TEACHING PRACTICUM I MARÍA DEL CARMEN GAMERO HERNÁNDEZ
WHAT IS CMAP? Cmap
products
empowers
users to construct, navigate, share and criticize knowledge models represented as concept maps, but what is a concept map?
Concept
maps
are
graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge in an organized fashion. Cmap software
can
individuals, institutions
be
used
schools, all
around
by and the
world, seeing a variety of uses of concept mapping and Cmap software by users of all ages.
We live in a globalized world, day by day people is creating new systems to share their ideas. A good example of it, is the Cmap tool; we can avoid the fact of wasting paper, markers, etc., providing them a new way when completing an assignment. We can overcome a lot of barriers when working with these kind of materials, and let their imagination works.
Banking education is a term used by Paulo Freire to describe and critique the traditional education system. The name refers to the metaphor of students as containers into which educators must put knowledge. This reinforces a lack of critical thinking and knowledge ownership in students, which in turn reinforces oppression, as well as it misrepresents Freire's understanding of knowledge as the result of a human, creative process.
This lesson framework helps teachers plan and deliver effective listening, video and reading lessons. The framework is based on research and using it helps ensure students are motivated, engaged and active before, while and after (pre, during and post – PDP) listening to, watching or reading a text. The stages of the framework are: PRE STAGE: prepare to listen: 
They can make predictions about what the text will be about.
DURING STAGE: Focus their attention on the listening or reading text and complete tasks which develop and deepen their understanding of the text progressively (i.e., from simpler and more general to more complex and more specific). They can also do tasks that help them develop specific listening and reading skills. POST STAGE: Extend and integrate the understanding and knowledge they gained from working with the listening or reading text into other skills areas or contexts.
Language education refers to the process and practice of acquiring a second or foreign language. It primarily is a branch of applied linguistics, however can be considered an interdisciplinary field. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
Increasing globalization has created a great need for people in the workforce who can communicate in multiple languages. Common languages are used in areas such as trade, tourism, international relations, technology, media, and science. We had that challenging and entertaining experience of teaching a language; at the beginning it was kind of “acceptable” until the professor said: “You cannot use Spanish, either English to talk” Then, everybody start thinking about how to communicate among us without knowing what exactly we are saying; however, we understand the importance of culture, and communication among the world.
6. INDUCTIVE VS DEDUCTIVE METHODS
Two very distinct and opposing instructional approaches are inductive and deductive. Both approaches can offer certain advantages, but the biggest difference is the role of the teacher. In a deductive classroom, the teacher conducts lessons by introducing and explaining concepts to students, and then expecting students to complete tasks to practice the concepts ; this approach is very teacher-centered. Conversely, inductive instruction is a
much more student-centered approach and makes use of a strategy known as ‘noticing’.
7. GIFTS AND PUZZLES
GIFTS: You provide a positive feedback. To prize somebody else can motivate them, and help them to continue working and doing a good job.
PUZZLES: When you provide a negative feedback, but remember not to be rude. If something is wrong, try to express it in a positive and gently way, and not destroying his/her way of thinking. Remember that our purpose is overcome the barriers, and not creating more walls which are going to difficult the development of someone.
If you are wondering what gifts and puzzles means, then let me give you a short idea about it: How many times we perform something to others? Or we just make something to somebody else? And at the end, you do not know if what you did was ok, or if it was a complete disaster. There is very important to provide a feedback towards something; on that way, we can improve the different areas in our life. We cannot just apply this technique in an educative environment, but in any area of our life.
8. CARROUSEL TEACHING SESSIONS
THE BENEFITS WHEN TEACHING WITH FRIENDS ARE THE FOLLOWING:
Good friends listen to each other. Good friends don't put each other down or hurt each other's feelings. Good friends try to understand each other's feelings and moods. Good friends help each other solve problems. Good friends give each other compliments. Good friends can disagree without hurting each other. Good friends are dependable. Good friends respect each other. Good friends are trustworthy.
Children learn naturally when they are having fun. Flashcards are a great way to teach and revise vocabulary and there are many different games which you can play with flashcards, such as Memory, Kim’s game, Snap or Happy Families. You can find free downloadable flashcards on a wide range of topics on our website. There are many other types of games you can play with your children to hel p them practice English.
Action games – for example Simon says, Charades, What’s the time Mr. Wolf?
Board games – Snakes and ladders, other traditional games
Word games – e.g. I spy, Hangman
Online games – you could finish your English time with an online game from
LearnEnglish Kids.
PowToon is the world’s leading, most user friendly and most intuitive animation software. With PowToon, anyone - even if you don’t know a pixel from a proxy server - can create engaging, animated videos with a professional look and feel. Every business needs to convey their message and value in an attentiongrabbing way. Using animation knocks your viewers off their tired diet of snoozer slides, and allows them to imagine being addicted to your product before they ever lay hands on it. It doesn’t stop at business! PowToon also makes education awesome. Our tool is designed to allow education professionals (and students) to create content that is fun to make, fun to watch - and gets your class hooked on learning.
The LEPINA law, or the Law on Protection of Children and Adolescents, was signed in March 2009 and consists of 260 articles based on the human rights standards set by the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. This law is applicable in education to avoid abuse and bad-treating toward students. However, this law makes education to give the students the integral formation that let the students to become productive citizens. It affects education in the way that students become armored with this law, and let the teacher to be target of this law. It means that the teachers cannot correct students because they can get into trouble just for trying to correct the students. In many cases when teacher try to correct students, they can get into troubles because of the way they might do it. This law announces that students can demand a threatening against them, so teacher are exposed to the effects of this law
You can set up and organize your courses in many different ways. You might choose to organize your course materials by week, section, topic or chapter. You can even set up in what order your students must complete each item using the Student Completion feature for a self-paced approach to learning. However you decide to do it, we strongly recommend you use start by creating folders. CREATING FOLDERS
Create folders to organize your course content into lessons. Wi thin a folder, you can add any type of content in any order you wish, providing flexibility in content organization and functionality. You can also use folders to set student completion rule, color-code your folders, and apply formatting to folder descript ions. Choose when the make folders available to students by setting an availability date. To create a folder, navigate to your Course Materials page and follow these steps:  Click Add Materials  Select Add Folder
An excellent way to keep our materials, and resources organized; on this way we avoid confusions, or misinterpretations with our students, and they are aware of what are going to be developing through the course.
Create tests/quizzes in your Schoology course to assess your students' grasp of the material or evaluate their preparedness for class. Each test/quiz is automatically graded (unless you've included a subjective question, such as a short answer/essay), providing you with instant and powerful feedback that can help guide your upcoming lesson plans.
One of the aspects that I loved when working with Schoology is that you can manually override grades, add comments, and customize a wide array of settings for each test/quiz. Each quiz will contain the determined number of questions from the selected question banks. Each student in the course receives a unique set of questions. Even if students receive a few of the same questions, they will appear in a different order, so no assessment is alike. This is helpful in maintaining the validity of your quiz results.
Online communication refers to the several ways (such as e-mail, social networking sites, etc.) in which individuals can communicate with each other through a networked computer. There are clear advantages and disadvantages of online communication that need to be considered when planning and online community engagement process. Communicating online is still considered the new kid on the block in both educational and public policy contexts, more so in the later. Because of this newness, it is still having to prove itself through a multitude of qualitative and quantitative research projects. While you won’t find me arguing online communication should replace face-to-face engagement processes, there are clearly a lot of benefits from online communication that make it a very valid modality for community-to-government relationship building.
I have been working as a teacher assistant since 2014, and I was already use to de deal with young people, and adults; however, I did not have the experience of working with teenagers or children so, taking the opportunity a t Fuerza Aérea Salvadoreña was honestly, a challenge.
It is a little bit frustrating to see that new generations without motivation to learn English, some of them are attending to the course “because my parents asked me to” but not because I want to learn, or because I can take advantage of it. My mission here has just started so, I am going to continue working and giving the best I have. It doesn’t matter how many times I fall, I will continue fighting against this system, against bad habits, and against other barriers which are stopping the advancing of our country.
At the simplest level, teacher talk time (TTT) refers to how much the teacher talks during a lesson. However, this will vary according to the stage of the lesson. For example, the teacher needs to speak more when providing explanations of and examples for the target language early in the lesson. Elsewhere he may speak less as students need ample opportunity to practice the new material. Overall, however, the teacher should roughly limit his speaking to 20% to 30% of the class time, with the remainder devoted to speaking/use of the language by the students. On the other hand, Student Talk Time (STT) should be around 80% during the course of the lesson. Their use of the language should further promote qualit ative thought. For example, this means that choral drills, substitution drills, and other exercises remain important because students need these activities to become familiar with and absorb the target language. However, too many drills or other, similar a ctivities result in students who switch off their brains. The fail to critically observe, analyze, and practice with the new language.
A clear advantage of reducing Teachers’ talking time is that meanwhile students speak more, they must also rely on their skills. For example, if two students fail to understand one another, they must work together to repair the miscomprehension. This better prepares the class for the real world, where they can't rely on the teacher for help. Students have to find solutions by themselves using the materials and resources provided by the professor.
A definition for starters: Teaching is the process of attending to people’s n eeds, experiences and feelings, and making specific interventions to help them learn particular things. Interventions commonly take the form of questioning, listening, giving information, explaining some phenomenon, demonstrating a skill or process, testing understanding and capacity, and facilitating learning activities (such as note taking, discussion, assignment writing, simulations and practice).
Almost every action we take is the result of past learning yet, for some people, learning still remains an activity undertaken in, or associated with, an educational context. As babies we learn to eat, to gain attention, to crawl, to walk, etc. and as we develop into children, and our bodies become more functional, we learn an inordinate range of skills. Traditionally, research and studies around learning focused primarily on early-years learning through childhood and adolescence. However, it is now recognized that learning is a continuous process that commences at birth and continues until death; it is the process through which we use our experience to deal with new situations and to develop relationships.
The field of curriculum development is large and complex. It includes all of the planned learning experiences in an educational system. Curriculum has three main components: syllabus design, methodology and evaluation. Some of the definitions for evaluation are the followings:
• “The study of the practices and procedures used in teaching, and the principles and beliefs that underlies them. Methodology includes the study of the nature of language skills as reading, listening, speaking and writingâ€?
From my personal point of view, when we are talking about methodology, we have to choose the one that better suits in our curriculum design and based also, in the resources that we have to work with. We can use or combine different methods in order to give to our students the best tools to improve their English skills.
Reading is a fluent process of readers combining information from a text and their own background knowledge to build meaning. The goal of reading is comprehension, and we must be aware of strategic reading which is defined as the ability of the reader to use a wide variety of
reading strategies to accomplish a purpose for reading.
We must consider a very important aspect involved in the reading process, which is a vocabulary base. From my personal opinion, we must teach for comprehension, and not for achieving just a task, but to comprehend a text, we must know, and understand the vocabulary used on it; on that way, we are going to avoid misinterpretations when reading.
To language learners, listening is far more challenging. Listening is an active and purposeful process of making sense of what we hear. As professor we have to follow a series of principles In order to develop their listening skill: Expose students to different ways of processing information. Expose students to different types of listening. Teach a variety of tasks. Consider text differently, and authentically.
I consider that we must to provide to our students different kinds of resources, and not just audios, or songs, but conversations in a real context in where they will be able to use and apply the knowledge that have been taught.
Many people think that speaking in a new language is harder than reading, writing or listening for two reasons: First, unlike reading or writing, speaking happens in real time; second, when you speak you cannot edit and revise what you wish to say. Teaching speaking is sometimes considered a simple process. Commercial language schools around the world hire people with no training to teach conversation. Although, speaking is totally natural, speaking in a language other than our own is anything but simple.
As professors, we must be aware of the differences between second language, and foreign language learning contexts in order to help our students giving them the chance to practice their fluency, and accuracy.
Writing is the physical act of committing words of ideas to some medium; on the other hand, writing is the mental work of inventing ideas, thinking how to express them, and organizing them into statements and paragraphs that will be clear for the reader.
When writing, we must understand our students’ reasons for writing, and provide them many opportunities to write, and express what they are thinking about a particular topic, of course, giving them a feedback helpful and meaningful which is going to help them to overcome the lack they have in that specific skill.
ONLINE EDUCATION: A benefit to taking online courses is that they offer flexibility to the student. This is a great option for those who already have a time commitment with family and work. Online class es will mold with your schedule log in to your online course at a time that works best for you as opposed to having to attend a lecture at a specific time. TRADITIONAL EDUCATION: This option is best for those who have a little more time in their schedule. Even if you’re hoping for a little flexibility, on-campus courses typically offer day and evening schedules so you can coordinate with your daily commitments. One thing you’ll need to remember to factor in is where you live and work in proximity to the campus.
Each student learns differently and in today's era of increasing technology, the question will not be whether to offer classes online, but rather how to implement them. Personally, I prefer traditional teaching because I can get in touch with my students, and to discover by myself their needs, lacks, and wants, and the most important… Learn from them; however, I am aware of the globalized world we live in so, I will use, and apply the necessary tools, and applications to create a suitable environment for my students.
Assigning roles to students is one way to encourage positive interdependence, interaction, and group processing, which are among the five key elements of working in groups. Usually roles are responsibilities on top of the project itself. Choose roles that will help students overcome communication difficulties to get the project done and done well. Common problems for students facing group projects include:   
Who starts the discussion? Who is supposed to keep it going? How do we meet everyone's standards for good work? Who is in charge of keeping track of what everyone has done and of the stuff we're supposed to do? It is the teacher's job to formulate a classroom management plan to facilitate the development of an effective learning environment. The student also has an obligation in the development of a quality learning environment. Following individual rules or expectations is just the beginning. In addition to complying with posted rules, students should be expected to show respect for self and others and meet all behavioral and academic expectations.
It is clear that the 21st century classroom needs are very different from the 20th century ones. In the 21st century classroom, teachers are facilitators of student learning and creators of productive classroom environments, in which students can develop the skills they might need at present or in future. Lectures on a single subject at a time where the norm in the past. Today, collaboration is the thread for all student learning. For instance, the collaborative project -based approach ensures that the curriculum used in this classroom develops:   
Higher order thinking skills Effective communication skills Knowledge of technology that students will need for 21st century careers and the increased globalized environment.
Teacher leaders assume a wide range of roles to support school and student success. Whether these roles are assigned formally or shared informally, they build the entire school's capacity to improve. Because teachers can lead in a variety of ways, many teachers can serve as leaders among their peers, and that is basically one of a large list of roles that we can assume as professors.
The professional educator accepts personal responsibility for teaching students character qualities that will help them evaluate the consequences of and accept the responsibility for their actions and choices. We strongly affirm parents as the primary moral educators of their children. Nevertheless, we believe all educators are obligated to help foster civic virtues such as integrity, diligence, responsibility, cooperation, loyalty, fidelity, and respect-for the law, for human life, for others, and for self. 
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The professional educator deals considerately and justly with each student, and seeks to resolve problems, including discipline, according to law and school policy. The professional educator does not intentionally expose the student to disparagement. The professional educator does not reveal confidential information concerning students, unless required by law.
As a beginning teacher, it is important for us to identify the role that ethics plays in our profession. It is also critical that you begin to reflect on our own beliefs and consider whether the ethical responsibilities of teaching align with your personal belief structure and values. Teaching can be a difficult profession. It requires that individuals be moral exemplars in and out the classroom, but that is the challenge we have accepted, and we have to be honest with ourselves. Finally, we must take the challenge we have already chosen.