17 minute read
SEXUAL ASSAULT IN SPORTS
Oregon sexual assault survivor Brenda Tracy has been speaking out about sexual assault since long before the #MeToo movement exploded into wider public awareness late last year. In 2014, Tracy went public about her experience of being gangraped by four men, including two Oregon State University football players, in 1998. Since then, she has been speaking at universities, lobbying for legislative change, and asking fans, coaches, and teams to #SetTheExpectation when it comes to standing up against sexism and violence against women.
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The president. The Supreme Court. Hollywood. Journalism. Restaurants. Comedy. No aspect of American life has been untouched by sexual assault, sexual harassment, and #MeToo — including the world of college sports. It seems impossible to get through a season without some kind of scandal: the repeated incidents at Baylor University under former football coach Art Briles, Michigan State’s enabling of USA Gymnastics team doctor Larry Nassar, Ohio State football coach Urban Meyer’s mishandling of domestic violence allegations against one of his now-former assistants. But against that backdrop, college football players, fans and coaches have been having a conversation about sexual assault, rape and toxic masculinity for longer than some other workplaces and cultures, and for several years before #MeToo. A big reason for that is Brenda Tracy. In 1998, when she was 24, Tracy was gang-raped by four men, including two Oregon State University (OSU) football players, in a Corvallis apartment. The case never went to trial and the Beavers players were suspended from the team for just one game, with then OSU head coach Mike Riley saying they made a “bad choice.” Tracy lived with that trauma — the shame, the fear, the anger, the public second-guessing of her, the anonymous victim, rather than her rapists — for 16 years. At her lowest moments, she considered suicide. But she also raised two sons, began a career as a registered nurse in Portland, and got an MBA. Then, in 2014, she went public with her experience in an interview with Oregonian sports columnist John Canzano, and began speaking to football coaches and their players — starting with a penitent Mike Riley, then at the University of Nebraska — about sexual assault, rape culture, and consent. She now tells her story as a full-time job, working with universities, educating student-athletes, lobbying both the Oregon Legislature and the NCAA for reforms, and asking fans, coaches and teams alike to #SetTheExpectation: a pledge to stand up against sexism and violence against women. She’s now nationally famous, but it’s also a demanding gig, with constant travel and awful online critics, to say nothing of the emotional toll taken by constantly reliving her own rape while also hearing the stories of other survivors. “I literally live in this dark world of rape and sexual violence, 24/7,” Tracy says. But two decades after that night in Corvallis, she also says she wouldn’t take it back, as it has brought her to her current life and purpose. “Somebody has to be out there talking about survivors, and that’s my job,” she explains, “to make sure you don’t forget about us.” Jason Cohen of StreetRoots interviewed Brenda about her experiences.
Jason Cohen: We’ve spoken several times over the past six months, and there is always some new incident or new development. When the news broke of how Ohio State coach Urban Meyer handled — or didn’t handle — the domestic violence allegations against one of his assistants, a lot of people thought he was done.
Brenda Tracy: I thought it was encouraging when they immediately put him on suspension. When we look at Hollywood and we look at the #MeToo movement and you see Matt Lauer getting dismissed, it was kind of like, “okay, is that finally coming to sports? Are we going to say this is unacceptable when it’s one of the most powerful coaches?” But money and winning won out again. The report they did was like, “We know he’s wrong. All of this is not okay.” But you’re just going to [suspend him for only] three games anyway. It was very disappointing: a shining example of the power of a coach and a program and the culture that I’m fighting against.
Is it more challenging to deal with this in the world of football when you also have a President and a Supreme Court justice setting a bad example?
It’s not easy, but you just keep grinding and hope that somebody’s affected. We need more people like me out there working and doing things to help change this culture. It’s not like anybody can deny that there’s bad things going on. It kind of feels like an earthquake hit, and there’s all this rubble, and it’s like, what do we do with it now? But the fact that we’re even talking about these things is progress. It used to be you didn’t talk about any of this. No one came forward to share their personal stories, and no one was being held accountable because you weren’t even saying that there was a problem.
Your pinned tweet about the #SetTheExpectation campaign is a video clip of four college coaches you’ve worked with. The message — “It’s time for every coach to step up and set the expectation: that sexual violence and physical abuse are never okay” — seems so simple. A sentiment nobody could disagree with.
It seems simple. I think there’s something about going on record, making a public stand on this issue, and saying that you’re going to do this. That in itself is an act of courage. Some of my trolls and naysayers, they talk about the fact that hardly anyone has signed the #SetTheExpectation pledge. Well, the pledge is not a joke. It’s clearly saying for the coach, you’re going to hold your players accountable, and your staff, and yourself. It’s not just, oh, I pledge to be a good person. Coaches have to decide: Who are you keeping on your team, and what behavior are you putting up with? What are you allowing to happen within your program? There’s been a lot of sweeping under the rug, ignoring, and minimizing. The coaches that have gone on video and said, “I will set the expectation,” I think that means something, and I would love to see more coaches do that. But some coaches aren’t ready, and that’s fine. I don’t want you to sign the pledge unless you’re willing to follow through. This isn’t about likes and clicks for me. This is about actual change and doing You say in your presentation that it’s 10 percent of men who perpetrate sexual violence and that it’s up to the other 90 percent to change that.
I think a lot of times as a society, we’re just telling young men, “You’re bad, you’re bad, you’re bad. Stop raping.” We’re not giving the good guys any tools. I tell them I’m not here because I think you’re the problem; I am here because I know that you’re the solution. Ninety percent of you are good. It’s just that you’re silent. Or you’re going along with things. Women can’t stop this and the 10 percent that are committing the crimes aren’t gonna stop it. So who does that leave? They have to come to this realization themselves. And then we can actually start having some real conversations. Are you holding each other accountable? What are you doing? What are you not doing? What about locker room talk? How do those things contribute to this culture of violence? I think sometimes people think, well, if I do nothing and I say nothing, then I’m staying out of it. But isn’t doing nothing actually doing something? Isn’t saying nothing actually saying something?
You’d previously had a #SetTheExpectation football game at Stanford, which is a major program. But there were more than 100,000 people at the Big House in Ann Arbor…
Yeah, the thing that really was different about the Michigan game was the amount of fans. And this is something that I think about a lot: being a rape survivor and having to watch tens of thousands of people cheer for the people who hurt you. I don’t know that a lot of people understand what that feels like. I do, and I know other survivors that do. So being on the field that day and having tens of thousands people cheer for me, it was a full-circle moment. I’ve had a lot of those, but I really did feel part of me heal. It meant a lot. That game and that day is proof that we can believe survivors. We are capable as a society of doing that, and as football fans, we’re capable of doing that. And I hope that we will do it more.
I feel like one thing college football fans miss out on is that it’s not just about consent and accountability but an entire value system of making sports more important than anything else. Is that part of your educational work?
Yeah, I think so. For whatever reason, some fans have a really hard time understanding that. You can be a fan and support your team and love them and cheer for them but still hold players and schools and coaches accountable for their
actions and expect more of them. It’s not one or the other. But there’s also blind allegiance. Blind fandom really does cloud people’s judgment. Cases that should be really simple: No, it’s not okay for a 15-yearold to molest a 6-year-old. But then when it becomes one of their star baseball pitchers, all of a sudden, we don’t know how to reconcile that, right? Because it’s my team. So, now we’re going to say, oh, people make mistakes, and they deserve second chances?
You are referring to Oregon State University pitcher Luke Heimlich, who removed himself from the team in 2017 when his conviction for molesting a relative became public, but returned to lead the Beavers to the College World Series championship this past season before going undrafted by Major League Baseball. Some Oregon State fans turned on you because of that.
Oh, yeah. Everyone was very supportive of me at Oregon State when I first came forward. When I called out [OSU President] Ed Ray on the Luke Heimlich thing, people got really angry. But not everyone. The fan base was divided, as they are with many of these stories. It’s frustrating, especially given my history with the school. I will be forever grateful for the way that I was treated [after 2014] and the work that we have done there, but I was just really dismayed by the way they handled that particular situation. And really upset about the way the national conversation around these issues becomes “this is just a mistake” and “people deserve second chances.” Well, what about the victim? What about her second chance? It’s so easy to just not talk about survivors and only talk about this poor perpetrator. I hate that narrative.
At the time, I think you tweeted that sports aren’t everything. You’re not taking away his humanity.
Second chances don’t have to involve playing sports. And forgiveness is not the absence of consequences. Playing sports is a privilege, not a right. You don’t get to be on a pedestal where you drive culture and you drive the national conversation and people look up to you as a role model unless you’ve earned it. Character matters, and I don’t know why people have such an issue with that. I literally get threatened and called names because I believe that rapists and child molesters should not get to play college and professional sports. This whole thing of “second chances,” all that means to me is, “We want to win.”
And that’s rape culture. Sometimes I don’t think sports fans understand the term. They think it means that everyone who participates in the culture is a rapist.
No. It’s minimizing certain things. What drives culture is attitudes and beliefs. I focus on sports because there’s nothing bigger in America. Sports is our religion, especially men’s basketball and football. It’s really molding hearts and minds. People get mad at me like, “Leave sports alone.” No! Those are the stories, and these are the people that are driving cultural attitudes and beliefs about survivors. We have to address misogyny, we have to address victimblaming, we have to address this rape culture, because all of that, unfortunately, is really ingrained in some of our institutions, and in some of our men and coaches. Victim-blaming really is at the heart of all of this. We completely take all of the accountability and responsibility from the perpetrator and put it all onto the victim. “She’s in it for the money.” “She shouldn’t have drank.” “She shouldn’t have been there.” “He couldn’t have done this.” “He’s such a good guy.” Because as a fan, if I can just blame her, then I don’t have to do anything. I don’t have to hold anyone accountable. I can still cheer for my team and cheer for my favorite player because if she hadn’t gone there, and if she hadn’t drank, none of this would be happening.
Do you ever feel like getting off of Twitter?
I don’t, and I do actually think my trolls serve a purpose. People really are surprised if they don’t follow me — they don’t see the hate that I receive. Like, why would people threaten you? They don’t realize that this is what rape survivors go through. Especially if you go public and you start talking about these things. But this is why a lot of us don’t come forward, and why we don’t voice our opinions and push back against misogyny and rape culture. So for me, the trolls kind of expose themselves, and expose the ugliness of what we deal with.
How do you know who should be ignored versus who should be called out?
You know, it just depends. One of the things I’ve been really battling is people who think that I shouldn’t get paid as a speaker, and they spend a lot of time trying to discredit me. Saying that I only care about money; [that] I don’t care about survivors. There should be no shame attached to a rape survivor getting paid to speak. The same thing happens any time a rape survivor tries to sue a perpetrator, or the school. The first thing is, oh, she’s money-hungry. She just wants a payday. It’s ridiculous. There’s nobody that woke up and said, “You know what? I want to make a lot of money, so I’m going to get raped. And then I’m going to sue somebody.” Unfortunately, we buy into it, right? When I first came forward with my story, people said you might be able to sue Oregon State University, and I didn’t want to. I didn’t want to at all. I was like, no, no, no; people will think I’m a gold digger. I had bought into all those stereotypes. I ultimately decided not to sue Oregon State. But those stereotypes are a weapon used against us to try to discredit
us and to silence us. There’s a civil system for a reason. If you have been wronged, you are due compensation for the harm that has been done to you, and rape survivors, we go through some of the most significant trauma and harm there is. It’s sad to me that we’re not encouraged to use the civil system, and it bothers me that the criminal system is so broken. Any avenue of justice we try to use, it doesn’t bode well for us at all.
You’ve previously — and successfully — lobbied for new Oregon laws regarding the criminal statute of limitations for rape, as well as evidence testing. Do you have anything in the works for future legislative sessions?
One of the things I would like to address is the civil statute of limitations, which is two years. Which means that if you are a freshman in college and you get raped and you want to bring a lawsuit, you probably have to sue your school while you’re still going there, which is ridiculous. Some victims don’t want to sue because they can’t deal with reliving the details of their trauma. Having seen you speak, I know it’s still right there for you every single day.
I have to go right back into that apartment. Every time I stand on a stage and speak, I have to go right back into that apartment and explain to them all the ugly details of what happened to me. And that’s hard, but I think it’s also necessary. If I say to you, I was gangraped for six hours by four men, I don’t know what that means to you. But if I tell you the details of that night and what exactly happened to me, then it becomes more real, and you’re not able to minimize it and make it into something that feels good for you. Because it’s not, right? You have to understand how disgusting and horrifying and horrible this is, so that you can understand how this affected my life, and why we all need to get involved to make sure that no one goes through this. I really have learned the power of personal testimony. A lot of people will have never really talked to a survivor. They’ve never heard these stories. I talk about suicide, I talk about domestic violence, sexual assault, being a single mother. I really could be your mom or your sister or your cousin or somebody you know. It really changes that for them.
Photo pg. 10-11: Brenda Tracy stands on the Michigan sideline with head football coach Jim Harbaugh during the Sept. 8 game against Western Michigan. Harbaugh made Tracy honorary captain after she spoke to the team about her #SetTheExpectation campaign to combat rape culture (Courtesy of University of Michigan Athletics). Photo above: Brenda Tracy joins U.S. Sen. Jeff Merkley last year. They participated in a panel discussion at Portland State University, along with U.S. Sen. Ron Wyden, to discuss the Trump administrations' rollback of Obama-era policies on how colleges should handle sexual assaults (Courtesy of Jeff Merkley’s Office). I think because I have my sons, I feel more inclined to want to walk into rooms full of young men. I have a lot of reason to be angry with men, but because I have sons, I can’t not see the good in men. It’s men that have hurt me, but it’s men that I want to work with and it’s men who have helped heal me. This football machine created the men who raped me. But it’s still the machine that I want to work within to change things. I can’t imagine doing anything else right now.
Courtesy of Street Roots / INSP.ngo
CALL TO ACTION
On November 29, Betsy DeVos proposed to amend Title IX regulations which could: remove Title IX protections for campus rape and sexual assault victims, require schools to ignore rape and harassment that occurs off campus, and require victims to be cross-examined by their attacker’s attorney. Putting stricter requirements on the definition of sexual harassment and assault, the location it occurs, and how it is reported, and by whom, hurts the victim and compromises campus safety for all students. These rules will ultimately result in fewer survivors coming forward. These rules would also apply when the abuser is a professor, teacher, coach, or physician. Men like Jerry Sandusky, Larry Nassar, and Brock Turner would be less likely to be reported.
By law, the Trump administration cannot finalize or implement these changes until they have gone through a public notice and comment period open until January 28, 2019. After the comment period, the U.S. Department of Education (USDE) has to review each comment and either make changes to the rules, or explain why they’ve ignored that element of the public opinion. According to the National Women’s Law Center, the more unique comments they receive, the harder it will be for them to implement these changes legally.
WHAT YOU CAN DO:
• Sign the National Women’s Law Center’s petition asking
DeVos to extend the 60-day comment period (current deadline January 28). • Comment online to the U.S. Department of Education (USDE). • Write and mail or deliver your comments to: Brittany Bull,
U.S. Department of Education, 400 Maryland Ave SW, Room 6E310, Washington, D.C. 20202. • Share your letters and photos online at #HandsOffIX.
Be sure to include the Docket ID Number (ED-2018-OCR-0064) and the RIN (1870-AA14) for this proposed rule at the top of your comment.
For more information visit the National Women’s Law Center at nwlc.org/respect-students.
