Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products in Integrative Cancer Care by Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine

OPEN ACCESS VOLUME 33, NUMBER 3 PUBLISHED: JUNE 2018 ARTICLE REVIEWREVIEW ARTICLE

Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products in Integrative Cancer Care: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends in the Human Research Literature

Author(s): Elise Cogo, ND, MSc, MLIS1; Peter Papadogianis, MSc, ND1 1. Patterson Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine 1255 Sheppard Avenue East, Toronto, ON. Canada M2K 1E2. Correspondence: ecogo@ccnm.edu

Abstract. 218 systematic or comprehensive reviews on natural health products (NHPs) in integrative oncology, which were published from 2010-2017 in English, were identified from a MEDLINE database search (July 3, 2017) based on the PubMed Dietary Supplements Subset search filter after screening over 1950 records for eligibility. Included reviews had to synthesize human studies that used a control group (experimental or observational). These reviews were used to create ‘positive-focused’ evidence maps as part of an exploratory project to guide the future research agenda at the Patterson Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (and the evidence maps are being published in four related reports). To our knowledge, this article reports the first bibliometric analysis on this topic in order to present trends and characteristics of the human research literature in these 218 systematic or comprehensive reviews on NHPs in integrative cancer care. Anne O’Tate, a free web-based tool developed by the Arrowsmith project that summarizes PubMed search results (available at http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu), was used to analyze all authors and journals of the included reviews. Publication dates, countries, and NHP categories included (i.e., Nutraceuticals, Botanical and Fungi preparations, and Traditional Chinese and Asian Medicine formulations) are also presented.

Bibliometric Analysis The field of integrative oncology is very broad and diverse with an increasing number of human studies being published on a variety of natural health products (NHPs), cancer types, conventional treatment contexts, etc. Bibliometric analyses enable high-level overviews of the research literature landscape on an extensive topic and can be used to identify trends and characteristics of publications. Sever-

al types of bibliometric analyses have been conducted on various aspects of natural health products (NHPs) in the past decade or so (Du, & Tang, 2014; Fu, 2010; Hung, & Ernst, 2010; Kim, Kim, Lee, Kim, Wieland, & Shin, 2014; Koo, 2017; Leung, Chan, & Song, 2006; Li, Cui, & Cui, 2009; Li, Tao, Zhou, & Ling, 2011; Wieland, Manheimer, Sampson, Barnabas, Bouter, Cho, & et al., 2013; Zyoud, Al-Jabi, & Sweileh, 2015). To our knowledge, a bibliometric analysis of systematic reviews of human controlled studies on the use

Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products of NHPs in integrative cancer care has not been undertaken. This article utilizes data from a large, exploratory ‘positive-focused’ evidence maps project we conducted with the aim of identifying ‘signals’ to inform our future research agenda to develop best practice guidance documents. Details on the evidence maps methods (including the full search strategy) and results are being published in four related reports. Briefly, a MEDLINE database search was conducted by an experienced information specialist for systematic or comprehensive reviews on NHPs in integrative cancer care. Included reviews had to synthesize human studies that used a control group (experimental or observational), and be published in English from 2010 to July 3, 2017. The search strategy was based on the PubMed Dietary Supplements Subset search filter, which contains over 1300 rows of NHP terms (and is available at: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/pubmed_subsets/diet_strategy.html). Over 1950 records were screened for eligibility, and ultimately 218 systematic or comprehensive reviews were included. A full bibliography of the 218 included reviews is listed in Appendix 1 below. Data were extracted specifically for the bibliometric analysis on country of review conduct, publication date, and the NHP categories covered by each review (i.e., Nutraceuticals, Botanical and Fungi preparations, and Traditional Chinese and Asian Medicine formulations). A digital summarization tool for PubMed search results called Anne

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O’Tate, which was developed by the Arrowsmith project (and is freely available at http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu), was used to analyze all of the review authors and journals. Figure 1 (below) presents the NHP category results, which were fairly evenly distributed. 87 of the included reviews covered Nutraceutical products, 69 were on Botanical and Fungi preparations, and 75 on Traditional Chinese and Asian Medicine formulations. Note that some reviews covered more than one NHP category so these numbers total more than 218. There was an overall trend of increasing numbers of publications by date across the 7.5 years covered by the search date limits of January 1, 2010 to July 3, 2017 (Figure 2, pg 3). In fact, roughly half of the 218 included reviews were published in just the most recent 2.5 years compared to the other half of the publications across the previous five years. China was by far the most prolific country of conduct for the included systematic and comprehensive reviews of human controlled studies on the use of NHPs in integrative cancer care, with 38% (83/218) of the reviews (Figure 3, p.4). The countries of conduct of the most reviews after China were the USA and Australia, having 28 (13%) and 21 (10%) reviews, respectively. These top three countries were followed by the UK (N=16), Canada (N=15), and Germany (N=14). Eight of our 218 included reviews were conducted in

Figure 1. Screening results and natural health product categories

Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products South Korea. The other countries that had more than one review included were: Italy, France, and Brazil (4 each); and the Netherlands, Japan, and Israel (3 each). Regarding the MEDLINE-indexed journals where these reviews were published, the top 15 are presented in Table 1, along with frequencies. The top journal with the most reviews from our set was Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (9%, or 19/218). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was the second most prolific source (N=13), followed closely by Integrative Cancer Therapies (N=12), Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics (N=11), and PLoS One (N=11). An e-book collection called PDQ Cancer Information Summaries published 10 of the included reviews. Table 2 (p.4) lists in order of frequency the top 40 authors of the 218 included reviews obtained from the Anne O’Tate analysis results. The researcher with the most publications among this set was Dr. Dugald Seely with 12/218 (6%) reviews. The next eight individual authors, with between 7-9 reviews each, were: Drs. H. Fritz, Y. Wang, K. Cooley, J. Li, D. Fergusson, D. Kennedy, R. Wong, and Y. Zhang. The PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board, an institutional group of authors within the US National Cancer Institute, had nine included review publications. In summary, the annual rate of review publications in this field is steadily increasing, and the reviews were distributed across all three NHP categorizations. China was the leading

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country of conduct, primarily due to the large volume of randomized controlled studies that have been conducted on Traditional Chinese Medicine. Furthermore, our included reviews on Traditional Chinese and Asian Medicine formulations provide Table 1. Top 15 journals of the 218 included reviews Journal* Frequency Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Cochrane Database Syst Rev Integr Cancer Ther J Cancer Res Ther PLoS One PDQ Cancer Information Summaries** Medicine (Baltimore) Clin Nutr Support Care Cancer Chin J Integr Med Phytother Res Breast Cancer Res Treat Complement Ther Med Crit Rev Oncol Hematol Nutr Cancer

19 13 12 11 11 10 9 7 7 6 5 3 3 3 3

*Derived from the Anne O’Tate tool (http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu) **This is an e-book collection.

Figure 2. Publication dates of the 218 included reviews (Note: only half of year 2017 was included in the search).

Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products

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Figure 3. Top countries of the 218 included reviews

very valuable syntheses of the extensive research on this topic published in Chinese and other languages that is often difficult for Western audiences to access. The search was limited to English and MEDLINE for feasibility reasons, but this excluded reviews published in European and other languages and in high quality journals that are not indexed in MEDLINE. This bibliometric analysis of our set of 218 systematic or comprehensive reviews provides a high-level overview of the human research literature landscape spanning this very broad topic on the use of natural health products in integrative cancer care. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This project was funded by the Patterson Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine. Acknowledgments We wish to thank Sukriti Bhardwaj for performing data extractions for the evidence maps project, and Dr. Nancy Rawling for her helpful advice on the project.

We also gratefully acknowledge the generous support of John and Thea Patterson as founding donors of the Patterson Institute. References Du J., Tang X. L. (2014). Natural products against cancer: a comprehensive bibliometric study of the research projects, publications, patents and drugs. J Cancer Res Ther, 10 Suppl 1, 27-37. Fu J. Y. (2010). [A bibliometric overview of traditional Chinese medicine research in Medline]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 8(4), 379-84. Hung S. K., Ernst E. (2010). Herbal medicine: an overview of the literature from three decades. J Diet Suppl, 7(3), 217-26. Kim C. K., Kim D. H., Lee M. S., Kim J. I., Wieland L. S., Shin B. C. (2014). Randomized controlled trials on complementary and traditional medicine in the korean literature. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 194047. Koo M. (2017). A bibliometric analysis of two decades of aromatherapy research. BMC Res Notes, 10(1), 46. Leung S., Chan K., Song L. (2006). Publishing trends in Chinese medicine and related subjects documented in WorldCat. Health Info Libr J, 23(1), 13-22. Li H. Y., Cui L., Cui M. (2009). Hot topics in Chinese herb-

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Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products

Table 2. Top 40 authors of the 218 included reviews Author* Frequency Seely D Fritz H PDQ Integrative, Alternative and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board** Wang Y Cooley K Li J Fergusson D Kennedy D Wong R Zhang Y Balneaves LG Fernandes R Liu J Wang X Wu J Zhang AL Chen L Deng G Sagar S Skidmore B Xue CC Zhang H Chen J Chen M Chen S Huang Y Lee H Li H Li L Li X Li Y May BH Wang C Wang J Wang S Wu X Zhang L Zhang X Zhao Y Zhou IW

12 9 9 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

*Derived from the Anne Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Tate tool (http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu) **This is a group of authors.

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Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products Burden, S., Todd, C., Hill, J., & Lal, S. (2012). Pre-operative nutrition support in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev., 11, CD008879. Bussing, A., Raak, C., & Ostermann, T. (2012). Quality of life and related dimensions in cancer patients treated with mistletoe extract (iscador): a meta-analysis. Evid. Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2012, 219402. Buttigliero, C., Monagheddu, C., Petroni, P., Saini, A., Dogliotti, L., Ciccone, G. et al. (2011). Prognostic role of vitamin d status and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in cancer patients: a systematic review. Oncologist., 16, 1215-1227. Cao, H., Mu, Y., Li, X., Wang, Y., Chen, S., & Liu, J. P. (2016). A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine for Prostate Cancer. PLoS One, 11, e0160253. Chakraborty, R., Savani, B. N., Litzow, M., Mohty, M., & Hashmi, S. (2015). A perspective on complementary/ alternative medicine use among survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplant: Benefits and uncertainties. Cancer, 121, 2303-2313. Chan, R. J., McCarthy, A. L., Devenish, J., Sullivan, K. A., & Chan, A. (2015). Systematic review of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions to manage cognitive alterations after chemotherapy for breast cancer. Eur.J Cancer, 51, 437-450. Chaudhary, T., Chahar, A., Sharma, J. K., Kaur, K., & Dang, A. (2015). Phytomedicine in the Treatment of Cancer: A Health Technology Assessment. J Clin.Diagn.Res., 9, XC04-XC09. Chen, J., Song, Y., & Zhang, L. (2013). Effect of lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress: an exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Med.Food, 16, 361-374. Chen, J., Chen, Y. J., & Wu, M. D. (2014). Herbal extract elemene intrathoracic injection in the treatment of lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion: a meta-anaylsis. J Cancer Res.Ther., 10 Suppl 1, 56-59. Chen, L., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Li, H., Zhang, H., Gong, J. et al. (2015). Efficacy and safety of oral branched-chain amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Nutr.J, 14, 67. Chen, M., May, B. H., Zhou, I. W., Xue, C. C., & Zhang, A. L. (2014). FOLFOX 4 combined with herbal medicine for advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Phytother.Res., 28, 976-991. Chen, M., May, B. H., Zhou, I. W., Xue, C. C., & Zhang, A. L. (2016). Meta-Analysis of Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy Combined With Traditional Medicines for Colorectal Cancer: Contributions of Specific Plants to Tumor Response. Integr.Cancer Ther., 15, 40-59. Chen, M., May, B. H., Zhou, I. W., Sze, D. M., Xue, C. C., & Zhang, A. L. (2016). Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy

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combined with traditional medicines for neutropenia in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of the contributions of specific plants. Crit Rev.Oncol.Hematol., 105, 18-34. Chen, M. H., May, B. H., Zhou, I. W., Zhang, A. L., & Xue, C. C. (2016). Integrative Medicine for Relief of Nausea and Vomiting in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Using Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phytother.Res., 30, 741-753. Chen, S., Flower, A., Ritchie, A., Liu, J., Molassiotis, A., Yu, H. et al. (2010). Oral Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer: A systematic review. Lung Cancer, 68, 137-145. Chen, S., Wang, Z., Huang, Y., Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Barr, S. A., Wong, R. A., Yeung, S. et al. (2014). Ginseng and anticancer drug combination to improve cancer chemotherapy: a critical review. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2014, 168940. Chen, X., Deng, L., Jiang, X., & Wu, T. (2016). Chinese herbal medicine for oesophageal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev., CD004520. Cheon, S., Zhang, X., Lee, I. S., Cho, S. H., Chae, Y., & Lee, H. (2014). Pharmacopuncture for cancer care: a systematic review. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2014, 804746. Cho, H. K., Jeong, Y. M., Lee, H. S., Lee, Y. J., & Hwang, S. H. (2015). Effects of honey on oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. Laryngoscope, 125, 2085-2092. Choi, J., Kim, T. H., Choi, T. Y., & Lee, M. S. (2013). Ginseng for health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in Korean literature. PLoS One, 8, e59978. Chu, K. J., Lai, E. C., Yao, X. P., Zhang, H. W., Lau, W. Y., Fu, X. H. et al. (2010). Vitamin analogues in chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection or ablation--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg., 33, 120-126. Chung, V. C., Wu, X., Hui, E. P., Ziea, E. T., Ng, B. F., Ho, R. S. et al. (2015). Effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine for cancer palliative care: overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Sci.Rep., 5, 18111. Chung, V. C., Wu, X., Lu, P., Hui, E. P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, A. L. et al. (2016). Chinese Herbal Medicine for Symptom Management in Cancer Palliative Care: Systematic Review And Meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 95, e2793. Cohen, J. E., Wakefield, C. E., & Cohn, R. J. (2016). Nutritional interventions for survivors of childhood cancer. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev., CD009678. Dasari, S., Kathera, C., Janardhan, A., Praveen, K. A., & Viswanath, B. (2017). Surfacing role of probiotics in cancer prophylaxis and therapy: A systematic review. Clin. Nutr., 36, 1465-1472. Datta, M. & Schwartz, G. G. (2013). Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and loss of bone mineral density in women undergoing breast cancer therapy. Crit Rev.Oncol.Hematol., 88, 613-624.

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Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products de Aguiar Pastore, S. J., Emilia de Souza, F. M., & Waitzberg, D. L. (2015). Omega-3 supplements for patients in chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: A systematic review. Clin.Nutr., 34, 359-366. Dedong, C., Huilin, X., Anbing, H., Ximing, X., & Wei, G. (2016). The Effect of ShenQi FuZheng Injection in Combination with Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy Alone on the Improvement of Efficacy and Immune Function in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One, 11, e0152270. Deng, B., Jia, L., & Cheng, Z. (2016). Radix Astragali-Based Chinese Herbal Medicine for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2016, 2421876. Deng, B., Deng, C., & Cheng, Z. (2017). Chinese Herbal Extractions for Relieving Radiation Induced Lung Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2017, 2141645. Deng, G. E., Rausch, S. M., Jones, L. W., Gulati, A., Kumar, N. B., Greenlee, H. et al. (2013). Complementary therapies and integrative medicine in lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 143, e420S-e436S. Derksen, T. M., Bours, M. J., Mols, F., & Weijenberg, M. P. (2017). Lifestyle-Related Factors in the Self-Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2017, 7916031. Diorio, C., Salena, K., Ladas, E. J., Lam, C. G., Afungcwhi, G. M., Njuguna, F. et al. (2017). Traditional and complementary medicine used with curative intent in childhood cancer: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 64. Dong, J., Su, S. Y., Wang, M. Y., & Zhan, Z. (2010). Shenqi fuzheng, an injection concocted from Chinese medicinal herbs, combined with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review. J Exp.Clin.Cancer Res., 29, 137. Dong, J. Y. & Qin, L. Q. (2011). Soy isoflavones consumption and risk of breast cancer incidence or recurrence: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 125, 315-323. Drewe, J., Bucher, K. A., & Zahner, C. (2015). A systematic review of non-hormonal treatments of vasomotor symptoms in climacteric and cancer patients. Springerplus, 4, 65. Dugoua, J. J., Wu, P., Seely, D., Eyawo, O., & Mills, E. (2010). Astragalus-containing Chinese herbal combinations for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 65 clinical trials enrolling 4751 patients. Lung Cancer (Auckl.), 1, 85-100. Dulai, P. S., Singh, S., Marquez, E., Khera, R., Prokop, L. J., Limburg, P. J. et al. (2016). Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in individuals with previous colorectal neoplasia: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ, 355, i6188.

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Characteristics of 218 Recent Reviews on Natural Health Products

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Wu, X. T. (2013). Use of pro-/synbiotics as prophylaxis in patients undergoing colorectal resection for cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin.Res. Hepatol.Gastroenterol., 37, 406-415. He, H., Zhou, X., Wang, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2013). Does the couse of astragalus-containing chinese herbal prescriptions and radiotherapy benefit to non-small-cell lung cancer treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2013, 426207. He, X. R., Han, S. Y., & Li, P. P. (2016). Injectable Chinese herbal formula Kangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ai for nonsmall cell lung cancer: Trial sequential analysis of 2,259 participants from 31 randomized controlled trials. J Cancer Res.Ther., 12, 735-743. Ilic, D. & Misso, M. (2012). Lycopene for the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: a systematic review. Maturitas, 72, 269-276. Jacob, S. A., Khan, T. M., & Lee, L. H. (2017). The Effect of Green Tea Consumption on Prostate Cancer Risk and Progression: A Systematic Review. Nutr.Cancer, 69, 353-364. Jacobs, C., Hutton, B., Ng, T., Shorr, R., & Clemons, M. (2015). Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate (vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? A systematic review. Oncologist., 20, 210-223. Jia, Y., Du, H., Yao, M., Cui, X., Shi, Q., Wang, Y. et al. (2015). Chinese herbal medicine for myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2015, 690976. Jiancheng, W., Long, G., Ye, Z., Jinlong, L., Pan, Z., Lei, M. et al. (2015). Effect of Aidi injection plus chemotherapy on gastric carcinoma: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Tradit.Chin Med., 35, 361-374. Jiang, H., Zhang, H., Hu, X., & Ma, J. (2015). A meta-analysis of Shenqi Fuzheng combined with radiation in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res. Ther., 11 Suppl 1, C101-C103. Jiang, X., Hidru, T. H., Zhang, Z., Bai, Y., Kong, L., & Li, X. (2017). Evidence of elemene injection combined radiotherapy in lung cancer treatment among patients with brain metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 96, e6963. Jin, X., Ruiz, B. J., Sze, D. M., & Chan, G. C. (2016). Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev., 4, CD007731. Jo, S. J., Shin, H., Jo, S., Kwon, O., & Myung, S. K. (2015). Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of pyridoxine supplements in the management of hand-foot syndrome during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Clin.Exp.Dermatol., 40, 260-270. Jung, Y., Jerng, U., & Lee, S. (2016). A systematic review of anticancer effects of radix astragali. Chin J Integr.Med., 22, 225-236. Kienle, G. S. & Kiene, H. (2010). Review article: Influence of

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et al. (2016). Herbal Medicine for Hot Flushes Induced by Endocrine Therapy in Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med., 2016, 1327251. Lim, Y. C., Rajabalaya, R., Lee, S. H., Tennakoon, K. U., Le, Q. V., Idris, A. et al. (2016). Parasitic Mistletoes of the Genera Scurrula and Viscum: From Bench to Bedside. Molecules, 21. Lin, J., Chen, L., Qiu, X., Zhang, N., Guo, Q., Wang, Y. et al. (2017). Traditional Chinese medicine for human papillomavirus (HPV) infections: A systematic review. Biosci. Trends, 11, 267-273. Liu, D., Jiang, X. Y., Zhou, L. S., Song, J. H., & Zhang, X. (2016). Effects of Probiotics on Intestinal Mucosa Barrier in Patients With Colorectal Cancer after Operation: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Medicine (Baltimore), 95, e3342. Liu, M. M., Li, S. T., Shu, Y., & Zhan, H. Q. (2017). Probiotics for prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One, 12, e0178870. Liu, X., Yang, Q., Xi, Y., Yu, K., Wang, W., Zhao, X. et al. (2014). Kanglaite injection combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. J Cancer Res. Ther., 10 Suppl 1, 46-51. Liu, Z. L., Zhu, W. R., Zhou, W. C., Ying, H. F., Zheng, L., Guo, Y. B. et al. (2014). Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs combined with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr. Med., 12, 346-358. Ma, L., Wang, B., Long, Y., & Li, H. (2017). Effect of traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western therapy on primary hepatic carcinoma: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Med., 11, 191-202. Ma, L. X., Ai, P., Li, H., & Vardy, J. (2015). The prophylactic use of Chinese herbal medicine for chemotherapy-induced leucopenia in oncology patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Support.Care Cancer, 23, 561-579. Ma, X., Li, R. S., Wang, J., Huang, Y. Q., Li, P. Y., Wang, J. et al. (2016). The Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Compound Kushen Injection Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Update Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol., 7, 70. Mabvuure, N. T., Roman, A., & Khan, O. A. (2013). Enteral immunonutrition versus standard enteral nutrition for patients undergoing oesophagogastric resection for cancer. Int.J Surg., 11, 122-127. Makarem, N., Chandran, U., Bandera, E. V., & Parekh, N. (2013). Dietary fat in breast cancer survival. Annu.Rev. Nutr., 33, 319-348. Mao, C. G., Tao, Z. Z., Wan, L. J., Han, J. B., Chen, Z., &

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interventions for cancer-related cognitive changes. Asia Pac.J Oncol.Nurs., 2, 215-226. Nie, Y. L., Liu, K. X., Mao, X. Y., Li, Y. L., Li, J., & Zhang, M. M. (2012). Effect of injection of brucea javanica oil emulsion plus chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer: a review of clinical evidence. J Evid.Based Med., 5, 216-225. Novaes, M. R., Valadares, F., Reis, M. C., Goncalves, D. R., & Menezes, M. C. (2011). The effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricales mushrooms and other medicinal fungi on breast cancer: evidence-based medicine. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 66, 2133-2139. Ogunleye, A. A., Xue, F., & Michels, K. B. (2010). Green tea consumption and breast cancer risk or recurrence: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res.Treat., 119, 477-484. Osland, E., Hossain, M. B., Khan, S., & Memon, M. A. (2014). Effect of timing of pharmaconutrition (immunonutrition) administration on outcomes of elective surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr., 38, 53-69. Ostermann, T. & Bussing, A. (2012). Retrolective studies on the survival of cancer patients treated with mistletoe extracts: a meta-analysis. Explore.(NY), 8, 277-281. Papanikolopoulou, A., Syrigos, K. N., & Drakoulis, N. (2015). The role of glutamine supplementation in thoracic and upper aerodigestive malignancies. Nutr.Cancer, 67, 231-237. PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board (2017). Cannabis and Cannabinoids (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK65755/ PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board (2016). Cartilage (Bovine and Shark) (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK65762/ PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board (2016). Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK65890/ PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board (2017). High-Dose Vitamin C (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ books/NBK121338/ PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board (2017). Hydrazine Sulfate (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ books/NBK66021/

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ÂŠ 2018 International Society for Orthomolecular Medicine ISSN 0317-0209