competent force. T he organ is just the right size for this building and this kind of small scale rendering of the work, and with its interesting and at times dramatic part in the hands of M r. Lawrence, every effect intended by the com poser was put over decisively. ' The idea of assigning the part of the Evangelist to several voices in turn was a very happy one since it gave three tenors a cha nce in one evening to show what they could do, without exhausting any one of them, and each voice in turn seemed even better than the one before. In this work, as in the Bach Passions, the Evangelist has the lion's share and lhe other voices have small parts. A special word of praise, however, is due to the excellent treble voice which sang the descant solo over the third verse of the hymn My God, I love Thee. This setting of Tallis' "First Mode Melody" is one of the gems of the work and the pathos and digni ty of the last verse was on this occasion almost the most moving moment of the evening.

It was a pity that the congregation did not make much attempt to sing the congregational part provided by the score, and one might have thought that in Canterbury there were enough people of discernment a nd understanding, both of good music and true religion, to have produced a much larger company to listen and worship even on a rather cheerless wintry evening. (No doubt an advertised performance of Olivet to Calvary would have packed the Nave.) Perhaps those who did take the trouble to come were not only delighted with the quality of the performance but also by the appropriateness of the setting, for in this place where the story of the Passion of our Lord was sung lay for fifty years the bones of St. Thomas of Canterbury, whose martyrdom in the church a bove is without doubt the most movi ng story in the history of our Ancient City and its cathedral church.

D.I.H. 359

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EDWARDIAN THEATRES AND ACTOR MANAGERS Introduced by Mr. S. S. Sopwith, Mr. Macqueen-Pope informed his audience that he intended to abandon the original title of his lecture in favour of what he called "entertainment", in view of his two hundred year old connection with the theatre, and the doubts that must have lurked in some minds about the amount of interest to be found in "Edwardi an Theatres and Acto r-managers". This decision not to limit himself to any specific sphere of the theatre was most wise. Mr. Macqueen-Pope told us he was concerned with considering the truth about the theatre and the fi rst tru th he presented to us was that everyone in the theatre was mad. Even to King's Weekers this statement seemed somewhat immoderate; but who could dispute his assertion that actors, in trying to be someone else, were indulging in o ne of the peculiar characteristics of lunatics? He went on to provide us with examples of this mad ness affecti ng other people who came into contact with the theatre: architects, in their designs, have left out such essentials as the stage, passages between dressing-rooms and the stage, entrances to the dress circle. The ordinary theatre-goer, he assured us, went to the theatre to eat and drink- a fact borne out by the excruciating crackle of sweet papers during the performance and the takings of the average theatre bar during the interval. Perhaps it was here that Mr. Macqueen-Pope reached his climax with the story of the gentleman in the circle who, being more ambitio us than the majority of his fellows, had bought a pork pie to eat during the play; the trouble started when he accidentally dropped it into the chandelier which hung over the stalls ; after a few minutes the gas began to heat the pork, wafting its odour to all corn ers of the theatre and utterly capturing the attention of the whole aud iencc! However, Mr. Macqueen-Pope obviously came to his own in his descriptions of various actors who have been famous or otherwise in theatrical circles. To read the life of Charles Macklin in the Dictionary of National Biography and then to hear Mr. Macqueen-Pope talking about him have very li ttle in common; needless to say, the latter experience is infinitely superior. Macklin's contribution to the theatre was in the introduction of naturalism to an art which was hitherto almost purely elocutio nary. His rendering of Shylock seems to have been qu ite terrifying; even the Philistine, Geo rge II, recognised this and suggested to Walpole that he should send the Opposition "to the theatre to see that Irishman p lay Shylock" in order to frighten them into submission. Whether Walpole made any effort to adopt this suggestion is not known, but we do know that the Opposition went on to make such use of the stage against him that he passed the Playhouse Act; that this product of mean Party faction should still survive reflects no credit on either Walpole or any subseq uent Government. I n his own recollections of his days with a touring company, Mr. Macqueen-Pope had many fascinating tales of the various measures taken by acto rs to avoid the discomforts of "drying up". He recounted the time when, while playing A Midsummer Night's Dream, he substituted passages from the ghost's scene in Hamlet in answer to Theseus' enquiring what his qualifications were; one of his fellow-actors, whenever he got into difficulties, was in the habit of reciting one of the more remote passages from Love's Labour Lostthe tragedy of this came when the company actually got round to playing it, and the gentleman in question found himself q uite unable to recall the particular passage. As for the theatre today, Mr. Macqueen-Pope saw no reason for despair; the adven t of television should be welcomed as offering fresh scope and not as a competitor. He thought 360

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that the modern trend towards more and more naturalism ("slop on, talk upstage .... ") at the expense of the more classical qualities was also by no means to be deprecated but rather to be seen as a sign of the times; perhaps this was the only point at which some would have expressed disagreement. Mr. Macqueen-Pope held that the creation of illusion was the object of the actor; there are many who would prefer to say that to aim at complete illusion is to aim for the unattainable and that the job of the actor is to help the audience conceive, rather than to help them be deceived. But to pick out points such as these is fastidious; the fact is that Mr. Macqueen-Pope gave us what he promised a nd gave it in good measure; his subject-matter was wide and, as we expected, his powers of expression and ready wit were a positive delight. H .A.S.B.

DICKENS' READING- "PICKWICK PAPERS" ROGER TRAFFORD SUNDAY, 2ND MARCH,

1958

Of all the works of Dickens, Pickwick Papers, which he himself describes as "being designed for the introduction of diverting characters and incidents", lends itself perhaps best to presentation in the form of a series of sketches. Mr. Trafford exploited these dramatic potentialities to the fu ll, and, in spite of the difficulty of giving such a reading in a large hall, managed at the same time to speak clearly a nd distinctly throughout the evening, a virtue much appreciated by his a udience. The passages which he chose were taken from various parts of the book , but at the same time a thread of continuity ran throughout, for they were all concerned with Mr. Pickwick's unfortunate entanglement with his landlady, and its even more unfortunate consequences. Throughout the evening, characters were brought to life qu ickly, skil fully a nd distinctly, and particularly impressive were his portrayals of Sam Weller, full of cockiness and quick wit, and of Sergea nt Buzfuz, who is so determined to win h is case that he is even a ble to find a passionate declaration of Mr. Pickwick's love for Mrs. Bardell in a note from the former asking her to obtain some chops and tomato sauce!! At the same time, Mr. Trafford made the most of the many shafts of Dickensian wit, as fresh today as they were 120 years ago-"If you ever has the gout, sir, just you marry a widow with a big loud voice, and you'll never have the go ut again". But the climax of the evening came when he read a long extract from the trial scene, for Dickens' somewhat cynical but none the less amusing view of the law and its workings was admirably brought out. Particularly amusing and skilfully done was the cross-talk between Sergeant Buzfuz and Sam Weller, the former portrayed with just the right touch of superiority, the latter of cockiness. But the most striking portrayal of a ll was that of Justice Stareleigh, a fat, short man, who "seemed a ll face and waistcoat" and "rolled in on two little Queen Anne legs", cynical, quick-tempered, and of a generally acid disposition, and certainly of little value as a lawyer-"he read to the jury as much of his notes as he could decipher at short notice". The performance as a whole was thus most enjoyable, a nd it says much for Mr. Trafford's skill that his a udience were at first largely disinterested but a t the end showed warm apprecia tion of the reading. D .J. E. 361

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WALTER DE LA MARE RICHARD CHURCH, EsQ. Mr. Church, talking to a group of senior boys in the Societies room on March 21st, dealt fint with that elusive quality in de la Mare of responsiveness. He would extract the ideas of any conversant from him almost without his realizing it, and was himself a distant genius whom it was hard to know fully. The most significant trait in his work, and that in which he found his fullest poetic expression was a Ja nus-li ke backward moving quality. He groped backwards yet deplored his own remoteness. In describi ng this, the corpus of de Ia Mare's philosophy, Mr. Church gave us a clear picture of the poet's vision in the composition of lyric poetry, and in illustrating his point read to us from any essay he had written during the war on de Ia Mare. This trait gave, Mr. Church said, his poet "frantic, dancing in the distance" qualityexemplified in his short story First Sight. Mr. Church then pointed out his intensity of vision and the concentration of power he could give to a situation. But there was within him a conflict "of near objects in a n ever receding plane". The essence of his poetry remains this groping backward to "a ta ntalizing doorway Jost in obscurity .... but beyond, 0 God, beyond". His power and vision were concentrated on his back-stepping poetic progress, and th is produced conflict and antithesis, and the ability to turn from the anecdotal to the terrible-from Old Susan to The Bottle. Mr. Church knew de Ia Mare and knew, too, that his apparent pessimism and absorption with futility or the macabre were not a reflection of the poet's total persona lity. He had, too, a wry sense of humour, exemplified in real life by his remark in his recorded speech a month before his death at the opening of an exhibition of his fi rst editions a nd manuscripts : "I was always taught as a child not to make an exhibition of myself". He was, too, a great master of words, and The Traveller, an allegorical poem summarising h is philosophy and his art, shows this : The silence surged softly backward When the plunging hooves were gone. But his admonition in the last line of The Vigil bears, Mr. Church said, a relevance to us in an age of complication and mechanization- "Turn each to each in all simplicity". Although de Ia Mare stands alone in literary development, Mr. Church regards him as an immortal, and said that he thought anyone who attempted to copy this man of idiosyncracy would be doomed to failure. Mr. Church's account of de la Mare's philosophy and wo rk was both illuminating about the man and about the purpose of poetry. Furthermore, it gave us an excellent survey of a poet who's work is perhaps too little known to us. We thank him for a most interesting and enlightening lecture.

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THE MUSIC CIRCLE 16TH FEBRUARY, 1958 The first concert of the Lent Term was given in the high-sounding " Palace Recital Room" to a large and appreciative audience. A newly-formed string quartet (H. Ricketts, G. Salmon, G. W. Lane and J. Polglase), calling themselves, for no apparent reason, II Quartetto Buffo, performed two short works- a quartet by Alec Rowley and another by David Stone. The second was by far the more successful ; in it, a good rhythm, sound balance, and careful intonation combined to make a thoroughly pleasing item. We hope to hear this ensemble again. Mr. Dickson provided more evidence of the versatility of the Stalf by givi ng a short illustrated talk on the instrument known in England as the recorder. This he proceeded to play with admirable technique and style, together with Messrs. Robertson and Goodes, in a trio by Telemann. This was a much appreciated item, and judging by the number and variety of instruments in the set, there is ample scope here for the future. M. M.G. Stanley-Smith and G. D. M. Parry demonstrated most ably in a duet by Mozart how the modern flute differs from the recorder in tone colour and technical possibilities. Finally, Mr. Scott and Mr. Bacon brought the concert to a triumphant end by playing movements from Bizet's Suite Children's Games for piano duet. They managed to achieve the most difficult feat of identifying themselves so completely with the spirit of the music that the aud ience felt itself participating in the performance as much as the players themselves. J.G .S. 23RD FEBRUARY, 1958 Mr. Goodes presented a recital on gramophone records. A varied and interesting programme included the Overture and opening arias from Mozart's Marriage of Figaro, Mendelssohn's Italian Symphony, the second movement of Scheherezade by RimskyKorsakov and Paganini's Moto Perpetuo with its 2,995 consecutive semi-quavers. Perhaps most appreciated was the last movement of the Violin Concerto by Khatchaturian; in this the brilliance of the solo part, executed with fantastic skill by David Oistrakh, is matched by an equally brilliant and exciting accompaniment by the orchestra. R.F.L. 16TH MARCH, 1958

Once again the success of the Music Circle Concert, which took place in the Great Hall on Sunday, 16th March, was a triqute to the ti me and energy which Mr. Sugden and Mr. Go odes had put into it. The best comment that can be made was given by an entire stranger; he had seen the notice of the concert at the Mint Yard Gate, and had come in. He asked whether this was the end-of-term concert, and when told that this was a School society called the Music Circle, said he thought that there was no other school in the country which could compare with King's for its musical ability. The concert opened with the Second Orchestra playing the Marche Militaire by Schubert, followed by a Suite by Purcell and the Minuet from Symphony No. 40 by Mozart. In the latter work the instruments were not always together on the beat, but as a whole, the orchestra played remarkably well. 363

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Five members of the Staff (Messrs. Sugden, Curry, Goodes, Scott and Lawrence) delighted us with a poli shed performance of Schumann's Piano Quintet, and this was followed by the Operatic Society's performance of excerpts from The Pirates of Penzance. The soloists were good and a tribute must be paid to the clarity of their words. D. H. B. Chesshyre called for much applause as the Sergeant of Police, and B. H . Stokes as Mabel, though sometimes singing sharp, was put into key by some skilful transposition by Mr. Bacon, the accompanist. But he sang the florid parts with a clarity that would have done credit to many a more seasoned singer. Mr. Edred Wright conducted and as usual brought out the best in the chorus with his enthusiasm. C. B. Seaman must be congratulated on a very mature performance, enthusiastically received, of the popula r Scherzo from Litolfff's Concerto Symphonique, a nd the Chamber Orchestra led by Mr. Sugden a nd conducted by Mr. Goodes, accompanied him with the ver ve and delicacy it req uired. The concert ended with the Chamber Orchestra very ably playing Suite No . 3 by J. S. Bach. l f the whole concert was perhaps a little lo ng, it was obvious that the a udience had enjoyed a varied and well-executed programme to the full. V.C.R.

MILITARY BAND CONCERT SUNDAY, 9TH MARCH,

1958

An informa l Military Band and Glee Club Concert took place in the Great Hall, and the attendance, despite the inclemency of the weather, was an exceptionally good one, including as usual many members of the Staff. The concert opened wi th the Milita ry Band playing the Ceremonial March from Verdi's A'ida. After slight initial uncertainties, a moderately high sta ndard was maintained, and something of the gra ndeur of the march was conveyed, with considera ble help from the timpani. This was followed by a selecti on from the famous musical The King and I, with music by R ichard Rodgers. Despite minor discrepancies in so me of the under parts, which could only ha ve been remedied by an unattainable number of rehearsals, it can fairly be said that the band is on the up grade, partly through the keenness and unfailing attendance of many of its members, but more especially through the vivacity and energy of its conductor, Mr. John Bacon. One of the chief attractions of the evening was Mr. Edgar Samuel, baritone, who sang on the BBC last Christmas, and made his debut before the School with a rendering of Salt Water Ballads by John Masefield, set to music by Frederick Keel. The ba llads were difficult to articulate, but Mr. Samuel sang them pleasantly and well, a nd followed them with three mo re songs, Hanging Johnny, 0 You New York Girls, and Shenandoah, in which the Glee Club took up the refrains in a lusty unison. The songs were a great success. The Glee Club under Mr. Edred Wright put up a very competent and entertaining show, singing the delightful little part song by Sir Edward Elga r, ft's 0 to be a wild wind, the Huntsmen's Chorus by Weber, Strike the ly re by Thomas Cooke, the o nly true "glee" in th is varied programme, two lighter songs: The Goslings by Sir Frederick Bridge, The Three Chafers by H. T ruhn, and finally an old favourite Old King Cole set to music by Cecil 364

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Forsyth, which was vigorously encored. Ba lance and unity were good, chiefly through skilful positioning. In a group of this sort perfect control and precision, and almost exaggerated fluctuations of tempo and volume are necessary if the music is to be alive. This has come near to being achieved la rgely owing to the lively conducting and delicate interpretation of Mr. Wright. F inally, the Ba nd returned and really came into its own in fu ll volume with Beethoven's Creation Hymn. The last item was A Fantasia on British Sea S ongs by Henry Wood. This gave ample scope for solo instruments, more particularly trumpet, cornet, horn, a lto sax and piccolo, and several budd ing instrumentalists gave a demonstration of their prowess. During the merry hornpipe Jack's the Lad, the audience clapped the rhythm so loudly that the Band was almost totally obscured. The number was loudly encored, and the concert ended on a happy note.

D. H. B.C.

THE JAZZ CONCERT On Saturday, 29th March, the School held its fourth jazz concert in the Parry Hall; some 200 comprised the audience. The loss of several players at previous concerts necessitated the formation of only two groups, together with the introduction of two guest artists. This concert seemed to have ended the forma tive period of amateur jazz as played by the School. The lack of coloured sweaters testified that good musicianship and material had at last overcome gimmick, used as a concealment of faulty playing. Dankie Browning's Skifflemen had climbed out of the pocket of Lonnie Donegan a nd were now completely at home with the capabilities of their instruments. The High Society Ramblers, led by R . Browne, who had always shown the mentality and a bility necessary for good jazz, were not scared of difficult ensemble work and split choruses, no doubt eased by the front line of two and the lack of pianist. Neither group had reached a higher standard heretofore. All this points to progress, and the Ramblers showed that they had progressed the farthest; they had abandoned Traditional for a style close to Mai nstream, although the group was small. Browne stole the last concert by his spontaneous inspiration, and his ideas now were improved by a more forcefu l attack; his solo work in Lean Baby and Lady is a Tramp was outstanding. Guard provided an excellent foil to his attack and proved equal to the occasion; his introduction to Perdido, in particular, was spirited and individual. Together, Browne and Guard were never nervous in the ensemble and were ably backed by a strong rhythm section; Lunn was a lways dependa ble, Bennett was heard perhaps too little and deserved a solo. Price, a lthough he never seemed to have planned his drumming to suit the mood of the front line, was at least eq ua l to the easy and varied beat requi red by Mainstream. The vigorous version of All the Cats showed all the group at their best, the strong right hand of Price at last finding its forte. The Dankie Browning Skiffiemen had progressed in materia l, but two of their mem bers, Matthew and Stiles, were heard too little. Of the others, Hall was a solid skiffle drummer who could exert himself on the cymbal in Frank ie and Johnny, and Bevan proved a competent substitute for the extravagant Stanway. The Skiffiemen were never wi thou t force 365

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and cohesion, and Browning's introduction to Sport in' Life was as masterly as the beat and pelvic gyration he applied to Maggie May. Moreover, whi le he seemed incapable of playing when singing, Browning gave an original instrumental number which, together with Hall on guitar, he played with Spanish, and classical, flavour. The guest artists, Tempest-Radford on trumpet and Stanley-Smith on flute, were both able to hold their own when fronting the groups. Radford's playing had improved considerably on his previous efforts and he proved as agile as Browne in the extensive ensemble and short solos of the Traditional tunes, Early Hours and Alligator Hop, interestingly arranged. Stanley-Smith was a n able flautist and improviser in Swinging Shepherd Blues and one whom we had hoped to hear more of in the programme; Guard provided a solid rhythmic accompaniment on the piano. Guard himself, on saxophone, played a ' beaty' version of Raunchy with the help of Browning. The audience themselves seemed more adult in their approach to the music than in previous concerts and provided a beat only when called for, as in the doubled-up last choruses of Precious Lord. The production, despite the usual amplifier trouble, ran smoothly and echoed the stability and certainty achieved in the music. All in all, therefore, the concert was a definite step to better, if not excellent, jazz, and the lack of technique, in instrument, arrangement, execution, and showmanship, was no longer as evident as it had been in the previous concert. Moreover, with the formation of only two groups, the best instrumentalists of the previous year had been gathered into the particular group to which thei r talents led them, skiffie or Mainstream. The over-confident, but necessary, spirit with which the earlier concerts had been met by the artists had given way to a sureness in technique matched by new material on which to work. Guard proved himself more sure on saxophone than Browne on cornet; Stanley-Smith introduced new blood into the School's competent but ageing jazz stable. The improvement was evident in this, the most impressive concert in the series so far. The bands were:The High Society Ramblers: R. Browne (cornet), B. Guard (saxophone, clarinet and piano), J. Bennett (guitar), R. Lunn (bass), S. Price (drums). The Dankie Browning Skiffiemen : R. Browning (guitar and vocal), J. Matthew (guitar), D. Stiles (piano), D. Bevan (bass), C. Hall (drums). Guest artists: G. Tempest-Radford (trumpet), M. Stanley-Smith (flute).

THE SCHOOL CONCERT ON MARCH 30TH In many ways the School Concert on March 30th was a great improvement on anything musical given in the new Hall in the last two terms. As a piece of programme planning the choice of a series of extracts from well-known classical works instead of complete works was most suitable for a school concert when the audience is largely composed of young people, many of whom are obviously either not necessarily very musical or at any rate very experienced in listening to good music. For such an audience a programme with plenty of variation utilising two different instrumental soloists, full orchestra, choir and percussion, compressing six contrasted items into just over an hour and a half was ideal, and full marks ought to be awarded to those who planned it. 366

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The orchestral playing reached a pretty high standard once the orchestra had warmed itself up with the Prelude from Bizet's First L' Arlesirmne Suite, the quiet ending of which rather took the audience by surprise. lt was a happy thought to include a movement from one of Schubert's lesser known symphonies, a nd many of the audience who only knew Schubert by the Unfinished wi ll probably want to hear No. 6 right through now a fter this hearing of the opening Adagio and Allegro. ~Âˇ The instrumental highlight of the evening was undoubtedly the . extraordinarily good performance of the slow movement and final rondo of the first piano concerto by Beethoven with Michael Sullivan as the soloist. The tremendo us applause which this evoked showed that the great assurance and verve which this gifted young player (well supported by the o rchestra) brought to the fina l movement had delighted the whole company. Hardly less impressive thoug h less spectacular was the clean and easy performance of the opening movement of the Bach A minor Violin Concerto by Godfrey Salmon. This is string music at its best, and the orchestra as well as the soloist was in very good form here. Mr. J ohn Bacon and his leader, Mr. John Sugden, led their hardworking team out of the field with a vigorous version of the March, Canzonetta and Tirolese from the Rossini-Britten Soirees Musicales. This gave the full orchestra a chance to show its forti ssimo tone-brass and percussion coming over well, and may be regarded as a consolation prize for those who had come hoping to hear the Military Band. The grand finale of the evening could not have been better chosen since the ever-popular Polovtsienne Dances from Prince igor not only gave the whole Choral Society (especially the trebles) a chance to sing with pagan and barbaric gusto, but al o the entire percussion department of the orchestra, ranged in a battery in mid-platform, a regular field day. Needless to say, under the inspired direction of Edred Wright, with David Lawrence and Robert Scott providing the accompaniment (four hands, one piano), "a good time was had by all", a nd an encore of the last section of the Danse sent everyone home in the highest spirits (despite pou ring rain).

D.I.H.

ARS MlLlTARlS Picture a rounded patch of green and brown, surrounded on ~II sides by stony history. Through grey arches, under which stout Henry a nd his wives might have passed, came that soft, sympathetic breath of sweet Boreas which with loving touch fro ze the blood of his worshippers. "All the air a solemn stillness holds ...... " Then, as if from the musical heart of Nature herself, came a stirring clarion-call to all mankind. Even the dirty-grey winged denizens of the air, making a pretty contrast with the j et-black of the sky, pa used at the so und of the harmoniously-discordant notes, floating, like the silver liquid tones of the nightingale, from the gleaming brass ..... . Around that green, on which the victor of the Armada might perhaps have bowled, came the syncopated shuffling of disciplined and booted feet. With what memories of another Henry before Agincourt did these khaki-clad knights surge o ver the verdant plain to refo rm in geometric dis-array at a whispered comma nd ? With what pride did these sons or honest English yeomen fill the sto ut, yet caressing, homespun worn by many an English Ajax? 367

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Ere even the spirit of the Black Prince had turned agai n to sleep, or the mourning rooks to evensong, the heroic sward was empty. . . . . . The heavens which had wept on the morning of Waterloo now revealed some secret grief. A muffled cheer, as if brave prelude to s9me valorous charge, rang from eager throats. Those who feared neither flood nor drought where their company's honour stood imperilled, gazed wistfully at tailored sacking and, like the French before Marlborough, scattered. "Sauve qui peut" ...... "Au cinema citoyens!" G.B.J.

AND WE BEHELD HIS GLORY Peal of the trumpets! Down comes Jericho: One short, sharp thrill, then the catastrophe. The wind percusses on the earth below And rips a wound across eternity. But look once more-gaze up and down those fields That laugh and sing beneath the summer sun. Who was the man that sowed. this crop that yields Such hundredfolds, when was the work begun? I asked; a nd then a still , small voice replies: "This was my will. The wheat which grows a round With human flesh and blood I ferti lize. My breath was the wind that pierced into the ground. The earth then bore me a son , whom there yo u see, The sower, crowned with thorns, na iled to the tree."

CANTERBURY RE-VISITED A ma istre ther was of Oxenford also, That unto our tonge hadde Ionge y-go. As lene was his face as is a rake: He was nat right fat, I undertake, But loked holwe, and somdel worn. Ful thredbar was his gowne and therto torn. Him was lever have bokes of poetrye Than robes riche, or games, or gay sautrye. A trewe swinker and a good was heIn the ga rdin he loved ever to be. Rough was his voice in speaking, as a file Or as a saw, grinding, I darste sware; smile Ful sarcasticallye he coude, a nd speke. Sooth to seyne, pardee, he was nat weke, AI small he was of brawn and eek of bones. His hair was nat like velvet for the nones. For sothe he was a worthy man withallelndeed, 1 know ful welle how men him calle.

J.M. 368

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FRAN<;OISE SAGAN: AN INTRODUCTION Fran~Yoise

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Sagan has become- especially in foreign eyes-a strong challenger for the position occupied by Brigitte Bardot as the most well-known female representative of the contemporary Gallic arts-that is if one can call the cinema an art form; in fact in France today she has probably reached that elevated and exalted position- public opinion, though not wholly in favour of Mlle. Sagan, has definitely swung against Mlle. Bardot, exasperated and sickened by the over-generous revelations she has made, and indeed is still making of her physical and mental attributes (both of which the French have seen more than enough of- one can have too much of a good thing). Outside France, however, the film star still holds the upper hand over the writer- this being due to two main reasons; the first one is the fact that Mlle. Bardot symbolizes, at least in English minds- though perhaps only in those of the majority of the younger generation, the unrealistic and highly idyllic representation of the French female in general and in particular that mystical species, the " Parisienne"; the second reason for Mlle. Sagan's lack of popularity beyond the French borders is due to the veil of ignorance and misconceptions which surrounds her highly complex and controversial figure. The aim of this introduction is to attempt to lift this veil and remove some of these misconceptions-even if its success is only partial the author will feel that his task has not been undertaken in vain. A couple of months ago the average Englishman knew little or nothing about Mlle. Sagan what he did know was probably entirely fallacious. Now, however, it wou ld be quite safe to say that his knowledge has increased immeasurably, but also it is true to say that the degree of inexactitude in this knowledge has increased in the same proportion. This increase in Fran9oise Sagan's reputation is due to the production of her ballet, The Broken Date (Le Rendez-vous Manque) in London recently. Perhaps it is wrong to call it "her" ballet for all she supplied was the germ of the idea and the prestige of her fame; indeed, this fame of hers is a perfect example of a common phenomenon in contemporary civilisation-"Iiterary inflation". Mlle. Sagan's claims to fame rest upon th.ree slim novels and "her" ballet; of course, on top of this she was grievously injured in a car accident and, also, she is about to get married- both these things have increased her fame considerably; at twenty-two she can safely claim to be the most famous li ving French person, and perhaps also the wealthiest; but it is also undeniable that at thirty-two she may have been entirely forgotten. Of a Parisian family, Fran~Yoise's academic career- after a turbulent childhood- ended abruptly after she had failed her first year's exam. at the Sorbonne and after she had decided to become a writer; she borrowed her pen-name from Proust's A Ia R echerche du Temps Perdu, which features a Princess de Sagan. Her first work, Bonjour Tristesse, stunned the literary world, especially when one reflects that the author was at the time only 18, and indeed the sales of this first book rocketed sky-hig~-not unjustifiably, for Bonjour Tristesse as a first novel shows real talent. The plot is simple, the language precise and employed with respect, the psychological details are accurate and Mlle. Sagan's wisdom and directness are especially visible in the way she tells her love stories. She has been compared- with no derogatory implication-to the late American actor James Dean; both expressed- and indeed one is still expressingthe most attractive of all emotion s, the first twinge of passion and despair, the terrible t>Jeakness of life as it can be felt on the threshold of adulthood-also some of the games ~69

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Mlle. Saga n indulged in during he r you th are reminiscent of the famous "chicken ru n" in Rebel without a Cause. Bonjour Tristesse was awarded t he Grand Prix des Critiques 1954 and praise was too high for Mlle. Sagan; the critics were unanimous in their v~rdict and· even went as far as to compa re her fa vourably with Colette-seeming a lmost oblivious of the future. Fran¢olse Sagan was thus faced with the d ifficult problem of maintainin,.g her meteoric reputation. She had to kee p up t he high sta ndard she had set herself in Bonjour Tristesse a nd indeed inany of the e lde r generation were cynical-a flash in the pan, they sa id; but f~H from it, Bonjour Tristesse was followed up with a novel of almost equa l calibre, Un Certain Sow·ire. This second work di splays the sa me vi rtues, t ho ugh a lso the same fa ul ts, as .the first one': the p lot is simpler than ever-almost non-existe nt (in its essence it is the sto ry of a· young ·.~tu9ent who · falls in love with a married ma n, a lmost old enough to be her father; he reti.J'rn s her love, though realising that th is is wron g bu t, eventu ally, decides upo n a sepa rati o1~). ln bo th novels a ll the yo unger characters move in a wo rld in which everything is ,ineaningless, including Jove, a nd they fight on in va in , trying to discover some m eanin g in life. Un Certain Sourire received as much success as Bonjour Tristesse and the sceptics were once more momenta rily confounded. The French teenagers took F ra n<;oise as their idol and the popular women's weeklies were-and indeed still are-incomplete without some rftSw item about her priva te life. The older write rs.:_suc h as Mauriac and Maurois-smi led down approvingly from thei r lofty pedestals but on the other hand many of the younger wri~ers · condemned Mlle. Saga n- probably more through jealousy than anythi ng else. It wa'S then , shbttly befo re the publicatio n of Dans un Mois, dans un An, her third novel, th:at she was grievously injured in a ca r accident. Travelling at nearly a hundred mi les an l'loi.lr, she cras hed he1' Aston Martin sports car on the way to her summer house at Fontainebleau in the Parisian banlieus. For weeks the papers spoke of noth ing else-the Algerian crisis was luc ky to get ha lf a column on the back page. The publicity was enormous a nd Mlle. Sagan's fame grew and grew to b ecome exaggerated ou t of all proportion. One felt t ha t it was a lmo st a n a nti-climax when her robust constitution pulled her out from ?eath's clutches and eventually restored he r health. After a con.v alescence lasting four or five months, Mlle. Sagan went through the ma nuscript of Dans un Mois, dans un An and m ade several a lterations, incl udi ng a change in the title (she had o riginally called her third work Les Paupieres M ortes). The book was finally published about six months ago and so far opinions on it have differed considerably. One thing is certain, Dans un Mois, dansunAn is not in the same class as its two p redecessors and t his does not mea n that it is in a higher class. The sam e youthful despair which we saw in Mlle. 'Sagan's first two novels is still present but this time, instead of being felt by one o r maybe two characters, it is shared ou t amongst several, so me of whom are much too g ld to feel it convi ncingly. But, Dans un Mois, dans un An is by no means a complete fa ilyre-the novel reveals sudden flashes of a quality absent in the ea rlier books-an ironical .sense of humour, fa intly suggestive of some of Aldous Hux ley's works-perhaps Crome Yellow or Antic Hay (especially i n her. d escript ions of the aimless, raffish people that hang around at literary pa rties all over the world- also parodied in Crome Yellow and Antic Hay). By now it must be obvio us that M lle. Sagan's appeal is directed especia lly towards the younger generati on ; she flatters the tastes of all those who "want to live" because she writes about· cars and whisky a nd sex with the most complete authority. But h er great merit is

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that she never gives us the feeling that these things are brought in for their own sakeand indeed they a re not. Her heroines sip their whisky, are driven in cars and taken to bed, yet the emphasis is not on the actio ns themselves but on the exact nuance of discontent or happiness which they find in these delecta ble actions. But the appea l of Franyoise Saga n's novels is not directed solely towards her contemporaries: the disillusioned middle-aged find comfort and distraction in her books and at the same time the glamorous elements of idleness and freedom would appeal to the ordinary working people. Mlle. Sagan's own litera ry tastes tell us something of her ai ms and intentions in writing: she favours Racine and Stendhal a nd, nearer us, Sartre. Her declared intention is to explore the human heart and her only real interest is in personal relationships-treated from a femin ine point of view and on the purely sentimental level; yet her subtle psychology cannot fail to rem ind us of Stendhal and even perhaps of Racine. A word or two about the " Sagan" ballet- Le Rendez-vous Manque. Whilst in hospital, recovering from her accident, Mlle. Saga n produced the outline of the ballet whilst a young composer friend of hers, Michel Magne, raised the necessary capital and also managed to get Roger Vadim- Brigi tte Bardot's ex-husband- interested in the scheme. A subsidy of 2,500,000 francs was somehow extracted from the Ministry of National Education, and when the Press protested that the Ministry was financing obscenity, Vadim retorted that th is was better than spending it on Algeria. The row was tremendous-the Government rocked and the subsidy was wi thdrawn whilst Mlle. Sagan tried in va in to understand what the fuss was about, calmly declaring that the whole thing bored her. It is best to pass over Le Rendez-vous Manque quickly and to look upon it as an unfortunate mistake. What of the futu re? Franyoise Sagan has enough talent to allow her to go on writing, even when her despair is alleviated, as it probably will be, by her marriage, to one of her publishers, Guy Schoeller. After a short rest she should develop into a really serious writer and be cured of the highly contagious disease which seems to be affecting most of the young writers of today. Sooner or la ter, yet without losing any of her psychological awareness and without discarding the fascinating light touch of her language, admirable in its preciseness and purity, we must hope that she will cease being an "angry young woman" and become a really mature writer.

R.J.B.C.

A LATIN LESSON or A CLASSICAL HARK Five minutes master waiting And his doubtful mood debating ; Rest of lesson concentrating, While the master, wrath abating, Is, like us, the lesson hating And the bell anticipating. D AVID

BRISTOW

[This poem is a reply to the poem "Recipe" which appeared in the last issue of "The Cantuarian" .-Editor.] 371

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"LES JEUX SONT FAITS" Now you have been at King's for some time, most of you will have heard of the word "rugger"; some of you may even have indulged a bit, and it is to you that I address my little explanatory article. If you are one of the Top People, you will have read a paragraph in your daily rag which went li ke this: "The vanished days of youth are never more keenly regretted by the elderly men, when, from a touch line, they see a spirited football match between teams of healthy, ardent schoolboys, obviously enjoying every moment of play, reaching heights that almost justify the use of superlatives". Not all of us are left as ecstatic as this by a rugger match and l hope yo ur curiosi ty (which Arnold* has assured us is the very foundation of the desire fo r culture) will keep yo u reading. Only biologists, who know that all the vices of mankind are common courtesy among apes, will be quite unmoved by the terrible implications of this article. Rugger was first played in 1823 when William Webb Ellis, accidentally or otherwise, handled a ball in a game at Rugby School. The Encyclopaedia Britannica tells us that the "two requisite conditions fo r its enjoyment are a cool atmosphere and a soft though firm turf"-it makes no mention of the thirty vital morons. The game itself is one of rapid ,contrasts, so rapid in fact that one's faith in Hegel's Theory of Conflict is instantly reaffirmed, though one's doubts about its "purifying" effects remain as strong as ever. At the start of play, the two leaders fraternize with e~ch other and then, to our consternation, instantly order charges which are carried out with the utmost vigour. Resorting to the Encyclopaedia Britannica again, we find that the point of the game is to "carry the ball in the direction of the opponents' goal-line by a set<ies of short kicks in which the players run after the ball as fast as possible, while their opponents lie in wait to get the ball and either by a kick or other device stop the rush"; the devices mentioned at the end of the quotation would, in court, render necessary a charge of "assault occasioning bodily harm". Those who have seen what addicts describe as a "hard game" will fully appreciate that the Englishman who shouted " Decrassez-vous"t at Paris was committing a severe Freudian error as well as making an effort to vent his opin ions. At the end of it all, even the most liberal minded will wonder about a game in which at one moment we find A, entirely unprovoked, attacking a fellow citizen in a most heinous fash ion and then, having torn him to the ground, saying "Sorry, old chap" and slapping him lightly in the tummy; nevertheless, the third of Nietzsche's four cardinal virtues was "generous to the va nquished". Curam gero cutis is a handy motto for the luke-warm to sow on their rugger shirts. The literature on rugger is, rightly, somewhat sparse and the amount of interesting stuff is even sparser; however, if we treat rugger as the natural outlet for the forces which have been built up in the young man's repressed libido, things become more interesting and we find that, although rugger was only invented in J 823, psychologically speaking it was in evidence long before that date. When the riff-raff of ancient Rome yelled for panis et ludi, they were after much the same sort of thing that we seek from rugger today-an opportunity for irresponsible horse-play (N.B.-The use of the term "colt" is no accident) . From T acitus' description of Nero, we can see that he would have made his mark on the rugger field; such phrases as veteram inpudicitiam atque infamiam in eo secutus and in omnes libidines e.ffudit give us the clue and might be loosely rendered as "he had all the qualities of a forward" a nd " he came on games again". However, one must beware of finding instances of references to ntgger which are not genuine; as an example of this, it can safely be stated that the scholar who thought that Shakespeare's reference to a chap " lolling up a nd down to hide his bauble in a hole"

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referred to the selection of a site from which to attempt a conversion, was definitely wrong; Âˇ also wro ng is the gentleman who thought that when Dr. Johnson mentioned the " last refuge of a scoundrel" he was referring to the second row of the serum. Poets today can let their enthusiasm for the game go unbridled; listen to Housma~: Ay, the ball is flying And the lads play heart and soul. Auden, however, is more sceptical: Behave absurdly enough To pass for one of The Boys, At least appear to love Hard liquor, horseplay and noise. Philosophers, too, have not fo rgotten rugger in their meditations; Hobbes (Leviathan) contrasts the state of nature with the ru le of peace a nd order: "worst of all, continuall feare, and danger of violent death, .... . solitary, poore, nasty, brutish and short" ; we must agree that thirty minutes each way, contrasted with the allotted "threescore years and ten", is to be described as short. Collingwood refers to Games Men in general and refuses to waste much time on them: "but they must have some compensation for their frustrated intellects; and this they get in athletics, where nobody minds how hard you work, and the triumphs of the football field make amends for the miseries of the classroom" (Autobiography). FLOREANT PHlLISTINI

â&#x20AC;˘Not that one! t"Stop fouling."

THE VAULT The candles threw a soft light upon the crimson of the pall. The archbishop clasped his long, delicate fingers upon the faldstool set at the head of the catafalque and the solitaire emerald of his ring reflected a sullen glow, echoed in the winking magnificence of a thousand gems set in the ducal diadem. Massive, it rested upon its ermine beside the wax-cold brow it had so lately crowned. Karl Peter had lived unloved and withou t scruple and died unlamented. His death gave relief from oppression, and put an end to a brutal autocracy. Now he was to be commi tted to the tomb, for ever. The widowed duchess, her face marble white and shrouded in filmy jet lace, waited beside the bier, and her fingers moved restlessly over her rosary and the dia mond cross a.t her waist. A chaplain, ill at ease in the presence of such noble dead, stumbled on the threshold and the silver bowl of holy water which he was carrying fell to the floor. He stooped to retrieve it, and returned to the vestry. The archbishop swept his cope aside in a swift movement of vexation and stood with head turned to tbe curtained doorway as he awaited 373

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the man's return. The duchess fixed her clear eyes upon him as he re-entered and he turned hastily away to hand the brush to the a rchbishop. He dipped it into the water, then spr inkled the duke's form, murmu ring the offices for the dead. The chaplain gazed at the drops, as they settled on the stars of Augusburg and Friedrichshall emblazoned on the duke's breast, and he looked upward to the tight-closed lids, firm but seeming almost ready to spring open. Silently, eight officers of the persona l bodygua rd moved into the cha pel. They lifted the splendidly clad fo rm fro m the bier to the satin-lined coffin a nd beside him they placed his great sword in its gold-bound sheath whose blade had driven the peasants to slaughter and flame at Dettingen. They bore him to the waiting gun-carriage and the bell above the chapel boomed a doubtful lament as the procession moved slowly ofT. The duchess sat tense upon the cushioning of her carriage eyeing the populace who stood bare-headed to watch the cortege pass. As she thought of life witho ut the duke, she became aware of the festoons of black crepe clinging to walls and windows. She knew they proclaimed a public grief while hiding a persona l joy. Karl Peter was their late but not lamented lord, and he was pass ing them by for the last time. From the seemingly end less requiem in the cathedral he was borne in state to the Friedrichshall-Augusburg vault. The duchess scattered earth a nd ashes on the bier, and amid a silence broken only by the soft swing of the.thurible chains, the coffin was lowered on silent pulleys to the flint black depth of the ancestra l tomb. As she turned away, no tear dimmed the duchess' eye. But she shuddered slightly in the damp atmosphere, and she remembered the blackness into which she had seen the coffin sink. The archbishop's composure relaxed slightly as he gripped his pastoral staff and moved with steady tread back into the sunshine . ... . . A faint stir in the deep blackness of the vault punctured the vacuum of stillness surrounding this shrine of mortality. Something lived among so much dead. Karl Peter became increasingly aware as he swam to conscio usness, fi rst of the stiffness in his limbs, and then of constriction . H e could not m ove o r see. He tried to sit up and struck something hard inches above his head. In sudden panic, he lunged upwa rds, and the coffin lid fell with a dull crash to the floor. But there was no flow of sweet, fresh air. H e could only feel the pungent odour of dust and decay clingi ng to his nostrils. His fingers shook with terror as he felt the grim outlines of the coffin in which he Jay. Jumping to the floor, he groped blindly forward, and fell against a low stone shelf. He felt downward and his fingers touched the copper bands and bosses of a coffin, li ke that in wh ich he had seen his father laid. A tinsel flash of realisation seared his brain, he fell to his knees, half insane, terrified . He knew he was buried, alive. But in that same moment he remembered his sword. He crawled back across the floor and his hand fell across the scabbard. He had found his deliverance, but in his relief he longed only for life, for escape, for daylight. Then he saw again Michaelis' cool grey eyes as he left the council chamber for the gallows. He heard the shrieks of the peasants at Dettingen, and smelled the acrid black smoke rising from it. He stood up, and felt his way carefully back to the coffin . Lying back, he threw open his topcoat and the stars of Augusburg and Friedrichshall rasped his knuckles. Slowly, he drew his sword, poised it, lunged, gasped. The face of Michaelis danced before his eyes, he saw the duchess handing him his glass before he retired to bed as he felt that same strange heaviness. Cannon boomed in his ear and fire crackled as he slipped into mortality.

J.G.V. 374

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THE BELL HARRY WINDLASS We reprint a passage from the Reminiscences of the Reverend George Gilbert, who was Prebendary of Lincoln and a King's Scholar. In it he describes an incident connected with the windlass pictured opposite. "The following relation told to me when a boy, made me shudder: ln the centre of the louvre or lantern of the Bell Harry Tower is a circu lar aperture, closed by a wooden trap-door. In the Chamber above there is, or there was, a windlass for drawing up rolls of lead or other materials for rep~iring the higher parts of the to\Ye~ or of the roof of the Cathedral. One of the workmen in the employ of the Chu rch .was deaf. He, on one occasion when the windlass was to be put into operation, was stationed in the upper chamber, and when the workmen below brought in any load and had fastened it, they pulled the rope as a signal and he began to turn. Mr. Simmons, vestryman, predecessor of Thomas Wright, was in Becket's or the Upper Chapel, when looki ng westward he saw a boy holding the rope rise above the organ. Thinking this some boyish folly yet terrified for the consequences, he hastened down thro' the Choir. He was in terror when he saw the boy nearly at the top and then saw him rapidly let down. He did come down in safety without falling, but with his hands dreadfully lacerated and almost lifeless with pain and terror. It appeared that this boy, a King's Scholar, coming in at the South Door, which was open for the workmen who were unloading their lead and material outside, saw the rope pendant and taking hold of it and pulling it, the man above began to draw him up. The poor boy thought it was fun and that he would only draw him up a few yards and then let him down. However, he soon fou nd that he was being gradually drawn up, and so held as tightly as he could. When the deaf Jflan, at length .saw him, instead of landing him, he immediately, in fear for the boy, began to wind the rope back and to let him down. This rendered the danger do uble. He came, however, d<;>wn without a fall. I have in vai n tried to discover the boy's name."

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THE CHORAL SYMPHONY Unquestionably one of the greatest of all symphonies is Beethoven's Ninth in D minor, the "Choral Symphony", because of its sheer strength and nobility of expression. Its overall effect can completely captivate an audience, so high is its psychological plane and so intense the emotions it expresses. Although at times it seems to pass the limits of artistic expression, it remains, from the first mysterious notes of the opening to the last furious coda, one of the supreme creations of the human mind. As with any work of this nature, many questions arise over it. Why is there a choral finale, and why is Schiller's Ode to Joy used for the words? The ideas of the composer become clear through his letters and notes, and one can see the struggle he had to finish the symphony to his satisfaction. Beethoven was a true son of the revolutionary spirit prevalent in Europe at the turn of the nineteenth century as a result of the French Revolution. He had often suffered at the hands of the aristocracy in early life, and made no bones about his socialistic ideas. He was also a great thinker, and in his many hours of meditation after deafness came to him, he made careful studies of the writings of Rousseau and others, as well as the classical authors. Schiller's Ode to Joy , which, by virtue of its hidden meaning, could be called "Ode to Freedom", was written on the eve of the French Revolution. Beethoven had a particular liking for it, and the idea of setting it to music was in his mind for a long time. In 1805 he wrote a choral fantasia for piano, chorus and orchestra, which was his first attempt at writing in the style of the Ninth Symphony ; the fantasia is a fine work, and, although bearing marked likeness to the later symphony, is an important work in its own right. In 1813, after the composition of his Eighth Symphony, the idea of a choral symphony came to him. Although hampered by his brother Johann's son Karl, who after Johann's death was put in his charge, he made considerable progress in planning the symphony in the next few years. First of all he considered writing an additional symphony to the Choral, but he became so preoccupied with the latter, that the former was in time abandoned. The Choral Symphony was to have the conventional four movements. The first three rr:ovements were planned accordingly, but Beethoven sensibly realised that after the colossal first movement a Scherzo would be better than an Adagio, which comes as the third movement. He did not use the whole of the Ode to Joy , neither did he put the parts which he did use in any particular order. It took him some time to edit it for his own purposes, but the question which caused him most anxiety was how to introduce the Ode in the last movement. His first idea was to let the bass sing "Let us now sing to the immortal Schiller" and to proceed with the edited Ode, but he then thought of a much better scheme for the movement, which he finally used. The movement starts with a shattering discord and a subsequent clamour from the whole orchestra, and then the 'cellos continue with a long recitative, in which all the themes of the first three movements are reviewed in turn and dismissed. The first suggestion of the "Joy" theme comes from the woodwind; the 'cellos take this up quietly, after which it is played by the whole orchestra. The shattering discord of the beginning of the movement is repeated, but this time it is answered by the bass soloist, who sharply silences the outburst. 376

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v '

...

The movement proceeds with the Ode, as edited by Beethoven. It is in three principal sections ; the main theme sung by the soloists and chorus, the Turkish march with its imitation of a German band employing all the percussion effects then known, and lastly, a return to the main theme enlarged with a magnificent chorale-like passage and fugal va riatio ns. The other three movements a re unquestio ned irt their excellence. The first is a colossal piece of work, followed by the mightiest of all scherzi. These two movements are finely offset by the ethereal beauty of the adagio. The three movements, which are the peak of Beethoven's symphonic music, reach a level of perfection which he never before achieved. To some listeners the last movement is a disappointment ; they find it disj ointed in effect and the ra ther comical middle section comes as too much of an a nti-climax after the drama of the o pening. Certainly it is in this movement that Beethoven's art seems at times to transcend the medium he is using, particularl y in the demands made on the singers. But to other listeners the fourth movement is the fulfilment of the other three, and they are prepared to accept its imperfections when set agai nst the general grandeur and nobility of the theme. The symphony was given at an Academie concert in Vienna in 1824 with parts of the Missa Solemnis. A great storm of appla use came at the end, inaudible to the composer, who had to be turned by one of the soloists to realise, by the waving of hats and ha ndkerchiefs, the effect on the excited aud ience. Composers since Beethoven have attempted choral symphonies- Mahler comes to mind- but Beethoven's remains the Choral Symphony, for it attai ns peaks of perfection never attained before or since. A good performance of the Ninth is a great spiritual experience; certainly this symphony should be regarded as the height of Beethoven's achievements. M.R.H . .

"SPRING EVENING" Wind rustles the leaves Of sycamore scythe-stirring And blows wood-smoke across the tallow moon, Tonight the whole of nature quivers In ecstacy of spring. Day-long drifting down the sun's rays Rooks return on the ebbing light to roost, Across a sky cloud-curdled, Blue and pink a nd amber. Under the trees the limpid waters gleam and glow. In luminous harmony under the moon Where willow trail their pliant limbs Over lus h reeds and idle pools. Youth a nd freshness, soft moulded line Of landscape smooth over the warm earth. CALIGO ~77

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TOLKEIN'S "LORD OF THE RINGS" The age of the romance seems to be over. The Genre itself is in full decline; the name is now applied to sentimental stories. The epic also is fallen from its high place; the last attempt at one in English may be The Idy lls of the King. No Homer has emerged to . ~il)g the triumphs of the machine age; nor does one seem likely, unless a " Sputnikiad" is ~bou t to appear from Russia. The public is no longer interested ; it has moved on to f!Ovels and biographies. And it is for this reason that Professor J . R. R. Tolkein's Lord of the Rings is of great interest ; for this remarkable (if not great) work is so far the only mid-twentieth century epic to appear. One thing is indisputa bly remarkable about the book ; its length. It is not usual in this short-winded era for a novel to exceed a thousand pages; and yet The Lord of the "Rings is slightly longer than the Iliad. This length is paralleled only by the complexity a nd generosity of plot, which is centred on the defeat of the evil Lord of the Rings. This potentate (otherwise the " Dark Lord" or "Sauron") is the incarnation of evil in a mythical age, who has created various Rings of Power which he has given to the rulers of Elves, Dwarfs and Men to enslave them to himself, retaining a controlling Ring for himself. He gains control of most of these, but loses the chief one. His opponents, foreseeing his attempt to enslave all races, decide that this Ring must be destroyed; but this can only be done by throwing the Ring into a volcano in the midst of Sauron's domains. The possessor of the Ring, Frodo Baggins, a young "Hobbit" (a smaller species of man), is chosen as Ringbearer, and a Fellowship of the Ring is formed to aid him. In the middle . of the journey the companions are separated ; Frodo continues into Sauron's doma ins, while the others go to help the countries round about to resist Sauron's attack. These repulse the assault, but are entrapped by Sauron's a rmies, and are on the point of defeat when Frodo destroys the Ring. Sauron, deprived of his power, falls, and Aragom, one of the companions, becomes overlord of Middle-Earth (Tolkein's term for the world). Such a summary does no sort of justice to the plot; indeed, it merely makes darkness perceptible. The only real method of coming to grips with the book is to read almost all of its thousand pages. The plot has huge ramifications; and yet it is perfectly controlled. The care of the author even runs to constructing philologically sound languages for his peoples, and History for his nations. Even a separate calendar appears. These are, of course, not recommendations in themselves; but they show the great care which the author has taken with the book. Enough has been said to show that the book cannot be disregarded; at the least, it is a sad monument to over-fervid imagination ; a t the best it is a noble classic of our age. And yet it seems to have been largely ignored by most of the reading public. It received its due of criticism, ranging from "it is not too much to say that in this book romance gorgeous, eloquent, and unashamed has returned to the literary scene" (C. S. Lewis) to "The Homely Customs of the Horrible Hobbits" (The Critics). But with the general reader a "Conspiracy of silence" has descended on it. It has a small clique of "fans" for whose condition addiction is hardly too strong a term ; and elsewhere a vast mass of people who have either never heard of it or .who contemptuously dismiss it as " Gnomes and Hobgoblins" without having even read it. It is difficult to know which party does more damage to a book which is certainly worthy of consideration on its merits, by a far wider audience.

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For it has great merits. Taking it merely at its surface value, it tells a good story. Its characters are well drawn and distinguished carefully if broadly (which is all that is possible in a book of this size); and its action is well described with a stark economy of phrase which, in places, recalls the Norse Sagas. Tolkein also presents a world which is real, lurid and true to the inherent laws of human behaviour, and is not merely a stage setting. This is done with great skill by the supposition of the past of Middle-earth. The pictures of a place assume greater permanence and reality w_hen connected with some great event, such as a battle. This achievement of reality is one of the best features in Tolkein. But there is another impediment to Tolkein's success. It will be seen from my brief summary of the p lot that the book represents a struggle against world-wide tyranny. The obvious comparison is with our own times ; and Samon's minions are represented as a mixture of Nazi a nd Communist things (the book was begun in 1938 and finished in 1955). As such, Tolkein makes the story refer to the present, and gives this epic, which would otherwise be an attempt at escapism, a relation to modern events. Not all readers wi ll agree that the solution of Tolkein- that whole-hearted resistance is the only way outbut all will agree that contemporary events should merit reference. Enough has now been said to show that the Lord of the Rings is an outstanding book, if not a great one. It has, of course, its fa ults. The parts dealing exclusively with the history of Middle-Earth should be omitted at the first reading, and some of the prose is too poetic. The author is sometimes inclined to slip into the "fell they were and many fell" style. But the book is certainly significant. Read it; criticize it; even damn it; but do not simply ignore it or condemn it unread.

F.J.D.L.

"BEAUTY" l have seen so much beauty upon earth, So much that is fresh and wild, That I count my birth as blessed, And all the monotony I suffered as a child The drabgreen cup From which in spring is sprung the rose. I am like those who, seeing Beauty, cease From their accustomed 'tasks. Honours and wealth to these Are wineless casks. They have felt the blood-red grape Burst on their lips and melt away their masks. I have seen so much beauty that at night When I am lonely I am most befriended . Into whatever dark or cheerless room A hundred forms come crowded. So too in my dreams I shall share the secrets of her shining eyes. 379

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A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO THE NATIONAL SERVICE MEDICAL Those who have taken the trouble to find out what this is all about should not read this preliminary paragraph for it is addressed to those who are, so to speak, starting from scratch. The object of the medical is to find out if you are fit for service in the armed forces; your object is to show tha t you are not. The actual examination falls into two parts-mental and physical; during the first, you must show yourself to be, at best, a psychopath and in the second a chronic wreck. The examination will last about three hours, of which two will be spent waiting; a minimum of twenty cigarettes should therefore be reckoned on. Finally, since the atmosphere throughout is, if anything, more unaccommodating than that at corps camp, it is a good idea to have one's lunch beforehand at Woolworth's just to get into the tempo. And now we come to the scene of action. You will first be asked to fi ll in a form giving the general medical history of you, yourself and your parents. There is no harm in doing tills fairly competently; whip out your gold-plated Parker (the rest of your select party will be cleaning their nails with the dip pens provided) and get to work compiling an account of your fight for life through the hospitals of Britain. If you know who your father is, there is no harm in describing him as a heroin addict since the age of ten. Your party will now be split up into three- one for each service; the best service for one to put one's name down for is perhaps the Navy, as this is the most highly selective and also has the fewest vacancies. You will first be confronted by a few intelligence tests; in doing these, remember that the rest of the people doing them are probably even duller than you. Finally come questions about your hobbies, achievements at school, etc.; again, exercise discretion in fill ing up this form-campanology and psycho-analysis are useful words to fling into the "interests" column. Also, you will be given a list of activities on which those you do not like must be crossed out- stri ke out all those of either a communal or techn ical nature; yo u will thus assure the personnel officer who inspects your effort that yo u are both unco-operative and useless as regards practical affairs- in short, the sort of person who helps run aircraft carriers into the North Foreland. The physical test is divided up into six sections in each of which certain aspects of your anatomy are tested. Before entering upon it, remember this cardinal point: try and build up a general impression that you are a physical wreck; however, if you decide to try and fail on one definite point, make sure you have all the aspects of it completely mastered. I will elaborate on this last point as it needs ex-planation; what I mean is this. If you decide to wear a rupture belt, for goodness sake put it on the right way up, know where and when to flinch with pain and how you originally got it. }n short, get your "facts" straight. And now to get actually started on the test. Don't imagine that it all happens as quickly as tills; perhaps it will give you an idea if I say that by this time you should have smoked about eighteen of those twenty. The first stage is concerned with nose, throat and ears; better not to meddle with these organs as ailments which concern them are somewhat complicated; however, it can do no harm to appear a little hard of hearing. Undressing follows. At examination number two, one is "weighed in", so to speak; this is also a stage in which one can do li ttle to press on further towards Grade IV (THE bottom); to give you an idea of what happens, a charming little description of yo u is inscribed on 380

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the dossier you carry round; it will read something li ke this: "Height, 5 ft. lOin.; Weight 150 Jbs.; Colour of Eyes, blue; Colour of Hair, golden; Colour of Sample, amber; Distinguishing Scars, razo r slash on rig ht cheek". Now for the works; at the eye test, appea r dumb a nd uncertain of anything. It will help immensely if you have practiced crossing your eyes beforehand-do th is whenever you are asked to look at something. The object is to get on one's dossier a remark such as "optically haphazard"-e.g., not the sort of chap to have loo king down a gunsight. There now follow three separate stages which concentrate on physique; if yo u have o ne, don't display it. You will be tested for co-ordination; during this, appear utterly out of control of yo ur extremities and when the exasperated examiner asks you how you get along in life, tell him you manage to ma ke it to the dining-hall three times a day. When asked if you have ever experienced any trouble in a ny sphere, specify insomnia and consumption, which are characteristics of general debi lity. When told to touch your toes, have the utmost difficulty in reaching your knees; none of this is very hard, but it must all be done with finesse; no mistakes must be made and at no time must a glimmer of hope of even making you into a pack a nimal to carry the Bren be allowed to appear. We will now take it that you have been through all the tests adopting the course I have recommended- that of appea ring a general, all-round, non-soldier. The final interview now takes place ; this is with the chairman of the examining board a nd is to decide what category you are to be placed in. Although you have finished your tests, your general appea ra nce still counts; appear so broken that he offers you a chair; sit in it with rounded shoulders and furrowed brow; if you really want to do the thing well, a little talcum powder rubbed on the face in the morning- this measure is obligatory for those who normally look as if they are in blooming health- will complete the job by giving a pallid appearance. For the stylist, a little pencil under the eyes gives the impression of a juvenile alcoholic insomniac. If the chairman tries a little small talk (e.g., " How do you feel about going into the service, old chap?") study your answers very carefully; they must be so indecisive that the chairman can honestly say to himself : "explicitly, this chap has told me nothing; implicitly, he has told me he is unfit for service". I f you have done rea lly well, yo u will get a Grade IV diploma; satisfactorily, a Grade III diploma; if, however, you have done badly, you will get your reward- two years with no remission for good conduct. There now remains on ly one thing to do, to make claims for subsistence, loss of pay, inconvenience, etc., etc.; if you are shrewd here, and prepared to fill up enough forms, you can come off quite well. Do your best.

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METAPHYSICS, MORALS AND PHILOSOPHY Metaphysics has influenced, and in fact dominated philosophy from the dawning of civilisation right through to the present day (viz., Croce, Santayana, Sartre). It is a mistake to thin k that it is an essentially Christian phenomenon : it existed in the philosophy of the A ncient Greeks and that of the German Romantics. To attempt to eliminate entirely metaphysics from philosophy would involve discrediting metaphysics a ltogether: it would involve rejecting the idea of first principles and overthrowing much of the con tent of the philosophical systems of the past two thousand years. Many of the precepts of Plato, Aquinas, D escartes, Kant and Hegel must all be rejected. This apparently stupendous task has been accomplished without much difficulty by the Logical Positi vist school whose leading philosophers are Rudolf Carnap a nd Ludwig Wittgenstein. Their doctrines have been presented most clearly by A. J. Ayer, and it is his views on the subject which we will shortly consider. The father of this movement is David Hume, who sets forth rus E mpiricist philosophy in The Treatise of Human Nature, published in 1763. Tt is not the purpose of this paper to go into his doctrines, which only received adeq uate recognition in this century, but Part I of his Treatise, entitled Of Morals, may briefly by summarized as follows:Hume held that the only propositions which are certainly true are those which describe "relations of ideas", by which he meant a nalytic .relationshi ps. The difference between analytic and synthetic propositions had already been defined by Kant: analytic propositions, he said, "add nothing through the predicate to the concept of the subject but merely break it up into those constituent concepts that have all along been thought in it, a lthough confusedly", while synthetic judgments "add to the concept of the subject a predicate which has not been in any wise thought in it, and which no analysis could possibly extract from it".* The difference is, in short, that the predicate in a n analytic proposition is contained within the meaning of the subject, while in a synthetic proposition the predicate is not contained within the meaning of the subject but adds something related to it. Kant illustrated the difference by the two propositions "All bodies are extended", a nd "All bodies are heavy" . The former, he thought, is analytic, because the concept of "extension" is part of the meaning of "body", while the latter is synthetic because the concept of " heaviness" is not part of the meaning of " body", but only a quality which it acquires when it is placed in a gravitational field. To deny an analytic proposition is self-contradictory since that is simultaneously asserting and denyi ng the same thing. It is, to quote Bertrand Russell, like saying "A bald man is not bald". t As Hume pointed out, only analytic propositions, which are tautologies, are absolutely certain. Hume held that propositions which describe matters of fact, i.e. synthetic propositions, cannot be rationally justified, although they can be accepted as true in so far as they are justified by direct observation. But of course, the great majority of synthetic propositionsin particular, the so-called "laws" of science-go far beyond this a nd make assertions which cannot be justified by experience. Thus Hume argued that the belief in the universal truth of scientific laws follows repeated observations of the sequences which they describe; but he denied that there is any necessity in these sequences, or even in the occurrence of the belief that they are universal and necessary. If I infer that, because all observed samples of arsenic have

* Critique of Pure Reason. t The Problems of Philosophy. 382

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proved to be poisonous, therefore all samples whatsoever are poisonous, no logical justification of this inference can, according to Hume, be given. It is just a fact that, following on the observation of numerous samples of arsenic which prove to be poisonous, everybody believes that all samples whatsoever will prove to be poisonous. But there is no rational justification for this belief; it just happens to occur following an experience of the effects of arsenic in a limited number of instances, and just happens to have proved a reliable guide in practice. There is no guarantee that it will prove to be true of all instances whatsoever. Thus there is nothing "reasonable" in the belief in the "a priori" sense. Hume reached the same sceptical conclusions about the general propositions of morality. He thought it obvious that these propositions are synthetic, and argued that they cannot therefore be "a priori". Aquinas' assertion that the proposition "Jea lousy is evil" was both synthetic (this nobody will deny) and also "a priori", was, Hume contended, not only selfcontradictory but literally senseless and baseless. Such propositions as "Lying is wrong", are, he thought, obviously synthetic in that their predicates are not part of the meaning of the subjects. The basis for these moral generalizations must be the same as the basis for the generalizations of natural science-the observation of a limited number of instances. And this is not a rational ground for asserting them. The claim that one can intuitively "know" such propositions was not grounded on fact and hence nonsensical. Hume set himself to analyse the empirical evidence on which they are based: he reached the conclusion that the basis of such generalizations is a peculiar type of sentiment or feeling. When I say "Honesty is good", I am saying in a rather specific sense of the word "like", "I like honesty". I am, in fact, describing not an inherent quality of honesty but a feeling excited in me by the contemplation of honesty. This feeling Hume called the "pleasing sentiment of approbation". Thus Hume concluded that there is nothing "rational" or " logical" in morality and that it is impossible to show, on "a priori" grounds, that moral propositions are true or false. Their truth or fa lsity depends on the purely empirical question whether or not they are accurate descriptions of the feelings to which they relate. In themselves they are meaningless, and to contend that they are derived from some transcendent factor is again an expression of personal feeling and incapable of general application. Hume's scepticism is therefore of a revolutionary character, for it implies that neither the principles of natural science nor the laws of morality have any universal necessity. It implies, also, that there cannot be what Kant was later to call a "categorical imperative" : the principle of unconditional obligation to do what is right. The " laws" of the Decalogue, for example, imply such an obligation to do or to refra in from doing certain acts. But on Hume's theory a moral judgement is the assertion that something excites a certain feeling, and there is no reason why this feel ing should be universally experienced, nor any sense in saying that it ought to be universally experienced, for the word "ought" is, on Hume's theory, itself an expression of a feeling. Thus the first principles of Plato and Aquiaas were quite unjustified, beyond the fact that they evinced certain emotions on the part of the philosophers concerned. The way is now clear for us to consider the theories of the Logical Positivist school with regard to Metaphysics, Morals, and Theology. They begin by criticizing the metaphysical thesis that philosophy affords us knowledge of a reality transcending the world of science and common sense. Later on they make it clear that one can be a metaphysician without believing in a transcendent reality: for many metaphysical utterances are due to the commission of logical errors, rather than to a conscious desire on the part of their authors to go beyond the limits of experience. 383

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The obvious way to attack a metaphysician who claims to have knowledge of a rea lity which transcends the phenomenal world, is to enquire fro m what prem ises his propositions were deduced. Must he not begin, as other men do, with the evidence of his senses? And if so, what valid process of reason ing can possi bly lead him to the conception of a transcendent reality? Surely from empirical premises nothing whatsoever concerning the properties, or even tl1e existence, of anything s uper-empirical can legitimately be inferred. This objection would be met by a denial on the part of the metaphysician that his assertions were ultimately based on the evidence of his senses. He would say that he was endowed with a facu lty of intellectual intuition which enabled him to know facts that could not be known through sense-experience. One might object tha t he was relying on empirical premises to support his statem en ts about a non-empirical world and his venture was therefo re logically unjustified. But the fact that a conclusion does not follow from its putative premise is not sufficient to show that it is false. Ayer, in Language, Truth and Logic, asserts that he will overthrow the system of transcendent metaphysics by quite difTerent methods. It may be objected at this pointas indeed Wittgenstein did object in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus-that "in order to draw a limit to thinking, we should ha ve to thin k both sides of this limit": in other words a man who is ready to prove that metaphysics is impossible is a brother metaphysician with a rival theo ry of his own. Aycr claims to ha ve got ro und this difficu lty: he will overthrow metaphysics by showing that the metaphysicia n, as Hume pointed out, produces sentences which fa il to confo rm to the conditions under which a lone a sentence can be literally significa nt. He writes: " We arc not ourselves obliged to tal k nonsense in order to show that all sentences of a certain type are necessarily devoid of litera l significance. We need only to formula te the criterion which enables us to test whether a sentence expresses a gen uine proposition about a matter of fact, and then to point out that the sentences under consideration fail to satisfy it". Before we examine Aycr's criterion, one objection to his theory should be raised. Ayer declares that " we need on ly to fo rmulate the criteri:>n which enables us to test whether a sentence expresses a genuine proposition " . Any sentence wh ich fa ils to satisfy his criterion will be r ejected as nonsense. Now Ayer is clearly asserting that his criteri on is fool-proof and that it cannot be improved upon. If we accept this, then what follows must be correct; if we reject it-a lways assuming we have good reasons for do ing so-then his theory wi ll be overthrown. As yet no ph ilosopher has provided af! alternative to his criterion beyond remarking, as Professor Ryl e does, that "an alternative which may well constitute au improvement is always a possibility" . Ayer's criterion which he uses to test the genuineness of apparent statements of fact is the criterion of verifiability. By this, we say that a sentence is factua lly significant to any given person, if, and only if, he knows how to verify the proposition which it purports to express-that is, if he knows what obser vations wou ld lead him under certain conditions, to accept the proposit ion as being true, or reject it as being fa lse. The o nly propositions which need not be verified in that manner are tautologies. Propositions which are not tautologies, and yet which cannot be verified by experience, are pseudo-propositions which although they may be emotionally significant to the person are not litera lly significant. T hey cannot be rejected as either true o r fa lse because they arc senseless. Ayer then proceeds to expo und tbis doctrine at some length . First of a ll he draws a distinctio n between practical ve rifiability, and verifiability in principle. We a ll believe many propositions which we ha ve no t taken-and in some cases cannot take-steps to verify. 384

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A significant proposition, concerning a matter of fact, which we cannot verify even if we choose, is such a proposition as"The President of the United States is in Washington today": the fact is that we lack the practical means to verify this at once, but we do know what observations we would adopt were the means at our disposal. Thus this proposition is verifiable in principle, if not in practice, and is therefore significant. Now such a metaphysical pseudo-proposition as "The Absolute enters into, but is itself incapa ble of, evolution and progress", is, he asserts, no t even in principle verifiable. For one cannot conceive of an observation which would enable one to determine whether the Absolute did, or did not, enter into evolution and progress. If the author of the remark adm its that his words do not express a tautology or a proposition that is capable, at least in pri nciple, of being verified, then it foll ows that he has made an uttera nce w hich has no li tera l significance even fo r himself. Ayer then proceeds to d istingu ish between "strong" and "weak" verification. A propositio n is verifiable in the strong sense of the term if its truth can be conclusively established in experience: i.e. , a particular proposit io n such as "the house I see exists" is strong, whilst a general proposition such as "arsenic is poisonous" or "all men are mortal" is weak. For such generalizations cannot be established with certainty by any finite series of observations, as Humc pointed out. But this does not put them, as Schlick thought, into the sa me category as metaphysical statements : the fact that they cannot be conclusively proved merely means that they a re very probable- in fact n - 1 certain. Metaphysical statements are in no degree probable, let a lone certain. And if we accept probability as our criterion of the verifiabi lity of synthetic propositions, we can fairly say that although they cannot be anything more than probable hypotheses they are sti ll factually significant. Ayer makes it clea r that even strong (particular) propositions are hypotheses: for the observer may be suffering from hallucinations, or if the fact which his proposition implies has occurred in the past (as indeed it usually has), then his memory may have fai led or deluded him (this accounts forAyer's rejection of Descartes' Cogifo, ergo sum principle). In fact o n ly a tautology can be anyth ing more than a probable hypothesis. Now let us return to Ayer's critique of metaphysics. We have seen tha t he rejects synthetic "a pri o ri" statements as li terally senseless: they only have emotiona l significance to the person who uttered them and a rc completely unre lated to the phenomenal world, inasm uch as they cannot be empirically verified either i n p rinciple or i n practice, weakly or strongly. Thus such moral pronouncements as "Murderers are bad" wou ld come under the same condemnation: this is the tenor of his critique of Et hics and Theology, when by applying the same methods as in his elimination of metaphysics, he reduces morals to a question of personal taste, as did Humc. "Murderers are bad", therefore, would be no more and no less meaningful if it was re-written "Murders !", for bad tells us nothing about murderers but only about the emotional reactions of the a uthor of the remark. On the other hand, "Murderers are tall" is factu ally meaningful, be it true or false, as it is empirica lly justifiable or confutable. "Murderers are bad" cannot be tested by the same criterion and is thus meaningless, although emotionally significant: and emotional significa nce is for the psychologist to analyse. The same may be said about political morality, as Weldon has shown in his Vocabulary of Politics. Now G. E. Moore attacked this theory on Lhc grounds that according to it, it is impossible to disp ute q uestions of value, and il is obvious, he held, that we do dispute q uestions of value. According to Ayer, because such sentences as "Thrift is a vi rtue" and "Thrift is a vice" do no t express propositions at a ll, we clearly cannot hold that the 385

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express incompa tible propositions: in fact, be asserts, we never do dispute questions of value: if we analyse such disputes closely we will see that such disputes are not, as we like to think, about a question of value, but about a question of fact. When someone disagrees with us about the moral value of a certain action, we do admitted ly resort to argument in order to win him over to our way of thinking. But we do not attempt to show by our arguments that he has the "wrong" ethical feelings towards a situation : we cannot argue with someone over his emotions: if he is angry we do not say "You are not angry", or " Your anger is bad": we merely try to turn him from his anger by presenting the facts clearly and objectively, hence when one talks of "righteous anger" one means that the person concerned has a right attitude towards a factual situation. Hence what we attempt to show is that he is mistaken about the facts of the case: his mistake is over a matter of fact from which a matter of value derives: hence we do not argue abo ut matters of value because an ethical feeling cannot be right or wro ng, or true or false: it is emotionally significant but factually meaningless. It is thus literally senseless. To ask why we express our emotions as we do in the first place, is a question for the psychologist to answer. The same conclusions may be applied to aesthetics also: such aesthetic words as "beautiful" and "hideous" are employed, as ethical words are employed, not to make statements of fact, but simply to express certain feelings. Kant's idea of a "transcendental aesthetic" and Plato's of a Divine Idea of Good from which personal expressions derive, in a greater or lesser degree, must similarly be rejected as factually insignificant. But they must be further distinguished from personal ethical concepts: nobody will deny that people have emotions-that is a matter of fact: but people will deny that there is a transcendental emotion or God because such a proposition is not verifiable either in principle or in practice as we have already seen. For to say that "God exists" is to make a metaphysical utterance which can neither be true nor false for it possesses no literal significance. Finally, let us consider an example to bear this out. Certain people say that it is logically possible for men to be immediately acquainted with God, as they are immediately acq uainted with a sense-content, and that there is no reason why one should be prepared to believe a man when he says he is seeing a star, and to refuse to believe him when he says he is seeing God. The answer to this, Ayer holds, is that if the man who asserts he is seeing God is merely asserting that be is experiencing a peculiar kind of sense-content, then h is assertion cannot be denied. But, ordinarily, the man who says that he is seeing God is saying not merely that he is experiencing a peculiar type of emotion which is entirely confined to his own mind and which has no further significance, but is also saying that there exists a transcendent being who is the object of this emotion ; just as the man who says he sees a star is ordinarily saying not merely that his visual sense-field contains a star sense-content, but also that there exists a material object to which the sense-content belongs. And, Ayer asserts, it is not irrational to be prepared to believe a man when he asserts the existence of a star, and to refuse to believe him when he asserts the existence of a transcendent God. For, whereas the sentence " There exists here a star-like materia l thing" expresses a genuine synthetic proposition which could be empirically verified, the sentence "There exists a transcendent God", cannot, and thus has no literal significance. Thus the Logical Positivist entirely rejects the possibility of religious knowledge. It is hardly surprising that the more dogmatic pretensions of th is school have been challenged by many eminent empiricists, including Bertrand Russell (viz., Mysticism and Logic) and G. E . Moore. But shorn of its extremes, its doctrines undoubtedly contain much that is salutary, and worth considering, both by the professional philosopher and the layman. DlOGENES

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A STORY FOR EASTER Everyone knew him as the Ant Eater, which, though not particularly endearing, convinced him in some curious way of nis strength. H e felt reassured that he was much respected, for the Mongai tribe were a primitive people, intensely loyal and easily led, but easily provoked. Not so long ago they had murdered and pillaged, inspired by a fanatical pride which their rulers fanned according to their will. The Ant Eater's father was such a leader ; he knew his own limitations, and extorted respect by duping them with fear of the devils, but he was wise too; he sent his son to learn the ways of the white man. For superstition could justify his own actions; it was his way of escaping, but his son would stand by himself. On his return, the young man informed his father of his desire to marry- but once only. Such a thing had never happened before, and the old man became anxious; with great reluctance and a heavy heart, he was persuaded. Two weeks after the ceremony, he was dead, and the Ant Eater was chief of the Mongai tribe. And then the white man had come, bartering his strange beliefs. They worked together tirelessly, but the chief's own popularity seemed inadequate to persuade these wild, slowthinking people that love and not fear was the key to life; until one day, an influential elder of the tribe announced that he himself believed and had brought his bewildered fami ly to his side. But in this moment of success, the white man succumbed to the stench of the jungle and fell into a delirious fever, which the new-found prayers of the old man and his family were unable to appease. The Ant Eater was alone, on both sides alarm and disbelief. But one even ing some months later, he felt he had recovered enough of the lost ground to hold his first public service. Dim fires betrayed the concentration of his audience. Someone had shouted something the back, but was quickly silenced. The service was short, and after they had returned to their huts, he wandered among the glow of the embers late into the night, his eyes fired with triumph. Even if he had not been entirely convinced himself at the beginning, he had placated his pride by proving that he was strong enough to cast the spell of his personality over his people- a nd in doing so, Christ had become real to him. If only God would supply some sign- a miracle he supposed, that would be proof to them for all time. There was a slight disturbance along the one small path into the village several hundred yards away, but someone seemed to have the matter in hand- a man, as likely as not, mauled by some savage beast. He gazed at the closely packed trees, so high that they blotted out- the moon. Could anyone tear them away, and rid his tribe of the sweat and the flies, or was it just an idle dream? They were not too far embedded in the jungle; they waved flags at passing royalty of greater lands, even if they were quite oblivious of the significance. He smiled: for a moment his face was full of tenderness. He would succeed . The elder crouched over the scarcely-breathing form, while shouting out instructions to his cowering family. The man would live, it was no more than exhaustion, and sleep was the only treatment needed. He gently released a small casket from the clutching fingers and lay back the hollow head. Sc:>on a stillness settled over the whole household. But one of the sons could not sleep, his eyes were da rting around him, and as the sun rose high above the trees, his curiosity no longer held him in check. He crawled over to the sleeping man, and sprung open the catch of the casket. His gasp of dismay awoke his brother, and the two fled from the hut into the hazy morning. Staring at them was a scorpion, made of bronze, and around it was wrapped a small piece of paper. A moment

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later the who le village was in a murmur ; you ng men as well as mothers were making their determ ined way towards the Ant Eater's hut. When he finally emerged, the crowd was menacing but silent. The young man threw the casket at his feet. The catch broke open and the scorpion rolled into the dust. The Ant Eater did not need to pick up the paper. The writing was plain enough: Kill the man who brought me, or 1 will destroy you with plague and pestilence. He knew what was going to happen. All the o ld fea rs a nd superstitions wo uld flood back into their minds, and there would be no release for him until he had renounced his Lord. He made no movement. So meone began to shout : " Kill the man" ; the cry was re-echoed, became more oppressive. He was trembling. " Listen to me"-the noise subsided- "the ma n is inn ocen t of any charge. I canno t ki ll an innocent man. Some enemy has played this tric.k, it is a test of your new found faith. There will be no plague." For a second there was silence, but their fea r was too deep-rooted for his words to find a mark. "We wi ll die," women were shrieking, "kill the ma n and we will follow your Christ." "1 will not. " " We will die." The crowd was wild wi th panic. "Kill him." The words rang in his ears. "Bring him here. At sunrise tomorrow it will ~e decided." Throughout the day, crowds assembled and dissolved arou nd the Ant Eater's hut, where the stranger had been brough t. The vi llage was humming with fear and anticipation, waiting for the ni ght and the dawn. His face was emacia ted, his body full of sores; his li ps moved continually, but made no coherent answers to the chief's searching questions. The evening wore on until the stranger was too tired even to mainta in his desperate stare. Alone through the night the Ant Ea ter sat, and wailed for God to give him a solu tion. It was fooli sh to delude himself that if he obeyed their wishes, they would fo llow hi s Christ. His faith would be lost, and he knew it. If he stood firm , they wo uld still refute him, and may even ki ll him too. He knew about martyrs. Perhaps the man was deliberately sent to be sacrificed to God, like C hrist himself. Perhaps they would believe, but they wou ld never lose their superstition. And no Christian could ki ll withou t any motive- if he himself was in fact a Christian. No one had gone lo bed that night. Long before dawn crowds were ga thered outside the hut-silent and waiting. The trees closed in on them tightly, they were back in the stench of the jungle, with no way thro ugh to the different world but o ne small path. Some of the young men were hacking at one of the trees, maki ng someth ing. Perhaps the rai ns would come, there would be no sun, no dawn, no decision. Time, for so long ignored in their sleepy existence where nothing moves on and there is nothing to slip back, obj ected to the sudden significance placed upo n it. Ever temperamental, time dawdled, the crowds were restless, hot, tired, uneasy as all crowds arc. But no trick of the mind could deceive the inevitable; the sun would rise. Eyes were fixed on their champion's hut ; a murmur began, soon it was a udi ble even behind the th ickness of the door. The Ant Eater had heard it befo re. "Crucify him." And they broug ht forward the cross. The sun was high now and burning, but still no movement from the hut. U neasiness passed into hostility. "Crucify him li ke that Christ of yours." The wiser ones sa id that the Messiah himself wo uld have the solution . T he hut was surrounded, there was no escape. Someone beat on a drum ; the door was open. 388

THE

CAN TUARTAN

The Ant Eater faced his people, strong and proud- no sign of the wea ry agony of the previous hours. Beside him, calmer, a nd comforted by the protection of a king, stood the stranger. A sudden hush clamped upon the whole assembly, even the jungle ceased to breathe, waiting for the verdict; for Christ was on trial. The cross stood by, supported by the sturdy yo ung men who had made it. The Ant Eater closed his eyes- a small gesture to the waiting men- a quick stare of disbelief and a larm- and then noise-dizzy, headsplitting noise, that could only come from savage people. He was on his couch, face downwa rds. Outside were the cries of men in ecstasy, and a man in agony. The Ant Eater wept bitterly. Someone else was weeping too.

J.P.R.

" OF THESE, THE FALSE ACHITOPHEL WAS FIRST A NAME TO ALL SUCCEEDING AGES CURST' Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl of Shaftesbury, has always been maligned by historians. Dryden in his famous and hackneyed lines said of him: "For close designs a nd crooked councils fit, Sagacious, bold and turbulent of wit, Restless, unfixed in principles and place In power unpleased, impatient of disgrace: A fiery soul which, wor king out its way Fretted the pigmy body to decay...." and Charles II named him " Little Sincerity", a brilliant, damning j ibe. Since then he has been maligned, scorned, ridiculed and hated until because of the many fa lse interpretations he has received, it has become difficult to give a clear and unbiased acco unt of hi s life and aims. For, in spite of the truth of much of the criticism passed about him, in vision and courage, he was an example to his generation. H e may have been greedy for power and have mixed his methods, but his life was spent in preserving the growing prosperity of the country as well as its liberties and privileges, against the danger of France, and the threat of absolutism.

It is true, his career has a remarkably serpentine quality. He joined Charles I at the raising of his standard in Nottingham, but by 1644 he had come to terms with Parliament and led their forces in Dorset with some success. The war over, he retired from public affairs to busy himself in local government a nd the cultivation of his extensive estates. Once Cromwell was securely in power, he emerged again to play a full part. Quickly raised to the Council of State, he soon found himself in opposition to Cromwell's a uthoritarian regime. In the confusion which followed Cromwell's death, he turned instinctively to Monck. This was a fortunate choice which rewarded him with a free pardon at the Restoration, and barony and a post in the treasury. 389

THE CANTUARTAN

In Charles Il's reign he rose to the top, and rema ined a leading political figure for 20 years. His ability was great and fully evident. The careful Burnet a llows that he had "a wonderful faculty in speaking to a popular assembly and could mix both the facetious and serious argument very agreeably. He had a particula r talent to ma ke others trust to his judgement and depend on it", and "his strength lay in a knowledge of England and of all the considerable men in it." He became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1661 and remained there till 1672 despite avowed opposition to the repressive Anglican policy of the Government. H e, like Charles, was tolerant, so this was not the issue which finally alienated them. In 1669 he supported the scheme to legitimize the Duke of Monmouth, Charles' son, to avoid James' succession. But even Charles, devoted as he was to his son, could not bring himself to thus violate the hereditary principle. Furthermore, he was becoming ever more closely allied to France, culminating in the Secret Treaty of Dover in 1670. An attempt to buy off Shaftesbury's increasing opposition to the royal policy failed, and he was finally dismissed and stripped of honour in 1673. But even then, he was not to be repressed. In an effort which marks the beginning of the modern political two party system, he fought back, leading the opposition in an unprecedented manner. He agitated for the dissolution of the 13-year-old Parliament and for the dismissal of Da nby. He aroused public opinion to fever pitch by playing on fears of a Romanist Revival, culminating in the Popish Plot: in this he gained tremendous popularity. Yet at all times, the desire for poÂˇwer was prevelant in his mind and dictated his policy ; he was always willing to negotiate. At the height of the Plot, he regained office as the Lord President of the large, new Privy Council. Charles distrusted both him and the Council, and within a few months, he was back in opposition. He railed against the prorogation of Parliament and called for the exclusion of James, in attacks marked by suitable vagueness and faction; as Burnet puts it, "He triumphed in a rambling way of talking, but argued slightly when he was held close to any point. He had a wonderful faculty at opposing and running things down ; but had not the like force in building up." But he was always ready to return to power and kept the possibility ever in sight until he was finally outmanoeuvred in the Oxford Parliament. The failure to exclude James and to keep Parliament in session ruined him . Fortunately for him, his popularity in London remained high , and Charles was thus prevented from prosecuting him. However, Shaftesbury realised all was over and fled to Holland where he died in 1683. In a n unscrupulous age, he was perhaps as unscrupulous as any. Outwa rdly his life seems unprincipled and selfish and to some extent it undoubtedly was. But idolatry of the Stuarts is as foolish as denigration of Shaftesbury. He stood in a period of change in two spheres: the change of 17th century to 18th century politics, and the change from the rule of the monarch to the ru le of parlia ment. In both of these basic and important changes, he played an important part, of which he was to some degree conscious. As a key politician his methods are important in the welding of the political change. Connected to nearly all the important families of the age by his three marriages, he rel ied on these for his position. He was related to that pa rt of the aristocracy which brought about the Revolution of 1688. This intimate "family system", and the wide patronage it controlled, became of prime importance in the subsequent century. But the real aim and importance of his life has too often been obscured beneath a host of bitternesses caused by his apparent lack of aim, his scathing a ttacks in opposition, and his seemingly all important anti-popery and exclusionist policies. 390

~ t%j

r.n

> C':) 0

Scholars leaving the Cathedral after the Lambeth Conference Service of 1908. Among them can be identified R. J . N. Norris, D . Hussey, H. Spence, A. J. T. Fleming-Sandes, A. Sargent. Behind the Scholars are Dr. Galpin (Headmaster) and the Rev. R. G. Hodgson (Headmaster of the Junior School)

Âˇl

,... Inspection of the O.T.C. by Archbishop Davidson. With him is Captain C. W. Bell, an Assistant Master. Behind is Dr. Galpin

At the same inspection: from left to right-Canon Stuart, Archbishop Davidson, Mrs. Davidson, Canon Danks, Dr. Galpin. In the background are the Rev. E. L. A. Hertslet (O.K.S., Archbishop's Chaplain) and Mr. Cape, part author of Woodruff and Cape's history of the School

Some other occasion: Dr. Galpin is with Bishop Walsh, Bishop of Dover. The Rev. R. G. Hodgson is in the foreground

THE CANTUARIAN

His rea l fear-absolutism-a nd his hatred of France and Catholicism were the motivating forces in his policy. His aim was to reform parliament on a strictly property basis, to limit the crown, to gain individual rights and liberties. It was for this that he passed the Habius Corpus Act in 1679. He has been accused in this connection of being inspired only by pride and a personal desire "to beat the ki ng" rather than wi th any genuine desire for reform and liberty. Burnet says of him, " He had such an extravagent vanity in setting himself out, that it was very disagreeable. H e pretended tha t Cromwell offered to make him king. He was indeed of great use to him in withstanding the enthusiasts of that time. He was one of those who pressed him (Cromwell) most to accept the Kingship, because, as he said afterwards, he was sure it would ruin him. To Burnett, and to many others, he must have appeared totally unprincipled. But to a less biased observer, he surely seems rather more genuine : after a ll, he had draw n up a comprehensive scheme fo r reform. H is religious policy-toleration to all except Roman Catholics- was a lso used as an accusation of lack of principle against him. But his aim here was to prevent England returni ng to Catholicism, when she would fa ll under French influence. Her trade would be seriously impaired and in turn her wealth, liberties a nd whole pattern of English life ruined. He was much more than an unprincipled self-seeking politician. Basically, his policy was always in English interests, even if his career was " serpentine". In fact, he invites compa rison with some of the more eminent politicians of to-day: both might say and do unprincipled things, but both have more to give than to take.

J.L.W.

THE RIVER OF LIFE Life ebbs swiftly and fleet-footed seconds bring on the black cap with unseemly haste. But time seems to wait as a summer's day fades to silence. The motionless river slips by; a dinghy drifts trackless to its arch under the bridge; the reaping machines whirring in the hazy distance stop ; nearby villages are d etermined by their churches, with towers and steeples floating downstream on the river mist ; and as the first high stars appear in the blue-black infinity, all life is serene and at peace with Christ. But summer is not always harmonious, oppressive fear hangs in the a ir as menacing purple thunder foregathers like Macbeth's witches. A sighing, blackening silence, a nd then rai n lashes the water, and the gusty wind whips the waves to insane fury, sending icy shivers of fear down the river. The sky lightens from the East and the storm, its harsh warning delivered, passes away. Autumn is a time of turbulent doubt and denying, a time when faith is tempered . As life fa ils the river swirls brown and turgid through fields still bearing the stigma of the ha rvest and past woods being stripped of their flesh, sweeping away all belief, leaving blind panic. 391

THE CANTUARIAN

Cold winter comes and kills unchallenged. The river slow as a funeral, pools and stills under the bridge, so that as a train si lhouetted against massing clouds clatters past, its dead shadow gliding over the opaque bible-black surface mocks the death of life. But spring always follows winter and the river animates the country-side with a new spirit of life. Life after death, the re-enactment of the miracle of the resurrection never fails. SIDON! US.

SOME LONELY IMPULSE OF DELIGHT DROVE ME TO TUMULT IN THE CLOUDS David Mason was seated at the controls of a Swift, fifteen thousand feet above the fields of Kent, testing the aeroplane. He was no longer in the Air Force and for the last ten yea rs had been working for Supermarinc aircraft. He had risen until now he was their chief test-pilot. As the Swift sped on its way, a silver dot in the deep blue sky to farmers below, his mind was not in the present, and his aircraft was not a Swift, but a Spitfire. Well be could remember everything about that little 'plane. The controls, and the comforting pressure of the trigger, which, at a touch would send pounds of red hot metal to burn a path before him. He could recall the day he won his D.S.O., a day very similar to this. The sun blazing on the ripening corn, so far below. The sounds of the other pilots congratulating him over the inter-com. still rang in his cars. He was j erked back to his senses, having landed, by the tannoy system, ordering him to report at once to the head office. On entering the office, he was greeted, to his surprise, by the manager of the firm, Sir Herbert James-Willoughby, who told him briefly that he was required to complete a job of extreme danger; the testing of a new machine for the Government. However, he would await his decision since previous tests had failed, and the pilots had been killed. Mason left without speaking to anyone and drove home to his little country cottage. Parking his car in the drive, he entered, and called to his wife, but there was no answer. He went into the sitting-room, and through the French window he saw her sta nding, her back to him, watching the sunset. He paused a moment to watch her, with the dying embers of sunlight slanting through her golden hai r. In that moment he realised, all too cruelly, how very much he loved her, and how worth while life was. This life, which in a moment could be snuffed out, leaving a blackened corpse spinning earthwards in a selfmade coffin. He opened the window, and stepped outside. Together they watched the day's final glory. A 'plane droned slowly overhead, a grim reminder of the morrow. She noticed during the evening how distracted he was, and after supper mentioned the fact. Gently he explained his task, and the necessity for prompt action. She reluctantly agreed with his decision. T he following morning, on his arri val at the a irfield, he went to Sir Herbert's office and told him that he had decided to accept the commission. An hour later, he walked out, across the apron, to the hangar in which the new aircraft was housed. On entering the

392

THE CANTUARTAN

hangar, the sight of the aeroplane brough t a low whistle to his lips. She was a smaJI machine. very low on the ground with a long, pointed nose. From then on his fears left him and he was competely absorbed in his job. The 'plane was soon made ready and dragged out onto the runway. He climbed in and clamped down the cover, then started his cockpit drill. Having received the controller's permission, he signa lled the ground crew to stand clear, and opened the throttles, running the engine up against the brakes. For a second he thought of the men who had lost their lives in similar prototype machines. He was lonely now, cut off from the world, enclosed in the cockpit of a potential killer, with the engine howling, eager to hurl him fo rwa rd at speed surpassing one thousand miles per hour. Shutting his eyes, he released the brakes, a nd he felt an overwhelming pressure, as th o ug h someo ne was kicking him in the back. He opened his eyes a second la ter, and wonderingly watched the runway flashing past beneath him. Although the sensati ons of speed a nd power were the most fami lia r things in the world, he felt as though he was an on looker, awestruck. He put the 'plane th rough the usual tests and it soon became almost a part of himself, responding to his slightest touch. For some minutes, which seemed like hours, he flew, sometimes skimming along close to the ground, and sometimes soaring high above the clouds. He was a supremely powerful creature, now entirely confident. He laughed at the sky, blue but white-flecked with clouds like the ocean, and he sneered at poor, earthbound things. Things of a world which he had left behind. When the end came it was neither with shock nor fear he comprehended it. He felt nothing but wonder, and happi ness. He had transcended the mortal, in contact with the physical power he controlled. He was above, and beyond. The wings were shorn off and the sleek fuselage plunged earthwards. He felt himself falling into oblivion, into the unfathomable depths of after-death.

J.R.B. Dorma nt thoughts recline upon a bed of apathy, Nearby an idea hovers a while then flits into oblivion ; Ungainly senses struggle in a mire of stupor. For one brief instant all is black. Fantasian shapes break fo rth from the subconscious, Etherial euphony from ecstatic spheres, Shrouded spirits of translucent vapo ur. A ringing bell imbues the air with sound, The din of seven issues from articulated noise. The struggling figures of the senses in the coma bog Assumes a sinuous bas-relief. One reaches upwards, gelatinous scum streaked claws Clutching wildly for support- the surreal shape of consciousness, Again the noisy ringing of the bell permeates the vacuum, Activity external per vades the supine brain Material sounds strange alien to an ultra world I nvades the vacuous lands of memory The helping hand of consciousness probes the torpid quagmire Releasing faculties fervently to provoke the brain benumbed. A groan, cram ped limbs expand, a moan I must get up, 'tis nearly breakfast time. 393

'l'HE CANTUARIAN

SYMBOLIC MEANINGS IN EARLY CHRISTIAN ART During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries painting was mainly religious in subject, and it was not until half-way into the fifteenth century that painters li ke Bolticelli began to paint differently. These early Christian pictures were painted to represent ideas- what people thought and believed. This the artists found difficult, for they could paint an object such as a building or a human being but could much less easily represent the idea of holiness and make it at the same time comprehensible. So a whole la nguage of symbols was developed. For example, Heaven was sometimes suggested by part of a circle, generally pai nted in blue, at the top of the picture, and God was represented by hands, or sometimes a head, emerging from the circle. Jesus was also occasionally represented by symbols. He appeared as a Jamb- the Lamb of God- or as a vine, or as a la mp or candle as the Light of the World. Christ, too, frequently figured as a fish, because the Greek word for a fish was made up of the fi rst letters of the phrase "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour" -

,x.ou,Âˇ.

Nearly everything in these pictures had some symbolic meaning. Fruits, flowers, animals, colours all stood for something. The Jamb, for instance, when it did not actually represent Jesus, was a symbol of meekness and purity. The dove symbolized the Holy Spirit and the dragon, evil and sin. Among fruits, the apple symbolized the fall of man and the pomegranate, with some of the peel removed revea ling the seeds, in the hands of the Infant Christ represented the hope of immortality. Then, among flowers the lily stood for purity and the rose for Jove. Among colours, white stood for purity, red for love, green for hope and blue for truth. Yellow had more than one meaning. Sometimes it symbolized marriage, and St. Peter- who was married-wore yellow, as did St. Joseph, husband of the Virgin Mary. But it was a lso used to suggest deceit and treachery. Judas Isca riot is shown dressed in yellow. All the saints had their own particula r symbols, or attributes and experts on this subject can tell at a glance which saints are represented in any picture. However, most people can recogn ize the principal ones and those who were most popular. Certain characters appear again and agai n. For instance, there were the three Archangels-Michael, Gabriel a nd Raphael. Michael was regarded as the head of all the angels, and he is represented as having wings and being dressed in armour, and carrying a sword and shield. Gabriel appeared in wings but without armour, holding a lily in his hand and Raphael, the chief of guardian angels, was shown dressed as a pilgrim with wings and a staff. The symbols by which the mortal saints were identified were generally connected with a legend about them or with the manner of their death. Saint Anthony, who is regarded as the father of monasticism, generally appeared as an old monk accompanied by a pig. The pig symbolized greed and sloth, which he is supposed to have overcome by Jiving in a cave for twenty years. Saint Sebastian is shown tied to a stake with arrows sticking into him. He had been a Roman soldier who had secretly become a Christian. He was arrested, tied to a stake a nd executed by archers. In those early days a great percentage of the people were completely illiterate and signs and symbols were used in every day life as much as in paintings. Craftsmen had signs over their shops to explain their special craft and soldiers wore symbols on their shields to show for what cause they were figh ting. Thus people of the day could interpret the various symbolic meanings more readily than we can. M.A.S. 394

, THE CANTUARTAN

AFRICAN TRAGEDY The year was 1858. In England philosophers were conclusively establishing along the well-tried paths of commonsense the futi lity of war. After the m ismanagement in the Crimea, the public were willing to liste n. I n addition, evangelists were exhorting the Government to take a brave lead in flinging away their weapons and thus to bring out the good inherent in the people of all nat ions. Many were looking forward to the new age of mu tual love and co-operation which woul d i nevitably follow such an enlightened act. Fired by these ideas and determined to obey as far as possible Christ's command to "Go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature", James Hutchinson set o ut fo r Afr ica. He chose as a starting poi nt fo r his m ission a small area o n t he north-west coast where two tribes had periodic contests fo r mastery. H is aim was to convert them and then to obtain peace through the d isarmament of o ne. If he were successfu l it wou ld greatly strengthen the arguments of his English friends who were battling in vain against the apparently impregnable fortress of officialdom. On the day of his arrival the heat was i ntense and the lightest garments clu ng to his sweaty li mbs with the persistence of leeches. Mosqu itoes and fleas played havoc with his body while dust stung his eyes. Butterflies provided splashes of colour in sharp contrast to the brown of the grass. Occasionally a startled bird rose, fluttered and resettled . Above, two black vul tu res circled and swooped in ever wa tchfu l monotony, clearly outlined against the blue of the skywild, mysterious, dangerous. Before long, Hutchinson's frame was racked by a fever so violent that in the greatest heat he shivered li ke a terrified child and his teeth chattered violently. Being well-treated by the tribe, he grad ua lly rega ined his strength and started preaching. For two months he toured from village to village, preaching and baptizing. Churches were built and Bibles interpreted. These conversions culminated in that of the chief and his household a mid general rej oicing. T hat evening, o nly o ne vulture haunted the skies, but even of this the heroic missionary was oblivious. Persuading the people to d isarm and by this display of Christian charity winn ing over the powerful r ivals of his hosts proved a more difficu lt task. Long were the discuss ions and many the arguments wh ich raged th rough the villages round the night fires. F inally, the whi te ma n had his way and spears were broken, bows and shields used for firewood and the village defences demolished. Two weeks later the enemy, hearing the news, attacked, and put the great majority of the defenceless natives to the sword. A few escaped death, only to be enslaved and forced to return to a worship of the spirits of their forebears. James H utchinson, following a short period of confinement, met his death a fter bruta l torture. That night, two vultures resumed their vigil over his grave, but one had a damaged wing. J.R.C.W.

395

THE CANTUARIAN

THE SCHOOL ROLL 1613-14 and 1614-15 [Treasurer's Accounts, New Foundation, Nos. 22 and 23. See note at the head of the last set or scholars.] [In 1613-14 Roger Raven and John Ludd are Headmaster and Second Master respectively. In 1614-15 they receive ÂŁ20 jointly as successive Headmasters, and John Ludd and Samuel Raven receive ÂŁ 10 jointly as successive Second Masters.] Lad. Mids. Mich. Chr. Lad. Mids. Clw. Mich. K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Collerd K.S. K.S. K .S. K.S. D owie " Whitgreave Lak[e]s sen. K.S. Wilson K.S. Austen Head " K.S. K.S. K.S. Simons " Merriwether [ Merywether] [Merriweather] K.S. Faunt [Font] Wagstaffe Colre K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Master[s) " Warham Elvin Pordage K.S. K.S. Robinson Richardson K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Dunkin " Mills sen. " Fleete Pringle " " Torney [Turney] Lak[e]s K.S. K.S. K.S. " Gorham K.S. K.S. Somner [Sumner] K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Foxen [Fox[t]on] Hues Everinge Lovelace " Knoller [Knowl[ller] " Boys Clarke Q h]rispe " Mills [junr.] Pepper " Terry K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Lamb[e) " Coop[er] Ospringe K.S. Pickard K.S. Gibbons [Gybbons] " " " Mill[n]er Whetnall " Maye [Maie] Fotherbie [Fotherby] Yonge [Yongne) [Yongue?)

.. ..

396

THE CANTUARlAN Chr. K.S.

Lad. K.S.

Hoveden Frewill [Fre[e)win) Bowie Cradwell Buckley Ansell Russell Harison Hull Dunkin Simpson White Wilcox Tunstall [sen.) Jackson Ely[e) Beane Cleggat Fox ton Broome Tunstall [iunr.] Wilson

Mids. K.S.

Midt. K.S.

Chr. K.S. K.S.

Lad. K.S. K.S.

Mids. K.S. K.S.

Mich. K.S. K.S.

K.S.

, , ,

" "

K.S.

" 1615-16 and 1616-17

[Treasurer's Accounts, New Foundation, Nos. 24 and 25. See note before 1611.] [John Ludd and Samuel Raven are Headmaster and Second Master respectively in both years.) [Jn 1615-16 the clerk has entered a full list of names for the Christmas term, but fo r the other terms has noted only those who have left and those who have come to take their places, e.g., "p[ro) Hull, Rogers p(ro) Lambe, Barton". In 1616-17, presumably copying from a rough version which has not survived, he sta rts with the Michaelmas term and works backwards to Christmas.] Chr. Lad. Mids. Mich. Lad. Mids. Mich. Chr. Fotherby[e] K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. , H oveden K.S. Tunstall [senr.] K.S. " , Jackson [senr.] , " Lakes , Collerd Master[s) , K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Dunkin [senr.] Mills [senr.) Fleet Sumner K.S. Fox ton Hues K.S. Everinge K.S. Boys Knowler K.S. K.S. K.S. Dowie K.S. K.S. Clark[e) K.S. K.S. Mills [iunior] Crisp[e) K.S. K.S. K.S. Terry Lambe Miller K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. K.S. Pickard Gibbon [Gybbon] K.S . K.S. K.S. K.S.

397

THE Whitnall [Whetnall) May[e) Cradwell Buckley Anselme Wilcocks Tunstall [iu :] Jackson [iu :] Ely Deane [clerk's mistake for Beane?] Clegget [Ciagget] Russell Har[r)ison Dunkin [iu :) Browne [Broome] Hull White Simpson Wil[l)son Coif Beningfeilde [Benefeild] [Benifeild] Turney Newland Hunt Sweetinge Hurst Gyles Ward Beacon Langworth Page Roger[s] Barton Hasclwall [Haslewall] [Haselwood] Holland Boys Whiting[e) Beane Dee Swinerton P a rkinson Osborne Hart Twine Wilmo[r) t Bull Denn Blackbeech [Biackleech] Hamond [Hammon] Newman Norwood Loddington Knell Lake Mi lner White Lovelace

Chr. K .S.

Lad. K.S.

CANTUARIAN

Mids . K.S.

Mid1. K.S.

Clw. K.S.

Lad. K.S.

Mids.

Mich.

K.S. K.S. K.S.

K.S.

K.S. K.S.

K.S.

K .S.

K.S.

.. K.S.

K .S.

K.S.

K .S.

K.S.

K .S.

K.S.

" K.S.

" "

K.S.

398

K.S.

" "

K .S.

TH E CANTUAR l AN

THE CHOIR 1 sha ll always regard Lent as the heyday of C hurch music, with pa rticu lar regard to treble solos. F. R. Hammersley and B. H . Stokes, whose voice has blossomed noticeably this term, a re to be congratulated on the musica l treats they have been giving us Sunday after Sunday : it is an honour to accompany them. After hitting the musical h ighlights with Haydn's Tile Heavens are telling, Mr. Wright wrung penitence from every one of our 90 voices in the Lenten anthems- to such an extent, indeed, that many have commented on the soft singing o f the chapel choir as its strongest point- a remarkable feat for such a large body of singers. Together with these, A ttwood's Come Holy Ghost for the Confirmation Service, the clarion Hosanna by Weelkes and the mellow tones of Brahms' magnificent sacred music, the choir can atta in adapta bility if nothing else. A. T . Selman has cont inued his splcndi.l su pervision of the choir libra ry, which, like the choir itself, is beginning to suffer seriously from growing pa ins. However, we are confident that these problems will solve themselves by the summer. Fina lly j oy must be expressed at the number of members who have begun to take an individual interest in their own voices and are having singing lessons. Mr. Wright , with his enthusiasm and advice, i.s training some of us fo r Chora l Schola rships, and three King's School choristers are attempting the Cambridge exa mina tion this term. T he valu:! of this individual p ractice, from the point of vizw of both chorus singing and the pursuit of a n enjoyable, health-giving occupation, cannot be emphasized too much, and should be encouraged wherever possible. Anthems sung this term were:let a ll the world (Chapman) Turn thy face from my sins (AIIwood) Wash me throughly ( Wesley) Jc~u. Joy of Man's Desiring (Bach) The Heavens are telling (Haydn) Come Holy Ghost (AIIwood) A t thy fee t, 0 Lord, we bow ( Bach) Thou knowest, Lord (Purcell) Blessed be the God and Father (Wesley) Hosanna ( Weelkes) Yea though I walk (Sullivan) Faithfu l Cross (King John I V of Porlllgal) Blessed Jesu ( Dvorak) Ye now are sorrowful (Brahms) Lo rd, for thy tender mercy's sake (Hilton) God so loved the world (Stainer) For he shall give his angels (Mendelssohn) C. H. B. Since these notes were compiled, news has come in that all three of our candidates have been successfu l in the Choral Scholarship Examination this March. C. H. Bayston has been awa rded a Cho ral Exhibition to Christ's College, Ca mbridge, Inniss Allen (who was for some years a tower of strength in all the School's musical activities) has obtained a Choral Studentship to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he will join Mark Deller, and N. C. Attwater has been elected to an Academical C ler ksh ip at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he will find another O.K.S., Roger Job, already in the choir. O ur heartiest congra tulations to them all. E.J.W.

HOUSE CHESS CUP Th is year it was decided to play for the C up in a knock-out tournament, as the former all-against-all arra ngement took too long in an already crowded term. The teams were sufficiently large to avoid a decision on a count of " stars", and the results a ppeared to be no less fair than previous ones. Ga lpin's and Wa lpole reached the final by beating Luxmoore and School H ouse respectively, a nd in the fina l, Galpin's beat Wa lpole by 3! points to I! points. Thanks arc d ue to G. S. Bro ok for his help in organizing the tournament.

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THE SOCIETIES THE HARVEY SOCIETY Our first meet ing was a showing of several films, which some leading companies had lent us. While these were enjoyed by a large audience, it was felt that the high quality of the photography revealed the excessive display of a company's product, limits the enjoyment of the film. In particular the monotonous pictures of a modern car on tour should be contrasted with the Standard Motor Company's show on March 15th, which provided a visual comparison between severa l makes of sports cars without a long publicity harangue. The startl ing noises which accompanied T. C. Kinross' lecture-demonstration on "Electronic music and tape recording" were received with enthusiasm and several boys helped to produce our own electronic music. Broadcasting House was visited by the President and some members of the Society on February 27th and another party was shown the British Electric Transformer works at Hayes. This full programme was particularly well attended by the Middle and Lower Schools. It is hoped to obtain a visit to Betteshanger Colliery next term. R .V.E.

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY This term's darkroom activities have been somewhat restricted by the continued presence of workmen operating within and around our darkroom. Enlarging was further impeded by an accident to the enlarger. Nevertheless the darkroom has been fairly well used by a few, but it is hoped that more people will do their own processing. Two more of Kodak's film-strip lectures were given during the term. T hey were chosen to appeal to the majority of members, who arc as yet inexperienced , and to enable them to branch off into d ifferent forms of photography. The two lectures were "An Approach to G lass" and "Taking Portraits". B.D.F.

THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY Although the Society has only met twice this term, the paucity of meetings has been more than compensated for by the quality of the lectures. Early in the term P. S. Murch gave us a lecture on ferrets and on how he used them for ferreting. He brought with him his two ferrets which were passed round so that we could see for ourselves the points he had made. They were very docile and seemed not to mind being handled in the least. They caused amusement when let loose in the Biology Lab. and when made to crawl through tubes. The lecture was followed by numerous questions from the other members of the Society, and P. S. Murch made the meeting a very amusing and interesting one. On Sunday, 17th March, the President gave us a lecture o n Rocka ll which was vividly illustrated by tape recordings of his interpretations of various accounts of the isla net. The lecture was not only interesting from a naturalist's point of view, but of the most genera l interest as well. He conclucled his lecture by pointing out the very interesting effects that the nature of this piece of rock had on deciding the types of plants and animals living upon it. After the lecture we discussed, among o ther things, points arising from it and, we arc very grateful for the trouble the President took in preparing such a stimulating and thoroughly worthwhile lecture. T he Secretary might give a lect ure on Art and " Nature" later in the term, but this will p robably be postponed until next term. M.J.A.S.

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THE MARLOWE SOCIETY The Marlowe Society met twice last term. At the first meeting C . Vernon-Smith gave an interesting paper on the meaning of education, entitled "Educated in the holidays from school", in which his principal recommendations were for more General Periods a nd less formal instruction in junior as well as senior forms at school, a nd a more intellectual use of spare time. F. 1. D. Lambert followed this, appropriately, with a closely-kn it paper on "An education- History o r Classics?". One fe lt that the Historians' case, ably put by Mr. R. W. Harris in discussion afterwards, was rather inadequately a nswered by the C lassicists present. Briefly it was that the o ld idea of training the mind has been proved a fa llacy, a nd tha t the best one can hope to do is to give the mind a wide ra nge of material a nd experience to work upon. At th is the Classicists murmured "second-hand knowledge", a nd the H istoria ns retorted with the claim that the Classics a nd even Science a re part of History. We hope to hear more from the Scie ntists in a paper on "Zeta" next term. A paper on "Apa rtheid" is also promised. D.W.B.

THE PATER SOCIETY The Society met fi rst on March lst to hear a paper by T. C. W. Stinton, Esq., on "The Poetry of Sophocles". He started by attacki ng the common view of Sophocles as clear, fine a nd emotionally detached; he discussed several passages, pointing out in particula r how many of them were harsh and compressed in expression, or intensely emotional. Most of his illustrations came from the Trachiniae, which tbe "S" level set had read this term. On Wednesday, March 5th, a group of classicists, under the custody of Mr. G. P. Robertson, saw a performa nce of Sophocles' Ajax in the origina l tongue, by the Classical Society of the King's College, London University. The play was presented without much action, and was not very easy to follow, except for those of us who had read the play for "0" level; though most of the principal characters put the atmosphere across quite well. In the morning some of the party visited the British Museum. On March 8th a paper was given by Mr. A. S. Mackintosh, on A. E. Housman. He gave an account of Housman's career and character, a nd talked bricAy about his achievements as a highly specialised classicist. He examined Housman's poetry, discussing its virtues and vices, and in particular how, though being first-rate poetry, it was strangely immature. The lecture was very amusing; and we felt we had been given a clear picture of a most interesting character. On Saturday, 15th March, a paper was given by Mrs. G. J . Warnock, on ti"t"Oov" ("The Good"). She talked abou t the nature of Greek ethics, particularly as shown in Aristotle and Pla to, saying she though t there was a greater difference between Aristotle's views a nd our own than is commonly made out; Aristotle's "virtues" were not moral virtues but virtues of character. Then she considered modern moral views, with three diffe rent approaches, the legalistic, the altru istic a nd the utilitarian. She made her points very clearly ; the paper was followed by a lively discussion. On T uesday, March 25th we read P lato's Symposium in E nglish. Mr. A. S. Mackintosh kindly agreed to take the part of Socrates, which he acted very dramatically. Other par ts were: Agathon , J. P. Roche; Pa nsarias, J. I. R. Thompson; Aristopha ncs, A. A. J. Willia ms; Eryxinachus, A. W . Budgen ; Alcibiades, A. J. R edpath; Aristodemus, W. A. H odges. This term we have been flattered more than ever by the hospitality of M r. J . B. Wilson, the President, a nd his wife, who have always made sure that we were comfortable and repleted in their room a t Walpole House. W.A. H .

"To

THE CAXTON SOCIETY The Annual Outing was held on February 20th : the Society visited the printing works of the Evening Standard, a nd spent a n interesting, if somewhat exhausting, time exploring the intricacies of the world of the Evening Newspaper. We were s taggered that, despite a somewhat lackadaisical and unhurried atmosphere, the result o f a race cou ld be in the " Stop Press" columns of the paper within fou r minutes of the horse passing the post. rt was generally agreed among the fifteen of us lucky enough to be present, that this was one of the most interesting outings yet undertaken by the Society: we are extremely thankful to the proprietors of the Evening Standard for their hospitality. Because of a lack of programmes, print ing this term has been limited to private jobs and School letter headings. A very satisfactory bank balance is encouraging us to buy more display founts, but perhaps a more waterproof print room would help us towards better a nd more a mbitious work. We arc very gra teful , as always, to Mr. Peett, who comes to us twice weekly, a nd gives us often much needed advice.

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THE MADRIGAL SOCIETY This term's programme was split into three equa lly active p:trts. Each has entailed a considerable amount of rehearsal, often at most inconvenient times; the attendance at these rehearsals has a lways been excellent, for which I extend warm gratitude to every member, in particular our conductor, Mr. Wright. The first was concerned with a broadcast of madrigals and part songs on the B. D.C. Home Service on February ! st. T he ha lf-hour programme, fifteen minutes of which was occupi~d by Carl Dolmetsch and Joseph Saxby, consisted of works by Weelkes, Vautour, Dowland and Purcell of the ea rly world and three partsongs by Williams, H olst and Moeran in the third part. In all its history the Soc i ~ty has never performed such a compact a nd varied programme; and in spite of several misfo rtunes- one being the slight difference in pitch between the Great Ha ll piano a nd the instrumentalists-it was well worth the trouble that a ll took. If a ll goes according to plan, a record will be made of th is broadcast. I n the next nineteen days, the Society concerned itself with the annual performance of the St. Mark Passion by Charles Wood, a work of moderate proportions but extraordinary emotional force. For this the Society expanded its n umbers to 28, the solo pa rts being taken by Allwater, Po lglase, Chcsshyre, Philpott, La ne and Hammersley whose performance none of us will forget. !VIr. Bacon sang the third evangelist's part at very short notice in place of the Rev. A . B. Curry, who unfortunately was ill. To our conductor, to Mr. Lawrence who accompanied us and to the Archdeacon of Canterbury, who kindly consented to preside over the devotion, I am particularly grateful. The third item on this term's agenda was a concert performance of excerpts from Tltc Pirates of Pen=ance. When the Gilbert and Sullivan proposition was first faced two years ago, many of the Madrigal Society stood down on grounds of musical indecency. For this behavio ur we entirely repented and jo ined with the Glee Club under that mythical title: "Operatic Society". With the expert leadership and accompaniment of Messrs. Wright, Sugden (who played the part of. the Major-General) and .Bacon, the performance was most enjoyable, and, we sincerely hope, convincing. l regret to have to announce that the Society will be smaller next term, but must assure all gentlemen concerned that their efforts this term will not go unrewarded. C. H.B.

THE SOMNER SOCIETY T he Society had another active term after rat her a slow start. At the first meeting, T. J. Stevens was elected Honorary Secretary and C. Vernon-Smith, K.s., Honorary Treasurer. To supplement the Society's own meetings, it has attended several papers at the Slater HaJJ by kind permission of the Canterbury Archaeological Society on such things as "The Tower of London", "Ramsgate-Some Days in its Years", and "Excavations in Medieval Southampton". C. Vernon-Smith gave us a paper on "Cultural and Social Life in Roman Britain", a worthy successor to his one of last term! He wisely limited it to the actual mode of living but was rather harsh on the impact of Roman on British art. Th is point will be carried further by a visit to Lullingstonc Villa sometime next term. Unfortunately, the extent of his material prevented the questions which his remarks stimulated. From W. A. Hodges, we learned about " How We Date the Past". He dealt with the Egyptian method, and how we had been able to improve their accuracy. From the purely archaeological point of view, the most interesting was the strata method which proved Jericho to be the oldest community yet found, although at present this is not unanimously recognized by scholars. He then dea lt with the tree-rings and carbon methods of which the latter d isproved the Piltdown Skull. A sharp controversy on the earliest date of basket-making concluded this well prepared lecture. The Society obtained permission to have a whole-day o uting next term to Mereworth Castle and Ightham Moat, Lullingstone, and Goddington Park, provided permission from the respective owners is forthcoming. Excavations are also hoped for, but it is difficu lt to find a port ion of the Precincts which is not graced by new and expensive lawns. T.J.S.

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THE BELLRINGERS' SOCIETY The Society's activities this term have been numerous and encouraging. At a meeting of the Society at the beginning of the term, two new members were unanimously elected. Their progress so far has shown them to be capable of becoming good ringers. On Saturday, February 8th, another peal-attempt was held- this meeting with more success than the previous one. Four experienced ringers from various parts of Kent very kindly stood in for the four inside bells. The Peal, which lasted 2 hours and 35 minutes, consisted of 5,040 changes. The Captain and Secretary o f the Society both took part, thus scoring their respective first peals. The account o f the peal appeared in a weekly bellringer's periodical, a nd a short paragraph was added by Mr. J. R. Cooper of Ashford, who conducted the Peal, congratulating the Society on the fact that since they had begun ringing on Sundays, they had doubled the congregations of the church! Meetings then proceeded normally until March 1st, and the Society would here. like to express its gratitude to Mr. B. Luck and his ringing associates of Canterbury Cathedral and also miscellaneous visito rs from Ashford and Little Chart for their very much appreciated assistance during the term in teaching us method. On Saturday, March 1st, the usual practice was cancelled, and six members of the Society went over to Sellinge, near Ashford, to attend a bye-meeting of the Ashford district of the Kent County Association of Change Ringers. The journey was made by tra in as far as Ashford; thence by a relay of cars to a nd from Sellinge, kindly supplied by the Secretary's parents, to whom we owe many thanks. There was a generous amount of ringing on the bells, followed by a short service and an excellent tea. The business meeting then sta rted, and we are pleased to announce that one of our members was elected into the above Association. Unfortunately we had to leave before the end of the meeting in order to catch the train back to Canterbury. Practices then continued as usual till the end of te rm . On Monday, 3rd Ma rch, a meeting of the Officials o f the Society was held with the President, and a list of new rules was drawn up, which will come into force next term. N.J.D.

THE WALPOLE SOCIETY Once again we have had a flourishing term under the vigorous and interested presidency o f R. A. CreedMeredith, Esq. The Society has devoted itself to the reading of the Cherry Orchard, to an excellent recording of Under Milk Wood, very kindly lent us by M . W. Lee and to two lectures. One on "Van Gogh" was particu larly interesting for the remarkable number of illustrations provided. But numero us o ther school activit ies have prevented a fuller programme. The Society does not meet in the Summer Term, but we hope the next President, to be elected at the beginning of the Christmas Term, will continue with the same keenness Mr. Meredith has always shown.

J.L.W.

THE GLEE CLUB The Glee Club has continued its customary activities this term and new members, who are always welcome, have maintained the strength of voices around a satisfactory twenty. A quantity o f new works has been added to the library, but the Popular Concert, in which the Club took part, was taken largely as an opportunity for making the concept o f the eighteenth-century glee, represented by Thomas Cooke's Strike the Lyre, known to a wider public, and for performing again some of the familiar pieces in a lighter, humorous vein, such as Old King Cole by Cecil Forsyth and The Chafers by Heinrich Truhn . But at the same time the Club sang two new items, Elgar's It 's Oh! to be a wild wind and The Goslings by Sir Frederick Rridge, and provided a chorus for Mr. Edgar Samuel's shanties and plantation songs. All praise, as ever, is due to the patient attention of Mr. Edred Wright, witho ut whom ... but it has all been said before.

G.W.L.

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THE CHORAL SOCIETY The Society has met regularly on Thursdays to rehearse fo r the performance of Borodin's Polotsvian Dances in this term's School Concert. The amazing speed at which the Society learnt this work virtually enabled Mr. Wright to d rop it half-way through the term and attend to next term's music. But it must be stressed that we o nly learnt the music as fast as we did because of the regular attendance of a nucleus- 60 at the most- of keen singers. This number was decreased still further by the formation of a timpani section under the dynamic leadership of C. B. Seaman. This, together with the expert accompaniment of Messrs. Scott and Lawrence, should produce quite a remarkable performance. We have a lready looked at several choruses of Elijah by Mendelssohn which is to be the Society's contribution to King's Week, but ca nnot begi n to think seriously about a work of such dramatic power unless every one of the hundred or so singers attends rehearsal regularly . .. the future of such a society as this rests with its humblest members.

THE CHAMBER ORCHESTRA This O rchestra, consisting of the most experienced of the School's instrumentalists- some two d ozen in all- was founded in 1954 by Mr. David Goodes, who is the conductor. In the past we have attempted in the main works by the early italian masters-Corelli, Geminiani and Vivaldi- with occasional intermissions of Purcell and J. S. Bach, and the light refreshment of Percy Grainger. In the Christmas Term of 1957, however, we found a delightful Concerto Grosso by the Eighteenth Century English composer Charles Avison, and went even further afield by performing Trauermusik, a modern work by H indemith for solo viola and Orchestra. In this term's Music Circle Concert we performed the ever-popular Scherzo by Litolff, with Christopher Seaman as solo pianist, and- probably the finest and most ambitious work we have so fa r attemptedSuite No. 3 in D. by J. S. Bach. Our futu re plans include a public concert in the Great Hall during King's Week. R.F.L.

C.C.F. NOTES ROYAL NAVAL SECTION The highlight of the term was another day at sea in two Coastal Minesweepers, H.M.S. Yamton and H.M.S. Upton. We left for D over at 0630 and were landed at Sheerness at 1630 after an excellent day's training. Cadets acted as Quartermaster and Bridge look-out, operated the radar, received instruction in navigation and minesweeping, toured the ships and fired the guns. The piece de resistance, however, was the transfer of two cadets (brave volunteers) from one ship to the other by light jackstay rig. The rest of the term was spent in passing Pro ficiency Examinations (the penalty for a second failure is expulsion from the Section !). Many of the arts of seamanship can be learnt on dry land. Next term there will be the Inspection and, in lighter vein, sailing at Whitstable. Part at least of this year's Annual Training will take place in H.M.S. Vanguard from August 6th to August 13th. D .W,B,

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THE ARMY The chief difficulty of training in all the Sections this term has been the weather, and for the first time for many years the main part o f the Army Field Day, and that of the R .A.F. Section, had to be cancelled. The help which we have had from the Depot, The Buffs, has been very much appreciated; the Certificate ''A", Part II, platoon went there for training during the Field D ay, and Sgt. Newman-Knott has come down the hill to help with the drill o f the Contingent, with marked effect. Our liaison with the Depot is now close, and we share in their sorrow at the accidental death of the Adjutant, Captain Ian Minto, who had done much to help us. The Summer Camp is going to be at Stanford in Norfolk, and it looks as though we shall have a good camp and a worth-while contingent to take there; there are over a hundred on the list at present. The revised training syllabus will come into effect in September, and it is hoped by then to have a Combined Training Section already working on First Aid, among other things. For that purpose, three officers are going on a course this holidays, so the pro blem of instruction solves itself. Jn spile of considerable talk, only about sixteen senior boys who are fit, are not in the Corps, while another eight or so have temporary leave to give the time to work. Most of these have excellent reasons, but some useful alternative activity might give inspiration to the others. Promotions.- The folio~ ing were pro moted o n 20th January, 1958, to the ranks stated: Sgts. D. J. East, R. M. Ha rvey, R. H. Williams, G. B. Jackson, C. J. M. Jewison, P. C haffin ; L/Sgts. J . G. A. Headley, M.D. Ham, J. A. C. McElwee, J. K. McDonald, D. Masters, P. J . Pilzer; Cpls. J. R. Frew, G. W. Lane, C. H. G . Tempest-Radford, N. D. Gillett, M. E. Billinghurst, C. R. Brown, T. J . Stevens, A. J. Beet, H. C. S. Hall ; L/Cpls. A. J. K. Austin, D . L. K. Browne, D . H. B. Chesshyre, P. H . Holmes-Johnson, C. F. Jevons, M. E. Jones, R. F. L. Wood. Certificate "A".- In Part II on 20th March, 1958, the following passed: W. J. R. Blakeney, P. F. S. Blunt, R. C. Bowen, G. S. Brock, W. G. W. Charnaud, P. H. Gordon, W. A. Hodges, D. G. O'Ciee, C. A. Ractliff, H. J. Ricketts, J. Stockdale, M. F. Sulliva n, D. K . Thorpe, K . G. Trickett, R. K. Woodman, J: R. C. Wright; eight failed. In Part I, out of 85 candidates, 75 passed. K.A.C.G.

ROYAL AIR FORCE SECTION Rather su rprisingly, the weather has been kind enough for us to make good usc of the glider this term and because of our small numbers it has been possible to launch nearly everyone. The toil on the rope is very strenuous but it is hoped that cadets find the chance of a trip every o ther parade reward enough for their labours. Field day was cancelled at the last moment because the runways at R .A. F., Biggio Hill, were iced over. T his was a great disappointment as we had been promised some flying. Proficiency results were much better this term and we achieved 3 passes out of 3 in the Advanced, wilh L/Cadet Wortley passing with credit, and 9 out of 15 in the proficiency, with Cadets Farmer a nd Payne passing with credit. Sgt. Selman has nearly fi nished his Flying Scholarship at Cambridge Aero Club and Cpl. Payne has passed the selection board at Hornchurch and will carry out his training in the Summer. Our Easter Camp is at R.A.F., Aldergrove, a Coastal Command station in Northern Ireland and 14 cadets are going, travelling by boat from Heysham to Belfast. We hope to fly back through the good services of Group Captain D . E. B. Wheeler, o.F.C. (O.K.S.).

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HOCKEY RETROSPECT, 1958 The prospects for this season were bright but unfortunately the weather prevented the team from achieving the successes that were expected. Either snow stopped play altogether or rain made the grounds so slow that systematic improvement was impossible. The side had to learn two distinct types of hockey: one to suit the muddy grounds when it was essential to hit the ball, and the other for the hard grounds when good stickwork and controlled push-passes were most important. It is not surprising that the team has found it difficult to adapt its game to the condition of the pitch, because opportunities for practice have been so few, and at fi rst sight the results have a gloomy look about them. It must be remembered, though, that the x r plays more matches against experienced clubs than against other schools, and that in school matches they have scored more goals than they have conceded, which is a comfo rting thought for those who hope for better things at the Oxford Festival. The Hockey Associat ion and the Oxford Occasional matches are intended primarily to teach by example, and the School side not only learned much from these games but also played very creditably in them. In the fi rst match of the season, everything went well and we easily defeated Dover. As we had eight old Colours in the side and had started so well, the future looked as if it would be most successful. This was not to he, however, and on the wet grounds that followed, nothing went quite right and the speed a nd thrust of the forwards was very much hampered. In spite of this, the side did very well against Cliftonville and were unlucky not to score. There was little to choose between the two sides in the match against St. Edmund's, when once again opportunities in the circle were missed, and the St. Edmund's centre-forward, who was a very good player, was given too much freedom by our defence. The main weakness in the side was poor combinat ion. l;'oo many hits from the defence were hopeful clearances rather than well-directed passes, with the result that very often the ball went straight to an opponent. This meant that our defence was often under steady pressure and accounts in part for the number of goals scored against us. As a whole the defence played well, and one of the reasons for their inability to clear constructively was that the inside forwards did not come far enough back to provide an effective link between the defence and the forward line. Both these faults have been largely corrected now and the side looked a far more formidable combination later in the term than in the middle period, in spite of the lack of opportunity fo r practice. A good Oxford Occasional side infl icted the heaviest defeat of the term on a side weakened by examination absentees, but it was very heartening to see far more constructive play among both backs a nd forwards. Indeed, if the fin ishing in the circle had been better, we might well have scored more than one goal. In the defence, Pritchard at left-back must be singled out as being the steadiest player a nd the only one who nearly always cleared the ball in a constructive way, often passing to the right-inside o r wing. He was increasingly well-supported by Evans, while Roche in goal has been extremely dependable, being seen to best advantage in the O.K.S. match. The other defenders all had their moments of glory, and put up a good performance in the last match. Of the forwards, Jones and Yates (the most constructive player on the fie ld) were the most dangerous and enterprising, and Williams at centre-forward was always quick to seize an opportunity and used his dash and speed off the mark to great advantage. Minns and Broadley shared the inside-right position and McNicoll did some good work on the right wing. The side is much more effective on hard grounds and we look forwa rd to a successful Festival at Oxford at the end of term. Jones has proved a very sound captain and he is lucky in having so many promising players who will be here next year to help to fi ll up the side. The team has usually been: J. P. Roche; D. J. Evans, G. C. Pritchard; A. C. Russell, P. H . Gordon, P. H. Holmes-Johnson; W. D. McNicoll, R. E. F . Minns, D. J. Williams, C. W. Yates, D. G. Jones. â&#x20AC;˘ Also played: J. N. Broadley, C. R. Barber, P. J. Baxter, D . Masters.

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1st XI HOCKEY, 1958 Standing: P. H. Holmes-Johnson. A. C. Russell, J. P. Roche, D. J. Evans, D. J. Williams, W. D. McNicol! Siuing: R. E. F. Minns, C. W. Yates, D. G. Jones, P. H. Gordon, G. C. Pritchard

[J. J. R. C. Harslolt R. C. BOWEN WINNING THE INTER-HOUSE CROSS-COUNTRY RACE

THE CANTUARTAN

1sT XI MATCHES v DOVER COLLEGE Played at St. Stephen's on 1st February King's 10 ; Dover I For the first match of the season, the extent of King's victory was amazing. Because of a heavy fall of snow at the beginning of the term, the side had only played together once before the match. However, the team sett led down well, and with eight old Colours, looked very much the same side which had played so confidently at the Festival last year. From the start King's dominated the play, but it was ten minutes before scoring was opened. Williams, who had beaten the goalkeeper with a fine shot to open the score, fo llowed this almost immediately with two more first-time shots after dribbling through the Dover defence. King's now had complete control of the game and their confidence was shown by their crisp passing and hard hitt ing. The backs came well up to support the fo rwards who were able to use their thrust in attack to the full. At half-time, King's led by 5- 0, all of wh ich had been scored by Williams. He followed this up soon after the interval with two more quick shots. Although King's continued to maintain control of the game, after these two goals. there foll owed a period of fiftee n minu tes when the side seemed to have become exhausted through constant attack ing. D over, to their credit, made use of this to score their only goal of the match. This gave King's fresh incentive and they combined well in the last ten minutes to produce some good open hockey, the result of which was three more goals; two from Minns and one from Jones. The defence was never rea lly tested as such, but Pritchard and Gordon showed their potential as attacking backs, giving their forwards first-class support. Williams' shooting, which was quite excellent, was the main reason for the high score, although the final result was perhaps a little flattering to King's. Dover were never reduced to aimless hitting, but their forward line showed no great thrust and as a result gave little worry to the King's defence. THE K.lNG's SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

v H OCKEY AssociATION XI Played at St. Stephen's on 6th February King's J; H.A. 5 The Hockey Association brought down a strong side, containing several county players and " Blues", and despite the heavy ground gave a masterly display of ball control and quick inter-passing. Soon after the start, Barber, who replaced the injured Minns, received a cut above the eye. This unfo rtunate accident seemed to effect the play of the whole side and K ing's looked slow and bewildered against a skil fu l H .A. side. The first half was dominated entirely by the H .A., who gave the King's defence a severe test. Roche, in goal, alone distinguished himself and but for several excellent saves on his part the interval score of 4-0 would have been much greater. The rest of the defence were slow in clearing and appeared reluctant to tackle the H.A. forwards, even on the edge of the circle. The second ha lf, however, was by no means one-sided and King's showed more determination, and o n occasions the forwards looked dangerous. T he defence played with more co-ordination and covered quicker. This was mainly due to Gordon at centre-half, who played an excellent second-half, covering ceaselessly a nd a lways supporting his forwards in attack. Pritchard also played well in the defence, but the other halves and backs were inclined to be slow in clearing. In goal, Roche continued his first half performance, and under a constant barrage of shots gave an excellent display of goal-keeping. King's determination was rewarded when Pritchard scored with a good shot from a short corner. Although this was King's only goal, the side gave a useful display in the second half. Against an experienced fo rward line the King's defence showed its capabili ties, and apart from a tendency to clear the ball by hitting a imlessly upfield, played a sound game. Much was learned from the match, and it revealed the st rength and weaknesses of the side which were not clearly to be seen in the D over match. The H .A. showed the importance of taking free hits quickly and the benefits of quick inter-passing when varied with hard cross-passing. T he game was played at a very fast pace and King's can be given credit for hold ing such a strong H.A. side to 5- l. THE K.lNG'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

407

T HE CANTU ARlAN v ST. EDMUND'S SCIIOOL. Played at St. Edmund's on 8th February King's 3; St. Edmund's 5 The game was played on a soft ground and conditions were far from ideal for good hockey. Even so, King's gave a very disappointing performanc.::, showing neither the skill nor the determinat ion of the two previous ma tches. If the defence had reproduced their form of the second half of the game against the H .A. the result would almost certa inly have been different. T hey were slow, however, and gave the St. Edmund's forwards too much room in which to move. St. Edmund's opened the scoring with a shot from the edge of the circle. This was followed soon after by a goal from a corner. King's replied with a good movement which Williams fi nished by dribbling in to the circle and drawing the goa lkeeper, to give Jones a n open goal in wh ich to push the ball. A t the interva l King's, 2- 1 down, we.re still slow in defence and genera lly lacking penetration in attack. The second half brought more purpose to King's play, bu t there was too much individualism in attack and the tactics of the team as a whole suffered as a result. St. Ed mund's scored again when Russell collided with R oche as the latter was advancing from the goa lmouth. A period of sustained pressure from the King's forwards, in reply, brought a goal which was scored with a good flick shot by Minns after a scramble in the goalmouth. In turn, St. Edmund's came back, to score from a penalty corner. They went fu rther into the lead when their centre-forward, who gave the Ki ng's defence constant trouble, scored from a wide angle with a very good shot. T his lead proved too much, a lthough King's showed fine spirit in rallying to score a third goal, which Williams put in after a good r un by Yates a nd Minns. For King's, Yates alone played really well and despit~ sustaining a heavy blow on the kne: at a short corner put a constant stream of passes across to the right wing. St. Edmund's adapted themselves better to the conditions and hit the ball more decisively than King's, who were inclined to push o r flick too much. T HE K INO'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

v ST. LAWRENCE, R AMSGATE Played at R amsgate o n 13th February King's 0 ; St. Lawrence 5 Tnjury again handicapped the side when Minns sprained an ankle on the morning of the match. Broadley, who fi lled the fo rmer's position, proved a very adequate substitute, but the effect of reorga nizing the forward line for the third time in a fortnight p roved disastrous to the cohesion of the side. T he game started at a fast pace and good open hockey was played by both sides. For the first ten minutes both forwa rd lines showed great thrust and in this period King's were unlucky not to score. A spate of off-sides by Williams in the centre seemed to have an unnerving effect on the side generally and St. Lawrence made use of th is to score from a movement on the right wing. This was quickly followed by another when the St. Lawrence centre-fo rward scored from a rebound off Roche's pads after the latter lnd saved a hard shot. T heir centre-forward completed his hat-trick by d ribbling through the defence to shoot from a wide angle. These devastating five minutes put K ing's badly out of their stride and for the rest of the game St. Lawrence were in complete control. AJlhough K ing's were 4-0 down at half-time, their play had not been quite as poor as the score might suggest. The second half, however, brought a deplorably low standard of constructive hockey on King's part. C leari ng by the backs was poor and St. Lawrence had no trouble in keeping up constant p ressure on the circle. Roche, in goal, alo ne kept the score down and showed his class when under severe pressure fro m St. Lawrence corners. Apart fro m Evans, whose stopping and tack ling were good, the halves and backs did not play well. There was also a noticeable lack o f combination between the defence and attack, a link which shou ld have been provided by the inside forwards. Jt was a pity King's could not continue the way they star ted, for what might have been a very fast and exciting game was reduced in the second half to the dullest hockey of the season. THE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

408

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C ANTUARI AN

THE K ING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY v CLIFTONVILLE H .C. Played at St. Stephen's on 15t h February King's 0 ; C lif1o nville 2 On ly two days aft er the St. Lawrence game, the King's side looked a different team. D etermina tio n had replaced lethargy, and the s ide showed great thrust thro ugho ut the game. For the first twenty minutes, King's kept up consta nt pressure on the Cliftonville goa l-mouth, and were unlucky not to score three o r fou r times. However, both Cliftonville's goals were scored in the fi rst half, much against the run of the play. The fi rst was a go od opportunist goa l by the centre-forward , but the seco nd was the result of m uddling by the King's defence. Despite being two goals down, King's continued to wo rry the C lifl onville defence, and although chances were missed in the circle, it was their right back whose excellent display saved them o n these occasions. For King's, Yates, at inside-left , played very well th roughout the game, and , with Gordon at centre-half, provided the vita l link between forwards and ha lves which had been missing in the St. Lawrence match. After such a usefu l and encouraging performa nce on King's part, the result seemed unfortunate.

...

T ilE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERB URY v THE O.K .S. Played at St. Stephen's on 8th Ma rch King's I; O.K.S. 0 House Seven's matches the day before left the School side in no rea lly fit sta te to play. The side looked weary and lacked the fi re and determination to make the atLacks da ngerous or the defence hostile. The ground was fi rm, and conditions were suitable fo r good hockey, but neither side was able to co mbine together sufficiently well to look really impressive. For the first ten minutes the O.K.S. were undoubted ly in command and gave the Schoo l defence severa l a nxious moments. Roche's goa lkeeping aga in saved the side d uring this rather lethargic period . The halves took time to settle d own to the pace of the pitch and began by passing too far ahead of the forwards. Once the School had settled down, the fo rwards pressed the O. K.S. circle ha rd a nd were rewarded with severa l corners, but fa iled to make use of these chances. Jus t before half-ti me, Williams collected the ball from a ro ll in and dribbled through the backs to score with a good shot from the edge o f the circle. Piny in the second half was even, with neither side showing really dangerous thrust. However, the O.K.S. wingers on severa l occasions broke nway but the ensu ing shots at goal were rather erratic and generally the School defence held well. The School forwa rds had no more success than the O .K.S., but were unlucky not to score when Skinner, the O.K.S. goa lkeeper, was drawn right out of the goalmouth ; however, in the ensuing scramble he made a fi ne clearance. For the most part of the second half the ball was kept clear of the circles by both defen ces and the game ended with neither side clearly s uperior. An encouraging featu re o f the School's play was the g reater a nd more effective use of the triangular pass between ha lf, inside and wing. Indeed, bo th wing trios s howed closer combination tha n previously, but th is was wasted by the lack of effective combinatio n between the right and left hand sides of the field. Yates, at inside-left , alone makes regular and effective usc o f the cross pass. THE KING'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY V OXFORD UNIVERSITY 0 CCASIONALS H .C. Played at St. Stephen's o n 18th March King's I ; Oceasionals 8 T he date of this match unfo rtunately clashed with the March Scholarships and three members o f the regu lar team were away. R oche's presence in goal was particularly badly missed , for Masters, his deputy, although he has served the 2nd X I well this season , was given too severe a tes t fo r his first match, by three very good inside-forwards. The Occasionals scored soon after the sta rt of the game from a penalty corner, and co ntinued to press hard, bu t no fur ther score resulted before ha lf-time. Severa l times they ca me close, especially when Pritchard made a waist-high save over the goal-li ne. King's were by no mea ns o n the defence the whole time though, and for a period o f ten minutes the reorgan ized fo rwMd line combined well and showed thr ust. I n s pite o f this, chances were missed by K ing's when three successive corners were taken against the Occasionals.

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THE CANTUARIAN After the interval, play continued at a fast pace with the Occasionals giving a fine display of short, quick inter-passi ng. This half they made no mistake a bout pressing home their attack and the result was a heavy goal deficit for King's. Despite the large score mounting against them, King's continued to fight hard and the forward line provided mo re thrust than in any previous game. At centre-forward, Minns' neat stickwork was conspicuous and he provided the link between the left and right hand sides of the field which had been m issing in previous matches. Too often, however, the King's attack petered out on the edge o f the circle but they showed fine spirit when Jones dribbled round his half and the back to shoot past the advancing goalkeeper. The game continued at a fast pace with both sides attacking strongly, but the Occasionals with fa r more experience were able to utilize their chances to greater advantage and finished the match with eight goals to their credit. In defence, P ritchard and Gordon played well but the backs were often caught square by the shrewd passing o f the Occasionals. The forwards often impressed in attack but did no t drop back fa r enough to collect their pusses fro m the defence and the Occasionals were able to pick u p many of these and use them to great advantage. In attack, Ya tes m ade good use of his winger and centre-forward with intelligent through passes and it was from these three that most of the thrust ca me when King's attacked. D espite the apparent heaviness of the defeat, the Occasionals had by no means a complete walk-over and the game proved most enjoyable.

THE

2ND

The side has been capably led and vociferously encouraged by Masters in goal, and has played soundly in defence throughout the season. As is often the case, the attack has not been quick or thrustful enough to succeed, particularly in the circle, though the standard of passing and shooting has shown a vast improvement over the term, and it is unfortunate that most of the matches had to be played on wet grounds, where skill and ball-control are not so vital. Besides Masters, who has been very steady in goal, Baxter at centrehalf has been prominent, and of the forwards who have played, Barber, Ractliff, Minns, W ., and Barren deserve mention. The team has usually been: D . Masters; J . D . Maclldowie, H. Stevenson; J. R. H. Pringle, P. J. Baxter; J. R. C. Wright; W. E. J. Minns, J. N. Broadley, C. R. Barber, C. A. R actliff, J. E. Ba rren. Also played: D . S. Bree, R . S. Yates, D . G. O'Ciee. RESULTS v Dover College. Drew J- 1 v St. Edmund's School. Won 3- 2 v St. Lawrence, Ramsgate. Lost 0-4 v Cliftonvi lle H.C. Drew 3- 3

THE COLTS' XI The Colts have had a short but most successful season, rema ining undefeated in their two matches. The first one of the season , aga inst St. Edmund's, was quite convincingly won by 3 goals to nil, scored by T uohy, Tatchell and H eath, the last o f whom played particu la rly well. The second game was a fast and exciting match at St. Lawrence College, where the score was one a ll. As the second half of the match, in which St. Lawrence were perpetually on the attack, clearly showed, the main strength of the team was in a very sound defence in which Simmonds, who captained the team with qu iet efficiency, Walford, who was good if somewhat wild, and Rudgard in goal were prominent. The halves especially played extremely well a nd Carey and Lewis have improved conspicuously during the season both in their passing and in their positional play. T he forwards often played constructive hockey, but Tuohy alone could be relied upon to shoot hard and he it was who scored in the first half against St. Lawrence. With a number of the team availa ble next year and with good reserves in the Club, the prospects o f next season. in which we hope to arrange more matches, are encouraging, provided that one or two of the forwards develop the capacity to shoot hard. The following have played fo r the team : A. G. R . Simmonds (Captain), D. E. Baker, R . M. K. Carey, G . S. D oust, D . F. Heat h, M. R . Hoile, P. G. Lewis, T. A. M. McClure, H . A. R udgard, R . H. Tatchell, M . R . Tuohy, T. L. Wa lford. R .A.C.M.

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THE

CANTUARTAN

THE BOAT CLUB Apart from the occasional calm day, conditions for boating this term have been consistently unpleasant. Successive bouts of snow, ice, rain , and above all, strong and icy winds from all points of the compass, have combined to make Pluck's Gutter as unallractive as possible. The "towpath" in particular, with the peculiar brand of mud in which the Stour seems to specialise, liberally strewn with old wood, bottles and straw, has been in the worst state that two weary coaches and their ageing bicycles can remember. Contact between coach and crew under such conditions has been rare and it has been sometimes felt that carrierpigeon or correspondence course would have been just as effective. Yet, unkind though the weather has been, it has at no time been bad enough to keep the crews ofl'the river, and not a single afternoon's boating has been missed this term. It was realized from the outset that with the departure of so many of last year's eight, the task o f building two new crews this season was not going to be easy. Accordingly, training was begun at Putney during the last week of the Christmas holidays, where an experimental eight had two outings a day from Thames R.C. as well as indoor work on the tank. Back at School the early part of the term , as last year, was used in an extended period of tubbing and outings in fours to ensure that the basic princi ples of balance and control were mastered. In view of the inexperience of the bow four, who were a ll in the Colts' Eight last season, the subsequent progress of the 1st VIII was quite fast, and although their rowing was very inconsistent, they had their boat running well at times.

Two eights entered for the annual Schools' Head of the River Race on March 19th on the Tideway, in which seventy crews competed. Conditions were surprisingly fast and comfortable; there was a strong ebb-tide and a moderate N.E. wind proved no hindrance. " A" Crew, starting 8th, had a very good row, striking 31-32 for most of the course with the boat running well between the strokes, and with the assistance of some excellent steering by Gillell covered the distance in 7 min. 29 sec., five seconds behind Winchester, the winners. This was a considerably better row than anything the eight had done previously, and it was a pleasant reward to be placed 5th in the final order, which is the highest the School has been since I 952. " B" Crew a lso had a steady row, though at a lower rating and were placed = 27th.

Crews:"A" Crew: "B" Crew:

M. J. Stevenson, bow; S.C. Farmer, 2; M. Hadfield, 3; J. B.S. Fielding, 4; C. H. TempestRadford, 5; R . H . Croxford, 6; J. C. G. Smith, 7; J. R. Frew, stroke; N.D. Gillett, cox. D. W. Horton, bow; A. A. Elworthy, 2; B. D. Foord, 3; R. V. Edwards, 4; T. C. Kinross, 5; D. H. King, 6; R. B. Bussell, 7; M. E. Billinghurst, stroke; M. M. Hall, cox.

Both eights have shown themselves to be enthusiastic and hard-working despite the unpleasant conditions, and their good s1andard of fitness has in some measure compensated for deficiencies in bladework. Under Mr. Caswell's expert eye, both crews have done a strenuous twice-weekly circuit of weight-training, which is already paying dividends in strength and stamina. The outlook for the summer is naturally uncertain, as the 1st VIII have a great deal to learn to reach a good Henley standard. The crew are quite well together, but the blades need to be much better covered towards the finish of the stroke and in some instances the stroke is rather short behind the rigger. But there is no reason why these faults should not be overcome with hard work and individual concentration in the boat, and the crew will gain plenty of racing experience in the pre-Henley regattas. We were very pleased to welcome C. F. Porter, Esq., o.K.S., on March 12th, who talked to the Club on rowing and coaching. His talk provoked several interesting questions, all of which were answered most fully, and the evening was supplemented by the A.R.A. film Henley Oarsmen and our own fi lm of the 1957 School Vlll in training. It was altogether a valuable and stimulating evening, especially for s~nior members of the Club. and we arc very grateful to Colin Porter for giving up his time to us. D .S.G.

411

THE CANTUARIAN

RUGGER "A" & " B" XV's v ETON CoLLEGE P layed a t Eto n on 1st March The visit to Eton College again provided two m ost enjoyable ga mes and an extremely pleasant day. The teams were chosen with two considerations in mind, first those who had been p ractising regularly o n Blore's throughout the term, and secondly a possible XV for next year. T he " A" XV, although containing o nly six First Colours, was a fa irly strong side, which tried at all times to play fast, open r ugby. Natura lly with the demands of Hockey, Rowing and Athletics to be satisfi ed , it was hard to pick a good a ll-round team which had had match practice. T h is lack of match practice was noticeable during the game but was compensated to a large extent by ou r more thorough knowledge of the game and greater experience. The " B" XV comprised mainly Colts, with a few older players to ho ld the side together. Both ga mes were keenly fought, especia lly the senior game, in which the Eto n pack s howed g reat determinat ion and spirit. Altho ugh E ton ra n hard with the ball, our greater experience in fin ishing movements proved to be the deciding factor. For the " A" XV, Yates and Ro llason at half- back p layed intelligent b ut unor thodox rugby; a nd of the other three-q uarters, Russell and Radcliffe showed promise and it was a good break in the cent re by Russell which led to the fi rst try. Yates converted and later kicked a penalty goa l to put King's eight po ints in the lead at half-time. The second half b rought two more tries, when Jenner at wing-forward intercepted a pass between the Eton half-backs, and later when the pack scored a pushover try after a set scrummage on the E ton line. T he final score was 16-0 to King's. F or the " B" X V, tries were scored by Minns, after a three-quar ter movement, and by Stockell after a forward dribble, the latter try being co nverted. Eton replied with a penalty goal and the final score was 8-3 to King's. The tea ms were : " A" XV- J. F. Hussey ; J. N . Broadley, A. C. Russell , D . G . Jones, J. C. D . R adcliffe; C. W. Yates, P. W. R ollason ; B. D . F oord , P. Chaffin, C. G . Rudgard , C. M. G. Wo rtley, J. E. Barren, R . E. L. Wood, M. R . Jenner. " B" XV- A . R . Morgan; W . H. Bishop , H. R . Templeton, C. R . Barber, W. E. J. Minns; M. E. Jo nes, D. S. C. Ashenden ; H. J . Rawlinson, R . N. Nash, D. M. Whewell, M . R. Stockell , C . N. Kemp, J. P. D. Pattrick, D . L. K . Brown, P. R. Atkinson . B.D .F .

ATHLETICS K.S.C. v EASTBOURN E CO LLEGE M ARCH 1ST

We are very grateful to the College fo r letting us go to East bo urne fo r our match which had originally been ar ranged to be held at Canterbury, but owing to the waterlogged state of the track, this was im possible. In this match, three competitors from each side were running in the track events in order that the junior members of the team might gain experience in competitive r unning. We were running o n a cinder track, which was a novel experience for a ll, and for the l st of March, so early on in the season, some times were Âˇ quite remarkable. Bu t we certainly did not expect to come first a nd second in a ll the track events and third in all except the 440 yards, and the mile. J. A . T u rner won the 100 yards quite comforta bly, and A. A. J . Williams ran the 220 yards in 23.9 seconds. A . J . Redpath won a well-judged 440 yards, and the three juniors, entered for the 880 yards, also put u p a good performance. The highlight o f the afternoon on the track was R . C. Bowen's mile in 4 min. 39 sees., the fi rst he has run this season, which he led from the start. And we also won the relay, 4 x I 10 yards, a d istance over which we had not run competitively before. In the field events, Eastbourne were fa r superior and won outright the weight, discus and long jump. U nfortunately we had no javelin thro wers, but the East bourne competitors for this event threw nevertheless, in order to reach a sufficient d istance for their " Antelope" standard. In the high j ump, our two co mpetitors, P. J. Baxter and l. Fowler, both juniors, distinguished themselves in corning second and third, and jumping ~wo inches higher than ever before.

41 2

tHE CANTlJARlAN ' rhe outstanding performer of the afternoon was P. J. Wycofl', of .Eastbourne, who won the discus, high jump and weight, and ran in the relay. RESULTS 100 YARI)S.- 1, J. A. Turner; 2, M. R. Turner; 3, R. H. Turner. Time: 10.8 sees. 220 YAROS.- 1, A. A. J. Williams; 2, J . A . Turner; 3, R. H. Turner. Time: 23.9 sees. 440 YAROS.- 1, A. J. Redpath; 2, A. A. J. WiiJiams ; 31 Eastbourne. Time: 55.5 sees. 880 YARDS.- 1, J. R. Parry; 2, J. Rodwell; 3, I. Gasco1gne-Pees. Time: 2 min. I I sees. ONe MlLE.- I , R. C. Bowen; 2, G. A. Elcock; 3, Eastbourne. Time: 4 min. 39 sees. LoNG JuMr.- 1, Eastbourne; 2, Eastbourne; 3, J. A. Turner. Distance: 18ft. 9 in. HIGH JuMr.- 1, Eastbourne; 2, P. J. Baxter; 3, I. Fowler. Height: 5 ft. 2t in. D 1scus.- l , Eastbourne; 2, Eastbourne; 3, P. G. Kemp. Distance: 11 8ft. 4 in. WEIGHT.- 1, Eastbourne; 2, Eastbourne; 3, P. G. Kemp. Distance: 39ft. RELAY.- 1, King's (A. A. J. Williams, R. H. Turner, A. J . Redpath, J. A. Turner); 2, Eastbourne. Time: 47' sees. TOTAL POJNTS.-K.S.C. 55, Eastbo urne 34. K.S.C. v TONBRlDGE SCHOOL MARCil 13TH On a very cold day, with a stiff wind up the back straight, performances were not outstanding. Tonbridge very kindly insisted that the match should be played, although snow had made part of the track waterlogged , and the high jump pit and the javelin run-up could not be used. In the senior events on the track, Ton bridge won all but the 440 yards, where A. J. Redpath made a fighting burst to beat Tonbridge on the tape, and in the mile where R. C. Bowen, after a close three and a half laps, managed to beat off his cha llengers. Tonbridge won both the sprint events with their second string running two good races. The relay we lost through an unfortunate take-over. In the field events, Tonbridge proved just as s uccessful, winning the long jump outright, and the weight and the discus in spite of P. G. Kemp's creditable performance. In the junior events, the order was reversed. R. H . Turner and D. E. Baker came first and second respectively in the two sprint events in a good time; and the 440 yards, 880 yards and the mile King's also won, J. R. Parry coming first in the two long distances. Jn the relay, King's won in an impressive time. Jn the field events, R. M. Osborn did a good jump to take first place, but Tonbridge won the discus and the weight. RESULTS 100 YARDS SENIOR.- 1, Tonbridge; 2, J . A . Turner ; 3, Tonbridge. Time: 10.8 sees. 100 YARDS JuNIOR.- I, R. H. Turner; 2, D. E. "Baker; 3, Tonbridge. Time: 11.3 sees. 220 Y Mos SENIOR.- I, Ton bridge ; 2, T on bridge; 3, A. A. J. Williams. Time: 24.8 sees. 220 YARoS JUNIOR.-1, R . H. Turner; 2, D . E. Ba ker ; 3, Tonbridge. Time: 25.4 sees. 440 YARDS SENIOR.- 1, A. J. Redpath ; 2, Tonbridge; 3, T on bridge. Time: 57.2 sees. 440 YARoS JUNIOR.- I, A. R. Mulford; 2, Tonbridge; 3, Ton bridge. Time: 60.2 sees. 880 YARos SENIOR.- I, Ton bridge; 2, R. C. Bowen; 3, Tonbridge. Time: 2 min. 12 sees. 880 YARDS J UNIOR.- 1, J. R . Parry; 2, Tonbridge; 3, Tonbridge. Time: 2 min. 16 sees. ONE MILE SENIOR.- I, R. C. Bowen; 2, Tonbridge; 3, Tonbridge. Time: 4 min. 54 sees. ONE MILE JUNIOR.- 1, J. R. Parry ; 2, Tonbridge ; 3, J. Rodwell. Time: 5 min. 17 sees. LONG J UMI' SENIOR.- 1, Tonbridge ; 2, Tonbridge; 3, P. A. Campbell. Distance: 19 fl. 3 in. LONG J uMr J UNIOR.- 1, R. M. Osborn; 2, G. C. Pritchard; 3, T onbridge. Distance: 18ft. 6 in. D1scus SENIOR.- I, Tonbridge; 2, P. G. Kemp ; 3, Tonbridge. Distance: 114ft. D 1scus JUNIOR.- 1, Tonbridge; 2, G. C. Pritchard; 3, Tonbridge. Distance: 128ft. WEIGHT SENIOR.- I, Tonbridge; 2, R. G. Kemp ; 3, Tonbridge. Distance: 38ft. 7 in. WEIGHT J UNIOR.- 1, Tonbridge; 2, C. N. Kemp ; 3, R. J. Baxter. Distance: 42ft. II in. RELAY SENIOR.- 1, Tonbridge; 2, K.S.C. (A. A. J. Williams, M. R. Turner, A. J. Redpath, J. A. Turner). Time: 44.4 sees. RELAY J UNIOR.- 1, K.S.C. (J . A. Nicholls, D. E. Baker, A. R. Mulford , R. H. Turner); 2, Tonbridge. Time: 5 1.4 sees. TOTAL ScoRE.- Scnior : Tonbridge 55, K.S.C. 24. Junior: K.S.C. 54, Tonbridge 25. We would like to extend our deep appreciation and thanks to Mr. Milner, Mr. Samuel and Mr. Caswell for their untiring effort in training us. A .A.J.W. 4 13

THE CANTUA RfAN

GOLF CLUB Golf this term has been severely restricted by the weather, but on most Monday afternoons, Mr. Quigley has been coaching on Luxmoore playing field, and on February 28th we were fortunate in having a good day fo r the whole holiday, when there was a small but select entry for the competition for the Cup presented by F. R . H amp, o .K.s. This was played for at Prince's, and was won by M. R . Tuohy with a useful gross score of 94. It is hoped that the donor will present the Cup at a showing of golf films to the Club on March

27th. Next term Mr. Quigley will be coaching, as last year, o n Thu rsday afternoons after cricket, a nd it is hoped that as many boys as possible will take advantage of this opportunity to imp rove their game. A fixture has been arranged for May 24th with K.C.S., Wimbledon. J .G.S,

SHOOTING NOTES Shoot ing started later than usual th is term, due to the bad weather and the absence of the riftes at the armouries. H owever, lack o f practice did not prevent the team from breaking the record under "Country Life" conditions quite early in the term. Most of the shooting this term has been under "Country Life" conditions so that the team had adequate practice before the Schools' "Country Life" Competition was shot orr at the end of term. Defore this, seven postal matches were shot against o ther schools and we were unlucky to win only four of these. The team came fifth in the 1st Stage of the Kent Territorial Competit ion, only six points behind the leading team. The 2nd Stage was shot orr this term and the final result will be known next term. There have been some high individtm l averages this term, Ricketts, Ham ilton-Paterson a nd Bartley being particularly outstanding. F ull arra ngements have been made for full-bore shooting next term on the Conyer Range, and with last year's experience we hope for greater success at Bisley in July. R esults were as follows:Under "Country Life" conditions. We beat King's, R ochester; Taunton; Sherborne. And lost to Oakham; Framlingham; Wellington . Under N.S.R.A. conditions. We beat the R oyal Marines' School of Music. The following shot for the School this term :-N. G. A. Payne, 1-1. J. Ricketts, J. D. Hamilton-Pa terson, D. C. Bartley, A. D. T. Marshall, J. A. G. Man, P. Snuggs. N.G.A.P .

FENCING CLUB It did not take long for the influx of keen members at the beginning of the year to resolve themselves into a more determined few. These have for the most part progressed with some promise. The team has suffered greatly, being left with only two of last year's members- Barker and Guard. However, the younger and less experienced members rallied extremely well wit11 the result that out of our four matches we won two and lost two, beating Alleyn's and Highgate but not Harrow and Tonbridge. Worthy of special mention are the junior team, who won all their matches, which bodes good for the future. The mo re senior members of the team entered two club competitions during the latter weeks of the term with very fair success; Guard and Barker both reached the final pool in the Frank Page T rophy and came second and third respectively in the Kent Schoolboy Championships at Bexley Heath. B.S.G. 414

THE

CANTUARIAN

THE CROSS-COUNTRY CLUB This year the Club has again expanded and now numbers about fifty in all: this is found to be a manageable number. We tried, as far as possible, to keep to the extensive training programme drawn up at the beginning of term, but this was soon found to be quite impossible, owing to the frequent snow showers througho ut the season. On such occasions the Club assembled in the Gym fo r a stre nuous work-out which included a circuit of the weights, followed by a sharp run if weather perm itted. On the finer days, the Club trained either on the course or over the neighbouring countrys ide. There was great competition throughout the season for places in the team and in order to make certain the best possible eight were available, freque nt trials were held . For the first time in many years it can be safely said that the School should never s uffer from a weak side. The standard of running rises every year and a great deal of new talent amongst the juniors has appeared. With five members of last year's team available, the term was begun with confidence, a nd convincin g vic tories were scored in the first four matches. The season was in fact the most successful one the School has ever had. The m atch against South L ondon H a rriers was run on Jst February. Unfortunately, South London H a rriers could not reproduce their usual strong side: in fact they on ly brought down five runners, beca use there was a n important race on in London. N. D. Curtis ra n for the South London H arriers as their sixth man. The result was an overwhelming victory for King's. It must be noted that this is the first time that King's have ever won this fixture. The first ten places were: I, R. C. Bowen (22 min. 19 sees.); 2, J. Rodwell; 3, I . Gascoigne-Pees; 4, P. Carton (S.L.H.); 5, M. R . Ayling; 6, A . L. C hease (S.L.H .); 7, J. R. Parry; 8, D. K. Thorpe; 9, P. Consterdine; 10, D. S. C. Ashenden. Team Results: King's, 26 points; S.L.H., 52 points. The match against D over College was run on 8th February. This was the most convincing victory o f the season, King's only just failing to get the first six places. Conditions were again very wet. The first ten places were: I , R. C. Bowen (23 mins. 4 sees.); 2, J . Rodwell ; 3, T. Gascoigne-Pees; 4, M. R . Ayling; 5, P. Consterdine; 6, G lover (Dover); 7, D. K. Thorpe; 8, G. A. Elcock ; 9, J. R. Parry; 10, Bliss (Dover). Team Resu lts: King's, 22 points; D over, 70 points. The match against Lancing College was r un on 15th February. The race was run at Lancing over their course of approximately five a nd three-quarter miles, which contained ten dykes, obstacles the team had not previously encounte red. The race was certainly a great experience for the team. The first te n places were: I, R. C. Bowen (36 min. 48 sees.); 2, J. Rodwell ; 3, F itt (Lancing); 4, I. Gaseoigne-Pees; 5, Petinitch (Lancing); 6, Berry (Lancing); 7, J. R . Parry ; 8, G. A. Elcock; 9, P. Consterdine; 10, M. R. Ayling. Team Results: King's, 3 1 points; Lancing, 53 points. The match against Tonbridge School was run o n 20th February. The race was run a t King's in fine conditions. The pace was undoubtedly too fast for our opponents. The first te n places were: I, R. C. Bowen (22 min. 22 sees.) ; 2, J. Rodwell ; 3, T. Gascoigne- Pecs; 4, Benbow (Tonbridge); 5, P . Consterdine; 6, G. A . E lcock; 7, Shaw (Tonbridge); 8, J. R. Parry ; 9, C. C. Rose; Metava (Tonbridge). Team R esults: King's, 25 points; Ton bridge School, 57 points. 415

THE CANTUARlAN The match against Harrow, Highgate, Felsted and Berkhamstead was run on 22nd February at Highgate, over a course of four and a half miles. The race was close and there were only 7 poin ts between the first three schools. King's packed well but not high enough. The first six King's runners were place: 2, R. C. Bowen; 7, J. Rodwell ; 18, I. Gascoigne-Pees; 19, M. R. Ayling; 20, G. A. Elcock; 23, P. Consterdine. Team R esults: I, Highgate, 82 points; 2, Berkhamstead, 85 points; 3, Harrow, 87 points; King's, 87 points; 5th, Felstcd, 131 points. The School took part in the Black heath Harriers Inter-Schools' Race on 8th March. The race was run at Hayes, Kent, over a course of three and a half miles in rather st icky conditions. The School ran moderately well to be placed 6th out of 25 schools. The first four for the School , who counted, were placed: 7, R. C. Bowen ; 24, !. Gascoigne-Pees; 36, J. Rodwell ; 44, J. R. Parry. The School also took part in the South London Harriers Inter-Schools' Race on 15th March. The race was r un a t Coulsdon, Surrey, over a course of 3i miles in fine conditions. The School ran well to be placed 4th out of 21 schools. The first four for the School, who counted, were placed : 8, R. C. Bowen; 2 1, J . Rodwell; 25, I. Gascoigne-Pees; 27, J. R. Parry. A new system of scoring for the Inter-H ouse Cross-Country Races was this year int roduced. Previously teams of six with four to count were run, but in order to make the event more open, teams o f eight with six to count were entered this year. The J unior Inter-House Cross-Country Race was run on 17th March in fine conditions. J. Rodwell must be congratula ted on beating the course record with a time of 18 min. 42 sees. The first six runners were: 1, J. Rodwell (S.H.) ; 2, Rose (Wal.); 3, Consterdine (M .O.); 4, Curtis (Mar.) ; 5, Griffith (M.O.); 6, D arlington (Mar.). The Houses were placed: I , Marlowe, 66 points; 2, The Grange, 11 4 points; 3, School House, 115 points; 4, Galpins, 125 points; 5= , Walpole and Linacre, 19 1 points; 7, Meister Omers, 196 points; 8, Luxmoore, 251 points. The Senior Inter-House Cross-Country Race was run on 3rd Ma rch. Even though it was late in the season, conditions were still bad. The first six were: I , R. C. Bowen (Lin.) (22 min . 57 sees.); 2, I. Gascoigne-Pees (S.H .) {23 min. 27 sees.); 3, J. Rodwell (S.H .) (23 min. 31 sees.); 4, J. R. Pa rry (Gr.); 5, M. R . Ayling (Wal.) ; 6, G. A. Elcock (Lux.). The Houses were placed: I , Walpo le, 76 points; 2, School H ouse, 101 points; 3, Galpins, 139 points; 4, Linacre, 144 points; 5, Meister Omers, 146 points; 6, Marlowe, 173 points; 7, T he Grange, 204 points; 8, Luxmoore, 255 points. First Athletic Colours for C ross-Country were re-awa rded to R. C. Bowen. They were awarded to

J. Rodwell a nd T. Gascoigne-Pees. Second Athlet ic Colours for Cross-Country were awarded to: J. R. Pary, M. R. Ayling, G . A. Elcock,

P. Consterdine and D. K. Thorpe. We say good-bye to our Captain, R. C. Bowen, and I. Gascoigne-Pees and G. A. Elcock, who will not be here next season. Bowen has been in the team three seasons and has been within a few seconds of the record several times, as well as being unbeaten over our own course this year. F inally, the Club wishes to thank Mr. Caswell for his magnificent encouragement and support to the team, and indeed to the whole Club throughout the season. R.C.B. 416

THE C ANTUARIAN

SQUASH RACQUETS Each year the standard improves a little. This year we have had our best player yet in J. A. Turner, although the calls of scholarship and other games have meant that he has not always done himself justice in matches. Of the other members of the team, there was not much to choose between J. A. C. McElwee, J. G. A. Headley and M. R. Jenner, with the result that Jenner has had a very good record at No. 4. J. F. E. D . Hussey is an improving player at No. 5, and he will do better still when he learns to hit the ball harder- an unusual failing in this game, in which most people hit too hard.

There have been two victories over Westminster (5- 0), and victories over Dover College (3- 2) and the Masters (5-2) to offset against defeats by the O.K.S., Fclsted, Merchant Taylors', Tonbridgc and Wellington (when we were without Turner). A most successfu l innovat ion was a week-end tour to Malvern and Stowe. We defeated Ma lvern 3- 2 after a most exciting match in which J. A. Turner won the deciding match against M. K. S. Shatrushalyasinhji 9- 7 in the fifth game, and lost to Stowe after another good match. In order to encourage squash in the junior part of the School, a Junior House Competition has been started, and J. A. Turner has kindly presented a Cup for it. The first winners were Galpin's, who beat Luxmoore in the Final. The Open House Matches were won by Meister Omers. The Grange were the runners-up. The results of the Individual Competitions were as follows:- Senior: J. A. Turner beat J. A. C. McElwee 10-9, 9- 6, 9- 5. Junior: T. J. Stringer beat A. G. R . Simmonds 9-6, 2-9, 9-5, 9- 1. D.W.B.

417

T H E CAN T U ARIAN

O.K.S. NEWS (The Hon. Secretary of the O.K.S. Association, M. J . H . Girting, 41 Comraught Way , Tunbridge Wells, we/comes information for inclusion in the O.K.S. News. CHANGES OF ADDRESS AND ALL ENQUIRIES ABOUT "THE CANTUARIAN" SHOULD BE SENT TO HIM AND NOT TO THE EDITORS.) D. B. MALCOLM (1948-54) is Provincial Co-operative Officer in Tanga. MoRRIS BuTLER (1942-47) is Resident Pathologist at St. Thomas's Hospital. DAVID McGROTTY ( 1940-45) and his wife are now living at London, Ontario. JoHN ALLCHURCH ( 1943-48) and his wife have gone to Pakistan where J ohn has a job with B.l.C.C., Ltd., a t Karachi ALAN RANDS (1940-43) is living in Tripoli but vouchsafed no informat ion as to what he is doing there. TONY 0 USELEY-SMITH ( 1939-43) is now at Arua, West Nile, Uganda. ALAN BAKER (1938-42) is at the British Centre in Berlin. J. P. B. SHEPHERD ( 1939-44) sent a card from Bandung, Djawa Barat, Indonesia. RoGER MAITLAND (1947-52) is working in the Office of the Assista nt Native Commissioner, Nyamandhlovu, S. Rhodesia. N IGEL WRIGHT (1945-54) is with the B.B.C. DR. C. R . CHEADLE (1938-42) is now living at Gunn islake, Cornwall. BRIAN LINTON (1949-54) is serving in the Kenya Police, and RICHARD LINFORTH (195 1-56) in the Gold Coast Regiment. TiM PITT (1945-54) is workjng on the local paper in Strat ford~on-Avon. GEOFFREY PEIRCE (1945-52) is at St. Mary's H ospita l, London. EvAN BAYLIS (1947-53) is at Queen Mary College, London. ALLAN RODGERS (1953-54) passed his entrance examinations to Harvard Law School in December with very high marks. J. C. H ARDING (1946-53) is a medical student at Guy's H ospital. JoHN H EWSON (1 946-50) is Assistant Manager at a Pig Progeny Testing Station near York-a very interesting job, he says, and useful experience for the future when he hopes to have a farm of his own. TONY H ARVEY (1950-55) is serving on the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief a t T he Nore. B. E. LEE, M.B., B.CHIR. (CANTAB.) (1946-51) is now a House Physician at Brighton General Hospital, and P. J. S. MURRAY, M. D., B.CHJR. (CANTAB.), holds a simila r position at St. H olier's County Hospital, Carshalton. R . L. S. F ISHLOCK (1945-52) rowed for St. Edmund H all in the Oxford Junior Pairs and in one heat defeated the Pair which included C. J. BELL ( 1946-52) (Christ Church). J. E. L. SALES (1949-55) played for St. J ohn's, Cambridge, XV who defeated the holders, Emmanuel, in the fina l of the Cambridge Cuppers. C. M. BRENNAN (1947-52) is now in Malaya, attached to the Special Branch of the Police. He hopes to be bringing his wife home to England in 1959. H . P. WORTHAM (1933-39) is now Headmaster of Mount House Preparatory School, Tavistock, and some of his boys are on the School waiting lists. He writes that they are building a new wing and mak ing two new playing fields. R. 0 . A. NoRRIS (1946-5 1) is having a fine Hockey season, having fully recovered from his cartilage trouble. For his Reading Club he has scored 43 goals in 11 games. R. M. SuTTON (1950-56) now at St. Edmund Ha ll, Oxford, has been elected a member of the Occasionals, and has played Hockey for the University. J. D. PoRTER (1947-52) is at Queen's College, Birmingham, preparing for ordination. THE REv. B. J. W!GAN (1931-37) has been appointed Vicar of Little Berkhamsted. 418

THE CANTUARJAN S. T. J. MAZZARELLA (1950-56) is Secretary of the St. Edmund Hall Musical Society. He sings in the Choir and a lso plays the Oboe. JOHN DREW (1952-57) writes very happily from New Brunswick University. He hopes to be back in England during the Long Vacation. RoorN MILLER (1950-54) is studying at Ealing Technical College, with a view to entering a University in October. BRIAN MILLER (1951-55) is working for a large Civil Engineering Contractor firm in London under a graduate apprenticeship scheme, and has recently passed part Ir of the A.M.T.C.E. G . H. TAYLOR (1950-55) has fini shed his National Service in the Navy and is now in his father's firm of Steam Trawler Owners. LESLIE MITCHELL (1914-19) has left Associated RedifTusion and will be seeking a job closer to production. DouGLAS W ILMER (1933-38) took the part of Macbeth in a "For the Schools" television programme on 7th February, and is playing Charles II in the T.V. production of "Pepys' Diary". W . SOMERSilT MAUGHAM ( 1884-89) attended the Dinner of the Savage Club to celebrate its IOOth a nniversary in December last. A. J. F . H OLLEY (1945-48) qualified as a solicitor in 1954 and is now a Partner in the firm of Arthur P almer & Co., Bristol. P. N. PORRITT (1937-4 1) is emigrating to Canada this Spring. In May, 1956, he obtained the F ellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, since which time he has been an orthopaedic registrar at the London Hospita l. H e will join the Manitoba Clinic in Canada as an assistant orthopaedic surgeon. His brother, J . D . PoRRrTT (1938-43) is working as an oil engineer with the Iraq Petroleum Company at Kirkuk, Iraq. He spends much time playing games and runs the local riding school. J . BREESE (1 937-42) is now living at Stevenage in H crts. where he teaches. He also takes an active part in the Church life of the Parish. BRUCE TILTON (1937-41) now lives in D evon and hopes that one of his visits to London will coincide with one of the monthly suppers. NoeL DRAY (1937-41) is living in Rochester. J. Moss (1937-39) launched the production of Cinderella at Southport last winter. RooNEY TURK (1937-40) lives now at Winchester and misses not being able to turn out for the hockey team, but hopes to do so again before very long. BILL LLEWELLYN SMITH (1937-41) lives in Beirut and works for the Iraq Petroleum Co. He wishes to be remembered particularly to Walpole House. He has had news recently of Peter Strallen who has been a ttending the Middle East School of Oriental Studies ncar Beirut. PAUL HOLMER (1937-41) lives at Esher but is believed to be goi ng abroad soon for the Foreign Office D ONALD M uRRAY (1938.42) is in the Foreign Office. RICHARD l ZARD (1937-40) is teaching English at the English Centre in Turin, which he founded together with a friend, some few months ago. The Centre was the subject of an a rticle in The Times Educational Supplement last September. H e would like to see any of his contemporaries who m ay visit Italy and the address is The English Centre, Corso Vittorio Emm anuele 61, Turin. J . V. COLLIER (1936-40) is to take over the G eophysical Survey of the Aden Protectora te in June. S. COLLIER ( 1950-54) is studying Engineering a t Bedford. R . B. HORTON ( 1952-57) as a University Apprentice in Personnel (Training). D . K . L. MoRGAN (1944-48) is an Assistant Chemist at a Kent Oil Refinery. A. E. H . PeooER (1945-51) is now a Geologist. J. W. BLACKMORE (1937) has been elected F.R.I.B.A. R. G. SEYMOUR (1945-52) is now working as a Service E ngineer at Nuffield Exports Ltd. after fi ve years' engineering apprenticeship. 419