“Health for All” in Uganda
General Hygiene
Lesson 1
1. Personal Hygiene
01
Why Brush Teeth?
• To keep teeth healthy • To prevent cavities and infections Lesson 1
02
How to Keep Teeth and Gums Healthy? • Avoid sweets. sugar cane, candy, pastries, tea or coffee with sugar, soft or fizzy drinks like cola
Lesson 1
03
How to Keep Teeth and Gums Healthy?
Brush teeth well every day. 3 / 3 / 3 Rule
Lesson 1
04
How to Keep Teeth and Gums Healthy? Do not bottle feed older babies.
Lesson 1
05
What to Use? • Regular toothbrush • Twig of a tree • A piece of rough towel wrapped around the end of a stick, or around your finger Lesson 1
06
What to Use to Brush Teeth? • Toothpaste • Water • Powdered charcoal • Salt • Salt + baking soda Lesson 1
07
Why is Bathing Important? • To keep free from infections and diseases
skin infections
Lesson 1
dandruff
pimples
itching and
rashes
08
What to Do When You are Infected by Ringworm? 1. Wash the affected areas every day with soap and water.
Lesson 1
2. Keep the affected areas dry and expose to the air or sunlight.
09
What to Do When You are Infected by Ringworm? 3. Change underwear or socks often. 4. Apply cream of sulfur and lard. 5. See a health care worker.
Lesson 1
10
Why Not Barefoot? • To prevent hookworm infection • Hookworms enter the body through the soles of the feet
Lesson 1
11
How Hookworms are Spread? Cough up the young worms and swallow
Diarrhea , stomach-ache
Suck up nutrients To blood stream
Bare feet
Lesson 1
Eggs in the person’s stools
12
How Hookworms are Spread? Cough up the young worms and swallow
To blood stream
2
Bare feet
Lesson 1
3
1
4
Diarrhea , stomach-ache
5
Suck up nutrients
6
Eggs in the person’s stools
13
Dispose of Pads • Do not throw into the pit latrine
Lesson 1
• Burn
14
Lesson 2
2. Hand Washing
15
When to Wash Hands? • Before preparing food/cooking
Lesson 2
• Before eating or feeding someone
16
When to Wash Hands? • Before taking or giving medication
Lesson 2
• Before putting on gloves, cleaning wounds, or handling any blood or body fluids
17
When to Wash Hands? • After defecation • After cleaning another person’s “private parts” • After changing a nappie/diaper and cleaning a baby’s bottom • After handling body fluids
Lesson 2
18
How Does Soap Work? • The soap and rubbing action loosen the dirt and germs (bacteria and viruses) that are stuck to the skin.
Lesson 2
19
How to Wash Hands? • Step 1: Wet both of your hands with water. • Step 2: Lather with soap or ash. • Step 3: Rub your hands together thoroughly. • Step 4: Rinse your hands with running water. • Step 5: Shake the excess water off your hands and allow them to air-dry.
Lesson 2
20
Where to Put a Hand Washing Station? • Near cooking and eating area
Lesson 2
• Near sick person’s bed
• Near latrine
21
Materials for Building a Tippy Tap 8. Two pieces of rope
1. Two wooden branches
(2 meter(6 feet) length, Y-shaped end)
3. Saw to cut wood 6. Heat source
(0.5 meter(1.5 feet) for cap, 1 meter(3 feet) for pedal)
9. 3~5 liter jerry can 10. Soap, piece of wood, screwdriver
4. Nail(8~11cm length) 7. Spade or shovel
11. Rocks, gravel for soak pit 2. Two thinner sticks
(1 meter(3 feet) length)
Lesson 2
5. Piece of cloth or nail pliers
22
Building a Tippy Tap 1
2
3
4
5
6
Lesson 2
23
Building a Tippy Tap 7
8
9
10
11
12
70cm(2.5 feet)
50cm(1.5 feet)
40cm(1.5 feet) 40cm(1.5 feet)
Lesson 2
24
Building a Tippy Tap
Tippy Tap
Lesson 2
25
Building a Tippy Tap
Lesson 2
26
Lesson 3
3. Clothing Hygiene
24
Why is It Important to Wear Clean Clothes? • For overall health and hygiene
Lesson 3
• Increase ones self-esteem, dignity
28
Dirty or Clean?
Lesson 3
29
Which Water to Use?
Lesson 3
30
Where to Dry Washed Clothes? Drying Line
Lesson 3
31
Where to Dry Washed Clothes? On the Rocks, Top of a bush, Hanging on branches of a tree
Lesson 3
32
Where to Dry Washed Clothes? Never on the Ground
Lesson 3
33
4. Fresh Air and Sunshine
31
Most Important Things for Life?
Lesson 4
Food
Water
Exercise
Air
Sunshine
Money
35
Completely Free! • Air
Lesson 4
• Sunshine
36
Sunshine • Drying food
Lesson 4
• Drying clothes
37
Air • Drying food
Lesson 4
• Drying clothes
38
5. Importance of Drinking Water Supplying Clean Water Lesson 5
36
Why Have Clean Water? Decrease deaths from malaria
Lesson 5
40
Why Have Clean Water? Decrease deaths from diarrhea
Lesson 5
41
Why Have Clean Water? Decrease deaths from typhoid fever
Lesson 5
42
Why Have Clean Water? Increases energy
Lesson 5
43
Why Have Clean Water? Decreases risk of disease and infections
Lesson 5
44
Pit Latrine
more than
6 meters (18 feet) more than
6 meters (18 feet)
more than
6 meters (18 feet) 6 meters (18 feet)
Lesson 5
45
Filtering and Settling
Lesson 5
46
Treat Water Using Sunlight
Purify Water
Cloudy Water
at least
at least
6 hours
Lesson 5
2 days
47
Homemade Water Filter
Plastic bag Water Rocks
Sand
Charcoal
Lesson 5
48
Boiling Water
Lesson 5
49
Water Chlorination Treatment PUR Instrunction 1. MIX
2. STIR
3. FILTER
5 MINUTES 5 MINUTES
Use thick 100% cotton cloth without any holes.
Stir well. PU R
Lesson 5
Do not drink if water is yellow in color.
Leave the water. 10 liters
10 liters
4. DRINK
If water is not clear, stir again until the floc is separated.
Dispose of the filtered floc away from children and animals.
Wait for 20 minutes Prepared water
50
Bore Hole Cleanliness
Lesson 5
51
Lesson 6
6. Human Waste Disposal
48
Why Use Pit Latrines? • To keep people clean • To keep the environment clean
Lesson 6
53
Why Use Pit Latrines? • To keep people healthy • To keep the environment healthy
Lesson 6
54
Faeces • Faeces from children and elderly/frail adults is just as harmful as faeces from adults
Lesson 6
55
Faeces
Lesson 6
56
How to Build a Pit Latrine Using Cement
1 meters (3 feet)
Lesson 6
57
How Deep Should a Pit Latrine be? Keep door closed
6 meters (18 feet)
1.5 meters(4.5 feet)
Lesson 6
58
Lesson 7
7. General Waste Disposal
55
What is General Waste? Cans
Lesson 7
Plastic
Paper
60
Why Contain General Waste? • To keep environment clean • To keep environment healthy
Lesson 7
61
Why Contain General Waste? • To keep people clean • To keep people healthy
Lesson 7
62
General Waste Pits
20 meters ( 60 feet ) Lesson 7
63
How Many Years?
Banana peel:
Cigarette filter:
2-5 weeks
1-50 years
Menstrual pads with plastic backing:
10-20 years
Plastic container:
50-80 years
• Orange peel: 6 months
• Paper: 2-4 weeks
• Plastic bag: 10-20 years
• Milk carton: 5 years
• Plastic cup: 50 years
• Tin can: 100 years
• Glass bottle: 500 years
• Aluminum can: 80-200 years
• Styrofoam: Never
Lesson 7
64
What is Biodegradable Waste?
Banana peels Lesson 7
Orange peels
Mango peels
65
Biodegradable Waste Pit
Lesson 7
66
Why Contain Biodegradable Waste? To make fertilizer
Lesson 7
67
8. Kitchen Hygiene and Food Safety Lesson 8
64
Why Keep Food Safe? • To prevent illness • To prevent disease
Lesson 8
69
How to Keep Food Safe? Store in bags, in a dry place
Lesson 8
70
How to Keep Food Safe? Lay food out to dry at least once a week to prevent mold and insect infestation
Lesson 8
71
Kitchen Hygiene It is important to have kitchens separate from sleeping quarters.
Lesson 8
72
Kitchen Utensil Hygiene
Lesson 8
73
Lesson 9
9. Animal Shelters
70
Why Have Animal Shelters? To keep children and adults healthy 5 Mother touching child 1 Man defecating
3 Into house or kitchen
4 Children touching animal
2 Animal eating
6 Mother making food and whole family eat
Lesson 9
7 Whole family infected
75
Animal Shelter for Chickens
Lesson 9
76