VOL.14 | ISSUE 5 |
OFFSHORE WORLD
INSIGHT INTO UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM HYDROCARBON INDUSTRY
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CONTENTS
INTERVIEW “Global market opportunity for LNG as a transportation fuel is immense”
VOL. 14 | NO. 2 | AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2017 | MUMBAI | US $ 10 | ` 150
- Rahul Deep Singh, MD, Hazira LNG Pvt Ltd. Excerpts
OFFSHORE WORLD R.NO. MAH ENG/ 2003/13269 Chairman Publisher & Printer Chief Executive Officer
EDITORIAL
Editor Editorial Advisory Board Design Team Subscription Team Production Team
Maulik Jasubhai Shah Hemant K. Shetty Hemant K. Shetty Mittravinda Ranjan (mittra_ranjan@jasubhai.com) D P Mishra, H K Krishnamurthy, N G Ashar, Prof M C Dwivedi Arun Parab, Shankar Joshi Dilip Parab V Raj Misquitta (Head), Arun Madye
FEATURES Strategic Design Considerations for LNG Terminals
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Small-Scale LNG: A Growing Niche
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Small Scale LNG – The Changing Landscape of Indian LNG Industry
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EVENTS DIARY
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BOOK SHELF
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INTERVIEW
INTERVIEW
“Global market opportunity for LNG as a transportation fuel is immense”
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“Gas has been the fastest-growing hydrocarbon for the past decade, with demand increasing at around 2% a year since 2000. Global LNG demand has grown by an estimated annual average of 6% since 2000, reaching 265 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) in 2016. That’s enough LNG to supply power to around 500 million homes a year!” says Rahul Deep Singh, MD, Hazira LNG Pvt Ltd. Excerpts from his email interaction with Offshore World.
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Globally, how the sharp decline in natural gas prices
impor ts by 12 mt of LNG in 2016. This boosted China’s total LNG
affec ted the entire supply chain and what are the new
impor ts to 27 mt and India’s to about 20 mt.
business mode ls that the players are following across various international markets?
O n the supply side, with new LNG liquefac tion projec ts coming on stream in Australia and the USA, global LNG supplies are expec ted
What are the c urrent and potential markets for Natural G as
to increase by about 50% by 2020 from 2014 levels, aggregating
in the coming years?
about 350 mtpa. O ne -third of this additional new supply capacit y
Th e re a re b ro a d l y t h re e t re n d s a r i s i n g p a r t l y f ro m t h e d e c l i n e
has already been commissioned, while the remaining t wo -thirds
i n n a t u r a l g a s p r i c e s a n d p a r t l y f ro m t h e i n h e re n t l y c l i m a te
is expec ted to come on-stream by 2020. G lobal LNG market
f r i e n d l y n a t u re o f n a t u r a l g a s. Fi r s t, a n i n c re a s e i n d e m a n d a n d
developments have kept pace with supply growth so far with the
r i s e o f n e w L N G i m p o r t i n g c o u n t r i e s w h i l e d e m a n d f ro m e x i s t i n g
additional LNG supplies being offset by rising demand for new
i m p o r te r s h a ve te n d e d t o g o n o r t h - w a rd. S e c o n d, t h e p ro f i l e o f
LNG impor ting countries. G iven the concentration of new supply
L N G b u ye r s h a s c h a n g e d. N e w i m p o r t e r s – f ro m s m a l l o r s t a r t -
projec ts towards the end of the decade, some imbalance may
u p e l e c t r i c i t y c o m p a n i e s t o i n t e r m e d i a r i e s t o n a t i o n a l e n e rg y c o m p a n i e s – a re e m e rg i n g a s L N G t r a d e i s c h a n g i n g to m i r ro r t h e e vo l v i n g n e e d s o f b u ye r s, i n c l u d i n g s h o r t e r - te r m a n d l o we r vo l u m e c o n t r a c t s w i t h g re a t e r d e g re e s o f f l e x i b i l i t y. Th i rd, d u e to a c o m b i n a t i o n o f c l i m a t e c o n c e r n s a n d l o we r p r i c e s, t h e re i s i n c re a s i n g d e p l o y m e n t o f n a t u r a l g a s i n m o re u s e r c h a n n e l s, p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s e c t o r.
perhaps emerge in the market but this is t ypical for any commodit y sec tor where demand growth is continuous, while supply increase comes in somewhat chunky bits from large projec ts. In fac t, given that global LNG demand is expec ted to dou ble to about 500 mtpa by 2030, Final Investment D ecisions would be required by the industr y on new projec ts beyond 2020 to keep pace with the demand outlook .
Gas has been the fastest- growing hydrocarbon for the past decade, with demand increasing at around 2% a year since 2000. Global LNG demand has grown by an estimated annual average of 6% since 2000, reaching 265 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) in 2016. That’s enough LNG to supply power to around 500 million homes a year! Fur ther, demand lead times have been shrinking with the advent of Floating Storage Regassification Units (FSRUs). As on date there are now 21 FSRUs in operation globally, with six more under construc tion. They offer a relatively quick and commercially flexible solution to meet growing gas demand, as well as replacing declining domestic gas produc tion in countries where gas has traditionally played a pivotal role in the energy mix. Since 2015, Colombia, Egypt, Jamaica, Jordan, Pakistan and Poland have all begun impor ting LNG, bringing the total number of impor ting countries to 35, up from around 10 at the star t of this centur y. In 2016, Egypt, Pakistan and Jordan were among the top five fastest growing LNG impor ting countries in the world. Due to regional shor tages in gas supplies, they took advantage of the
The buyers are now looking at the spot markets for gas supplies. What are the kind of contrac ts Hazira LNG is getting into with the suppliers and the buyers? Wo r l d o ve r, L N G t r a d e i s c h a n g i n g to m e e t t h e e vo l v i n g n e e d s o f b u ye r s, i n c l u d i n g s h o r te r - te r m a n d l o we r - vo l u m e c o n t r a c t s. Wh i l e e a r l i e r t h e i n d u s t r y w a s t y p i c a l l y c h a r a c te r i ze d b y l o n g te r m t a ke - o r - p a y c o n t r a c t s c o n c l u d e d b e t we e n t h e u p s t re a m p ro j e c t a n d d o w n s t re a m u t i l i t i e s w i t h t h e i m p o r t te r m i n a l b e i n g p a r t o f t h e i n te g r a te d v a l u e c h a i n , to d a y, d e s t i n a t i o n f l e x i b i l i t y i s b e c o m i n g c o m m o n p l a c e i n n e w c o n t r a c t s, g i v i n g a n i m p e t u s to s h o r t - te r m / s p o t d e a l s. When the Hazira terminal was commissioned in 2005, it launched the concept of a merchant terminal in India where the customers had the flexibilit y to choose various contrac tual options as per their needs such as the level of contrac ted quantit y, the term of the contrac t, offtake rates, etc., which was a unique proposition in the Indian LNG market at that time.
flexibilit y of LNG supply, impor ting about 14 mt in total. China and
Hazira continues to offer such flexible terms to its customers and has
India were the other t wo fastest growing buyers, increasing their
since expanded its por tfolio of options to include both commodit y
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Offshore World | 10 | August-September 2017
INTERVIEW sales, as well as regassification ser vices for its valued customers.
to the total Japanese LNG demand, one of the anchor customers for
Our value proposition is fur ther strengthened by competitive LNG
LNG in the world today.
sourcing from the world’s t wo biggest LNG suppliers, Shell and Total,
The oppor tunit y in the Indian market is equally significant where the overall transpor tation fuel demand is about 100 mtpa across petrol and diesel sales. The government has also said that it wants to promote LNG as a fuel for vehicles, par ticularly for long-haul driven
who have access to a wide por tfolio of LNG liquefac tion ventures across the world. Automotive sec tor is witnessing a boom in disruptive technologies within the use of conventional hydrocarbon
vehicles and trains. In November of last year, Tata Motors commenced t r i a l r u n s f o r t h e c o u n t r y ’s f i r s t L N G - p o we re d b u s i n Ke r a l a .
fuel as the scientists have successfully developed LNG fuel
O ve r a l l, a d o p t i o n o f L N G b y t h e t r a n s p o r t s t r u c t u re, p a r t i c u l a r l y
based vehicles which are highly fuel & energy efficient. What
t r a i n s a n d l o n g h a u l t r u c k s a n d b u s e s w i l l s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n c re a s e
kind of thrust this may provide to the natural gas suppliers?
d e m a n d f o r n a t u r a l g a s, p a r t i c u l a r l y i f e n a b l i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u re i s
What are the challenges in the LNG sec tor and how the
a l s o p u t i n p l a c e.
industr y is reac ting with the popularity of Solar PV system,
On the solar and other renewable energy sources, gas is well
which is again a green source of energy?
positioned to complement the growth of renewables industr y in
O u r s h a re h o l d e r s , S h e l l a n d To t a l a re p i o n e e r s i n t h e L N G d o m a i n a n d a re a c t i v e l y p ro p a g a t i n g t h e u s e o f L N G a s a transpor t fuel for trucks and ships with potential economic
India which is poised to grow to 175 GW over the nex t few years. Gas is the cleanest fossil fuel source to manage the intermittenc y risk from renewables and will be a critical enabler to ensure round the clock power supplies to customers.
a n d e n v i ro n m e n t a l b e n e f i t s c o m p a re d t o d i e s e l a n d f u e l o i l . T h e e n e rg y d e n s i t y o f L N G e x c e e d s t h a t o f o t h e r l i q u i d f u e l s , h e n c e L N G i s a v e r y e f f i c i e n t f u e l c h o i c e f o r h e a v y d u t y ro a d t r a n s p o r t . I t c a n a l s o re d u c e s u l p h u r e m i s s i o n s , p a r t i c u l a t e s a n d n i t ro g e n o x i d e s , h e l p i n g re d u c e g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s r i g h t f ro m p ro d u c t i o n t o e n d u s e . T h e u s e o f L N G a s a t r a n s p o r t fuel is now being ex tended to railways as well. On the marine s i d e , t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l M a r i t i m e O rg a n i z a t i o n h a s a g re e d t o a global 0.5% sulphur cap on marine fuel that will take effect f ro m 2 0 2 0 . L N G a s a f u e l w h i c h c o n t a i n s v i r t u a l l y z e ro s u l p h u r v e r s u s 3 . 5 % s p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r g l o b a l m a r i n e f u e l t o d a y, p ro v i d e s a viable alternative to shippers which is also economically s u p e r i o r a s c o m p a re d t o m a r i n e g a s o i l a l t e r n a t i v e s .
Indian Government envisages increasing share of natural gas in the energy mix to 20 per cent by the year 2025 as compared to 10 per cent in the year 2010 and on the other hand, India aims to become 100 % e -vehicles nation by 2030. How will the market dynamics change and what kind of oppor tunities & challenges the industr y is likely to face in the near foreseeable future? B o t h a re p o s i t i ve d e ve l o p m e n t s to w a rd s a m o re e n v i ro n m e n t a l l y s u s t a i n a b l e e n e rg y e c o n o m y. G i ve n t h e s c a l e o f t h e I n d i a n m a r ke t w i t h a c o l l e c t i ve d e m a n d o f 1 0 0 m t p a o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f u e l s, we wo u l d l i ke l y n e e d a c o m b i n a t i o n o f b o t h g a s a n d e - ve h i c l e s to re d u c e t h e e n v i ro n m e n t a l f o o t p r i n t f ro m t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . Wh i l e
The global market oppor tunit y for LNG as a transpor tation
e - ve h i c l e s a re m o re s u i te d to w a rd s t h e p a s s e n g e r s e g m e n t / c i t y
fuel is immense, with the total demand for heav y dut y/marine
o p e r a t i o n s, L N G i s b e t te r g e a re d a s a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f u e l f o r
transpor tation fuels globally aggregating some 1.2 billion tonnes
h e a v y d u t y, l o n g d i s t a n c e h a u l a g e. I n e i t h e r c a s e, d e m a n d f o r
per annum. The transpor tation segment alone represents an over
e n e rg y wo u l d c o n t i n u e to g ro w i n t a n d e m w i t h t h e i n c re a s i n g
four-fold increase compared to the global size of the current LNG
n u m b e r o f ve h i c l e s o n t h e ro a d.
market at 265 mtpa! Of course the entire transpor t segment demand will not switch over to LNG as multiple low carbon solutions are
The key is to enable concer ted development of infrastruc ture in
being considered by the industr y, but the consensus view is that LNG
order to ensure that there isn’t a huge lag on either the demand or
for transpor t applications could easily account for about 70 mtpa of
supply side for either options. A strong pipeline infrastruc ture is
demand by 2025 globally. As a reference point, this is comparable
necessar y for gas to be readily and reliably available at the last mile.
Offshore World | 11 |August-September 2017
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INTERVIEW We also need adequate investments in LNG infrastruc ture as well
from an initial regasification capacit y of 2 million tonnes per annum
as a suppor tive price environment for LNG to ac tually land in the countr y. If the t wo sides are not carefully calibrated, we are likely to
(mtpa) to 3 mtpa in 2008 and then fur ther to 5 mtpa in 2013. In
see a slower transition to a gas based economy.
por t at Hazira through a sub- concession struc ture with over 1,000
A similar fate would await e -vehicles if there aren’t enough charging
container/bulk cargo ships landing at Hazira today ever y year.
points or there is unreliable grid supplies to power the e -vehicles.
There is potential to expand terminal capacit y fur ther based on
Fur ther, an integrated well to wheel approach should be considered for such a transition as electrification of vehicles at the consumer end
addition, we have also facilitated the development of a multicargo
market demand. We have under taken evaluation and technical design work for potential future expansion. Currently, India has sufficient
alone will not reduce the environmental footprint from transpor tation
regasification capacit y for the current size of the Indian gas market.
if power generation at source is from coal, for instance.
The timing of the expansion would, therefore, be subjec t to suitable
Majority of LNG business in India is with the PSUs who are
oppor tunities in the market.
significantly investing in expansion of their infrastruc ture.
With the government’s plan to more than double the share of natural
What kind of space does that leave for the private players
gas in India’s energy mix, much of the supply would have to be
engaged in this business?
met by LNG. For that to happen, there is a urgent need to press
As a rapidly expanding economy, India’s energy requirements are immense. The Gas4India campaign of the Indian government envisages a major share of natural gas in the nation’s energy basket. Against this backdrop, there is plent y of oppor tunit y and space for private companies to grow, with each player crafting its own value proposition for the industr y. Globally, capacit y utilisation of LNG terminals is t ypically in the range of 40-50% as there are several components in the LNG value chain from liquefac tion, shipping, por t availabilit y and storage,
for ward with effor ts to generate new demand centres such as green corridors, smar t cites as well as use of LNG for road, rail and marine transpor tation. If India does surge towards a gas based economy at a faster rate, we would need to harness domestic sources and expand infrastruc ture for LNG impor t terminals, floating storage, re gasification facilities, gas transpor tation, etc. What are the recent and ongoing research and development programs in the Natural Gas sec tor, and how will they benefit the industr y to sustain competition with renewable resources?
each layer adding its own level of uncer taint y on operations. In a traditional tramline LNG value chain model, with high utilisation level of the terminal, there is ver y little room to offer any flexibilit y to customers. Given the changing dynamics of the industr y with customers keen on shor ter, flexible construc ts, at Hazira we have
There are a large number of research and development programs under way in the natural gas sec tor across ever y par t of the value chain which seek to address issues ranging from cost reduc tion to environment sustainabilit y, discover y of new sources, market
focussed on flexibilit y as a key value proposition. Other players in the
expansion for natural gas and faster, distributed infrastruc ture.
industr y would likewise create their own unique value propositions
Shell, which is the majorit y shareholder in Hazira, is a pioneer in the
for their respec tive customers.
Floating LNG space with Prelude at the upstream end of the value
Tell us about the current infrastruc ture at Hazira LNG
chain, as well as LNG to transpor t initiatives at the downstream
terminal and plans for future expansions.
end. In addition, Shell has also announced the formation of its New
On the infrastruc ture front for Natural Gas supplies, how do
space, as well as concepts looking at synergies bet ween natural gas
you compare India with other emerging nations
as a clean & green fossil fuel and the renewables sec tor.
Energies division which is looking at investments in the renewables
Hazira LNG is a world-scale LNG terminal together with por t infrastruc ture that has now completed 12 years of operations. Since the commission of Hazira LNG in 2005, the terminal has expanded www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 12 | August-September 2017
NEXT ISSUE FOCUS: HSE IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY The October – November 2017 issue of Offshore World publication is themed on HSE in oil and gas industry. Health, safety, and the environment (HSE) remains among the top priorities for oil and gas companies. The best approach to HSE in the oil and gas industry is prevention. As the oil and gas industry is undergoing an intense focus on safety and environmental risk preparedness and mitigation, Offshore World aims to cover the opinions and latest technical insights of the stakeholders from the entire value chain of the natural gas industry.
Some of the topics, the issue targets – • • • •
Safety and Injury Hazards Health and Illnesses Hazards Risk Management Process Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS
• Exploring the complexity of deep well production • Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) and Consequence modeling of offshore facilities • Oil Spill Preparedness
For editorial submission in Offshore World, please contact: Mittravinda Ranjan-Editor, Offshore World, Email: mittra_ranjan@jasubhai.com)
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FEATURES
Strategic Design Considerations for LNG Terminals
T
h e I n d i a n g a s m a r ke t i s p ro j e c te d to b e o n e o f t h e f a s te s t
annum (MMTPA) plant at Jafrabad in G ujarat. The new FSRU will be
growing in the world during the nex t t wo decades. To help
moored to a fixed jett y.
f a c i l i t ate t h i s t h e I n d i a n g ove r n m e nt a i m s to s i g n i f i ca nt ly
increase liquefied natural gas (LNG) impor t capacit y by 2022. This
Although marine and storage requirements need to be considered
ar ticle gives an over view of key considerations during the development
in the selec tion of the terminal site, perhaps more impor tant are
and design phases of an LNG impor t terminal projec t.
the potential safet y and environmental aspec ts of a par ticular site. Many jurisdic tions have quite detailed requirements for siting an
M a n y s u b t l e f a c to r s e n t e r i n t o l i q u e f i e d n a t u r a l g a s ( L N G ) i m p o r t
LNG facilit y. These requirements can include regulations covering
te rm i n a l p ro j e c t d e c i s i o n s. B l a c k & Ve atc h h a s b e e n i nvo lve d i n t h e
ever ything from fish habitat, air emissions and surrounding proper ties
d e ve l o p m e n t a n d d e s i g n o f m o re t h a n 2 5 L N G i m p o r t te r m i n a l s.
to the potential impac t of an incident.
Th e c o m p a n y h a s p e r f o r m e d wo r k r a n g i n g f ro m d e s k to p s t u d i e s, to d e s i g n a n d p e r m i t t i n g, t o f u l l e n g i n e e r i n g, p ro c u re m e n t a n d
One of the most impor tant criterion to consider for siting is how the
construction (EPC) responsibilit y for terminals in India, the
plant will get the necessar y seawater into and out of the facilit y. The
A m e r i c a s, Eu ro p e a n d Af r i c a .
required frequenc y and size of LNG carriers can also heavily influence
To design a safe, efficient and cost- effec tive terminal, a number of
site selec tion. Environmental impac ts arising from shipping and the
fac tors require careful attention: • Terminal siting and environmental fac tors. • Storage tank size and requirements. • Marine considerations. • Vaporization technology selec tion. • Oppor tunities for integration with adjacent industrial facilities. It is impor tant to note that these factors are not entirely independent of one another. For example, both LNG storage capacit y and marine design are influenced by ship size, coastal and shipping constraints and terminal throughput. Additionally, LNG impor t terminals can be land-based or floating. In some cases, the floating LNG application was selec ted to reduce the overall projec t schedule time to star tup, while in other situations this application was used to mitigate siting constraints. I n J u l y 2 0 1 7 Sw a n L N G Pr i v ate L i m i te d a w a rd e d B l a c k & Ve atc h t h e E P C c o n t r a c t t o d e l i v e r I n d i a’s f i r s t f l o a t i n g s t o r a g e a n d re g a s i f i c a t i o n u n i t ( F S R U ) , f o r t h e 5 m i l l i o n m e t r i c t o n n e s p e r www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 14 | August-September 2017
FEATURES
type of LNG vaporization often determine the viability of a prospective
carriers that will discharge cargos at the terminal. In addition, factors
site and the designs of the facilit y.
such as weather delays and tide changes must be considered when determining the amount of storage required bet ween ship arrivals.
Although originally developed for use in the United States, many
Although larger tanks have been construc ted, a t ypical industr y tank
jurisdictions around the world use National Fire Protection Association
size is 150,000 cubic meters (m3) to 180,000 m3. When one considers
(NFPA) 59A, Standard for the Produc tion, Storage, and Handling of
that carriers of over 260,000 m3 are in the fleet, it is easy to see that
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), as a reference when establishing LNG
multiple tanks are often required for a terminal.
terminals. In addition to these widely recognized standards, numerous local codes are t ypically followed for the design and operation of
In addition to ship size, another impor tant design parameter is how
LNG terminals.
often ships will arrive and the expec ted range of LNG send- out rates. Because weather plays an impor tant par t in the ability of a ship to dock
Fac tors such as the impac t on the local communit y and adjacent
and load/unload LNG, a clear understanding and study of expec ted
industrial areas often dic tate the suitabilit y of a potential terminal
weather and marine conditions is a must. The general prac tice in
site. Analyses of potential vapor dispersion and thermal radiation
the industr y is that before an LNG carrier is connec ted at the ber th
impac ts have become much more detailed than just a few years ago.
and begins discharging its cargo, the terminal must have sufficient
Numerical techniques such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
capacit y available to store the entire cargo.
m o d e l i n g a n d t h e u s e o f a p p ro ve d c a l c u l a t i o n p ro t o c o l s ( a l o n g with risk assessment studies) are par t of modern terminal siting
An o t h e r f a c to r a f f e c t i n g s to ra g e co s t i s t h e t y p e o f t a n k d e s i gn .
considerations.
Generally, large LNG tanks are construc ted according to one of three design t ypes: single, double or full containment. The choice of tank
B ecause storage requirements are often the largest single par t of the
design is not only based on tank erec tion cost but also on safet y and
terminal capital investment, they are often the focus of potential cost
location. Generally, single containment tanks have a single metal
savings. However, storage cost is largely driven by the size of the LNG
wall capable of storing cr yogenic LNG and a secondar y containment
Offshore World | 15 |August-September 2017
www.oswindia.com
FEATURES
provided by an ear then berm. Full containment tanks are constructed
(both initial and maintenance) and por t restric tions. In addition,
with a metal LNG storage container surrounded by a full concrete
p a ra m e te r s s u c h a s b at hy m e t r y, s p a ce f o r s h i p m a n e u ve ri n g, t u g
struc ture that provides the secondar y containment.
o p e rat i o n , wate r d e p t h , t i d e va ri at i o n s a n d wave a c t i o n a re ke y. It is critical, early in the design process, that these parameters be
D o u b l e co nt a i n m e nt t a n k s s u b s t i t u te a co n c re te o u te r s t r u c t u re
researched and the projec t approach and basis be documented. It
for the ear then berm for secondar y liquid containment, but do not
is also impor tant that a dialog be established with the local por t
provide secondar y containment for evolved LNG vapor. Few double
authorit y and pilots association.
c o n t a i n m e n t t a n k s a re b e i n g c o n s t r u c t e d b e c a u s e t h e y h a ve n o significant advantage over other designs and have higher relative
Once ship size, ber thing requirements and mooring requirements are
costs. B ecause of the bermed containment area, single containment
known, the mooring struc ture, loading arms, piping and equipment
tanks require more plot area than full containment tanks. However,
must be considered. In addition, the safet y protocols that will be
full containment tanks have higher costs and longer erection schedules
obser ved during LNG transfers must be documented as par t of the
than single containment tanks, which must be considered in the overall
design basis. Employing a marine contractor with both LNG and local
designs and economics of the facilit y.
experience is vital.
Terminal designers must consider marine fac tors such as expec ted
Many different vaporization technologies are in use in LNG impor t
s h i p s i ze ( l e n g t h , d ra f t, e tc. ) , c h a n n e l t ra f f i c, d re d g i n g re q u i re d
terminals around the globe. These can be categorized into a few
www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 16 | August-September 2017
Offshore World is an all-encompassing magazine for the hydrocarbon and allied industries. A bi-monthly magazine, launched in December 2003, Offshore World disseminates authen c, cri cal and well-researched informa on on global hydrocarbon industry innova ons. The magazine offers latest and strategic informa on on the upstream and downstream hydrocarbon industry. The endeavour of Offshore World is to become a vehicle in making “Hydrocarbon Vision 2025” a reality in terms of technologies, markets and new direc ons, and to stand as a medium of reflec on of the achievements and aspira ons of Indian hydrocarbon industry. Circula on: 25,370
OSW Target Segments
OSW Reader’s Profile
5% Hydrocarbon Explora on 10% Hydrocarbon Processing 20% Drilling and Equipment Manufacturers 10% Development and Produc on Companies 13% Transporta on and Logis cs Companies 12% Refining and Marke ng Companies 15% Plant, Machinery and Equipment Providers 10% Technology Solu on and Service Providers 5% Safety , Health and Environment
12%
13%
• CEOs & Senior Management of Oil Companies • Petroleum Engineers & Refineries Contractors • Project Managers • Refining & Pipeline Engineers • Corrosion Control Engineers • Opera ons Managers • Technical Managers • Safety Managers & Engineers • Purchase Managers • Marke ng Execu ves • Pollu on Control Specialists • R&D Personnel • Industry Consultants • Engineering & EPC Consultants • Indian & Overseas Industry • Associa ons • Training Ins tutes
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FEATURES
classifications depending on the medium used to warm the LNG:
location is too high, corrosion can be an issue. Seawater to freshwater
• Open rack vaporizers--water falling over LNG tubes.
exchange can be utilized, but this process adds cost. There are still
• S u b m e rg e d co m b u s t i o n va p o r i ze r s - - L N G h e ate d i n a l i q u i d b at h ,
locations where the use of open rack vaporizers is a good choice, but these facilities are less common than they once were.
t ypically fueled by natural gas. • Heat exchange vaporizers--via shell and tube exchange and an ex ternal fluid heatin g loop.
At one time, most LNG facilities around the world used open rack v a p o r i z a t i o n . Th i s s t y l e o f v a p o r i ze r u s e s s e a w a t e r d i s t r i b u t e d over heated finned tubes to vaporize the LNG. Operating expenses for open rack vaporizers include elec tricit y for pumping water and a ny n e e d e d f i l te ri n g o r t re at i n g o f t h e i n l e t s e awate r. Th i s t y p e
Submerged combustion vaporizers burn fuel to generate the heat needed to vaporize the LNG. In locations where the use of seawater is restricted, these vaporizers are common. For example, many of the older LNG facilities in Europe and Nor th America use this style of vaporizer. Although these vaporizers are efficient, they still consume fuel and have air emissions. In addition, the combustion air blowers that are
of vaporizer has become less common in new designs because of
par t of these systems consume electrical power. The operating cost
considerations surrounding the use of large volumes of seawater and
for a modest-sized LNG impor t terminal using submerged combustion
potential environmental impac ts to sea life from cooling the water
vaporizers can run into the tens of millions of U.S. dollars per year.
used in vaporization. In addition, if the distance to the open sea is
Because they are relatively compac t and can be put into operation
considerable, expensive seawater pumping and piping systems can
quickly, submerged combustion vaporizers are at least a par t of the
be required. And, if the mineral content of the water in the terminal
vaporization system in many new LNG impor t terminals.
www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 18 | August-September 2017
FEATURES Heat exchange vaporizers are used in an attempt to overcome the
• The Peñuelas facilit y for EcoElec trica in Puer to R ico. B lack & Veatch
limitations of other vaporizer types. Generally, these units are large
was one of many contrac tors involved in the design and construc tion
heat exchangers that conduct energy from either warm water or warm
of this facilit y. The power plant has the abilit y to generate elec tricit y
air to the LNG to be vaporized. Because of the potential for freezing, the
using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), LNG and other fuels. It is heat
design of these exchangers is specialized. For example, in the case of a
integrated with the LNG impor t facilit y and ver y flexible. It is one of
water heated shell and tube exchanger, the water side of the exchanger
the ver y few facilities with a U.S. permit to use double containment
could freeze and burst if a tube ruptures. Often, the water has added
LNG storage.
glycol to minimize the impact of the ver y cold LNG, but even that can
• The successful construc tion of the Energia Costa A zul terminal in
freeze. In warmer climates, the water used to vaporize the LNG is heated
Baja California, Mexico. This facilit y includes t wo 160,000 m3 full
using the ambient air, but in more ex treme climates, some other heat
containment LNG storage tanks and seawater open rack vaporizers
source is often required. Air heated units may have ice buildup from the
and is completely self-sufficient in terms of power generation and
moisture in the air. Often, multiple parallel units must be installed to
freshwater produc tion.
allow some exchangers to thaw while others are in ser vice. The main advantage of heat exchange vaporizers is that the source of heat is essentially “free” and that little energy is needed for operation. However, these vaporizers are not without their environmental impacts. The use of toxic glycols and discharge of condensed water can affect a design. As can be seen from the discussion of LNG vaporizers, some heat source is often needed to vaporize the LNG. Therefore, LNG impor t terminals are often candidates for integration with adjoining facilities. Black & Veatch has developed designs for integration with power plants,
• Co m p l e t e d e s i g n p a c k a g e s f o r U. S . F e d e r a l E n e r g y R e g u l a t o r y Commission (FERC) facilities: detailed design packages for p e r m i t t i n g f o r ove r 1 0 N o r t h Am e r i ca n L N G i m p o r t te r m i n a l s f o r submissions to FERC, including Cheniere Sabine Pa ss te rm i n a l, th e Sempra Cameron facilit y at Hackberr y, Louisiana, and the O ccidental Chemical Corporat ion (Ox yChem) LNG terminal in I n g le si d e, Texa s. For t he Ox yChem LNG terminal, B lack & Veatch inte grate d th e L NG terminal into t he ex ist ing facilit y for t he supply o f a ll h e at f o r th e plant vaporizat ion.
chemical plants and other industrial par tners. For example, in a power plant, a large por tion of the energy used to generate steam is ultimately rejected in a steam condenser. The power produced is a function of the outlet pressure and temperature of the steam turbine condenser. This condenser is limited by the temperature of the cooling system. By exchanging heat with an LNG impor t terminal, a much cooler condenser outlet can be achieved and more power can be produced for a given
Anand Narayanaswami, Direc tor, Business D evelopment (Oil & Gas), Black & Veatch India
amount of fuel. Because many LNG impor t terminals are co-located with power plants, this type of integration can be a significant boost to project economics, both in reduced energy consumed by the LNG terminal and increased energy produced by the power plant. In fact, LNG vaporization “cold” can be used in a number of ways, including cooling for chemical plants, mineral processing and refrigerated storage.
Shawn D. Hoffar t, Vice President, LNG Technology, Black & Veatch
Black & Veatch References • In 2015 IOCL awarded a Black & Veatch led consor tium the contrac t for a new LNG receiving terminal at Ennore. Black & Veatch is leading the EPC and commissioning work on a turnkey basis. The terminal will be the first- of-its-kind on India’s east coast, with a send- out capacity
Dale Williams, Vice President, Projec t Direc tor, Black & Veatch
of five million tonnes. Offshore World | 19 |August-September 2017
www.oswindia.com
FEATURES
Small-Scale LNG: A Growing Niche Th e ove r s u p plie d a nd c he a p lique f ie d natural gas (LN G) markets has l ed to changed LNG dynami cs c h a ra c te r i s e d by high volume s a nd diversified LNG trade. This has al l owed smal l -sc al e LN G ( S S LNG ) to ex p a n d w h i l e pav ing way for natura l gas consumption to niche markets in a l ow gas price re g i me. Thi s h a s c re ate d g re ate r oppor tunitie s for co untries to c urb their emissions to meet the increasing ly s t r i ng e nt g l o b a l re q u i re me nts, a longs ide me e ting their increased energy demand.
A
ccording to International Energy Agenc y’s (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2016, Natural gas is set to play a bigger role in global
million tones per annum (MTPA), while SSLNG carriers are defined as
primar y energy mix in its New Policies S cenario , wherein
. Thus, SSLNG is a step in the conventional value LNG chain, whereby
the share of natural gas share would increase by around 49% from
LNG is used as a fuel by industrial users, road and maritime transpor t
2,893 million tonnes of oil equivalent (MTOE) in 2014 to 4313 MTOE
in a limited size. In addition, it can also be used to designate smaller
in 2040 . IEA’s Analysis and Forecasts to 2022 (GAS 2017) projec ts
LNG regasification terminals or ships.
gas demand to grow at 1.6% per year until 2022 , of which 90% demand comes from developing economies led by China and India. This would result in increase in gas consumption from 3630 BCM in 2016 to 4000 BCM in 2022. SSLNG thus, have a greater role to play in future natural gas demand. SSLNG under low gas price regime has an oppor tunit y to grow as a power ful alternative to large -scale conventional LNG plants, which are complex, capital intensive in nature and require several years of development, until they become operational. Unlike conventional LNG, which are often located far from the point of use resulting in transpor tation time and cost, SSLNG can be set up close to the end usage to meet instant gas demand. SSLNG phenomenon is not new as the dawn of LNG industr y featured small LNG carriers and terminals. Compared to existing LNG cargoes averaging 160000 cubic metres (m 3 ), the size of LNG carriers built in the 1960s and 1970s was in the range of 30000-90000 m3. As far as terminals were concerned, in 1964, the first terminal in Canvey island in the UK was equipped with six tanks having installed capacit y of 4,000 ton each. Thus, such carriers and terminals are considered under
vessels with a LNG storage capacit y of less than 30,000 cubic metres
SSLNG can be sourced from either existing conventional liquefac tion or re - gasification facilit y or by a small-scale liquefac tion facilit y itself. This way it can ser ve wide range of end-users in niche areas by providing flexibilit y in faster installation and coping with robust gas demand in these areas compared to a conventional LNG value chain. SSLNG is therefore, an innovative and cost- efficient way of getting gas to end users that have localised, flexible or geographically scattered gas requirements, not ser ved through pipeline -based gas system . Key drivers for SSLNG developments Though, key drivers for SSLNG, such as environment, economic and geopolitics, are derived from conventional LNG value chain, it is the global commoditization of LNG itself, which is a catalyst to future LNG growth. This is helping to provide a solid base for the emergence of new LNG applications and markets . The main drivers for future growth of SSLNG are as under: Environmental fac tors: Seeking cleaner environment is the biggest reasons behind SSLNG growth. There has been an increased focus on
the categor y of SSLNG, at present .
emission reduction prompting vessel owners and char terers to comply What is SSLNG?
with the regulation. For instance, International Maritime Organisation
International Gas Union (IGU) defines small scale liquefac tion and
has set up Emission Control Areas (ECAs) through a stric ter sulphur
regasification facilities as plants having a capacit y of less than 1
dioxide (Sox) regulation for shipping in the Baltic Sea, the Nor th Sea
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Offshore World | 20 | August-September 2017
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FEATURES and the English Channel. Under ECAs, the sulphur content of fuel oil
The environmental credentials of natural gas in improving the local air
must be less than 1% by weight, falling to 0.1% after Januar y 1,
qualit y, its comparative advantage with respec t to higher efficienc y
2015. Outside ECAs, the limit is 3.5%, which will come to 0.5% after
over coal fired power plants, lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Januar y 1, 2020.
relative to other fossil fuels, and suitabilit y for par tnering
Economic factors: Given the energy cost advantage SSLNG has over
with renewables as a back-up fuel has increased its usage across
alternative energy sources, such as diesel, and conventional LNG for
the globe. However, it is the LNG expor ts by the U.S. resulting from
end-users, particularly in the absence of pipeline infrastructure, makes it
its shale revolution, which has geopolitically pushed the growth of
economically attractive. The present low gas scenario also allows SSLNG to
natural gas. Recently, there has been a significant shift in U.S. energy
grow by replacing conventional LNG liquefaction projects, yet to reach a
p o l i c y, w h e re i n n at u ra l g a s ex p o r t s h ave b e co m e a m a j o r p o l i c y
final investment decision. Unless the costs of these projects are reduced to
instrument of Trump Administration going a long way in helping curb
meet the new lower gas prices, more numbers of planned LNG liquefaction projects could be either delayed, or scaled down or put permanently on hold, creating more room for floating LNG liquefaction (FLNG). Similarly, due to time and the cost advantage it has in construction, floating storage and regasification units (FSRUs) are on rise over the last seven-eight years and are gradually replacing onshore LNG import terminals, thereby absorbing more and quicker gas imports. Increased LNG liquefaction plants too has helped create demand for additional FSRUs.
their trade deficit with countries like China and India. Wh i l e l a rg e L N G co n s u m e r s, s u c h a s i n t h e Eu ro p e h a s b e e n t h e impor tant focus of U.S. LNG expor ts, fur ther expansion of global LNG demand is possible if such expor ts reach niche markets, making the role of SSLNG vital. T h e s m a l l e r m a r k e t s f o r L N G d e m a n d i s g ro w i n g, w h e re i n a m i d
M o re o ve r, L N G i s i n c re a s i n g l y b e i n g u s e d a s a f u e l, p a r t i c u l a r l y over the past decade. Accordingly, owners and operators of ships, busses, heav y trucks, locomotives and drilling equipment are actively seeking LNG for their vehicles, forcing engine manufacturers to begin designing and building a range of natural gas and dual fuel engines for use with LNG. Thus, there has been rise in both LNG trucks and refuelling infrastruc ture. For instance, China have around 3,00,000 LNG trucks (2015), which is largest in the world. It is fur ther aiming to create LNG refuelling infrastructure with around 3,000 LNG refuelling stations by 2025 from 2,600 in 2005 . In Europe, the ‘Blue Corridors’ is under way to build LNG fuelling infrastruc ture, par ticularly for heav y trucking. This corridor includes 14 LNG or L-CNG stations on critical points/locations in the Blue Corridors and the building–up of a fleet of approx. 100 LNG Heavy Duty Vehicles operating along the corridors .
slow pace of onshore liquefaction proposals and depressed char ter rates, several FLNG projec ts, par ticularly small-scale, a re u n d e r d e v e l o p m e n t . The case of SSLNG in India O w i n g to i n c re a s e d d e m a n d f o r p owe r, f e r t i l i ze r a n d a u to m o t i ve sec tors, India would lead the LNG growth in the rest of Asia, after China. To push towards gas-based economy, government has f orm ul ate d s eve ra l p ol i ci e s, wh ic h i n cl d es, i nc rea s in g i m po r t s o f cheaper and abundantly available LNG. However, to propel the LNG growth, government has taken steps to expand SSLNG distribution. There are plans to expand LNG terminals through FSRUs, par ticularly in the eastern coast of India to fix regional
Geopolitical fac tors: The future of natural gas also rests on
imbalance of gas grid, under a broader ‘Urja Ganga’ projec t. Out of
emerging geopolitical dynamics where there is an interplay of gas
five proposed FSRUs having total capacities of 21.5 MTPA, t wo are in
expor ting and impor ting countries. Like conventional LNG value chain,
West B engal. This projec t would cater to the needs of fer tilizer units,
small-scale value chain too offers independence from transit countries
refineries, petrochemical plants, and industrial units in the Eastern
and flexibility in its value chain through greater geographical outreach
India region, covering states like West B engal, Uttar Pradesh and
which expands beyond the conventional value chain.
O disha, besides expansion of cit y gas distribution net work .
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Offshore World | 22 | August-September 2017
FEATURES The growth in SSLNG would get fur ther momentum with spur the
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this ar ticle are personal.
demand for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), as noted by
Manish Vaid, Junior Fellow, Obser ver Research Foundation (ORF), New
Dr. Mahesh Gupta, President, PHD Chamber. According to him , “new
Delhi, with research interests in energy policy and geopolitics.
LNG prices regime would propel several gas fed industries in large sector including host of MSMEs in segments such as glass and ceramic
1.
IEA. “World Energy Outlook, 2016”. pp. 67. http://www.iea.org/ Textbase/nppdf/stud/16/WEO_2016.pdf
for economic viabilit y, which other wise was killing these sec tors due to LNG price regime which was as high as $12-13 per million British
2.
IEA. “Gas 2017 – Analysis and Forecasts to 2022.
thermal unit (mBtu)”.
3.
IGU. ‘2017 World LNG Report’, International Gas Union, Spain, 2017
4.
Ibid.
5.
International Energy Agency (IEA). ‘The Asian Quest for LNG in a
Government, along with Inland Water ways Authorit y of India (IWAI),
Globalising Market’, IEA, 2014.
has also decided to promote the LNG fuel for craft that sail the Ganges by replacing diesel. IWAI in this regard, is planning to supply LNG
6.
KPMG. ‘Natural Gas – A road towards a cleaner and prosperous future’, Petrotech-2016.
bunkers from Sahibganj and G azipur, with fur ther investments in inland storage and distribution of LNG by initially focussing on the
7.
Ibid.
stretches of Ganges bet ween Varanasi and Kolkata . For this, India is
8.
Ziegenfuss, Joanna Martin. ‘Big Break Through For Small Scale LNG’, Oil Price, September 13, 2016.
also looking to collaborate with Nor way, which has developed SSLNG for more than 10 years.
9.
LNG Blue Corridors. http://lngbc.eu/node/2
10.
PHDCCI. http://w w w.phdcci.in/index.php?route=information/ news&news_id=341
Besides these plans, in November 2016, India’s first LNG-powered truck has already rolled out in Kerala, following which, in March 2017, the
11.
waterways’, LNG World Shipping, May 5, 2017.
Road, Transpor t and Highways Ministr y has given approval to use of LNG as automobile fuel. Government has fur ther notified changes in gas c ylinder norms to pave way for LNG fuelling stations on the line
Thomas, Karen. ‘India develops small-scale LNG plan for inland
12.
Dutta, Sanjay. ‘India trucking into gas age as govt clears norms for LNG stations’, Times of India, August 26, 2017.
with CNG stations in India . Thus, to suppor t India’s gas-based economy plan through increase L N G i m p o r t s i n a m o re e f f e c t i ve m a n n e r, i t i s i m p o r t a nt f o r t h e government to offer LNG as a viable alternative fuel to meet the demands of regional and niche markets by developing sustainable SSLNG distribution net work. This necessitates the increased usage of gas by identifying MSMEs in different par ts of the countr y. Th e ro l e o f c o m p a n i e s l i ke ‘ S a h a j G a n g a’, a s a s e r v i c e p ro v i d e r, would hence become impor tant as they would ac t as an intermediate bet ween large suppliers and small customers. Under this mechanism they can facilitate LNG as a fuel in ships, trucks, locomotives while a l s o o f f e r i n g a s a n a l te r n at i ve to d i e s e l a n d n a p ht h a to s e ve ra l i n d u s t r i e s. I n d i a wo u l d d o we l l to p o we r i t s b u s s e s a n d t r u c k s, which travel longer distance in single fill by LNG as a base fuel. All these steps would help India to cut down its crude oil impor ts to a significant ex tent. Offshore World | 23 |August-September 2017
Manish Vaid Junior Fellow Obser ver Research Foundation manishv@or fonline.org
www.oswindia.com
FEATURES
Smal l S cale LNG – T h e C h a n gi n g La n ds c a p e o f In d i an LNG Indust r y The stor y of gas in India began in 1970’s. A countr y of over 1.2 Billion people with rising energy requirements and high growth rate has in the past couple of decades met with challenges of rising pollution level in its vast metros like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad besides other highly polluting industrial cities / towns. While Natural Gas was initially considered as a fuel / feedstock for large industries like Power, Fer tilizers, Petrochem, Ceramics etc., the Supreme Cour t of India, in 1992 gave a landmark judgement to conver t all commercial diesel vehicles in Delhi from Diesel to CNG in a phased manner. This fur ther pushed the Government to take the oppor tunity to initiate a Cit y Gas Programme in Delhi which was subsequently planned across the nation; the primar y objec tive being to control the rising pollution / emissions (GHG – Greenhouse Gas) and to cur tail the rising crude impor t bill and consequent high current account deficit. Being deficient in gas prompted the Government of India to give a push to LNG impor ts. Consequently, India’s first LNG Terminal at Dahej was set up by Petronet LNG Limited (PLL) in 2004 as a joint venture of GAIL, ONGC, IOCL, BPCL.
I
ndia has always been deficient in gas and prevailing sources and infrastruc ture have always fallen shor t of meeting the growing energy requirements of the countr y. While the primar y energy
The Infrastructure: India today has about 32 MMTPA of installed LNG impor t capacity at
consumption of India has grown at a CAGR of about 5.7% during the
its existing terminal at Dahej, Hazira, Dabhol & Kochi. An additional 26
last plan period 2009 – 2014, the share of natural gas in the energy
MMTPA impor t capacity is under execution at Mundra, Ennore, Pipavav,
mix has dropped from 10% in 2009 to 7% in 2014. The present Central
Jaigarh, Hazira & Dhamra. Additional 23 MMTPA capacity is at various
Government of India plans to increase the share of gas in the energy
stages of planning and shor tly to be executed at locations like Charra,
basket to minimum 15% by 2022.
Mangalore, Digha and Gangavaram.
The 2015 PPAC repor t indicates a total gas consumption of the countr y
THE LNG OPPORTUNITY – REASONS FOR
at 139 MMSCMD which was met through 86 MMSCMD of domestic gas production and 56 MMSCMD (~15.5 MMTPA) through LNG impor ts. The
While most of the LNG Terminals are concentrated on the Western Coast,
report analysis also indicates an LNG growth rate of 11.1% with increase
a few are planned / under construction on the Eastern Coast too. This
in the share of LNG from 20% in 2010 to about 40% in 2015. The share of LNG in the consumption of gas in India is estimated to improve by
is due to the fact that major energy consumption industries as well as mostly the 17,500 Kms of the existing transmission pipeline network
50% and above by the nex t plan period. The above is also based on the
is concentrated along Western Coastline and up Nor th. The proposed
premise that the INDIA GAS VISION 2030 and the low international LNG
augmentation of over 15,000 kms of additional transmission network
price regime is maintained keeping in view the alternative / disruptive
currently faces major hurdles of viability as well as issues related to
energy sources.
ROU acquisition.
www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 24 | August-September 2017
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Source: www.iwai.nic.in
Also, India has committed itself to control and reduce the GHG emissions and ratified the COP21 Paris agreement as per its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) – reduction in emissions by 33 – 35% of its GDP by 2030 from 2005 levels and to create an additional carbon sink 2.5 – 3 Billion tons of Carbon Dioxide equivalent by 2030. This is a huge task and requires strong political will and transformation capabilities. Reduction of liquid fuels and moving towards alternate energy sources is one of the most effective way to achieve the same. Government of India, has in this direction together with major Oil & Gas Companies taken several policy initiatives. Some of the key and relevant initiative are listed below:www.oswindia.com
•
LNG has been approved as an automotive fuel – intended shifting medium and heavy commercial vehicles and buses on LNG. There is already news of planned LNG highway corridors star ting from New Delhi upto Kochi and Bengaluru.
•
nland water ways Authority has identified 6-7 major water ways to be developed on the major rivers and canals across India (refer enclosed National Water way map). This shall improve movement of goods and reduce cost of transpor tation. The Water ways authority plans to use LNG fueled barges to avoid pollution in the hinterland. Small terminals have been identified on the water ways for LNG storage, distribution and bunkering.
Offshore World | 26 | August-September 2017
FEATURES are shor tly going to become a realit y. Industrial R egas Stations are already witnessing a steady growth in this low LNG price regime. Use of LNG by R ailways, Inland shipping and coast al shipping shall f u r t h e r b o o s t t h e re q u i re m e n t o f S m a l l S c a l e L N G S t o r a g e a n d distribution plants. These shall not only enable LNG to reach the h i nte r l a n d b u t a l s o e n a b l e to re d u ce t h e grow t h d e f i c i t a m o n g s t the various regions within the countr y. The inherent advantages of Small S cale Terminals i.e. flexibilit y and reach can be leveraged to fill the supply and demand gap of Natural G as in India. The major drivers in favor of SSLNG Terminals are: •
Shor t Projec t G estation
•
Lower Capex
•
Sharp reduc tion in infrastruc ture cost – facilit y can be built on existing por ts
•
Projec ts can sur vive on shor t term / spost LNG contrac ts
•
Customers acquisition relatively easier on shor t term contrac ts
•
Distribution through LNG road tankers – flexibilit y to customers and less dependence on gas pipeline infrastruc ture
Source: www.newindianexpress.com
•
TG E G a s E n g i n e e r i n g P v t. Lt d. i s a 1 0 0 % s u b s i d i a r y o f TG E G a s
M i ni st r y o f sh ippin g h as unveiled its pres tigious SAGARMALA / OCEAN NECKLACE projec t (refer the ocean necklace map below) that e nv i sa g e s 1 2 major an d 1 4 n on -major por ts alon g t he 7,500 kms of Indian Coastline. These por ts shall promote movement of goods
E n g i n e e r i n g G m b H , m e m b e r o f C I M C g r o u p, b r i n g s w i t h i t a n experience of over t wo decades in design, engineering, procurement and construc tion of LNG Terminals together with LNG solutions for storage and distribution.
along the coastline / from West to East Coast. Cochin Shipyard has a l re a dy e nte red into agreement with E IL to des ign and build LNG p owe re d shi p s an d barges.
•
I n d i a n R a i l w a y s p l a n t o i n d u c t L N G l o c o m o t i ve s o f 1 – 3 M W capacity to gradually phase out the ageing fleet of Diesel Lo co m o t i ve s. A pilot projec t to conver t D ies el Powered engine to D u e l Fu e l ( D i es el – L N G ) is on un der wa y.
OPPOR TUNITIES IN SMALL SC ALE LNG (SSLNG) As the demand of impor ted gas is increasing and the R-LNG transmission capacit y is limited, a vast oppor tunit y arises in small LNG Terminals across the coastline and the hinterland to meet the growing demand / shif ting fuel requirements from liquid fuels to
M K Manu Managing Direc tor - India Branch TGE Gas Engineering Private Limited Manvendra.Manu@tgeindia.com
gas. CGD projec ts on LNG and L-CNG Fueling Stations on highways Offshore World | 27 |August-September 2017
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FEATURES
Integrated Floating Power with LNG Regasification Facility Global LNG businesses are becoming more competitive, driven by an oversupplied market and a requirement of flexibility by the LNG offtakers. Most LNG market analysts appear to concur that this situation will remain over the near-term while the LNG trade shifts toward a spot market environment. Taking advantage of low LNG prices, many countries have developed LNG regasification capacity based on Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRU) technology to provide new channels of baseload feedstock for power plants. A possible new development to further satisfy the market demand is the integration of a Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) on a ship with a LNG regasification system.
T
here are some developments in the industr y integrating both facilities on a ship to produce power in a range of 400 – 800 MW. These developments, which are still to demonstrate their
Maximum utilisation of the cold energy is achieved when it is used for both chilling the inlet air to the Gas Turbine and chilling the cooling water used for the Steam Cycle (SC).
feasibility and cost effectiveness in the years to come, would avoid the need of fuel struc tures in remote areas and would be easy to deploy and eventually to decommission. It is expec ted that a floating power plant could moor at a selec ted site for three to five years on a leasing
Gas turbines are air-based engines, with operating efficiencies directly sensitive to ambient conditions. The effects of ambient air through an actual gas turbine, which are ignored in ideal models, must be considered.
agreement, or larger periods under a PPA. A possible gas to power solution that would optimize installation cost would be to consider the refurbishment of existing surplus LNG carriers into power ships. Limitations might exist however, in terms of available plot for the large power plants due to the ship size. Current concepts of this solution limit the power output to 400 MW. Other concepts consider building a fit-for-purpose ship, which would likely come at a high upfront cost. In this sense, alternative designs might be explored to maximize p o we r o u t p u t a n d re d u ce i nve s t m e nt co s t. Th u s p l a nt e f f i c i e n c y i n re g a s i f i c a t i o n o f L N G a s w e l l a s i n p o w e r p ro d u c t i o n n e e d s to be of the highest possible efficienc y. As it is well known LNG re g a s i f i c a t i o n i s a n i n t e n s i ve t h e r m a l e n e rg y e xc h a n g e p ro c e s s, such thermal energy can be recovered not only to optimise power plants produc tion in different ways, but also for other uses such as water desalinisation. The proposed scheme is as follows:
In this case, the LNG is vaporised in a vaporiser by a heat transfer (HT) fluid (warm water from the cooling circuit of the steam cycle condenser). Downstream in the LNG Vaporiser, the HT fluid is used to cool the inlet-air stream to a gas turbine to approximately 7C, thus increasing the power output of the gas turbine due to the improvement of the specific mass per volume unit of the air. Typical gas turbine output increases by ~7% per 10C decrease of inlet air temperature. Air inlet of the turbine is set at such temperature because condensation of water could occur if temperature is lower than 7C, which would damage the turbine. The HT fluid will flow downstream to the condenser of the SC and will close the loop returning to the LNG Vaporiser. SC efficiency will also improve in comparison with a standard SC cycle of a CCPP, due to a lower vacuum pressure of the steam condenser achieved by the injection of the cold water of the cooling circuit. This enlarges the expansion phase and therefore more power is generated in the steam turbine. The impact of cooling water on the SC power performance is significant. The optimal amount of cooling water depends primarily on cooling water temperature and power demand. Exhaust gases from the Gas Turbine of the CCPP are used to in the Heat
Offshore World | 29 |August-September 2017
www.oswindia.com
FEATURES
Figure 1: Process Scheme Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) to produce steam for the steam cycle. Once such gases passed through the HRSG they are delivered to be used in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) that will be used to heat up sea water. The ORC is considered to use pentane as thermal fluid. In this system, the heat from the exhaust gases of the CCPP generates superheated pentane vapor in the vapor generator; the vapor is led to a turbine to move a reciprocating pump, and then condensed by the feed seawater which gets preheated. The reciprocating pump driven by the turbine pressurizes the preheated seawater going into the Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit. As conceptualized, and besides the vaporisation of the LNG, such scheme would produce: ~150 MW of power output ~ 72 m3/h of fresh water
Why LNG regasification on Jetty? To achieve the highest possible efficiency within the regasification process, and provide an environmental friendly solution, the use of a submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) with the combustor off should be considered. SCVs vaporize LNG inside stainless steel tubes that are submerged in a warm water bath, their thermal efficiency is about 98% and installation costs are lower than other options. As seen in the process scheme above, the heat energy for the water bath of the SCV is provided by the steam condenser of the CCPP. The SCV’s combustor would only ignite as back up in case of peak send-out, or shut off of the CCPP’s steam cycle. SCVs are highly sensitive to movement and would therefore be integrated in a module to be installed on the jetty to avoid any malfunction derived from a floating platform. A jetty would be required to properly moor the ships according to international standards applicable to LNG installations. Therefore the installation of the regasification module on the jetty seems to be the most appropriate option.
Power output of the GT, and therefore of the schematised CCPP, is limited to approximately 100MW. The reason for such a limitation is due to the consideration of the limits in size of the modules to be installed on a ship. In this sense, and in order to produce 750 MW, five integrated CCPP modules would be required.
LNG transfer from the LNGC to the FSU is considered to be transferred Ship-to-Ship (STS). STS for LNG has been approved in international standards (see EN 1474-Part 2) on coastal weather exposed facilities for aerial configurations.
The ORC system, as well as the RO unit would be installed below the main deck of the ship, and the regasification system, as depicted in the picture above, would be installed on a double sided mooring jetty which will also act as a mooring facility for the Floating Storage Unit (FSU) and the LNG carrier (LNGC). www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 30 | August-September 2017
Augusto Bulte Direc tor Gas Monetisation / LNG Amec Foster Wheeler
FEATURES
Floating Storage and Regasif ication Units Outlook in Global Scenario Amid stiff competition from Coal, Wind and Solar and increasing customer requests for more flexible and shorter term LNG/Gas purchase contracts, and the increasing uncertainties surrounding the future of gas demand in a world, it is prudent that the gas industry will need to be innovative if it is to prosper. The development of FSRUs is an example of one such innovation, and I believe that this working paper can provide a fair understanding of this growing industry The opening of new and small markets, which do not have access to existing gas infrastructure and are not confident of future demand levels to construct significant onshore LNG Regasification Facility, will be crucial. As a result, the countries with access to the sea, the availability of flexible, floating storage and regasification units will be vital to reduce the early risks of gas market development. Indeed, these FSRUs can even catalyse the movement towards gas-to-power and gas-to-fertilizer projects that are becoming increasingly popular now a days. In addition to FSRUs there are currently 4 floating storage vessels (FSUs) in operation, one in Malta and 2 in Malaysia. All are converted LNG tankers. There is also a small-scale FSU operating in Bali. A further FSU is currently being constructed for Bahrain LNG.
A
s per a recent repor t published by Oxford Institute for Energy studies, The FSRU business star ted just 16 years ago in 2001 when El Paso contracted with Excelerate Energy to build the
first FSRU vessel for the Gulf Gateway project. Today there are 26 FSRU
Th i s ra p i d g row t h h a s b e e n m a i n ly d u e to t h e l owe r co s t, f a s te r schedule, commercial flexibilit y and reusable asset feature of FSRUs when compared to traditional Onshore LNG Regasification terminals which cannot be relocated and must be regarded as a sunk cost.
vessels of which 23 are operating as terminals and 3 as LNG tankers. A fur ther 10 are currently in construction with options for another 10
Whilst the first FSRUs were based on nominal 130,000 m3 tankers
placed with the Korean (9 FSRUs) and Chinese (1 FSRU) shipyards. A recent IGU repor t estimated that close to 50 FSRUs could be in operation by 2025 with the capacity to impor t close to 200 mtpa i.e. 60% of the world’s LNG production in 2016. This is an incredible growth rate in an industr y which is traditionally regarded as conser vative and offers great oppor tunities to sell LNG into new markets.
with send out rates of 2-3 mtpa the more recent vessels are larger - t ypically 173,000 m3 and send out rates up to 6 mtpa. The FSRUs currently in construc tion offer the same full processing capabilit y as land based terminals including full boil- off gas management facilities using recondensers. Cost and Time Factor
In addition to FSRUs there are currently 4 floating storage vessels (FSUs) in operation, one in Malta and 2 in Malaysia. All are conver ted
The cost of a new FSRU can t ypically represent only 50-60% of an
LNG tankers. There is also a small-scale FSU operating in Bali. A fur ther
o n s h o re te r m i n a l a n d b e d e l i ve re d i n h a l f t h e t i m e. N e w b u i l d s
FSU is currently being construc ted for Bahrain LNG
t ypically cost $240-300m and can be construc ted in 27-36 months. Offshore World | 31 |August-September 2017
www.oswindia.com
FEATURES 3 MMTPA, 180000 Meter Cube Storage
the infrastruc ture) this would estimate the OPEX at $8.75m/y i.e. $24,000/day.
Component
Onshore New Build FSRU
Jett y and Piping
80
80
Unloading Lines
100
NA
Tank (180000 Meter Cube)
180
In FSRU
FSRU Vessel
NA
250
Th e m a j o r F S R U o w n e r s a re o f te n re f e r re d to a s s e r v i c e p ro v i d e r s a n d a re a l l we l l - e s t a b l i s h e d L N G t a n ke r c o m p a n i e s. Th e l e a d i n g c o m p a n i e s a r e G o l a r L N G , H ö e g h L N G a n d E x c e l e r a t e E n e r g y. R e c e n t l y n e w c o m p a n i e s h a ve e n te re d t h e m a r ke t - B W G a s a n d M i t s u i O. S . K . L i n e s ( M O L ) . Fo l l o w i n g t a b l e e x p l a i n s E s i s t i n g F S R U fleets under operation.
Process Plant
100
In FSRU
Business Models
Utilities
60
In FSRU
Onshore Inter face/Infrastruc ture
NA
30
CAPEX
520
360
L N G I m p o r t te r m i n a l b u s i n e s s m o d e l s n o r m a l ly t a ke t h e f o r m o f Integrated, Merchant or Tolling arrangements. FSRUs are func tionally identical to onshore terminals and can use any of these models. The tolling model seems to be the most popular as it provides a simple arrangement directly with the energy company and the leasing option fits well with shor ter term contrac ts.
Contingency (30% Onshore, 10% FSRU)
156
36
Owner’s Costs
74
54
Total CAPEX
750
450
FSRU Owners and Service Providers
FSRUs based on LNG tanker conversions cost less at £80-100 Million and the modifications typically take 18 months due to the long deliver y times of the equipment not the shipyard conversion. A n o n s h o re 3 mt p a te r m i n a l w i t h o n e 1 8 0 , 0 0 0 m e te r c u b e s to r a g e t a n k w h i c h t y p i c a l l y t a ke s 3 6 - 4 0 m o n t h s t o c o n s t r u c t i s l i ke l y to cost $700-800 Million, depending on local construction labour co s t s, co m p a re d to $ 4 0 0 - 5 0 0 m f o r a s i m i l a r ca p a c i t y F S R U. Ca p i t a l c o s t ( I n U S $ ) c o m p a r i s o n w i t h b a l l p a r k f i g u re s t a b u l a te d b e l o w : Owner’s cost include cost of all specialist contractors and consultants used during the period prior to the Final Investment D ecision (FID) e.g. feasibilit y studies, conceptual design, and environmental impact assessment etc. O p e r a t i n g c o s t s a re g e n e r a l l y e s t i m a t e d a t 2 . 5 % o f C A P E X p e r ye a r. A s s u m i n g a C A P E X o f $ 3 5 0 m ( $ 2 7 5 m f o r F S R U + $ 7 5 m f o r www.oswindia.com
The integrated model was the original approach used for dedicated onshore terminals. The terminal is owned by the energy company which also owns the source gas, liquefies it, ships it, stores and vaporises it and transpor ts the natural gas to a grid tie -in point or direc tly to a consumer e.g. power station. The design, construc tion and installation of the terminal is under taken by a contrac tor usually on an EPC basis The merchant approach is more complicated. The terminal is owned by the par t y or par ties who purchase and take title of the LNG and then sell the regasified LNG (natural gas) to buyers. The owners of the source gas, who t ypically produce the LNG, are not a par t y to the terminal model – they just sell the LNG to the ‘merchant’. The m e rc h a nt m a ke s i t s p ro f i t f ro m t h e d i f f e re n ce b e t we e n t h e L N G purchase price and the gas sales price During the initial years, FSRUs were t ypically leased on a 10-15 year basis. This gave the owner some reassurance of recovering the capital cost of the vessel and finance charges over the lease period. Analysis of the early FSRUs would indicate that 10 years was the minimum lease period and the day rate was calculated on the basis of recovering the capital costs and finance costs over 8 years with the remaining 2 years as profit. The range of lease periods now spans 5-20 years and is really driven by the gas market demand period
Offshore World | 32 | August-September 2017
FEATURES
12
10
Number of operating FSRUs by Service provider 10
8 7 6
6
4
2 1
1
1
OLT
MOL
BW Gas
0 Excelerate Energy
Golar LNG
Hoegh LNG
Conclusion The FSRU market is set for major growth in the nex t few years with quite a number of new players “knocking on the door”. With the demand for clean energy growing, resulting in a decline for oil and coal, LNG is moving to fill the gap with the global LNG trade growing by four times in the last 20 years. The move by oil major Shell to buy BG Group underscores this shift.
t ypically represent an overall regasification cost of $0.4/mmbtu for a 100% load fac tor but $0.7/mmbtu is more realistic at a 50% load fac tor. The 15-year char ter rate for the recent Bangladesh FSRU has been stated as $0.47/mmbtu. Fuel costs must be added to these costs which are a function of terminal send- out and are significant. Char ter periods for early FSRUs were t ypically 10-15 years but of late much shor ter as the owners are more confident about reassigning the FSRU at the end of the char ter period. The recent Egypt FSRU lease is for just 5 years – ideal for shor t term market needs which could not be economically met by using an onshore terminal.
Floating solutions provide both a cost effec tive and quick solution to impor ting LNG versus building an onshore terminal. The general public also often prefer floating solutions versus having a liquefaction plant as their neighbour. New build FSRUs typically cost $250-300m to construct and a conversion costs £80-100m. Leasing day rates are in the range of US$ 110,000-160,000/day depending on the capacity and the char ter period. This day rate is for the vessel only and operating costs need to be added which are t ypically $20,000-45,000/day. These rates Offshore World | 33 |August-September 2017
Par vez Chughtai General Manager – Sales Marine Solutions
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FEATURES
Optimizing the Dehydration Process with Advanced Process Simulation N at u ra l g a s f rom re s e r voirs us ua lly contains water vapor, the presence of this vapor c auses fl ow as s u rance i s s u e s h e n ce the ne e d to de hydrate the gas and optimize the process. This ar ticl e il l ustrates t he ro le o f g l ycol d e hyd rator unit in the f ie ld of nat ural gas pipel ines.
I
n the operation of natural gas pipelines, a blockage or leak can cause expensive production losses, damaged equipment, and safety hazards. When water is present, for instance, gas hydrates can
form creating an ic y plug in natural gas mix tures, especially when at low temperatures and high pressures.. With water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide present, acid gases form and cause corrosion in pipelines which can lead to damaged downstream equipment. In
t h ro u g h t h e c o n t a c t o r. Th e w a t e r - l e a n g l y c o l e n t e r s t o p o f t h e contac tor and flows counter- current to the wet gas absorbing water from the gas. Then the water-rich glycol leaves the bottom of the contac tor. The rich glycol is used as a condenser cooling medium for the regenerator gas before it enters the flash tank. Acidic gases and light hydrocarbons in the rich glycol stream evaporate at the flash tank and are used as a fuel.
order to create safer and more reliable operations, organizations need to remove free water from the natural gas. Many governments or agencies regulating shared pipelines maintain restric tions on the water content of sales gas or fungible produc t. While there are many options to remove excess water, dehydration by a glycol is most commonly used by gas processing facilities with m o re t h a n 3 6 , 0 0 0 g lyco l d e hyd rat i o n u n i t s i n t h e U n i te d St ate s. Triethylene glycol ( TEG) is most frequently used, but other glycols including diethylene gycol (DEG) and monoethylene glycol (MEG) are also utilized. Th e re a re h o we ve r, s t i l l s o m e i s s u e s w i t h t h e d e h yd r a to r u n i t s a s t h e y a re o f te n ove rd e s i g n e d, re s u l t i n g i n h i g h ca p i t a l o r o p e rat i n g co s t s. Acco rd i n g to a U S E PA re p o r t, T E G i s re c i rc u l ate d t wo o r m o re t i m e s h i g h e r t h a n n e c e s s a r y. I n o rd e r t o e n s u re d e s i g n o p t i o n s m e e t t h e n e c e s s a r y re q u i re m e n t s o f s a v i n g c a p i t a l , s o l v e n t , o r energy costs, thermodynamic modeling and a holistic view of o p e r a t i o n s i s n e e d e d. Understanding the Natural Gas Dehydration Process A t y p i ca l g lyco l d e hyd rato r u n i t i s d i v i d e d i nto d e hyd rat i o n a n d regeneration (Figure 1). For dehydration, first, wet gas enters to the inlet scrubber to remove free water of the gas, and then passes www.oswindia.com
For the regeneration par t, the rich glycol stream from the flash tank enters the regenerator, which separates the TEG and water. The glycol is preheated through a heat exchanger by the lean glycol from the reboiler before it enters the regenerator. A stripping gas such as methane and nitrogen can then be injec ted into the reboiler to help reduce the water contents and reboiler dut y. Finally, the regenerated glycol from bottom of the regenerator rec ycles into the contac tor. The flash gas which evaporated from flash tank can be used as fuel for the reboiler or as stripping gas. Since the hydrocarbon liquid can cause several problems such as reducing the efficienc y of reboiler, if the hydrocarbon liquid exist at the condition, three -phase separation flash drum is needed. Glycol circulation rate determine the water contents in the dr y gas and amount and volatile organic components ( VOCs) emission from regenerator as well. The higher glycol rate, the lower the water contents and higher the venting emission. Therefore, it is impor tant to optimize the circulation rate of glycol to compensate bet ween t wo. In addition to water, another concern for many organizations is the fac t that glycol also absorbs methane and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, x ylene). These are considered hazard air pollutants (HAPs) due to the fac t that they eventually emit into the atmosphere from the glycol regenerator. The BTEX concentration from the top of the regene rator ca n be hundre d tim es hi gher th an th at in the
Offshore World | 34 | August-September 2017
FEATURES
Figure 1: Typical glycol dehydration unit raw natural gas by concentrating effec t of the absorption process.
F o r s y s t e m s i n v o l v i n g w a t e r, a l c o h o l s , a n d h y d r o c a r b o n s ,
Therefore, although the main purpose of glycol dehydration process
p re d i c t i n g t h e t h e r m o d y n a m i c b e h a v i o r i s n o t a s s t r a i g h t f o r w a rd
is decreasing water content of natural gas, control of HAPs emission
a s i n o t h e r s y s t e m s . Va r i o u s t h e r m o d y n a m i c p ro p e r t y m e t h o d s
is also integral par t of glycol dehydration process. Additionally, some
have been used for simulating dehydration, such as Peng
light hydrocarbon may not leave from glycol in flash tank, but remain
Robinson (PR) and S oave -Redlich-Kwong (SRK) Equations
in the glycol and vent from the regenerator.
of State, and some have been developed specifically for the m o d e l i n g g l y c o l d e h y d r a t i o n . N e w e r p ro p e r t y m e t h o d s , s u c h a s
Modeling Dehydration Process with Advanced Process Simulation Tools
t h e Cu b i c P l u s A s s o c i a t i o n (C PA ) E O S , a re g a i n i n g p o p u l a r i t y f o r
There are number of process conditions that can affect gas dehydration
a c c u r a t e l y re p re s e n t i n g n o t o n l y d e h y d r a t i o n s y s t e m s , b u t a l s o
performance and significantly change results- i.e. TEG recirculation and
m e t h a n o l p a r t i t i o n i n g a n d m e rc u r y p a r t i t i o n i n g s y s te m s. Th e C PA
stripping gas flow rate, temperature, pressure and number of equilibrium
EOS is similar to the SRK EOS, but it adds an association term to
states. With all these changing variables, organizations need to have a
describe the polar effect between molecules.
holistic view of operations to better understand the process and help guide decisions to reduce costs and prevent damage to equipment.
Process Ecology, a Calgar y based oil and gas consulting firm has
One way to do this is by utilizing advanced process simulation tools.
been able to save clients $60,000 per day by reducing emissions and avoiding shutdowns in dehydration unit. By implementing
There are currently advanced process simulation tools available today
an advanced engineering platform, Process Ecology developed an
that offer property packages specifically designed and tested for difficult
a u to m ate d p ro ce s s to g e n e rate d o c u m e nt at i o n re q u i re d to m e e t
to model processes such as acid gas removal and dehydration (Figure 2).
e n v i ro n m e n t a l re g u l a t i o n s. Th ro u g h s e ve r a l s u c c e s s f u l p ro j e c t s,
To gain these benefits and more, companies have also implemented a full
the company confirmed that the advanced simulation tools with a
integrated modeling and simulation engineering environment offering
proper t y package developed specifically for TEG glycol dehydration,
seamless workflows to automatically incorporate equipment sizing,
they were using had the abilit y to accurately predic t air emissions in
costing, energy networks, and safety systems right in the process model.
glycol dehydration facilities. As a result, Process Ecology has shown
Offshore World | 35 |August-September 2017
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FEATURES
Figure 2: Natural gas dehydration flowsheet in Aspen HYSYS simulation savings up to $30,000 a year for a single dehydrator in energy costs, often through reduc tions in the glycol circulation rate. O t h e r co m p a n i e s h ave s t a r te d to ex p a n d a n d i m p rove i t s a b i l i t y to m o d e l d e hyd rat i o n t h ro u g h t h e i nte g rat i o n o f t h e Cu b i c P l u s Association (CPA) Equation of State (EOS) proper t y package with their advanced process simulation tools. With the addition of CPA, organizations can now model dehydration involving TEG, MEG and DEG enabling them to improve accurac y of gas plant models with more options for dehydration solvents.
n e e d a c c e s s t o a n i n t e g r a t e d s o f t w a re p l a t f o r m . Wi t h t h e r i g h t te c h n o l o g y, t h e e n gi n e e r s ca n m a ke t h e ri g ht d e c i s i o n s f o r t h e i r p l a nt s to e n s u re p ro f i t s o u t we i g h co s t s. Ad d i t i o n a l ly, w i t h t h e s e solutions, organizations can minimize risk against unplanned events, as they will have the tools to adjust day-to - day ac tives to find the most effec tive and efficient way to run the facilit y.
The Model for Future Success
Jennifer D yment Produc t Marketing Specialist Aspen Technology
G a s t re a t i n g i s c r u c i a l f o r m e e t i n g re g u l a t i o n s . B e t t e r p ro c e s s understanding can help guide decisions to reduce costs and p re v e n t c o s t l y d a m a g e t o e q u i p m e n t. A s e n g i n e e r s c o n t i n u e t o drive improvement in plant operations, it is imperative they have the right simulation tools in place to help make informed decisions and remain competitive. Plant issues arise all too frequently and in order for organizations to ensure the best ac tion is taken, operators
Sunil Patil Direc tor of Business Consulting Asia Pacific
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Offshore World | 36 | August-September 2017
AspenTech
T
he UK’s National Oceanography Centre (NOC) undertakes integrated ocean research and technology development from the coast to the deep ocean. As such, the NOC has a heavy requirement for seawater analysis. However, in addition to analytical work at the NOC’s facilities in Southampton and Liverpool, the organisation’s researchers also need to be able to analyse samples on board a variety of research vessels. Under these conditions, high levels of precision and reliability can be a challenge for most laboratory equipment, so NOC has invested in SEAL Analytical segmented flow analyzers (SFAs) - the AA3 and the QuAAtro. “The QuAAtro is the workhorse of our Southampton laboratory,” says the NOC’s Dr Sinhue Torres-Valdes. “It has a compact footprint and provides automatic analysis of large numbers of samples, with only small sample volumes required. The AA3 is employed for ‘on-ship’ analysis because as a modular SFA it is easier to maintain in the event of any problems whilst away from shore.” Wholly owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) the NOC is a leading institution for sea level science, coastal and deep ocean research and technology development, tackling the greatest environmental challenges of our age, including sea level change, the oceans’ role in climate change, predicting and simulating the behaviour of the oceans through computer modelling, and long-term monitoring technologies. The NOC’s analyzers are managed by Mark Stinchcombe who has been with the organisation for around 13 years following an MSc in Oceanography at the University of Southampton. He says: “Prior to the purchase of the SEAL equipment, we were experiencing poor reproducibility with older equipment; rough weather was affecting the baseline and we suspected that was due to the movement of a filament inside a light source inside one our analyzers during rough seas. We therefore acquired the SEAL analyzers because they are robust and unaffected by the rigours of a ship in the mid-Atlantic.” In addition to the ability to operate both at sea and in a land based laborator y, Mark also requires three other impor tant features in his a n a ly t i ca l i n s t ru m e nt at i o n . Fi r s t, h e n e e d s t h e a b i l i t y to a n a ly s e large numbers of samples ver y quickly because, whilst at sea, he can be responsible for analysing samples from a number of scientists simultaneously, and also because his land based laboratory at the NOC provides an analytical ser vice to a broad communit y encompassing research scientists, students and a number of industrial clients. Secondly, with samples coming from a wide variety of different sources, including seawater, estuarine waters, pore water, phytoplankton culture and biological samples, he needs to be able to measure a broad range of
concentrations. Thirdly, he requires low detection limits so that his work is not limited when measuring at low levels. SEAL SFAs are therefore ideal for Mark’s work, offering high sample throughput with low sample volume, which reduces both cost and waste. Th e S E A L a n a l y ze r s p ro v i d e l o w d e t e c t i o n l i m i t s w i t h e xc e l l e n t reproducibility. At first they were employed to measure nitrate+nitrite, nitrite, silicate, ammonium and total dissolved nitrogen. However, the NOC also needs to be able to analyse total dissolved phosphorus, and whilst this method was not available as standard for seawater, SEAL’s technical support staff have worked with Mark and Sinhue to adapt a freshwater total phosphorous method to meet the NOC’s needs. “The development of this new method took years to refine, but we have been delighted with the result,” Sinhue says. The range of projects supported by these analyzers is diverse, including for example, work to assess ocean acidification and ocean biogeochemistry; including ocean productivity, nutrient biogeochemical cycles and research to understand how currents distribute nutrients in the ocean. The analyzers are also employed to check the data recorded by ‘Ferryboxes’ - real-time continuous monitors mounted inside flow-through chambers to measure the quality of water that is pumped from a subsurface inlet as ferries travel from port to port. SEAL Analytical’s President Stuart Smith says: “We are delighted to be involved with the work at the NOC and it is particularly pleasing that we have been able to develop a new method specifically to meet their needs. This is an excellent example of the way in which we are continually looking for ways to refine and improve instrument software and hardware, working closely with customers to ensure that they get the most out of their SEAL analyzers. “Instrument manufacturers often claim that their equipment is robust and reliable but by successfully using the AA3 both onshore and offshore, Mark has shown that ours is no idle boast. Around the world, seawater analysis is becoming a very popular application for our segmented flow analyzers, and it is very gratifying that we are contributing to the success of the important work that is being undertaken at the NOC.”
SEAL Analytical 6501 West Donges Bay Road Mequon, WI 53092, USA Phone +1 262-241-7900 Fax: +1 262 241 7970 Email sales@seal-us.com
Offshore World | 37 |August-September 2017
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MARKETING INITIATIVE
MARKETING INITIATIVE
Ocean-Going Lab the Real Test of a Nutrient Analyzer
MARKETING INITIATIVE
Extremely Cost Effective Product from Both the Initial Capital Expenditure and the Required Maintenance After Installation
W
e p ro v i d e f l o w m e te r s o l u t i o n s f o r t h e m o s t r i g o ro u s
environmental friendly choice for consumer electric power generation
industries. O ur produc ts provide long life and low total
systems and other energy applications.
operating costs across rigorous manufac turing segments
i n c l u d i n g : i n s t ru m e nt at i o n , a u to m at i o n , co nt ro l, p ro ce s s co nt ro l,
S o l u t i o n : V- Co n e ÂŽ a n d Wa f e r - Co n e ÂŽ F l o w M e t e r s h a v e p r o v e n
and batch control.
themselves equal to the challenges of the oil and gas industr y for three decades. They offer unique per formance and low cost of ownership
Oil and Gas Industr y FPSO Vessels, Subsea Modules, Mounted Modules,
advantages. The result is a dramatic savings in layout space, piping
Offshore Platforms and Wellheads are demanding, crowded work places
and weight that greatly reduces installation complexity and cost. Less
that require accurate, reliable flow measurement.
is truly more with the V-Cone Flow Meter.
Oil: When oil is moved over distances via pipelines, pumping stations
Our Cone Flow Meters for Oil, Gas, Steam and Other
m a i nt a i n p ro d u c t t h ro u g h o u t a s i t t rave l s. Th e f l ow rate m u s t b e
Liquid Measurement
metered to optimize pump operation throughout to the end destination
V-Cone:
at a terminal, refiner y or point of custody transfer, as well as ser ve an early warning for leak detec tion.
A n a d v a n c e d d i f f e re nt i a l p re s s u re i n s t r u m e nt i d e a l f o r u s e w i t h liquid, steam or gas media in rugged conditions where accurac y, low
Gas: With the continuous increase in demand for energy worldwide, the popularity of clean-burning natural gas has grown rapidly over the past decades. Its relatively abundant supply, along with high efficiency
maintenance and cost are impor tant. The V-Cone is especially useful in tight-fit and retrofit applications. Wafer-Cone:
produc tion technologies and lower carbon dioxide emission footprint
Engineers with small line size processes rely on the versatile Wafer-
compared to other energy resources, have all made it a cost- effective,
Cone Flow Meter for superior accurac y and repeatabilit y. The space -
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Offshore World | 38 | August-September 2017
MARKETING INITIATIVE
saving unit is easy to install. It’s ideal for tight-space installations and retrofits. It requires almost no maintenance. The Wafer-Cone fur ther reduces life - c ycle costs with a long life. The company’s flow produc ts and systems are found in thousands of installations worldwide. Its flow measurement solutions per form to the industr y’s most demanding safety and quality standards worldwide.
Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267,Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai - 600010 Contact : +91 44 26445626 / 8983 sales@toshniwal.net www.toshniwal.net
Offshore World | 39 |August-September 2017
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Excitement Builds for PEFTEC 2017
T
he organisers of PEFTEC 2017 (Antwerp, 29-30th November) have published the Conference themes for this year’s event and announced that registration is now open via www.peftec.com for anyone with an involvement with testing and monitoring in the petrochemical industries. PEFTEC is a specialist event focused on the testing, analysis and monitoring of downstream oil products, chemicals and petrochemicals. Created to provide the latest guidance on regulations, methods and technologies for analytical chemists, scientists, process operators, laboratory personnel and environmental managers, PEFTEC 2017 builds on the success of the inaugural event that took place in 2015. Located at the Antwerp Expo in Belgium, PEFTEC 2017 will be situated at the centre of one the world’s largest clusters of petrochemical companies, and will include 4 Conferences focusing on analytical techniques, environmental monitoring, methane measurement and safety issues in hazardous situations. The event will provide the petrochemical industry with an opportunity to discover the latest information on testing and monitoring, in the laboratory, in the field and on-site. A major international exhibition will feature over 150 of the world’s leading providers of analytical testing and monitoring equipment and services, and technical conferences will address the topics of greatest interest to industry practitioners. PEFTEC Analytical Conference (29th & 30th November) This 2 day conference is divided into 4 half-day themed sessions which are planned to allow delegates with par ticular technique interests to cover their topic of interest in the conference whilst also consulting the wide range of relevant instrument manufacturers and providers in the exhibition. The Analytical Techniques sessions will discuss the latest developments and trends in analysis in the petrochemical industries through presentations from leading academic and industry experts. The morning session on Day 1 will cover Elemental Analysis and Speciation including trace metal analysis and the speciation of mercury, phosphorus, arsenic and oxygen compounds in a range of petrochemical samples. The afternoon session of day 1 will be dedicated to the latest developments in Mass Spectrometry. The increased availability of affordable, reliable and easy to operate high resolution mass spectrometers when combined with sample ionisation techniques which offer a degree of chemical selectivity has led to a recent dramatic rise in the use of these techniques. In this session, leading researchers in this field from academia and industry will cover all of the main techniques and their application. www.oswindia.com
The morning session on Day 2 will address Separation Science techniques including GC, HPLC and SFC with a focus on multidimensional and hyphenated systems. GC continues to be the most commonly used c h ro m a t o g r a p h i c t e c h n i q u e i n t h e i n d u s t r y a n d t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f m u l t i d i m e n s i o n a l G C te c h n i q u e s w i l l b e cove re d i n t h e f i r s t 2 presentations, followed by a talk on the application of in silico modelling of GC separations. The remainder of the session will cover the application of SFC and HPLC and their combinations to achieve improved separations. The final afternoon session will cover spectroscopic techniques and on-line analysis, focusing on the rapid rise of Vacuum Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy (VUV) in the industr y. VUV is a selective and sensitive detector for hydrocarbon analysis which in a relatively brief time has been widely accepted by the industry and in combination with GC has recently been approved as an ASTM method for the analysis of finished gasoline (ASTM D8071). The application of thermo-gravimetric analysis coupled with infra-red spectroscopy (TGA-IR) for fouling deposit analysis and the application of comprehensive two dimensional GC for on-line analysis will complete the session and the analytical technique conference. P E F T E C E nv i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g Co n f e r e n c e (Wednesday 29th November) Prof Alastair Lewis from the Universit y of York (UK) will introduce t h i s o n e d ay co n f e re n ce f o c u s i n g o n t h e m a n a g e m e nt o f g a s e o u s and par ticulate emissions to the atmosphere - a vital component of environmental sustainability in the petrochemical and refining industries. The presentations will examine the latest theoretical, observational and modeling approaches that are available for quantifying both greenhouse gases such as methane and CO2 and short-lived air pollutants including NOx, mercury and hydrocarbons. The presentations will cover the latest techniques that can be used to better quantify emissions from existing industrial activities and that provide insight into the future impacts of new industry practices and regulations. A programme of international speakers from the UK, Spain, Netherlands, Germany and Austria has been assembled from academic and industry sectors. The speakers will cover issues ranging from measurement science, emissions quantification, regulation and future environmental priorities for the industry. Abstracts for all of the presentations are available from www.peftec.com. Industrial Methane (2 day) and Hazardex (1 day) Conferences Two further Conferences will run alongside the PEFTEC event, enabling all conference visitors to optimise their time in Antwerp by visiting the PEFTEC exhibition. The Industrial Methane Measurement Conference will focus on industry requirements in an increasingly regulated post-
Offshore World | 40 | August-September 2017
MARKETING INITIATIVE Paris Agreement world. Leading exper ts will discuss the latest field studies, policy developments, methods and technologies for monitoring fugitive methane emissions including leak detection, identification and quantification, as well as long term monitoring. The Hazardex Conference continues a decade long series of events providing safety-related intelligence to process plant and hazardous area specialists. This event was created for engineers, safety managers, directors with corporate liability and other members of the hazardous area community from all the process and high hazard industries, including oil & gas, petrochemicals, fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, mining, manufacturing and the food & beverage sector, amongst others. PEFTEC Seminars Running throughout both days of the event, a series of over 60 seminars will operate from 8 different seminar rooms within the Exhibition hall. The seminars will operate on a walk-in, walk-out basis, offering visitors the opportunity to select the subject matter of greatest interest. The seminars will address an enormous variety of subjects, covering techniques, methods, standards and cases studies in laboratory analysis, process monitoring and environmental monitoring. Abstracts for all of the seminars are available from www.peftec.com. PEFTEC Exhibition Many of the exhibitors will use the event to launch a new product or unveil their latest technology. For example, AMETEK Grabner Instruments will release a new high-speed, compact, FTIR fuel analyser for automatic and comprehensive measurement of gasoline, jet and diesel fuels. This new instrument increases analysis speed by a factor of ten in comparison with previous models. APIX will unveil the Chrompix: a new Gas Chromatography system for Multiplexed GC Analyses, mounted in a standard 19’’ rack with up to 4 plug & play analytical modules for simultaneous analyses of a single sample. To control natural gas composition, Chromatotec® has developed the energyMEDOR® which speciates and measures the sulphur compounds generally present in natural gas: H2S/DMS/DMDS/Mercaptans. These new instruments are designed to work in hazardous areas. Fluxana will demonstrate their latest application developments such as the quar tz crucibles for their fusion machine, and Galvanic Applied Sciences Inc. will introduce a new Viscometer - the ViscoSite has Modbus communication and is now ATEX / IECEx rated for Class 1 Div 2 applications. The ViscoSite can measure viscosities from 0.1 to 106 cP and therefore can be used in many applications including coating manufac ture, polymer processing, asphalt blending and fuel blending in refineries.
Qmicro will launch the new DynamiQ-X Explosion proof microGC process gas analyser. The DynamiQ micro GC platform is designed for fast reliable gas mixture analysis, for on-line monitoring. It allows fully autonomous gas analysis and can run unattended pre-configured analysis methods, including peak identification, integration and result communication via industry standards. FLIR Systems will showcase the FLIR GFx320, an optical gas imaging camera for the oil and gas industr y, designed for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. The FLIR GFx320 is certified Intrinsically Safe and detects/visualises invisible gas emissions such as methane and common VOCs. Similarly, Opgal’s EyeCGas® handheld camera allows users to clearly, quickly, and effectively, detect gas leaks and fugitive emissions for over 30 hydrocarbon gases. Visitors to the P S Analytical stand will be provided with help and guidance on complete solutions from sampling through to continuous measurement systems. Specialising in the online and offline determination and speciation of mercury and the hydride forming elements (arsenic, selenium and antimony) PSA offers expertise in Petrochemical, Industrial and Environmental applications. The Exhibition Hall will also feature a Poster Display Area in which researchers from both academia and industry will publish the results of their latest work. With so much to see at the Exhibition, PEFTEC organiser Marcus Pattison is urging delegates at all four conferences to plan their time carefully and allocate plenty of time to learn about the latest innovations on show at the exhibition. The cost of admission to the PEFTEC Conferences is €125/day, but entry to the Exhibition (from any of the conferences) is free of charge for those that pre-register at www.PEFTEC.com .
PEFTEC organiser Oak Court Business Centre Sandridge Park, Porters Wood St. Albans, Hertfordshire AL3 6PH ENGLAND Telephone: +44 (0) 1727 858840 Facsimile: +44 (0) 1727 840310 Email: info@ilmexhibitions.com www.peftec.com
Offshore World | 41 |August-September 2017
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MARKETING INITIATIVE
Solutions for Any Fluids “Steam injec t ion plays a critical role in our p oultr y op erations.The measurement accurac y of the V- Cone Flow Meter provides us with b etter overall control and pro cess efficienc y.I t also requires less space to install,which gives us equipment layout flexibilit y ”.
I
ndustrial utilities, district energy facilities, power generation and many other types of industrial processing plants all depend on the economical handling of energy, which requires accurate, reliable flow instrumentation.
The result is a dramatic savings in layout space and piping that greatly reduces instrument installation complexity and cost. With performance, ease of installation, low maintenance and long life, the V-Cone is the superior value solution.
V-Cone Flow Meters
With performance, ease of installation, low maintenance and long life, the V-Cone is the superior value solution when it comes to flow measurement.
McCrometer’s V-Cone® Flow Meter is the industry’s most versatile dP meter, measuring any fluid anywhere. For over twenty years, the V-Cone has proven itself, to meeting the power generation, HVAC and other liquid flow measurement application requirements of the Food and Beverage, Chemical Processing, Pulp and Paper, Metals and Mining, Pharmaceutical and Aerospace industries.
Applications
Key Features / Benefits
Excellent accuracy and repeatability Highly responsive, wide 10:1 turndown Self-conditioning saves space Low maintenance Long life exceeding 25 years
Aerospace Food and Beverage Industrial Facilities (Commercial Buildings,Universities, Hospitals, etc.) Metals and Mining Pharmaceutical Power / Co-generation Pulp and Paper
How it works - V Cone
The V-Cone Flow Meter’s advanced self- conditioning design largely eliminates long straight runs of pipe upstream and downstream from the meter to provide a well-developed flow profile for accurate measurement with a wide 10:1 turndown.
The V-Cone is a differential pressure type flow meter with a unique design that conditions the flow prior to measurement.
Differential pressure is created by a cone placed in the center of the pipe. The cone is shaped so that it “flattens” the fluid velocity profile in the pipe, creating a more stable signal across wide flow downturns. Flow rate is calculated by measuring the difference between the pressure upstream of the cone at the meter wall and the pressure downstream of the cone through its center.
Case Study Advanced Flow Meter Technology To The Rescue: V-Cone Reduces Installation Costs For Aging Power Plant Metso Power Oy, located in Finland, began a new project in 2002 to design and build a new flue gas treatment operation within the new power plant for client, Kotkan Energia Oy, located in Kotka, Finland. Metso Power had www.oswindia.com
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MARKETING INITIATIVE plant’s biomass-fuelled boiler which converts steam into district heating and also drives its electric power generators. The washing of the exhaust gas eliminates many of the pollutants that would otherwise contaminate the air. The heat recovery from the gas will increase the efficiency of the biomass-fired power plant. In power plants, accurately measuring the flow of liquids is always a top priority for operational efficiency. Precise flow measurement is essential to control costs and maintain profitable plant operations. Engineers generally specify one of two solutions in this type of energy plant liquid flow application: magnetic or orifice flow measurement. The problem with both of these flow meter technologies–magnetic and orifice plate–is that they require significant upstream and downstream straight diameter pipe runs in order to achieve a regular, consistent flow of media that is suitable for accurate flow measurement. They also do not precondition the flowing media prior to measurement in order to compensate for any lack of sufficient upstream and downstream straight to design the flue gas treatment plant to fit into the section of the new plant, which was pre-determined by Kotkan Energia. The fact that the location of the flue gas treatment plant was selected in advance, added to the complexity of the project. It was necessary to fit the equipment into a limited space. Metso Power, a par t of Metso Group, is a forerunner in fluidized bed combustion of biomass, coal and other fuels alone or in combination with power plants, and a global leader in chemical recovery systems for pulp and paper mills. The products are fluidized bed boilers and recovery boilers, evaporators, environmental systems and service. The company has designed and manufactured the world’s largest biomassfired fluidized bed boilers and recovery units. Kouvo Automation provides process flow meter technology expertise and services to its customers. The company specializes in helping clients identify and install the optimal technology solution for each application, including flow meters, radiometric density instrumentation and level meters, weighing systems, process viscosity meters, refractometers and metal detectors.
pipe due to installation space limitations. Magnetic flow measurement technology– most often used by Metso Power in this type of application– requires long, disturbancefree straight pipe runs both before and after the flow meter placement. In this project there was limited space available for the flow measurement equipment. The Solution Metso Power was already familiar with McCrometer’s advanced differential pressure (DP) V-Cone® flow technology and had in fact installed smaller V-Cones in other applications. Unlike DP instruments such as orifice plates and venturi tubes, the V-Cone flow meter design is inherently more accurate because the flow conditioning function is built into the basic flow meter design. The V-Cone conditions fluid flow to provide a stable flow profile that increases accuracy. The flow meter design features a centrallylocated cone inside a tube. The cone interacts with the fluid flow and reshapes the velocity profile to create a lower pressure region immediately downstream. The pressure difference, which is exhibited between the static line pressure and the low pressure created downstream of the cone, can be measured via two pressure sensing taps. One tap is placed slightly upstream of the
The Problem
cone and the other is located in the downstream face of the cone itself. In flue gas treatment operations such as the one at the Kotkan Energia’s power plant, liquid flow meters are used to measure the amount of circulation water. This water washes combustion (exhaust) gas and flows through the heat exchangers taking the heat from the exhaust gas. This heat is then used for district heating. Combustion gas comes from the
The pressure difference can then be incorporated into a derivation of the Bernoulli equation to determine the fluid flow rate. The cone’s central position in the line optimizes the velocity of the liquid flow at the point of measurement. It forms ver y shor t vor tices as the
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MARKETING INITIATIVE The flow conditioning that is built into the V-Cone’s design eliminates the long extra upstream and downstream straight pipe runs required with magnetic and many other flow measurement technologies. Extra piping is an expensive incremental cost in any budget. In addition to the labor and the materials cost for re-piping, specifying a magnetic flow meter for this project also required the construction of an extra service platform to accommodate the magnetic flow meter. At this point, the extra construction/installation costs became the problem of the Pipe and Plant Layout Design Department. The Project Layout Designer and the Project Manager evaluated the overall design and installation costs. They began to focus on the total re-piping costs, which included construction of the new service platform. All of the decision-makers for the project reviewed the incremental installation costs for the re-piping and determined that the initial cost of acquisition for the V-Cone flow meter solution was a better investment than the magnetic flow meter.
flow passes the cone. These short vortices create a low amplitude, high frequency signal for excellent signal stability. The result is a highly stable flow profile that is repeatable for continuously accurate flow measurement. All of this is possible with a minimal straight pipe run of 0 to 3 diameters
Metso Power estimates the savings realized from the V-Cone application to be approximately $13,750 (US dollars). The savings estimate includes extra piping and the new service platform. Approximately 45 percent of the savings is from materials and 55 percent from labor costs. Additional benefits from using the V-Cone include improved layout compared to using a magnetic flow meter and increased safety for workers by eliminating the need for an operation platform due to difficult positioning. Another important benefit was the improved appearance of the flue gas treatment plant, since Metso Power supplies these very same scrubbers.
upstream and 0 to 1 diameters downstream from the flow meter. Even though the V-Cone is designed specifically for use in difficult to measure applications such as oil and gas production and deliver y, as well as tight spaces such as those in older power plants, the Metso Power engineers initially thought that the larger V-Cone required for this particular application would be too expensive. The plant engineers and
The DN350 ss316 V-Cone from McCrometer was sized and quoted for the project’s liquid circulation flow metering application by Kouvo Automation. The V-Cone was installed during the spring of 2003 and has provided accurate measurement without any problems for 18 months as of this writing. The final installation included about two diameters of straight pipe before the V-Cone and a 45- degree bend just after the meter.
purchasing department decision makers were very cost conscious on this project and, at first, considered only the purchase price. In Finland’s power industry, the Instrumentation/Automation department typically purchases the lowest cost flow meter (most often either orifice plate or magnetic flow meters). The goal is to reduce costs on the technology purchase. In the beginning, the engineers did not take into account the added installation labor and material costs that would be required for the extra piping needed in a magnetic flow measurement solution. The V-Cone flow meter design, however, offers inherent flow conditioning that allows it to accurately measure irregular flowing media. www.oswindia.com
Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267,Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai - 600010 Contact : +91 44 26445626 / 8983 Email: sales@toshniwal.net Website: www.toshniwal.net
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R
esonance Energy Private Limited recently organized, the Second N a t i o n a l Co n f e re n c e c u m E x h i b i t i o n o n P i p e l i n e I n t e g r i t y Management System (PIMS) on 24 th and 25 th August 2017 at Hotel Holiday Inn, New Delhi. The conference focussed on practical aspects of PIMS with both Indian and International speakers who shared their valuable experiences with the par ticipants. The objective was to help par ticipants gain practical insights and implement those practices in the Pipeline Operations, Maintenance and Safety. The key themes of the Conference included:
Selection of line pipes and coating for different services Ef f e c t o f d e s i gn , co n s t ru c t i o n a n d co m m i s s i o n i n g o n i nte gri t y management system Threat perception for a pipeline system covering various action with communalities Accessing the risk to prioritize section wise corrective action Types of inspection tools (inline inspection, direct assessment) etc Statutory and Regulatory Compliances Pi p e l i n e Pro te c t i o n , S e c u ri t y a n d S u r ve i l l a n ce a n d m o n i to r i n g techniques GIS and Satellite Imageries Pipeline O&M and Safety Risk base maintenance Panel Discussion cum Stakeholders’ Forum
The PIMS Conference, one of its kind at a national level with international outlook, received an overwhelming response from the industry. 37 speakers from India and abroad, participated in the conference and shared their experience and insights with the audience. There were 8 exhibitors from the oil and gas industry who showcased their products and services. More than 100 delegates from 40 companies in India and abroad participated in the conference. The conference was sponsored by ONGC, Indian oil, GAIL, IGL and Samvriddhi. The Inaugural key notes were delivered by Dr B. Mohanthy, Member PNGRB and Dr. A. Karnatak, Director (Projects), GAIL. Dr Mohanthy emphasized the importance of PIMS in the context of safety and longevity of pipelines while Dr Karnatak covered a wide canvas of the various initiatives undertaken by GAIL in the areas of PIMS and Pipeline Safety and Security while simultaneously stressing the importance of leadership and human resources in building the efficiency and safety culture in the organisation. His idea of Traditional – Connected – Smart – Sustainable Enterprises
Exhibition Inauguration by Cornelis Cees Bal (Founder CEO, Linscan), Bose Babu (GSPC, ED) was well received by the audience. During the inaugural sessions, Mr A K Tewari from Indianoil, Mr Anand Mohan and Mr E S Ranganathan also addressed the audience. Dr. B.S. Negi, chairman organising committee elaborated on the vastness of the subject of PIMS and how the programme has been structured to cover all the key aspects of PIMS valuable to the participants. . The products and services showcased by the Exhibitors highlighted the latest technologies and developments in the industr y. All stalls from ASME, Atlas Copco, Digital Globe, Linscan, MTandT, Resonance Energy Learning Centre, Shubh Tradex and V K Vikram attracted many visitors and generated various enquiries and discussions turning out to be among the major highlight of the conference. Key Take away from this conference: General awareness about Pipeline for Life concept PIMS Tools and their application Prioritization of pipelines or pipeline sections depending on criticality and risk perception /demographic Provision and compliance of Regularity requirement Skill development program and capacity building for PIMS The general consensus evolved to address the following issues in the 3rd PIMS conference in 2018: Assessment of the residual life of pipeline – A practical approach Learning from the failures – the significant case studies selected from Indian and global experience
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www.oswindia.com
MARKETING INITIATIVE
Resonance Energy Successfully Organises National Conference cum Exhibition on Pipeline Integrity Management System
NEWS
Microsoft and Halliburton Collaborate to Digitally Transform the Oil and Gas Industry
Cairn Oil and Gas to Invest USD 4.6 Billion in New Exploration
Microsoft and Halliburton announced plans to enter into a strategic alliance to drive digital transformation across the oil and gas industry. The relationship will combine the expertise of a global leader in cloud and digital transformation with a global leader in exploration and production (E&P) science, software and services.
Cairn Oil and Gas, par t of VedantaBSE 1.88 % Ltd, will invest 300 billion rupees ($4.6 billion) in exploration projects off India’s east coast and in the onshore fields of Barmer in the west, its acting CEO said. The company expects approvals to be in place by the end of October, Sudhir Mathur told Reuters on the sidelines of the India Energy Forum in New Delhi, as Cairn under takes a fresh investment plan after the ex tension of its production contract until 2030. No debt will be raised for the investment, Mathur said, adding that the money will be spent over a period of three to four years.
Researchers and engineers from both companies will leverage and optimize Microsoft technologies in machine learning, augmented reality (AR), user interactions and Industrial Internet of Things, as well as Azure’s high-performant infrastructure and built-in computing capabilities to deliver tightly integrated solutions across the energy value chain. Areas of collaboration include: applying deep learning to reservoir characterization, modeling and simulation, building domain-specific visualization for mixed reality, creating highly interactive applications and fueling the digitalization of E&P assets. As a first step in the alliance, Halliburton has made DecisionSpace® 365 available on Azure, enabling real-time data streaming from IoT edge devices in oilfields and the ability to apply deep-learning models to optimize drilling and production to lower costs for customers. With the power of DecisionSpace® on Azure, big compute and predictive deeplearning algorithms will help optimize field assets and enable nextgeneration exploration and deep-earth models by using software to fill gaps in sensor data, while reducing the number of steps and time required to render models.
GST Rates on Upstream Oil and Gas Operations Rationalised The GOI rationalised the tax rates on upstream oil and gas operations. An official statement said this has been done to reduce the cascading of taxes arising on account of non-inclusion of petrol, diesel, ATF, natural gas and crude oil in GST and to incentivise investments in the E&P (exploration and production) sector and the downstream sector. The GST Council at its 22nd meeting held on October 6 had made recommendations for GST rate structure, the statement added. Following the decision, offshore works contract services and associated services relating to oil and gas exploration and production in offshore areas beyond 12 nautical miles shall attract GST of 12 per cent. Transportation of natural gas through pipelines will attract GST of 5 per cent without input tax credits (ITC) or 12 per cent with full ITC. The import of rigs and ancillary goods imported under lease will be exempted from IGST, subject to payment of appropriate IGST on the supply/ import of such lease service and fulfilment of other specified conditions, the statement added.The GST rate on bunker fuel is being reduced to 5 per cent both for foreign-going vessels and coastal vessels. www.oswindia.com
Cairn Oil and Gas was formerly known as Cairn IndiaBSE 0.90 % before it merged with Anil Agarwal’s Indian mining major Vedanta Ltd. The business received got a shot in the arm in March when the government approved the extension of its production-sharing contract in the Barmer basin in Rajasthan. The company had said earlier this year that it could invest more in further developing its four main Barmer fields on the condition its production-sharing contract was extended. The fresh investments are part of the company’s plan to produce oil and gas in India beyond 2020, Mathur said. Cairn will also start drilling for oil and gas in the Krishna-Godawari (KG) basin in the Bay of Bengal by the end of March.
Turkmenistan to Spend USD 93-Billion on Oil and Gas Sector Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov has vowed to spend tens of billions of dollars to prop up the country’s oil-and-gas sector, which has been hurt by low global prices and falling demand from Russia. “In the next seven years, we will make investments of 240 billion manats. In the oil-and-gas complex, we will invest 159 billion manats,” Berdymukhamedov said. He was speaking on October 9 at a meeting of the Council of Elders, an unelected body that offers no real check on the powers of the authoritarian Turkmen leader. Sitting on the world’s fourth-largest gas reserves, Turkmenistan has become dependent on energy sales to China after Russian halted purchases of Turkmen gas in 2016. Berdymukhammedov also promised that Turkmenistan would soon start producing electric cars in a bid to diversify the country’s heavily hydrocarbon-dependant economy. Berdymukhammedov said he would boost government revenues by cutting state subsidies that had been introduced by his predecessor, Saparmurat Niyazov. Berdymukhammedov said “the time has come to save and use state funds effectively.” The subsidies introduced in the 1990s effectively granted citizens of the repressive ex-Soviet republic free gas, water, and electricity.
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PRODUCTS Air-cooled Compressors
Modular Surge Protection Device
Sauer Compressors presents the BREEZE WP323LM Basic air compressor. This three-stage air-cooled compressor generates a flow rate of 420 m3/h with a final pressure of 40 bar (g) and a power consumption of 90 kW. It is one of four medium pressure models from a newly developed compressor Series for industrial applications. The BREEZE Series is based on a flexible modular system consisting of several crankcases with three to five cylinders. Thanks to its nine cylinder/piston combinations, the Series covers a wide output range and meets numerous customer requirements.The air-cooled compressors from the new BREEZE Series offer other innovations too, including the CubeCooler concept, which is being used for the first time. Block coolers arranged radially around the fan enable the recooling temperatures to be reduced by a third. A protective cover comes as standard and has an integrated gauge panel, ensuring outstanding usability with the highest safety standards. The protective cover covers the hot parts of the machine while still allowing easy access to the components relevant for maintenance. The industrial compressors from the BREEZE Series are generally very low noise, robust and compact.In addition to the BREEZE Series of medium pressure compressors up to 40 bar (g) and high pressure compressors with final pressures up to 500 bar (g), the modular system also opens up the option of booster versions with inlet pressures of up to 16 bar (g) as well as special gas-tight designs for gases such as helium, natural gas and hydrogen.
Eaton’s new MTL SD Modular range provides comprehensive protection from transient surge events up to 20 kA, the highest level of protection currently available for a modular pluggable device. Eaton’s MTL SD Modular range offers complete cost-effective surge protection to valuable instruments and distributed control systems. The design of the MTL SD modular device reduces maintenance cost and downtime, as modules can be quickly and easily replaced. The pluggable part is held in place with a simple retention tag and can be removed from its base without de-energising the protected device, saving the user valuable time and complexity. This is achieved using an innovative ‘make before break’ design to ensure uninterrupted loop operation during replacement. A diagnostic LED option is available to provide a clear, visual indication of a failed module so that engineers can immediately see which module to replace. A portable surge test device is also available, allowing users to simply check the health of each module during routine maintenance.This new modular range inherits the proven reliability of the MTL SD range, increasing system availability in a wide range of industries including oil and gas, chemical, power and water/wastewater. With versions available for all process signal types, they are ideal for panel builders, system integrators and engineers looking to protect electrical and electronic assets. The range is fully ATEX/IECEx certified for use in intrinsically safe applications, is SIL suitable and is designed to meet global standards.
For details contact: J P Sauer & Sohn Maschinenbau GmbH Brauner Berg 15 24159 Kiel, Germany Tel: +49 431 3940-0 E-mail: William.koester@sauercompressors.de
For details contact: Eaton Butterfield, Great Marlings, Luton Bedfordshire LU2 8DL, U.K. Tel: +44 (0)1582 723633 E-mail: mtlenquiry@eaton.com
Oval Gear Meter
Flammable Gas Analyser
The measurement element of this positive displacement oval gear meters consists of two precision oval gears. The revolution can be sensed by a magnetic-field-controlled pulse generator, resulting in only two moving parts, ie, ovalwheels. These oval gear meters can be used for application of nearly all operating conditions. Features very high/low temperatures; low and extreme high viscosities; nominal diameter DN 4 to DN 400; direct measurement of volume respective of volumetric flowrate; measurement at high viscosities and high accuracy; and 2-wire-technique.
The SERVOPRO 4210 multi-gas analyser is designed to monitor flammable gas samples including H 2/CO, HYCO or Syngas mixtures for trace level contaminants and per cent level components. The 4210 offers oxygen control using servomex’s unique paramagnetic cell, trace level measurement of CO, CO 2, N 2O and CH 4 using photometric sensor technology and IR technology for measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane at per cent levels.
For details contact: Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267 Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai 600 010 Tel: 044-26445626, 26448983 E-mail: sales@toshnwial.net
For details contact: Spectris Technologies Pvt Ltd Plot No: A-168 MIDC Thane-Belapur Road, Khairane Navi Mumbai 400 710 Tel: 022-39342700 E-mail: MEI_Sales@servomex.com
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PRODUCTS Mobile Pumping Stations
Rotary Screw Air Compressors
Grundfos India offers an intelligent mobile water pumping station. The unit comprises of two pumps, each capable of discharging 200,000 liters per hour. The mobile pumping station aims at reducing losses post disasters and can also be used for water supply in agriculture, horticulture, gardens and parks. With its double shaft seal system, which ensures trouble-free operations, the dewatering pumps along with a 50 kVA generator, control panel and a cantilever crane in a weatherproof enclosure, are mounted on a movable trolley that can be hauled by a truck or tractor. With a portable and compact design, these mobile pumping stations are light-weight and operate on just one cable, thus saving the need for additional sensor cables. These highcapacity pumps are suitable to use across harsh environments for dewatering of flooded areas in construction sites, draining of storm water, shipyards, waterlogged facilities/basements, drainage pits, power stations, low-lying catchment areas, fishponds, etc. The pumps are also specifically designed for pumping dirty water with a high content of abrasives like sand.
Ingersoll Rand offer new models to its line of R-Series oil-flooded rotary screw air compressors, which provide a more energy-efficient solution for customers with high capacity air requirements. The RS200 to RS250 models rotary screw air compressor will reduce energy cost by approximately 10 per cent for large manufacturing facilities. The RS200 to RS250 models are available with the new, state-of-the-art singlestage airend or the two-stage airend that increases airflow by up to 16 per cent. The new fixed-speed models are 10 per cent more efficient compared to legacy products, while the variable speed option is up to 35 per cent more efficient compared to the industry average. At the core of every Ingersoll Rand next generation R-Series compressor is an airend that is specifically designed to improve overall system efficiency. In addition to the enhanced singlestage airend, the RS200 to RS250 models are also available with the new two-stage airend. Each compressor comes standard with Progressive Adaptive Control (PAC) Protection, VShield technology, floating coolers and Ultra Coolant. These features help keep equipment running efficiently and maximize uptime for facilities that are manufacturing around the clock. All Next Generation R-Series air compressors are equipped with Xe-Series controllers, which allow easy, intuitive access to, and control of, the compressed air system. The Xe145 controller has built-in performance analysis and graphical trending, as well as built-in sequencing for up to four compressors.
For details contact: Grundfos Pumps India Pvt Ltd 118 Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Thoraipakkam Chennai 600 097 Tel: 044-45966800 Fax: 91-044-45966969 E-mail: salesindia@grundfos.com
For details contact: Ingersoll Rand India Plot No: 35, KIADB Indl Area, Bidedi Bengaluru, Karnataka 562 109 E-mail: airsolutionsindia@irco.com
SS Seamless & Welded Pipes, Tubes, "U" Tubes, Instrumentation Tubes, Foil, Coil, Flanges & Fittings Suraj Ltd, an ISO-9001, 14000, BS OHS 18001 Certified Company are one of the leading manufacturers and exporters of SS seamless and welded pipes, tubes, "U" tubes, instrumentation tubes, foil, coil, flanges and fittings in various sizes, specifications and grades, and also as per customer's requirements. Suraj has strong presence in the global market. Materials are all austenitic, ferritic, duplex and super duplex SS; specification as per ASTM, ASME, EN, NFA, JIS Standard; size range from 6.0 to 323.9 mm OD; thickness 0.8 to 25 mm; pipe length up to 12 metre long; and tube length up to 30 metre long. Specialization - heat exchangers, heating elements, surface condensers, automotive digestors, instrumentation tubing and fluid piping. It finds application in refinery, petrochemical, LP HP heaters, food, pharma, fertilizer, oil and gas, breweries sugar and ship building. Suraj also holds various Certificates for quality in accordance with AD2000 MERKBLATT W0 and Pressure Equipment Directives (PED) 97/23/EC from TUV, NORD and supply their above products under all national and international third party inspection authorities. Suraj also have their own testing laboratories to undertake various tests such as hydro, eddy current, PMI, IGC, UT, RT, spectro-analysis, mechanical properties and many others as per customers’ specification and requirements. For details contact: Suraj Ltd Suraj House, Opp: Usmanpura Garden Ashram Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380 014 Tel: 079-27540720, 27540721 Fax: 91-079-27540722 E-mail: suraj@surajgroup.com www.oswindia.com
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PRODUCTS Level Indicators
Push Fitting
Visual level indicators combine up to three functions in one instrument: level indicator, level switch and level transmitter. The display that can be read even over large distances works without energy and automatically as a result of the physical law of liquids in communicating vessels. The WEKA visual level indicators are characterized by their compact design and the wide range of applications. Operating pressures can range from a vacuum up to 500 bar as well as calculation pressures for the float standpipe up to the nominal pressure PN 630. Liquid densities >0.27 g/cm 3 as well as a temperature range from 77 K to 673 K (-196°C to 400°C) allow use in applications for cr yogenic liquid gases as well as in water hydraulics and steam boilers. Hermetically sealed floats for condensing media are available up to a max operating pressure of 320 bar. Flexibility through choice of suitable materials - standard materials: 316/316L 1.4435/1.4404, Group A4 stainless austenitic steel. Other possible stainless austenitic steels: 304/304L 1.4301/1.4306, 1.4571, 321, 1.4541. The WEKA visual level indicator is ideal for the commissioning of systems. The display works without energy and automatically as a result of the physical law of liquids in communicating vessels. Independent of a controller - and thus also independent in the event of a power supply failure - visual level indication on site is ensured. The wide, red- and silver-colored flag indicator system is easily and clearly readable, even from over large distances. The fully transparent flag indicator system made of polycarbonate (PC) also ensures readability from the side. The liquids, which are not always unproblematic and sometimes also hazardous, are safely enclosed in the dense and pressuretight float standpipe and separated from the indicator. WEKA visual level indicators offer the ideal solution for almost all operating conditions. For most applications, you will find a suitable device from our standard program. Again and again, however, customized solutions are also required for special operating conditions. Many designs can, eg, also be used in hazardous areas according to ATEX or IECEx (ATEX is a widely used synonym for the ATEX guidelines of the European Union). Toshniwal’s instruments can thus also be used in potentially explosive atmospheres. It finds application in explosion-proof plants, mechanical and plant engineering, water management, ship building, energy, space and research.
Excel Metal & Engg Industries offers wide range of instrumentation fitting and valves for use in diverse range of industries and are capable to provide their customers with best possible solutions to meet their various requirements. The production process followed is of higher standards with its modern production and quality assurance facilities where due attention is paid at every level with maximum resource utilization.Excel Metal & Engg Industries offers push fittings in SS, PU, PE, PTFE in size range from 1/8 to 1 inch; NPT, BSPT, BSPP and SAE. It has reliable locking systems and is leak-proof.
For details contact Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267 Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai 600 010 Tel: 044 26445626, 26448983 E-mail: sales@toshniwal.net
For details contact: Excel Metal & Engg Industries 177/181 J T Bldg, 3 rd Kumbharwada Lane Mumbai 400 004 Tel: 022-23892476, 66394004 Fax: 91-022-23884109 E-mail: info@excelmetal.net / excelmetal@mtnl.net.in
Standardized Chemical Pump with Magnetic Coupling KSB Pumps Ltd offers Magnochem pumps in India. These standardized chemical pumps with magnetic coupling are suitable for handling aggressive, toxic, explosive, valuable, flammable, malodorous or harmful fluids in the chemical, petrochemical and general industries.Magnochem horizontal, seal-less volute casing pumps in back pull-out design with magnetic drive confirms to ISO 2858 / ISO 5199. Magnochem pumps are Atex compliant also. Its broad range of variants offers excellent flexibility. Pumps are optimally designed for excellent energy-efficiency and offers maintenance-free long life.Magnochem pumps are available in 26 different sizes and are designed for 40 bar operating pressure and have capacity to pump liquid up to 300 cu meters per hour at head of 150 meters. To cater to wide range of applications; hydraulic components of Magnochem are available in different grades of SS and it can withstand fluid temperature between -90 and +300 o C. For details contact: KSB Pumps Ltd Mumbai-Pune Road, Pimpri Pune, Maharashtra 411 018 Tel: 020-27101241 E-mail: bipin.kode@ksb.com
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PRODUCTS Triplex Series Pumps
Valve Manifold
Mouvex offers the integration of Finder Triplex Series pumps into its growing portfolio of transfer solutions for the energy and industrial markets.Triplex Series pumps are highly reliable reciprocating plunger pumps specifically designed for a wide variety of critical applications found in oil and gas (onshore and offshore), nuclear and general industrial industries. These pumps are also compliant with API 674 to provide the best in reliability and safety.Triplex Series pumps are available in seven models – TD18, NF50, NH77, NJ116, NL171, TN 260 and TP420 – with power rating ranging from 13 to 310 kW (18 to 420 HP). Typical applications include water jetting, methanol injection, glycol recirculation, descaling, boiler feeding, and others.
Cipriani Harrison supplies valve clusters (manifold) mounted on the SS frame. There are number of advantages in the pre-fabricated manifold. Uniform and better quality of welding and surface finish; valve clusters (manifold) can be pre-tested before dispatch; cost-effective solution and lower start-up time for system/plant.
For details contact: Dover India Pvt Ltd – PSG 40 Poonamallee By-pass Sanneerkuppam, Chennai 600 056 Tel: 044-26271020, 26271023 E-mail: sales.psgindia@psgdover.com
Nitrile Gloves
Analytical & Purification Solutions Agilent’s new InfinityLab LC purification solution provides a complete portfolio of analytical scale to preparative scale purification systems. Comprised of eleven modules plus accessories and software, the new solution enables laboratories to tailor purification systems to meet their needs. Agilent provides a wide range of detectors for fractionation triggering, including mass-spectral detection with the new Agilent LC/MSD or LC/MSD XT systems. A new flagship for more standard HPLC analysis, the 1260 Infinity II Prime LC system provides an ideal front end to the new Agilent Ultivo Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry system. It provides the highest convenience standard in the 1260 Infinity II LC portfolio plus extended pressure range (up to 800 bar), superior quaternary mixing and specifically designed columns. Intelligent System Emulation Technology (ISET), ensures seamless method transfers from many Agilent and 3 rd party legacy instruments. The new 1260 Infinity II SFC system offers improved performance in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). As well as the high separation speed offered by SFC it also enables laboratories to save money and reduce pollution by replacing toxic and flammable solvents often used in normal phase LC. Agilent enables labs to compare results of SFC and LC runs performed on one system using a hybrid SFC/UHPLC system-configuration of the 1260 Infinity II SFC system or scout for chiral separation conditions using up to 32 columns and 12 solvents in a method development set-up. For details contact: Agilent Technologies Inc 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95051. U.S.A. Tel: +1 408 553 2005 E-mail: victoria.wadsworth-hansen@agilent.com www.oswindia.com
For details contact: Cipriani Harrison Valves Pvt Ltd 1901, GIDC, Phase IV, Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat 388 121 Tel: 02692-235082, 235182 Fax: 91-02692-236385 E-mail: info@harrisonengineers.com
Cole-Parmer offers ThinTouchPROtect nitrile gloves – a line extension of company’s ThinTouch range of gloves. Specially formulated, designed and tested to stringent standards, the gloves provide user with max assurance, superior comfort and enhanced tactility. They are tested against 29 chemotherapeutic drugs as per ASTM D 6978-05. They have exceptional breakthrough time even for Carmustine (3.3 mg/ml) – 127.5 mins and ThioTepa (10.0 mg/ml) – 240 mins. Manufactured using a unique formulation - they undergo series of exhaustive tests to ensure these are the best in the category. The gloves are highly chemical-resistant and are qualified for oncology production and research applications. The anti-static property with resistivity of 1X10 7 Ohms at humidity 51% - makes these gloves an ideal choice in processes demanding low electrostatic discharge. The glove has a great tactile feel for wearer comfort over extended period of use. Its unique colour provides visual differentiation from other natural rubber latex and synthetic gloves. ThinTouchPRotect Nitrile Gloves are available in 9.5” and 12” length and S to XL sizes. These are ambidextrous with beaded cuffs ensuring ease of donning and have textured fingertips for enhanced wet or dry grip. The gloves have low-particulates to prevent glove-related work contamination. For details contact: Cole-Parmer India, 403, A-Wing, Delphi Hiranandani Business Park, Powai Mumbai 400 076 Tel: 022-61394410, 61394444, Fax: 91-022-61394422 E-mail: vinita.singh@coleparmer.in
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PRODUCTS Wafer-Cone Flow Meter
Dry Disconnect Couplings
The wafer-cone features a flangeless design. The element is easily replaced to accommodate changing flow conditions. Recalibration is not required. There are no moving parts to maintain. The unit combines exceptional flexibility with high performance. The wafer-cone is the perfect low-cost solution to tough flow measurement problems in water and wastewater, chemical, food and beverage, plastics, pharma, district HVAC, textile, power and oil/gas production.Wafer-cone flow meter for superior accuracy and repeatability. The space-saving unit is easy to install. It is ideal for tight-space installations and retrofits. It requires almost no maintenance. The wafer-cone further reduces life-cycle costs with a long life.
OPW Engineered Systems offers it’s new Twist-Lok dry disconnect coupler. With its user-friendly operation and simple handling, the new Twist-Lok provides a quick, easy connection with minimal product loss. Representing the latest addition to OPW’s industry-leading range of dry disconnect couplings, the Twist-Lok has been specifically designed to be fully interchangeable with other dry disconnect couplers in the marketplace. The Twist-Lok has also been manufactured in accordance with the NATO STANAG 3756 Standard, and features SS-316 construction and an integral heavy-duty swivel to aid connection and minimize hose wear. In addition, this new coupler is designed with unique safety features for the operator, such as the ability to be fully interlocked when connected, while it includes a locking mechanism in the open position. Product selectivity is also available via mechanical keying to minimize risk of cross-contamination. Twist-Lok couplers are offered in 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-inch sizes (with larger sizes available upon request) and are available with a range of seal materials, including fluorocarbon, EPDM and FFKM with FNPT and ANSI flanged connections. The Twist-Lok is available with pressure ratings up to 360 psi, making it ideal for LPG and other highpressure applications. It is also suitable for vacuum service, and meets or exceeds all European and American railcar approvals.
For details contact: Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267 Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai 600 010 Tel: 044-26445626, 26448983 E-mail: sales@toshniwal.net
Sami Wedge Plug Valves Rasaii Flow Lines Pvt Ltd has established as specialist valve manufacturer for corrosive and erosive applications in oil and gas plants, petroleum refinery, petrochemical plants, pharma, heavy water plants, mining industry. The valves have proven performance in handling erosive and clogging area. Rasaii offers the wedge plug valves to serve as good replacement of metal seated globe and ball valves. Sami wedge plug valves are specifically designed to handle liquid with sludge, dirty liquids, acetic acid, liquids clogged with solid particles. The wedge plug claves perform in a superior way compound to metal to metal seated ball valves with their nil cavity possibility for suspension of flowing liquids and as well by avoiding any secondary replacement flexible soft sealing materials as primary isolation material. No scratch actions by embedded particles due to scrapping and cleaning of plug avoiding any metals embedding on to seats. The valves shall be operated with fully lubricated gearbox as well as can be operated with the linear electrical actuators of internationally proven makes. The gearbox will lift the plug and reseat for lower torque operation during open and close position. performance in sealing. For details contact: Rasaii Flow Lines Pvt Ltd TS No: 93/3, Poonamalle Road Ekkatuthangal, Chennai 600 032 Tel: 044-22252021, 22252022 E-mail: admin@rflvalves.com
For details contact: Dover India Pvt Ltd – PSG 40 Poonamallee By-pass, Sanneerkuppam, Chennai 600 056 Tel: 044-26271020, 26271023 E-mail: sales.psgindia@psgdover.com
Oval Wheel Meter Oval wheels (Type OV) is an ideal choice for all liquid measurements displace precisely known volume of liquid through the meter from inlet to outlet. The number of revolutions, therefore, is directly proportional to the measured volume. For the protection of oval wheel meters and turbine meters against foreign matter and solids contained in the liquids, measured with these meters. These strainers may also be used for protection of piping systems for contamination, Type N... without heating jacket size 15-100-mm (1/2" to 4"). It features 2-wire technique and has only 2 moving parts (oval wheels); high accuracy measurement at high viscosities and direct measurement of volumetric flowrate. For details contact: Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267 Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai 600 010 Tel: 044-26448558, 26448983 E-mail: sales@toshniwal.net
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PRODUCTS Leak Detector Edwards offers the new ELD500 precision leak detector. It is designed for fast, accurate leak detection and is customisable for any application. Edwards’ ELD500 is ready to go in under two minutes from power On. Users can benefit from simple pass/fail readings through to detailed analysis via the easy to read control inter face, and due to the low weight and integrated carr y handles it is mobile enough to be bench top or trolley mounted. At the push of a button the ELD500 can easily be set to work in either vacuum mode for precise measurement of leak rate or sniffer mode for identifying the leak location. The proven design of Edwards’ ELD500 leak detector, combined with low energy consumption, ex tended warranty and even longer life ion source, ensures exceptional low cost of ownership with no compromise on per formance. Edwards’ ELD500 achieves excellent repeatable accuracy through calibration with the integrated test leak source and high quality mass spectrometer, so it could be used on a production line, where consistent measurement repeatability is critical or in a laborator y environment where typically the measurement of ex tremely low leak rates is needed. The ELD500 has three variants, the FLEX, WET and DRY plus an ex tensive catalogue of accessories. For details contact: Edwards Ltd Innovation Drive, Burgess Hill West Sussex RH15 9TW, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 1293 52 88 44 E-mail: rebecca.walder@edwardsvacuum.com pr@edwardsvacuum.com
Flat Dry Disconnect Coupler and Adaptor OPW Engineered Systems offers it’s new Kamvalok flat dry disconnect coupler and adaptor. Engineered with all the same industry-leading features and benefits as traditional OPW Kamvaloks, the major technological advancement in the Kamvalok Flat is the incorporation of flattened connection points, including patent-pending smooth, flat-face poppets. This design effectively eliminates all cavities where liquid can pool and subsequently spill upon disconnection, reducing up to 85% of fluid loss at disconnect. OPW Kamvalok dry disconnect couplers are ideal in liquidtransfer applications involving a variety of chemicals such as petroleum products, solvents, paint, lacquers, inks, adhesives, fatty acids, pharma, soaps, detergents, agochemicals, caustics and many acids, to name a few. They feature easy-to-close stainless-steel Autolok locking arms and an industry-standard stainless-steel locking handle, which secures both the opened and closed positions to prevent accidental release or uncoupling. The Autolok locking arms also provide added protection with an automatic locking mechanism that is signaled by an audible, positive click, whereas uncoupling requires only an easy tug on the lock release. In addition, Kamvaloks feature vibration-resistant Twin-Kam arms.The OPW Kamvalok Flat is available in aluminum and stainless steel, and offered in 1.5-, 2-, and 3-inch sizes. A variety of temperature ranges are also available. For details contact: Dover India Pvt Ltd – PSG 40 Poonamallee By-pass Sanneerkuppam, Chennai 600 056 Tel: 044-26271020, 26271023 E-mail: sales.psgindia@psgdover.com
Trace Hydrocarbon Analyser A flame ionization detector analyser designed to assure safe operation for cryogenic air separation plants, the SERVOPRO FID ensures the level of total hydrocarbons (THC) is maintained below flammable limits, as well as providing quality control in pure O 2, N 2, Ar, air, He and CO 2.
For details contact: Spectris Technologies Pvt Ltd Plot No: A-168 MIDC, Thane-Belapur Road, Khairane Navi Mumbai 400 710 Tel: 022-39342700 E-mail: MEI_Sales@servomex.com www.oswindia.com
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EVENTS DIARY
events diary Operational Excellence in Refining & Petrochemicals Date: 6-8 November 2017
ADIPEC 2017 Date: November 13-16, 2017 Venue: Abu Dhabi
Venue: Norris Conference Center, Houston TX
Event:
Event: Refining and petrochemical companies are facing more volatility, competition, regulation and risk than ever before. Keeping your people safe, products sustainable and operations productive amidst shifting markets, changing regulations and increased pressure to improve operational efficiency isn’t easy. The Operational Excellence in Refining & Petrochemicals Summit will show you how to develop the culture, systems and processes of the world’s highest reliability organizations - and drive true business per formance excellence. This exclusive conference brings together Heads of Operations, HSE, Asset Management,
The Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference (ADIPEC) is one of the world’s most influential events for the oil and gas industry. As a premium exhibition platform ADIPEC enables professionals from around the world to do business and grow. Each year, ADIPEC provides one of the most important channels to do business and exchange information, attracting Energy Ministers, global CEO’s and leading decision makers across the 4 days of business discussions and knowledge exchange.
Maintenance & Reliability, ORM and Operational Excellence all in
For details contact:
one location to close the gaps and bridge the silos that exist in
Nour Soliman
most refining and petrochemical facilities.
DMG Events Tel: +971 2 697 0515 Email: noursoliman@dmgeventsme.com
For details contact: Telephone: +1 705 707 1301
Oil & Gas World Expo 2018
Email: enquire@iqpc.co.uk
Date: February 21-23 2017
ICSFR 2017: 19th International Conference on Shale Fuel Reser ves Date: 25 - 27 October 2017 Venue: Marina Bay Sands, Singapore Event: Gas Asia Summit & Exhibition (GAS) is the legacy event to the Gastech
Venue: Cidco Exhibition Centre - Navi Mumbai (New Mumbai), India Event: CHEMTECH Foundation will organise the 8th edition of Oil & Gas World Expo 2018 from March 1-3, 2018 in Mumbai, India. The international exhibition and conference aims to connect, discuss and comprehend the views of leaders, policy makers, regulatory authorities, and service providers of the Indian and Global hydrocarbon industry.
Conference & Exhibition – the world’s largest event for the natural gas & LNG industry and also encompasses the Asia Pacific Small & Mid-Scale LNG (APAC LNG) Forum. This multi-stream event gathers a global spectrum of VIPs, C-level executives, business leaders, technical experts and industry practitioners. It is a crucial business platform for the natural gas and LNG industry in Asia to discuss regional developments, discover innovative solutions and build profitable business relations. For details contact: Jack Mozumder Commercial Manager JackMozumder@dmgevents.com +65 6422 1476 (Singapore)
The expo will provide a platform to showcase innovative technologies and services, encompassing current and future trends in the entire value chain of hydrocarbon industry ranging from upstream to midstream and downstream. For details contact: Jasubhai Media PVt Ltd 3rd floor, Taj building, 210 D. N. road, Fort Mumbai- 400001, Maharashtra India Tel: 022-40373636 Fax: 022-40373535 Email: conferences@jasubhai.com Web: www.chemtech-online.com
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BOOKSHELF
Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas Authors
: Saeid Mokhatab, John Y Mak, Jaleel V Valappil, David A Wood
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing Paperback : 624 pages About Book : The Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gasis a timely book as the industr y is currently developing new large sources of supply and the technologies have evolved in recent years to enable offshore infrastruc ture to develop and handle resources in more remote and harsher environments. It is the only book of its kind, covering the many aspec ts of the LNG supply chain from liquefac tion to regasification by addressing the LNG industries’ fundamentals and markets, as well as detailed engineering and design principles.
LNG: A Level-Headed Look at the Liquefied Natural Gas Controversy Author
: Virginia L Thorndike
Publisher : D own East B ooks Paperback : 240 pages About Book : Till recently, natural gas has not been in the limelight, but that situation is changing fast. Complex issues of energy use and safet y are being brought down to in my backyard contex t for millions of Americans. This book provides balanced information about LNG so people can make informed decisions about whether they want to be neighbors of an LNG facilit y.
LNG Markets in Transition: The Great Reconfiguration Editor : Anne-Sophie Corbeau Publisher : Oxford University Press Paperback : 352 pages About Book: LNG Markets in Transition: The Great Reconfiguration examines the development of the LNG business over the past 50 years and examines how the industry will change over the coming 15 years, faced by unprecedented challenges to its historic business model.
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