OSCE Magazine January 2006

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4HE /RGANIZATION FOR 3ECURITY AND #O OPERATION IN %UROPE IS A PAN %UROPEAN SECURITY BODY WHOSE PARTICIPATING 3TATES SPAN THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA FROM 6ANCOUVER TO 6LADIVOSTOK

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iÃÃ>}iÊvÀ ÊÌ iÊÊ i>`Ê vÊÌ iÊ"- Ê ÃÃ ÊÌ Ê Ã >Ê> `Ê iÀâi} Û > /3#% lELD MISSIONS ARE BY NATURE TEMPORARY THINGS "UT CONmICT RESOLUTION AND POST CONmICT REHABILITATION OFTEN TAKE QUITE A BIT OF TIME 4HE /3#% HAS BEEN INVOLVED ON BOTH THESE FRONTS IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA FOR MORE THAN A DECADE )TS REPRESENTATIVES lRST BRAVELY VENTURED IN DURING THE WAR THAT NEARLY RENT THE COUNTRY ASUNDER 4HE CURRENT /3#% PRESENCE TOOK ON ITS FORM AFTER THE 'ENERAL &RAMEWORK !GREEMENT FOR 0EACE IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA BETTER KNOWN TO THE 5 3 MILITARY AS hTHE 'EE FAPv AND TO THE REST OF US AS THE $AYTON 0ARIS 0EACE !CCORDS THAT ENDED THE CONmICT AND ASSIGNED THE /3#% SPECIlC TASKS IN ELECTIONS HUMAN RIGHTS MONITORING AND MILITARY STABILIZATION /VER TIME THESE TASKS LIKE "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA ITSELF

HAVE EVOLVED IN LINE WITH PROGRESS MADE IN WHAT IS KNOWN LOCALLY IF SOMEWHAT INFELICITOUSLY AS hPEACE IMPLEMENTATIONv %LECTIONS FOR INSTANCE ARE NOW ENTIRELY OUT OF OUR HANDS AS "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA HAS PROVEN ITS ABILITY TO ORGANIZE AND RUN ITS OWN ELECTIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE HIGHEST INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 7ITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE /3#% AND OTHERS THE COUNTRY HAS MOVED FORWARD REMARKABLY QUICKLY TO HAVING A SINGLE PROFESSIONAL ARMY SO THAT SOME OF THE ARMS CONTROL RESPONSIBILITIES ASSIGNED TO THE /3#% UNDER $AYTON NO LONGER APPLY (OWEVER AT A CONFERENCE IN $ECEMBER THIS PAST YEAR SPONSORED BY THE 3LOVENIAN #HAIRMANSHIP TO MARK THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF $AYTON SEVERAL DISTINGUISHED PARTICIPANTS INCLUDING THE (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE ,ORD 0ADDY !SHDOWN

AND HIS PREDECESSOR 7OLFGANG 0ETRITSCH NOTED ONE LESSON LEARNED FROM THIS EXPERIENCE THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY HAD NEGLECTED UNTIL IT WAS TOO LATE ASPECTS OF THE hSOFT SIDEv OF PEACE IMPLEMENTATION 4HEY CITED AS EXAMPLES TWO AREAS IN WHICH THE /3#% -ISSION STILL WORKS CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION BOTH CLEARLY LONG TERM ENDEAVOURS 4HEY ALSO ARGUED THAT THESE WILL ONLY INCREASE IN IMPORTANCE IN THE YEARS AHEAD -Y PERSONAL CONCLUSION FROM ALL THIS IS THAT WHILE hTHEMATIC MISSIONSv MAY SOON BE THE LATEST ADDITION TO THE /3#% S BAG OF TRICKS THERE REMAINS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR A SUSTAINED PRESENCE ON THE GROUND IN TROUBLED LANDS IF WE ARE TO HELP ESTABLISH PEACE STABILITY AND SECURITY IN %UROPE ) VERY MUCH HOPE THAT THE ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE OF THE /3#% -AGAZINE ABOUT THE /3#% -ISSION TO "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA WILL LEAD READERS TO THE SAME CONCLUSION $OUGLAS $AVIDSON 3ARAJEVO *ANUARY

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/3#% -AGAZINE

4HE ABSENCE OF A JOINT DECLARATION WAS CLEARLY NOT IDEAL BUT THE RESULTS AT ,JUBLJANA WERE BETTER THAN HAD BEEN EXPECTED ! TOTAL OF DECISIONS WERE ADOPTED INCLUDING A RATHER IMPORTANT ONE ON THE REFORM OF THE /RGANIZATION 4HIS ROAD MAP PROVIDES US WITH THE NECESSARY MANDATE TO BREATHE NEW LIFE INTO THE /3#% ) WOULD ALSO LIKE TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THE JOINT STATEMENT ON 'EORGIA AND THE DECISION TO HOLD A SEMINAR ON MILITARY DOCTRINES IN &EBRUARY )N THE HUMAN DIMENSION THERE WERE DECISIONS ON TOLERANCE AND ON THE PRE VENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 7HAT ARE YOUR PRIORITIES FOR THE #HAIRMANSHIP 7E HAVE AMBITIOUS PLANS BUT WE MUST BE REALISTIC AT THE SAME TIME )N AN ORGANIZA TION IN WHICH THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS IS BASED ON CONSENSUS THE #HAIRMANSHIP MUST FIRST OF ALL PLAY THE ROLE OF HONEST BROKER

AIMING TO SERVE THE INTERESTS AND MEET THE EXPECTATIONS OF ALL ITS MEMBERS /UR FIRST TASK AS IN EVERY CHANGEOVER

IS TO ENSURE THE SMOOTH FUNCTIONING AND CONTINUITY OF THE /RGANIZATION !ND THEN OF COURSE THERE ARE OUR OWN PRIORITIES 7E HAVE FOUR MAJOR THRUSTS s #OMBATING INTERNATIONAL CRIME AND PROMOTING THE RULE OF LAW WILL HAVE PRIDE OF PLACE IN OUR #HAIRMANSHIP 4HESE ARE ISSUES THAT EVERY CITIZEN IS CONCERNED ABOUT s "ELGIUM WILL PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THE INSTITUTIONAL REFORM OF THE /3#% s )N THE INTERESTS OF ENSURING A BETTER BALANCE BETWEEN THE /RGANIZATION S POLITI CO MILITARY ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL

AND HUMAN DIMENSIONS WE WILL DEVOTE ATTENTION TO STRENGTHENING ECONOMIC ACTIVI TIES AND WE WILL SEEK TO INTRODUCE INTO THE

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)NTENSIFIED DIALOGUE AND CLOSE COLLABORA TION BETWEEN THESE TWO ORGANIZATIONS WILL THEREFORE BE CRUCIAL AND WE WILL AIM TO ENSURE THAT THE /3#% CAN PLAY ITS ROLE TO THE FULL &OR A START ) WILL BE VISITING THE REGION IN MID &EBRUARY

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(OW DO YOU VIEW YOUR ROLE IN RESOLVING TENSIONS AND CONFLICTS IN THE /3#% AREA %UROPE TODAY IS GENERALLY AT PEACE AND THE REGION IS NOW IN THE MIDST OF RECONSTRUC TION 4HE WEAPONS HAVE BECOME SILENT IN THE "ALKANS NOT LEAST THANKS TO THE /3#% AND TO THE VALUABLE WORK PERFORMED BY ITS FIELD MISSIONS $URING OUR #HAIRMANSHIP +OSOVO WILL OBVIOUSLY OCCUPY A VERY PROMINENT PLACE IN OUR AGENDA PARTICULARLY AT THIS TIME WHEN THE QUESTION OF ITS FUTURE STATUS IS BEING CONSIDERED 4HE 5NITED .ATIONS )NTERIM !DMINISTRATION -ISSION IN +OSOVO 5.-)+ IS PLANNING TO WIND DOWN ITS ACTIVITIES BY THE END OF WHICH WILL OBVIOUSLY ENTAIL A TRANSFER OF TASKS AND COMPETENCIES TO OTHER PARTNERS INCLUDING THE %UROPEAN 5NION AND THE /3#%

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/3#% THE CO OPERATIVE MECHANISM OF THE 3TABILITY 0ACT FOR 3OUTH %ASTERN %UROPE PAR TICULARLY IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR s &INALLY THE "ELGIAN #HAIRMANSHIP WILL STEP UP EFFORTS TO FIND A SOLUTION TO THE hFROZENv CONFLICTS

4HE NEW /3#% 4ROIKA MEETS THE PRESS ON *ANUARY #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE +AREL $E 'UCHT "ELGIUM IS FLANKED BY $IMITRIJ 2UPEL 3LOVENIA

AND -IGUEL !NGEL -ORATINOS 3PAIN Ü i iÛiÀÊÌ iÞÊ>ÀiÊ iViÃÃ>ÀÞÊv ÀÊÌ iÊÃ> iÊ vÊÌ iÊ"- Ê> `Ê ÌÃÊ Ìi}À ÌÞ° Ê > À > à «ÊV> Ê ÞÊ>V iÛiÊÜ >ÌÊ«>ÀÌ V «>Ì }Ê -Ì>ÌiÃÊ>}ÀiiÊÌ °Ê/ÀÕi]Ê ÌÊ ÃÊv ÀÊÌ iÊ > ÀÊÌ Ê ÃÌ ÊÛ Ã ]Ê>Ê Ãi ÃiÊ vÊ«ÕÀ« ÃiÊ> `ÊÌ iÊ iViÃÃ>ÀÞÊ`Þ > à °Ê ÕÌÊ ÌÊ ÃÊv ÀÊ> Ê vÊÕÃ]ÊV iVÌ Ûi ÞÊ> `Ê ` Û `Õ> Þ]ÊÌ Ê` ÊÜ >ÌÊ ÃÊ ii`i`Êv ÀÊÌ iÊV Ê} `Ê vÊ ÕÀ «i° pÊ Ài } Ê ÃÌiÀÊ >Ài Ê iÊ ÕV Ì]Ê Ê ÃÊV à }Ê ÃÌ>Ìi i ÌÊ>ÌÊÌ iÊ"- Ê ÃÌiÀ > Ê Õ V Ê iiÌ }]Ê ÕL > >]ÊÈÊ iVi LiÀÊÓääx

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4HEN THERE ARE ALSO hFROZENv CONFLICTS AS THEY ARE OFTEN CALLED INHERITED FROM THE PAST )N THE ABSENCE OF LONG TERM SOLUTIONS THESE THREATEN THE BALANCE WITHIN %UROPE ) AM OF COURSE REFERRING TO -OLDOVA 4RANSDNIESTRIA .AGORNO +ARABAKH

AND 'EORGIA 3OUTH /SSETIA !BKHAZIA 4HESE CONFLICTS REPRESENT A DANGER FOR EMERGING DEMOCRACIES AND ARE ALSO A SOURCE OF ECONOMIC STAGNATION #LEARLY THE SOLU TIONS WILL HAVE TO BE BASED ABOVE ALL ON AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES THEMSELVES AND ON THE GREATER WILLINGNESS AND DETER MINATION ON THE PART OF THE MAIN REGIONAL ACTORS 4HE "ELGIAN #HAIRMANSHIP WILL BE AVAILABLE TO PLAY A MEDIATING AND FACILITATING ROLE TO ENSURE THAT THE DECISION MAKING PROC ESS IS AS CONSTRUCTIVE AS POSSIBLE ) WILL BE VISITING THE #AUCASUS IN *ANUARY TO MEET THE AUTHORITIES OF !RMENIA AND !ZERBAIJAN ) BELIEVE THAT A WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY COULD OPEN ON THE .AGORNO +ARABAKH ISSUE 7HAT IS THE #HAIRMANSHIP S STRATEGY IN COMBATING ORGANIZED CRIME !LONGSIDE TERRORISM THIS SCOURGE POSES ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS THREATS TO SOCIETY

AFFECTING EVERY CITIZEN IN EVERY /3#% PARTICI PATING 3TATE WHETHER IN THE %AST OR IN THE 7EST 4HE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED CRIME SEEPS INTO ALL THREE DIMENSIONS OF THE /3#% S WORK APTLY ILLUSTRATING THE IMPORTANCE OF A MULTI DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO SECURITY !S #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE ) SHALL OF COURSE MAKE USE OF THE INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE ALREADY AT THE /RGANIZATION S DISPOSAL 4HE /3#% HAS A 3PECIAL 2EPRESENTATIVE AS WELL AS A UNIT WITHIN THE /3#% 3ECRETARIAT RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS 4HE 3TRATEGIC 0OLICE -ATTERS 5NIT OFFERS ASSISTANCE IN POLICE TRAINING IN THE FIELD !ND COMBATING

MONEY LAUNDERING AND CORRUPTION IS ONE OF THE TASKS OF THE OFFICE OF THE #O ORDINATOR OF %CONOMIC AND %NVIRONMENTAL !CTIVITIES /UR #HAIRMANSHIP HOPES TO CONSOLIDATE THIS MULTI DIMENSIONAL APPROACH AND GIVE NEW IMPETUS TO /3#% ACTIVITIES &OR A START

) WOULD LIKE TO INITIATE A DIALOGUE ON RISK AND THREAT ASSESSMENTS WITHIN THE /3#% 4HE AIM WOULD BE TO IDENTIFY COMMON ELE MENTS THAT COULD LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO BE AGREED ON BY ALL PARTICIPATING 3TATES 7E ALSO NEED TO PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL CO OPERATION ON LEGAL ISSUES AMONG /3#% PARTICIPATING 3TATES ) HAVE IN MIND THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND ENSURING THE PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA !S #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE ) HOPE TO ENCOURAGE GREATER INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION BOTH BETWEEN POLICE FORCES AND BETWEEN JUDICIARIES )T GOES WITHOUT SAYING THAT WE SHOULD NOT EMBARK ON THIS FIGHT WITH BLINDERS ON 4HE FIGHT AGAINST INTERNATIONAL CRIME MUST NOT BE DETRIMENTAL TO THE ACQUIS THAT THE /3#% HAS BUILT UP IN THE HUMAN DIMENSION 2ESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS

AND THE RULE OF LAW ARE AND REMAIN INVIOLA BLE /3#% VALUES 7ILL 0IERRE #HEVALIER WHO HAS BEEN APPOINTED 3PECIAL %NVOY OF THE /3#% #HAIRMANSHIP BE DE FACTO A $EPUTY #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE -R #HEVALIER WILL hDEPUTIZEv FOR ME AT MEETINGS AND NEGOTIATIONS THAT ) CANNOT ATTEND )N THE RECENT PAST HE HAS SERVED AS "ELGIUM S 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE FOR &OREIGN 4RADE )N VIEW OF HIS POLITICAL STATURE AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OUR 3PECIAL %NVOY WILL PROVIDE FIRST RATE SUPPORT AND WILL STRENGTHEN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE "ELGIAN #HAIRMANSHIP

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0IERRE #HEVALIER REPRESENTS AND ASSISTS &OREIGN -INISTER +AREL $E 'UCHT IN ALL HIS FUNCTIONS AS #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE &OR THE PAST THREE YEARS HE HAS BEEN SERVING AS 3ENATOR AND AS 0ERSONAL 2EPRESENTATIVE OF THE 0RIME -INISTER AND THE &OREIGN -INISTER TO THE %5 )NTERGOVERNMENTAL #ONFERENCE %ARLIER HIGH LEVEL POSTS INCLUDED #HAIRMAN OF THE #OMMITTEE FOR &OREIGN 2ELATIONS OF THE "ELGIAN 0ARLIAMENT AND 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE FOR &OREIGN 4RADE (E HOLDS A -ASTER OF ,AW AND A -ASTER IN #RIMINOLOGY FROM THE 5NIVERSITY OF 'HENT

*ANUARY

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2USSIAN &OREIGN -INISTER 3ERGEY ,AVROV URGED HIS COLLEAGUES TO REDOUBLE THEIR EFFORTS TO TRANSFORM THE /3#% INTO hA THOROUGHLY VIABLE DEMOCRATIC EFFECTIVE AND USEFUL ORGANIZATION FOR ALL ITS PARTICIPATING 3TATESv

!MONG THE &OREIGN -INISTERS AT THE TH /3#% -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL MEETING WERE FRONT ROWS 6UK $RAÝKOVIŗ 3ERBIA AND -ONTENEGRO )LINKA -ITREVA

THE FORMER 9UGOSLAV 2EPUBLIC OF -ACEDONIA $IMITRIJ 2UPEL 3LOVENIA OUTGOING #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE "ENITA &ERRERO 7ALDNER %5 #OMMISSIONER AND FORMER !USTRIAN &OREIGN -INISTER 5RSULA 0LASSNIK

!USTRIA AND +OLINA 'RABAR +ITAROVIŗ #ROATIA 0HOTO COURTESY OF 34!

,JUBLJANA SCENES 34!

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*ANUARY

,JUBLJANA DECISIONS AND DOCUMENTS 4HE TH /3#% -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL MEETING HELD IN ,JUBLJANA 3LOVENIA ON AND $ECEMBER

ADOPTED DECISIONS ON THE FOLLOWING MATTERS s THE APPOINTMENT OF THE /3#% 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL -ARC 0ERRIN DE "RICHAMBAUT FOR A PERIOD OF THREE YEARS STARTING *UNE s MIGRATION s COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME s COMBATING THE THREAT OF ILLICIT DRUGS s FURTHER MEASURES TO ENHANCE CONTAINER SECURITY s SUPPORTING THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF 5. 3ECURITY #OUNCIL 2ESOLUTION ON PREVENTING THE PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION s FURTHER EFFORTS TO IMPLEMENT THE /3#% $OCUMENTS ON 3MALL !RMS AND ,IGHT 7EAPONS AND ON 3TOCKPILES OF #ONVENTIONAL !MMUNITION s AN /3#% SEMINAR ON MILITARY DOCTRINE ON AND &EBRUARY s TOLERANCE AND NON DISCRIMINATION PROMOTING MUTUAL RESPECT AND UNDERSTANDING s THE PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE /3#% AREA

s UPHOLDING HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS s COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS s WOMEN IN CONFLICT PREVENTION CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND POST CONFLICT REHABILITATION s PREVENTING AND COMBATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN s ENSURING THE HIGHEST STANDARDS OF CONDUCT AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF PERSONS SERVING ON INTERNATIONAL FORCES AND MISSIONS s STRENGTHENING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE /3#% s THE /3#% #HAIRMANSHIP IN THE YEAR &INLAND AND s THE TIME AND PLACE OF THE NEXT MEETING OF THE /3#% -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL "ELGIUM AND $ECEMBER 4HE -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL ALSO ADOPTED THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS ,JUBLJANA -INISTERIAL 3TATEMENT ON THE )NTERNATIONAL #ONVENTION FOR THE 3UPPRESSION OF !CTS OF .UCLEAR 4ERRORISM 4HE "ORDER 3ECURITY AND -ANAGEMENT #ONCEPT ,JUBLJANA -INISTERIAL $ECLARATION ON THE TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DISASTER AT THE #HERNOBYL .UCLEAR 0OWER 0LANT ,JUBLJANA -INISTERIAL 3TATEMENT ON 'EORGIA 3TATEMENT ON THE #ONFLICT $EALT WITH BY THE /3#% -INSK 'ROUP

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$ECEMBER 3EATED

LEFT TO RIGHT 3ERBIAN 0RESIDENT 3LOBODAN -ILOÝEVIŗ #ROATIAN 0RESIDENT &RANJO 4UāMAN AND "OSNIAN 0RESIDENT !LIJA )ZETBEGOVIŗ SIGN THE 'ENERAL &RAMEWORK !GREEMENT FOR 0EACE IN "I( ENDING FOUR YEARS OF WAR IN FORMER 9UGOSLAVIA "EHIND THEM ARE 3PANISH 0RIME -INISTER &ELIPE 'ONZALES 5 3 0RESIDENT "ILL #LINTON &RENCH 0RESIDENT *ACQUES #HIRAC

'ERMAN #HANCELLOR (ELMUT +OHL "RITISH 0RIME -INISTER *OHN -AJOR AND 2USSIAN 0REMIER 6IKTOR #HERNOMYRDIN 4HE !CCORD HAD BEEN INITIALLED EARLIER ON .OVEMBER AT THE 7RIGHT 0ATTERSON !IR &ORCE "ASE IN $AYTON /HIO 0HOTO !&0

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N 6IENNA THE FIRST !MBASSADOR OF THE 5NITED 3TATES TO THE /3#% *OHN +ORNBLUM DESCRIBED THE NEWLY MINTED ORGANIZATION AS hAN EXCELLENT LABORATORYv (E RECOGNIZED THAT THE /3#% THROUGH ITS FIELD MISSIONS WOULD BE CONFRONTED WITH A MULTITUDE OF COMPLEX CHALLENGES IN THE RAPIDLY EVOLVING POST #OLD 7AR WORLD 4HE NEW ORGANIZATION S PRIMARY FOCUS WOULD BE ON EARLY WARNING CONFLICT PREVENTION CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND POST CONFLICT REHABILITATION 4HE FIELD MISSIONS WOULD NOT HAVE IDENTI CAL MANDATES EACH MANDATE WOULD NECESSAR ILY EVOLVE ALONG WITH THE HOST COUNTRY SITUA TION 4HE MISSIONS IF THEY WERE TO HAVE THE DESIRED IMPACT WOULD HAVE TO BE FOCUSED

FLEXIBLE CREATIVE AND RESULTS ORIENTED ,ESS THAN A YEAR LATER THE $AYTON 0EACE !CCORDS OFFICIALLY SIGNED IN 0ARIS ON $ECEMBER ASSIGNED TO THE /3#% IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE CHALLENGING

AND UNCERTAIN POST CONFLICT ENVIRONMENT OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA "I( s TO ELABORATE AND IMPLEMENT AGREEMENTS ON CONFIDENCE AND SECURITY BUILDING MEAS URES AND REGIONAL AND SUB REGIONAL ARMS CONTROL s TO ADOPT AND PUT IN PLACE AN ELECTIONS PROGRAMME SUPERVISE THE PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS AND ESTABLISH A 0ROVISIONAL %LECTION #OMMISSION AND s TO APPOINT THROUGH THE GOOD OFFICES OF THE /3#% #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE A (UMAN 2IGHTS /MBUDSMAN 4HIS MADE IT CLEAR AT THE VERY OUTSET WHAT THE KEY PRIORITIES OF THE /3#% -ISSION TO "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA WOULD BE 3ECURITY

DEMOCRATIZATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS WERE AND STILL ARE AT THE CORE OF ITS WORK -- "

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&OR A FULL DECADE IN REGULAR CONSULTATION WITH THE /3#% 0ERMANENT #OUNCIL IN 6IENNA AND ITS PARTICIPATING 3TATES THE -ISSION HAS PLACED ITS EMPHASIS ON ISSUES AND PRO GRAMMES THAT ARE ESSENTIAL TO "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA S DEVELOPMENT AS A DEMOCRATIC

MULTI ETHNIC 3TATE IN WHICH CITIZENS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS PUT A PREMIUM ON THE RULE OF LAW AND ACTIVELY PROTECT AND REINFORCE THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL 4WO COMPONENTS OF THE /3#% -ISSION S

*ANUARY

hPERSONALITYv HAVE BEEN CRUCIAL TO ITS SUC CESS ITS STAFF AND ITS COUNTRY WIDE PRESENCE &IRST AND FOREMOST ARE ITS STAFF MEMBERS 4HE -ISSION TEAM IS DRAWN FROM MORE THAN OF THE /3#% S PARTICIPATING 3TATES

WITH A MAJORITY COMING FROM "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA ITSELF 4HEY HAVE BROUGHT EXCEPTIONAL EXPERIENCE EXPERTISE AND COM MITMENT TO A BROAD RANGE OF PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES 3OME OF THESE TASKS SUCH AS ELECTION SUPPORT AND MEDIA DEVELOPMENT HAVE BEEN CONCLUDED /THERS SUCH AS EDUCATION REFORM PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM AND SECURITY CO OPERATION ARE MORE RECENT ADDI TIONS 3TILL OTHERS SUCH AS HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRATIZATION HAVE ENDURED IN ONE FORM OR ANOTHER SINCE THE -ISSION S EARLY DAYS "UT ALL ARE ESSENTIAL TO A "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA THAT IS TO TAKE ITS PLACE IN THE FAMILY OF DEMOCRATIC 3TATES 4HEN THERE IS THE /3#% S WIDESPREAD PRESENCE 4HE /3#% -ISSION HAS NEVER BEEN 3ARAJEVO CENTRIC 0RACTICALLY FROM DAY ONE

THE TEAM HAS BEEN SYSTEMATICALLY DEPLOYED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY 7ITH ITS FOUR REGION AL CENTRES AND FIELD OFFICES THE /3#% TEAM ATTUNED TO THE REALITIES OF DEMOCRAT IC DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN SECURITY AT THE LOCAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL HAS LONG SERVED AS AN ESSENTIAL RESOURCE FOR THE LARGER INTER NATIONAL COMMUNITY *",/Ê " Ê

%VEN MORE IMPORTANTLY THE -ISSION S LOCAL OFFICES HAVE REPEATEDLY BEEN THE FIRST PORT OF CALL FOR CITIZENS WHO HAVE BEEN TREATED UNFAIRLY )F THE /3#% -ISSION TO "I( HAD NOT EXISTED IT WOULD HAVE HAD TO BE INVENTED "UT THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF $AYTON IS AN APPROPRIATE MOMENT NOT ONLY TO LOOK BACK

/3#% -ISSION TO "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA

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BUT ALSO TO LOOK AHEAD )N LOOKING TO THE FUTURE TWO QUESTIONS IMMEDIATELY COME TO MIND 7HAT SHOULD BE THE FUTURE SIZE AND ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY PRESENCE IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA !T WHAT POINT AND IN WHAT WAYS WILL THE COUNTRY hGRADUATEv IN THE VIEW OF ITS PEOPLE ITS AUTHORITIES AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD FROM BEING AN ESSENTIALLY PASSIVE hIMPORTERv OF OUTSIDE AID AND AUTHORITY TO BEING AN hEXPORTERv OF EXPERIENCE CREATIVITY AND KNOW HOW INTO A WORLD DESPERATELY IN NEED OF ALL THREE /N THE FIRST QUESTION THE DEBATE IS ALREADY WELL UNDER WAY WHICH IS IN ITSELF A

7AR AND RECOVERY k /UT OF AN ESTIMATED "I( POPULATION OF MILLION CENSUS

MORE THAN MILLION PEOPLE ABANDONED THEIR HOMES DURING THE CONFLICT MAKING IT THE WORST REFUGEE CRISIS SINCE THE 3ECOND 7ORLD 7AR

k !N ESTIMATED MILLION UPROOTED PERSONS HAVE RETURNED HOME IN ALL AREAS OF THE "ALKANS SINCE THE MID S (OWEVER SOME

CIVILIANS OR POSSIBLY MORE ARE STILL WAITING THEIR TURN TO GO BACK THE MAJOR PROBLEM BEING THE RETURN OF ETHNIC 3ERBS AND OTHER MINORITIES TO +OSOVO 4HOUSANDS OF OTHERS HAVE PERMANENTLY SETTLED OVERSEAS

k )N MID A MILESTONE WAS REACHED WHEN A TOTAL OF ONE MILLION DISPLACED PERSONS HAD BEEN ABLE TO RETURN TO THEIR RIGHTFUL HOMES 4HE PROCESS WAS DIFFICULT AS HOMES HAD EITHER BEEN DESTROYED OR WERE BEING OCCUPIED BY NEW TENANTS ! SIGNIFICANT FACTOR THAT ACCELERATED MINORITY RETURNS AFTER WAS THE COUNTRY WIDE ENFORCEMENT OF PROPERTY LAWS

k )N *ANUARY THE 'OVERNMENTS OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA

#ROATIA AND 3ERBIA AND -ONTENEGRO TOGETHER WITH THE %UROPEAN 5NION THE /3#% AND THE 5.(#2 SIGNED AN AGREEMENT IN 3ARAJEVO THE h X )NITATIVEv IN WHICH THEY AGREED TO RESOLVE ALL OUTSTANDING REFUGEE AND INTERNATIONAL DISPLACEMENT CASES THROUGHOUT THE "ALKANS BY THE END OF

k )T IS BELIEVED THAT SOME PEOPLE LOST THEIR LIVES IN THE MONTH LONG WAR IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA

k ,ATEST AVAILABLE FIGURES REVEAL THAT SOME PER CENT OF RETURNEES WERE INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS )$0S WITH THE REMAINING PER CENT RETURNING AFTER HAVING SOUGHT REFUGE OUTSIDE "I(

*ANUARY

3OURCES 5.(#2 AND /3#%

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2OBERT "EECROFT S TEACHING BACKGROUND PROVED INVALUABLE WHEN THE /3#% -ISSION WAS ASKED TO SPEARHEAD EDUCATION REFORM IN "I(

3ARAJEVO /CTOBER !MBASSADOR "EECROFT

(IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE 0ADDY !SHDOWN AND SCHOOLCHILDREN LAUNCH THE EDUCATION REFORM CAMPAIGN IN "I( 0HOTOS -ISSION TO "I( .ERMIN 0ODäIŗ

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TIMELY AND WELCOME DEVELOPMENT )TS OUT COME WILL AFFECT NOT ONLY THE /3#% -ISSION

BUT ALL THE ORGANIZATIONS THAT HAVE EMERGED FROM THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO THE WAR !S (EAD OF -ISSION ) USED TO ASK MY STAFF NOT TO GET hHUNG UPv ON MATTERS OF PROCESS BUT INSTEAD TO IMAGINE AN ACCEPT ABLE OUTCOME WORK BACKWARDS TO THE PRESENT AND DRAW A LINE CONNECTING THE TWO /NCE THIS IS DONE THE PROCESS TENDS TO DEFINE ITSELF AND THE WAY FORWARD BECOMES CLEAR 3UCH AN APPROACH CAN BE USEFUL IN IMAG INING THE COUNTRY S FUTURE IN %UROPE IN THE %URO !TLANTIC COMMUNITY AND IN THE WORLD 4EN YEARS AFTER THE WAR ONE NOW SEES THE OUTLINES OF A VIABLE DEMOCRATIC 3TATE INCREASINGLY IMPATIENT WITH CORRUPTION

CONCERNED ABOUT ACHIEVING A FAIR BALANCE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND COMMUNITY RIGHTS AND PREOCCUPIED WITH DEVELOPING ITS ECONOMY 4HE SOONER THE OUTLINES ARE FILLED IN THE SOONER THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY PRES ENCE WILL BE REDUCED TO WHAT IT IS IN MOST PLACES AROUND THE WORLD BILATERAL EMBASSIES AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES 4HE PRIMARY FOR EIGN PRESENCE IN THE COUNTRY SHOULD CONSIST OF INVESTORS AND TOURISTS NOT INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SERVANTS 4HE ANSWER TO THE SECOND QUESTION FLOWS FROM THE FIRST !LL TOO OFTEN THE IMAGE OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA OVERSEAS IS THAT ITS PEOPLE ARE PASSIVE AND THAT THEY HAVE OVER THE CENTURIES DEVELOPED A hRECIPIENTv MEN TALITY INTO A FINE ART ) KNOW FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCE IN HUNDREDS OF COMMUNITIES ALL OVER THE COUNTRY HOW UNFAIR AND INACCURATE THAT IMAGE IS 4O COUNTER IT HOWEVER WILL REQUIRE VISIONARY DOMESTIC LEADERSHIP OF A HIGH ORDER %XAMPLES OF "OSNIAN READINESS TO hGIVE BACKv TO ENGAGE POSITIVELY BEYOND THE

COUNTRY S BORDERS ALREADY EXIST 4HE WORLD CLASS EXPERTISE OF "OSNIAN $.! EXPERTS MADE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT IN MY COUNTRY IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE TERRORIST ATTACKS OF 3EPTEMBER 4HE DEDICATED POLICE OFFICERS FROM "I( IN %AST 4IMOR DEM ONSTRATED BOTH PROFESSIONALISM AND INTER ETHNIC TEAMWORK AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE IN AN ISLAND 3TATE WITH ITS OWN ETHNIC PROB LEMS 4HE BRAVE AND DANGEROUS MISSION OF SOLDIERS OF THE !RMED &ORCES OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA IN )RAQ IS THE LATEST EXAMPLE

AND ONE WHICH EVERY CITIZEN IN THE COUNTRY CAN BE PROUD OF !S "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA GAINS IN SELF ASSURANCE ) LOOK FORWARD TO ADDITIONAL CONFIRMATION THAT IT SEES ITSELF AS A COMMIT TED TRAVELLER ON A TWO WAY STREET AND AS A CONSTRUCTIVE PARTNER IN A WORLD FULL OF CHAL LENGES )N A DEMOCRACY IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO SIT BACK AND LEAVE ONE S POLITICAL LEADERS TO DEFINE THE FUTURE 2ATHER IT IS UP TO EVERY ONE OF US TO PLAY A PART BY BEING ACTIVELY INVOLVED AND BY MAKING OUR PERSONAL EXPEC TATIONS CLEAR IN THE VOTING BOOTH THROUGH LOCAL INITIATIVES

BY VOLUNTEERING EVEN BY SENDING OFF A LETTER TO A NEWSPAPER 3UCH POSITIVE ACTIVISM CAN BE CONTAGIOUS AND IT CAN EVEN ENERGIZE POLITICIANS 4EN YEARS AGO FEW PEOPLE WOULD HAVE BET THAT BY "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA WOULD HAVE REACHED ITS CURRENT HOPEFUL STATE OF RECOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT ,ET US NOW THINK TEN YEARS AHEAD 7HERE WOULD WE LIKE THE COUNTRY TO BE IN !ND HOW WORKING TOGETHER CAN ITS CITIZENS GET THERE L>ÃÃ>` ÀÊ, LiÀÌÊ iiVÀ vÌÊÜ>ÃÊÌ iÊ i>`Ê vÊ Ì iÊ"- Ê Ãà ÊÌ Ê Ã >Ê> `Ê iÀâi} Û >Ê vÀ Ê Õ ÞÊÓää£ÊÌ Ê Õ ÞÊÓää{°Ê iÊVÕÀÀi Ì ÞÊ Ìi>V iÃÊ>ÌÊÌ iÊ >Ì > Ê ivi ÃiÊ1 ÛiÀà ÌÞÊ Ê 7>à }Ì ]Ê ° °

*ANUARY

>Õ V }ÊÌ iÊ Ã > Ê i iVÌ À> Ê«À ViÃà º ÝVii` }Ê >ÞÌ » Ê Ûi LiÀÊ£ x]ÊÌ iÊ i} Ì >Ì ÀÃÊ vÊÌ iʺ i iÀ> Ê À> iÜ À Ê }Àii i ÌÊv ÀÊ*i>ViÊ Ê Ã >Ê> `Ê iÀâi} Û >»Ê Ê >ÞÌ Ê ÀiµÕiÃÌi`ÊÌ iÊ"- ÊÌ Ê>ÃÃÕ iÊÀië à L ÌÞÊv ÀÊÌ ÀiiÊ iÞÊ Ì>à ÃÊ ÊÌ iÊ« ÃÌ Ü>ÀÊ«i>ViÊ«À ViÃðÊ"vÊÌ iÃi]ÊÌ iÊ } iÃÌÊ > `Ê ÃÌÊ i` >ÌiÊ«À À ÌÞÊÜ>ÃÊ>Ãà ÃÌ }ÊÌ iÊ>ÕÌ À Ì iÃÊ Ê>Ê `i VÀ>Ì â>Ì Ê«À }À> iÊÌ Ê V Õ`iÊÌ iÊÃÕ«iÀÛ Ã Ê vÊvÀiiÊ> `Ê v> ÀÊi iVÌ Ã° 9Ê," ,/Ê ,"7 Ê

4 3ARAJEVO 3EPTEMBER !N /3#% AIRCRAFT TRANSPORTS BALLOT PAPERS OF "I( REFUGEES WHO VOTED IN THE FIRST POST WAR MUNICIPAL ELECTION 0HOTO 2EUTERS

*ANUARY

O DRAW UP AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO MEETING THIS SET OF CHALLENGES THE /3#% S #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE FOR

(UNGARIAN &OREIGN -INISTER ,ÉSZLØ +OVÉCS

ESTABLISHED A 4ASK &ORCE IN 6IENNA 4HE /3#% HAD NO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE IN SUPER VISING ELECTIONS AND HAD TO START FROM SCRATCH IN DEVELOPING A VISION ON HOW TO PROCEED &ORTUNATELY WE WERE ASSISTED BY EXPERTS &IRST CAME A GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL ISTS WHO GAVE US INVALUABLE ADVICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS .EXT 3WEDEN HOSTED AN INFORMAL MEETING OF EXPERTS WHO PROVIDED ADDITIONAL COUNSEL /NCE THE /3#% -ISSION TO "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA WAS UNDER WAY IN 3ARAJEVO WE CLOSELY FOLLOWED ALL THIS INI TIAL ADVICE

!T $AYTON IT WAS DECREED THAT ELECTIONS SHOULD TAKE PLACE WITHIN SIX TO NINE MONTHS UNDER CONDITIONS OF FREEDOM OF ASSOCIA TION EXPRESSION AND MOVEMENT IN A NEUTRAL POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT !S THE /3#% S FIRST (EAD OF -ISSION IN THE COUNTRY ) REGARDED THIS COMBINATION AS COMPLETELY UNREALISTIC 4HERE WERE STILL TOO MANY STRAINS FROM THE WAR (OWEVER ) THOUGHT WE HAD TO DO OUR BEST TO ACHIEVE A NEW DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT ED STRUCTURE OF GOVERNANCE ) SOUGHT TO DEVELOP AN EFFECTIVE BAL ANCE BETWEEN HONORING THE INTEGRITY OF THE $AYTON COMPROMISES AND ACHIEVING MANDATED DEADLINES 7E WORKED SEVEN DAYS A WEEK TO BUILD UP A -ISSION PRESENCE THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY WHILE PURSUING INTENSIVE CIVILIAN AND MILITARY CONSULTATIONS INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY -1

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&ROM FOUR OF US IN $ECEMBER WE GREW WITHIN FIVE MONTHS TO AN INTERNATIONAL STAFF OF AND AN ADDITIONAL TO LOCALLY HIRED PERSONNEL 7E ESTABLISHED A MAIN OFFICE IN 3ARAJEVO SIX 2EGIONAL #ENTRES AND FIELD OFFICES

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"ANJA ,UKA *UNE "OSNIAN 3ERB WOMEN DEMAND INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR MISSING FAMILY MEMBERS

3EPTEMBER $ESPITE THE DAUNTING OBSTACLES THE FIRST POST WAR ELECTIONS IN "I( PROCEED UNDER /3#% AUSPICES

)N RAPID SUCCESSION WE SIMULTANEOUSLY CREATED A 0ROVISIONAL %LECTION #OMMISSION

0OLITICAL 0ARTIES #ONSULTATIVE #OMMISSION

-EDIA %XPERTS #OMMISSION AND %LECTIONS !PPEALS 3UB #OMMISSION WHILE OUR $IRECTORATE 'ENERAL FOR %LECTIONS WAS TAKING SHAPE "Y *UNE ) THOUGHT WE HAD SUF FICIENT STRENGTH TO PROCEED WITH ELECTIONS !ND SO IT WAS THAT ) RECOMMENDED AT A 0EACE )MPLEMENTATION #OUNCIL CONFERENCE IN &LORENCE THAT GENERAL ELECTIONS BE HELD ON 3EPTEMBER EXACTLY NINE MONTHS AFTER THE SIGNING OF THE 0EACE !GREEMENT IN 0ARIS ) THEN MET WITH 3WISS &OREIGN -INISTER &LAVIO #OTTI /3#% #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE FOR TO DISCUSS WHAT TO DO ABOUT 2ADOVAN +ARADäIʄ INDICTED FOR WAR CRIMES

BY THE )NTERNATIONAL #RIMINAL 4RIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER 9UGOSLAVIA )#49 BUT WHO WAS

IGNORING THE INDICTMENT AND CONTINUING TO SERVE AS 0RESIDENT OF 2EPUBLIKA 3RPSKA 23 AND THE 3ERBIAN $EMOCRATIC 0ARTY 3$3 #ARL "ILDT FORMER 0RIME -INISTER OF 3WEDEN AND THE FIRST (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE IN 3ARAJEVO BEGAN STEPS TO STRIP AWAY -R +ARADäIʄ S POWERS AS 23 0RESIDENT AND ) RESOLVED TO EFFECT HIS REMOVAL FROM THE 3$3 0RESIDENCY BEFORE THE START OF THE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN ) DISCUSSED MY POSITION WITH THE 3$3 LEADERSHIP THE /3#% S 0ERMANENT #OUNCIL AND 0ARLIAMENTARY !SSEMBLY

0RESIDENT 3LOBODAN -ILOÝEVIʄ IN "ELGRADE

AND 2USSIAN &OREIGN -INISTER 9EVGENY 0RIMAKOV IN -OSCOW /N THE EVE OF THE CAMPAIGN FORMER 5 3 !SSISTANT 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE 2ICHARD (OLBROOKE HEAD OF THE 5 3 NEGOTIATING TEAM IN $AYTON CAME TO THE REGION AND HAMMERED OUT AN AGREEMENT IN "ELGRADE FINALIZING -R +ARADäIʄ S DEPARTURE FROM ALL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC LIFE 4HIS GAVE A BOOST TO THE LAUNCH OF THE CAMPAIGN 4HE 3EPTEMBER POLL IN WHICH DISPLACED PERSONS AND WIDELY SCATTERED REFUGEES PARTICIPATED TOOK PLACE WITHOUT VIOLENCE BUT WITH NOTEWORTHY IRREGULARITIES 7AR TIME ARRANGEMENTS GAVE WAY TO A NEW INTER ETHNIC "I( 0RESIDENCY "I( (OUSE OF 2EPRESENTATIVES &EDERATION (OUSE OF 2EPRESENTATIVES 23 0RESIDENCY 23 .ATIONAL !SSEMBLY AND &EDERATION #ANTONS

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7E POSTPONED HIGHLY CONTENTIOUS MUNIC IPAL ELECTIONS IN ORDER TO EASE PRESSURES ON THE REST OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS "Y EARLY

A DEFINITIVE AGREEMENT WAS REACHED WITH $ANISH &OREIGN -INISTER .IELS (ELVEG 0ETERSON THEN /3#% #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE

TO SCHEDULE MUNICIPAL VOTING THE FOLLOW ING 3EPTEMBER #ARL "ILDT DECIDED THAT THE /3#% SHOULD NOT ONLY SUPERVISE BUT ALSO IMPLEMENT RESULTS OF THE LOCAL VOTING )MPLEMENTATION WAS BOUND TO BE MOST DIF FICULT SINCE MAJOR POLITICAL STRUGGLES OVER CONTROL OF KEY CITIES WERE CONTINUING !MBASSADOR 2ICHARD %LLERKMAN OF 'ERMANY WHO SUCCEEDED 3IR +ENNETH 3COTT AS THE /3#% S $EPUTY (EAD OF -ISSION IN LATE DEVELOPED A THOROUGH IMPLEMEN TATION PLAN THAT WAS APPROVED BY &OREIGN -INISTERS AT 3INTRA 0ORTUGAL IN -AY /FFICIALS OF THE 3$3 AND THE #ROATIAN $EMOCRATIC 5NION ($: CONSISTENTLY THREATENED TO BOYCOTT BUT ULTIMATELY PARTICI

*ANUARY

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REGIONAL STABILIZATION INITIATIVES THAT INCLUD ED OVERSEEING THE DISMANTLING OF

ARMAMENTS ) CONCLUDED THAT THE /3#% -ISSION HAD IN MOST RESPECTS EXCEEDED THE TASKS REQUESTED OF IT AT $AYTON /N COMPLETING THIS EXTRAORDINARY DIP LOMATIC EXPERIENCE ) CONSIDERED IT A GREAT PRIVILEGE TO HAVE PARTICIPATED IN THE EARLY POST WAR EFFORTS TO CONSOLIDATE A PEACE WITH JUSTICE

/CTOBER #HILDREN PLAY IN THE RUINS OF 3ARAJEVO

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PATED IN GENERALLY EFFECTIVE LOCAL ELECTIONS

AGAIN WITHOUT VIOLENCE -EANTIME A CRISIS ERUPTED IN 2EPUBLIKA 3RPSKA WHEN 0RESIDENT "ILJANA 0LAVÝIʄ BEGAN OPPOSING THE 3$3 OLD GUARD DIS SOLVED THE 23 !SSEMBLY AND CALLED FOR /3#% SUPERVISION OF ELECTIONS OF A NEW !SSEMBLY #OMPLEX LEGAL HURDLES AND HESI TANCY BY MUCH OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMU NITY WERE GRADUALLY OVERCOME ) CONSISTENTLY ARGUED TO THE #ONTACT 'ROUP AND /3#% 0ERMANENT #OUNCIL THAT -S 0LAVÝIʄ SHOULD BE SUPPORTED /UR -ISSION S 0OLITICAL $IRECTOR !MBASSADOR 6LADIMIR +UZNETSOV OF THE 2USSIAN &EDERATION HELPED US NAVIGATE THROUGH THE SITUATION &INALLY A NEW 23 !SSEMBLY WAS ELECTED IN .OVEMBER (AVING ACHIEVED A STUNNING VICTORY

"ILJANA 0LAVÝIʄ BEGAN TO PUT TOGETHER AN INTER ETHNIC GOVERNING COALITION AND STRENGTHENED TIES WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY )N TURN HER PEOPLE BEGAN RECEIVING GREATLY INCREASED INTERNATIONAL AID !T THE TIME THIS REPRESENTED A SIGNIFI CANT BREAKTHROUGH IN THE PEACE PROCESS )N MY FAREWELL STATEMENT TO THE 0EACE )MPLEMENTATION #OUNCIL IN "ONN IN $ECEMBER ) RECALLED ALL THE ELECTORAL RESULTS OF AND OUR -ISSION S ADVANCES IN BUILDING UP DEMOCRATIZATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROGRAMMES AND OUR

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*ANUARY

*ULY :VORNIK !N EXPLOSION DESTROYS AN /3#% VEHICLE A GRIM REMINDER OF THE TENSE POST WAR ENVIRONMENT

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!PRIL 3ARAJEVO !MBASSADOR "ARRY ANNOUNCES RESULTS OF MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS TO THE PRESS 0HOTO 2EUTERS

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Y OWN ROLE IN ELECTIONS BEGAN WITH MY APPOINTMENT AS (EAD OF -ISSION AND CHAIR OF THE 0ROVISIONAL %LECTION #OMMISSION IN *ANUARY OF 4HE PREVIOUS MONTH THE 0EACE )MPLEMENTATION #OUNCIL MEETING IN "ONN HAD SIGNALLED STRONG DISSATISFACTION AT THE SLOW PACE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE $AYTON !CCORDS THE RETURN OF REFUGEES AND DEMOC RATIZATION 4HE "ONN COMMUNIQUÏ GAVE NEW POWERS TO THE (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE AND ENCOURAGED THE /3#% TO IMPLEMENT THE RESULTS OF THE MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS AND TO PREPARE FOR NATIONAL ELECTIONS IN WHICH WOULD CON TRIBUTE TOWARDS THE RETURN OF REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS 4HE FIRST TASK OF THE /3#% -ISSION AND ITS THEN FIELD OFFICES WAS TO PRESS HARD FOR THE FORMATION OF MULTI ETHNIC MUNICIPAL

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GOVERNMENTS COMBINING INCENTIVES AND SANCTIONS !T THE SAME TIME WE BEGAN THE PROCESS OF MODIFYING THE PROVISIONAL ELECTION RULES AND REGULATIONS WITH THE AIM OF PRO MOTING CO OPERATION AMONG ETHNIC GROUPS !N IMPORTANT FIRST STEP WAS TO BRING NEW MEMBERS INTO THE 0ROVISIONAL %LECTION #OMMISSION TO LESSEN THE IMPACT OF THE NATIONALIST PARTIES !DDING REPRESENTATIVES OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND hOTHERSv THOSE WHO DID NOT FEEL THEY BELONGED TO THE "OSNIAC

#ROAT OR 3ERB ETHNIC GROUPS IMPROVED THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE #OMMISSION AND LED TO A NUMBER OF REFORMS MOST OF WHICH HAD BEEN RECOMMENDED BY #OMMISSION MEM BERS THEMSELVES

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"EFORE THE NATIONAL ELECTIONS IN 3EPTEMBER

STEPS WERE TAKEN TO INCREASE THE REPRE SENTATION OF WOMEN BAN PAID POLITICAL ADVER TISING ON ELECTRONIC MEDIA REQUIRE CANDIDATES

*ANUARY

AND ELECTED OFFICIALS TO FILE FINANCIAL DISCLO SURE STATEMENTS PREVENT THE CANDIDACY OF INDIVIDUALS ILLEGALLY OCCUPYING OTHERS HOMES

AND PREVENT INCENDIARY MEDIA BROADCASTS /THER REFORMS WERE INTRODUCED DURING THE DRAFTING OF THE ELECTION LAW AGAIN DESIGNED TO FAVOUR MODERATE CANDIDATES 2EQUIRING CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE TO GIVE UP POSITIONS ON MANAGEMENT BOARDS OF 3TATE COMPANIES HELPED AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND THE DIVERSION OF 3TATE FUNDS TO POLITICAL PARTIES 4HE INTRODUCTION OF OPEN LIST VOTING AND THE PREFERENTIAL VOTING SYSTEM IMPROVED THE CHANCES OF CANDIDATES WITH AN APPEAL ACROSS ETHNIC LINES 4HE REMOVAL OF PROVISIONS ENABLING ONE CONSTITUENT PEOPLE TO USE THE (OUSE OF 0EOPLES TO BLOCK ACTION ON ANY LEG ISLATION CAUSED GREAT CONTROVERSY BUT CLEARED THE WAY FOR A MORE WORKABLE SYSTEM OF GOV ERNMENT ,EGAL STEPS ALLOWING THE /3#% TO AUDIT POLITICAL PARTY FINANCIAL RECORDS PROVID ED AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR FIGHTING CORRUPTION , /Ê/"Ê, /1,

)N ADDITION TO THE REFORM OF ELECTORAL RULES AND THE REMOVAL OF CANDIDATES AND ELECTED OFFICIALS BLOCKING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE $AYTON !GREEMENT THE /3#% -ISSION DEVOT ED A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION TO PROMOTING THE RETURN OF THOSE DISPLACED BY THE CONFLICT 7E FELT THAT THE RIGHT TO RETURN WAS A KEY HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE AND COULD SERVE AS A MEANS TO CREATE A CONSTITUENCY FOR INTER ETHNIC CO OPERATION "ECAUSE THE /3#% -ISSION HAD THE LARGEST NUMBER OF FIELD OFFICES AMONG ALL THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANI ZATIONS IT WAS ABLE TO PLAY A KEY ROLE IN HELPING PEOPLE APPLY FOR THE RETURN OF THEIR PROPERTY AND LATER IN SUPPORTING RETURNEES POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS 7HILE BOTH THE /3#% AND THE (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE TOOK THE POSITION THAT REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS HAD THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE WHETHER OR NOT TO VOTE AT THEIR PRE WAR CONSTITUENCIES

THE /3#% MADE EVERY EFFORT TO SUPPORT THEIR RIGHT TO DO SO "ESIDES ADMINISTERING THE ELECTIONS THE /3#% -ISSION S $EMOCRATIZATION $EPARTMENT SOUGHT TO IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONING OF INSTITU TIONS OF GOVERNANCE 7E TRAINED THOUSANDS OF FEMALE CANDIDATES AND CONTINUED TO OFFER TRAINING TO THOSE WHO WERE ELECTED 4HE PRESS CONFERENCE WE ORGANIZED DURING THE 3TABILITY 0ACT 3UMMIT OF *ULY FEATURING WOMEN FROM ALL OVER SOUTH EASTERN %UROPE WAS A HIGH POINT IN THE EFFORT TO PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY IN THE REGION 4HE /3#% PROGRAMME OF WORK WITH MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS ON FINANCING ISSUES MADE A GENUINE DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF

*ANUARY

TRANSPARENCY AND INTER ETHNIC CO OPERATION 4RAINING AND SUPPORT FOR ENTITY AND NATIONAL PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLIES RESULTED IN PROGRESS FOR EXAMPLE IN ESTABLISHING THE PRINCIPLE OF CIVILIAN CONTROL OF THE MILITARY ! KEY INNOVATION DURING MY TIME IN 3ARAJEVO WAS THE FOUNDING OF THE !SSOCIATION OF %LECTION /FFICIALS OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA WHICH SETS PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS FOR ELECTION ADMINISTRATORS AND PROVIDES TRAINING TO THOSE ON THE FRONTLINES OF ELECTIONS MEMBERS OF POLLING STATION COMMITTEES ELECTION REGISTRARS AND THE LIKE 4ODAY THIS NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY -

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,OOKING BACK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF

IT IS CLEAR THAT THE COUNTRY HAS MADE SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS 4HE LOCAL ELECTIONS ON /CTOBER WERE THE FIRST TO BE ORGAN IZED AND FUNDED BY "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA AND ITS CITIZENS 4HE REPORT OF THE /3#% /$)(2 %LECTION /BSERVATION -ISSION INDI CATED THAT THE ELECTION MET INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND THAT THE FIRST DIRECT ELECTIONS OF MAYORS WORKED WELL .EVERTHELESS THE PROCESS OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC REFORM HAS BEEN DISAPPOINT ING -ANY LEADERS OF NATIONALIST PARTIES CONTINUE TO WORK BEHIND THE SCENES FOR A FUTURE OUTSIDE THE FRAMEWORK OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA $ESPITE MANY CALLS TO BOARD THE TRAIN FOR "RUSSELS THESE SAME LEADERS REFUSE TO PART WITH THE BAGGAGE THEY CAN NOT BRING ON THE TRAIN -OST POLITICAL PARTY LEADERS RESIST STEPS TO PROMOTE INTRA PARTY DEMOCRACY 4HE LACK OF POLITICAL REFORM CON TINUES TO STAND IN THE WAY OF FOREIGN INVEST MENT AND JOB CREATION )N 7ASHINGTON $ # IN .OVEMBER ; =

THE THREE MEMBERS OF THE 0RESIDENCY OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA AGREED TO A 5 3 PROPOSAL THAT THEY NEGOTIATE AMENDMENTS TO THE $AYTON #ONSTITUTION BY -ARCH 4HE GOAL IS A SIMPLIFIED AFFORDABLE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT THAT WOULD PROMOTE ACCES SION TO THE %5 4O ACHIEVE THIS GOAL ALL THREE ETHNIC GROUPS WILL HAVE TO PUT ASIDE SOME OF THE BAGGAGE THEY HAVE BEEN ENCUMBERED WITH FOR THE PAST DECADE MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO GET ON THE TRAIN TO "RUSSELS L>ÃÃ>` ÀÊ, LiÀÌÊ °Ê >ÀÀÞÊÜ>ÃÊ i>`Ê vÊÌ iÊ "- Ê Ãà ÊÌ Ê Ã >Ê> `Ê iÀâi} Û >ÊvÀ Ê > Õ>ÀÞÊ£ nÊÌ Ê Õ iÊÓää£°Ê iÊV à `iÀÃÊÌ iÊ «>ÃÌÊÌ ÀiiÊ`iV>`iÃÊ>ʺ«iÀà > ÊÛ Þ>}iÊÜ Ì Ê Ì iÊ - É"- »°Ê- ViÊ i>Û }Ê->À> iÛ ]Ê iÊ >ÃÊi Ì iÀÊ i>`i`Ê ÀÊÌ> i Ê«>ÀÌÊ Ê>Ê Õ LiÀÊ vÊ "- É" ,Êi iVÌ Ê LÃiÀÛ>Ì Ê ÀÊÃÕ«« ÀÌÊ Ãà ð

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!LIÝIŗI VILLAGE $ECEMBER 2ETURNEE !LMIR -ERDäIŗ BEAMING IN FRONT OF HIS RECONSTRUCTED HOUSE

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UTSIDE "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA ) DOUBT IF THE NAME 0RIJEDOR RINGS A BELL 3O EIGHT YEARS AGO WHEN MY FAMILY AND FRIENDS WOULD ASK ME WHERE EXACTLY IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA ) HAD BEEN ASSIGNED TO ) WOULD DRAW ATTENTION TO IMAGES THAT WERE BEAMED AROUND THE WORLD IN THE EARLY S OF MASSES OF EMACIATED PRISONERS HUDDLED TOGETHER STARING BLANKLY BEHIND BARBED WIRES !ND INEVITABLY THEY WOULD REMEMBER 4HE DISCOVERY OF SEVERAL MASS GRAVES IN THE AREA HAS SINCE CONFIRMED THAT 0RIJEDOR

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RANKS NEXT TO 3REBRENICA AT THE TOP OF THE LIST OF SITES WHERE THE MOST HEINOUS CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY WERE COMMITTED DUR ING THE WAR 3O FAR INDICTMENTS ISSUED BY THE )NTERNATIONAL #RIMINAL 4RIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER 9UGOSLAVIA HAVE INCLUDED INDI VIDUALS FROM 0RIJEDOR -Y ARRIVAL IN 0RIJEDOR IN .OVEMBER COINCIDED WITH $AYTON S TWO YEAR ANNIVER SARY 4HE FIRST ARRESTS OF WAR CRIME SUSPECTS BY 3&/2 TROOPS HAD OCCURRED A FEW MONTHS EARLIER WHEN 3&/2 UNITS ARRESTED -ILAN h-IʄOv +OVAʅEVIʄ AND KILLED 3IMO $RLJAʅA WHEN HE ALLEGEDLY TRIED TO RESIST !PART FROM THAT HOWEVER THE SITUATION HAD CHANGED LITTLE WITH 0RIJEDOR STILL LABELLED AS A hBLACK HOLEv /N ONE SIDE THERE WERE THE 3ERBS GRAP PLING WITH A COMPLEX PAST AND DISMISSIVE OF EVERY ALLEGATION OF WAR CRIME 4O MAKE MATTERS WORSE THOUSANDS OF 3ERB REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS FROM OTHER PARTS OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA HAD BEEN RELOCATED TO HOUSES THAT HAD BEEN ABANDONED IN HASTE /N THE OPPOSITE SIDE THERE WERE THE TENS OF THOUSANDS OF "OSNIACS WHO DESPITE THE TRAUMA ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR PREVIOUS HOMES WERE DETERMINED NOT TO WAVER IN THEIR RESOLUTION TO RETURN WHERE THEY BELONGED )N THE MIDDLE THERE WAS THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WHOSE MANTRA STARTING IN

*ANUARY

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WAS h4HIS IS THE YEAR OF RETURNS v !S A NEWLY ARRIVED /3#% HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICER ) WAS NOT QUITE SURE WHAT THIS MEANT 2ETURN WHERE 4O WHICH HOUSES !

MORE ACCURATE DESCRIPTION WAS REMAINS OF BLOWN UP HOUSES ELOQUENT REMINDERS THAT THEY WERE NOT MEANT TO BE RETURNED TO *UST A YEAR EARLIER SOME PARTIALLY DESTROYED HOUSES HAD BEEN TURNED INTO RUBBLE BY ANTI RETURN THUGS AFTER THE 5NITED .ATIONS (IGH #OMMISSIONER FOR 2EFUGEES ANNOUNCED THAT THEIR FORMER OCCUPANTS WERE PLANNING A MUCH ANTICIPATED FIRST VISIT SINCE THEY FLED "UT THE TIDE WAS ABOUT TO TURN 4HE 0EACE )MPLEMENTATION #OUNCIL HAD DECIDED THAT THE TIME HAD NOW COME FOR DISPLACED PER SONS AND REFUGEES TO COME HOME AT LAST OR AT LEAST THAT IT WAS TIME TO EMBARK ON THE LONG ROAD AHEAD 4HE MESSAGE TRICKLED DOWN QUICKLY TO THE PEOPLE ON THE GROUND TO FIELD OFFICERS LIKE MYSELF AND OTHER NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSONNEL WHO WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS )N 0RIJEDOR THIS MEANT ENFORCING DOMES TIC OFFICIALS COMPLIANCE WITH THE COM MITMENTS SIGNED UP TO BY THE COUNTRY S LEADERS AT $AYTON AND ENSURING THAT THEY APPROVED A MUNICIPAL RETURNS PLAN 4HE 0EACE )MPLEMENTATION #OUNCIL IN

HAD REQUIRED EVERY MUNICIPALITY IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA TO DESIGNATE SPECIFIC AREAS TO WHICH THE FIRST GROUPS OF PEOPLE COULD RETURN 2ESETTLEMENT WAS DISCOURAGED ) STILL REMEMBER THE FEAR AND MUTUAL SUSPICION PREVAILING AMONG THE COMMUNITIES AND WITH IN THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AT THAT TIME &ROM AMONG THE COUNTLESS NUMBER OF WAR RAVAGED HAMLETS IN THE MUNICIPALITY

!LIÝIʄI WAS DEEMED A GOOD A PLACE TO START CARRYING OUT THE PLAN )T WAS CLOSE TO THE TOWN CENTRE AND TO A MAJOR ROAD JUNCTION

WAS ALMOST HALF WAY BETWEEN THE MUNICI PALITIES OF 0RIJEDOR AND 3ANSKI AND WAS NOT FAR FROM THE )NTER %NTITY "OUNDARY ,INE !S SOON AS IT WAS DECIDED THAT !LIÝIʄI WAS IT NO TIME WAS WASTED 4HE FIRST BENEFICIAR IES NO DOUBT THE BRAVEST AND MOST HOPE FUL AMONG THE EXPELLED WERE IDENTIFIED BY THE ,UTHERAN 7ORLD &EDERATION AN INTERNA TIONAL NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION THAT WAS ALSO TO CARRY OUT RECONSTRUCTION WORK THROUGHOUT THE SPRING AND SUMMER "Y THE BEGINNING OF /CTOBER THE FIRST RETURNING FAMILIES WERE READY TO SPEND THE FIRST NIGHT IN THEIR HOMES 4HE CELEBRA TORY MOOD OF THE VILLAGERS MOST OF THEM WITH THE LAST NAME h!LIÝIʄv OF COURSE THE "OSNIAC $EPUTY -AYOR OF 0RIJEDOR AND THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WORKERS PORTEND ED EVEN BETTER THINGS TO COME

)T WAS A PRIVILEGE FOR US TO BE PART OF THEIR HOMECOMING )N ONE OF THE NEWLY REBUILT HOUSES WE TOASTED OUR RAKIJA TO THE FAMI LIES WHO SIX YEARS AFTER BEING FORCED TO FLEE FROM THEIR OWN HOMES DARED TO RETURN TO ONE OF THE MOST NOTORIOUSLY DANGEROUS SPOTS IN THE COUNTRY "ENEATH THIS GIDDINESS HOWEVER WE FOUND IT HARD TO DISGUISE OUR ANXIETY AND CONCERN ABOUT THE VERY REAL THREAT OF ATTACKS ON THE RETURNEES !N /3#% COLLEAGUE SUG GESTED THAT WE SPEND THE NIGHT WITH THE FAMILIES 0ERHAPS OUR /3#% MARKED VEHICLES COULD SERVE AS A DETERRENT 2EASON PREVAILED

HOWEVER AND WE DECIDED THAT THE PRESENCE OF 3&/2 TROOPS PATROLLING THE AREA WOULD BE PRECAUTION ENOUGH 4HAT WAS THE BEGINNING OF ONE OF THE MAJOR RETURN MOVEMENTS IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA AFTER THE WAR &ORTUNATELY THE WIDESPREAD FEAR THAT VIOLENCE WOULD ERUPT PROVED WRONG )T BECAME CLEAR THAT 3ERBS IN 0RIJEDOR WOULD TACITLY ACCEPT THE RETURNS AS SOMETHING THAT SIMPLY HAD TO HAPPEN SLOW LY THEY TOO STARTED TO COME TO TERMS WITH THEIR WAR TIME PAST 4ODAY MORE THAN "OSNIACS ARE BELIEVED TO HAVE MOVED BACK INTO THEIR REBUILT HOMES IN 0RIJEDOR !ND IT ALL STARTED THAT MEMORABLE NIGHT IN AN OTHERWISE OBSCURE HAMLET CALLED !LIÝIʄI

!LIÝIŗI 0RIJEDOR $ECEMBER 4HE ROAD TO RECOVERY

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#RNI ,UG NEAR "OSANSKO 'RAHOVO IN NORTHWEST "I( 4HIS 3ERB RETURNEE HAS BEEN ABLE TO MOVE BACK INTO HIS NEWLY RESTORED HOME

!GAINST ALL ODDS /3#% FIELD STAFF SUCCEED IN BOOSTING RESPECT FOR PROPERTY RIGHTS "Y %LMIRA "AYRASLÕ 4HE $AYTON !GREEMENT WAS UNEQUIVOCAL h!LL REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS HAVE THE RIGHT FREELY TO RETURN TO THEIR HOMES OF ORIGIN v READS !RTICLE OF THE !GREEMENT S !NNEX h4HEY SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT TO HAVE RESTORED TO THEM PROPERTY OF WHICH THEY WERE DEPRIVED IN THE COURSE OF HOSTILITIES SINCE AND TO BE COMPENSATED FOR ANY PROPERTY THAT CANNOT BE RESTORED TO THEM v $URING THE FIRST THREE YEARS AFTER $AYTON HOWEVER THE RIGHT TO RETURN WAS CONSPICUOUSLY ABSENT FROM LOCAL LEGISLA TION !UTHORITIES CONTINUED TO APPLY A COMPLEX ARRAY OF LAWS THAT SERVED TO HINDER RETURNS AND TO REINFORCE SEGREGATION AND hETHNIC CLEANSINGv TO USE A TERM THAT SEEPED INTO THE WORLD S CONSCIOUSNESS DURING THE "ALKAN WARS 7ITH THE LARGEST FIELD PRESENCE IN THE COUNTRY THE /3#% FOUND ITSELF AT THE FOREFRONT OF ENFORCING PROPERTY LAWS &IELD STAFF RESPONDED TO CITIZENS COMPLAINTS PROMPTLY AND PURSUED CASES RELENTLESSLY 4HE SAFE AND SECURE ENVIRONMENT OF /3#% CENTRES AND OFFICES BOOSTED CITIZENS CONFIDENCE IN THE CLAIMS PROCESS -OST PROPERTY IN THE FORMER 9UGOSLAVIA BELONGED EITHER TO THE 3TATE OR TO 3TATE OWNED COMPANIES 5P TO PER CENT OF HOUSING IN THE MAJOR CITIES OF "I( FELL WITHIN THIS CATEGORY %MPLOYERS ALLOCATED APARTMENTS AMONG EMPLOYEES AND THEIR FAMILIES GRANTING THEM PERMANENT hOCCUPANCY RIGHTSv WHICH MEANT LESS THAN FULL OWNERSHIP /CCUPANCY RIGHTS COULD NEI THER BE BOUGHT NOR SOLD BUT COULD BE INHERITED BY HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS )F OCCUPANTS WERE ABSENT FROM THEIR APARTMENT FOR MORE THAN SIX MONTHS THEIR RIGHT TO LIVE IN IT COULD BE REVOKED

/3#% -AGAZINE

4HIS WAS THE FATE OF THOUSANDS OF FAMILIES THAT HAD TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES DURING THE CONFLICT 4HEIR APARTMENTS WERE OFTEN REALLOCATED AMONG THE INFLOW OF REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PER SONS 3OMETIMES THE NEW OCCUPANTS WERE GRANTED hTEMPORARY PERMITSv AND SOMETIMES THEY SIMPLY MOVED IN ILLEGALLY /FTEN CONSIDERED hSPOILS OF WARv ABANDONED DWELLINGS WERE ALSO DOLED OUT TO SOLDIERS POLICE OFFICERS AND OTHER HIGH RANKING OFFICIALS IN THE COMMUNITY 4HE CAMPAIGN TO REFORM THE COUNTRY S PROPERTY RIGHTS LEG ISLATION TURNED OUT TO BE THE LONGEST AND MOST CONTENTIOUS EVER CONDUCTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY )N

LAWS CONCERNING ABANDONED PROPERTIES WERE REPEALED THROUGH THE EFFORTS OF THE /FFICE OF THE (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE /(2 WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE /3#% -ISSION TO "I( AND THE 5NITED .ATIONS (IGH #OMMISSIONER FOR 2EFUGEES 5.(#2 .EW LAWS WERE DRAWN UP SETTING INTO MOTION AN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE TO PROCESS CLAIMS FILED BY RETURNING REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS 4HE NEW LAWS ENCOUNTERED A HUGE WAVE OF RESISTANCE !UTHORITIES IN BOTH "I( ENTITIES CIRCUMVENTED IMPLEMENTATION

BY RIGGING PROPERTY LEGISLATION WITH ANOMALIES AND LOOPHOLES 4HE NEW OCCUPANCY RIGHTS HELD BY MEMBERS OF THE MAJOR ITY GROUP WERE PROTECTED AGAINST CLAIMS FOR REPOSSESSION !UTHORITIES MADE THE PROCESS AS DIFFICULT AS POSSIBLE BY REFUS ING TO RECOGNIZE THE VALIDITY OF DOCUMENTS OR BY DEMANDING EVIDENCE THAT CLAIMANTS SIMPLY HAD NO ACCESS TO OR BY USING SHEER INTIMIDATION 4HE ROLE OF THE /3#% -ISSION TO "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA IN HELPING RETURNEES TO SURMOUNT THESE HURDLES WAS TO PROVE CRUCIAL 3TRONG INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE AND VIGILANCE ALSO ENSURED THE PROPER IMPLEMENTATION OF !NNEX -ONITORING BY /3#% STAFF ENSURED THAT ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES ADHERED TO PROPER AND TRANSPARENT PROCEDURES 7HENEVER AN OBSTRUCTION TOOK PLACE THE /3#% NOTIFIED ITS OTHER INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS ESPECIALLY THE /(2 WHOSE h"ONN POWERSv LED TO THE DISMISSAL OF MORE THAN UN CO OPERATIVE MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS INCLUDING SOME MAYORS !S DREW TO A CLOSE SOME PER CENT OF CASES FILED HAD RESULTED IN THE RESTORATION OF PRE WAR PROPERTY A REMARKABLE ACHIEVEMENT BY THE STANDARDS OF ANY POST CON FLICT SOCIETY (AD IT NOT BEEN FOR THE CONCERTED EFFORTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IT IS UNLIKELY THAT THE INJUSTICES OF WAR WOULD HAVE BEEN REDRESSED ! NEW LEGAL ORDER WOULD HAVE BEEN BUILT ON THE POST WAR STATUS QUO AND PROPERTY DISPUTES WOULD HAVE REMAINED A SOURCE OF CONFLICT INDEFI NITELY 4ODAY THE RIGHT TO RECOVER hLOSTv PROPERTY IS WIDELY RECOG NIZED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY .OWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD HAS THIS RIGHT BEEN APPLIED SO EFFECTIVELY %LMIRA "AYRASLÕ WAS THE 3POKESPERSON OF THE /3#% -ISSION TO "I( FROM .OVEMBER TO $ECEMBER 4HIS ARTI CLE IS PARTLY BASED ON A DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE /(2 THE 5.(#2 AND THE /3#% ON THE 0ROPERTY ,AW )MPLEMENTATION 0LAN 0,)0 DESIGNED TO ENSURE THAT PROPERTY RIGHTS ARE RECOGNIZED AND ENFORCEABLE REGARDLESS OF POLITICAL CON SIDERATIONS 4HE 0LAN REPRESENTS THE MOST COMPLEX LEGAL COMPONENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF !NNEX

*ANUARY

, >Ê Ê Ã >Ê> `Ê iÀâi} Û > i>À }Ê ÜÊÌ Ê LLÞÊÀiÃÕ ÌÃÊ ÊÀiÌÕÀ à }ÊÜ Ì Ê Ì iÀÊiÌ VÊ}À Õ«Ã]ÊÌ iÊ, >ÊV Õ ÌÞÊ Ê Ã >Ê > `Ê iÀâi} Û >ÊÃÕvviÀi`ÊvÀ Ê >Ãà ÛiÊ` ë >Vi i ÌÊ>ÃÊ>ÊÀiÃÕ ÌÊ vÊ Ì iÊ£ £ £ xÊÜ>À°Ê ÜiÛiÀ]ÊÀiV > }ÊÌ i ÀÊv À iÀÊ`Üi }ÃÊ >ÃÊ «À Ûi`Êv>ÀÊ ÀiÊV « iÝÊÌ > Êv ÀÊ> ÞÊ Ì iÀÊV Õ ÌÞ°Ê/ ÃÊ >À` ÞÊ V iÃÊ>ÃÊ>ÊÃÕÀ«À Ãi]Ê>ÃÊ > ÞÊ, >Êv> iÃÊ >ÛiÊÌÀ>` Ì > ÞÊ Ûi`Ê Êº v À > ÊÃiÌÌ i i ÌûÊpÊ Ê iÃÊÌ >ÌÊ >ÛiÊLii ÊLÕ ÌÊÜ Ì ÕÌÊ > ÞÊV ÃÌÀÕVÌ Ê«iÀ ÌÃ]Ê> `Ê Ê > `ÊÌ >ÌÊ >ÃÊLii Ê VVÕ« i`Ê Ü Ì ÕÌÊ> ÞÊ i}> ÊÌ Ì iÃ°Ê 9Ê Ê ,," / 6 Ê

h4

4HE 2OMA SETTLEMENT IN 'ORICA LEFT STANDS IN SHARP CONTRAST TO OTHERS IN THE COUNTRY SUCH AS ONE NEAR "ANJA ,UKA RIGHT 0HOTOS /3#% -ISSION TO "I( (ÏLÒNE (ARROFF 4AVEL

*ANUARY

HE WAR VIRTUALLY WIPED OUT 2OMA SETTLEMENTS GIVING NON 2OMA FREE REIN TO TAKE THEM OVER v SAYS $ERVO 3EJDIʄ THE /3#% -ISSION S 2OMA -ONITOR WHO ALSO SERVES AS #O ORDINATOR OF THE #OUNCIL OF 2OMA AN ADVOCACY TOOL THAT HE SET UP AT THE 3TATE LEVEL h#OMPANIES BUILT WAREHOUSES IN THEIR PLACE 3OMETIMES THE SITES WERE DESIGNATED AS SPECIALLY PROTECTED WATER SUPPLY AREAS AS MUNICIPAL LANDS OR AS BUFFER ZONES v 4HE /3#% -ISSION HAS BEEN WORKING WITH 2OMA ACTIVISTS TO HELP CLARIFY AND IMPROVE THE COMMUNITY S ARRANGEMENTS CONCERNING RESIDENTIAL AND LAND USE h/UR ROLE IS TO SERVE AS POLITICAL COUNSEL LORS ASSISTING 2OMA IN THEIR EFFORTS TO ADVO CATE AND ARTICULATE THEIR OWN INTERESTS VIS Ì VIS OTHER PARTIES SO THAT FAMILIES ARE ABLE TO OBTAIN THE RIGHTS TO FULL OWNERSHIP OF THE HOMES AND PROPERTY THEY ARE OCCUPYING v 4ODAY MORE THAN PER CENT OF "OSNIAN

2OMA ARE HOMELESS A SEVERE SETBACK FOR AN ALREADY GREATLY MARGINALIZED COMMUNITY )N A STUDY IN LATE FOCUSING ON LEGAL ISSUES THE /3#% -ISSION FOUND THAT IN A SAMPLING OF INFORMAL 2OMA SETTLEMENTS OUT OF AN ESTIMATED TOTAL OF STOOD ON PUBLIC LAND AND ON PRIVATE LAND -OST OF THE FAMILIES DID NOT HAVE ANY SECURITY OF TENURE MAKING THEIR RESIDENTS SOME

IN TOTAL VULNERABLE TO EVICTION 4HE SUCCESS STORY BEHIND 'ORICA A HILLY URBAN SETTLEMENT IN THE HEART OF 3ARAJEVO

APTLY ILLUSTRATES THE UNIQUE CHALLENGES CON FRONTING 2OMA AS THEY STRIVE TO BRING A SEMBLANCE OF STABILITY INTO THEIR PRECARIOUS SOCIO ECONOMIC STANDING !S 2OMA STARTED THE SLOW TREK BACK HOME

THEY FOUND THEMSELVES HARD PRESSED TO PROVE WHERE THEY HAD ONCE LIVED DESPITE THE FACT THAT THEIR DWELLINGS HAD OBVIOUSLY BEEN DESTROYED DURING THE SIEGE OF THE CITY h%STABLISHING A PERMANENT SETTLEMENT IN 'ORICA BECAME A MATTER OF SURVIVAL v SAYS 2AMIZ 3EJDIʄ 0RESIDENT OF h2OMA 0ROSPERITYv THE NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANI ZATION THAT IS LEADING THE PROJECT h$ONORS WERE OFFERING TO HELP US REBUILD BUT DIS PUTES OVER OWNERSHIP AROSE 4HE LAND WAS PARTLY OWNED BY A 3TATE ENTERPRISE AND PARTLY BY THE MUNICIPALITY 3ORTING OUT OUR DILEMMA WAS TAKING ENORMOUS TIME AND EFFORT AS WE HAD NO PAPER TRAIL TO SPEAK OF v 'ORICA RESIDENTS KNEW THEY HAD TO ACT

/3#% -AGAZINE

-- " Ê/"Ê É Ê ,," / 6

.'/ LEADER 2AMIZ 3EJDIŗ HAS BEEN LEADING EFFORTS TO REBUILD 'ORICA

DRASTICALLY 4HEY HAD BEEN PETITIONING LOCAL AUTHORITIES FOR THIS LAND FOR MORE THAN YEARS AND NOW THE DESTRUCTION OF THEIR HOMES HAD RAISED THE STAKES CONSIDERABLY 4HEY MOBILIZED SEVERAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDING THE /3#% TO HELP SETTLE THEIR HOUSING STATUS ONCE AND FOR ALL 4HE /3#% -ISSION FOCUSED ON TEACHING COM MUNITY LEADERS HOW TO PRESENT THEIR CASE TO THE AUTHORITIES IN 3ARAJEVO ! SERIES OF WORK SHOPS WAS ORGANIZED TO TEACH 2OMA HOW TO WRITE LETTERS PETITIONING FOR THE RECOGNITION OF THEIR PROPERTY RIGHTS ,EARNING THE ART AND SKILL OF ADVOCACY AS PART OF AN INTENSE LOBBYING CAMPAIGN HAS PAID OFF 7ITH FINANCIAL BACKING FROM THE .ETHERLANDS 'OVERNMENT 2OMA HAVE SINCE BEEN ABLE TO BUILD A PERMANENT SETTLEMENT TO REPLACE THEIR PRE WAR HOMES ! NEAT ROW OF PRISTINE WHITE HOUSES ARE NOW HOME TO FAMILIES WITH SOME MEMBERS 2AMIZ 3EJDIʄ HAS JUST MOVED INTO ONE OF THE NEW UNITS WITH HIS WIFE AND SIX CHIL DREN h7E USED TO LIVE IN MAKESHIFT QUARTERS HERE IN 'ORICA v HE SAYS LOOKING BACK AT THE TUMULTUOUS PAST h4HEN JUST BEFORE THE WAR BROKE OUT ) HAD TO GO TO 'ERMANY WITH MY DAUGHTER TO SEEK MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR HER ,ITTLE DID ) KNOW THAT MY WHOLE FAMILY WOULD SOON JOIN ME THERE AS REFUGEES v

&IVE YEARS AFTER THE WAR THE 3EJDIʄ FAMILY DECIDED TO RETURN h) KNEW THAT OUR HOME WAS IN RUINS BUT SOMEHOW ) FELT ) JUST HAD TO TAKE PART IN REBUILDING THE COUNTRY v -R 3EJDIʄ SAYS h7E FOUND REFUGE IN AN ABAN DONED AND PARTIALLY DESTROYED HOUSE BEFORE WE FINALLY MOVED INTO THIS NEW PLACE v !LTHOUGH THE REBUILDING OF THE 'ORICA SETTLEMENT HAS DRAMATICALLY IMPROVED THE LIVES OF 2OMA IN THE CAPITAL THE QUEST FOR DURABLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF SECURING LEGAL TENURE FOR THOSE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IS BY NO MEANS OVER )N -OSTAR

FOR EXAMPLE IT IS NOT UNCOMMON FOR 2OMA TO SLEEP IN THE STREETS OR IN ABANDONED AND WAR TORN BUILDINGS PENDING A DECISION ON THEIR RIGHT TO RETURN TO THEIR PRE WAR HOMES 5SEFUL LESSONS CAN BE DRAWN FROM 'ORICA

SAYS 2OMA -ONITOR $ERVO 3EJDIʄ h&IRSTLY ALTHOUGH THE EXPERTISE OF THE /3#% AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS CRUCIAL IN NAVIGATING POLITICAL AND LEGAL PROC ESSES 2OMA THEMSELVES ARE THE ONLY PEOPLE WHO CAN PROVIDE THE MAJOR IMPETUS TO CLARI FYING THE LEGAL AMBIGUITIES SURROUNDING THEIR LIVING CONDITIONS h3ECONDLY 2OMA SHOULD BE MADE AWARE THAT THE ROAD TO LEGITIMATE HOUSING CALLS NOT ONLY FOR LONG TERM COMMITMENT BUT ALSO FOR COURAGE PERSISTENCE AND VISION h4HIRDLY AND NO LESS IMPORTANTLY MAK ING THE TRANSITION FROM UNCERTAIN TO SECURE HOUSING IS POSSIBLE ONLY IF LOCAL AUTHORITIES

2OMA COMMUNITIES AND CIVIL SOCIETY WORK TOGETHER IN A SPIRIT OF MUTUAL CONFIDENCE AND CO OPERATION v

j m iÊ >ÀÀ vv />Ûi Ê ÃÊ > Ê ÌiÀ ÊÜ Ì ÊÌ iÊ*ÀiÃÃÊ > `Ê*ÕL VÊ v À >Ì Ê

i«>ÀÌ i ÌÊ vÊÌ iÊ "- Ê ÃÃ ÊÌ Ê °

-- " Ê/"Ê É Ê ,," / 6

2OMA DEMOGRAPHICS

4WO YOUNG 2OMA GIRLS POSE FOR A PICTURE WITH 2ICHARD -EDIŗ /3#% SPOKESPERSON IN -OSTAR

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s ! "I( WIDE SURVEY BY THE /3#% IN FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED BY THE #OUNCIL OF %UROPE IDENTIFIED ABOUT INFORMAL 2OMA SETTLEMENTS IN MORE THAN MUNICIPALITIES 4HE COMMUNITY IN 3ARAJEVO IS ESTIMATED AT ABOUT

s 4HE /3#% (IGH #OMMISSIONER ON .ATIONAL -INORITIES AND THE #OUNCIL OF %UROPE ESTIMATE THE COUNTRY S TOTAL 2OMA POPULATION TO BE BETWEEN

AND

BUT SOME .'/S PUT IT BETWEEN AND

*ANUARY

i VÀ>VÞÊvÀ ÊÌ iÊÊ }À Õ `ÊÕ«Ê Ê "ÊVi ÌÀiÃÊ ii«Ê"- Ê i}>VÞÊ> Ûi 9Ê "- Ê *",/

"

"OSANSKA +RUPA SUMMER 3TUDENT VOLUNTEERS FROM $EMOCRACY #ENTRES ALL ACROSS "I( REPAIR A SMALL BRIDGE NEAR "IHAŗ 0HOTO "IHAŗ $EMOCRACY #ENTRE 3AMIR (ALILOVIŗ

*ANUARY

ACK IN THE /3#% -ISSION TO "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA HIT UPON AN UNTRIED AND UNTESTED IDEA CREATING SPECIAL SPACES IN NEGLECTED AND POLITICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS AROUND THE COUNTRY DESIGNED TO OFFER CITIZENS A WIDE RANGE OF HARD TO OBTAIN PUBLICATIONS AT THEIR FINGERTIPS &ROM THESE HUMBLE BEGINNINGS THE h2EADING 2OOMSv PROJECT OF THE -ISSION S NASCENT $EMOCRATIZATION $EPARTMENT EVEN TUALLY BLOSSOMED INTO .OVE .ADE h.EW (OPEv A NATIONWIDE NETWORK OF UP TO NINE NON PROFIT $EMOCRACY #ENTRES THAT AIM TO FOSTER THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY THROUGH LOCAL INITIATIVES .EARLY NINE YEARS LATER AFTER BEING WEANED OFF /3#% FUNDING IN MANY OF THE $EMOCRACY #ENTRES ARE SURVIVING AND INDEED THRIVING AND CONTINUE TO BE A PIVOTAL PART OF GRASSROOTS EFFORTS TO INJECT TRANSPARENCY AND OPENNESS INTO THE POLITI CAL PROCESS -OST SIGNIFICANTLY THE #ENTRES REMAIN TRUE TO THE /3#% -ISSION S ORIGINAL INTENT TO INTEGRATE THE CITIZENRY INTO THE DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESS )N 6IÝEGRAD WHICH SHARES ITS EASTERN BORDER WITH 3ERBIA AND -ONTENEGRO -ILA 'RAʅANIN HAS REASON TO BE PROUD OF THE SELF SUFFICIENT $EMOCRACY #ENTRE THAT SHE HEADS h!ND TO THINK ) WAS CLUELESS ABOUT .'/S WHEN ) FIRST APPLIED TO WORK IN THE TOWN S

NEWLY OPENED 2EADING 2OOM v SHE SAYS )T DID NOT TAKE LONG FOR -S 'RAʅANIN

ONE OF THOUSANDS OF DISPLACED 3ARAJEVO RESIDENTS TO FULLY GRASP THE VITAL ROLE CIVIL SOCIETY CAN PLAY IN HER COUNTRY S TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY 3HE THREW ALL HER ENERGY INTO THE PROJECT WEATHERING SOME EARLY STORMS h$URING THE POST WAR YEARS MOST PEOPLE DID NOT PLACE MUCH TRUST IN THE @NOT FOR PROFIT SECTOR ASSOCIATING IT WITH CORRUP TION v SHE SAYS REFERRING TO THE UNFORTUNATE CASES OF BOGUS .'/S THAT RAN AWAY WITH GRANT MONEY h7E HAD TO ENDURE A LOT OF NAME CALLING v "ORO .INKOVIʄ 3ECRETARY OF THE 6IÝEGRAD -UNICIPAL !SSEMBLY SAYS THAT IT WAS .OVE .ADE THAT TURNED THIS NEGATIVE IMAGE AROUND -EANWHILE AT THE OPPOSITE END OF THE COUNTRY AS THE 6IÝEGRAD 2EADING 2OOM WAS TAKING OFF 3AMIR (ALILOVIʄ WAS ALSO BUSY GETTING ANOTHER 2EADING 2OOM UP AND RUN NING IN THE NORTHWESTERN TOWN OF "IHAʄ .OW $IRECTOR OF THE "IHAʄ $EMOCRACY #ENTRE -R (ALILOVIʄ LOOKS BACK ON THE HEADY ERA OF hINFORMATION DE BLOCKADEv

WHEN NEWSPAPERS FIRST STARTED APPEARING ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY -ERSIHA ɂAUÝEVIʄ THE /3#% -ISSION S $EPUTY 3POKESPERSON WAS A 0RESS /FFICER IN "IHAʄ IN THOSE EARLY YEARS h4HE $EMOCRACY #ENTRE WAS IMMEDIATELY EMBRACED BY THE PEOPLE 4HEY CONSIDERED IT

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* "/"-\Ê6 - , Ê " , 9Ê /,

-ILA 'RACANIN RIGHT IS PROUD THAT 6IÝEGRAD S $EMOCRACY #ENTRE

WHICH SHE RUNS IS SELF SUFFICIENT

Ã Ê >* ÀÌiÊ ÃÊ>ÊÊ -i ÀÊ*ÕL VÊ v À >Ì Ê"vv ViÀÊ Ê Ì iÊ Ãà ÊÌ Ê °

/3#% -AGAZINE

AN EXTENSION OF THE /3#% FIELD OFFICE ITSELF

WHICH MADE IT HIGHLY CREDIBLE IN THEIR EYES v "Y SPRING THE -ISSION DECIDED IT WAS TIME TO WITHDRAW ITS SUPPORT FROM THE #ENTRES NUDGING THEM TOWARDS INDEPEND ENCE BUT ONLY AFTER IT HAD PRESENTED THEM WITH FURNITURE AND COMPUTERS AND HAD GATHERED THE #ENTRES DIRECTORS IN 3ARAJEVO FOR TRAINING ON FUND RAISING MARKETING AND OTHER SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES -S 'RAʅANIN RECALLS THIS TIME POIGNANT LY AND THE PANIC THAT CAME WITH IT h) DIDN T THINK ) COULD COME UP WITH ANY SOLUTIONS THAT WOULD MAKE THE 6IÝEGRAD #ENTRE RUN ITSELF v SHE SAYS h) DIDN T THINK ) HAD THE NECESSARY SURVIVAL SKILLS BUT THE MEETINGS IN 3ARAJEVO GAVE ALL OF US THE CONFIDENCE AT LEAST TO TRY v 7HAT HAPPENED NEXT IS A CLASSIC TALE OF SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST 4HE #ENTRES IN ,IVNO

-RKONJIʄ 'RAD AND "IJELJINA SIMPLY CLOSED DOWN WHILE THEIR MORE ASSERTIVE COUNTER PARTS SUCH AS THOSE IN 6IÝEGRAD AND "IHAʄ VIGOROUSLY LAUNCHED JOINT FUND RAISING ACTIV ITIES SOUGHT OUT PARTNERS AND CONSORTIUMS

REACHED OUT TO POTENTIAL DONORS AND TOOK ON ACTIVE MEMBERSHIP IN THE .OVE .ADE NET WORK 4HROUGH CONNECTIONS -S 'RAʅANIN QUICKLY FORGED A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE 3WEDISH /LAF 0ALME &OUNDATION SECURING FUNDING FOR FOUR YEARS THAT ENABLED HER TO EXPAND THE #ENTRE S SERVICES )N "IHAʄ -R (ALILOVIʄ TEAMED UP WITH THE /PEN 3OCIETY )NSTITUTE AND #!2% )NTERNATIONAL ON PROGRAMMES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ISSUES LEAD ING TO THE CREATION OF THE "IHAʄ $EMOCRACY #ENTRE S OWN IN HOUSE FACILITIES FOR THE YOUTH AND FOR THE MEDIA "OTH DIRECTORS HAVE CONTINUED TO ATTRACT A SUCCESSION OF GRANTS AND PROJECTS 4HE #ENTRE IN 6IÝEGRAD HAS RECENTLY RECEIVED 53!)$ FUNDING TO BE PART OF h4ELEDOMv

A NETWORK OF )NTERNET CLUBS ACROSS THE COUNTRY WHERE USERS CAN ACCESS ONLINE INFORMATION FREE OF CHARGE &OLLOWING THE SAME DEVELOPMENTAL PATH TAKEN EARLIER BY .'/S IN #ENTRAL AND %ASTERN %UROPE THE #ENTRES ARE INCREAS INGLY TAPPING INTO PRIVATE AND COMMERCIAL SPONSORSHIPS AND INTO THEIR OWN POTENTIAL TO GENERATE INCOME )N 6IÝEGRAD COMPUTER CLASSES ARE HELD FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE $RINA 2IVER HYDROELECTRIC PLANT WHILE IN "IHAʄ %NGLISH LESSONS ARE PROVING VERY POPULAR AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC &URTHER FUNDING ALBEIT MODEST AND LARGELY SYMBOLIC COMES FROM THE MUNICIPALITIES THEMSELVES h/UR CIVIL SOCIETY SUPPORT PROGRAMME ADDS CREDIBILITY TO THE .'/ SECTOR SERVING AS A SORT OF MUNICIPAL SEAL OF APPROVAL v SAYS :DRAVKO ÈUäA SPOKESPERSON OF THE -AYOR OF 6IÝEGRAD h4HIS IS IMPORTANT IN A COUNTRY WHERE CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ARE STILL GENERALLY VIEWED WITH SUSPICION v "OTH #ENTRES MAINTAIN LINKS WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE /3#% FIELD OFFICE WORKING JOINTLY WITH THEM ON THE -ISSION S DEMOCRATIZATION PROJECTS FROM NURTURING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE TO PROMOTING FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AT THE LEVEL OF MUNICIPALITIES -ILA 'RAʅANIN AND 3AMIR (ALILOVIʄ LOOK FORWARD TO MANY MORE YEARS OF DYNAMIC PARTNERSHIP WITH LOCAL CITIZENS AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY 4HEY KNOW THAT THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THEIR $EMOCRACY #ENTRES RESTS SQUARELY ON THEIR SHOULDERS AND THAT THEY ARE THE GUARDIANS OF THE /3#% S RICH LEGACY 4O ANYONE WHO WILL LISTEN THEY NEVER TIRE OF REPEATING h)F YOU DON T FIGHT FOR YOUR RIGHTS DON T EXPECT ANYBODY ELSE TO DO IT FOR YOU v

*ANUARY

"- Ê -- " Ê/"Ê É , Ê,

/ÀiL i½ÃÊ i } L ÕÀ `Ê 7>ÌV ÊÌ> iÃÊ Ê>Ê viÊÊ vÊ ÌÃÊ Ü 4REBINJE IS KNOWN FOR ITS RICH ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS PICTURE POSTCARD SETTING 9Ê "- Ê *",/

h7

"- Ê -- " Ê/"Ê É, , Ê

HAT IF A COW IS WALKING TOWARDS THE CENTRE OF TOWN 7HO DO YOU CALL v ASKS ÈELJKO 6UKANOVIʄ $EMOCRATIZATION /FFICER AT THE /3#% -ISSION S FIELD OFFICE IN THE CITY OF 4REBINJE ON THE EXTREME SOUTHEAST CORNER OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA 4HE QUESTION IS NOT FRIVOLOUS )T CUTS TO THE HEART OF AN /3#% INITIATED PROJECT THAT HAS CAUGHT ON RAPIDLY AMONG RESI DENTS THE POLICE FORCE AND MUNICIPAL LEADERS 4HE .EIGHBOURHOOD 7ATCH 0ROGRAMME MORE DESCRIPTIVELY KNOWN IN THE "OSNIAN LANGUAGE AS h0OLICE AND ,OCAL )NSPECTIONS IN ,OCAL #OMMUNITIESv CAME ABOUT AFTER A PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY CARRIED OUT

BY A RADIO STATION IN 4REBINJE IN EARLY REVEALED THAT SAFETY AND SECU RITY ISSUES RANKED HIGH IN THE LIST OF RESIDENTS CONCERNS ! CITY OF

4REBRINJE S POLICE AT THE SERVICE OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD 4REBINJE BORDERS ON BOTH #ROATIA AND -ONTENEGRO 4HE FIELD OFFICE IMMEDIATELY SWUNG INTO ACTION AND BROUGHT ALL INTERESTED PARTIES TOGETHER AT REGULARLY SCHEDULED DISCUSSIONS h)T GAVE PEOPLE THEIR FIRST CHANCE TO SPEAK DIRECTLY WITH THEIR ELECTED OFFICIALS AND WITH THE POLICE ABOUT ISSUES RELATED TO CRIME AND QUAL ITY OF LIFE ISSUES v SAYS $UÝAN +OLAK WHO WAS THE CITY S FIRST PROJECT CO ORDINATOR .OT ALL WENT SMOOTHLY INITIALLY 4HE HANGOVER FROM COMMUNISM AND THE WAR HAD LEFT MOST CITIZENS WARY OF LAW AND ORDER AUTHORI TIES h4HE BIGGEST OBSTACLE WE FACED WAS PEOPLE S FEAR OF REPORTING ANYTHING TO THE POLICE v SAYS -R +OLAK .EITHER DID THEY HAVE HIGH EXPECTATIONS OF THEIR MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS h!ROUND HERE THE GENERAL MENTALITY WAS @$ON T TELL AND IF YOU DO NOTHING WILL HAPPEN ANYWAY v

*ANUARY

4HE /3#% S -R 6UKANOVIʄ CONFIRMS THIS VIEW h0EOPLE SIMPLY DIDN T UNDERSTAND THAT THE MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION IS SUPPOSED TO BE A SERVICE AND THAT PUBLIC SERVANTS SHOULD BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS AND FOR THEIR USE OF PUBLIC MONEY v )N THE EARLY DAYS OF THE PROGRAMME

COMPLAINTS FOCUSED ON SPEEDING DRIV ERS ILLEGALLY DUMPED GARBAGE VANDALIZED STREET LIGHTS CAR THEFT AND OF COURSE THOSE STRAY COWS 4HEN AMAZING THINGS STARTED HAPPENING AFTER THE REGULAR COMMUNITY DIALOGUE THE POLICE BEGAN RESPONDING TO COMPLAINTS AND DOING SO QUICKLY 4HIS hNOVELv CONCEPT THAT IF ONE TURNS TO THE LOCAL POLICE THEY WILL IN FACT LISTEN AND TRY TO COME TO HELP GAINED ACCEPTANCE 7ITHIN MONTHS A HOUR HOTLINE WAS HOOKED UP DIRECTLY TO THE POLICE AND TO CITY INSPECTORS FINANCED FROM THE MUNICIPALITY S COFFERS 2EQUESTS FROM THE PUBLIC SHOT UP PER CENT 4HE PROJECT IS NOW FULLY FUNDED BY THE CITY WHICH PLANS TO INCREASE THE BUDGET IN THE COMING YEARS h/NCE CITIZENS SAW RESULTS THEY BECAME LESS FEARFUL AND LESS CYNICAL v SAYS 6EDRANA ,UGONJA CURRENT CITY CO ORDINATOR OF THE PROJECT h4HE PROGRAMME BEGAN TO TAKE ON A LIFE OF ITS OWN v )NDEED THE CITY S .EIGHBOURHOOD 7ATCH RISKS BECOMING A VICTIM OF ITS OWN SUCCESS MINOR OFFENCE CASES AT THE MUNICIPAL COURT NOW HAVE A WAITING PERIOD OF UP TO THREE YEARS 4HE CITY IS ATTEMPTING TO SETTLE SOME CASES OUT OF COURT AND TO ASSIST JUDGES IN ORGANIZING THEIR CASE LOADS 0LANS ARE AFOOT TO EXPAND THE PROGRAMME AROUND THE 4REBINJE AREA MOVING NORTH WARDS TO THE SMALLER TOWNS OF "ILEʄA AND 'ACKO 7ITH THE /3#% TAKING THE LEAD CITY OFFICIALS WILL PROVIDE TRAINING TO THEIR LESS EXPERIENCED COUNTERPARTS TO HELP THEM IMPLEMENT hBEST PRACTICESv IN THEIR OWN .EIGHBOURHOOD 7ATCH PROJECTS &OR -R +OLAK THE PROJECT S MOST USE FUL LESSON IS THAT SAFETY AND SECURITY ISSUES ARE A TWO WAY STREET h#ITIZENS HAVE TO BE THE EYES AND EARS OF THE POLICE v HE SAYS h7ITHOUT THIS HELP THERE IS NO WAY POLICE OFFICERS CAN DO THEIR JOB v h)N 4REBINJE WE KNEW THAT THE PROJECT HAD BECOME SELF SUSTAINING WHEN WE SAW HOW THE CONCEPT HAD BECOME INGRAINED INTO THE LOCAL CULTURE v SAYS ÈELJKO 6UKANOVIʄ h0EOPLE HAVE LEARNED TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE POLICE AND WITH MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS AND WITH ONE ANOTHER v !S FOR THE LOCAL CATTLE POPULATION THEIR DAYS OF STROLLING INTO TOWN ARE NUMBERED

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DECADE AFTER THE BLOODLETTING OF THE EARLY NINETIES A NEW "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA HAS EMERGED 2EMARKABLY

DESPITE THE BITTER FIGHTING DURING THE WAR THE PEOPLE OF "OSNIA ARE TOGETHER BUILDING THE STRUCTURES OF A MODERN %UROPEAN 3TATE 4HE ARMIES THAT FOUGHT EACH OTHER ARE IN THE PROCESS OF BEING UNIFIED UNDER THE COMMAND OF THE 3TATE DUE IN LARGE MEASURE TO THE LEADERSHIP OF .!4/ AND THE /3#% x )N PRO VIDING A HOME STAFF AND EXPERTISE FOR THE $EFENCE 2EFORM #OMMISSION THE /3#% -ISSION S $EPARTMENT FOR 3ECURITY #O OPERATION HAS MADE A SIGNAL CONTRIBUTION TO ONE OF THE GREATEST SUCCESSES "I( HAS REGISTERED OVER THE PAST THREE YEARS 4HE POLICE FORCES THAT WERE ESTABLISHED UNDER THE 0EACE !GREEMENT HAVE STARTED A REFORM PROCESS THAT WILL REACH ITS CONCLUSION WITH THE CREATION OF ONE "I( WIDE POLICE FORCE /NE MILLION REFUGEES HAVE RETURNED TO THEIR HOMES 4HE -OSTAR BRIDGE HAS BEEN RE BUILT AND THE CITY HAS BEEN UNIFIED 4HERE IS A SINGLE TAX SYSTEM A SINGLE CUSTOMS SERVICE ONE JUDICIARY AND ONE INTELLIGENCE SERVICE IN SHORT THE OUTLINE STRUCTURE OF A MODERN %UROPEAN AND HIGHLY DECENTRALIZED 3TATE !LL THESE HAVE BEEN ACHIEVED THROUGH THE FORTITUDE AND TAL ENT OF THE PEOPLE OF "I( /N .OVEMBER ; = "I( 3TATEHOOD $AY #OMMISSIONER /LLI 2EHN OPENED NEGOTIATIONS ON "OSNIA S 3TABILIZATION AND !SSOCIATION !GREEMENT 3!! 4HIS HONOURED THE %5 S COM MITMENT TO THE PEOPLE OF THE "ALKANS MADE PUBLICLY AT 4HESSALONIKI IN *UNE THAT FULL %5 INTEGRATION IS THEIR NATURAL AND ULTIMATE DESTINY !T A TIME WHEN %5 MEMBER 3TATES ARE STARTING A GENUINE DEBATE ABOUT THE DESIRABILITY OF FURTHER ENLARGEMENT IT IS CRU CIAL THAT NO ONE SHOULD BE IN ANY DOUBT THAT %UROPE IS THE ONLY GLUE THAT BINDS THE "ALKANS TO A SINGLE PEACEFUL FUTURE !MID INTENSE PUBLIC DISCUSSION OF THE 3!! PROCESS AND AT THE SAME TIME HEIGHTENED DEBATE ABOUT THE NEED FOR CONSTITU TIONAL REFORM THIS IS AN APPROPRIATE TIME TO CONSIDER THE INTER

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-OSTAR (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE 0ADDY !SHDOWN THE LEADING CIVILIAN AUTHORITY IN "I( UNDER $AYTON ON ONE OF HIS REGULAR VISITS WITH COMMON FOLK NATIONAL COMMUNITY S CONTINUED ROLE IN "I( )T IS FAIR TO SAY THAT WITHOUT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY S COMMITMENT AND ENGAGEMENT "I( WOULD NOT HAVE COME THIS FAR SO QUICKLY )T IS ALSO RIGHT TO ARGUE THAT THE PHASE OF INTENSIVE AND INTRUSIVE 3TATE BUILDING IN "I( MUST NOW COME TO AN END 4HE /FFICE OF THE (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE /(2 IN PARTICULAR HAS HAD EXTRAORDINARY POWERS TO DELIVER PROGRESS BY REMOVING RECALCI TRANT OFFICIALS AND IMPOSING LEGISLATION 4HESE WERE NECESSARY POLICY INSTRUMENTS IN THE IMMEDIATE POST CONFLICT PERIOD WHEN AN OBSTRUCTIVE HOUSING OFFICIAL COULD PREVENT REFUGEES RETURNING TO 3REBRENICA OR KEY GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONARIES WERE REGULARLY SHOWN TO BE PROTECTING WAR CRIMINALS "UT TODAY THE SITUATION HAS FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGED "I( IS NOW ON THE HIGHWAY TO %UROPE )T IS TIME TO LEAVE THE DAYS OF COERCION AND IMPOSITION BEHIND 4HE BIGGEST RESPONSIBILITY MUST NOW FALL TO THE PEOPLE OF "I( AND THEIR ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES 4HE CITIZENS OF "I( MUST RE ENGAGE IN PUBLIC LIFE 7ITH THE PROGRESSIVE WITHDRAWAL OF THE TEMPORARY ORGANI ZATIONS FOLLOWING THE OPENING OF 3!! NEGOTIATIONS GREATER RESPONSIBILITY WILL FALL UPON THE PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ORGAN IZATIONS THAT WILL OUTLIVE THE /(2 THE %# THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INSTITUTIONS AND OF COURSE THE /3#% 4HE /3#% S AGENDA CONTAINS SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT KEYS TO ENSURING THAT "I( REACHES ITS FULL POTENTIAL -ANY OF THE PRIORITIES THAT WILL BE UPPERMOST IN ARE CURRENTLY IN /3#% S MANDATE 4HESE INCLUDE s &UNCTIONAL AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM REDUCING THE COST OF GOVERNMENT AND ALLOWING 3!! NEGOTIATIONS TO PRO CEED EFFECTIVELY .O 3TATE CAN BUILD CITIZENS LOYALTY WHEN PER CENT OF THEIR TAXES ARE SPENT ON BUREAUCRATS NOT SERVICES s 3TRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY AND VOTER EDUCATION IN THE RUN UP TO /CTOBER THE FIRST THAT WILL BE PREMISED ON THE 3!!

REFORM AGENDA AND ABOVE ALL

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*ANUARY

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h2ESULTS OF /3#% S WORK SPEAK FOR THEMSELVESv -LADEN )VANIÇ&#x2030; WAS ONE OF NEARLY &OREIGN -INISTERS AND SOME REPRESENTATIVES FROM COUNTRIES WHO TOOK PART IN THE TH /3#% -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL -EETING IN ,JUBLJANA ON AND $ECEMBER !N ECONOMIST BY TRAINING HE SERVED AS 0RIME -INISTER OF 2EPUBLIKA 3RPSKA FROM UNTIL HIS APPOINTMENT AS &OREIGN -INISTER IN (ERE ARE EXCERPTS FROM HIS SPEECH ON $ECEMBER

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UST TWO WEEKS AGO AND YEARS AFTER THE SIGNING OF THE $AYTON 0EACE !CCORDS "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA FOUND ITSELF AT A SIGNIFICANT JUNCTURE IN ITS HISTORY )T OPENED NEGOTI ATIONS ON A 3TABILIZATION AND !SSOCIATION !GREEMENT WITH THE %UROPEAN 5NION 4HIS BROUGHT US MUCH CLOSER TO FULL MEMBERSHIP OF THE %UROPEAN 5NION THAN WE HAVE EVER BEEN !LTHOUGH WE STILL HAVE A LONG ROAD TO TRAVEL OUR CITIZENS NOW HAVE A MUCH CLEARER VIEW OF THE HORIZON !LONGSIDE THEIR EFFORTS IN TRANSFORMING THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE "I( AUTHORITIES HAVE ALSO BEEN TACKLING REFORMS IN THE DEFENCE SECTOR 3TARTING ON *ANUARY INSTEAD OF THREE MINISTRIES OF DEFENCE WE WILL HAVE ONLY ONE Â&#x2C6; AT THE 3TATE LEVEL #ONCERNING THE REMAINING REQUIREMENT Â&#x2C6; FULL CO OPERATION WITH THE )NTERNATIONAL #RIMINAL 4RIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER 9UGOSLAVIA Â&#x2C6; THE PERFORMANCE OF OUR LEADERS IN ESPECIALLY THOSE OF 2EPUBLIKA 3RPSKA IS TESTIMONY TO OUR DETERMINATION TO FULFIL OUR OBLIGATIONS 4O PREPARE THE WAY AHEAD THE LEADERS OF EIGHT MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES RECENTLY HELD TALKS IN "RUSSELS AND 7ASHINGTON $ # TO EXPLORE CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES $ESPITE THE MANY CHALLENGES AND THE VARYING VIEWS ) PERSONALLY AM CONVINCED THAT GRADUALLY WE WILL COME TO AGREEMENTS ON SPECIFIC ISSUES DEMON STRATING OUR READINESS TO MAKE MAJOR DECISIONS 7E CONSIDER THE /3#% NAME SYNONYMOUS WITH PROFESSIONALISM AND SKILL IN CARRYING OUT REFORMS THAT ARE RELEVANT TO EACH AND EVERY "I( CITIZEN RAISING DEMOCRATIC STANDARDS ASSISTING REFUGEES TO RETURN IMPLEMENTING PROPERTY LAWS

MONITORING WAR CRIMES TRIALS AND HELPING BRING ABOUT THE MANY CHANGES IN OUR DEFENCE EDUCATION AND JUDICIARY SYSTEMS 4HE EXCELLENT RESULTS SPEAK FOR THEM SELVES $ESPITE THESE ACHIEVEMENTS WE NEED THE CONTINUED ENGAGEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY 4HE /3#% S EXPERTISE EXPERIENCE AND THREE DIMENSIONAL APPROACH HAVE PROVED ESPECIALLY RELEVANT TO "I( WHICH IS WHY WE WELCOME THE /RGANIZATION S NEW INSTRUMENTS AND INITIATIVES AIMED AT COMBATING TERRORISM AND ORGANIZED CRIME AND PREVENTING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS )N COMBINING OUR EFFORTS TO TACKLE THESE THREATS WE REALIZE HOW ESSENTIAL IT IS TO INTENSIFY CROSS BORDER CO OPERATION IN THE REGION 9OU CAN COUNT ON THE SUPPORT OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA FOR PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES TO BE UNDERTAKEN BY THE /3#% AND ITS INSTITUTIONS IN THE COMING YEARS

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OF A WOEFULLY Â&#x2C6; AND IN MANY CASES NEEDLESSLY Â&#x2C6; UNDER FUNDED SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY SYSTEM $ESPITE ALL THE /3#% S EFFORTS PROGRESS IN EDU CATION REFORM HAS BEEN TOO SLOW AND DIFFERENCES IN THE QUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL PROVISION ACROSS THE COUNTRY REMAIN FAR TOO GREAT 4HE EDUCATION SYSTEM AS A WHOLE MUST BE A BULWARK AGAINST ETHNIC RELIGIOUS CULTURAL AND ANY OTHER KIND OF PREJUDICE OR SEGREGATION 7E CANNOT BE SAID TO HAVE SUCCEEDED AS LONG AS CHILDREN FROM DIFFERENT ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS GO TO SCHOOL AT DIFFERENT TIMES IN DIFFERENT CLASSROOMS

TO BE TAUGHT DIFFERENT HISTORY BY DIFFERENT TEACHERS 4HIS ) THINK IS WHERE THE /3#% -ISSION TO "I( STILL HAS A CRUCIAL PART TO PLAY &ORTUNATELY THE ISSUES ON THE /3#% S AGENDA ARE MUTUALLY REINFORCING 4HE REFORM OF EDUCA TION THE AFFIRMATION OF THE RULE OF LAW THE PRO TECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE MATURATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY CAN AND SHOULD CONSTITUTE A VIRTUOUS CIRCLE Â&#x2C6; AND SERVE TO UNDERPIN ALL THE INNOVA TIONS IN ADMINISTRATION AND GOVERNANCE THAT THE %5 ACCESSION PROCESS WILL NECESSARILY ENTAIL 3UCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ALL THESE IS ESSENTIAL FOR "I( TO REACH ITS POTENTIAL "UT AS WE SHIFT FROM hHARDv TO hSOFTv PEACE IMPLEMENTATION IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD THAT FOLLOWS THE OPENING OF THE 3!!

WE WILL RELY INCREASINGLY ON THE hSOFT POWERv OF MULTILATERAL BODIES SUCH AS THE %5 THE #OUNCIL OF %UROPE AND THE /3#% !S THE /(2 PROGRESSIVELY WITHDRAWS FROM THE FIELD TO CONCENTRATE ON MONITORING AT HIGHER GOVERNMENT LEVELS THE /3#% -ISSION TO "I( WILL HAVE MUCH TO DO )T WILL INCREASINGLY PROVIDE THE EYES AND EARS ON THE GROUND FOR THE REST OF A SLIMMED DOWN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY 4HE OPENING OF THE 3!! MARKS A NEW PHASE IN WHICH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY NEEDS TO HAND OVER THE LEAD RESPONSIBILITY FOR REFORM TO THE "I( AUTHORITIES 4HE /3#% -ISSION WILL NEED TO BE IN THE THICK OF THIS DISCUSSION OVER THE NEXT YEAR OR SO 7E NEED TO GET THE FORMULA RIGHT $ESPITE THE PROGRESS EVINCED BY THE OPENING OF 3!! NEGOTIATIONS IT IS FOOLISH TO THINK THAT SCARS THAT RUN SO DEEP WILL HEAL THEMSELVES QUICKLY )T TAKES DECADES TO CHANGE THE CHIP IN PEOPLE S BRAINS !NYONE WHO THINKS THAT THE "OSNIA S %5 ACCESSION PROCESS WILL BE THE SAME AS SAY

,ITHUANIA S SHOULD VISIT 3ARAJEVO AND 3REBRENICA 7E NEED TO OFFER TAILOR MADE SOLUTIONS FOR THE VERY COMPLEX CHALLENGES THAT THIS COUNTRY CON TINUES TO POSE !ND WE NEED TO PULL ALL THOSE ELE MENTS TOGETHER AS A DETERMINED TEAM 7E SHOULD NOT EXPECT THE SOLUTIONS TO COME OVERNIGHT PEACE BUILDING IS MEASURED IN DECADES "UT IN THE END HOW THESE CHALLENGES ARE RESOLVED IS NOT UP TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMU NITY )T IS UP TO THE PEOPLE OF "I(

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AND THE (ELSINKI !CCORD PRESENTED US WITH MANY NEW OPPORTUNITIES 7E CONCENTRATED ON HUMAN RIGHTS RELATED ISSUES SUCH AS FREEDOM TO WORSHIP WHICH WAS FROWNED UPON WITHIN THE 5332 4HEN IN -IKHAIL 'ORBACHEV WAS ELECTED 3OVIET LEADER AND WE WITNESSED THE UNFOLDING OF PERESTROIKA ,ITHUANIA SEIZED THE CHANCE TO DECLARE INDEPENDENCE ON -ARCH 7E HAVE COME A LONG WAY SINCE THEN

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/CTOBER ; = ) TRIED TO PUT THINGS INTO PERSPECTIVE BY EMPHASIZING THAT WHATEVER THE OUTCOME OF THE REFORM DISCUSSION WE SHOULD NEVER FORGET THAT THE /3#% S PUR POSE IS TO ACT ON SUBSTANCE RATHER THAN TO UNDERTAKE PERPETUAL REFORM OF ITS WORKING STRUCTURES -Y FEELING IS THAT IT IS THE WILLINGNESS OF DECISION MAKERS TO DEVOTE FULL ATTEN TION TO CONTENTIOUS ISSUES SUCH AS hFROZENv CONFLICTS Â&#x2C6; RATHER THAN TO THE STRUCTURES THEMSELVES Â&#x2C6; THAT GETS THE /3#% INTO GEAR 3TRENGTHENING REGIONAL CO OPERATION AT ALL LEVELS WOULD GO A LONG WAY TOWARDS MAIN TAINING PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE /3#% COUNTRIES (AVING SAID THAT WE SHOULD NOT FORGET THAT WE HAVE MADE REMARKABLE PROGRESS ON OUR BASIC PRIORITIES Â&#x2C6; DEMOCRATIZATION

HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE /3#% REGION Â&#x2C6; AND THIS REMAINS OUR BIGGEST SUCCESS &ROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A NEW %5 AND .!4/ MEMBER SUCH AS ,ITHUANIA WHAT ARE THE REMAINING ADVANTAGES OF BEING AN /3#% PARTICIPATING 3TATE )T S TRUE THAT THERE ARE MANY FORUMS IN WHICH THE SAME ISSUES ARE BEING DISCUSSED "UT THE COMPOSITION OF THESE BODIES IS NOT EXACTLY THE SAME 4HE 2USSIAN &EDERATION

THE 5NITED 3TATES AND THE COUNTRIES OF #ENTRAL !SIA FOR EXAMPLE DO NOT BELONG TO THE %UROPEAN 5NION 2USSIA .!4/ CONSUL TATIONS ARE IMPORTANT BUT REMAIN LIMITED (ERE AT THE /3#% OUR FORMAT IS ALL INCLU SIVE AND THE SCOPE AND RANGE OF THE ISSUES DISCUSSED ARE DEFINITELY WIDER &ROM ,ITHUANIA S POINT OF VIEW SINCE THE /3#% IS A REGIONAL SECURITY ORGANIZATION

ONE OF ITS ENORMOUS ADVANTAGES IS THAT IT CAN COUNT ON ABOUT A DOZEN SUB REGIONAL GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDING THOSE OF ITS 0ARTNERS FOR #O OPERATION 4AKE THE #OUNCIL OF THE "ALTIC 3EA 3TATES #"33 WHICH WAS FORMED IN AND CURRENTLY CONSISTS OF 3TATES ,ITHUANIA BELIEVES THAT WITHIN THE /3#% THIS GROUP SHOULD DRAW UP NEW PARTNERSHIPS WITH COUNTERPARTS IN SOUTH EASTERN %UROPE THE "LACK 3EA AREA THE #AUCASUS AND IN #ENTRAL !SIA IN FIELDS SUCH AS ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY SECURITY 7E ALSO BELIEVE STRONGLY IN THE /3#% S POTENTIAL TO MANAGE AND HELP RESOLVE CON FLICTS ESPECIALLY FROZEN CONFLICTS WHICH ) VE ALREADY MENTIONED )N MANY CASES WHAT IS SORELY LACKING IS THE POLITICAL WILL TO PROVIDE THE /3#% WITH THE RESOURCES IT NEEDS TO BE ACTIVE IN THE ENTIRE CRISIS CYCLE Â&#x2C6; FROM FOSTERING POLITICAL DIALOGUE TO IMPROVING FIELD OFFICES ABILITY

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TO MONITOR ISSUES ASSESS LOCAL NEEDS AND BUILD LOCAL AUTHORITIES CAPACITIES IN POLIC ING AND OTHER KEY AREAS 7E ALSO VALUE THE WORK OF THE /FFICE FOR $EMOCRATIC )NSTITUTIONS AND (UMAN 2IGHTS /$)(2 AND STRONGLY URGE THAT ITS TOOLS BE STRENGTHENED SO THAT IT CAN CARRY OUT ITS TASKS PROPERLY "Y THE WAY ) M PROUD TO SAY THAT ,ITHUANIAN NATIONALS TAKE PART IN ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSIONS AND THAT THIS CONTRIBUTION WILL CONTINUE TO GROW ! SMALL AND STABLE COUNTRY STEEPED IN THE TRADITION OF BOTH %ASTERN AND 7ESTERN %UROPE AS WELL AS A MODEL OF GOOD NEIGHBOURLINESS THESE ARE WHAT PEOPLE ASSOCIATE MOST WITH ,ITHUANIA (OW ARE YOU USING THAT TO ADVANTAGE WITHIN THE /3#% )T IS INDEED TRUE THAT WE ARE LOCATED IN A RATHER SPECIAL GEOGRAPHICAL PLACE &ROM A POLITICAL VANTAGE POINT WE CAN SAY THAT OUR h%ASTv Â&#x2C6; 2USSIA S +ALININGRAD REGION Â&#x2C6; IS IN THE 7EST 3OME KM FROM OUR CAPITAL 6ILNIUS WE HAVE ANOTHER NEIGHBOUR Â&#x2C6; "ELARUS 7E SHARE A BORDER WITH 0OLAND

WHICH IS AN %5 AND .!4/ COUNTRY JUST AS WE ARE !ND OF COURSE WE SHARE THE WELL KNOWN h"ALTIC EXPERIENCEv NOT ONLY WITH ,ATVIA AND %STONIA BUT ALSO WITH OUR .ORDIC NEIGH BOURS 4HIS CONTINUES TO SERVE US ALL WELL IN MANY AREAS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS FOR EXAMPLE 4HIS IS WHAT DRIVES ,ITHUANIA S DYNAMIC FOREIGN POLICY 7E ARE INTERESTED IN SHAR ING OUR EXPERIENCE WITH OUR EASTERN NEIGH BOURS ESPECIALLY THOSE IN THE 3OUTHERN #AUCASUS 3INCE WE WERE ABLE TO COMPLETE NEGOTIATIONS FOR %5 ACCESSION AND ARE NOW FULLY FLEDGED MEMBERS WE CAN SERVE AS A GOOD ROLE MODEL !T THE SAME TIME WE HAVE GOOD AND PRAGMATIC RELATIONS WITH 2USSIA ) THINK %UROPE CAN FEEL SECURE ABOUT OUR NEIGH BOURHOOD )F "ELARUS 5KRAINE -OLDOVA AND 2USSIA REACH A STAGE WHEN THEY CAN BE CALLED TRULY DEMOCRATIC %UROPE WILL BE IN AN EXTREMELY FAVOURABLE STRATEGIC SITUATION INDEED )N THIS CONNECTION THE AGREEMENT REACHED BETWEEN 4BILISI AND -OSCOW IN -AY ; = ON THE WITHDRAWAL OF 2USSIAN TROOPS FROM 'EORGIA MAKES ME OPTIMISTIC THAT THIS LONG DRAWN OUT ISSUE WILL FINALLY BE RESOLVED WITHIN THE NEXT FEW YEARS (OW WOULD YOU SUM UP ,ITHUANIA S UNIQUE DEMOCRATIZATION EXPERIENCE ,ITHUANIA S TRANSITION TO BEING A DEMO CRATIC COUNTRY WITH A MARKET ORIENTED ECONOMY IS STILL AT THE WORK IN PROGRESS STAGE 4HE TASKS MAY SEEM SIMPLE SINCE THE GUIDELINES ARE THERE BUT THE MOST DIFFICULT

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EUROS 3INCE '$0 HAS BEEN GROWING BY AN AVERAGE OF PER CENT A YEAR AMONG THE HIGH EST GROWTH RATES IN %UROPE

PART IS BY NO MEANS OVER CHANGING PEOPLE S WAY OF THINKING 7E ARE STILL TACKLING MANY NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF LIFE IN ,ITHUANIA IN THE AREAS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND CORRUPTION

FOR EXAMPLE 4HIS IS WHY WE ARE NOW FOCUSING ON IMPROVING PEOPLE S SOCIO ECONOMIC SITUA TION BY MODERNIZING OUR ECONOMY AS MUCH AS WE CAN 7E HAVE HAD FIVE VERY SUCCESS FUL YEARS 7E ARE DOING WELL OUR IMPRESSIVE GROWTH RATES HAVE BEEN AMONG THE HIGHEST IN %UROPE "UT YOU NEVER BELIEVE POLITICIANS WHEN THEY SAY EVERYTHING IS ALL RIGHT DO YOU 7E STILL HAVE A LOT TO DO 2EAL LIFE IS MORE COM PLEX THAN THAT AND BESIDES PEOPLE S EXPEC TATIONS ARE USUALLY GREATER THAN POLITICIANS ABILITY TO FULFIL THEM 4HE MARCH TOWARDS PROGRESS HAS TO CONTINUE EVERY DAY )N *ULY ,ITHUANIA APPLIED FOR THE /3#% CHAIRMANSHIP IN 7HAT WAS THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND THIS MOVE 7E VALUE THE /3#% S HUGE POTENTIAL FOR STRENGTHENING CO OPERATIVE SECURITY DEMO CRATIC VALUES AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE WHOLE %URO !TLANTIC AREA !ND ) BELIEVE IT IS TIME TO MOVE FROM BEING hCONSUMERSv OF DEMOCRACY AND SECU RITY TO BECOMING MORE ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS WHO CAN HELP DETERMINE THE DESTINY OF THE

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REGION ,ITHUANIA PARTICIPATES IN A NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL MISSIONS INCLUDING THOSE IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA AND +OSOVO 4HE 0ROVINCIAL 2ECONSTRUCTION 4EAM THAT HAS BEEN HARD AT WORK IN !FGHANISTAN S 'HOR 0ROVINCE SINCE *UNE IS ,ITHUANIAN LED 7E HAVE GAINED SOME VALUABLE EXPERI ENCE IN THE #OUNCIL OF %UROPE WHERE ) CHAIRED THE #OMMITTEE OF -INISTERS IN FOR SIX MONTHS (AVING PERSON ALLY EXPERIENCED THE INTENSE EFFORTS THAT THESE CRUCIAL POSITIONS DEMAND ) CAN WELL IMAGINE WHAT A HUGE CHALLENGE IT WILL POSE FOR THE FUTURE &OREIGN -INISTER TO BE AT THE HELM OF THE /3#% 4HE /3#% S MEMBERSHIP IS LARGER AGAINST THE IN THE #OUNCIL OF %UROPE AND THE POSITION LASTS ONE FULL YEAR $O YOU FORESEE YOUR BEING THAT &OREIGN -INISTER ) HAVE HELD THIS POST FOR A TOTAL OF FIVE YEARS IN THREE SEPARATE TERMS -Y FIRST APPOINTMENT STARTED ON .OVEMBER AND ) M STILL HERE 4HE JOB INVOLVES TRAVEL LING ABROAD ABOUT TO DAYS A YEAR 4HAT MEANS BEING AIRBORNE ABOUT HOURS A YEAR WHICH ADDS UP TO MORE THAN DAYS .O ) DON T THINK ) LL BE THE &OREIGN -INISTER IN BUT WHEREVER ) LL BE DON T WORRY ) LL STILL BE ACTIVE 9OUR VISIT FOLLOWS SHORTLY AFTER THE OPENING OF AN EXHIBITION OF THE WORKS OF ,ITHUANIAN !MERICAN ARTIST 2AY "ARTKUS !RT AND ARTISTS HAVE ALWAYS HAD AN ENOR MOUS FOLLOWING IN ,ITHUANIA 2AY "ARTKUS

WHO WAS BORN AND EDUCATED IN ,ITHUANIA

DECIDED TO LIVE IN THE 5NITED 3TATES NOT TOO LONG AGO SO UNLIKE HIS COMPATRIOTS BEFORE HIM HE LEFT UNDER COMPARATIVELY MORE hNORMALv CIRCUMSTANCES 7E HAVE STRUGGLED TO BRING ABOUT THE FREE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE

GOODS AND CAPITAL WHICH HAS MADE IT POS SIBLE FOR PEOPLE LIKE 2AY TO SETTLE IN A PLACE OF THEIR OWN CHOOSING AND WHERE THEY FEEL THEY CAN BE MOST CREATIVE Ài } Ê ÃÌiÀÊ Ì> >ÃÊ6> ÃÊÃÌ>ÀÌi`Ê ÃÊV>ÀiiÀÊ>ÃÊ>Êv Ài > Ê>ÌÊÌ iÊ >Õ >ÃÊ i>ÌÊ *À ViÃà }Ê* > Ì]Ê Û }Ê ÊÌ Ê>ÊÃi ÀÊ« ÃÌÊ ÊÌ iÊ ÃÌÀÞÊ vÊ }À VÕ ÌÕÀi°Ê iÊ >ÌiÀÊ i>`i`Ê Ì Õ> >½ÃÊ i i}>Ì ÊÀië à L iÊv ÀÊ 1Ê VViÃÃ Ê i} Ì >Ì ÃÊ> `ÊÜ>ÃÊ ÃÊV Õ ÌÀÞ½ÃÊ L>ÃÃ>` ÀÊÌ Ê* > `]Ê, > >Ê> `Ê Õ }>À >° iÊ `ÃÊ>Ê* Ê Ê* Ì V> Ê-V i ViÊvÀ Ê7>ÀÃ>ÜÊ 1 ÛiÀà ÌÞ°Ê iÊ ÃÊ> à Ê>Ê}À>`Õ>ÌiÊ vÊÌ iÊ >Õ >ÃÊ * ÞÌiV VÊ ÃÌ ÌÕÌi½ÃÊ >VÕ ÌÞÊ vÊ iV > VðÊ

*ANUARY

ÀÌÊ>ÃÊV i Ì>ÀÞ /Ài>` }ÊÌ iÊ`i V>ÌiÊÜ>ÌiÀÃÊ vÊ "- Ê` « >VÞ

- >Ài`ÊÛ> ÕiÃÊ> `Ê`ii«Ê ÃÌ À V> Ê> `ÊVÕ ÌÕÀ> ÊÌ iÃÊÜ Ì ÊÌ iÊ"- ÊV Õ ÌÞÊÜiÀiÊ«ÕÌÊ Ê>ÀÌ ÃÌ VÊ` ë >ÞÊÜ i Ê Ì iÊ Ì Õ> > Ê> `Ê1°-°Ê Ãà ÃÊ« i`Êivv ÀÌÃÊÌ ÊLÀ }ÊÌ iÊ«ÕL à i`Ê Ì }À>« Ã]ÊiÌV }ÃÊ> `Ê«i V Ê`À>Ü }ÃÊ vÊ>ÀÌ ÃÌÊ, ÛÞ`>ÃÊ­,>Þ®Ê >ÀÌ ÕÃÊÌ Ê6 i >Ê Ê"VÌ LiÀÊÓääx°Ê Ê}À>`Õ>ÌiÊ vÊÌ iÊ6 ÕÃÊ ÀÌÊ V>`i Þ]Ê À°Ê >ÀÌ ÕÃ]Ê {{]Ê ÃÊ iÊ vÊÌ iÊ ÃÌÊÃÕVViÃÃvÕ Ê ÕÃÌÀ>Ì ÀÃÊ ÊÌ iÊ1 Ìi`Ê-Ì>ÌiÃÊÌ `>Þ°Ê/ iÊ"- Ê >}>â iÊë iÊÜ Ì ÊÌ iÊ iÜÊ 9 À ÊÀià `i ÌÊ>vÌiÀÊÌ iÊ «i }Ê vÊ ÃÊiÝ L Ì Ê>ÌÊÌ iÊ vLÕÀ}°Ê

h0SYCHOMANHATTANANALYSISv BY 2AY "ARTKUS FOR .EW 9ORK 4IMES "OOK 2EVIEW

*ANUARY

/3#% -AGAZINE h#ONNECTIVITY 0OWERv 7HAT EXACTLY DID YOU HAVE IN MIND WHEN YOU CHOSE THIS AS THE THEME OF YOUR EXHIBITION 2AY "ARTKUS )T WAS ACTUALLY 5 3 !MBASSADOR *ULIE &INLEY WHO TURNED IT INTO THE TITLE OF THE SHOW AFTER COMING ACROSS IT IN ONE OF MY ILLUSTRATIONS !MERICANS ARE GREAT AT MARKETING AND COME TO THINK OF IT THE CHOICE SEEMED VERY APPROPRIATE 7HAT WERE YOUR PRIME CONSIDERATIONS IN CHOOSING WHICH WORKS TO DISPLAY AT THE (OFBURG !S ) WAS GOING THROUGH HUNDREDS OF MY SKETCHES AND ART WORK ) WAS SURPRISED TO SEE HOW MANY TOOK QUITE A CRITICAL OR

SARCASTIC OR IRONIC VIEW TOWARDS WORLD AFFAIRS ) HAD A HARD TIME SELECTING THOSE THAT WOULD BE RELEVANT AND AT THE SAME TIME hINOFFENSIVEv TO THE /3#% AMBASSADORS PRESENT "UT HEY WE LIKE TO CRITICIZE EVERYBODY AND EVERYTHING IN .EW 9ORK IT MAKES THE WORLD SPIN AND MAYBE IMPROVE A LITTLE $OES ONE HAVE TO BE A hPOLITICAL ANIMALv TO BE ABLE TO ILLUSTRATE GLOBAL CONCERNS SUCH AS NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND TERRORISM 0OLITICS THE ECONOMY SCIENCE AND THE ARTS AFFECT EVERYONE UNLESS ONE IS AN IGNORAMUS 3OME OF US CHOOSE TO EXPRESS AN

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)LLUSTRATIONS BY 2AY "ARTKUS h0AINT #ITYv .EW 9ORK 4IMES "OOK 2EVIEW

$ECEMBER h$EGLOBALIZATIONv

(ARPER S -AGAZINE

h7ITCHv .EW 9ORK 4IMES "OOK 2EVIEW

h#LEANUP OF 'ROUND :EROv .EW 9ORK 4IMES "OOK 2EVIEW

h0EACE .OW v 4IME -AGAZINE COVER

.OVEMBER

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IDEA OR TWO THROUGH AN ARTISTIC MEDIUM Â&#x2C6; AND THOSE WHO ARE NOT hPOLITICAL ANIMALSv MIGHT ACTUALLY HAVE A FRESHER PERSPECTIVE $O GIVE US A PEEK INTO THE WORLD OF MAGAZINE ILLUSTRATION ESPECIALLY IN A CITY KNOWN FOR ITS VIBRANCY AND ITS DIVERSITY %VERY DAY ART DIRECTORS AT THE BETTER MAGAZINES RECEIVE UP TO PORTFOLIOS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD FROM ARTISTS AND ILLUSTRA TORS HOPING FOR A hGIGv )T IS THIS DIVERSE COMPETITION THAT KEEPS ME ON MY TOES /NCE IN A WHILE IT SO HAPPENS THAT ) VE HAD TOO MANY CONFLICTING DEADLINES AND ) VE HAD TO REFUSE ASSIGNMENTS BUT THAT S RISKY Â&#x2C6; THAT ART DIRECTOR MIGHT NEVER CALL AGAIN 7HAT IS IT LIKE TO BE ON THE COVERS AND IN THE PAGES OF SOME OF THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS PUBLICATIONS IN THE 5NITED 3TATES 4HE PAY IS GOOD AND THE ASSIGNMENTS ARE EXTREMELY INTERESTING Â&#x2C6; MOST OF THE TIME ANYWAY ) VE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO ILLUSTRATE THE WRITINGS OF 3ALMAN 2USHDIE

&RANCIS &UKUYAMA -ARGARET !TWOOD TO NAME JUST A FEW

(OW EASY OR DIFFICULT IS IT TO ILLUSTRATE ARTICLES WHOSE EDITORIAL LINE OR MESSAGE YOU DON T AGREE WITH ) AM ALWAYS INTERESTED IN LISTENING TO AN OPPOSING OPINION AND ) AM RARELY FORCED TO BE VERY LITERAL AND TO FOLLOW THE TEXT EXACT LY ! STRONG VISUAL IMAGE IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN A LITERAL EXPLANATION 7HEN IS AN ILLUSTRATION MORE EFFECTIVE THAN A PHOTOGRAPH #OMPUTER PROGRAMMES SUCH AS 0HOTOSHOP HAVE BLURRED THE LINE BETWEEN THE TWO MEDIA 2ECENTLY WITH THE HELP OF 0HOTOSHOP ) CREATED A FICTIONAL 'REEK GOD FOR A BOOK ON ANCIENT 'REECE ,ATER ) RECEIVED A FEW E MAILS FROM PROMINENT SCHOLARS ASKING ME WHICH MUSEUM HAD THE PIECE 7HAT S THE SHORTEST TIME YOU VE BEEN GIVEN FOR AN ASSIGNMENT 4HREE TO FOUR HOURS IS QUITE STANDARD FOR 4HE 7ALL 3TREET *OURNAL !NY FAVOURITE PUBLICATIONS TO WORK FOR AND WHY 4HIS IS MY IDEAL SCENARIO 4HE EDITOR HAS GIVEN THE ART DIRECTOR A GREAT DEAL OF FREE

*ANUARY

h!LIVEv .EW 9ORK 4IMES "OOK 2EVIEW

DOM AND RESPONSIBILITY TO CARRY OUT A VISION FOR THE PUBLICATION S OVERALL DESIGN AND CON CEPT 4HE ART DIRECTOR IN TURN GIVES THE ART IST THE FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY TO CREATE A NEEDED ILLUSTRATION FROM CONCEIVING THE IDEA TO ITS FINAL REALIZATION )N MY YEARS OF WORKING IN THIS FIELD ) KNOW OF ONLY ONE PUBLICATION THAT OPER ATES UNDER CONDITIONS SIMILAR TO THESE AND ) AM PROUD TO SAY ) WORK FOR IT )T S THE .EW 9ORK 4IMES "OOK 2EVIEW UNDER !RT $IRECTOR 3TEVEN (ELLER (OW CAN SOMEONE WITH DEEP ,ITHUANIAN ROOTS ILLUSTRATE ARTICLES BY MOSTLY !MERICAN WRITERS SO EFFECTIVELY 9EARS AGO WHEN FOREIGNERS WOULD COME TO A 3OVIET BLOC COUNTRY THEY WOULD NOTICE ALL THE RED BANNERS ON EVERY CORNER ADVER TISING THE #OMMUNIST 0ARTY 'ROWING UP IN THIS ENVIRONMENT ) HARDLY TOOK NOTICE OF THEM 3OMETIMES IT TAKES AN OUTSIDER TO POINT OUT THE MOST OBVIOUS ASPECTS OF !MERICAN LIFE TO COME UP WITH A DIFFERENT INTERPRETATION ,UCKILY FOR ME .EW 9ORKERS ARE ACCEPTING OF DIFFERING POINTS OF VIEW

7HAT ROLE DID THE EXHIBITION AT THE /3#% PLAY IN YOUR PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE !ND IN YOUR PARENTS LIVES )T S ALWAYS GOOD TO OBSERVE ONE S WORKS FROM A DIFFERENT LIGHT THEIR FAULTS AND STRENGTHS CAN BE SEEN MORE EASILY !S FOR MY PARENTS THEY WERE OF COURSE THRILLED TO BE PRESENT AT THE OPENING 4EN YEARS AGO

THEY WOULD HAVE HAD TO APPLY FOR A VISA FROM THE !USTRIAN 'OVERNMENT !ND SOME YEARS AGO 3OVIET AUTHORI TIES WOULDN T HAVE ALLOWED THEM TO TRAVEL ABROAD AT ALL

ESPECIALLY TO MEET A SON WHO WORKS FOR THE hROTTEN MOUTHPIECES OF CAPITALISMv !T THAT TIME TOO TO HAVE BEEN ABLE TO AFFORD TO FLY FROM 6ILNIUS TO 6IENNA JUST FOR A SHOW WOULD HAVE BEEN THE STUFF OF FAIRY TALES ) AM THRILLED BY THE OPPORTUNITIES THAT THE EXPANSION OF THE %5 HAS OPENED UP #ONNECTIVITY 0OWER 2AY "ARTKUS h) CONSIDER MYSELF A @6ILNIUSER IN .EW 9ORK v

h4HE 5NITED 3TATES A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS HAS ALWAYS BEEN ENRICHED BY THE TALENTS OF THOSE WHO CAME TO OUR SHORES v 5 3 !MBASSADOR *ULIE &INLEY SAID AT THE OPENING OF h#ONNECTIVITY 0OWERv AT THE (OFBURG S .EUER 3AAL h-R "ARTKUS WHO WILL ALWAYS DRAW FROM HIS ,ITHUANIAN ROOTS NOW TAKES HIS ENERGY FROM THE VIBRANCY OF .EW 9ORK v ,ITHUANIAN !MBASSADOR 2YTIS 0AULAUSKAS ADDED h7ORKING AS AN ILLUSTRATOR IS A DELICATE TASK IN THIS RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD 2IMVYDAS CREATIONS MUST QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY REmECT POLITICAL AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS !LTHOUGH THE ART OF ILLUSTRATION SEEMS TO FOCUS ON THE mEETING THE ARTIST S REmECTIONS ON THE ISSUES ARE LASTING AND RELEVANT TO US ALL v 1°-°Ê -- " É* / ,Ê "*

*ANUARY

1°-°Ê -- " É* / ,Ê "*

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