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Page 1

Yoga
Sutras
1.2
 योग:
 च%‐व'ि 
 नरोध:
 • yogaś
ci,a‐vṛ.‐nirodhaḥ

 • “Yoga
is
the
inhibi9on
(nirodhaḥ)
of
the
 modifica9ons
(vṛ.)
of
the
mind
(ci,a)"
 • or
 • "Yoga
is
restraining
the
mind‐stuff
(Ci,a)
from
 taking
various
forms
(Vri.s)."

Why
Yoga?
 • Tradi9onally,
the
end
goal
of
yoga
is
the
libera9on
from
 all
worldly
suffering,
habitual
condi5onings
and
the
 cycle
of
birth
and
death
(Samsara),
which
manifests
 itself
through
the
realiza9on
of
the
reality
of
Reality.
 • How
does
this
clarity
come?
It
happens
by
removing
 the
clouds
of
spiritual
ignorance
(avidya)
 • Yoga
deals
with
the
obstacle
of
the
mind
and
how
to
 purify
the
mind
so
that
it
is
an
aid
rather
than
hindrance
 on
the
inner
journey.
It
presumes
that
the
seeker
has
 done
the
preparatory
work
to
be
able
to
do
these
 prac5ces.
Yoga
science
rests
on
the
twin
principles
of
 cul9va9ng
prac9ces
(Abhyasa)
that
bring
stable
 tranquility
and
non‐a,achment
(Vairagya)

 • Yoga
focuses
on
discrimina9ng,
in
medita9on,
between
 consciousness
(Purusha)
and
ma,er
(Prakri9)
at
all
 levels.
In
that
way,
one
comes
to
know
the
pure
 consciousness
in
it's
own
being

6
Schools
of
Indian
Philosophy
 • Yoga—Prac9cal
methods
for
direct
 experience
 • Sankhya—Framework
of
Manifesta9on

 • Vedanta—Contempla9ve
Self‐inquiry

 • Vaisheshika—Physical
Sciences
 • Nyaya—Reasoning
 • Mimasa—Freedom
through
ac9on
 • *While
yoga
in
and
of
itself
is
considered
a
 school
of
Indian
Philosophy,
it
heavily
 relies
on
the
remaining
5
schools
of
 thought.
Sankhya
and
Vedanta
in
 par9cular.

*Yoga—Prac9cal
methods
for
direct
experience
 • Yoga
systema9cally
deals
with
all
of
the
levels
of
one's
being
 as
they
strive
to
experience
the
eternal
center
of
 consciousness.
 • Satcitananda:
Sat
(beingness)
Cit
(consciousness)
Ananda
 (bliss)
 • 
Yoga
is
best
described
in
the
Yoga
Sutras
and
involves
 systema5zed
scien5fic
study
of
inner
states.
The
goal
of
 which
is
to

so
as
to
experien9ally
go
beyond
all
of
them
to
 the
center
of
consciousness.

 • *Yoga
contains
the
prac5cal
methods
to
realize
in
direct
 experience
the
truths
of
the
Sankhya
and
Vedanta
 philosophies.

*Sankhya—Framework
of
Manifesta9on
 • Sankhya
philosophy
offers
a
framework
for
all
the
levels
of
 manifesta9on,
from
the
subtlest
to
the
grossest,
crea9ng
a
 complete
understanding
of
the
whole
of
Reality.

 Sankhya
deals
with
 • prakri9
(ma,er),
 • 
purusha
(consciousness),

 • buddhi
or
mahat
(intelligence),

 • ahamkara
(I‐am‐ness),

 • three
gunas
(elements
of
stability,
ac9vity,
and
lightness)
 • mind
(manas),

 • cogni9ve
and
ac9ve
senses
(indriyas),

 • and
the
five
subtle
and
gross
elements
(earth,
water,
fire,
air,
 and
space).

*Vedanta—Contempla9ve
Self‐inquiry
 • Vedanta
philosophy
and
prac9ce
provides
contempla9ve
 methods
of
self‐inquiry
leading
to
the
realiza9on
of
one's
 true
nature
that
which
is
not
subject
to
death,
decay,
or
 decomposi9on.

The
essen9al
precept
 • Prakri9
(ma,er),
as
a
grosser
element
is
subject
to
 change,
and
therefore,
neither
a
basis
for
reality
nor
 eternal.
 • Purusha
(consciousness),
on
the
other
hand,
being
the
 subtler
element,
is
unchanging,
and
therefore,
the
 founda9on
of
Reality.
 • *The
teachings
of
Vedanta
are
best
captured
in
the
 books
of
the
Upanishads.

Vaisheshika—Physical
Sciences
 • The
Vaisheshika
system
emphasizes
the
physical
sciences
such
 as
chemistry,
exploring
the
elements
of
earth,
water,
fire,
air
 and
space,
as
well
as
9me,
mind
and
soul.
 Nyaya—Reasoning
 • The
Nyaya
system
deals
with
logic,
the
process
of
reasoning.
 Doubt
is
considered
a
prerequisite
for
philosophical
inquiry.
 Other
systems
of
Indian
philosophy
draw
on
this
process.

 Mimasa—Freedom
through
ac9on
 • The
Mimasa
system
pursues
freedom
through
ac9on.
It
has
a
 detailed
philosophy
related
to
ritual,
worship
and
ethical
 conduct,
which
developed
into
the
philosophy
of
karma.

Classical
Divisions
of
Yoga

 The
4
Classical
Divisions
of
Yoga
and
 where
our
Hatha
Yoga
prac9ce
fits

Classical
Divisions
of
Yoga
 Raja
Yoga—

Jnana
Yoga—

• Royal
Yoga;
or
“The
 Resplendent
Yoga
of
 Spiritual
Kings”

• Yoga
of
Wisdom;
or
 Cul9va9on
of
 Discrimina9on

Karma
Yoga—

Bhak5
Yoga—

• Yoga
of
Ac9on;
 Freedom
from
Ac9on

• Yoga
of
Devo9on;
or
 The
Self‐Transcending
 Power
of
Love

Raja
Yoga

 Raja
Yoga
 • Royal
Yoga;
or
“The
Resplendent
Yoga
of
Spiritual
Kings”
 Raja
Yoga‐
 • 
A
comprehensive
method
that
emphasizing
medita9on,
 while
 • Encompasses
the
whole
of
Yoga

 • It
directly
deals
with
the
encountering
and
transcending
 thoughts
of
the
mind.

Jnana
Yoga
 Jnana
Yoga—
 • Yoga
of
Wisdom;
or
 • Cul9va9on
of
Discrimina9on
 Jnana
Yoga
is
the
path
of
knowledge,…

 • wisdom,
introspec9on
and
contempla9on.

 • involves
deep
explora9on
of
the
nature
our
being
 by
systema9cally
exploring
and
se.ng
aside
false
 iden99es.

Karma
means
ac9on
 Karma
Yoga—

 • Yoga
of
Ac9on

 • Freedom
from
Ac9on
 Karma
Yoga
is
the
path
of
service,..
 • mindfulness,
and
remembering
the
levels
of
 our
being
while
fulfilling
our
ac9ons
or
karma
 in
the
world.

Bhak9
Yoga
 Bhak5
Yoga—
 • Yoga
of
Devo9on;
or
 • The
Self‐Transcending
Power
of
Love
 Bhak9
Yoga
is
the
path
of
love…
 • 
devo9on,
emo9on,
compassion,
and
service
to
God
 and
others.

 • All
ac9ons
are
done
in
the
context
of
remembering
 the
Divine.

Hatha
Yoga
 Toward
a
contemporary
prac9ce

Hatha
yoga
 The
word
Hatha
is
a
 compound
of
the
words
“Ha
 and
Tha”
meaning
sun
and
 Hatha
Yoga
as
preparatory
 moon
referring
to
Prana
and
 stage
of
physical
purifica9on
 Apana,
and
also
to
the
 that
the
body
prac9ces
for
 principal
nadis
(energy
 higher
medita9on.
This
 channels)
of
the
subtle
body
 prac9ce
is
called
shatkarma.

 that
must
be
fully
 opera9onal
to
a,ain
a
state
 of
Dhyana
or
Samādhi.

Hatha
yoga…
to
yoke
or
join

The
word
"ha"
 refers
to
the
solar
 nadi
(pingala)
in
 the
subtle
body
 and
"tha"
the
lunar
 channel
(ida).

However,
when
the
 two
components
of
 the
word
are
 placed
together,
 "hatha"
means
 "forceful",
implying
 that
powerful
work
 must
be
done
to
 purify
the
body.

Hatha
yoga
is
 meant
to
join
 together
sun
or
 “Shiva”
(masculine,
 ac5ve)
energy
with
 the
moon
or
 “Shak5”(feminine,
 recep5ve)
energy,

This
union
 produces
balance
 and
greater
power
 in
an
individual.

Hatha
Yoga
 • Follows
the
same
principles
as
 Patanjali’s
8‐Limbed
Path
(the
 Ashtanga)
including
moral
restraint
 Yama
and
spiritual
observances
 Niyama.

 • Hatha
Yoga
is
what
most
people
in
the
 West
associate
with
the
word
"Yoga"
 and
is
prac9ced
for
mental
and
 physical
health
throughout
the
West.

Kundalini
Yoga—
 • Kundalini
yoga
is
a
physical
and
 medita9ve
discipline
within
Hatha
Yoga.

 • It
describes
a
set
of
advanced
yoga
 prac9ces
with
the
focus
of
the
awakening
 of
Kundalini

 • According
to
Hindu
tradi9on
Kundalini
 yoga
is
a
pure
spiritual
science
that
leads
 to
means
awakening
of
inner
knowledge
 Enlightenment.

OUR
Yoga
Prac9ce

 • In
Hatha
Yoga
Pradipika,
Hatha
Yoga
 is
described
as
rela9ng
to
Kundalini
 Yoga.
It
also
explains
that
the
purpose
 of
Hatha
Yoga
is
Raja
Yoga.

 • Thus,
we
can
easily
see
the
 rela9onship
of
Hatha
Yoga
and
 Kundalini
Yoga
as
being
parts
or
 aspects
of
Raja
Yoga,
which
is
one
of
 the
tradi9onal
four
paths
of
Yoga.

Yoga
History
and
Tradi9on
 Approximate
outline
of
the
History
of
 Yoga

Yoga
History
 1.

Pre‐Vedic
 Shamanism:

Vedic
Era

4500
BC
and
Prior

4500‐
2500
BC

Shamanic
prac9ces
as
 purifica9on,
healing,
 and
medita9on
ritual

Vedas
‐
wri,en
by
 Rishis
‐divinely
 inspired
seers
or
sages

4
Vedic
texts
become
 the
central
texts
of
 India
covering
ritual,
 sacrifice,
mantra,
and
 devo9on

Aharva
Veda
is
the
 basis
for
Ayurveda
and
 Tantra

Yoga
History:
2500
BC
–
100
BC
 Pre‐Classical:
Upanishads
and
Brahman
Period:

 2500
‐
100
BC
(esp.
800
BC)
 • Upanishads
‐
wisdom
learned
at
the
feet
of
guru
‘or’
good
news.

 • Many
consider
this
is
the
primary
source
of
the
Yogic
Tradi9on
 • Brahman
priest
formalized
rituals
and
create
orthodox
religion

Epic
Age:
The
Bhagavad
Gita

 1000
–
100
BC
(more
app.
300
BC)
 • The
Bhagavad
Gita
is
part
of
the
epic
poem
the
Mahabharata
 Epic
 • Focus
on
selfless
ac9ons
(Karma
Yoga),
devo9on
(Bhak9
Yoga),
 and
wisdom
(Jnana
Yoga)

Yoga
History
100
BC
‐500
AD
 Classical
Period:
Sankhya
System

• 100
BC

‐
500
AD
 • Primary
Text:
Samkhya
Karika
wri,en
by
Ishvara
 Krishna
 • Influenced
by
Buddhist
objec9ve
to
put
an
end
to
 suffering
 • Presents
a
"Realist"
philosophy
based
on
reason
and
 logical
analysis
rather
than
scripture
 • Dualist
system
later
cri9cized
and
essen9ally
dropped
 by
Tantric
and
Vedanta
non‐dual
systems

Yoga
History…
200
AD
 Yoga
Sutra
of
Patanjali
 • Classic
text
outlining
the
Ashtanga
of
Yoga
(Eight
Limbs
of
 Yoga)
 • Considered
as
part
or
based
upon
the
dualist
system
 based
on
the
Samkhya
System
(above)
eventually
rejected
 by
Tantric
and
Vedanta
philosophers

Yoga
History…
200
AD

Post‐Classical
Period:
 • 500
‐
1000
AD
(give
or
take)
 • Return
to
mys9cism
of
founda9onal
 while
s9ll
influenced
by
Hinduism
 and
Buddhism
 • Embraces
the
body
as
vehicle
to
 enlightenment
rather
than
obstacle
 • Provides
basis
for
Hatha
Yoga

Yoga
History…
800
AD

Advaita
Vedanta
 • 800
AD
 • Shankara
ar9culates
non‐dual
 philosophy
rooted
in
Vedas
 • Non‐dualist
thought
later
adopted
 by
most
later
forms
of
yoga
and
is
 shared
with
Tantra
and
Hatha
Yoga

Yoga
History…
900
AD
–
1000
AD

Founding
of
Hatha
Yoga
 
 • Siddha
Yogis
 • 
Tantric
prac99oners
seeking
 enlightenment,
immortality
and
 paranormal
powers
 • Natha
Yogis
Matsyendra
and
 student
Goraksha
are
considered
 the
founders
of
Hatha
Yoga

Yoga
History…

1350
AD

Hatha
Yoga
Pradipika

• Important
early
Hatha
Yoga

text
 ar9cula9ng
16
asanas
along
with
 informa9on
on
pranayama,
chakras,
 kundalini,
bandhas,
kriyas,
shak9,
nadis
 and
mudras
among
other
topics.
 • Dedicated
to
Lord
Adinath,
a
name
for
 Lord
Shiva,
who
is
believed
to
have
 imparted
the
secret
of
Hatha
Yoga
to
his
 divine
consort
Parva9

Yoga
History…

1750
AD
 Shiva
Samhita
 • 
One
of
3
Key
Hatha
Yoga
texts
(the
others
being
Gheranda
Samhita
and
Hatha
 Yoga
Pradipika)
 • Combines
Advaita
Vedanta
philosophy
with
Tantric
anatomy
and
Hatha
Yoga
 prac5ces
 • Speaks
on…
 • 
Describes
Complex
physiology,
names
84
different
asanas
and
11
mudras
that
 can
result
in
yogic
a,ainments.
 • 
Explains
abstract
yogic
philosophy,
mudras,
tantric
prac9ces,
and
medita9on
 • 
Emphasizes
that
even
a
common
householder
can
prac9ce
and
benefit
from
 yoga.
Describes
the
four
types
of
aspirants
and
the
importance
of
the
guru


 • Methods
and
Obstacles
of
libera9on
and
philosophical
standpoints.
 • 
The
nadis,
the
internal
fire,
and
the
working
of
the
Jiva.
 • Describes
five
specific
types
of
Prana,
the
four
stages
of
the
Yoga,
the
five
 elemental
visualiza9ons
 • 
Introduces
esoteric
ideas
such
as:
shadow
gazing,
the
internal
sound,
the
 esoteric
centers
and
energies
in
the
body,
the
seven
lotuses,
the
"king
of
kings
of
 yogas",
and
a
global
mantra

Yoga
History…

1750
AD
 Gheranda
Samhita
 • 1
of
3
Key
Hatha
Yoga
Texts
(Hatha
Yoga
Pradipika
and
 Shiva
Samhita
the
others)
 • 
Outlines
over
100
prac9ces
w/
32
asanas



 • Includes
an
outline
for
a
7‐Fold
Yoga
 • 


1.
Shatkarma
for
purifica9on
 


2.
Asana
for
strengthening
 


3.
Mudra
for
steadying
 


4.
Pratyahara
for
calming
 


5.
Pranayama
for
lightness
 


6.
Dhyana
for
percep9on
 


7.
Samadhi
for
isola9on

Yoga
History…

1893
AD

Swami
Vivekananda
 • Disciple
of
Sri
Ramakrishna

 • 1893
Presented
Vedanta
and
Yoga
 philosophy
at
Chicago's
Parliament
of
 Religions
marking
the
beginning
of
 American
yoga
 • Author
of
Raja
Yoga,
Karma
Yoga,
 Bhak5
Yoga
and
Jnana
Yoga
key
texts
 describing
contemporary
yoga
tradi9on

Evolu9on
Through
Involu9on
 Moving
from
the
Physical
and
 Individual
to
the
Spiritual
and
 Universal

OM

GROSS

 Body:
Inhale
 Gross
Anatomy

"A"
is
Waking

Kosha:
Sheathes
of
 Being

Annanamaya
Kosha:
 Food
Body
 Pranayama
 Kosha:
The
 Vital
body

The
Sound
"U"
 is
Dreaming
/
 Subtle:

Manamaya
Kosha:
 The
mental
body

"M"
is
Deep
 Sleep
/
Causal:

Annanamaya
Kosha:
 The
Intellectual
 Body

Final
silence:

 "A‐U‐M"
is
the
 True
Self

Annanamaya
 Kosha:
The
 Bliss
Body

8‐limbs
of
Patanjali

Chakra

Yama:
Ethical
 Principles

Muladhara:
Root
 Chakra
"primal
 ins9nct"

Niyama:
 Inward
 observances

Swadhisthana:

 Sacral
Chakra
 "Crea9on"

Asana:
Dynamic
 extension
from
and
 toward
the
core

Manipura:
Solar
 Plexus
Chakra

 "Personal
Power"

Pranayama:
 Energe9c
Body
 (Prana)

Anahata:
Heart
 Chakra
 "Emo9on"

Pratyahara:
 Sense
 Withdrawal

Vishuddha:
 Throat
Chakra
 "Expression"

Dharana:
 Concentra9on

Ajna:
3rd
Eye
 Chakra
 "Insight"

Dhyana:
 Medita9on

Sahasrara:
 "Pure
 consciousness"

SUBTLE
 Samadhi:
Freedom
 (moska)
through

“According
to
the
Yogis
there
are
two
nerve
currents
in
the
 spinal
column,
called
Pingala
and
Ida,
and
there
is
a
hollow
 canal
called
Susumna
running
through
the
spinal
cord.

At
 the
lower
end
of
the
hollow
canal
is
what
the
Yogis
call
the
 “Lotus
of
the
Kundalini.”

They
describe
it
as
triangular
in
 form,
in
which,
in
the
symbolical
language
of
the
Yogis,
 there
is
a
power
called
the
Kundalini
coiled
up.

When
that
 Kundalini
awakes
it
tries
to
force
a
passage
through
this
 hollow
canal,
and,
as
it
rises
step
by
step,
as
it
were,
layer
 ayer
layer
of
the
mind
becomes
open,
all
these
different
 visions
and
wonderful
powers
come
to
the
Yogi.

When
it
 reaches
the
brain
the
Yogi
is
perfectly
detached
from
the
 body
and
mind;
the
soul
finds
itself
free.”
 •  +Swami
Vivekananda
on
Psychic
Prana

Caduceus

Together,
the
Ida
and
 Pingala
nadis
form
the
snakes
 of
the
caduceus,
while
 Sushumna
forms
the
staff.
The
 snakes
intersect
at
the
 chakras,
as
do
the
nadis
 described
above.

 

 
 
 At
the
ajna
chakra,
 between
the
eyebrows,
there
 are
two
petals,
one
on
either
 side,
just
as
there
are
two
 wings
at
the
top
of
the
 caduceus.

Yoga
Sutra
2.49
 Once
that
perfected
posture
has
been
 achieved,
the
slowing
or
braking
of
the
force
 behind,
and
of
unregulated
movement
of
 inhala5on
and
exhala5on
is
called
breath
 control
and
expansion
of
Prana
(pranayama),
 which
leads
to
the
absence
of
the
awareness
 of
both,
and
is
the
fourth
of
the
eight
rungs.
 • tasmin
sa5
shvasa
prashvsayoh
ga5
vichchhedah
 pranayamah

Sahasrara:
“The
Crown
Chakra”
may
be
seen
similarly
to
the
pituitary
gland,

 which
secretes
hormones
to
communicate
to
the
rest
of
the
endocrine
system
and
 connects
to
the
central
nervous
system
via
the
hypothalamus.


 Ajna:
“The
Brow
Chakra”
(also
known
as
the
third
eye
chakra)
is
linked
to
the
 pineal
gland
which
may
inform
a
model
of
its
envisioning.
The
pineal
gland
is
a
 light
sensi9ve
gland
that
produces
the
hormone
melatonin,
which
regulates
sleep
 and
waking
up.

 Vishuddha:
“The
Throat
Chakra”
may
be
understood
as
rela9ng
to
communica9on
 and
growth
through
expression.
This
chakra
is
paralleled
to
the
thyroid,
a
gland
 that
is
also
in
the
throat
and
which
produces
thyroid
hormone,
responsible
for
 growth
and
matura9on.

 Anahata:
“The
Heart
Chakra”
is
related
to
the
thymus,
located
in
the
chest.
The
 thymus
is
an
element
of
the
immune
system
as
well
as
being
part
of
the
endocrine
 system.
It
is
the
site
of
matura9on
of
the
T
cells
responsible
for
fending
off
disease
 and
may
be
adversely
affected
by
stress.
 Manipura:
The
“Solar
Plexus
Chakra”
is
related
to
the
metabolic
and
diges9ve
 systems.
Manipura
is
believed
to
correspond
to
groups
of
cells
in
the
pancreas,
as
 well
as
the
outer
adrenal
glands
and
the
adrenal
cortex.
These
play
a
valuable
role
 in
diges9on,
the
conversion
of
food
ma,er
into
energy
for
the
body.

 Svadhisthana:
“The
Sacral
Chakra”
is
located
in
the
sacrum
(hence
the
name)
and
 is
considered
to
correspond
to
the
testes
or
the
ovaries
that
produce
the
various
 sex
hormones
involved
in
the
reproduc9ve
cycle.
Svadhisthana
is
considered
to
be
 related
to,
more
generally,
the
genitourinary
system
and
the
adrenals.
 Muladhara:
“The
Base
Chakra”
is
related
to
ins9nct,
security,
survival
and
basic
 human
poten9ality.
This
centre
is
located
in
the
region
between
the
genitals
and
 the
anus.
Although
no
endocrine
organ
is
placed
here,
it
is
said
to
relate
to
the
 gonads
and
the
adrenal
medulla,
responsible
for
the
fight‐or‐flight
response
when
 survival
is
under
threat.

The
Vital
Body
 Prana
and
its
role
in
Hatha
Yoga

Prana
(,ाण,
prāṇa)

 • Sanskrit
for
"breath”
 • In
Vedan9c
philosophy,
it
is
the
no9on
of
a
vital,
life‐sustaining
 force
of
living
beings
and
vital
energy
 • Prana
is
a
central
concept
in
Ayurveda
and
Yoga
where
it
is
 believed
to
flow
through
nadis,
a
network
of
fine
subtle
channels
.

 • Its
most
subtle
material
form
is
the
breath,
but
is
also
to
be
found
 in
blood,
and
its
most
concentrated
form
is
semen
in
men
and
 vaginal
fluid
in
women.
 • Pranamaya‐kosha
is
one
of
the
five
Koshas
or
"sheaths"
of
Being.
 • Prana
was
first
expounded
in
the
Upanishads,
where
it
is
part
of
 the
worldly,
physical
realm,
sustaining
the
body
and
the
mother
of
 thought
and
thus
also
of
the
mind.

 • Prana
suffuses
all
living
forms
but
is
not
itself
the
Atman
or
 individual
soul.

 • In
the
Ayurveda,
the
Sun
and
sunshine
are
held
to
be
a
source
of
 Prana.

Five
Vayus

 • When
the
Prana
operates
in
the
body,
it
divides
into
five
 major
flows
called
Vayus.

 • These
5
Vayus
are
somewhat
like
ocean
currents,
while
 there
are
5
major
currents,
there
may
be
thousands
of
 smaller
currents.
The
5
major
include
 • Prana
Vayu
 • Apana
Vayu

 • Samana
 • Udana
 • Vyana
 • Reversing
Prana
and
Apana
Vayu
is
a
significant
no9on
 behind
the
Hatha
Yoga
prac9ce

Five
Vayus

 • Prana
Vayu
operates
from
the
heart
area,
and
is
an
upward
 flowing
energy,
having
to
do
with
vitalizing
life
forces.

 • Apana
Vayu
operates
from
the
base
of
the
torso,
in
the
 rectum
area,
is
a
downward
flowing
energy,
and
has
to
do
 with
elimina9ng
or
throwing
off
what
is
no
longer
needed.

 • Samana
Vayu
operates
from
the
navel
area,
deals
with
 diges9on,
and
allows
the
mental
discrimina9on
between
 useful
and
not
useful
thoughts.

 • Udana
Vayu
operates
from
the
throat
and
drives
exhala9on,
 opera9ng
in
conjunc9on
with
Prana
Vayu,
which
deals
with
 inhala9on.
 • Vyana
Vayu
operates
throughout
the
whole
body,
having
no
 par9cular
center,
and
is
a
coordina9ng
energy
throughout
 the
various
systems.

The
Role
of
Vayus
in
Awakening
 • Prana
Vayu
is
an
upward
flowing
energy
and
 Apana
Vayu
is
a
downward
flowing
energy.
 • Reversing
Prana
and
Apana
Vayu
is
a
significant
 no9on
behind
the
Hatha
Yoga
prac9ce

 • One
of
the
ways
of
describing
the
process
of
 inten9onal
Kundalini
Awakening
is
that
these
 two
energies
are
inten9onally
reversed
through
 a
variety
of
prac9ces.

 • Reversing
the
energy
causes
the
Kundalini
at
 the
base
of
the
subtle
spine
to
awaken,
and
to
 begin
to
arise.

Yoga and the 8-Fold Path! Patanjali’s
Ashtanga
as
related
through
the
Yoga
Sutras

Samadhi Pada: (51 sutras)! "Yogaś
ciEa‐vriG‐nirodhaḥ"

 Yoga
Sutra
1.1
&
1.2

"Yoga
is
the
restraint
of
mental
 modifica9ons”
 •  1.
Now
concentra9on
is
explained.
 •  2.
Yoga
is
restraining
the
mind‐stuff
 (ChiEa)
from
taking
various
forms
(VrGs)

 Swami
Vivekananda
 
or

 •  1.
OM:
Here
follows
Instruc9on
in
Union

 •  2.
Union,
spiritual
consciousness,
is
 gained
through
control
of
the
versa9le
 psychic
nature

 ‐‐Charles
Johnson

Sadhana Pada (55 Sutras)
 
 Sadhana
is
the
Sanskrit
word
for
 "prac9ce"
or
"discipline".
Here
the
 author
outlines
two
forms
of
Yoga:
 Ashtanga
Yoga
(Eigh{old
or
Eight
limbed
 Yoga)
and
Kriya
Yoga
(Ac9on
Yoga).
 –  Note:
Kriya
yoga,
some5mes
called
Karma
Yoga.
In
the

Bhagavad‐Gita,
Arjuna
is
encouraged
by
Krishna
to
 act
without
aEachment
to
the
results
or
fruit
of
 ac5on
and
ac5vity.
In
other
words,
Kriya
yoga
is
the
 yoga
of
selfless
ac5on
and
service.

“Vibhuti Pada” (56 sutras)!

Vibhu9
is
the
Sanskrit
word
for
"power"
 or
"manifesta9on".
’
 
 
 
 Supra‐normal
powers'
(Siddhi)
are
acquired
 by
the
prac9ce
of
yoga.

 
 

 
   the
entering
of
another’s
soul
   ability
to
fly
or
move
great
distances
in
moments
   increase
or
decrease
in
size
   the
ability
to
acquire
great
wealth
with
li,le
effort


 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Disclaimer:
The
tempta9on
of
these
 powers
should
be
avoided
and
the
a,en9on
should
 be
fixed
only
on
libera9on.

Kaivalya Pada (34 sutras)! •  Kaivalya
literally
means
"isola9on",
 however
the
Sutras
Kaivalya
means
 emancipa9on
or
libera9on,
which
is
the
 goal
of
Yoga

 –  Moksha
(libera9on)
 –  Jivamuk9
(one
who
has
a,ained
Moksha).

•  The
Kaivalya
Pada
describes
the
nature
of
 libera9on
and
the
reality
of
the
 transcendental
self.

Think Samadhi

Yamas

 Yamas:
Moral
Observances

• First
Limb
of
the
8‐Fold
Path
 • Code
of
Conduct,
Self‐ Restraint
 • Help
a,ain
a
healthy
mind
 and
body.
 • Oriented
toward
our
public
 behavior
 • 
Allows
us
to
coexist
 harmoniously
with
others.
 • Prac9ce:
to
cul9vate
the
 opposite
i.e.
create
love
not
 harm

The
five
Yamas

 • Ahimsa
(non‐violence):
 • to
avoid
conflicts
or
violence
 that
occur
due
to
compe99on,
 anger
or
malice


 • Satyavachan
(truthfulness):
 • To
eliminate
untruths
that
cause
 confusion
and
mental
 disturbance.


 • Astheya
(non‐stealing)
 • Brahmacharya
(sexual
purity)
 • 
Aparigraha
(self‐reliance)

Ahimsa‐
“to do no harm…”
 Ahimsa
tradi9onally
meant
"do
not
 kill
or
hurt
people."

This
can
be
extended
to
mean
that
 violent
in
feelings,
thoughts,
words,
 or
ac9ons
should
be
avoided.

 At
root,
ahimsa
is
the
prac9ce
of
 compassion
towards
yourself
and
 others.

Satya! 
Meaning
 • 
Truthfulness,
or
Not
lying

Prac5ce
 • 
Being
truthful
in
feelings,
thoughts,
and
words
and
deeds
 • 
Being
honest
with
ourselves
and
with
others.
 • Assess
honestly
without
need
for
apology

Example
 • A
student
with
s9ff
hips
and
can't
do
a
backbend
properly
may
 collapse
into
her
lower
back
to
pretend
to
do
a
good
one,
this
is
 a
lie.
This
is
being
dishonest
and
actually
not

the
pose
at
all.

Note:
 •  
“sat”
means
Knowledge
or
Truth
with
a
big
K
or
T

Asteya
"not
stealing"

 • Asteya,
or
refers
to
the
stealing
that
grows
 from
believing
we
cannot
create
what
we
 need.
 • At
core
is
our
mispercep9on
that
the
 universe
is
lacking
abundance
 • As
a
prac9ce,
Asteya
can
be
seen
as
rooted
 in
subconscious
beliefs
of
“lack”
and
 “scarcity”
that
cause
greed
and
hoarding
in
 all
their
various
manifesta9ons

Brahmacharya
 • We
prac9ce
Brahmacharya
when
we
consciously
 choose
to
use
our
life
force
(especially
the
energy
of
 sexuality)
to
express
our
dharma,
rather
than
to
 frivolously
dissipate
it
in
an
endless
pursuit
of
flee9ng
 pleasures.

 • Brahmacharya
reminds
us
that
our
life
force
is
both
 limited
and
precious,
and
sexual
ac9vity
is
one
of
the
 quickest
ways
to
deplete
it.

 • As
yogis,
we
choose
to
use
the
power
behind
sexuality
 to
create,
to
fulfill
our
mission,
to
find
and
joyously
 express
our
inner
selves.
The
prac9ce
of
Brahmacharya
 is
not
some
archaic
form
of
moralizing,
but
rather
a
 reminder
that,
if
we
use
our
energy
wisely,
we
possess
 the
resources
to
live
a
fulfilling
life.

Meaning
and
Transla5on
 • Non
Clinging
or
Grasping

Prac9ce
 • Aparigraha
as
a
prac9ce
is
iden9fying
greed
that
is
rooted
in
jealousy.

Reason
 • Jealousy
means
that
we
desire
to
be
what
someone
else
is,
or
to
 have
what
someone
else
has.

Essence
 • Aparigraha
in
its
essence,
helps
us
discover
our
own
selves

Niyamas! The
Five
Niyamas:

 Religious
or
 internal
 observances
 or
 commitments

• Cleanliness,

 • Contentment,
 • Mor9fica9on
 • Study,
and
 • Self‐surrender

Saucha
“Cleanliness” Meaning
and
Transla9on
 • Cleanliness
 • Shaucha
protects
the
purity
and
sanc5ty
of
the
energy
around
 us.

Root
Concerns
 • Keeping
different
energies
dis5nct.
 • Shaucha
focuses
on
the
grossest
physical
concerns
(bodily
and
 environmentally)
as
well
as
more
subtle
energe5c
issues
 (mental
and
physically).

Samtosha “Contentment”! Ac5on
 • Prevents
desire
to
obtain,
experience
and
/or
accumulate
 objects
of
pleasure.
 • This
quality
of
contentment
leads
to
mental
peace.

Example
 • 
Overexer9ng
in
a
pose

Prac5ce
 • Pause,
Re‐establish
Breath
 • Consider
the
reason
for

the
lack
of
contentment.
 • Resume
the
prac9ce
of
the
pose.

Tapas “Heat”! Meaning
and
Transla9on
 • Heat
or
Austerity,

 • Simple
living
or
Wise
effort

Austerity
 • Prac9cing
a
self‐denying
and
austere
life
style,
we
control
desire.
Also,
by
 • Living
simply,
we
recognize
a
space
is
created
where
greater
endeavors
replace
 baser
desires.

Wise
effort
 • Discerned
as
the
difference
between
someone
who
simply
fantasizes
and
 someone
who
is
on
the
path
toward
their
dreams.

 • Effort
is
required
to
make
anything
bear
fruit
in
the
physical
world,
and
yet
we
 have
to
balance
Tapas
with
Samtosha‐effort
with
contentment.

 • Forceful
effort
can
create
harm

Purifica9on
 • Tapas
can
also
be
considered
as
the
heat
generated
that
creates
a
purifying
effect

Svadhyaya! Transla5on
 • The
Study
of
One's
Self
or
the
Study
about
the
Self
 • Svadhyaya
enlightens
the
true
nature
of
human
nature
and
facilitates
 healthy
thoughts

Ac5on
 •  Evolu9on
through
Involu9on

Prac5ce
 •  Careful
self‐observa9on
building
self‐awareness

Ishvara
Pranidhana:
“I
Surrender”

 • Ishvara
Pranidhana
can
be
translated
as
“Surrender
to
 God”
and/or
as
“Surrender
of
Ego.”
In
short,

 • A
prac5ce
of
Ishvara
Pranidhana
may
manifest
itself
as
a
 desire
to
be
less
self‐centered
by
aiming
at
higher
goals.
 • In
terms
of
our
asana
prac9ce,
most
of
us
are
concerned
 with
"ge.ng
there."
We
want
results.
We
want
to
 achieve.
In
considera9on
of
Ishvara
Pranidhana,
we
can
 do
yoga
with
both
intensity
and
calmness
when
we
are
 dedicate
to
a
universal
life
force
of
which
we
are
all
a
part.
 We
realize
it
is
our
inten9on
and
effort
that
count.

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