U YU GYU WU PORTFOLIO 吳勇諭作品集
U YU GYU WU PORTFOLIO
Why I want to study architecture? Soaked in design for 8 years, what I want to do is more and bigger, and architecture has become a goal of mine. I grew up in Shi Luo Town of Yun Ling County, watching old streets since childhood, and now also see some old houses in Taipei as I worked here. I really like something old but new, but what I saw in Taipei do not work that way. As a designer, It always reminds me while I see problems but I can't solve them. If I can, I want to devote myself to changing something wrong as it also makes me feel bad, and it might be an issue or an environment. From industrial design to interior design, I experience personally that it might a common situation that what I did are all aiming for few people. But I don't want just these, and I think I can make more, also more people get help, if I turn my way to architecture. I think greedily I can get even greater sense of accomplishment from it. No matter the interest in architecture or the sense of mission either identification, it makes me be eager for entering the world of architecture. Architecture is the road which can makes me integrate what I've learned before.
00 Why I want to study architecture?
U YU GYU WU
Contents
PORTFOLIO
Space
Chapter 1 /Matrix Creations-Series 1
05-12
/Matrix Creations-Series 2
13-22
/Transformation
23-28
/Interior design
29-32
A space from Misreading
A space from observation in daily life
From CNC Machining Centers to Space.
Floor plan & Rendering
Chapter2
Sketching
/Color Pencil
35-36
/Color Pencil+Marker
37-38
Space Describing Space Describing
/Water Color Streets
01
39-40
Chapter 3
Product & Graphic 43-44
/ShoppingTrolley Trolley-Generation
45-46
/Product design /GonChair
21' Century Writer Furniture workshop
/HookLight Lanterns
/HITACHI-2008
UI design for Air-conditioning
47-48
/Exhibition-Somebody/Nobody Publication, NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MUSEUM
49-52
/Photography
Chapter 4 /CV
About me 55-56
Autobiography
02 Contents
U YU GYU WU PORTFOLIO
Chapter 1
Space
/Interior design
From CNC Machining Centers to Space.
/Transformation
A space from observation in daily life
/Matrix Creations-Series 2
A space from Misreading
/Matrix Creations-Series 1
Matrix Creations-Series 1 A space from Misreading Concept Make THEO VAN DOESBURG's card player as the basis of development, it trys to distinguish the component by a subjective way, and analyzes the outcome to respond to the original work.
Air
Background
Point Color Character
Background: Square Air: the space Point: bottle Color: green> human blue> cards Character: The color highlights the leading actor.
2
1 1
1
2
2
3
4
05 Matrix Creations-Series 1
4
3
Separate the space as four layers:
1 3
3
4
2
4
1.background 2.the people behind the players 3.wooden partition 4.the players
2
1
1 1
1
2
Analysis Try to imagine what happened after the card player entering the bar, and as a basis to continue to the next.
Dance
Drink
Enter
GAME
Poker
Drunk
Vomit
Clean
Eat
Fight
Mediate
Waiter
Darts
Carry
Cook
Cooker
Soccer Table
Mixology
BAR
Bartender
DJ
Band
Inside the picture is the first step prototype for representing the situation as the card player being the center.
06
Visualize Make these motions into pictures, and analyze them for figuring out what verbs become them individually.
The following models are the prototypes from the development of key words, and re-compose of square units or deformed body. (from left to right by making order)
07 Matrix Creations-Series 1
Climbing around the center column, pierced out by spiking stuff and becomes the main shaft.
Classification Separate the verbs shown up by their features, and select the key words as a basis for the following development of space. And the key words are: Deformation, Going through, Combination, Agglutination, and Path changing.
Flatten
squash, pat, squeeze
Bust hit, split, spray
Work along a fixed path by a square deformed body, and becomes its space.
Going through
drill
Combination hit, paste
Split
split
Deformation
pull, shake, pinwheel, twist
Agglutination
Rebound
hit, paste, stack, lift, crutch
hit
Cross
drill, cross, “voice”
Path changing friction, shake, slide, throw, flip, cross
Learned that the main features of the first two models are “Winding” and “Climbing”
08
Transform According to the key words and the model features, show the towers as boxes after set up the position of the tower, and link them together, winding toward the top even more and becoming much bigger lands and towers.
Comment & Suggestions: 1.It needs to consider the slope for linking different levels. 2.The formation of path is boring. Set its function and story by the space of path, land, and tower.
09 Matrix Creations-Series 1
It can be seen a lot of paths parallel and pile up by this viewpoint.
And you can see the crossing of the paths by this viewpoint. There are places for people to stay at the corner of the paths – those are lands.
10
Evolution Draw the crossing paths on the paper, separate them as surface A, B, and C, and then fix them together vertically. A
Combination
B
C
C
B
A
Top view
Pictorial drawing
After fixing surface A, B, C you will see the crossing paths and many interesting spaces.
11 Matrix Creations-Series 1
Standing walls seen like flying barrier. You can see crossing stair from interstice.
C
The main features “Winding”, “Climbing” and key wordsDeformation, Going through, Combination, Agglutination, and Path changing that still shown up.
A B
By combining the path and others, the astonishing space shown up.
12
Matrix Creations-Series 2 A space from observation in daily life Concept Find multi-level and multi-texture pictures around your daily life, record them and then re-translate the details of the pictures by lines depended on your observation.
Layer 1-Mesh wire Layer 2-Fences Layer 3-Window
The pictures I took where is tiny alley behind the restaurant.
13 Matrix Creations-Series 2
By distinguishing rust, scars and contact surfaces by lines, you can see borderline clearly.
14
Analysis Pick up two colors and make five gradient colors, totally seven colors, adding colors and set borders, and also come out the overall feature – “covered piecemeal.”
These four colors appear for “Time”.
These two colors appear for “ physical condition”.
Last one appear for space in “object”.
15 Matrix Creations-Series 2
Shown up the state and borderline feature by painting with acrylic color
Experiment-cement I tried different ways by cement, including filling the mold, freezing, mixing and shape forming, and finally used sealant, gypsum and common cement to do a model which has a shape like sunken swirly to center. Not only try any possibilities, I presented the former step's feature by crossing and lapping the textures – covered piecemeal.�
Mold
Freezing
Mold
mix textile & cement Wooden ball Coated
gypsum
common cement
sealant
Developed view The arrow points the entrance of Whirlpool cement model.
16
Classification
Visualize
Observe the part of the model, imagining how these lines will be after them become space.
Imagine the part shot before and then comes out to be picture no.9 after change them into pictures.
Corresponding
17 Matrix Creations-Series 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
18
Transform Expressing the property of last work as a habitable space.
Story: Inhabitants are five young guys who come to metropolis from other sides for work or study. Based on economic reason, they choose to rent a share house with strangers.
Character: Wanderer is just like migratory birds. People from everywhere meet together just like meet on a tree, and the nests are linked by branches and leaves , set inside separately.
At home:
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Student Salaryman Writer Freeter
The space: Make a box as the shaft from an 8 x 8 square meter base. The stairs and the passages are branches, stretching to every room and rest place.
Room Distribution 19 Matrix Creations-Series 2
20
22
24
Every room is just like a nest, and tenants come back home just like tired bird homing, so the public space will be important.
Room Distribution
Corridor Distribution
One of the room modering 20
3D model
Back view
Front view Each rooms designed with big window, because of appear and bright space .
3D Rendering-Floor plan The recreation area comes with crossing stairs and corridors.
21 Matrix Creations-Series 2
1F
2F
3F
roof
Floor plan
Recreation Area rendering
22
Transformation
From CNC Machining Centers to Space. Concept This is a semi-finished product, and it has many parts in the main body, maybe it's the reason why I can feel the space every time I saw it.
23 Transformation
Transform Make stiff industrial machine curvy through the melting concept, and it becomes an art gallery. The place round and hollowed becomes a glass greenhouse.
This space is fit for publication because of its extension part.
?
24
Location
Art gallery
The location is the garden next to the parking of Yangmingshan National Park.
Visualize center-glass house sakura imagine sketch
25 Transformation
Floor Plan
4F plan Terrace and exhibit area
3F plan Lounge and exhibit area
2F plan Theater and exhibit area
1F plan The entrance of glass house and exhibit area
26
Section A-A’ A
A’
top view
27 Transformation
glass house
resting room sculptural arts
theater
paintings
publication
0
150
300
450
600
750
900 cm
28
Interior design Floor plan & Rendering
High ceiling house interior design The split-level apartment which with high-ceilinged floors located in 南港璞園. The first floor is a private garden for households. The apartment whole space feeling is connected appear and bright.
Householder By the owner's mother who usually lived alone, so the main consideration of style will follow her taste.
Style We have to make sure the variety of design following the owner's career and growing children. It's entirely in requirement that would looked like a gallery and functional.
29 Interior design
Floor plan
2D Rendering-entrance
The walls stuck with marble and metal tiles, and stair covered with styling net.
2D Rendering-living room
30
2
1
3
4
1.Looking to living room 2.Looking to entrance door 3.Master bathroom(face to the door) 4.Master bathroom(back to the door) 5.squint angle
31 Interior design
5
32
U YU GYU WU PORTFOLIO
Chapter 2
Sketching
Streets
/Water Color
Space Describing
/Color Pencil+Marker
Space Describing
/Color Pencil
Color Pencil Space Describing Sometimes when I saw several pictures or the scenes in my mind, I drew on paper like this.
35 Color Pencil
36
Color Pencil+Marker Space Describing I could present what subject I'm interested from these series, and they're mainly imagination or old stories.
37 Color Pencil+Maker
3 1 2
4
1.Angkor Wat 2.dragon 3.chinese city 4.fantasy
38
Water Color Streets Watercolor is the tool I'm not familiar with most, but now I want to be proficient in it.
39 Water Color
Lane 223, Section 4, Zhongxiao East Rd
Alley 7, Lane 205, Section 4, Zhongxiao East Rd
Lane 181, Section 4, Zhongxiao East Rd
Lane 187, Section 1, Dunhua South Rd
Section 4, Zhongxiao East Rd
40
U YU GYU WU PORTFOLIO
Chapter 3
Product & Graphic
Inspire the Next
HITACHI
/Photography
Publication, NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MUSEUM
/Exhibition-Somebody/Nobody
UI design for Air-conditioning
HITACHI-2008
Lanterns
HookLight
21' Century Writer Furniture workshop
GonChair
/Product design
Trolley-Generation
/ShoppingTrolley
ShoppingTrolley Trolley-Generation Concept Rather saying designing a product, I prefer to saying that advocating of a living attitude produces it. Satisfy a basic need and a new shopping style, everyone should have a shopping cart. Provided by the market at first, and then make people get used to avoiding waste of food.
Designer Yungyu Wu Chengguang Liu Yikai Liu
43 ShoppingTrolley
44
GonChair
HookLight
21' Century Writer Furniture workshop
Lanterns
drink tea cool off Scholars
outdoor
reading
form
bench
Taiwan culture
供
meaning
GonChair
indoor
榫鉚 &
Craft
結合中國經典形制 強調個人風格與集體情感為導向
Exploded
連結產品與行為導向的方向切入
Designer
Designer
Yungyu Wu
Yungyu Wu Chengguang Liu
45 Product design
Yikai Liu
HITACHI-2008 UI design for Air-conditioning
It's a hanging light, and also a portable light. / Release you flashlight. / A light used when emergent. / Now let it can be well used in daily life. / Simple structure. / A design focused on functional. Less is more.
かぜ と
ひたち
Share
Climate, ambience
Paris
File Vent：simulate the Climate and ambience
Tactile: Temperature, Humidity Vision: Video
LED ：simulate the light Projection： menu
HITACHI
Inspire the Next
Collection
Replay
Climate, ambience
Climate, ambience
combine household appliances and Air-con
Vision(photo)：TV, monitor Hearing(music)：speaker
Color plan
Life style
HITACHI
HITACHI
Greatest Common Divisor
Searching.....
friends
friends
friends
Temperature:
Paris
6.5 c
HITACHI
Inspire the Next
Humidity:
55
Paris
Wind velocity:
%
12
08:30
London
Tokyo
km/h
friends
08:30
friends
08:30
friends
08:30
What teenagers prefer influences what people will purchase in the future
Aesthetics trend
Future Space
Designer Yungyu Wu Chengguang Liu
Yangyu Wang Kaiping Liu
Tingyi Yang Haoyu Yeh
Zhixuan Shen Yucheng Lai
46
Exhibition-Somebody/Nobody Publication, NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MUSEUM
Wall covering
Poster
Large-scale publicity
Designer Yungyu Wu
Kaiping Liu
Chengkuang Liu
Chiaming Kuo
47 Exhibition-Somebody/Nobody
Tingyi Yang
Somebody/Nobody Exhibition is a local culture exhibition for a season long for making the public get to know Kaohsiung by telling stories of famous people, and it also elevates the local identification for the residents here. Here has interactive art, and after the participants shooting their photos, they will be shown on the screen, making people get more fun.
The exhibition can stretch to the place like MRT, so it's not only a special exhibition of the museum, but also can be a city promotion, showing its added value.
現任⾼雄市市⾧
They make the viewers soaked into the situation by an image wall, which consists of some famous people from Kaohsiung, collocating with a work through a mirror concept, and make them as a part of it.
陳菊
陳菊（1950年6⽉10⽇－），⽣於臺灣宜蘭縣三星鄉， 民主進步黨籍（美麗島系、1991年後新潮流系、菊系） 中華民國政治⼈物。世界新聞專科學校畢業、國⽴中 ⼭⼤學公共事務碩⼠。曾為美麗島事件的政治犯。 曾任第幾屆國⼤代表、臺北市社會局局⾧、⾼雄市 社會局局⾧、⾏政院勞⼯委員會主任委員、及第13屆 代理民進黨黨主席，現任⾼雄市市⾧。
Wall covering of Exhibition
48
Photography
Big bang
49 Photography
Candles
50
Lighting
51 Photography
Bedtime
52
U YU GYU WU PORTFOLIO
Chapter 4
About me
/CV Autobiography
U YU GYU WU PORTFOLIO
Personal Data
Skill
Name
Yungyu Wu
Software
Birth
1987.12.23
Coreldraw, photoshop, ProE, solidworks, Vray, C4D, Autocad, sketchup, keyshot, artlantis
License
Level B technician for building interior installation and repair management
Proposal
Education 2003-2006 2006-2010
National Douliou High School Department of Industrial Design, National Kaohsiung Normal University
Work Experience
55 CV
2012/10-now
Design assistant, Chiwa Interior Design
2011/10-2012/07
RD, Jhen Tong Precision Co., Ltd
2011
The Republic of China Air Forces' 401st Tactical Fighter Wing
2009
Intern, Ideajam studio
2010 2010
Young Designers' Exhibition “HITACHI�industry-university cooperative project
2009
21' Century Writer Furniture workshop
2008
Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Ergonomics society of Taiwan
2006-2008
Public relation officer of ID department, NKNU
Autobiography My name is Yungyu Wu. I came form Yun Ling but born in Taipei. We have six members in my family, and I'm the youngest. As I watching my brother drawing pictures since I was a child, I follow them to pick up the pen and draw, and maybe that's why I decided to set my way to design. I dumped into the world of industrial design when in the college, and I make habits of the insistence of finishing the works until sunrise and the efficiency of teamwork. I started to learn how the industry works when the summer internship in the second year of college, and the attitude of chasing the ideal couldn't get out of my mind, even though it couldn't think as free as in school. The director of department said that, “If you make your mind to do design, you can't stop it, because you'll have your stage if you insist to stay.” And it always reminds me to hold up myself. When I was in the military, the leader said, ”Do the right thing at the right time,” and it always emerges in my mind. I think that is who I am, so those words impress me so deeply. After discarded from military, I wanted to get closer to the production, and enter the design team of JTP, in charge of modifying technical drawing, CNC programing, coordinating and discussing with clients, and contacting with people in charge of assembling and quality control. I worked here for about nine months, and I can approach almost every thing here though I was just in the R & D team. It was really an experience, which is not easy to get, but I left there finally because it was far from my life plan. In October,2012, I entered Chiwa Interior Design as a design assistant until now. I learned from the basic measuring, recording, drawing, partly estimating to supervision, step by step. I also use leisure time to study more, and passed Level B Technician Examination of industrial Management. But as I worked, I felt I just catered to my clients, so I want to explore the essence of space much deeper, and hope I can widen myself in design, not just for few people but the more. I think it's the romance of designers.
56
U YU GYU WU PORTFOLIO 2014
U YU GYU WU PAPER 吳勇諭研究報告
探討搭乘公車的乘客 對於內部配置及動線的滿意度與評價 一.摘要 本研究主要是針對乘客對於公車的內部配置及動線的滿意度，進而去比較內部配置與動線規劃之間的相關性，以及對於消費者滿 意度的影響性。研究主要是以公共汽車(多為12米長)作為探討對象。研究將透過兩項方式同時進行，並作統一整理，作為研究之重要 依據，首先實地觀察與針對消費者做訪談，探討乘客在搭乘的行為中，對於跟著動線行動所遇到的挫折或是問題點做訪談，並探討其 動線規劃的適切性，以及內部配置的合理性是否容易造成受傷、不便、上下車困難……等的錯誤發生，再將觀察及訪談結果做一次彙 整。同時並進行關於內部配置及動線滿意度的問卷，再將資料歸納整理，研究乘客之滿意度，最後將兩項綜合分析並提出現現階段公 車的內部配置、動線的整體評價及迫切的改良點為合，得到之結論為乘客最在意的部分為攜帶物或推車放置的問題。 關鍵詞：公共汽車、公車內部配置、動線規劃、消費者滿意度
二.研究動機與研究問題 2-1研究動機 即使目前全球最大原油消耗國美國的經濟數據欠佳，導致美元走升，使得北海布倫特原油的7月期貨價格下挫到每桶101.27美元； 西德州中級原油的7月期貨價格跌到85.86美元，但將時間軸拉長後，可以發現近幾年來原油價格依然不斷飆升調漲，而國內的油品價 格不斷上升，下圖一為四年來國內的主要油品價格趨勢，圖二為近三十年國際石油價格的統計可以看出，抑制不住不斷飆升的原油價 格，到現今國內油品平均價格已趨於每公升三十四元的大關。
圖 1、國內主要油品價格圖表
近四年 圖 2、國際石油價格圖表
近三十年
油價緊密的關係到了國人的交通習慣，習慣於人手一車的國人，油價飆升也造成了普遍的經濟壓力問題，而國內也日趨重視大眾運輸 的重要性，根據交通部去(100)年「民眾日常使用運具狀況調查」，台北市綠運輸使用率為57.5％，顯示超過半數民眾外出時，會選 擇搭乘大眾運輸或是步行、騎自行車，但同時也可以發現大眾運輸的意外事故，有逐年增加的現象，該如何預防是個重要課題。本研 究探討公車在內部配置和動線上，對於乘客的滿意度與評價，研究成果可給予相關當局一些改進或是參考之用，為的是增進公車與乘 客之間的關係性，使得乘客在乘坐上的體驗抑或是安全性都能得到滿足，並在運輸工具上可以增進品質，甚至是未來的輕軌在設計上 都可以有所參考及依據。
01
而目前的大眾運輸的情況，以公車來說，想必已造成眾人的擔憂，在於是否可以更安全、舒適的搭乘這樣的運輸設施，以下幾則 新聞報導指出了現今公車常出現的事故。 (1)公車的準點率不佳，始終讓民眾為之卻步，交通局表示，這是一大障礙，將逐漸透過路線整併，提高準確度。不少民眾都有類似的 經驗，在大雨中仍須站在人行道上，盼著公車到站，即使旁邊有騎樓可暫時避雨，因不知道公車何時到，也只能挨著站牌眼巴巴地等。 此外，「過站不停」去年高居台北市民投訴公車的第一名。為減輕乘客等公車的辛苦，未來將研擬公車像捷運一樣站站都停，或是設 置按鈕，讓司機知道有乘客要搭車。【2012/04/30 聯合報】 (2)台北市一輛指南客運八○一路公車，行經民權東路、新生北路口時，疑因天雨路滑及捷運施工路線彎曲失控，撞上對向一輛中興巴 士二八○路公車，造成十三名乘客和中興客運朱姓司機輕傷，送醫後均無大礙。警方雖立即處理，但救護工作仍造成附近交通受阻近 一個小時。由於撞擊力道猛烈，兩輛公車均車頭損毀、車前擋風玻璃破裂，當時兩輛公車上各有十多名乘客，其中十三名乘客因突如 其來事故摔倒或碰撞，造成身體擦傷，中興巴士朱姓駕駛也掛彩。【2004/05/21 聯合報】 (3)有民眾表示，他的母親搭乘台北汽車客運股份有限公司307公車，因司機突然緊急煞車，導致母親跌倒，前額及頭部側面撞擊車內 硬物，流血不止，身上有多處挫傷。【中央社】 (4)台中客運司機林東源今天上午駕駛車牌號碼ＦＰ─４４８的客車，從台中開往埔里的途中，在台中市建國路一一五號前轉彎時，後 安全門突然洞開，目前就讀明德女中高二及高三的張涵及游以恩，雙雙被摔出車外，事發當時司機仍然繼續開車，直到有乘客高喊有 人摔車，司機才停車查看。【2006/02/13 中央社】 (5) 台南市一名婦人與她的丈夫及小孩搭乘公車前往火車站，在上車時將攜帶的嬰兒車放在座位上，遭司機說：「妳們四個人佔了幾 個位子？沒跟妳收行李費就不錯了」，讓該名婦人和民眾直呼離譜！而在新北市發生一名婦人推嬰兒車，準備要搭乘永和區的接駁公 車，而司機卻告訴她，現在是尖峰時刻嬰兒車最好不要上車，請離峰的時間再搭乘，氣得婦人向公所投訴，而得到「大型物件、危險 品、易燃物的確不得攜帶上車」的回應。【2012/03/14 台南\地方新聞】 即使是其他的交通運輸工具也是一樣，意外總是會有發生的可能性，但如何有效的降低甚至是避免發生，而不是在民眾「必須」 使用的情況下還要帶著危險，進而減低了乘坐的品質，動線規劃也是一樣的道理，引導乘客做正確的、預期中的路線和行為，才不致 造成混亂，在公車上的情況是前後門皆會有同時開啟或是上下車收費的問題。本研究就是以內部配置和動線兩方面作為主要探討的對 象，並且直接與乘客接觸，在早期就針對問題提出改善。並藉由實地調查及問卷來了解乘客之滿意度與評價，以利相關當局或是未來 研究之參考依據。
2-2研究問題 (一)、公車動線規劃對於消費者滿意度的影響。公車動線的規劃，影響了乘客的行為，如果規劃的不好，容易產生擁擠的空間或推擠造 成受傷及不悅的體驗，甚至在尖峰時刻的乘車也是需要有著周全的規劃，利用實地觀察、訪談和問卷來釐清乘客對於公車動線之規劃的 問題點並探討其關係性。 (二)、公車內部配置對於消費者滿意度的影響。內部配置影響了乘客的行為和體驗，也是利用實地觀察、訪談及問卷來了解乘客與內部 配置相互之間的影響，並探討其關係性。 (三)、公車的內部配置及動線對於滿意度的相對關係。針對以上兩點所就研究並加以統一整理，探討兩者之間的相關性，並做出評價分 析，針對問題點做釐清與改革建議。
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三.文獻回顧與探討 3-1公車的發展趨勢 3-1-1大眾運輸--公共汽車發展史 台北府城設立之初，光緒十三年(西元1887年)劉銘傳從上海購進人力車150輛，行駛於城內、艋舺和大稻埕清之末間，台北於是 有了第一批"準公共運輸"系統。日治時代，1922年日本人創設"台灣自動車株式會社"，為台北公共運輸的濫觴，後來因為經營不善轉 手由本省人自辦，更名為"台北汽車公司"，到了1930年則由市役所(市政府)徵購歸屬市產。當時的公車路線是以台北車站為中心呈輻 狀，服務範圍不大，平均每日載運乘客約一萬人，大部分的市民往來市區除了步行、騎腳踏車，就是搭乘人力車。 戰後百廢待舉，原有的公車由新市府公共汽車管理處接管，1946年堪用的公車只有18輛，服務的路線縮減為8條。反倒是隨著國 民政府遷台，上海的三輪車大量湧入，憑著機械化"跑得快"的優勢迫使人力車數量銳減而終致消失，三輪車一下子躍為最重要的營業 運輸工具。1949年台北市就有5847輛三輪車，大約為1946年統計數量的100倍。學生乘車，在車少人多混亂夾雜情形下，爭先恐後 ，秩序最差，學生車禍，時有所聞。當時台北市的道路交通委安全員會於當年開始試辦學生專車專站措施。機動車的時代裡，1969 年起台北陸續有欣欣、大南、光華和大有4家民營公共汽車公司加入營運，當年的乘總人次約390,000,000人，1975年到達高峰約 900,000,000人次，之後公共運輸運量開始下降，即使1976年底公營公車業者整合聯營，但頹勢已現，往日雄風難振。 1975年台北市由公共運輸所承擔的運量還超過50%；到了1981年，公共運輸就只承擔42%左右的運量；1991年公共運輸承擔的 運量降到27%；1996年台北市的公共運量只占全市總旅次的24%；直到現在由於環保和油價，大眾運輸使用率再度上昇。 (參考"行行復行行--台北大眾交通"特展)
3-1-2低底盤公車的推廣 現今公車設計盛行後製引擎，將引擎至於車輛後部，可以壓低車子底盤的高度，連帶亦可讓車內地板高度略為降低，而雖然此種 公車仍然有階梯的存在，但相較於原先公車之底盤高度較低，因此稱為「低底盤公車」（Low Floor Bus）。而相較於「低底盤公車」 ，近來又有所謂的「超低底盤公車」（Super Low Floor Bus或稱 Non-step Bus 無階梯公車）的誕生（下圖3），顧名思義，此款巴 士的底盤又更低，甚至可以達到車內地板無高度差（即無須階梯），自車門上車後無須再踏上任何階梯，車輛地板採用平面或緩坡設 計，甚至可於車門加設斜坡渡板始輪椅、嬰兒車等更方便上車。『世界第一台超低底盤公車，是由英國 Bristol 生產的 Lodekka 公車 ，由於該種車款將其傳動軸從原本置於車中央另改置於車右側，因此雖然該車款是為傳統前製引擎，但仍然能做出上車無階梯的超低 底盤。』
圖 3 低底盤公車
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而此處所要談及的即是這種「超低底盤公車」，台灣地區所稱的「低底盤公車」其實就是指此種目前全台灣服務中的低底盤公車 僅 54 輛，就算是加上了已在預定計畫中的數量也只有 442 輛，而全台灣目前有五十多家的客運業者（包含離島地區、不包含國道客 運業者），以這個數字去分配，全台灣平均每家客運業者僅能拿到八輛的低底盤公車。因此來看，目前台灣的低底盤公車算是相當少 見，仍然有待加強。 另外，目前台灣的低底盤公車斜坡渡板皆設在後門，可是這是手動的，因此有需要時仍須尋求司機的協助，也因此司機的素質等 等也是需要事先經過一番訓練方可駕駛。而民眾的反應更是一大挑戰，多數人會認為「這種公車其實就和一般公車無異」並不是沒有 道理，畢竟他們會這麼想，可能因為本身並沒有特殊需求。另外由於造價較一般公車貴，政府又未積極規劃補助辦法鼓勵業者購買更 換，這也是目前台灣低底盤公車仍然不普及的原因之一。
3-1-3公車內部規劃 1.通常為博愛座或行李放置位。 2.博愛座或普通座位。 3.最末端的中間，於煞車時會有危險。 4.常見座位有相向的方式和同2號一樣的方式。 5.最末端接近引擎及震動最大的地方，偏高。 6.後半部一般的雙人座。 *前門上下車皆有，後門只有上車。
(7)、(8)為尖峰時段之景象。
(1)~(6)為離峰時段的景象。 (1)圖為一般公共汽車，直桿上有 下車鈴，乘客也會有帶推車、嬰 兒車的可能性，在乘客人數少的 情況下堪用，但一手抓扶手另一 手拉著嬰兒車，有其危險性。
(4)在沒位子時，站位的情形，都 以能靠著座位優先。
(2)拉環在離峰時段顯得很多。
(5)公車內直立扶手大多12~14支 ，行動不方便的人士，移動都會 需要使用。
(3)走道很空曠，動線很清晰，移 動或行走方便。人少的時候，乘 客都習慣性坐走道旁。
(6)座位剛好坐滿，直立扶手的兩 種常見使用方式。
(7)超出負荷的數量，多數人已經 沒有可以維持身體平衡的輔助， 不論是移動或是下車都有困擾； 再下車鈴的部分也無法搆及。 (車內景象)
(8)於尖峰時段，乘客會盡可能地 擠上車，而這也造成了危險。 (由車外所得景象)
(9)下圖為公車內三類乘客可支撐身體之裝置
1.普通的抓持，站立和坐著都會 出現的方式。 2.抓持+倚靠，是站著的乘客常 出現的方式。
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3-1-5各國比較
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3-1-6小結 歐美系的比亞洲系多了點悠閒，在使用上，乘客也不至於到了擁擠的地步，較少的座位較大的空間、兩截或兩層式的公車，與台 灣較密集的座位、走道的景象剛好呈對比。 根據以上五點，主要還是人口密度的關係造成大眾運輸的使用情形有所不同，位居人口密度列表中第十名的台灣對於大眾運輸的 需求有逐年增高的趨勢，以公車為例，若只是以目前朝向全面低底盤公車是不夠的，車內的配置是須配合著地區而有所不同，以此作 為基礎，並不是車體有很大的差異性，而是藉由一些附加的裝備來提升並達到乘客的滿意度。
3-2永續大眾運輸發展政策-建立人本與公平交通環境 推動大眾運輸必須要重視人本環境之塑造，由於大眾運輸無法如私人運具提供門到門(Door-to-Door)的服務，因而步行、候車 環境與轉乘空間之規劃設計就極為重要。過去以「車」為主體的交通設施與路口街道配置方式，必須從新以乘客的人本理念出發， 從規劃、設計、與營運管理各方面進行改造。對於自行車之角色，亦應針對都市規模將其與大眾運輸系統整合規劃；行政院宣布在全 島建構民眾通勤通學用的兩千五百公里自行車道，已獲得國際上即為正面的迴響，這是符合永續發展、人本思維的具體政策。當乘客 感受到自家出門能安全步行或騎乘自行車到捷運或公車站台、有舒適候車空間、動態資訊顯示公車到達時間，低底盤公車與符合人體 工學的內部設計，同時在轉車換乘時獲得合理優惠費率、預估到達目的地之時間，而下車後同樣有寬敞安全步行空間或接駁候車環境 ，這一人本交通環境是吸引民眾使用大眾運輸的基本要求。
3-3消費者滿意度 「滿意度」是各研究用來測量人們對任何事物（產品，環境，文化）品質之衡 量指標，由於是一種主觀偏好，與個人心目中的標準有很大的相關性。而「消費者 行為」，簡單來說是以心理學為核心，研究消費者從接受產品資訊，訂定消費決策 ，以及決策後反應之一系列過程之行為科學，不單是指消費當下的決定過程。更有 學者提出，消費者行為所提出之取得，使用，以及處理行為是一種發生在不同時空 的「動力程序」，參閱吳靜芳、劉典嚴、謝惠娟（民92）。 若將乘客搭乘公車是為購買行為，並將公車相關事項如運輸、票務服務、人員 服務、實體場所等視為產品，則對於乘客的各項滿意度之反應是屬於售後的評估， 而本研究主要在於實體場所內的內部配置及動線規畫，近而去探討乘客的滿意度與 評價。消費者決策歷程由下圖簡示。
䃧 4、消費者決策
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歷程之簡化模式【摘至劉坤潔， 2006，台鐵乘客之滿意度分析】
四.研究步驟與方法 研究流程 本研究將分為七個階段，第一階段將搭乘公車做實地的觀察，及記錄一些當下 發生之事件。第二階段為觀察車站內預期的路線和動線，第三階段再實地記錄乘客 的行為，利用數位相機錄影紀錄乘客在整個過程的行為，並針對受紀錄乘客對於剛 剛之過程做訪問。諸如推擠、碰撞及上下車……等問題點做訪談。第四階段發放內 部配置及動線問卷探討乘客對其兩項的滿意度。第五階段再將最後前幾個階段得到 的各個資料統整，做出結論。最後一個階段是根據結論，給予現階段公車所得到的 評價及可行之改良處。 調查採用「實地觀察法」，包括兩部分，第一部份客觀地紀錄調查乘客的搭乘 行為。第二部分運用「行為測繪法」〈Behavioral mapping〉，記錄觀察車內的 乘客使用內部裝置之前後關係。最常使用數位相機或是攝影機作為紀錄之工具。調 查對象將設定為公車上之乘客（參考陳姿伊，2007）。 圖 5、研究流程圖
五.實例驗證與討論 問卷結果 5-1-1動線規劃滿意度調查 上車動線規劃 有四項，分別為1.由公車出入口進入公車時(滿意30%、還好40%、不滿意30%) 2.經過刷卡及付費區(非常滿意10%、滿意30%、還好40%、不滿意20%) 3.經付費區到座位區(滿意40%、還好30%、不滿意30%) 4.由走道到達位子---不論站位或座位(滿意30%、還好40%、不滿意30%)
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逃生路線 1.由位子到逃生門或出入口(滿意30%、還好70%) 2.由逃生門或出入口離開公車(滿意10%、還好70%、不滿意20%)
對於公車內部的動線規劃的滿意度 (滿意40%、還好30%、不滿意30%)
5-1-2小結 對於動線規劃部分，基本上與歐美的雙層巴士不同，皆是單一路線，只有一個方向，所以可變動程度不高，於此由問卷可得乘客 的選擇都大致平均分佈在滿意、還好、不滿意，在習慣一動線的情況下，可改進的部分即是走道的寬度變化，來改善乘客於車內行動 的不便。
5-2車內空間規畫滿意度調查 空間設計 1.地面間距到公車入口(非常滿意10%、滿意20%、還好60%、不滿意10%) 2.出入口到走道(非常滿意10%、滿意30%、還好40%、不滿意20%) 3.小折、行李、推車--菜籃車或嬰兒車等放置 (還好10%、不滿意60%、非常不滿意30%) 4.下車鈴之配置(滿意50%、還好20%、不滿意30%) 5.座位及走道間距(滿意20%、還好70%、不滿意10%) 6.窗戶配置(滿意70%、還好30%) 7.冷氣孔配置(滿意10%、還好60%、不滿意30%)
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保護人體平衡之設備 1.公車拉環之高度及數量配置(還好80%、不滿意20%) 2.座位上扶手之配置(滿意50%、還好20%、不滿意30%) 3.非座位之扶手，如走道間的任何橫桿(滿意50%、還好20%、不滿意30%)
對於公車整體空間規畫的滿意度 (滿意20%、還好50%、不滿意30%)
5-2-2小結 在觀察中可發現，乘客攜帶物品和持推車或嬰兒車的比例不低，而其不便程度可想而知，所以在空間設計部分可得到結果，不滿 意總比例平均占不到三成，除小折、行李、推車--菜籃車或嬰兒車放置還好部分10%、不滿意達60%、非常不滿意達30%，代表大眾 對於此一問題的注重程度，所以主要以攜帶推車類做空間改善方向；保護人體平衡部分也是屬於乘客可接受範圍，重點還是在乘客流 量影響使用的滿意度。以攜帶物的放置作為第一改善要項。
5-3標示及軟體滿意度調查
5-3-1公車標示設計 1.公車外路線之標示，如39、617或藍1等字樣(滿意50%、還好20%、不滿意30%) 2.上下車付費之標示(滿意50%、還好10%、不滿意40%) 3.博愛座之提示(滿意70%、還好30%) 4.公車內顯示器之訊息呈現(滿意60%、還好40%) 5.下車鈴的提示，如鈴聲發亮等(非常滿意20%、滿意50%、還好10%、不滿意20%) 6.車內廣播系統的效果(非常滿意10%、滿意20%、還好50%、不滿意20%) 7.逃生門及逃生裝備之使用標示(滿意50%、還好30%、不滿意20%)
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5-3-2小結 乘客比較常注意到的標示即是付費標示，其他部分則較少，在問卷部分的公車標示和軟體部分不滿意唯一過三成是上下車付費標 示達40%，其餘部分則是近平均，所以得到結論為最為注意的部分卻是問題最明顯的地方，為改善點。
5-4乘坐公車整體滿意度調查 (滿意40%、還好50%、不滿意10%)
六.結論 由以上得知，公共汽車在不同地區會扮演著不同的角色，而單就車體的設計可發現，人們在公車上的行動可分為兩類，分別是 一個步驟及兩個步驟，舉例來說，按下車鈴屬一個步驟，就直接按下；而付費的部分，則是需要看著指示後再判斷是上車付費還是 下車付費。在兩種的行動模式上產生的問題，屬後者會產生較多的不滿意，於此可以後者的方式來判斷乘客搭乘公共汽車的行為， 發現問題點，再進行改良。先以問卷的的結果當作最急切性的問題點，來做為改良的第一步，主要發現比較有共識的有兩點，分別 是1.空間規劃中的推車及嬰兒車放置問題，2.空間標示中的上下車付費標示之問題。先以第一點配合尖峰時刻可以從走道及座位之變 化來調配空間寬度，再加上扶手的改變進行第一件改良；第二點的部分則是從辨別度和易察覺來著手。
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七.參考文獻 1.交通部去，2011，民眾日常使用運具狀況調查 2.陳姿伊，2007，由使用者行動觀點探討捷運場站內情報資訊物件之實態調查 3.劉坤潔，2006，台鐵乘客之滿意度分析 4.張學孔，2006，再論永續大眾運輸發展政策 5.實用小百科，公車內部規劃圖 6.陳鴻檳，2008，台灣低底盤公車推廣計畫之研擬—以豐原客運為例 7.圖片皆網路上擷取，只會用於此公共問題改良提案，絕不會涉及商業利益。
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U YU GYU WU PAPER 2014