OSCE Magazine March 2005 by The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

-!2#(

"- Ê` « >VÞÊ Ê>VÌ \ -i>ÀV }Êv ÀÊ>ÊÃ ÕÌ Ê Ê1 À> i

À ÃÌ >ÃÊ Ê1 À> i\ ,iV À`Ê Õ LiÀÊ vÊ"- Ê LÃiÀÛiÀÃÊ Ì ÀÊi iVÌ Ê ÃÌ ÌÕÌ Êv ÀÊ ÕÀ «i\ Ã À }Ê À ÌÞÊÀ } ÌÃ

- Ûi >ÊÌ> iÃÊ ÛiÀÊÌ iÊ i Ê / iÊ"- Ê>ÌÊ>ÊVÀ ÃÃÀ >`Ã

` Ì À\Ê*>ÌÀ V >Ê °Ê-ÕÌÌiÀ

iÃ } iÀ\Ê >Ê,iÕÌiÀ * i>ÃiÊÃi `ÊV i ÌÃÊ> `ÊV ÌÀ LÕÌ ÃÊÌ \ÊÊ ÃVi >}>â i >ÌJ ÃVi° À} *ÀiÃÃÊ> `Ê*ÕL VÊ v À >Ì Ê-iVÌ "- Ê-iVÀiÌ>À >Ì BÀ Ì iÀÊ, }Êx ÇÊ £ä£äÊ6 i >]Ê ÕÃÌÀ > /i °\Ê³{Î £®Êx£{ÊÎÈ ÓÇn >Ý\Ê³{Î £®Êx£{ÊÎÈ £äx

4HE /RGANIZATION FOR 3ECURITY AND #O OPERATION IN %UROPE IS A PAN %UROPEAN SECURITY BODY WHOSE PARTICIPATING 3TATES SPAN THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA FROM 6ANCOUVER TO 6LADIVOSTOK

/3#% #HAIRMANSHIP 3LOVENIA /3#% 3TRUCTURES AND )NSTITUTIONS *iÀ > i ÌÊ Õ V ]Ê6 i > ÀÕ Êv ÀÊ-iVÕÀ ÌÞÊ «iÀ>Ì ]Ê6 i > -iVÀiÌ>À >Ì]Ê6 i > "- Ê,i«ÀiÃi Ì>Ì ÛiÊ Ê Àii` Ê vÊÌ iÊ i` >]Ê6 i > "vv ViÊv ÀÊ i VÀ>Ì VÊ ÃÌ ÌÕÌ ÃÊ> `Ê Õ > Ê, } ÌÃ]Ê 7>ÀÃ>Ü } Ê ÃÃ iÀÊ Ê >Ì > Ê À Ì iÃ]Ê/ iÊ >}Õi "- Ê*>À > i Ì>ÀÞÊ ÃÃi L Þ]Ê «i >}i

&IELD /PERATIONS

>ÕV>ÃÕÃ "- Ê"vv ViÊ Ê > Õ "- Ê ÃÃ ÊÌ Ê i À} > "- Ê"vv ViÊ Ê9iÀiÛ> / iÊ*iÀÃ > Ê,i«ÀiÃi Ì>Ì ÛiÊ vÊÌ iÊ > À > "vv Vi ÊÌ iÊ v VÌÊ i> ÌÊÜ Ì ÊLÞÊÌ iÊ"- Ê Ã Ê viÀi Vi

i ÌÀ> Ê Ã > "- Ê i ÌÀiÊ Ê >ÌÞ "- Ê i ÌÀiÊ Ê Ã }>L>` "- Ê i ÌÀiÊ Ê Ã i "- Ê i ÌÀiÊ Ê ÕÃ > Li "- Ê i ÌÀiÊ Ê/>Ã i Ì >ÃÌiÀ Ê ÕÀ «i "- Ê"vv ViÊ Ê Ã "- Ê ÃÃ ÊÌ Ê ` Û> "- Ê*À iVÌÊ À` >Ì ÀÊ Ê1 À> i - ÕÌ i>ÃÌiÀ Ê ÕÀ «i "- Ê*ÀiÃi ViÊ Ê L> > "- Ê ÃÃ ÊÌ Ê Ã >Ê> `Ê iÀâi} Û > "- Ê ÃÃ ÊÌ Ê À >Ì > "- Ê ÃÃ Ê Ê Ã Û "- Ê-« ÛiÀÊ Ì ÀÊ ÃÃ ÊÌ Ê- « i "- Ê ÃÃ ÊÌ Ê-iÀL >Ê> `Ê Ìi i}À Ê

/3#% -AGAZINE

iÃÃ>}iÊvÀ ÊÌ iÊ -« iÃ«iÀÃ Ê vÊÌ iÊ"- %VENTS IN 5KRAINE SERVED AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE /3#% S "ULGARIAN #HAIRMANSHIP IN AND THE 3LOVENIAN #HAIRMANSHIP THAT BEGAN ON *ANUARY

"- É Ê 6-/ 6

/ iÊ"- Ê >}>â i]ÊÜ V Ê ÃÊ> Ã Ê >Û> >L iÊ i]Ê ÃÊ«ÕL Ã i`Ê Ê } Ã Ê > `Ê,ÕÃÃ > ÊLÞÊÌ iÊ*ÀiÃÃÊ> `Ê*ÕL VÊ v À >Ì Ê-iVÌ Ê vÊÌ iÊ"À}> â>Ì Êv ÀÊ -iVÕÀ ÌÞÊ> `Ê «iÀ>Ì Ê Ê ÕÀ «i°Ê/ iÊ Û iÜÃÊiÝ«ÀiÃÃi`Ê ÊÌ iÊ>ÀÌ V iÃÊ>ÀiÊÌ ÃiÊ vÊÌ iÊ>ÕÌ ÀÃÊ > `Ê` Ê ÌÊ iViÃÃ>À ÞÊÀiv iVÌÊÌ iÊ vv V > Ê« Ã Ì Ê vÊÌ iÊ "- Ê> `Ê ÌÃÊ«>ÀÌ V «>Ì }Ê-Ì>ÌiÃ°

4HE -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL MEETING IN 3OlA IN $ECEMBER WAS OVERSHADOWED BY THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN 5KRAINE FOLLOWING A DISPUTED PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION /3#% 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *ÉN +UBIÝ PLAYED AN ACTIVE ROLE AS A MEMBER OF A TEAM OF INTERNATIONAL MEDIATORS WHOSE MEETINGS WITH THE MAIN POLITICAL ACTORS HELPED TO RESOLVE THE IMPASSE 4HE #HAIRMAN IN /FlCE 3LOVENIAN &OREIGN -INISTER $IMITRIJ 2UPEL BEGAN THE YEAR IN HAPPIER CIRCUMSTANCES BY TRAVELLING TO 5KRAINE TO CONGRATULATE NEWLY ELECTED 0RESIDENT 6IKTOR 9USHCHENKO RETURNING LATER IN THE MONTH FOR HIS INAUGURATION AS HEAD OF STATE /UR COVER STORY GIVES AN OVERVIEW OF &OREIGN -INISTER 2UPEL S lRST FEW MONTHS IN OFlCE #ONTINUING THE 5KRAINIAN THEME THE !CTING (EAD OF %XTERNAL #O OPERATION IN THE /3#% 3ECRETARIAT /LEKSANDR 0AVLYUK GIVES AN INSIDER S ACCOUNT OF WHAT IT WAS LIKE FOR A 5KRAINIAN NATIONAL TO PARTICIPATE ON THE /RGANIZATION S BEHALF IN MOMENTOUS TALKS ON HIS COUNTRY S FUTURE

*UST BEFORE THE /3#% -AGAZINE WENT TO PRESS THE SAD NEWS REACHED US THAT !MBASSADOR $AVID 2 .ICHOLAS /3#% 0ROJECT #O ORDINATOR IN 5KRAINE HAD DIED SUDDENLY IN HIS OFlCE IN +YIV (E WAS ! BIG MAN IN EVERY SENSE OF THE WORD HE WAS LIKED AND RESPECTED BY EVERYONE WHO WORKED WITH HIM ! TRIBUTE TO !MBASSADOR .ICHOLAS APPEARS ON PAGE 4HIS ISSUE MARKS THE START OF THE SECOND YEAR OF THE NEW LOOK /3#% -AGAZINE 7E HAVE RECEIVED VERY FAVOURABLE FEEDBACK FROM READERS ON THE LIVELY FULL COLOUR FORMAT 7E ENCOURAGE ALL READERS INTERESTED IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE /3#% TO CONTACT US WITH STORY IDEAS COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS 2ICHARD -URPHY 6IENNA -ARCH

-ARCH

-ARCH 6OL )) .O

ÊÌ ÃÊ ÃÃÕi 3 , / 6 % . ) ! 4! + % 3 / 6 % 2 4 ( % ( % , -

"- Ê>ÌÊ>ÊVÀ ÃÃÀ >`Ã ÞÊ, V >À`Ê ÕÀ« Þ

*> i Ê vÊ i ÌÊ*iÀÃ ÃÊÌ Ê`À>ÜÊÕ«ÊÛ Ã ÊÊ v ÀÊ"- ½ÃÊvÕÌÕÀi

`Ê7>ÀÊ V iÃ ÞÊ ÌÀ Ê,Õ«i

#(2)34-!3 ). 5+2!).%

,iV À`Ê Õ LiÀÊ vÊ"- Ê LÃiÀÛiÀÃÊÊ Ì ÀÊi iVÌ ÞÊ1À`ÕÀÊ Õ >ÀÃ` ÌÌ ÀÊ

/3#% $)0,/-!#9

-i>ÀV }Êv ÀÊ>ÊÃ ÕÌ Ê Ê1 À> i ÞÊ" i Ã> `ÀÊ*>Û ÞÕ

30)2)4 /& (%,3).+)

/ iÊ iÜÊ9 À Ê/ iÃÊ} iÃÊ ÊÌ iÊÀ >`Ê Ê >â> ÃÌ> ÞÊ À ÃÌ « iÀÊ-°Ê7Ài

Õ ÀÊ ÕÀ > ÃÌÃÊ Ê ÌÞÀ>ÕÊÀi> âiÊºÕ >ÌÌ> >L iÊ`Ài> » ÞÊ Þ>Ê }>ÞiÛ

/ ÀÌÞÊÞi>ÀÃÊ>} \ÊÊ ,i« ÀÌ }Ê ÊÌ iÊ i Ã Ê > Ê VÌ

%.3(2).).' -)./2)49 2)'(43

Ê ÃÌ ÌÕÌ Êv ÀÊ ÕÀ «i\Ê7 i ÊÜ À`ÃÊ >ÌÌiÀ ÞÊ ÀâÞÃâÌ vÊ ÀâiÜ V

!00/).4-%.43

! . ! 0 0 2 % # ) !4 ) / .

>Û `Ê,°Ê V >Ã

À ÌÊV ÛiÀ\Ê/ iÊÌÀ « iÊLÀ `}iÊ/À ÃÌ Û i®Ê ÊÌ iÊ i>ÀÌÊ vÊ ÕL > >Ê`>ÌiÃÊL>V ÊÌ Ê £n{ÓÊ> `ÊÜ>ÃÊÜ `i i`Ê Ê£ Ó £ ÎÓ° * Ì \Ê >Ì >âÊ*ÀiÃiÀi É*,Ê> `Ê i` >Ê"vv ViÊ vÊ- Ûi >

WWW OSCE ORG -ARCH

/3#% -AGAZINE

- Ûi >ÊÌ> iÃÊÊ ÛiÀÊÌ iÊ i "- Ê>ÌÊ>ÊVÀ ÃÃÀ >`Ã -OUNT 4RIGLAV 3LOVENIA S HIGHEST MOUNTAIN AND ITS NATIONAL SYMBOL INSPIRED THE #HAIRMANSHIP LOGO 0HOTO 3TANE +LEMENC 02 AND -EDIA /FFICE OF 3LOVENIA

ON *ANUARY AT ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT TIMES FOR THE /RGANIZATION IN ITS RECENT HECTIC ROUND OF HIGH LEVEL MEETINGS HISTORY ON BOTH SIDES OF THE !TLANTIC MARKED &OREIGN -INISTERS HAD FAILED TO AGREE A THE FIRST WEEKS OF THE /3#% CONCLUDING DECLARATION AT THEIR -INISTERIAL #HAIRMANSHIP OF 3LOVENIAN &OREIGN #OUNCIL MEETING IN 3OFIA IN $ECEMBER 4HIS -INISTER $IMITRIJ 2UPEL REFLECTED DIFFERENCES ON KEY POLITICAL ISSUES /FFICIAL DUTIES TOOK HIM TO +YIV "RUSSELS AMONG /3#% PARTICIPATING 3TATES -OREOVER "ELGRADE 0RISTINA -OSCOW !STANA 4ASHKENT THE NEW YEAR BEGAN WITHOUT AGREEMENT ON A 3TRASBOURG .EW 9ORK 7ASHINGTON $ # BUDGET OR NEW SCALES OF CONTRIBUTION #HISINAU AND 'ENEVA !LTHOUGH THE /RGANIZATION S INTERNAL DIFFI ,EADERS WITH WHOM HE HELD DISCUSSIONS CULTIES WERE A KEY ITEM ON THE AGENDA IN HIS INCLUDED 5NITED .ATIONS 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL MEETINGS WITH OTHER FOREIGN MINISTERS THE +OFI !NNAN .!4/ 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *AAP #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE INSISTED THAT THE /3#% DE (OOP 3CHEFFER 2USSIAN &OREIGN -INISTER SHOULD NOT BECOME TOO INTROVERTED AND 3ERGEY ,AVROV AND 5 3 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE OBSESSED WITH ITS INTERNAL AFFAIRS h4HERE IS A WHOLE WORLD OUT THERE THAT #ONDOLEEZZA 2ICE (E ALSO ADDRESSED THE REQUIRES OUR ATTENTION v HE SAID URGING .ORTH !TLANTIC #OUNCIL IN "RUSSELS AND THE 5 3 (ELSINKI #OMMISSION ON #APITOL (ILL /3#% COUNTRIES TO OVERCOME THEIR DIFFER 3LOVENIA TOOK OVER THE /3#% #HAIRMANSHIP ENCES AND SHOW WILLINGNESS TO COMPROMISE TO ENSURE THAT AGREEMENT ON A BUDGET WAS REACHED QUICKLY 4HE /RGANIZATION CAN CON TINUE TO OPERATE ON THE BASIS OF PROVISIONAL FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS BUT THE ABSENCE OF AGREEMENT ON A BUDGET MEANT THAT NO NEW ACTIVITIES COULD BE LAUNCHED

9Ê, , Ê 1,* 9

"- É " "

6 / Ê " , 1

/3#% -AGAZINE

#HAIRMAN IN /FFICE $IMITRIJ 2UPEL WITH 5. 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL +OFI !NNAN -ARCH

4HE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE RECALLED THAT THE /3#% LIKE ITS FORERUNNER THE #3#% #ONFERENCE ON 3ECURITY AND #O OPERATION IN %UROPE HAD OVERCOME MANY SETBACKS IN THE YEARS SINCE THE (ELSINKI &INAL !CT (E INSISTED THAT IT HAD LOST NONE OF ITS RELEVANCE AS A VITAL FORUM FOR ADDRESSING SECURITY CHALLENGES IN %UROPE

-ARCH

-EETING NEW 5KRAINIAN LEADERS *ANUARY PARLIAMENTARIAN 9ULIYA 4YMOSHENKO NOW 0RIME -INISTER 0RESIDENT 6IKTOR 9USHCHENKO AND &OREIGN -INISTER "ORYS 4ARASYUK 0HOTOS /3#% "/"/

BE GOING IN THE YEARS AHEAD v HE TOLD THE 0ANEL AT ITS FIRST MEETING NEAR 3LOVENIA S CAPITAL ,JUBLJANA * 6 " / Ê , "

4HE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE HAD BEGUN THE YEAR BY VISITING 5KRAINE ON AND *ANUARY !FTER MEETING MEMBERS OF THE OUTGOING AND INCOMING GOVERNMENTS IN +YIV HE FLEW TO THE WEST OF THE COUNTRY AND DROVE INTO THE #ARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS TO VISIT NEWLY ELECTED 0RESIDENT 6IKTOR 9USHCHENKO WHO INTER RUPTED HIS HOLIDAY FOR THE MEETING 4HE /3#% HAD MOUNTED ITS LARGEST EVER ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION FOR THE REPEAT SECOND ROUND OF 5KRAINE S PRESIDENTIAL ELEC TIONS ON $ECEMBER h4HE EYES OF THE WORLD WERE ON 5KRAINE FOR A MONTH AND THE ROLE OF THE /3#% ELECTION OBSERVERS IN THE PROCESS WAS PIVOTAL v HE SAID IN +YIV h) WANTED TO COME HERE AS SOON AS POS SIBLE TO SHOW SOLIDARITY WITH THE 5KRAINIAN PEOPLE AND TO DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE WHICH THE /3#% ATTACHES TO A DEMOCRATIC AND STABLE 5KRAINE ENJOYING GOOD RELATIONS WITH ITS NEIGHBOURS AT THE HEART OF THE /3#% COMMUNITY v &OREIGN -INISTER 2UPEL INDICATED AT THE VERY OUTSET THAT THE 3LOVENIAN #HAIRMANSHIP WOULD PLACE HIGH PRIORITY ON THE SITUATION IN +OSOVO WHERE THE /3#% MAINTAINS ITS LARG EST FIELD MISSION +OSOVO FIGURED PROMINENTLY ON THE AGEN DA IN HIS MEETINGS IN "ELGRADE -OSCOW .EW 9ORK AND 7ASHINGTON $ # )N 0RISTINA

"- É " "

h7E SHOULD NOT FORGET THAT THE FIRST FEW DECADES OF THE #3#% WERE MARKED BY AN ATMOSPHERE OF DEEP HOSTILITY AND MISTRUST WITH TWO ARMED BLOCS CONFRONTING EACH OTHER v HE SAID h(ELSINKI LAUNCHED A PROC ESS OF CO OPERATIVE SECURITY WHICH REMAINS VALID AND RELEVANT TODAY 7HAT WE HAVE IN COMMON IS MUCH GREATER THAN THE POINTS ON WHICH WE DIFFER v .EVERTHELESS IN HIS FIRST ADDRESS TO THE 0ERMANENT #OUNCIL IN 6IENNA ON *ANUARY THE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE ACKNOWLEDGED THE POLITICAL DIFFICULTIES IN THE /RGANIZATION h3LOVENIA TAKES THE HELM OF THIS SHIP IN CHOPPY SEAS v HE SAID %XPRESSING CONCERN AT THE TONE OF SOME STATEMENTS FROM CERTAIN /3#% COUNTRIES HE ADDED h7E MUST WORK TOGETHER TO PREVENT POLITICAL FAULT LINES FROM REAPPEARING v (E TOLD THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PAR TICIPATING 3TATES THAT 3LOVENIA WANTED TO USE ITS YEAR AT THE HELM TO hREVITALIZE REFORM AND REBALANCEv THE /RGANIZATION (E FOL LOWED UP ON THIS IN &EBRUARY BY APPOINTING A SEVEN MEMBER 0ANEL OF %MINENT 0ERSONS TO CARRY OUT A THOROUGH REVIEW OF THE WAY THE /RGANIZATION OPERATES )T IS DUE TO PRESENT ITS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE BY THE END OF *UNE h-Y EXPECTATION WHICH ) BELIEVE IS SHARED BY ALL PARTICIPATING 3TATES IS THAT YOU WILL PROVIDE US WITH A VISION FOR THE FUTURE AND SOME RADICAL YET POLITICALLY REALISTIC FOOD FOR THOUGHT ON WHERE THE /3#% SHOULD

-ARCH

.!4/ 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *AAP DE (OOP 3CHEFFER LEFT CONFERS WITH /3#% #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE AT THE #ONFERENCE ON 3ECURITY 0OLICY IN -UNICH &EBRUARY

/3#% -AGAZINE

"- É " "

$IMITRIJ 2UPEL LEFT SIDE OF PHOTO AT CIRCULAR TABLE ADDRESSES THE 5. 3ECURITY #OUNCIL IN .EW 9ORK -ARCH

HE MET THE 3PECIAL 2EPRESENTATIVE OF THE 5. 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL 3OREN *ESSEN 0ETERSEN AND BOTH +OSOVO !LBANIAN AND +OSOVO 3ERB POLITICIANS )N A SIGNED ARTICLE IN THE 7ALL 3TREET *OURNAL %UROPE OF -ARCH h#OMPLETING +OSOVOv THE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE SAID A DIS CUSSION OF +OSOVO S FUTURE STATUS SHOULD NOT BE POSTPONED AND IT WAS HIGH TIME "ELGRADE AND 0RISTINA WERE BROUGHT BACK TO THE NEGO TIATING TABLE h+OSOVO S FUTURE STATUS CAN BE RESOLVED IN A STABLE MANNER ONLY IF THE RESULT IS SANC TIONED BY BOTH CAPITALS v HE SAID h3UCCESS IN FUTURE STATUS NEGOTIATIONS DEPENDS ON WHETHER WE SUCCEED IN BUILDING CROSS ETHNIC TRUST IN +OSOVO AND IN STRENGTHENING THE CONFIDENCE BETWEEN "ELGRADE AND 0RISTINA v )N -OSCOW ON &EBRUARY THE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE MET 2USSIAN &OREIGN -INISTER 3ERGEY ,AVROV TO DISCUSS /3#% REFORM THE /RGANIZATION S ELECTION MONITORING ACTIVITIES AND A RANGE OF REGIONAL ISSUES 2USSIA HAD EXPRESSED CONCERN ABOUT WHAT IT PERCEIVED AS GEOGRAPHIC IMBALANCES IN THE WORK OF THE /3#% AND hDOUBLE STANDARDSv IN ITS ELECTION MONITORING %MPHASIZING THAT THE 3LOVENIAN #HAIRMANSHIP TOOK 2USSIA S CONCERNS VERY SERIOUSLY &OREIGN -INISTER 2UPEL SAID h7E SHARE A COMMON DESIRE TO STRENGTHEN THE /3#% AND MAKE IT MORE EFFECTIVE AND RESPONSIVE TO THE NEEDS OF ALL PARTICIPATING 3TATES v )N .EW 9ORK ON -ARCH HE URGED 0ERMANENT -EMBERS OF THE 5. 3ECURITY #OUNCIL TO USE THEIR INFLUENCE TO HELP END

/3#% -AGAZINE

SOME LONG STANDING CONFLICTS IN THE /3#% REGION ESPECIALLY IN PARTS OF -OLDOVA AND 'EORGIA AND IN THE DISPUTED REGION OF .AGORNO +ARABAKH h)T IS DIFFICULT FOR INTER STATE ORGANIZATIONS TO DEAL WITH NON STATE ACTORS EVEN IF AS IN SOME CASES THEY ARE DE FACTO AUTHORI TIES v THE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE SAID h4HERE ARE TIMES WHEN THE LEVERAGE OF POWERFUL STATES INCLUDING 0ERMANENT -EMBERS OF THIS #OUNCIL CAN BE CRUCIAL ) URGE YOU TO EXERT THAT PRESSURE IN THE CONTEXT OF /3#% MEDIATION EFFORTS TO HELP RESOLVE THESE LONG STANDING CONFLICTS v (E ALSO ENCOURAGED THE 5NITED .ATIONS TO MAKE MORE USE OF REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS THE /3#% !T A MEETING WITH 5. 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL +OFI !NNAN HE DISCUSSED +OSOVO AND THE REFORM PROCESSES UNDER WAY BOTH AT THE 5NITED .ATIONS AND AT THE /3#% /3#% REFORM AND THE BUDGET IMPASSE WERE ALSO HIGH ON THE AGENDA AT A MEETING WITH 5 3 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE #ONDOLEEZZA 2ICE IN 7ASHINGTON ON -ARCH h!S FAR AS OUR INTERNAL DIFFICULTIES ARE CONCERNED ) AM MUCH MORE OPTIMISTIC AFTER TALKING TO 3ECRETARY 2ICE v HE SAID AFTER WARDS h3HE PLEDGED VERY STRONG SUPPORT FOR THE WORK OF THE /3#% AND ENCOURAGED THE 3LOVENIAN #HAIRMANSHIP TO CONTINUE WITH ITS EFFORTS TO REACH A COMPROMISE ) AM HOPEFUL THAT WE WILL SEE SOME PROGRESS IN THE COM ING WEEKS 7E WILL CERTAINLY WORK EXTREMELY HARD TO ACHIEVE A BREAKTHROUGH v , V >À`Ê ÕÀ« ÞÊ ÃÊ"- Ê-« iÃ«iÀÃ Ê> `Ê i>`Ê vÊ*ÀiÃÃÊ> `Ê*ÕL VÊ v À >Ì °

-ARCH

4HE /3#% #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE HAS URGED THE /3#% S 0ANEL OF %MINENT 0ERSONS TO BE hBOLDv IN PERFORMING ITS TASK OF GIVING NEW IMPETUS TO POLITICAL DIALOGUE AND PROVIDING A STRATEGIC VISION FOR THE /RGANIZATION IN THE ST CENTURY h) DON T WANT TO OVER DRAMATIZE THIS THE /3#% HAS BEEN IN A CONSTANT STATE OF FLUX SINCE AND HAS PERIODICALLY BEEN ADAPTING AND RE TOOLING ITSELF TO DEAL WITH CHANGED THREATS AND CHALLENGES TO SECURITY v 3LOVENIAN &OREIGN -INISTER $IMITRIJ 2UPEL SAID AT THE 0ANEL S FIRST MEETING ON &EBRUARY NEAR ,JUBLJANA hBUT LONG TIME /3#% WATCHERS TELL ME THAT THE SITUATION NOW IS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT 3ERIOUS QUESTIONS ARE BEING RAISED AT A HIGH LEVEL ABOUT

THE /3#% AND THERE IS A STRONG SENSE THAT SOMETHING PROFOUND HAS TO CHANGE v 4HE 0ANEL MEMBERS RECONVENED IN 6IENNA ON AND -ARCH 4HEY ARE EXPECTED TO ISSUE THEIR RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE END OF *UNE 4HE /3#% PARTICIPATING 3TATES HAD AGREED AT THEIR -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL MEETING IN 3OFIA IN $ECEMBER TO ESTABLISH THE 0ANEL hRECOGNIZING THAT THE TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE (ELSINKI &INAL !CT THE TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE #HARTER OF 0ARIS FOR A .EW %UROPE AND THE TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE /3#% PROVIDE A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO REFLECT ON THE ROLE OF THE /RGANIZATION IN A CHANGING %UROPE v

"- É " "

*> i Ê vÊ i ÌÊ*iÀÃ ÃÊÌ Ê`À>ÜÊÕ«Ê Û Ã Êv ÀÊ"- ½ÃÊvÕÌÕÀi $IMITRIJ 2UPEL !T HOME IN MANY WORLDS $IMITRIJ 2UPEL S CAREER BACKGROUND AND SCHOLARLY PURSUITS SPAN THE WORLDS OF POLITICS PUBLIC SERVICE DIPLOMACY ACADEMIA AND ARTS AND LETTERS !T HE WAS APPOINTED THE lRST -INISTER FOR &OREIGN !FFAIRS OF THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT 2EPUBLIC OF 3LOVENIA A POST HE HAS HELD AGAIN (E HAS BEEN A -EMBER OF 0ARLIAMENT -AYOR OF ,JUBLJANA AND 3LOVENIA S !MBASSADOR TO THE 5NITED 3TATES (IS POLITICAL ACTIVISM GOES BACK TO THE PERIOD WHEN HE CO FOUNDED AND EDITED THE MAGAZINE .OVA 2EVIJA WHICH PUBLISHED THE 3LOVENE .ATIONAL 0ROGRAMME IN A MANIFESTO FOR POLITICAL CHANGE (E LATER HELPED ESTABLISH THE 3LOVENIAN $EMOCRATIC !LLIANCE 3$: AND BECAME ITS lRST 0RESIDENT IN

"- É " "

h-Y lRST LOVE WAS LITERATURE AND ) CAME TO POLITICS RELATIVELY LATE IN LIFE v THE &OREIGN -INISTER SAYS h0ERHAPS THAT S WHY ) TAKE A BROAD VIEW OF 3LOVENIA S ROLE IN THE WORLD ) SEE IT FROM MANY PERSPECTIVES v

"RDO #ASTLE NEAR ,JUBLJANA WAS THE SETTING OF THE FIRST MEETING OF THE 0ANEL OF %MINENT 0ERSONS ON &EBRUARY FOLLOWING THEIR APPOINTMENT BY THE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE THIRD FROM RIGHT ON &EBRUARY 4HE MEMBERS REPRESENTING A CROSS SECTION OF PARTICIPATING 3TATES ARE LEFT TO RIGHT 7ILHELM (ÚYNCK 'ERMANY &ORMER 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL OF THE #3#% /3#% +UANYSH 3ULTANOV +AZAKHSTAN $EPUTY OF THE 3ENATE OF 0ARLIAMENT AND FORMER !MBASSADOR TO #HINA -IOMIR :UZUL #ROATIA &ORMER !CTING &OREIGN -INISTER AND MEMBER OF THE #ROATIAN NEGOTIATION TEAM AT THE $AYTON 0EACE !CCORDS .IKOLAY !FANASIEVSKIY 2USSIA !MBASSADOR TO 0OLAND AND FORMER $EPUTY &OREIGN -INISTER +NUT 6OLLEBAEK .ORWAY !MBASSADOR TO THE 5 3 AND FORMER &OREIGN -INISTER AND #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE OF THE /3#% (ANS VAN DEN "ROEK .ETHERLANDS &ORMER &OREIGN -INISTER AND MEMBER OF THE %5 #OMMISSION AND 2ICHARD 3 7ILLIAMSON 5NITED 3TATES &ORMER !SSISTANT 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE 5 3 2EPRESENTATIVE TO THE 5. #OMMISSION ON (UMAN 2IGHTS AND !MBASSADOR TO THE 5. /FFICE AT 6IENNA

-ARCH

&OREIGN -INISTER 2UPEL OBTAINED A DEGREE IN WORLD LITERATURE AND SOCIOLOGY FROM THE 5NIVERSITY OF ,JUBLJANA AND SUBSEQUENTLY A 0H $ IN SOCIOLOGY FROM "RANDEIS 5NIVERSITY IN -ASSACHUSETTS (E WAS 6ISITING 0ROFESSOR AT 1UEEN S 5NIVERSITY IN +INGSTON #ANADA AT THE .EW 3CHOOL FOR 3OCIAL 2ESEARCH IN .EW 9ORK AND AT #LEVELAND 3TATE 5NIVERSITY IN /HIO (E HAS ALSO TAUGHT AT THE 5NIVERSITY OF ,JUBLJANA (E IS A PROLIlC WRITER WITH A STRING OF NOVELS AS WELL AS BOOKS WITH HISTORICAL INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND SOCIOLOGICAL THEMES !MONG HIS BEST KNOWN WORKS ARE 3KRIVNOST DRäAVE 3ECRET OF 3TATE /DCARANA 3LOVENIJA $ISENCHANTED 3LOVENIA 3RECANJA IN RAZHAJANJA -EETINGS AND 0ARTINGS AND 0REVZEM ZGODBE O USPEHU 4AKING /VER THE 3UCCESS 3TORY

/3#% -AGAZINE

4HIS ARTICLE APPEARED IN THE 7ASHINGTON 0OST OF -ARCH

#OLD 7AR %CHOES "Y $IMITRIJ 2UPEL 7HEN MY PRIME MINISTER SUGGESTED SOME YEARS AGO THAT 3LOVENIA SHOULD TAKE ON THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE /RGANIZATION FOR 3ECURITY AND #O OPERATION IN %UROPE /3#% IN ) KNEW IT WOULD BE A CHALLENGE /UR 3TATES FACE CRITICAL SECURITY ISSUES THAT REQUIRE OUR FULL ATTENTION FROM TERRORISM AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING TO CON FLICTS IN 'EORGIA -OLDOVA AND .AGORNO +ARABAKH 4HE /3#% A PAN %UROPEAN BODY SPAWNED BY THE (ELSINKI &INAL !CT AND OF WHICH THE 5NITED 3TATES IS AN ACTIVE MEMBER IS UNIQUELY PLACED TO ADDRESS THESE CHALLENGES ) DID NOT IMAGINE THOUGH THAT ) WOULD SPEND MY FIRST FEW MONTHS IN THE POST HAGGLING WITH FELLOW FOREIGN MINISTERS ABOUT A RELATIVELY INSIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF MONEY 9ET THAT IS EXACTLY WHAT ) HAVE BEEN DOING 4HE /3#% FACES PARALYSIS WITHIN MONTHS BECAUSE WE HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO AGREE ON A BUDGET OR ON HOW MUCH EACH COUNTRY SHOULD CONTRIBUTE IN THE FUTURE 4HE SUMS INVOLVED ARE RELATIVELY SMALL Â&#x2C6; THE /3#% BUDGET WAS MILLION EUROS MILLION LAST YEAR ABOUT FOUR PER CENT OF THE ANNUAL BUDGET OF THE $ISTRICT OF #OLUMBIA 2UNNING ON PRO VISIONAL BUDGET ARRANGEMENTS THE /3#% IS UNABLE TO LAUNCH ANY NEW ACTIVITIES OR IMPLEMENT IMPORTANT INITIATIVES 4HIS IS BOTH ABSURD AND EMBARRASSING 4HE BUDGET DISPUTE OF 4HE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE WITH 5 3 3TATE COURSE MASKS FUNDAMENTAL 3ECRETARY #ONDOLEEZZA 2ICE -ARCH AND POLITICAL DIFFERENCES THAT GO 2USSIAN &OREIGN -INISTER 3ERGEY ,AVROV WELL BEYOND THE /3#% 4HE &EBRUARY 0HOTOS /3#% "/"/ 2USSIAN &EDERATION AND SOME MEMBERS OF THE #OMMONWEALTH OF )NDEPENDENT 3TATES ARGUE THAT THE /3#% APPLIES A DOUBLE STANDARD THAT THE WAY IT MONITORS ELECTIONS IS FLAWED THAT TOO MUCH ATTENTION IS PAID TO HUMAN RIGHTS AND NOT ENOUGH TO SECURITY 4HE 5NITED 3TATES AND THE %UROPEAN 5NION ON THE OTHER HAND APPEAR GENERALLY CONTENT WITH THE FOCUS ON THE hHUMAN DIMENSIONv UPHOLDING BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS AND MONITORING ELECTIONS 4HEY RARELY BRING SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL MILITARY ISSUES TO THE NEGOTIATING TABLE ) SENSE A HARDENING OF ATTITUDES ON ALL SIDES AND ) HEAR RHETORIC UNCOMFORTABLY REMINISCENT OF THE #OLD 7AR )F THE IMPASSE CONTINUES THE /3#% S CREDIBILITY AND ITS SURVIVAL WILL

/3#% -AGAZINE

BE IN JEOPARDY $OES THAT MATTER ) FIRMLY BELIEVE IT DOES 4HE /3#% STARTED LIFE IN THE S AS A SERIES OF MEET INGS BETWEEN TWO OPPOSING BLOCS THAT HAD THE POWER TO OBLITERATE ONE ANOTHER )T PROVIDED A FORUM IN WHICH TRUST WAS SLOWLY AND PAINFULLY BUILT 4HE RESULT WAS A SERIES OF LANDMARK ACCORDS STARTING IN (ELSINKI ON CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES TO REDUCE THE RISK OF WAR AND ON NEW COMMON STANDARDS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRATIC ELEC TIONS 7ITHOUT A DOUBT THE (ELSINKI PROCESS PLAYED A SIG NIFICANT ROLE IN HELPING TO BRING ABOUT A PEACEFUL END TO THE #OLD 7AR !FTER THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM OUR LEADERS REINVENTED THE /RGANIZATION AS AN OPERATIONAL BODY WITH A NETWORK OF FIELD OFFICES 4HROUGHOUT THE S IT PLAYED AN IMPORTANT CONFLICT PREVENTION ROLE FROM THE #RIMEA TO THE SOUTHERN "ALKANS AND HELPED WITH POST CONFLICT REHABILITATION IN PLAC ES AS DIVERSE AS +OSOVO 4AJIKISTAN AND 'EORGIA 4HE /3#% HAS ACHIEVED MUCH ON A SHOESTRING BUDGET "UT AS THE ONLY SECURITY ORGANIZATION THAT INCLUDES THE 5NITED 3TATES #ANADA 2USSIA THE WHOLE OF %UROPE AND THE FORMER 3OVIET 5NION AS EQUAL PARTNERS IT COULD ACHIEVE SO MUCH MORE IF PARTICIPATING 3TATES MUSTERED THE POLITICAL WILL TO LET IT DO ITS JOB PROPERLY #OUNTRIES IN TRANSITION ARE CRYING OUT FOR THE EXPERTISE THE /3#% CAN PROVIDE IN TRAINING POLICE FORCES !LL COUN TRIES WANT TO BOOST THEIR CAPACITY TO FIGHT TERRORISM AND THE /3#% HELPS BY BRINGING TOGETHER EXPERTS IN PROTECTING AIRPORTS FROM SHOULDER FIRED MISSILES AND MAKING PASSPORTS MORE DIFFICULT FOR TERRORISTS TO FORGE !LL OF US CONFRONT THE SCOURGES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING ORGANIZED CRIME AND RACIAL AND RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE 9ET MANY /3#% COUNTRIES APPEAR TO CONTEMPLATE THE /RGANIZATION S LOSS OF INFLUENCE WITH INDIFFERENCE /UR HEADS OF STATE HAVE NOT HELD A SUMMIT SINCE 3O WHAT CAN BE DONE &IRST 2USSIA SHOULD STOP BLOCKING THE BUDGET AND ENGAGE CONSTRUCTIVELY IN TRYING TO MOVE THE /3#% MORE IN THE DIREC TION IT WANTS Â&#x2C6; BY NEGOTIATION )T SHOULD PLAY A MORE ACTIVE ROLE IN THE WORK OF THE /3#% BY SENDING MORE 2USSIANS TO FIELD MISSIONS PROVIDING MORE ELECTION OBSERVERS AND SUB MITTING MORE HIGH CALIBRE CANDIDATES FOR TOP POSITIONS 3ECOND THE 5NITED 3TATES AND THE %UROPEAN 5NION SHOULD TAKE 2USSIAN CONCERNS SERIOUSLY 4HEY SHOULD AVOID PATRONIZING THEIR PARTNERS AND ACKNOWLEDGE THAT NOT ALL 7ESTERN COUNTRIES ARE PERFECT DEMOCRACIES WITH FLAWLESS HUMAN RIGHTS RECORDS 4HEY SHOULD DEVOTE MORE ATTENTION TO THE POLITICAL MILITARY DIMENSION OF SECURITY WITHOUT WEAK ENING /3#% HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITMENTS AND STOP TREATING THE /3#% AS IF IT WERE LITTLE MORE THAN A NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION 4HIRD ALL /3#% COUNTRIES SHOULD DEVOTE HIGH LEVEL POLITI CAL ATTENTION TO THE /RGANIZATION AND USE IT AS THE EFFECTIVE SECURITY INSTRUMENT IT WAS DESIGNED TO BE ,IP SERVICE IS NO LONGER ENOUGH 4HE WRITER IS &OREIGN -INISTER OF 3LOVENIA AND #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE OF THE /RGANIZATION FOR 3ECURITY AND #O OPERATION IN %UROPE 4HIS ARTICLE REFLECTS HIS PERSONAL VIEWS

-ARCH

À ÃÌ >ÃÊ Ê1 À> i ,iV À`Ê Õ LiÀÊ vÊ"- Ê LÃiÀÛiÀÃÊ Ì ÀÊi iVÌ ÊÌ iÊV Ã }ÊÜii ÃÊ vÊÓää{ÊÌ ÊÌ iÊÃÌ>ÀÌÊ vÊÌ iÊ iÜÊÞi>À]ÊÌ iÊ"- ½ÃÊ"vv ViÊv ÀÊ i VÀ>Ì VÊ ÃÌ ÌÕÌ ÃÊ> `Ê Õ > Ê, } ÌÃÊ" ,®Ê ViÊ>}> Êv Õ `Ê ÌÃi vÊ ÊÌ iÊÌ V Ê vÊ>ÊV ÌÀ ÛiÀÃ > Êi iVÌ °Ê Ü }Ê>ÊÀÕ }ÊLÞÊ 1 À> i½ÃÊ-Õ«Ài iÊ ÕÀÌÊ Êi>À ÞÊ iVi LiÀ]ÊÜ V Ê Û> `>Ìi`ÊÌ iÊÃiV `ÊÀ Õ `Ê vÊÌ iÊ«ÀiÃ `i Ì > Êi iVÌ Ê ÊÓ£Ê Ûi LiÀ]Ê>ÊÀi ÀÕ ÊÜ>ÃÊÃiÌÊv ÀÊÓÈÊ iVi LiÀ°Ê,i> â }ÊÌ iÊÃ } v V> ViÊ vÊÌ iÊÀiÃV i`Õ i`Ê« ]Ê"- Ê «>ÀÌ V «>Ì }Ê-Ì>ÌiÃÊiÝ«> `i`ÊÌ iÊ ÃÃ ½ÃÊÃ âiÊvÀ ÊÈääÊÌ Ê ÀiÊÌ > Ê>ÊÌ ÕÃ> `Ê LÃiÀÛiÀÃÊvÀ Ê{{ÊV Õ ÌÀ iÃÊ pÊ> Ê> Ì iÊ } ° 9Ê1, 1,Ê 1

,- "// ,

HE LARGEST /3#% ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION EVER A TOTAL OF PER SONNEL INCLUDING PARLIAMENTARIANS FROM THE /3#% AREA TURNED OUT TO BE NOTHING SHORT OF A LOGISTICAL MIRACLE &ACED WITH A MASSIVE ADMINISTRATIVE AND CO ORDINATION TASK MEMBERS OF THE /$)(2 TEAM IN +YIV WERE UNFAZED 4HEY WORKED AROUND THE CLOCK TO FLY IN OBSERVERS ASSIGN ING THEM TO MORE THAN POLLING STATIONS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE COUNTRY HIRING TRANS LATORS AND DRIVERS FOR EACH TWO PERSON TEAM ENSURING THAT EVERYBODY HAD A PLACE TO STAY IN AND ARRANGING THEIR RETURN TO +YIV AND THEIR ONWARD JOURNEY &ORTUNATELY THE ONLY VENUE THAT WAS LARGE ENOUGH TO HOLD BRIEFINGS FOR THE WHOLE GROUP WAS AVAILABLE 5KRAINE S AERONAUTI

-ARCH

CAL INSTITUTE /$)(2 EXPERTS DESCRIBED THE NUANCES OF LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS A MEDIA ANALYST PRESENTED THE FIND INGS OF AN EXTENSIVE FOUR MONTH MONITORING OF THE NATIONAL MEDIA AND A POLITICAL ANALYST SKETCHED THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE 3TEERING THE WHOLE OPERATION WAS THE FORMER (EAD OF THE /3#% 0RESENCE IN !LBANIA !MBASSADOR 'EERT (INRICH !HRENS OF 'ERMANY WHO DELIVERED A MESSAGE OF APPRECIATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT AND GAVE OTHER PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS /N #HRISTMAS EVE PACKED BUSES AND TRAINS TOOK OBSERVERS TO EVERY CORNER OF THE COUNTRY 4HEY LOST NO TIME IN FAMILIARIZING THEMSELVES WITH THEIR ASSIGNED LOCATIONS CHECKING OUT POLLING STATIONS AND MAKING PREPARATIONS FOR THE BIG DAY 0IZZAS AND SANDWICHES WERE THE HOLIDAY FARE FOR MOST -INDFUL OF THE FACT THAT MANY OF THEIR COL

+YIV S )NDEPENDENT 3QUARE GOES hORANGEv 0HOTO /$)(2 5RDUR 'UNNARSDOTTIR

/3#% -AGAZINE

1À`ÕÀÊ Õ >ÀÃ` ÌÌ ÀÊ ÃÊÃ« iÃ«iÀÃ Ê vÊÌ iÊ"vv ViÊv ÀÊ

i VÀ>Ì VÊ ÃÌ ÌÕÌ ÃÊ> `Ê Õ > Ê, } ÌÃ°

4)-%,).% 4HE LARGEST EVER ELECTION OBSERVATION UNDERTAKING OF THE /3#% /$)(2 CULMINATING IN THE THIRD AND FINAL POLL ON $ECEMBER HAD ACTUALLY BEGUN MONTHS EARLIER

,- "// ,

!UGUST 4HE /$)(2 OPENS AN ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION IN +YIV TO OBSERVE THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 4HE MISSION n EXPERTS AND LONG TERM OBSERVERS n FOCUSES ON THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION THE MEDIA SITUATION THE WORK OF THE ELECTION ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER OFFICIAL BODIES AND THE RESOLUTION OF ELECTION RELATED DISPUTES

" ,É1, 1,Ê 1

LEAGUES WERE MISSING OUT ON A SPECIAL CELEBRATION WITH THEIR FAMILIES 5KRAINIAN STAFF TREATED THE EXPERTS IN THE +YIV TEAM TO A #HRISTMAS BUFFET %LECTION DAY $ECEMBER GOT OFF TO A CALM START )T DID NOT TAKE TOO LONG FOR THE CORE STAFF IN +YIV TO REALIZE THAT OBSERVERS ALL OVER THE COUNTRY WERE WITNESSING FAR FEWER IRREGULARITIES THAN IN THE PREVIOUS TWO ROUNDS OF ELECTIONS 4HE FOLLOWING DAY THE MISSION NOTED IN ITS PRELIMINARY STATEMENT THAT DESPITE THE REMAINING SHORTCOMINGS CAMPAIGN CONDITIONS WERE MARKEDLY FAIRER OBSERVERS HAD RECEIVED FEWER REPORTS OF VOTER INTIMIDATION ELECTION ADMINISTRATION WAS MORE TRANSPARENT AND MEDIA COVERAGE WAS MORE BAL ANCED )N SHORT THE ELECTION S REPEAT SECOND ROUND HAD TAKEN 5KRAINE SUBSTANTIALLY CLOSER TO MEETING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS h"UILDING BLOCKS HAVE BEEN PUT IN PLACE FOR FUTURE DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS IN THIS COUNTRY v SAID !MBASSADOR !HRENS AT A PRESS CONFERENCE &ORMER /3#% 0ARLIAMENTARY !SSEMBLY 0RESIDENT "RUCE 'EORGE WHO HEADED THE SHORT TERM OBSERVERS WAS NO LESS UPBEAT h)N OUR JUDGMENT THE PEOPLE OF THIS GREAT COUNTRY CAN BE TRULY PROUD THAT YESTERDAY THEY TOOK A GREAT STEP TOWARDS FREE AND DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS v

-ONITORS GET THEIR /3#% ARMBANDS READY

/CTOBER 3OME SHORT TERM OBSERVERS REINFORCE THE MISSION 4HEY ARE JOINED BY OBSERVERS FROM THE #OUNCIL OF %UROPE AND .!4/ 0ARLIAMENTARY !SSEMBLIES AND FROM THE %UROPEAN 0ARLIAMENT

/CTOBER 0RESIDENTIAL ELECTION TAKES PLACE

.OVEMBER h7ITH A HEAVY HEART WE HAVE TO CONCLUDE THAT THIS ELECTION DID NOT MEET A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF /3#% #OUNCIL OF %UROPE AND OTHER %UROPEAN STANDARDS FOR DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS v SAYS "RUCE 'EORGE IN A STATEMENT h4HE ELECTION PROCESS CONSTITUTES A STEP BACKWARD FROM THE ;PARLIAMENTARY= ELECTIONS x .EVERTHELESS THE VERY HIGH PARTICIPATION OF THE ELECTORATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY SHOWS ENCOURAGING SIGNS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF 5KRAINIAN DEMOCRACY v

4HE +YIV .EWS OF $ECEMBER LED WITH A PICTURE OF /$)(2 $IRECTOR #HRISTIAN 3TROHAL AND SPOKESPERSON 5RDUR 'UNNARSDOTTIR GETTING READY TO MONITOR THE POLLING STATIONS 4HE HEADLINE READS h4HIRD ROUND IS THE MOST COMPLICATEDv

/3#% -AGAZINE

.OVEMBER 4HE #ENTRAL %LECTION #OMMISSION ANNOUNCES THE RESULTS !S BOTH OF THE TWO LEADING CANDIDATES FALL SHORT OF AN ABSOLUTE MAJORITY n 6IKTOR 9ANUKOVYCH HAVING RECEIVED PER CENT AND 6IKTOR 9USHCHENKO PER CENT n ANOTHER ROUND OF VOTING IS SCHEDULED

-ARCH

.OVEMBER 3ECOND ROUND OF VOTING TAKES PLACE

$ECEMBER 4HE SECOND ROUND OF VOTING IS REPEATED

.OVEMBER /BSERVERS ASSESS ELECTION DAY EVEN LESS FAVOURABLY THAN THE FIRST ROUND h7ITH AN EVEN HEAVIER HEART THAN THREE WEEKS AGO ) HAVE TO REPEAT THE MESSAGE FROM THE FIRST ROUND v "RUCE 'EORGE SAYS h4HE %LECTION /BSERVATION -ISSION CONCLUDES THAT THE SECOND ROUND HAS FAILED TO ADDRESS ELECTION IRREGULARITIES AND LACKED TRANSPARENCY 4HE DEFICIENCIES HAVE NOT BEEN ADDRESSED v

" ,É1, 1,Ê 1

,- "// ,

%MPHASIZING THAT THE ELECTORAL PROCESS HAS NOT BEEN CONCLUDED AND URGING TRANSPARENCY ESPECIALLY IN THE TABULATION OF VOTES !MBASSADOR 'EERT (INRICH !HRENS SAYS h7HILE THIS WAS CERTAINLY A COMPETITIVE ELECTION IT WAS NOT CONDUCTED ON A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD v

! 5KRAINIAN CITIZEN MAKES HER VOICE HEARD

$ECEMBER 4HE /3#% /$)(2 MISSION ANNOUNCES IN A PRELIMINARY STATEMENT THAT THE REPEAT SECOND ROUND HAS TAKEN 5KRAINE SUBSTANTIALLY CLOSER TO MEETING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

*ANUARY 6IKTOR 9USHCHENKO IS SWORN IN AS PRESIDENT 'UESTS INCLUDE #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE $IMITRIJ 2UPEL AND 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *ÉN +UBIÝ

" ,É1, 1,Ê 1

,- "// ,

*ANUARY 4HE #ENTRAL %LECTION #OMMISSION ANNOUNCES THAT 6IKTOR 9USHCHENKO HAS WON THE REPEAT SECOND RUN OFF AFTER HE REGISTERS AS LEADING BY PERCENTAGE POINTS

+EEPING VIGIL IN FREEZING TEMPERATURES

" ,É " "

.OVEMBER $ECEMBER AND $ECEMBER (IGH LEVEL ROUNDTABLES WITH THE MAIN POLITICAL ACTORS ARE HELD AT THE PRESIDENTIAL -ARIINSKY 0ALACE TO HELP RESOLVE THE MOUNTING CRISIS /3#% 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *ÉN +UBIÝ TAKES PART AT THE REQUEST OF THE "ULGARIAN #HAIRMANSHIP 4HE INTERNATIONAL MEDIATION EFFORTS PAVE THE WAY FOR THE REPEAT OF THE SECOND ELECTION 5KRAINE INAUGURATES ITS NEW HEAD OF STATE *ANUARY

-ARCH

/3#% -AGAZINE

% 9%7)4.%33 4/ ()34/29

"- Ê` « >VÞÊ Ê>VÌ -i>ÀV }Êv ÀÊ>ÊÃ ÕÌ Ê Ê1 À> i " ÊÓ£Ê Ûi LiÀÊÓää{]Ê>Ê >Ì Ê vÊ{ÇÊ Ê ÊÌ iÊ i>ÀÌÊ vÊÌ iÊ"- Ê>Ài>Êv Õ `Ê ÌÃi vÊv>Vi`ÊÜ Ì Ê ÌÃÊ ÃÌÊ Ì ÞÊ V ÌiÃÌi`Êi iVÌ ÊÃ ViÊ ÌÊ}> i`Ê ì«i ì ViÊ Ê£ £°Ê/ iÊ«ÀiÃ ì Ì > ÊV ÌiÃÌÊ Ê1 À> i]Ê ÜÊ Ê ÌÃÊÃiV `Ê À Õ `]Ê >`ÊÌÕÀ i`Ê Ì Ê ÀiÊÌ > Ê>Ê iÀiÊV «iÌ Ì ÊLiÌÜii ÊÌÜ ÊV> ` `>ÌiÃ°Ê ÀÊÛ ÌiÀÃÊ> `ÊÌ i ÀÊv> iÃ]Ê ÕV Ê ÀiÊÜ>ÃÊ>ÌÊÃÌ> i\ÊÌ iÊV Õ ÌÀÞ½ÃÊvÕÌÕÀiÊ` ÀiVÌ ]Ê>ÃÊi« Ì âi`ÊLÞÊÌÜ Ê` vviÀi ÌÊÛ Ã Ã°ÊÊ

3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *ÉN +UBIÝ LEFT WITH INTERNATIONAL MEDIATORS AND 5KRAINIAN LEADERS $ECEMBER AT THE -ARIINSKY 0ALACE !&0 PHOTO 3ERGEI 3UPINSKY

/3#% -AGAZINE

9Ê" - ,Ê* 6 91

ONG BEFORE THE FIRST ROUND ON /CTOBER MANY OBSERVERS WERE CON VINCED THAT THE ELECTION WOULD HAVE HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE NOT ONLY FOR 5KRAINE BUT ALSO FOR THE #OMMONWEALTH OF )NDEPENDENT 3TATES AND FOR %UROPE .O ONE HOWEVER COULD HAVE FORESEEN THE SUSPENSE AND DRAMA THAT WOULD BUILD UP IN THE COUN TRY AS THE YEAR DREW TO A CLOSE )T ALL STARTED ON THE MORNING OF .OVEMBER WHEN MORE THAN A HUNDRED THOU SAND 5KRAINIANS GATHERED AT +YIV S -AIDAN .EZALEZHNOSTI )NDEPENDENCE 3QUARE PRO TESTING AGAINST WHAT THEY PERCEIVED AS BLA TANTLY FRAUDULENT PRACTICES THE DAY BEFORE 4HEIR NUMBERS WERE TO GROW WITH EVERY PASSING DAY )N A SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY MILLIONS FLOODED INTO THE STREETS

&OR STRAIGHT DAYS AND NIGHTS MEN AND WOMEN YOUNG AND OLD RICH AND POOR 5KRAINIAN AND 2USSIAN SPEAKING KEPT VIGIL ON -AIDAN OFTEN IN FREEZING TEMPERATURES 4HE ENTIRE CAPITAL WAS TRANSFORMED INTO A LANDSCAPE OF BRIGHT ORANGE THE CAMPAIGN COLOUR OF THE OPPOSITION PARTY /RANGE FLAGS FLUTTERED FROM CARS AND BALCONIES ORANGE RIBBONS ADORNED TREE BRANCHES AND EVERYONE WORE SOMETHING IN ORANGE A HAT A SCARF OR A SWEATER )T WAS THIS EMOTIONALLY CHARGED POLITI CALLY UNCERTAIN AND POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE SITUATION THAT SET THE STAGE FOR THE /3#% S PARTICIPATION IN AN URGENTLY INITIATED INTER NATIONAL MEDIATION EFFORT 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *ÉN +UBIÝ ARRIVED IN +YIV IN THE EARLY AFTER NOON OF .OVEMBER HAVING BEEN ASKED TO REPRESENT THE /RGANIZATION BY THE /3#% #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE "ULGARIAN &OREIGN -INISTER 3OLOMON 0ASSY ,AMBERTO :ANNIER $IRECTOR OF THE #ONFLICT 0REVENTION #ENTRE

-ARCH

AND ) HAD FLOWN IN EARLIER AND WERE STANDING BY TO PROVIDE SUPPORT &ROM THE AIRPORT WE WHISKED THE 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL TO A BILATERAL MEETING WITH DEPARTING 0RESIDENT ,EONID +UCHMA (E WAS SPENDING THE LAST FEW WEEKS OF HIS PRESIDENCY IN HIS OFFICIAL RESIDENCE OUTSIDE THE CITY !S WE DROVE THROUGH THE SNOW COV ERED WOODS ) FELT UNIQUELY PRIVILEGED AS A 5KRAINIAN BORN STAFF MEMBER OF THE LARGEST SECURITY ORGANIZATION IN %UROPE TO BE TAK ING PART IN THE MAKING OF HISTORY IN MY OWN COUNTRY !FTER THE ONE HOUR MEETING WE PROCEEDED TO OUR NEXT APPOINTMENT DISCUSSIONS WITH THE LEADER OF THE DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION 6IKTOR 9USHCHENKO 7E FOUND HIS ELECTION HEADQUARTERS IN 0ODIL THE HISTORIC PART OF THE CITY BUZZING WITH REVOLUTIONARY FERVOUR 0EOPLE EXUDED CONVICTION AND DEEP CONFI DENCE IN THEIR CAUSE 4HAT EVENING THE FIRST OF WHAT WAS TO BE A SERIES OF hROUNDTABLEv MEETINGS WAS HELD IN THE PRESIDENTIAL -ARIINSKY 0ALACE IN CEN TRAL +YIV 0RESIDENT !LEKSANDER +WASNIEWSKI OF 0OLAND 0RESIDENT 6ALDAS !DAMKUS OF ,ITHUANIA %5 (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE *AVIER 3OLANA /3#% 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *ÉN +UBIÝ AND 3PEAKER OF THE 2USSIAN 3TATE $UMA "ORIS 'RIZLOV WERE JOINED BY THE CENTRAL FIG URES IN 5KRAINE S CRISIS 0RESIDENT +UCHMA #HAIRMAN OF THE 6ERKHOVNA 2ADA PARLIA MENT 6OLODYMYR ,YTVYN AND THE TWO PRESI DENTIAL CONTENDERS 6IKTOR 9USHCHENKO AND 6IKTOR 9ANUKOVYCH 4HE MEETING PROVED TO BE A TIMELY AND GROUND BREAKING CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEAS URE )T WAS THE FIRST FACE TO FACE ENCOUNTER BETWEEN THE TWO CAMPS SINCE THE ELEC TION 4ENSION AND UNEASE WERE IN THE AIR 'RADUALLY HOWEVER THIS GAVE WAY TO DIA LOGUE A MAJOR FEAT GIVEN THE WIDE CHASM BETWEEN THE TWO SIDES 4HE /3#% S PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AND CON CLUSIONS CONCERNING THE SECOND ROUND OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION SERVED AS THE SPRING BOARD FOR DISCUSSIONS #ITING THE REPORT OF THE /FFICE FOR $EMOCRATIC )NSTITUTIONS AND (UMAN 2IGHTS /$)(2 THE 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL POINTED OUT THAT hTHE SECOND ROUND OF THE 5KRAINIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION DID NOT MEET A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF /3#% COM MITMENTS AND #OUNCIL OF %UROPE AND OTHER %UROPEAN STANDARDS FOR DEMOCRATIC ELEC TIONSv 4HIS FIRST MEETING ENDED WITH A JOINT STATEMENT URGING ALL SIDES TO REFRAIN FROM THE USE OF FORCE AND TO START NEGOTIATIONS TOWARDS A PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF THE POLITICAL STALEMATE !LTHOUGH THE 5KRAINIAN LEADERS

-ARCH

AND THE CITIZENS THEMSELVES WERE THE KEY PLAYERS THE ENGAGEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL MEDIATORS AT THE ROUNDTABLE TALKS AS WELL AS IN THE FLURRY OF BEHIND THE SCENES DIPLO MACY WAS ESSENTIAL TO MAINTAINING THE MOMENTUM OF THE COMPLEX PROCESS ! SECOND MEETING WAS HELD ON $ECEMBER FOLLOWED BY A THIRD ON $ECEMBER 4HE LATTER LASTED SIX HOURS ENDING ONLY AFTER A M THE NEXT DAY REFLECTING THE GENERAL INTRANSIGENCE ON BOTH SIDES !T A PARTICULARLY TRYING MOMENT THE HEADS OF DELEGATION SECLUDED THEMSELVES IN ANOTHER ROOM TO TRY TO COME UP WITH AN AGREEMENT AMONG THEMSELVES 4HE REST OF US WAITED ANXIOUSLY AND IMPATIENTLY EXCHANG ING VIEWS AND TRYING HARD TO FIGHT EXHAUS TION AND DROWSINESS %VERYONE WAS EAGER TO BRING ABOUT A POSITIVE OUTCOME 7HEN 0ARLIAMENTARY #HAIRMAN ,YTVYN EMERGED FROM BEHIND CLOSED DOORS AND SHOOK HIS HEAD LOOKING DEJECTED ) REAL IZED OUR OPTIMISM HAD BEEN PREMATURE THE MEETING WAS TO CONCLUDE WITHOUT AN AGREE MENT AFTER ALL ALTHOUGH A STATEMENT TO THE PRESS WAS ISSUED 4HE DISCUSSIONS DID SERVE TO CREATE A SOUND BASIS FOR THE CRITICAL COMPROMISE REACHED THE NEXT DAY $ECEMBER AT THE 6ERKHOVNA 2ADA WHICH IN TURN PAVED THE WAY FOR THE REPEAT OF THE SECOND ROUND OF ELECTIONS ON $ECEMBER

0EOPLE S FACES REFLECTED DETERMINATION WHILE RADIATING PEACE AND GOOD CHEER 0HOTO /$)(2 5RDUR 'UNNARSDOTTIR

/3#% -AGAZINE

4HE MOOD WAS FESTIVE AT THE INAUGURAL CEREMONY OF 5KRAINE S NEW LEADER 0HOTO /3#% "/"/

" i Ã> `ÀÊ*>Û ÞÕ Ê ÃÊ VÌ }Ê i>`Ê vÊÌ iÊ "- Ê-iVÀiÌ>À >Ì½ÃÊ ÝÌiÀ > Ê «iÀ>Ì Ê -iVÌ °

/3#% -AGAZINE

LAST BUT NOT LEAST THE CORDIAL PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN *ÉN +UBIÝ AND SEVER AL 5KRAINIAN LEADERS ! FEW DAYS AFTER THE MUCH HERALDED COMPROMISE WAS REACHED IN THE 6ERKHOVNA 2ADA #HAIRMAN ,YTVYN WROTE A LETTER TO THE 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL EXPRESSING hSINCERE GRATITUDEv FOR HIS ACTIVE PARTICIPA TION IN RESOLVING THE POLITICAL CRISIS (E WAS CONFIDENT THAT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 5KRAINE 4HE SOLUTION SAID 5KRAINIAN &OREIGN AND THE /3#% WOULD BECOME EVEN CLOSER -INISTER +OSTYANTYN 'RYSHCHENKO IN A LETTER AND WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO hSTRENGTHENING OF APPRECIATION TO THE 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL WAS PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE %URO !TLANTIC SPACE hCIVILIZED LEGAL AND MOST IMPORTANTLY NON AND IN THE WORLDv VIOLENTv 4HE BROAD PACKAGE OF AGREEMENTS 4HE SERIES OF VISITS LEFT ME WITH MANY IN PARLIAMENT INCLUDED AMENDMENTS TO THE DEEP AND LASTING IMPRESSIONS 4HERE WAS THE ,AW ON %LECTION OF THE 0RESIDENT OF 5KRAINE NIGHT AFTER THE FIRST MEETING WHEN WE WENT THAT WERE SPECIFICALLY MEANT TO PREVENT FRAUD WITHOUT ANY SLEEP AS OUR HOTEL ROOMS WERE AND FALSIFICATION !NOTHER SET OF INTENDED ALMOST DIRECTLY FACING )NDEPENDENCE 3QUARE AMENDMENTS FOCUSED ON CHANGES TO THE WHICH WAS PULSATING WITH NON STOP ENERGY CONSTITUTION OF 5KRAINE AIMED AT REFORMING 4HERE WAS ONE EVENING WHEN THE THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND MAINTAINING A BETTER 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL AND ) DELIBERATELY SOUGHT BALANCE BETWEEN THE BRANCHES OF POWER OUT A CLOSER LOOK AT THE ACTION ON -AIDAN "ESIDES PARTICIPATING IN THE ROUNDTABLE 7E WERE OVERWHELMED BY WHAT WE SAW MEETINGS WE ALSO HELD NUMEROUS BILATERAL A SEA OF HUMANITY AS FAR AS ONE COULD SEE MEETINGS WITH 0ARLIAMENTARY #HAIRMAN DOMINATED BY ORANGE AND BLUE AND YELLOW ,YTVYN PRESIDENTIAL CONTENDER AND 0RIME 5KRAINIAN FLAGS WITH SPLASHES OF 'EORGIAN -INISTER 6IKTOR 9ANUKOVYCH LEADERS OF THE ,ITHUANIAN 0OLISH AND 2USSIAN BANNERS OPPOSITION 9ULIYA 4YMOSHENKO AND "ORYS 0EOPLE S FACES REFLECTED DETERMINATION AND 4ARASYUK &OREIGN -INISTER 'RYSHCHENKO AND SELF DISCIPLINE BUT AT THE SAME TIME RADIATED THE 2USSIAN AND !MERICAN !MBASSADORS TO A FEELING OF PEACE AND GOOD CHEER 5KRAINE !NOTHER MEMORABLE INCIDENT TOOK PLACE "Y THE TIME THE CRISIS WAS OVER 3ECRETARY ON OUR WAY FROM ONE MEETING TO ANOTHER 'ENERAL +UBIÝ HAD VISITED +YIV FOUR TIMES /UR CAR WAS BLOCKED BY DEMONSTRATORS AND WITHIN A DAY PERIOD )N EVERY SINGLE DIS IT TOOK ABOUT AN HOUR AND THE PERSONAL CUSSION WITH 5KRAINE S LEADERS HE REMAINED INTERVENTION OF 9ULIYA 4YMOSHENKO NOW FOCUSED ON HIS CORE MESSAGE 2EFRAIN FROM 0RIME -INISTER BEFORE WE COULD GET THE USE OF FORCE AND PROCEED WITH POLITI GOING AGAIN CAL DIALOGUE (E ALSO EXPRESSED THE /3#% S ,OOKING BACK ) REALIZE NOW THAT THE COMMITMENT AND READINESS TO DO EVERYTHING PEOPLE S UNBOWED SPIRIT THAT EMERGED POSSIBLE TO HELP ENSURE THAT THE REPEAT OF THE FROM THE h/RANGE 2EVOLUTIONv IS THE BEST VOTE ON $ECEMBER WOULD BE FREE FAIR AND GUARANTEE THAT 5KRAINE WILL ULTIMATELY COME TRANSPARENT INTO ITS OWN 4HE /3#% STANDS READY TO 3EVERAL ASPECTS OF THE /3#% S CON CONTINUE PLAYING ITS PART IN THE COUNTRY S STRUCTIVE ROLE HAD BECOME APPARENT THE PROGRESSIVE STEPS TOWARDS DEMOCRATIZATION /RGANIZATION S IMPARTIALITY ITS INTERNATION WHETHER THROUGH THE OFFICE OF THE 0ROJECT ALLY RECOGNIZED ELECTION STANDARDS ITS OUT #O ORDINATOR IN 5KRAINE OR BY SENDING STANDING REPUTATION IN ELECTION MONITORING OBSERVERS TO THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN ITS PROFESSIONAL TRACK RECORD IN 5KRAINE AND LATE -ARCH

-ARCH

/ iÊ iÜÊ9 À Ê / iÃÊ} iÃÊ ÊÌ iÊ À >`Ê Ê >â> ÃÌ> ÕÀ > Ã Ê >ÃÌiÀÊV >ÃÃiÃÊ Àiv iVÌÊÃ« À ÌÊ vÊ i Ã / iÊ }ÊÀ >`ÊvÀ Ê i Ã ÊÌ ÊÌ iÊÜ `ÃÜi«ÌÊÃÌi««iÃÊ vÊ i ÌÀ> Ê Ã >ÊÌ Ê iÊ> ÃÌÊÌ ÀiiÊìV>ìÃÊÌ ÊÌÀ>Ûi °Ê ÃÊ>Êv Ài } Ê V ÀÀiÃ« ì ÌÊv ÀÊ/ iÊ iÜÊ9 À Ê/ iÃ]Ê Ê >`ÊV ÛiÀi`ÊÌ iÊVÀi>Ì Ê Ê£ ÇxÊ vÊÜ >ÌÊ ÃÊ ÜÊÌ iÊ"À}> â>Ì Êv ÀÊ-iVÕÀ ÌÞÊ> `Ê «iÀ>Ì Ê Ê ÕÀ «i°Ê/ > ÃÊÌ ÊÌ iÊ"- ]Ê Êv Õ `Ê ÞÃi vÊ ÊÌ iÊ L>V ÊÀ Ê vÊ>ÊÃ > ÊÀiÃÌ>ÕÀ> ÌÊ Ê ÞâÞÊ À`>]Ê >â> ÃÌ> ]Ê Ê

iVi LiÀÊÓää{]ÊÌi>V }Ê>ÊÃV ÀiÊ vÊi Ì ÕÃ >ÃÌ VÊ V> Ê ÕÀ > ÃÌÃÊ Ì iÊL>Ã VÃÊ vÊ7iÃÌiÀ ÃÌÞ iÊÀi« ÀÌ }Ê> `Ê iÜÃ ÜÀ Ì }° 9Ê , -/"* ,Ê-°Ê7,

-ASTER CLASS PARTICIPANTS WITH 4HE .EW 9ORK 4IMES 0HOTO 4ANYA "OGUSEVICH #ENTRE IN !LMATY

-ARCH

HE /3#% HAS BECOME A FAMILY AFFAIR -Y SON #HRIS A TRIAL LAWYER IN .EW 9ORK #ITY WORKED DURING HIS LAW SCHOOL VACATION IN AS AN ELECTION MONITOR FOR THE /3#% IN THE "OSNIAN CITY OF "RCKO 3O IT SEEMED LOGICAL THAT AFTER RETIR ING FROM NEARLY YEARS AT 4HE 4IMES ) SHOULD SIGN ON AS A MEDIA CONSULTANT AND TRAINER FOR THE /3#% IN +AZAKHSTAN WHICH BELONGED TO THE 3OVIET 5NION WHEN ) FIRST VISITED IT AS BUREAU CHIEF IN -OSCOW /N ANOTHER TRIP TO +AZAKHSTAN FOR THE 7ASHINGTON BASED )NTERNATIONAL #ENTER FOR *OURNALISTS IN ) MET "EATA -ARTIN 2OZUMILOWICZ POLITICAL AND MEDIA OFFICER AT THE /3#% #ENTRE IN !LMATY 3HE INVITED ME TO CONDUCT A SERIES OF MASTER CLASSES FOR YOUNG +AZAKHSTANI JOURNALISTS ) DEVELOPED A TWO DAY INTENSIVE SEMI NAR IN REPORTING AND EDITING AND TOOK IT TO CITIES AND TOWNS AROUND +AZAKHSTAN FROM &EBRUARY TO $ECEMBER !STANA !TYRAU !KTAU !KTOBE +ARAGANDY +OSTANAI +OKSHETAU +YZY ,ORDA 3HYMKENT AND /RAL )AN -AC7ILLIAM A CORRESPONDENT FOR THE ""# IN !LMATY HELD SIMILAR MASTER CLASSES IN FIVE OTHER CITIES .INE OF THE CLASSES WERE FUNDED BY THE $ELEGATION OF THE 5NITED +INGDOM TO THE /3#% 4HE (ELSINKI &INAL !CT WHICH ) REPORTED ON FROM THE &INNISH CAPITAL IN PLEDGED THE SIGNATORY NATIONS TO ENCOURAGE SUCH EXCHANGES OF EXPERIENCE BETWEEN EXPERTS IN

THE PRESS RADIO AND TELEVISION h4HE MASTER CLASS v ONE OF MY STUDENTS IN !STANA WROTE AFTERWARDS hREMINDED ME HOW IMPORTANT IT IS NOT TO FORGET THE BASIC PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THE PROFESSION OF A JOURNALIST IS BASED v !LTHOUGH ) HAVE TAUGHT AT 0RINCETON 5NIVERSITY AND $ARTMOUTH #OLLEGE IN THE 5NITED 3TATES ) MADE IT CLEAR THAT ) HAD COME TO +AZAKHSTAN AS A COLLEAGUE SHARING THE KNOWLEDGE THAT ) HAD ACCUMULATED DUR ING YEARS AS A WORKING JOURNALIST h.OT EVERYTHING WOULD WORK HERE v ONE OF THE PARTICIPANTS DEMURRED ) AGREED ) INVITED THEM TO CHALLENGE MODIFY OR DISCARD ANYTHING ) SAID BECAUSE WE !MERICANS HAD NO MONOPOLY ON THE TRUTH ) DIDN T CARE WHAT THEY WROTE ) SAID BUT ) WANTED THEM TO LEARN TO DO IT WELL 4HE IDEA BEHIND THE MASTER CLASSES WAS TO HONE THE PROFESSIONAL SKILLS OF JOURNAL ISTS MOST OF WHOM ARE STILL TRYING TO OVER COME THE LEGACY OF THE OLD 3OVIET 5NION WHICH TAUGHT JOURNALISTS TO FUNCTION AS PROPAGANDISTS 4HIS ROLE HAS CHANGED IN +AZAKHSTAN BUT MANY JOURNALISM SCHOOLS HAVEN T ! DEVELOPING DEMOCRACY NEEDS AN INDEPENDENT MEDIA NOT JUST TO HELP CITIZENS MAKE INFORMED CHOICES BUT ALSO TO FUNCTION AS A WATCHDOG AGAINST OFFICIAL OR UNOFFICIAL MISFEASANCE 7 - Ê,1 -

-Y STUDENTS COMPLAINED THAT THEIR OWN JOURNALISM SCHOOLS WERE LONG ON THEORY AND SHORT ON PRACTICE h)N TWO DAYS WE HAVE COVERED A VOLUME OF INFORMATION WHICH WOULD HAVE TAKEN ONE YEAR AT A UNIVERSITY v ONE TOLD ME AFTER THE MASTER CLASS !NOTHER SAID SHE HAD HEARD OF NEWSPAPERS LIKE 4HE .EW 9ORK 4IMES BUT HAD NEVER SEEN A COPY BEFORE ) BROUGHT SOME TO THE MASTER CLASS -Y CLASSES CONDUCTED IN 2USSIAN WITH SOME ADDITIONAL TRANSLATION INTO +AZAKH

/3#% -AGAZINE

STRESSED SOME WHIMSICAL RULES h4HERE IT S VERY IMPORTANT TO BE PROFESSIONAL v IS NO SUCH THING AS A STUPID QUESTION v 4HERE WERE ONLY A FEW COMPLAINTS 4HE h4HREE SECRETS OF SATISFYING YOUR READER ARE PARTICIPANTS MOSTLY REGRETTED THAT THE MAS TO EXPLAIN EXPLAIN AND EXPLAIN v h)F YOUR TER CLASSES DID NOT RUN LONGER THAN THE MOTHER SAYS SHE LOVES YOU CHECK IT OUT v TWO DAYS ALLOCATED FOR EACH CITY 7HEN ) 7E DISCUSSED HOW TO WRITE COMPELLING SHOWED THEM HOW TO PICK APART A SAMPLE HEADLINES AND HOW TO EMPLOY NUMBERS PRESS RELEASE TO FIND THE LARGER STORY ONE AND STATISTICS IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE READER JOURNALIST PROTESTED h7E RE NOT ALLOWED TO COULD UNDERSTAND THEM ) OFFERED SOME TIPS DO THAT 7E HAVE TO PUBLISH WHAT WE ARE ON CONDUCTING A PRODUCTIVE INTERVIEW 7E GIVEN v h"UT v ) REPLIED hNOW YOU LL KNOW TRIED BRAINSTORMING TO THINK UP BETTER IDEAS HOW TO DO IT WHENEVER YOU CAN v !NOTHER FOR STORIES ASKED ABOUT INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING WHICH ) 4OWNS AND CITIES IN ) SKETCHED OUT THE DISTINCTION THAT +AZAKHSTAN THAT BENEFITED !MERICAN JOURNALISTS MAKE BETWEEN REPORT FROM JOURNALISM ING ANALYSIS AND OPINION ) DISTRIB MASTER CLASSES UTED MORE ADVICE IN THE FORM OF HANDOUTS TRANSLATED INTO 2USSIAN 7E WOUND UP DEBATING THE ETH

ICS OF JOURNALISM AND EXAMPLES OF DILEMMAS CONFRONTING REPORTERS AROUND THE WORLD 3OME STUDENTS SAID THEY MOST LIKED THE ETHICAL DISCUSSIONS WHILE OTHERS PREFERRED THE PRACTICAL APPLI CATIONS 4HEY PEPPERED ME WITH QUESTIONS ABOUT JOURNAL ISM IN THE 5NITED 3TATES h7HAT CAN T YOU WRITE v ONE WANTED TO KNOW ) EXPLAINED THAT !MERICANS WERE FORTUNATE TO HAVE A CONSTITUTION THAT

À ÃÌ « iÀÊ-°Ê7Ài Ê ENSHRINED FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WHICH LEFT SAID WAS NOTHING MORE THAN PAINSTAKING IN Ü À i`Êv ÀÊ/ iÊ iÜÊ US FREE TO RANGE FROM THE WORST TO THE BEST DEPTH REPORTING 9 À Ê/ iÃÊv ÀÊ> ÃÌÊ !SKED TO COMPARE JOURNALISTS IN 7HILE ) TENDED TO SPEAK ABOUT NEWSPA Ì ÀiiÊìV>ìÃ]Ê Û }Ê +AZAKHSTAN WITH THEIR 7ESTERN PEERS ) PERS MORE THAN A FEW PARTICIPANTS CAME £ÇÊÞi>ÀÃÊ>LÀ >`Ê>ÃÊ>Ê REPLIED THAT +AZAKHSTANIS HAD TO WORK FROM RADIO AND TELEVISION OUTLETS h"ECAUSE v Ài } ÊV ÀÀiÃ« ì Ì°Ê HARDER TO PRY OUT THE SAME AMOUNT OF INFOR ) WORK FOR TELEVISION ) WAS SLIGHTLY DISCOUR iÊÜ>ÃÊV ivÊ vÊÌ iÊ MATION )T WAS MORE REVEALING ) ADDED TO AGED AT FIRST BUT THEN ) GOT VERY INTERESTED v / iÃÊ iÜÃÊLÕÀi>ÕÃÊ COMPARE JOURNALISTS IN +AZAKHSTAN WITH ONE CORRESPONDENT SAID h)T IS NOT IMPORTANT Ê ÃV Ü]Ê > À ]Ê i }]Ê"ÌÌ>Ü>Ê> `Ê THEIR PREDECESSORS IN THE 3OVIET 5NION WHETHER YOU WORK FOR A NEWSPAPER OR TEL BECAUSE TODAY THEY WERE SO VASTLY SUPERIOR EVISION v ) REPLIED h7HAT IS MOST IMPORTANT > iÃLÕÀ}]Ê> `Ê >ÌiÀÊV ÛiÀi`ÊÌ iÊ !T OUR FINAL MASTER CLASS IN !STANA IS THAT YOU ARE A JOURNALIST AND THE BASIC 1 Ìi`Ê >Ì Ã°Ê ÃÊ>Ê PRINCIPLES IN OUR WORK ARE COMMON FOR ALL v !MBASSADOR )VAR 6IKKI (EAD OF THE /3#% } ÌÊ ÌiÀ >Ì > Ê 4HE WARMTH OF THE RESPONSES STARTLED #ENTRE IN !LMATY STOPPED BY AND ADDRESSED *ÀiÃÃÊ i Ü]Ê iÊÃ«i ÌÊ ME )N +YZY ,ORDA STUDENTS QUEUED UP TO THE STUDENTS IN FLAWLESS 2USSIAN 6IKKI Ã ÝÊ Ì ÃÊ Ê-Ì°Ê GET MY AUTOGRAPH MAKING ME FEEL LIKE A A GRACIOUS CAREER DIPLOMAT FROM .ORWAY *iÌiÀÃLÕÀ}]ÊÌÀ> }Ê ROCK STAR "UT THEY WERE AS THRILLED TO MEET STAYED FOR LUNCH AND RETURNED THAT EVENING ÕÀ > ÃÌÃ]Ê> `ÊÀiVi Ì ÞÊ ONE ANOTHER AND TO SWAP E MAIL ADDRESSES TO AWARD THE CERTIFICATES OF COMPLETION >ÃÃ ÃÌi`Ê ì«i ì ÌÊ SO THEY COULD KEEP IN TOUCH h)T WAS NICE TO iÜÃ«>«iÀÃÊ Êv ÛiÊ ,ÕÃÃ > Ê«À Û V > Ê , ,Ê-/",9 REALIZE THAT WE HAVE MUCH IN COMMON v A V Ì iÃ° $ID THE MASTER CLASSES MAKE ANY REAL DIF YOUNG MAN SAID FERENCE ) WOULD POINT TO THE EVALUATIONS 4HE /3#% HAS LOFTIER ROLES TO PLAY IN THAT WE ASKED THE PARTICIPANTS TO FILL OUT TO SECURITY CONCERNS ECONOMIC CO OPERATION LEARN WHAT WE COULD DO BETTER h) VE HEARD AND THE HIGH VISIBILITY MONITORING OF ELEC A LOT OF USEFUL THINGS AND OBTAINED ANSWERS TIONS "UT THE MASTER CLASSES FOR JOURNALISTS TO QUESTIONS THAT ) VE WANTED TO ASK FOR A ALSO REFLECT THE LETTER AND THE SPIRIT OF THE LONG TIME v SAID ONE PARTICIPANT IN !STANA ORIGINAL (ELSINKI &INAL !CT OF !T LEAST !NOTHER SAID h4HE SEMINAR REMINDED ME ) THINK SO BECAUSE ) WAS THERE TOO

/3#% -AGAZINE

-ARCH

0OLISH MEDIA PROFESSIONALS SHARE EXPERTISE

9 Ê-1< 9 "6

-ORE THAN JUNIOR JOURNALISTS AGED TO COMPLETED ONE OF THE MASTER CLASSES HELD ALL ACROSS +AZAKHSTAN IN 4HE BEST PARTICIPANTS FROM THE REGIONS WERE SENT ON A TWO WEEK PROFESSIONAL INTERNSHIP IN 0OLAND WHERE THEY TOURED NEWSROOMS AND RADIO AND TELEVISION STATIONS AND EXCHANGED VIEWS WITH LEADING LOCAL JOURNALISTS 4HE INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME WAS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE /3#% #ENTRE IN !LMATY AND THE 0OLISH #ZECH 3LOVAK 3OLIDARITY &OUNDATION WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE 0OLISH %MBASSY IN +AZAKHSTAN ,EARNING FROM 0OLAND

*UNIOR JOURNALISTS IN !TYRAU REALIZE hUNATTAINABLE DREAMv "Y )LIYA !GAYEV

/ 9 Ê " 1- 6 É /, Ê Ê /9

HERE WAS NOT A SINGLE EMPTY SEAT AT A TWO DAY SEMINAR FOR BUDDING JOURNALISTS IN !TYRAU KNOWN AS THE hOIL CAPITAL OF +AZAKHSTANv .OTE THAT MY COUNTRY HAS MANY CAPITALS .OT TOO MANY YOUNG PEOPLE ARE INVOLVED IN JOURNALISM IN THIS WESTERN CITY OF SO THE LEVEL OF ATTENDANCE WAS A MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT IN ITSELF 7HAT S MORE THE SEMINAR ORGANIZERS MANAGED TO DRAW IN JOURNALISM STUDENTS FROM THE LOCAL UNIVERSITY -OST OF THEM INCLUDING THE MOST SENIOR HAVE HAD EXTREMELY LIMITED THEORETICAL AND EVEN LESS PRACTICAL TRAINING

*OURNALISTS EXAMINE A NEWSPAPER WITH A CRITICAL EYE

-ARCH

4HANKS TO THE FAIRLY LARGE MEDIA MARKET AND THE RELATIVELY FREQUENT TRAINING SESSIONS AND SEMINARS IN !LMATY AND !STANA +AZAKHSTAN S OLD AND NEW CAPITAL CITIES JUNIOR REPORTERS SOMEHOW MANAGE TO DEVELOP THEIR SKILLS AND SUPPLEMENT THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED AT UNIVERSITY (OWEVER FOR THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF THEIR COLLEAGUES IN THE OTHER REGIONS PARTICIPATION IN EVENTS OF THIS KIND REMAINS AN UNATTAINABLE DREAM AND THEY ARE FORCED TO MAKE DO WITH WHAT LITTLE IS ON OFFER LOCALLY 3INCE THE MOST TALENTED REGIONAL JOURNALISTS USUALLY SEEK WORK IN THE CAPITAL CITIES THEIR YOUNG ASPIRING COLLEAGUES FROM THE PROVINCES OFTEN HAVE NO ONE TO LOOK UP TO FROM WHOM THEY CAN GAIN EXPERIENCE #HRISTOPHER 7REN OUR PRINCIPAL TRAINER IS A JOURNALIST WITH SOME THREE DECADES WORTH OF EXPERIENCE WORKING UNDER THE MOST VARIED AND DIFFICULT CONDITIONS (OWEVER SKILLS ALONE EVEN THE VERY BEST ARE OFTEN NOT ENOUGH TO MAKE SOMEONE AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER 7HAT IS ALSO REQUIRED IS A SPECIAL TALENT TO ENABLE THE TRAINER TO PASS ON KNOWLEDGE IN A WAY THAT IS ACCESSIBLE TO BEGINNERS 4HIS IS EXACTLY WHERE -R 7REN WAS AT HIS BEST !N EXCELLENTLY STRUCTURED PROGRAMME TRAINING MODULES THAT

TOOK INTO ACCOUNT THE PRIMARY NEEDS OF NEOPHYTE REPORTERS ACCESSIBLE LANGUAGE A WILLINGNESS TO ANSWER QUESTIONS AND FINALLY PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENTS DESIGNED TO CONSOLIDATE THE KNOWLEDGE CONVEYED THESE WERE THE ELEMENTS THAT MADE THE SEMINAR SO SPECIAL 7HAT WAS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT WAS THAT THE TRAINER HAD AN EXCELLENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE SITUATION CON CERNING JOURNALISM IN THE POST 3OVIET ENVIRONMENT "ECAUSE OF HIS PREVIOUS WORK IN THE OLD 3OVIET 5NION HE WAS ABLE TO COMPARE JOURNALISM THEN AND NOW ) BELIEVE IT IS FAIR TO SAY THAT THE TWO DAY SEMINAR IN !TYRAU WAS A NOTABLE EVENT IN THE PROFESSIONAL LIFE OF THE REGION S UP AND COMING JOURNALISTS LIKE MYSELF )LIYA !GAYEV TOOK PART IN THE PILOT MASTER CLASS FOR YOUNG JOURNALISTS ORGANIZED BY THE /3#% #ENTRE IN !LMATY IN &EBRUARY (E NOW WORKS FOR THE %POKHA WEEKLY NEWSPAPER IN !LMATY

/3#% -AGAZINE

4HIRTY YEARS AGO IN 4HE .EW 9ORK 4IMES

#HRISTOPHER 3 7REN WAS PART OF A TEAM OF .EW 9ORK 4IMES CORRESPONDENTS WHO FILED DETAILED AND ANALYTICAL ARTICLES FROM (ELSINKI OVER SEVERAL DAYS IN THE SUMMER OF 4HEY WERE AMONG THE HORDES OF JOURNALISTS WHO DESCENDED ON THE &INNISH CAPITAL TO REPORT ON ONE OF THE BIGGEST STORIES OF THE POST 3ECOND 7ORLD 7AR PERIOD THE HISTORIC #ONFERENCE ON 3ECURITY AND #O OPERATION IN %UROPE AND THE SIGNING OF THE h&INAL !CTv A WORD DOCUMENT WHICH IS WIDELY CONSIDERED TO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE END OF %AST 7EST CONFRONTATION AND TO HAVE PROVIDED IMPETUS FOR DEMOCRATIC CHANGE THAT LED TO THE END OF THE #OLD 7AR &OLLOWING ARE EXCERPTS FROM -R 7REN S HUMAN INTEREST NEWS COVERAGE REPRODUCED WITH HIS PERMISSION

i Ã Ê}ÀiiÌÃÊÛ Ã Ì ÀÃÊ> `Ê}Õ>À`ÃÊÌ i ÊÜi ° >V Ê vÊÌi Ã ]ÊÜ>ÃÊ ÌÌ iÊÃ ÀÌÊ vÊ ÃÌ À V° - ]Ê Õ ÞÊÓ ÊpÊ-ÌÀ }i ÌÊÃiVÕÀ ÌÞÊ i>ÃÕÀiÃÊ vÌiÀÊ> Êi V Õ ÌiÀÊLiÌÜii ÊÌ iÊ- Û iÌÊ i>ìÀ]Ê i `Ê ÌÀÕì`Ê ÊÌ iÊi>ÃÞ } }Ê«>ViÊ vÊÌ ÃÊÃ > ÊV>« °Ê Àiâ iÛ]Ê> `Ê*ÀiÃ ì ÌÊ6> jÀÞÊ ÃV>À`Ê`½ ÃÌ> }Ê Ì> ÊÌ `>Þ]Ê>ÃÊ >Ì > Ê i>ìÀÃÊ>ÀÀ Ûi`ÊvÀ ÊÌ À Õ} ÕÌÊ vÊ À> Vi]Ê>Ê Ài V Ê vv V > Ê` ÃV Ãi`ÊÌ >ÌÊ À°Ê ÃV>À`Ê ÕÀ «iÊ> `Ê ÀÌ Ê iÀ V>Êv ÀÊÌ iÊÃÕ Ì iÛi ÊV V Õ `½ ÃÌ> }ÊÜ Õ `Ê«>ÞÊ>Êv À > ÊÛ Ã ÌÊÌ ÊÌ iÊ- Û iÌÊ1 Ê Ã Ê vÊÌ iÊÎx >Ì Ê ÕÀ «i> Ê-iVÕÀ ÌÞÊ viÀi Vi° Ê ` "VÌ LiÀ°Ê ÌÊ ÃÊ ÊÀiÌÕÀ Êv ÀÊÌ iÊÛ Ã ÌÊ À°Ê Àiâ iÛÊ > `Ê ÃÊ ÃÌÊÌ ÊÌ iÊÌ Àii `>ÞÊÃiÃÃ ]ÊÜ V Ê «i ÃÊ >ìÊÌ Ê À> ViÊ >ÃÌÊ iVi LiÀ° Ì ÀÀ Ü]ÊÜ Ì ÊiÛiÀÞÊ >Ì Ê Ê ÕÀ «iÊiÝVi«ÌÊ L> >Ê `Ê> ÊÌ iÊ } iÛi ÊiÝV > }iÃ]Ê*ÀiÃ ì ÌÊ1À Ê «>ÀÌ V «>Ì }]Ê« ÕÃÊÌ iÊ1 Ìi`Ê-Ì>ÌiÃÊ> `Ê > >`>°Ê/ iÊ i i ]ÊÜ Ê ÃÊ ÃÌÊv ÀÊÌ iÊV viÀi Vi]Ê vviÀi`Ê>Ê iiÌ }ÊLÀ }ÃÊÌ Ê>ÊV ÃiÊ i>À ÞÊÌ ÀiiÊÞi>ÀÃÊ vÊÜ ì Ã ÊÛ>À >Ì Ê vÊÌ iÊL >ÌiÀ> ÊLÞÊ Û Ì }ÊQ Õ }>À > Ê À> } }Ê i} Ì >Ì ÃÊÌ >ÌÊ «i i`Ê iÀi]Ê> `ÊÌ i Ê Ûi`Ê i>ìÀRÊ À°ÊQ > ÃRÊ >`>ÀÊÌ Ê Ê Ê Ê>ÊÃ>Õ >° Ì Ê i iÛ>°Ê / iÊ >À}iÃÌÊÃiVÕÀ ÌÞÊ «iÀ>Ì Ê Ê Ã Ê ÃÌ ÀÞÊ >ÃÊ

ÕÀÌ> Êv> ÃÊÃ vÌ ÞÊ>ÌÊ i Ã Ê«>À iÞ° Lii Ê Õ Ìi`ÊÌ Êv ÀiÃÌ> Ê> ÞÊ` vv VÕ ÌÞÊ«À «Ìi`ÊLÞÊ - ]Ê Õ}°Ê£ÊpÊ/ iÊ viÀi ViÊ Ê-iVÕÀ ÌÞÊ> `Ê Ì iÊ}>Ì iÀ }Ê vÊÃ Ê > ÞÊ i>`iÀÃ°

«iÀ>Ì Ê Ê ÕÀ «iÊi ì`ÊÌ `>ÞÊÜ Ì Ê>ÊÜ Ã«iÀÊ vÊ i Ã ½ÃÊ£]Èää > Ê« ViÊ «i ÃÊ>ÃÊÌ iÊÀ> }ÊÀi«ÀiÃi Ì v ÀViÊ >ÃÊLii Ê>Õ} i Ìi`ÊLÞÊ >Ì ÛiÃÊ vÊÎxÊ>ÃÃi L i`ÊÃÌ>ÌiÃ]Ê Ài v ÀVi i ÌÃÊÃÕ i`ÊvÀ Ê vÀ ÊÃÕ«iÀ« ÜiÀÃÊÌ Ê« V iÌÊ >ÃÊv>ÀÊ>Ü>ÞÊ>ÃÊ >« > `Ê>L ÛiÊ >Ì Ã]ÊÃ } i`ÊÌ iÊ«>}iÃÊ vÊ Ì iÊ ÀVÌ VÊ ÀV i°Ê/ iÊÃ âiÊ vÊÌ iÊ >Ê Õ}iÊ` VÕ i ÌÊÜ À i`Ê ÕÌÊ ÃiVÕÀ ÌÞÊv ÀViÊ >ÃÊLii ÊiÃÌ >Ì ÛiÀÊÌ iÊ >ÃÌÊÌÜ ÊÞi>ÀÃ° i`Ê>ÌÊÎ]äääÊÌ Êx]äääÊ i ° *ÀiÃ ì ÌÊ/ Ì Ê vÊ9Õ} Ã >Û >Ê / iÊÌ } ÌiÃÌÊÃiVÕÀ ÌÞÊÜ>ÃÊ >`Ê` vvi`Ê ÃÊÛ> > V Ài`Ê Ì À Ü Ê>À Õ `ÊÌ iÊÀ> Ü>ÞÊ ÃÕ ÌÊv ÀÊÃ iÌ }Ê ÀiÊÃ L ÃÌ>Ì ÊLiv ÀiÊ À°ÊQ i `Ê °RÊ iÀ°Ê ÕÌÊ*À iÊ ÃÌiÀÊ* iÀÀiÊ Àiâ iÛ½ÃÊ>ÀÀ Û> Ê>ÌÊÓ°ÎäÊ«° °Ê ÌÌÊ/ÀÕì>ÕÊ vÊ > >`>Ê / iÊÃÌ iÊLÕ ` }ÊÜ>ÃÊV À LÕV i`ÊÌ iÊ«>ÌÌiÀ Ê vÊv À > ÌÞÊ ` i`Ê vvÊ> `Ê« Vi i ÊV Õ `Ê LÞÊÃ Ü }ÊÕ«Ê Ê>Ê ` Ã ÊÌ> Ê LiÊÃii ÊÃ ÕiÌÌi`Ê Ê ÌÃÊÀ vÊ ÃÕ iÀÊÃÕ ÌÊÜ Ì Ê ÃÊÕÃÕ> ÊÀi`Ê >ÃÊÌ iÊ£È V>ÀÊÃ«iV > ÊÌÀ> Ê V>À >Ì ° / iÊ>VÌÕ> ÊÃ } }ÊÌ Ê ÞÊ «Õ i`Ê °Ê ,EONID ) "REZHNEV 'ENERAL 3ECRETARY OF THE #OMMUNIST £ÇÊ ÕÌiÃÊ>ÃÊ i Ê*i ÕÀ ]ÊÌ iÊ ÊviÜÊÃ « Ü ` ÜÃÊ` Ã 0ARTY OF THE 5332 SIGNS THE (ELSINKI &INAL !CT ON !UGUST ÊÜ Ê >ÃÊLii ÊiÝiVÕÌ ÛiÊ « >Þi`Ê« ÀÌÀ> ÌÃÊ vÊÛ Ã Ì }Ê 4URKEY S 0RIME -INISTER 3ULEYMAN $EMIREL LOOKS ON ÃiVÀiÌ>ÀÞÊ vÊÌ iÊV viÀi Vi]Ê i>ìÀÃÊ> `Ê*ÀiÃ ì ÌÊQ1À RÊ /3#% PHOTO «>ÃÃi`Ê>ÊL Õi L Õ `Ê` VÕ i i °Ê-Ì V > ½ÃÊ i ÌÊÌ iÊÃ âiÊ vÊ>ÊÌi i« iÊ` ÀiVÌ ÀÞÊ` Ü ÊÌ iÊ }Ê ì«>ÀÌ i ÌÊÃÌ ÀiÊÜ>ÃÊÃi }Ê/ Ã ÀÌÃÊi L ÃÃi`ÊÜ Ì Ê i°Ê/ iÀiÊÜ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ> i`Ê>«« >ÕÃiÊvÀ ÊÌ iÊì i}>ÌiÃÊ Ì iÊ Ì > ÃÊ> `Êi L i Ê vÊÌ iÊ ÕÀ «i> ÊV viÀi Vi° ÊÌ iÊV > LiÀÊ> `Ê>ÊviÜÊ iÜÃ i Ê«iiÀ }Ê` Ü ÊvÀ Ê Ì iÊL> V Þ° i `ÊÌ iÊÃVi iÃ]Ê>VÌ ÛiÊ i} Ì >Ì Ã°Ê Ê>ÊÀ>ÀiÊì«>ÀÌÕÀi]ÊÌ iÊ Ì> > Ê*Ài iÀ]Ê ` Ê À ]Ê - ]Ê Õ ÞÊÎäÊpÊ ÊLiÌÜii ÊÃ i Ê«ÕL VÊ >vÌiÀÊÃ } }Ê ÃÊ > i]Ê>`ì`ÊLÞÊ > `]Êº> `Ê*ÀiÃ ì ÌÊ « i`}iÃÊÌ Ê «À ÛiÊ >ÃÌ 7iÃÌÊÀi >Ì Ã]ÊÌ iÊ i>ìÀÃÊ vÊ } ÛiÀ i ÌÊ>ÃÃi L i`Ê iÀiÊ>ÀiÊÌÀ>` }ÊÌ Õ} Ê > }Õ>}iÊ vÊÌ iÊ ÕÀ «i> Ê V VÊ Õ ÌÞ»°Ê/ iÊ}iÃÌÕÀiÊ Ê«À Û>ÌiÊ ÊÌ iÊ«À L i ÃÊ vÊ ÕÀ «i° ÀiÃÕ Ìi`ÊvÀ Ê>ÊìV Ã ÊLÞÊÌ iÊ iÊ Ê >À iÌÊ 7 iÊv>Vi Ì v>ViÊ iiÌ }ÃÊV> i`ÊºL >ÌiÀ> Ã»Ê Ê` « V Õ ÌÀ iÃÊÌ Ê ÌiÊÌ i ÀÊ>««i>À> ViÊ>ÃÊ>ÊL V]Ê ÌÜ Ì >Ì VÊ«>À > ViÊ` Ê ÌÊ>««i>ÀÊ ÊÌ iÊv À > ÊÃV i`Õ iÊ ÃÌ> ` }ÊÌ iÊ,ÕÃÃ > Ã½ÊÕ Ü } iÃÃÊÌ ÊÀiV } âiÊÌ iÊ vÊÌ iÊ ÕÀ «i> ÊÃiVÕÀ ÌÞÊV viÀi Vi]ÊÌ iÞÊ>ÀiÊ«À Û ` }Ê Ã ÌÕ>Ì ° Ì iÊ ÃÌÊÃÕLÃÌ> Ì ÛiÊiÝV > }iÃ° *ÀiÃ ì ÌÊ1À Ê i i Ê vÊ > `]Ê ÊìV >À }ÊÌ iÊ / ÃÊiÛi }]ÊÌ iÊ7iÃÌÊ iÀ > Ê > Vi ÀÊ i ÕÌÊ V viÀi ViÊV Ãi`]ÊiÝ«ÀiÃÃi`ÊÌ iÊ «iÊÌ >ÌÊÌ iÊ` VÕ -V `ÌÊV viÀÀi`Êv ÀÊÌ iÊv ÀÃÌÊÌ iÊÜ Ì Ê >ÃÌÊ iÀ > Ê i ÌÊÜ Õ `ÊLiÊºÌ iÊv Õ `>Ì Ê vÊ> `Ê}Õ ì iÊv ÀÊ ÕÀÊ «>ÀÌÞÊV iv]Ê À V Ê iV iÀ]Ê Ê>Ê iiÌ }ÊÌ >Ì]Êv ÀÊ> Ê ÌÃÊ vÕÌÕÀiÊÀi >Ì ÃÊ> `ÊÌ i ÀÊvÕÀÌ iÀÊìÛi « i Ì°»

/3#% -AGAZINE

-ARCH

( ) ' ( # / - - ) 3 3 ) / . % 2 / . . !4 ) / . ! , - ) . / 2 ) 4 ) % 3

Ê ÃÌ ÌÕÌ Êv ÀÊ ÕÀ «i\Ê Ã À }Ê À ÌÞÊÀ } ÌÃ 7 À`ÃÊV> Ê > iÊÜ À `ÃÊ vÊ` vviÀi Vi ÌÊ>ÊÃ i ÊViÀi ÞÊ Ê, i]Ê ÊÓ Ê"VÌ LiÀÊÓää{]ÊÌ iÊ/Ài>ÌÞÊ iÃÌ>L Ã }Ê>Ê ÃÌ ÌÕÌ Êv ÀÊ ÕÀ «iÊÜ>ÃÊÃ } i`ÊLÞÊÌ iÊ i>`ÃÊ vÊ-Ì>ÌiÊ ÀÊ ÛiÀ i ÌÊ vÊÓxÊ ÕÀ «i> Ê1 Ê i LiÀÊ-Ì>ÌiÃÊ > `ÊÌ ÀiiÊV> ` `>ÌiÊV Õ ÌÀ iÃ°Ê ÀÊ"- Ê } Ê ÃÃ iÀÊ Ê >Ì > Ê À Ì iÃ]Ê L>ÃÃ>` ÀÊ, vÊ jÕÃ]ÊÌ iÊiÛi ÌÊÜ>ÃÊ ÕV Ê V>ÕÃiÊv ÀÊVi iLÀ>Ì \Ê ÊV >ÕÃiÊ Ê À ÌÞÊÀ } ÌÃÊÌ >ÌÊ >`Ê} iÊ ÃÃ }Ê >`Ê ÜÊv Õ `Ê ÌÃÊÜ>ÞÊÌ Ê ÀÌ V iÊ ÓÊ vÊÌ iÊ ÃÌ ÌÕÌ °Ê 9Ê ,<9-</" Ê ,< 7 Ê

!USTRIA SIGNS THE 4REATY ESTABLISHING THE %5 #ONSTITUTION IN 2OME /CTOBER 0HOTOS ¥%UROPEAN #OMMUNITY

-ARCH

(

OW DID THIS LITTLE NOTICED BUT SIGNIFI CANT CHANGE COME ABOUT AND WHAT IS ITS LIKELY IMPACT %ARLIER IN *UNE THE %UROPEAN #OUNCIL MEETING IN #OPENHAGEN HAD ACCORD ED MINORITY RIGHTS A PROMINENT POSITION SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE GUARANTEE OF HUMAN RIGHTS $EFINING THE NON ECONOMIC STANDARDS FOR THE ADMISSION OF #ENTRAL AND %ASTERN %UROPEAN COUNTRIES INTO THE %UROPEAN

5NION THE #OUNCIL SPECIFIED ;-=EMBERSHIP REQUIRES THAT THE CANDIDATE COUNTRY HAS ACHIEVED STABILITY OF INSTITUTIONS GUARANTEEING DEMOCRACY THE RULE OF LAW HUMAN RIGHTS AND RESPECT FOR AND PROTECTION OF MINORITIES %MPHASIS HAS BEEN ADDED 2EGRETTABLY HOWEVER THERE WAS NO MEN TION OF A SPECIFIC hMINORITY CLAUSEv IN THE %5 #HARTER OF &UNDAMENTAL 2IGHTS ADOPTED BY THE %UROPEAN #OUNCIL IN .ICE IN $ECEMBER 4HE DRAFT %UROPEAN #ONSTITUTION COMPLETED ON *ULY BY THE %UROPEAN #OUNCIL S #ONVENTION ON THE &UTURE OF %UROPE WAS EQUALLY SILENT ON THE RIGHTS OF MINORITIES 7HAT HAPPENED TO THE #OPENHAGEN CRI TERIA IN THE COURSE OF THE %UROPEAN 5NION S STANDARD SETTING 4HEY WERE SUBSUMED UNDER !RTICLE ) 0ARAGRAPH OF THE $RAFT %UROPEAN #ONSTITUTION WHICH STIPULATED THAT

/3#% -AGAZINE

THE 5NION S VALUES SERVED TO UNDERPIN CONDI TIONS FOR ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION 4HE 5NION SHALL BE OPEN TO ALL %UROPEAN 3TATES WHICH RESPECT THE VALUES REFERRED TO IN !RTICLE ) AND ARE COMMITTED TO PROMOTING THEM TOGETHER #OMPARED WITH EARLIER %5 DOCUMENTS THE ENUMERATION OF SHARED VALUES UNDER !RTICLE ) WAS AN IMPRESSIVE EFFORT TO GO BEYOND A MERE SET OF LOFTY GOALS 4HE 5NION IS FOUNDED ON THE VALUES OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIGNITY LIBERTY DEMOC RACY EQUALITY THE RULE OF LAW AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS 4HESE VALUES ARE COMMON TO THE -EMBER 3TATES IN A SOCIETY OF PLURALISM TOLERANCE JUSTICE SOLIDARITY AND NON DISCRIMI NATION .EVERTHELESS THE hMISSING LINKv Â&#x2C6; THE OMISSION OF THE SPECIFIC PASSAGE CONCERNING MINORITIES Â&#x2C6; WAS A SOURCE OF PROFOUND DIS APPOINTMENT IN MANY INTERNATIONAL CIRCLES 7AS THIS APPROACH TO BE CONSTRUED AS A REFLECTION OF A NEW POSITION WITHIN THE %5 Â&#x2C6; THAT THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES WOULD NOW DISAPPEAR FROM THE %5 AGENDA 7HAT HAPPENED TO THE %UROPEAN SYSTEM OF VALUES BETWEEN AND AND WHY DID THE CLAUSE CONCERNING MINORITIES VANISH FROM THE CATALOGUE OF hVALUES x COMMON TO THE -EMBER 3TATESv 4HE FORMULATION IN THE $RAFT #ONSTITUTION CONVEYED THE IMPRESSION THAT THE MINORITY CLAUSE SERVED AS A SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT ONLY DURING THE ACCESSION PROCEDURE AND THAT AFTER THE ENLARGEMENT THE %5 NO LONGER CON SIDERED IT WORTHWHILE TO CALL ATTENTION TO IT

4HIS INTERPRETATION RISKED WEAKENING THE POSITION OF THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER ON .ATIONAL -INORITIES REGARDING HIS DIPLOMATIC AND CONFLICT PREVENTION EFFORTS WITHIN NON %5 3TATES 4HE GOVERNMENTS CONCERNED WOULD LIKELY RAISE THE hDOUBLE STANDARDSv ARGUMENT THEY WOULD BE EMBOLDENED TO COMPLY WITH MINIMUM STANDARDS ON THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES ONLY SELEC TIVELY AND TO IGNORE RECOMMENDATIONS AIMED AT ENSURING A HIGHER LEVEL OF INTEGRATION OF MINORITIES INTO THEIR SOCIETIES )T WAS THIS POTENTIALLY WORRYING SCENARIO THAT PROMPTED THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER ON .ATIONAL -INORITIES TO RAISE THE ISSUE PUB LICLY !T A CONFERENCE IN #OPENHAGEN ON .OVEMBER HE STATED UNEQUIVOCALLY x STANDARDS ON WHICH THE #OPENHAGEN CRITERIA ARE BASED SHOULD BE UNIVERSALLY APPLICABLE WITHIN AND THROUGHOUT THE %5 IN WHICH CASE THEY SHOULD BE EQUALLY Â&#x2C6; AND CONSISTENTLY Â&#x2C6; APPLIED TO ALL -EMBER 3TATES /THERWISE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EXISTING AND ASPIRING %5 -EMBER 3TATES WOULD BE UNBALANCED IN TERMS OF APPLICABLE STANDARDS /NE COULD ARGUE OF COURSE THAT THE RIGHTS OF MINORITIES ARE INTRINSIC TO THE CONCEPT AND NOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AS A WHOLE (OWEVER THE FACT IS THAT THE #OPENHAGEN %UROPEAN #OUNCIL HAD MADE A CONSCIOUS DECISION TO SINGLE OUT THE PROTECTION OF MINORITIES FOR SPECIAL ATTENTION 7ITHIN THE AMBIT OF HIS RESPONSIBILITIES IT WAS INCUMBENT UPON THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER TO DO HIS UTMOST TO ENSURE THAT THE $RAFT #ONSTITUTION PLACED THE

4HE ROUTE TO THE #ONSTITUTION /N -AY NEW COUNTRIES JOINED THE %UROPEAN 5NION #YPRUS THE #ZECH 2EPUBLIC %STONIA (UNGARY ,ATVIA ,ITHUANIA -ALTA 0OLAND THE 3LOVAK 2EPUBLIC AND 3LOVENIA 3IX MONTHS LATER ON /CTOBER REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ENLARGED %UROPEAN 5NION Â&#x2C6; COMPRISING SOME MILLION PEOPLE OR PER CENT OF THE WORLD S POPULATION Â&#x2C6; SIGNED THE 4REATY AND &INAL !CT ESTABLISHING A #ONSTITUTION FOR %UROPE IN 2OME S #AMPIDOGLIO IN THE 3ALA $EGLI /RAZI E #URIAZI )T WAS THE SAME ROOM IN WHICH THE SIX ORIGINAL -EMBER 3TATES Â&#x2C6; &RANCE 'ERMANY )TALY THE .ETHERLANDS "ELGIUM AND ,UXEMBOURG Â&#x2C6; HAD SIGNED THE 4REATY ESTABLISHING THE %UROPEAN #OMMUNITY IN 4HE CANDIDATE COUNTRIES "ULGARIA 2OMANIA AND 4URKEY SIGNED THE &INAL !CT #ROATIA WHICH HAD NOT PARTICIPATED IN THE %UROPEAN #ONVENTION S MONTH INTENSIVE WORK DID NOT SIGN THE &INAL !CT BUT ATTENDED AS AN OBSERVER 4HE 4REATY ESTABLISHING A #ONSTITUTION FOR %UROPE NEEDS TO

/3#% -AGAZINE

BE RATIFIED BY ALL MEMBER 3TATES OF THE ENLARGED 5NION 4HE DEADLINE IS END OF /CTOBER 4HE NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS OF (UNGARY ,ITHUANIA AND 3LOVENIA HAVE ALREADY RATIFIED THE %5 #ONSTITUTION WITH THE "ELGIAN AND 'ERMAN PARLIAMENTS FOLLOWING SUIT IN -AY )N SOME COUNTRIES RATIFICATION IS SUBJECT TO A REFERENDUM 3PAIN S VOTERS SAID A FIRM hYESv ON &EBRUARY &RANCE 'ERMANY ,UXEMBOURG AND THE .ETHERLANDS ARE DUE TO HOLD REFERENDA IN THE FIRST HALF OF AND 0ORTUGAL POSSIBLY IN $ECEMBER $ATES HAVE YET TO BE SET IN THE #ZECH 2EPUBLIC $ENMARK )RELAND 0ORTUGAL 0OLAND AND THE 5NITED +INGDOM 3OURCES %5 /BSERVER AND #)$%, 0ROJECT

-ARCH

RIGHTS OF MINORITIES IN SHARPER RELIEF )N THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER S VIEW THE %5 IN ORDER TO STEER CLEAR OF ACCUSATIONS OF FAIL ING TO BE EVEN HANDED SHOULD ADOPT AND APPLY ITS MINORITY RELATED STANDARDS EQUALLY EXTENDING THEM TO CANDIDATE COUNTRIES AS WELL AS TO MEMBERS &URTHERMORE THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER BELIEVED THAT THE %5 #ONSTITUTION SHOULD INCLUDE A CLAUSE ON MINORITY RIGHTS THAT WOULD HAVE AN IMPACT FAR BEYOND THE %5 ITSELF AND ITS MEMBERS )T IS GENERALLY AGREED AFTER ALL THAT A NUMBER OF /3#% PARTICIPAT ING 3TATES WILL MOST LIKELY NOT BECOME %5 MEMBERS IN THE NEAR FUTURE OR PERHAPS NEVER WILL 7ITH THIS IN MIND AN EXPLICIT MINORITY CLAUSE WOULD ALSO SERVE TO PROMOTE THE APPLICATION OF %5 VALUES AND STANDARDS IN NON %5 COUNTRIES THROUGH TRADE AND POLI CIES AND THE LIKE 4HIS MADE IT EVEN MORE IMPERATIVE TO HAVE A LEGAL STIPULATION SETTING OUT A SINGLE CONSISTENT SYSTEM OF VALUES AND STANDARDS )T WAS AGAINST THIS BACKGROUND THAT THE /3#% (IGH #OMMISSIONER ON .ATIONAL -INORITIES TOOK FORMAL STEPS TO TURN TO THE )RISH &OREIGN -INISTER UNDER THE %5 PRESI DENCY )N HIS LETTER OF *ANUARY THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER ADVOCATED CONTINUATION OF THE VALIDITY OF THE #OPENHAGEN POLITI CAL CRITERIA FOR %5 MEMBERSHIP PROPOSING TWO ALTERNATIVE AMENDMENTS TO THE $RAFT #ONSTITUTION THAT WOULD RESTORE AN EXPLICIT CLAUSE ON THE RIGHTS OF MINORITIES (E PROPOSED THAT !RTICLE ) OUTLINING h4HE 5NION S VALUESv BE SUPPLEMENTED FOL LOWING THE WORDS hRESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTSv WITH EITHER hINCLUDING MINORITY RIGHTSv OR hINCLUDING THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS BELONGING TO MINORITIESv 4HE LATTER OPTION WAS PROPOSED TO AVOID ANY POTENTIAL ARGUMENTS THAT COULD ARISE FROM A COLLECTIVE REFERENCE TO hMINORITY RIGHTSv 3IMILAR PROPOSALS FOR THE INCLUSION OF A CLAUSE ON MINORITIES WERE ALSO SUBMIT TED BY THE 'OVERNMENTS OF (UNGARY AND 2OMANIA 4HE (IGH #OMMISSIONER S PROPOSAL REFLECTED A COMMENDABLE IMPROVEMENT TO THE ORIGINAL FORMULATION OF THE #OPENHAGEN CRITERIA 7HEREAS IN #OPENHAGEN hDEMOCRA CY THE RULE OF LAW HUMAN RIGHTS AND RESPECT FOR AND PROTECTION OF MINORITIESv HAD BEEN ENUMERATED SEPARATELY THE LATEST LANGUAGE RECOMMENDED INSERTING hTHE RIGHTS OF PER SONS BELONGING TO MINORITIESv AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF HUMAN RIGHTS NOTE THE WORD hINCLUD INGv 4HIS SOLUTION RESTORES AN ADEQUATE BAL ANCE TO !RTICLE ) BY CONVEYING A PROPER

-ARCH

4REATY AND #ONSTITUTION 4HE %UROPEAN #ONSTITUTION IS BOTH A TREATY SUBJECT TO THE RULES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND A CONSTITUTION IN THAT IT CONTAINS ELE MENTS OF A CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE #ONSISTING OF FOUR PARTS THE DOCUMENT s DEFINES THE %UROPEAN 5NION AND ITS VALUES OBJECTIVES RESPONSIBILITIES DECISION MAKING PROCEDURES AND INSTITUTIONS s INCORPORATES THE #HARTER ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS s DESCRIBES THE POLICY AND ACTIONS OF THE %UROPEAN 5NION AND s CONTAINS THE FINAL CLAUSES INCLUDING THE PROCEDURES FOR APPROVAL AND A POS SIBLE REVISION OF THE #ONSTITUTION

UNDERSTANDING THAT THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS BELONGING TO MINORITIES ARE MERELY A LEX SPECIALIS A SPECIAL REGULATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW ON HUMAN RIGHTS AS A WHOLE )T CAME AS A PLEASANT SURPRISE TO THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER AND TO OTHER CONCERNED PARTIES THAT AT THEIR MEETING IN "RUSSELS ON *UNE (EADS OF 3TATE AND 'OVERNMENT PLACED THEIR STAMP OF APPROVAL ON THE TEXTS OF A NUMBER OF MODIFIED PROVISIONS OF THE $RAFT #ONSTITUTION FOR %UROPE WHICH THEY SUBSEQUENTLY SIGNED ON /CTOBER !MONG THE AMENDED PROVISIONS HIGHLIGHTED BELOW WAS THE REFORMULATED !RTICLE ) 4HE 5NION IS FOUNDED ON THE VALUES OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIGNITY LIBERTY DEMOCRACY EQUALITY THE RULE OF LAW AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS INCLUDING THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS BELONGING TO MINORITIES 4HESE VALUES ARE COMMON TO THE -EMBER 3TATES IN A SOCIETY IN WHICH PLURALISM NON DISCRIMINATION TOLERANCE JUSTICE SOLIDARITY AND EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN PREVAIL 4HE FRUITFUL DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER AND THE %UROPEAN 5NION ON THE hHUMAN DIMENSIONv OF THE #ONSTITUTION FOR %UROPE IS A REMINDER OF THE WISDOM OF ANCIENT 2OMAN LEGAL TRADI TION IN WHICH VALUES CANNOT BE SEPARATED FROM INSTRUMENTS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION )NDEED THE MINORITY CLAUSE BRINGS US CLOSER TO THE 2OMAN MAXIM 5BI JUS IBI REMEDIUM h7HERE THERE IS A RIGHT THERE IS A REMEDY v .O LESS IMPORTANT THE INTEGRATION OF THE CLAUSE WITHIN THE %UROPEAN #ONSTITUTION CREATES A CLIMATE MORE CONDUCIVE TO SYNERGY BETWEEN THE (IGH #OMMISSIONER AND THE %UROPEAN 5NION !ND IT INCREASES THE CHANCES THAT THE ISSUE OF NATIONAL MINORITIES WILL NOT DISAPPEAR FROM THE %5 S RADAR SCREEN ÀâÞÃâÌ vÊ ÀâiÜ V Ê ÃÊ-i ÀÊ i}> Ê `Û ÃiÀÊ Ê Ì iÊ"vv ViÊ vÊÌ iÊ"- Ê } Ê ÃÃ iÀÊ Ê >Ì > Ê À Ì iÃÊ Ê/ iÊ >}Õi°Ê >À iÀ]Ê iÊÜ>ÃÊ>Ê «À viÃÃ ÀÊ vÊ ÌiÀ >Ì > Ê >ÜÊ>ÌÊÌ iÊ1 ÛiÀÃ ÌÞÊ vÊ `> Ã ]Ê* > `°Ê iÊ >ÃÊÜÀ ÌÌi ÊiÝÌi Ã Ûi ÞÊ ÊÌ iÊ ÌiÀ >Ì > Ê«À ÌiVÌ Ê vÊ Õ > ÊÀ } ÌÃ°

/3#% -AGAZINE

"- É " "

)BRAHIM $JIKIC A SENIOR DIPLOMAT AND LAWYER FROM -OSTAR "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA HAS BEEN APPOINTED (EAD OF #ENTRE IN !SHGABAD (E SUCCEEDS !MBASSADOR 0ARASCHIVA "ADESCU FROM 2OMANIA WHO STARTED A NEW ASSIGNMENT AS (EAD OF THE 0ODGORICA /FFICE OF THE /3#% -ISSION TO

ASSISTING THE HOST COUNTRY TO IMPLEMENT /3#% PRINCIPLES AND COMMITMENTS ) LOOK FORWARD TO ENHANCING THE DIALOGUE EVEN FURTHER FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE PEOPLE AND THE REGION v !MBASSADOR $JIKIC HELD VARIOUS HIGH LEVEL &OREIGN -INISTRY RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE SERVICE OF THE FORMER 3OCIALIST &EDERAL 2EPUBLIC OF 9UGOSLAVIA AND OF "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA INCLUDING ASSIGNMENTS IN -OSCOW "RAZZAVILLE AND 4UNIS !FTER 3ERBIA AND -ONTENEGRO ON "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA S INDEPENDENCE HE BECAME HIS *ANUARY COUNTRY S FIRST AMBASSADOR TO h(EADING THE /3#% S THE 2USSIAN &EDERATION PEACE BUILDING EFFORTS IN (E ALSO WORKED AS 4URKMENISTAN IS A GREAT CHALLENGE FOR ANY DIPLOMAT v !SSISTANT TO THE 0RESIDENT OF 3/52 2ADIO AND 4ELEVISION !MBASSADOR $JIKIC SAID IN 3ARAJEVO WHERE HIS MAIN ON ASSUMING HIS POST ON TASK WAS INTERNATIONAL *ANUARY h4HE #ENTRE RELATIONS IN !SHGABAD HAS BEEN PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN

"- É Ê 6-/ 6

-IROSLAV *ENCA FROM 3LOVAKIA WAS APPOINTED (EAD OF THE /3#% #ENTRE IN 4ASHKENT ON &EBRUARY SUCCEEDING !MBASSADOR !HMET +AMIL %ROZAN OF 4URKEY h4HE #ENTRE S PRIORITY WILL BE TO DEEPEN MUTUAL UNDERSTAND ING AND TO STRENGTHEN CO OPERATION WITH 5ZBEK AUTHORITIES ON THE CONTINUED IMPLEMENTATION OF SHARED /3#% VALUES AND PRINCIPLES v !MBASSADOR *ENCA SAID h)N LINE WITH THIS ) CON SIDER THE /3#% S OUTREACH POLICY OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE AND WILL SEEK TO DEVELOP ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT 5ZBEKISTAN v 0RIOR TO HIS APPOINTMENT !MBASSADOR *ENCA WAS 3LOVAKIA S 2EPRESENTATIVE TO THE %UROPEAN 5NION S 0OLITICAL AND 3ECURITY #OMMITTEE IN "RUSSELS WHICH MONITORS INTERNATIONAL ISSUES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE #OMMON &OREIGN AND 3ECURITY 0OLICY AND DIRECTS THE %5 S CRISIS MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS &ROM TO HE WAS !MBASSADOR TO -EXICO #OLUMBIA AND 6ENEZUELA BASED IN -EXICO #ITY (IS EARLIER POSTINGS WERE IN $UBLIN AS #OUNSELLOR AND #HARGÏ D !FFAIRES AND IN -EXICO #ITY AS 0RESS 3ECRETARY 7ITHIN THE &OREIGN -INISTRY !MBASSADOR *ENCA SERVED AS $EPUTY 0OLITICAL $IRECTOR AND $IRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT RESPONSIBLE FOR %5 AND .!4/ COUNTRIES (E WAS ALSO (EAD OF THE $IVISION FOR $EVELOPMENT #O OPERATION AND 4RANS BORDER #O OPERATION WHERE HE WAS RESPON SIBLE FOR DESIGNING A STRUCTURE FOR 3LOVAK /FFICIAL $EVELOPMENT !SSISTANCE /$! AND FOR DRAW ING UP THE 3LOVAK 2EPUBLIC S MEDIUM TERM /$! STRATEGY ! GRADUATE OF THE -OSCOW 3TATE )NSTITUTE OF )NTERNATIONAL 2ELATIONS HE HOLDS A LAW DEGREE FROM THE #OMENIUS 5NIVERSITY IN 3LOVAKIA

/3#% -AGAZINE

"- É Ê 6-/ 6

**" / /-

0AULINE &OISY WAS APPOINTED $IRECTOR FOR (UMAN 2ESOURCES STARTING $ECEMBER 3HE SUCCEEDED 3EAN (AND WHO HELD THE POST FROM *ANUARY TO 3EPTEMBER -S &OISY HAS HAD MORE THAN YEARS EXPERI ENCE IN HUMAN RESOURC ES MANAGEMENT GENERAL ADMINISTRATION AND TRAINING IN !USTRALIA AND 3WITZERLAND -OST RECENTLY SHE WAS A SENIOR EXECUTIVE AT 4UPPERWARE %UROPE !FRICA AND -IDDLE %AST !S $IRECTOR FOR (UMAN 2ESOURCES OF THE )NTERNATIONAL &EDERATION OF 2ED #ROSS AND 2ED #RESCENT 3OCIETIES FOR MORE THAN THREE YEARS SHE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR HUMAN RESOURCES SERVIC ES FOR THE ORGANIZATION S 'ENEVA HEADQUARTERS AND FIELD OPERATIONS 3HE OBTAINED A MAS TER S DEGREE IN BUSI NESS ADMINISTRATION SPECIALIZING IN HUMAN RESOURCES AND COMPLET ED GRADUATE STUDIES IN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS AT 3YDNEY S 5NIVERSITY OF 4ECHNOLOGY "ORN IN -ONTREAL #ANADA -S &OISY HOLDS DUAL #ANADIAN !USTRALIAN NATIONALITY

-ARCH

! . ! 0 0 2 % # ) !4 )/ .

>Û `Ê,°Ê V >Ã 4

HE FAMILY FRIENDS AND FORMER ASSOCIATES OF 5 3 LAWYER PUBLIC SERVANT AND DIPLOMAT $AVID 2 .ICHOLAS GATHERED AT THE 5NIVERSITY OF 7YOMING ON -ARCH NOT TO MOURN HIS DEATH BUT TO CELEBRATE HIS LIFE h!LTHOUGH HIS FAMILY IS EXTREMELY SADDENED BY THE LOSS OF SOMEONE SO FULL OF LIFE THEY ARE ALL GRATEFUL FOR THE TIME THEY HAD WITH HIM v SAID A STATEMENT ISSUED FROM ,ARAMIE 7YOMING WHERE !MBASSADOR .ICHOLAS HAD HIS ROOTS !T THE TIME OF HIS DEATH ON -ARCH FROM AN APPARENT HEART ATTACK IN HIS OFFICE IN +YIV !MBASSADOR .ICHOLAS HAD JUST MARKED HIS TH BIRTHDAY AND HIS SECOND YEAR AS THE /3#% 0ROJECT #O ORDINATOR IN 5KRAINE h!MBASSADOR .ICHOLAS HAD WON WIDESPREAD RESPECT FOR HIS EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP OF /3#% ACTIVITIES IN 5KRAINE FOR THE PAST TWO YEARS v SAID #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE $IMITRIJ 2UPEL UPON HEARING THE NEWS OF THE /RGANIZATION S TRAGIC LOSS h(E WAS TIRELESS IN HIS EFFORTS TO ASSIST 5KRAINE ALONG THE PATH OF DEMOCRATIC REFORM (E WAS ALSO A WISE COUNSELLOR TO ME ON MY VISITS TO THE COUNTRY v )N 7ASHINGTON $ # LEADERS OF THE 5 3 (ELSINKI #OMMISSION 3ENATOR 3AM "ROWNBACK AND 2EPRESENTATIVES #HRISTOPHER ( 3MITH AND "ENJAMIN , #ARDIN CALLED $AVID .ICHOLAS A hHUMAN RIGHTS CHAMPIONv CIT ING HIS EFFECTIVE ROLE IN SUPPORT ING PROJECTS IN 5KRAINE SUCH AS ANTI HUMAN TRAFFICKING HOTLINES ASSISTANCE TO THE COUNTRY S JUDI CIAL SYSTEM AND LEGISLATURE AND HELPING THE TRANSITION OF FORMER

-ARCH

MILITARY PERSONNEL TO CIVILIAN LIFE )N MEMORY OF THEIR COLLEAGUE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PARTICI PATING 3TATES OBSERVED A MINUTE OF SILENCE ON -ARCH AT THEIR WEEKLY MEETING IN 6IENNA )N +YIV THE FOLLOWING DAY MEM BERS OF THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS .'/ REP RESENTATIVES AND PROJECT PARTNERS GATHERED AT A MEMORIAL SERVICE ORGANIZED BY THE AMBASSADOR S TEAM OF FOUR INTERNATIONAL AND 5KRAINIAN STAFF h!MBASSADOR .ICHOLAS MADE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO THE FAIR AND TRANSPARENT CONDUCT OF THE RECENT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN 5KRAINE v #HARGÏ D !FFAIRES 9URII 0OLUREZ OF THE $ELEGATION OF 5KRAINE TOLD THE 0ERMANENT #OUNCIL h)N CLOSE CO OPERATION WITH HIM WE CREATED A NEW MODEL OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE HOST NATION AND THE /3#% v 5KRAINIAN OFFICIALS HAD BEEN AMONG THE FIRST TO PRESENT THEIR CONDOLENCES TO THE /3#% THE 5 3 $ELEGATION AND THE .ICHOLAS FAMILY THROUGH 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL *ÉN +UBIÝ )N HIS LETTER &OREIGN -INISTER "ORYS 4ARASYUK SAID h(E SPARED NO EFFORTS IN TRANSLATING /3#% CORE VALUES AND PRINCIPLES INTO PRACTICE 7E HAVE LOST A HIGHLY PROFESSIONAL DIPLOMAT AND A TRUE FRIEND 7E WILL ALWAYS REMEMBER HIS UNTIRING RESILIENT AND OPTI MISTIC CHARACTER v h7E SUFFER FROM THE LOSS WITH PAIN IN OUR HEARTS v WROTE THE (EAD OF 5KRAINE S #ENTRAL %LECTION #OMMISSION 9AROSLAV $AVYDOVYCH h!MBASSADOR .ICHOLAS ENJOYED THE RESPECT AND AUTHORITY OF GOVERNMENT CIRCLES AND THE .'/ COMMUNITY (IS PROFESSIONALISM AND PERSONAL

"1,/ -9Ê" Ê " -Ê 9

ÓÊ >ÀV Ê£ {£ÊqÊ£ÎÊ >ÀV ÊÓääx

4HE LATE /3#% 0ROJECT #O ORDINATOR IN 5KRAINE h(E LOVED THE PEOPLE AND THE COUNTRY v

DEDICATION TO DEMOCRATIC CHANGE WOULD HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANY NEW USEFUL JOINT PROJECTS v h!PART FROM HIS BEING AN ADMIRABLE DIP LOMAT AND PROFESSIONAL HE WAS ALSO ABLE TO GO ABOUT HIS TASKS WITH AN ENVIABLE SENSE OF HUMOR AND ESPRIT SAID THE $IRECTOR OF THE /3#% S /FFICE FOR $EMOCRATIC )NSTITUTIONS AND (UMAN 2IGHTS #HRISTIAN 3TROHAL WHO HAD WORKED CLOSELY WITH !MBASSADOR .ICHOLAS DURING THE RECENT HISTORIC EVENTS IN 5KRAINE h!MBASSADOR .ICHOLAS WAS ONE OF 5KRAINE S STRONGEST ADVOCATES v SAID #ORDULA 7OHLMUTHER 3ENIOR 0ROGRAMME /FFICER IN THE 0ROJECT #O ORDINATOR S OFFICE h(E LOVED THE PEOPLE AND THE COUNTRY %VERY ACTION HE TOOK STEMMED FROM A DEEP WELL OF COMMIT MENT TO AND CONCERN FOR 5KRAINE AND THE 5KRAINIANS v h(E OBSERVED LISTENED DECIDED AND ACTED v 5 3 !MBASSADOR TO THE /3#% 3TEPHAN - -INIKES TOLD THE 0ERMANENT #OUNCIL h(E WAS A MAN OF BOUNDLESS ENER GY !ND HE ALWAYS HAD A SMILE v 4HE .ICHOLAS FAMILY HAS ESTABLISHED A MEMORIAL FUND TO BE ADMINISTERED BY THE 5NIVERSITY OF 7YOMING &OUNDATION )T WILL ENABLE STUDENT AND FACULTY CULTURAL EXCHANGES BETWEEN #HINA %ASTERN %UROPE AND 2USSIA )NFORMATION IS AVAILABLE AT HTTP UWADMNWEB UWYO EDU &OUNDATION E MAIL FOUNDATION UWYO EDU

/3#% -AGAZINE