Algorithmic Sketchbook Ornella Altobelli_587754 by Ornella Altobelli

ALGORITHMIC S K ETC H B O O K ornella altobelli 587754

ALGORITHMIC TASK 01

Lofting

Through setting curves from Rhinoceros into grasshopper and running the ‘loft’ algorithm the following lofted surfaces were produced. By manipulating the points of the curve and running the ‘bake’ command a variety of forms were quickly produced.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 01

Triangulation

The use of the geometry command is used with the populate 3D command to establish a random set of points within the form of geometry in use (in this case the cube). The use of the number slider allows the control the number of points within the geometry. The Voronoi 3D command establishes volumes between the points within the structure of the geometry. Through the deleting of volumes within the geometry a variety of forms are established through the bake command.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 01

Triangulation

This algorithmic form was developed through the populate geometry command of a simple geometric form. The use of number sliders allowed the control of the number of points populating the geometry. The Oc Tree command was then used to produce 3 Dimensional structures generating off the points from the original geometry.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 02 One Point set to XY Plane which is then rune through the rectangle command. the size of the rectangle is controlled by the X, Y, and Radius inputs with controlled values from the number sliders. The panel indicates the geometry that has been created and the values binding its size.

By setting multiple points to the point command in Grasshopper and using the Point List command to connect the points and number them. The number slider is used to control the font/label size. Mesh quad allows the setting of the integer (the specific point) and allows the control of the order of points within the mesh through inputs A, B, C and D. Running the Quad mesh to the mesh input produces the mesh in the order inputted through the selection of integers.

Two curves in Rhino are set to the curves inputted into Grasshopper. These curves have interval points produced through the divide command. These points are inputted into the arc command and is orientated on the z axis. Points along the arc are then produced through the divide curve command, the number of points is controlled by a number slider.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 02

curve intersection

Using the Transform’ menu: Understanding geometry, transformations and intersections Begin with a sphere in Grasshopper and set multiple numbers for the radius thereby producing two spheres through the input of multiple radius’. in the Vector menu under the drop down menu Grid select the Populate Geometry command which randomly inputs the geometry with points. Using the Jitter command the organization of the points are shuffled through three different seed values (2, 3 and 4)- this command allows the manipulation of lists. This give three different orders which allows the use of the command Circle 3Pt (which requires 3 points to output a circle). in order to gain access to the 3 lists the command Explode Tree is used to again access to the lists stored in the jitter component. Circles are therefore outputted through outputs from the Explode Tree command and the inputs of the Circle 3Pt command. The curves are then ‘Grafted’ and ‘Simplified’ followed by the loft command in order to see the (cone) geometry generated. To find the intersections between these curves the Multiple Curves command is used on both sets of curves and then a line is produced between these points with the line command (highlighting the possibility for fabrication through the production of notches).

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 02

contours and projection

Working with a surface developed in Rhino the contour command is employed with the constraint of the X plane/direction, the surfaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; boundaries and a number slider indicating the distance of offset between contours. The contours are then projected to the X plane and subsequently lofted.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 02

vector addition

Vector geometry Vector defining direction and magnitude of geometry in Grasshopper. Controls movement, scale and rotations Set one vector Vectors defines 3 coordinates Link vector to panel to reveal coordinates (ordered x,y, z) Unit vector equals 1 Can set factor to unit vector through number sliders Planes have a position in space

Addition of vectors

Mathematical operations Process of adding 2 vectors together Vectors described numerically through 3 coordinates The addition of vectors is explored through two processes in this grasshopper schedule The vectors are plugged into the vector display port to reveal the vectors in the rhino display. the deconstruct vector is run to decomposes the vector into its component parts to then run them through the addition (A+B) command. The Vector XYZ command is used to plug this deconstruct-ed data into the vector display. Subsequently, the second attempt at addition was achieved through the connection of the vector to the Addition (A+B) command and the connection to the vector display command.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 02

tutorial task

The points from rhino are run through the line command, the point on curve (curve point) comman allows the creation of an extra point at some point along the the line.

Tutorial task 2 Create a set of points-- use gh to convert them to lines, then to surfaces, then curves, and then back to points try converting the surface to other geometry types like meshes, then back to lines/curves and points again

The vector command with a z input value through the number slider runs through the move command. The arc comman is used in conjunction with the move input to form an arc in the z axis.

The divide curve command is added to the input with definition of the added curves in order to form points along the curve that mirrior the arc form.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 02

tutorial task

The loft command is run to loft the arc that is construed between th two curves.

The divide length command creates a grid along the length of the lofted arch, this creates segments which allow straight/ flat pannels through the creation of a mesh. The Polyline command creates a set of polylines running throuh the points. The interpolate command is creates a set of interpolate curves through a st of points.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

experimentation

The initial step was to generate a circle and offset it 6 times along the Z-axis at even spacings using the move command. Scale numbers are inputted to allow the circles to reduce in size. The surface is then lofted along these curves. The end points component is used to locate the common point of each circle, an interpolate curve command is then used to generate a curve along these points. This curve is then divided into 40 points with the input of a number slider and the divide commands. The Polygon command is used to generate triangles from these division points by controlling the number of edges to 3, the size of the triangles is then controlled through a number slider inputted into the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Râ&#x20AC;&#x2122; component. The rotation command is then used to spiral these points around the curvature of the form, however, a series command is required to inform the gradual rotation of the form. The series has the same input value as the divide component and generates a rotation along the same plane.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

experimentation

The rotation of these triangles is lofted. The domain component is used to define numerical range from 0-360. This numerical range divided by a range component into 10 parts and the result is used as angle factors for a rotate component, whereby the elements are distributed all around the base circle. Mirror is used in the XY plane to generate the helical shape. Select the components which generated the composition and bake them into rhino.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

experimentation

Experimentation - Swiss Re Building

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

move command & data matching

a point was inputted in rhino and then moved with the move command. This function retains the original point as grasshopper requires an original reference point. The point is moved along the Y-axis at a length of 20. These points are then used to generate a line by inputting the reference point and the moved point. This line is then moved along the X-axis at an offset value of 8. These two lines are then divided into 8 points through the divide curve command and the use of a number slider to determine the quantity of points. In the display menu the draw commands option depicts the symbols on the commands which denote their action. In the edit menu select group which enables you to select a particular compont(s) to group them and label them as such.

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Data matching is used when a component has access to differently sized lists of inputs. Using the points generated through the task on the previous page, the 3 algorithms used to approach this were investigated.

ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

move command & data matching

Trim End command takes the shortest list and stops generating at the final point.

Repeat Last commandtakes the last point in the shortest list and repeats until longest list runs out.

Hollistic Command- the idea of cross refrencing. the command creates every connection possible from the lists.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

points, lists & data matching

Here the generation of a grid in order to explore the idea of lists being the data structure of an ordered set of elements.

Understanding the lines/wires in grasshopper: Orange line = no data Solid single line = one piece of data (ie: 1 point) Double solid lines= list of data(ie: multiple points) Dotted/stroked line= multiple lists of data (output is lists of lists)

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

creating a gridshell: shift list & explode tree

Input a set of curves the divide curve command is used to generate points along these curves. The explode tree command is used to separate data into points which are then fed into the arc through 3 points command generating a arc through these derived points. The surface is then lofted and the contours are edited through shift commands and number sliders as well as geodesic curve commands.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

controlling the algorithm: sets menu

This exploration looked at patterning lists, cull patterns, list lengths, series, list item, jitter, partition list and the sets menu. Commands: Subdivide Flatten Tree Cull Voronoi Item Partition

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03

creating a pattern

Creating pattern with the use of the series command, pts command and cull command. Cull was used to enable the weave command which generated the crisscrossing pattern. Polyline and loft where used to close the form.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 03 A surface pattern was generated through the techniques explored in the tutorial videos and previous algorithmic activities composed in this journal. A surface was also generated using the methods from the gridshell tutorial. The Map to Surface tool was used to reflect this generated pattern into the form generated by the surface.

The algorithmic sketchbook has been a great tool in exploring and discussing the algorithmic experiments we have made. The opportunity to investigate the menu options, in conjunction with video tutorials and personal exploration, has enabled me to gain a familiarity with the design tools available. The experiments within this journal highlight a common theme of computational design, that being that form is generated by design parameters void of compositional intent on the part of the designer. A limitation that continues to impact upon my ability to generate these algorithmic experiments is that design through computation is limited to what we know with regard to parametric design and algorithmic coding. Thus it is essential to develop upon this sketchbook with further experimentation to enable a greater knowledge base to further assist in the final design.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

spiraling

Vector, point, point polar Pi Golden ratio Range command

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

sine and cosine

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Rangeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; constructor - create a sequence of numbers equally spaced inside a numeric domain - creating lists Sequence menu in sets Numeric domain is the space defined by 2 numeric extremes (min (floor) & max (ceiling)) Points represented by an ordered set of numbers called coordinates Math menu - Trig- Sine and Cosine Playing with planes and directionality

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

field fundamentals and charges

Introducing parameter space, data types and functions Charges and field Vector- field Point charge- generated a field (differentiate does not create values, enables evaluation of the object) Line charge- tensor display- tensor vectors Point charge - direction display - displays forces directions in color

TENSOR DISPLAY

DIRECTION DISPLAY

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

phyllotaxis

SERIES, BOOLEANS AND COMPOSING ALGORITHMS SERIES- (SETS-SEQUENCE-SERIES) CREATES A SET OF DISCRETE NUMBERS BASED ON A START VALUE, STEP SIZE AND THE NUMBER OF VALUES IN THE SERIES C-INPUT REQUIRES INTEGERS FUNCTION- ASSOCIATES MEMBERS OF ONE SET TO A MEMBER OF ANOTHER SET MATH- SCRIPT- EXPRESSION Sequence Manipulation Boolean- property of a statement being true or false List culling Gates and dispatching (list dropdown) - look for certain coordinates Voronoi command used to generate patterning

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

expressions method 1

Script menu evaluate The curves are inputted and lofted. The brep is then deconstruct and then subdivide to generate a set of points.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

expressions method 2

Script menu- evaluate Using the input of an attractor point

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

expressions method 3

Script menu- creating an expression

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

fractels

A 3 sided polygon is generated through a polygon command, and extruded through an expression along the z axis through an extrusion command.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

fractels

Capping is used to seal the pyramid. A deconstruct brep command is used to divide the pyramid which is then scaled and trimmed, followed by capping. This process is repeated in order to generat the second form.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

fractels

Input the brep surface into the grasshopper script to generate a variety of patterns.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 04

experimenting

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

evaluating fields

Field components Point charge command Vector -> fields -> point charge Reference curves through set multiple curves Divide curve- flatten output Field line - iterative process - going to run algorithm over and over Merge field - multiple fields into one Fline needs a reference point Spin force - rotational push on charge *Move points along z-axis (original points on curve) to add complexity

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

evaluating fields

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

evaluating fields

Using graph mappers to alter and manipulate the profile of the curves.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

evaluating fields

Manipulating height of the polylines through a number slider.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

VERTICAL PUSH - CREATING 3D FORMS Divide curves into points with divide curve component Graph mapper >Bezier Computes values - works within parameter space Range component plugged into number slider Graph controls curves Move- interpolates curve

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

graph controllers

Set of circles - manipulating their radii Range between 0 and 1 as default -- change to 0.1 to 1(circles can not have a radius of 0) Circles controlled by graph mapper Bezier - graph mapper style Voronoi pattern distributed along divide surface Divide component flattened so that the Voronoi component divides the whole circle not each individual circle Cull pattern with panel input voronoi

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

graph controllers

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

graph controllers

Changing geometry type to polygons and changing the graph configuration

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

Using the Polygon geometry and the graph mapper (set to Bezier graph type/style). The pattern was culled using the panel input set to False, True, False.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

image sampling

Reparamertize - all points will reside within domains set by surface Set image sampler to clamp Use color brightness feature 0.0 to 0.1 - parameter space Subdivide surface - using an image sampler distribute circles through an expression.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

image sampling

Overlapping patterns through the input of two image samplers. Controlling the radius through a number slider.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

image sampling

Move circles along the z-axis.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

image sampling

Lofting between the offset circles. Create cones through by changing the radius of the vertically translated axis.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

reverse engineering

1- curves plotted and manipulated in Rhino 2- Multiple curves set in Grasshopper and lofted 3- contours created in X and Y direction at even spacing 4- Tight contouring, small distance input 5- Uniform contouring, average distance input 6- Loose contouring, large distance input 7- Tight contouring with rectangular box geometry in the Z direction 8- Uniform contouring with rectangular box geometry in the Z direction, wide rectangles 9- Uniform contouring with rectangular box geometry in the Z direction, narrow rectangles

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

reverse engineering

The initial surface that was generated for the reverse engineering task was created through the points manipulation on 4 curves in rhino. These curves were then lofted using grasshopper after defining the curves. By dividing the surface a grid of points were created, this output was flattened to create one list of points. The lofted surface was then contoured in both the x and y axis in order to create an even grid across the surface. These contours were then piped to replicate the metal pipe construction of the synaesthetic pavilion. A number slider was used to control the radius of this piped geometry. The grid of points were then used to distribute rectangular geometry across the surface of the loft, with number sliders controlling their dimensions. A rectangular box geometry was used to extrude the 3Dimensional forms extruding in the Z-direction.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

Curves plotted and manipulated in Rhino Multiple curves set in Grasshopper and lofted Contours created in X and Y direction at even spacing Divide surface, project points at 30 degrees from original points. Field line created with projected points using point charge off original surface divide. Field lines divided into 4 segments Curves translated in the Z-axis using a graph mapper to create interpolated curves Offset interpolated curves at a distance of 0.3 Curves piped at a radius of 0.2 Ruled surfaces created between interpolated curves and offset curves

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 05

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

Predefined data trees Surface points - lists of lists Data tree - display of data structure

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

Longest data matching Data tree can change directionality Graft tree command Param viewer - branches Tree display (double click) - provides a visual representation Tree statistics (tree tab under sets) Flatten collapse all paths into 1 Path mapper - lexical operations on data trees

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06 Tree menu Visualizing an ordering system Tree statistics Paths as lists Length as lists Count number of paths Simplify tree Gets rid of all common/shared data

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

2 components/indexâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to the path object to describe where those points are in the data structure 1st component - which path 2nd component- which index within the list Row/column/height (z-axis location) Tree item- select a particular component through a panel Flip matrix- swaps order of points ie. Rows to columns/ columns tor rows

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06 Shift path component Relative item component Used in patterning Offsetting through panel Polyline -->planar surface

Points stored as a hierarchy Data trees grow incrementally and linear Each level represents and action taken Malleable

Create null mapping -- not changing data structure Item index Grafting - takes every index/item of a list makes the index a new branch

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55 1

ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

B4 Matrix

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

B4 Matrix

1 A

Using the Biothing Serrourssi Pavilion Grasshopper definition as a starting point. Projecting the pipe and rectangular box geometry from the base curves. Pipes take directionality determined by graph mapper from

The Box Rectangle output from the original definition is input into the box corners input from the Voxelizator Project definition (co-ed-it.com).

Using the Panels dispatch Project (co-ed-it.com) definition and surface as a starting point. Surface is populated using the box geometry from original definition.

Using the Panels dispatch Project (co-ed-it.com) definition as a starting point the original curves were inputted. Point Surface grid is culled through the random sorting through number sliders.

The box geometry is projected off the Biothing base curves using original definition directionality.

The Voxel size is reduced to 3.

Distribution of panels is reduced through number sliders.

Pipe geometry projected using Biothing base curves and graph mapper.

The Voxel size is reduced to 1.

The box geometry is projected off the Biothing base curves manipulating original graph mapper.

Pipe and box geometry input into Biothing definition but not projected into the Z direction.

Curves of the reverse engineered definition were plugged into the second series of Office dAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Banq Restaurant definition. Translate planes in x axis and loft between to create panels.

Plugged new surface points into Skylar Tibbetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s VoltDom definition.

Cone subsurface divided into points. Delaunay mesh and Delaunay edges applied to the points.

Panels are distributed through original surface subdivision.

Cull pattern placed on translation vecotr of surface points. Perpendicular frames rotated in XZ plane.

Increased cone radius, increased cone height.

Cull faces removes mesh faces according to rule True False False.

Surface grid is culled through the random sorting through number sliders.

All faces are culled through the number slider (set to 0) of the random sorting components.

Change input surface to an organic shape built from curves.

Cull Pattern applied to grid

Increase input surface points, Increased cone surface division.

Surface CP and Inside Brep is grafted. Divide Length is input into the one list length and out put into 3 series components.

Panel distribution is generated through the original divide surface grid generated by the Panels Dispatch Project.

Panels are distributed through original surface subdivision.

Cull pattern to points, increased multiplication of movement, changed angle of rotation of perpendicular frames, increased surface points and reduced number of frames.

Cone height inverted. Cone radius and opening increased.

Increase input surface divisions to 32 x 27.

List length is grafted which rotates the rectangular geometry.

Graft the Brep input for the Brep area component.

Changed rotation of perpendicular frames, further increased number of surface points.

Increase in cone radius and height in the negative plane

Decrease input surface divisions.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

successful iteration

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

iteration 1D

Employing the forces employed in the Biothing to direct the panels created through rectangular box geometry.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

iteration 2D

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

iteration 4E

Area component is flattened in order to create waffle structure.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06

iteration 5D

Rotate Component used to generate variation in the contours. Frames move below the ground plain.

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Number slider value decreased in order to reduce the number of PFrames.

ALGORITHMIC TASK 06 design exploration

Loft is offset by a value governed by the number slider in order to increase the thickness of the frames.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 07

Traveling salesman- clusters

Traveling salesman - shortest route between many points Recursive algorithms - critical to development of complex patterns and fabrication Evaluating data

Establish the base algorithm

Cluster inputs and outputs, then Cluster all by right clicking selected objects.

Repeat clustered component in a linear fashion in order to replicate the algorithm recursive system.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 07

Traveling salesman- clusters & history

To edit clusters just double click it and it will open in a separate file Adding history to clusters

Adding components to the original definition by double clicking the cluster. This history is applied to all copies of the cluster.

PYTHON

Encapsulating a set of code and running it a set number of times Python component not present in Grasshopper? Creating scripts to write code Recursive function Enables the repetition of components without manually copying them - defines the whole algorithm

By connecting the clustered components a polyline is able to be formed between the points

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08

embedding material logic- Kangaroo introduction Spring physics Demonstrating simple forces Using forces to replicate real world material performance Linear elements - points- straight line connections between points Cant work with curves nurbs Kangaroo Physics engine not running in my plugin. The spring output should be an input as well as the toggle. The timer then connects and controls the process

Jitter in the engine - not necessarily reversible Rest length= 0 = tension

Kangaroo Physics engine not running in my plugin. The spring output should be an input as well as the toggle. The timer then connects and controls the process

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08

Tensile and rigid bodies- Kangaroo introduction Not simulating a real world representation of these forces - providing a sugestion of how materials will react in real world situations. Weaver Bird Plugin Join Meshes and weld = merges duplicate edges Convert edges of mesh to springs Anchor all the naked edges of the mesh

Kangaroo Physics engine should be present here.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08 eml bending and hinges Hinge forces = Starling plugin - mesh typology components bend force component to simulate uncurling of a linear material

Kangaroo Physics engine should be present here.

The Kangaroo physics engine component was not present in the plugin download which prevented me from further exploring the potential of the ideas presented in this set of videos. Can begin to stimulate real world material performance need to get rid of start and end points so that bending does not occur at these points Shift list component (set to 2) is used - point 3 Shift list component (set to -2) used to create point 1 to get rid of 1st and last point - shift by 1 and shift by -1 (point 2) these points establish bending force

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08 Voussoir cloud input no mesh weld component

Using Voronoi component to divide the surface the offset of three points are moved and lofted in order to create a tubular structure. Anchor points are then established Crv CP defined by number sliders to determine the spacing between each point.

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08 Voussoir Form Finding

Force driven simulation to develop vaults Timer determines how often the form reacts Attempt failed due to absence of Kangaroo physics engine

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08 AA driftwood

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08 Gradient descent

Recursive pattern=- effects of gravity applied Demonstrates a gradient descent algorithm and a variation using clusters and copy-paste iteration. Creating a cluster:

Step One

Step Two

Step Three

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08 Gradient descent

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 08 Gradient descent

Manipulating the base Algorithm through vectors.

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