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CONTENTS
FEATURES VOL. 15 | NO. 6 | OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 2018 | MUMBAI | US $10 | ` 150 OFFSHORE WORLD R.NO. MAH ENG/ 2003/13269 Chairman Publisher & Printer Chief Executive Officer
EDITORIAL
Editor Editorial Advisory Board Design Team Subscription Team Production Team
Maulik Jasubhai Shah Hemant K. Shetty Hemant K. Shetty Mittravinda Ranjan (mittra_ranjan@jasubhai.com) D P Mishra, H K Krishnamurthy, N G Ashar, Prof M C Dwivedi Arun Parab, Shankar Joshi Dilip Parab V Raj Misquitta (Head), Arun Madye
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Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Oil & Gas Industry: Avoiding Pitfalls and Ensuring Success
06
Dr Sean Otto, Vice President - IoT & Analytics, Cyient Insights
Prospects of Plastic and Petrochemical Sector in North East India - Gateway to ASEAN & BBIN Countries 10 Pranjal Kumar Phukan, Chief Manager (C&P), Contrac ts and Procurement, Brahmaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited
Oil Movement and Storage Best Practices
16
Rick Rys, Senior Consultant, ARC Advisory Group, Boston
IT-OT, Industrial IoT & Analytics: The Triple Force Towards Integrated Asset Performance Management for O&G
21
Enhanced Oil Recovery and its Relevance in Indian Oil Fields
24
The Role and Challenges of Alarm Management in Process Industries
28
Digital Transformation driving upside for the LNG Industry
30
Polymer-based Solutions for Progressive Riser Technology
33
Murali Chandrahasan, Head - Engineering IT Solutions, L&T Technology Services
Dr Partha P Mitra, Oil & Gas Startup Mentor and, E&P Domain Specialist, India
Larry O’Brien, Vice President, ARC Advisory Group
Ron Beck, Energy Industry Director, and Sunil Patil, Business Consulting Director, AspenTech
Collin Gaskill, Product Development Engineer, and Patrick Waal, Head of Sales, Trelleborg Offshore
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FEATURES
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Oil & Gas Industry: Avoiding Pitfalls and Ensuring Success Though Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a buzzword in several industries in the last few years to improve operational efficiency and quality, Oil & Gas Industry has also marched towards intelligent automation as a means to improve production, reduce operational expenses and maintain high safety standards. However, not all AI deployments are successful and the industry is still learning how to appropriately apply AI models to processes, integrate them into products and, in all honesty, trust a computer to make decisions that humans once made. The article highlights some of the challenges companies face when adopting AI solutions today, whether they build them in-house or not, as well as a few key characteristics that create successful implementations.
A
rtificial Intelligence (AI) has been a buzzword for several years. Ironically, however, the concept of AI has been around for decades. With the increase in digital solutions worldwide, the inner workings of many products and platforms we use today contain AI models and algorithms, though they are not necessarily advertised as AI. However, as AI increases its status as a game changer in products and services, that trend is changing. In the oil and gas (O&G) industry, there is a drive towards intelligent automation as a means to improve production, reduce operational expenses and maintain high safety standards. Through improved sensing technologies, big data storage, cloud computing, and intelligent data modeling, the O&G industry is beginning its own digital renaissance. Despite this surge in intelligence innovation, however, not all AI deployments are successful. We are still learning how to appropriately apply AI models to our processes, integrate them into our products and, in all honesty, trust a computer to make decisions that humans once made. Outlined below are some of the challenges companies face when adopting AI solutions today, whether they build them in-house or not, as well as a few key characteristics that create successful implementations. To begin, let’s review the key distinction between the two types of AI: • Generalised Intelligence - what most of us would consider true AI and is often illustrated in movies • Specialised/Specific Intelligence - Designed and tuned for a specific activity or set of situations The second type represents the vast majority of AI being developed and integrated into O&G solutions today. From a business perspective, we can divide AI-driven solutions into four different areas of impact: • ’Do more with less ‘– Improve and/or maintain production • Improve safet y – Implement safet y equipment detec tion or air contamination monitoring capabilities • Risk mitigation and compliance – Monitor and identify real-time issues in operations
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• Provide additional services and solutions – Use generated data to deliver insight, which could reduce operational expenditures Regardless of the type of solution being built, AI is a very data-driven and technical endeavor. Once an organisation has solved all the technical issues related to gathering data from sensors, communicating that information and storing it either on the premises or in the cloud, then an AI solution can be developed. Keep in mind that resolving technical issues can be more challenging than anticipated and requires continual maintenance and observation. Once these tasks are accomplished, the challenge shifts to creating solutions with that data, which will solve business problems in an automated, self-learning and self-sustaining manner. Ultimately, good AI is something we experience, not something we do. Doing the legwork necessary to develop successful AI-driven solutions should be the focus of organisations and is where the toughest challenges are solved. Data Science - the Power behind AI AI is driven by the discipline of data science. To better understand how to execute and deliver AI solutions, we need to better understand the practice of data science. Data science is an interdisciplinary field that extracts useful knowledge and insight from data and applies it to solving real-world problems. While there is a lot of hype about AI replacing jobs, historically many technologies have minimised or removed repetitive tasks to enable a focus on higher skills (e.g., typewriting pools). AI should not be seen as a “job killer”, but rather as a solution that enables humans to make decisions quicker, optimise repetitive tasks and improve safety. Companies will always need physical labor and operational oversight. For example, a pump armed with sensors generates lots of data. However, with AI, that pump could interpret the data and take action, independently of a human operator. Driving Successful AI projects Implementing an AI solution enables O&G companies to optimise operations. Locating and managing assets efficiently, effectively and safely is key when adding AI capabilities to any product or service. However, before an AI solution
Offshore World | 6 | October-November 2018
FEATURES is built and integrated, companies should be aware of the specific activities that actually drive AI success: Budgeting Long-term: In O&G, the ultimate goal of AI is to improve up-time, increase safety, and reduce operational expenditures. However, that doesn’t necessarily mean AI solutions will always be cost-effective, which leads to our first pitfall. Data science is a research and discovery activity, not an innovation activity; therefore, it takes dedicated time, money, failures, and communication. Successful companies approach AI solutions as ‘laps around a track’ and don’t view it as a ‘single moon shot’. Unfortunately, this approach creates challenges when budgeting for an ongoing AI project. However, understanding the process and laying out a comprehensive approach will help avoid potential hidden costs. Educating Stakeholders: AI-driven solutions should be regarded as part of any company’s digital transformation efforts but ensuring that all stakeholders are onboard is a challenge every company faces. There is a strong need to educate leadership, management, technicians, equipment suppliers, and finance, operational, management, and engineering teams about the implications and benefits of AI. As previously mentioned, AI must be thought of as an experience and not as a tool. Data science leverages statistical tools to design specific data outputs, but AI is about integration into systems. Because of that subtle distinction, AI solutions impact many different people and departments within an organisation. Companies who start with communication and training are more likely to be successful in their AI efforts, even before they have designed any AI solutions. It’s important to educate teams about integration, but don’t overpromise on functionality, because AI isn’t a silver bullet and doesn’t solve all problems. It is a strategic tool and should be leveraged as such to deliver a concerted team success. Employing External Experts: Another pitfall that organisations may face when integrating AI-driven solutions is the tendency to do everything inhouse. Keep in mind that AI is also a software technology, and effectively implementing new software requires a team with different skillsets. Acquiring those skillsets also can be a challenging task. There are plenty of vendors available that can provide services and components for AI solutions. Businesses need to be strategic about which components they want to own and which fit with their current operations and skillsets. For example, a company that has an IT group focused on enterprise support would be unwise to “dump” software development onto a team that isn’t ready to support it. Companies who have been successful with AI-driven connected solutions have placed their software development team within the sales organisation. This strong distinction enables them to build customer-driven solutions without the encumbrance of ensuring the remaining systems are working.
• Data engineers enable model inputs and transform model’s outputs into high-performing solutions that are scalable and timely. • DevOps teams manage software processes and deploy quality software within minutes, not months. • UI/UX teams transform model outcomes into something consumable by creating relevant and visual applications. • IT teams support the infrastructure need for AI solutions. • Data leaders define the right data objectives and align AI-driven solutions with business needs. If any group overemphasises their contribution to the overall AI solution, it will only result in a project that is less successful. Additionally, data scientists, engineers, software programmers, and business leaders do not always make good data leaders. Data leaders have a unique and diverse set of skills and shouldn’t expect to be able to develop them internally. It requires a unique balance of discipline to process while adhering to the chaos of creativity. The Value of AI While everyone is actively seeking AI success, the following key elements are critical considerations: • Data science without a strategy is inviting failure. • Business strategies come first, technology second. • Great ideas don’t always translate into a viable business improvement. • Evangelisse AI initiatives throughout an organisation with internal training and communications. • Celebrate the right wins. • Just because a great model exists, doesn’t mean the business will readily accept it. • Failures are successes too, especially when they result in key business lessons. • Put an end to silos and allow other departments to join in on the success of AI. AI is actively changing the O&G industry and driving businesses to be different. Some are ready for that change and some are not. Organisations that are most willing to reach out and partner with vendors will share in the evolving ecosystem, bringing solutions to the marketplace more rapidly. From upstream applications and model permeability changing how we frack shale oil and gas wells, to improving midstream production, and reducing costs as well as downstream impacts on distribution, AI-driven solutions are unlocking amazing value.
Building the Right Team: Identifying everyone’s role is another challenge to tackle. Successful AI implementations are about creating enduring constellations of success, not brilliant shooting stars that ultimately fade. Here are some suggestions for creating a successful AI enablement team:
Dr Sean O tto Vice President - IoT & Analytics Cyient Insights
• Data scientists create AI models that predict outcomes with a high degree of accuracy. www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 8 | October-November 2018
FEATURES
Prospects of Plastic and Petrochemical Sector in North East India - Gateway to ASEAN & BBIN Countries The idea of “Growing” and “Reforming” India has not just enticed the Indian businesses but also enthused foreign investors to make India as investment destination with expectations. Plastics and Petrochemicals plays a vital role in the growth of Indian economy and will continue at the expected growth rate of 8% till 2030. Plastic and Petrochemicals Sector has become the ubiquitous workhorse of the modern economy – manufacturing products with peerless functional properties and optimum cost. The uses of plastic products have increased twenty-fold in the last two decades and is expected to double again in the next five years. This sector offers a new vision and roadmap to overcome the boundaries of today’s incremental improvements and fragmented initiatives which will align with the principles of the circular economy, to unlock future growth opportunities with an unequivocally systemic and shared approach. The aim of this sector is to move the plastics value chain into a positive spiral of stronger economics, capture value and better environmental outcome- while creating a shared sense of direction and igniting the spark of innovation.
I
ndia faces massive demand for polymers and petrochemicals fueled by a robust economic growth. An ambitious dream was nur tured by the countr y’s flagship oil & gas companies in Nor th East India in setting up first of its kind petrochemical industr y by supplying feedstock for conver ting it into polymers. The petrochemical complex
has the competitive advantage of consistent supply of feedstocks viz., Naphtha and Natural gas. Built with the facilit y which integrates the world’s best technologies producing 280 KTPA of polymers, such a capacit y will alter the polymer market dynamics of Nor th East by easing the supply positions and providing the customers with qualit y
Figure 1: Statistics on global average for plastic demand www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 10 | October-November 2018
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FEATURES produc t options. The worldwide consumption of per capita of plastic is approx. 27 kg. India’s per capita is 9 kg but Nor th East per capita is less than 4 kg per year. Packaging industr y in India has seen a strong penetration of plastics as compared to global standards. However, agriculture sec tor still hasn’t explored the benefits of plastics to a large ex tent. Global average for plastics demand in agriculture is ~8% while India is substantially lower at only 2%. (Figure 1)
Skilled Labour Force Ready Projec ts Comprehensive Government Suppor t The current consumption in NER is around 4300 MT per month (MTPM) with the following break-up: (Figure 2)
The Indian plastics processing industr y has grown at a CAGR of 10% in volume t e r m s f r o m 8 . 3 M MT PA i n F Y 1 0 t o 1 3 . 4 MMTPA in FY15 and is expec ted to grow at a CAGR of approx imately 10.5% from FY15 t o F Y 2 0 t o re a c h 2 2 M MT PA . Th o u g h t h e outlook for plastics processing in the Indian subcontinent is positive, still the industr y faces many challenges. Coupled with local availability of raw material, market potentials for down-stream industries a n d v a r i o u s g o v e r n m e n t i n i t i a t i v e s a r e Figure 2: Statistics on region-wise demand pattern expec ted to give a fur ther boost in setting up of plastic processing units in the region. Various initiatives are Virgin Polymer (as processed in NER): 2300 MTPM under taken by various stake -holders viz., setting of production units, Reprocessed Polymer (as reprocessed in NER): 900 MTPM public utilities, logistics, residential areas and administrative ser vices External Supply (Processed products as are supplied to NER): 1100 MTPM to boost the development of plastic industries scenario in the region. The petrochemical complex with an investments more than USD 1.5 Billion K e e p i n g i n l i n e w i t h t h e G o v e r n m e n t o f I n d i a ’s v i s i o n o f will lead the growth in the future with ample supply of raw materials to more Hydrocarbon-2030, the primar y focus is on promoting and attrac ting than 200 plastic processing industries to set up and fulfill the envisaged plastic-based downstream industries which will not only bring in bright future in Plastics and Plastic products for the region. The lone mega large amount of investments but also generate huge employment Petrochemical Industry in the entire NE region has brought renaissance in oppor tunities and socio- economic development in the region. the polymer sector in the region with readily availability of raw materials thereby paving the way to set up , numerous downstream polymer industries North East Scenario: North East of India is bound to take a big leap and will grow at a faster speed in will be set up in the region, and polymer consumption will also rise. the field of Plastic and Petrochemicals. Assam consumes a wide range of plastic/ polymer products and is the most industrialized state in the North Eastern region. Besides, the state holds the unique strategic position as the entry point to the rest of the states in the region as well as ASEAN and BBIN countries and hence have tremendous scope for polymer market including scope for exports. The region has the following basics of the growth i.e;
Market Raw Materials Resources including infrastruc ture
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As North East region enjoys the strategic locational advantage of being in close proximity to ASEAN countries, hence operation of lone petrochemical complex in providing polymers will help in getting the necessary fillip in feedstock sourcing and in the polymer processing sector along with increased growth in end-user industries propelling the growth of plastics in North-East India. Th e re g i o n h a s t h e s t r a t e g i c a d v a n t a g e s a s b o t h u p s t re a m a n d downstream is coming up in the region coupled with lower labour cost and investor-friendly approach by most of the state governments
Offshore World | 12 | October-November 2018
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Figure 3: Growth drivers of Nor th Ea st region of India
of the region. The Gas Cracker has proven to be the potential game changers and in shifting the focus of plastic industr y to eastern states of India and become the hub for future growth (Figure 3).
command around 2% in the domestic market. The complex enjoys 60% market share in Nor th East region and working relentlessly for fur ther improvement in the scenario.
Way forward The plastic industr y in the region, at present, is witnessing a dramatic transformation from a low-profile produc tion base accounted for by the local entrepreneurs, to a scenario in which the major-players in the field in the countr y are focusing on investment oppor tunities i n t h e re gi o n . Th e m a j o r p e t ro c h e m i ca l p l aye r s i n t h e re gi o n a re committed to establish significant presence in the nor th-east region in petrochemical sector by way of production or sourcing and marketing of qualit y produc ts, deploying efficient distribution and marketing channels to cater to the needs of target customers. Oppor tunit y of expor ting desired polymer (PE/PP) grades in the adjoining countries is also being explored for expanding market footprints of the Plastic Industr y in nex t few years.
In terms of new plastics era D emands and new way of thinking and emerging technologies, demand for per formance plastics such as biodegradable polymers is expec ted to be on rise across the world including India. Focus areas are going to be modern farming through Plasticulture, packaging for processed food & non- durables, better p l a s t i c s f o r Au to m o b i l e s, i n f ra s t ru c t u re d e ve l o p m e nt, i n n ovat i ve p ro d u c t s f o r Te l e co m m u n i cat i o n a n d I T s e c to r s. P l a s t i c u l t u re ca n significantly benefit agriculture by its wide applications in all the areas of farming. It can be used to tackle the specific problems faced by Nor th-East regions.
Coupled with local availability of raw material, campaigns like “StartupIndia” launched by the Government of India are expec ted to give a fur ther impetus in setting up of plastic-processing units in the region. As also India gears up to take the Make in India initiative for ward, lone petrochemical complex in Nor th East region India products will provide tremendous boost to the nation and give an impetus to the downstream industries. The transport cost component involved here will be relatively low (say ` 1800-` 2000 per ton), as compared to transport cost from the western region (say around ` 5500 per ton). Petrochemical complex in North East region has registered its presence in the market and presently www.oswindia.com
Conclusion Pe o p l e u n d e r s t a n d t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f P l a s t i c s a n d t h e ro l e o f Petrochemicals in the future and many future looking projects came up which were earlier not possible because of unavailability of raw materials or uncertainty of the availability of the raw materials. India will remain the leader in the economic growth for next decade and so will be North East region of India. Various government strategies with consistent and suppor tive policies like “Ac t East” has transformed Nor th-East Petrochemical and Plastic Industr y towards sustainable competitiveness thereby providing longterm investment with stable business. Keeping in line with the Centre’s vision of Hydrocarbon-2030, the state government has called upon
Offshore World | 14 | October-November 2018
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entrepreneurs to invest in plastic industr y. The government has also passed the Ease of D oing Business Bill 2016, creating possibilities of a single window clearance system for fast tracking business projec ts in the state. The focus is on promoting and attrac ting plastic-based downstream industries which will not only bring in large amount of investments but also generate huge employment oppor tunities and socio - economic development in the region. Significant effor ts are also being made by all the stakeholders to realize the real potential of this sec tor and positioned it as an evolutionar y economic player in the Nor th East region.
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Oil Movement and Storage Best Practices Correct management and operation of an oil and gas terminal is essential for a successful business. The processing, transporting and storing of crude oil or refined petroleum products in tank farms, involve custody transfers of partner and commingled stock, significant volumes of data from various sources and blending complexities.
T
ank farm automation for oil movement and storage in refiner y o f f s i te s s p a n s m u l t i p l e te c h n o l o g i e s. Th e s e i n c l u d e l e ve l, temperature, and flow measurements; DCS; PLC; preset controllers;
advanced control and optimization; safety systems, supply chain systems; and transactional business information systems. Since refinery offsites are often key for monetizing production, best practices are needed to enable these different technologies to work together as an integrated whole to support overall operational flexibility.
The storage tanks and extensive auxiliary equipment and instrumentation represent expensive assets. These provide surge volume for the transition of batch crude oil receipts and batch finished product shipments while the refinery operates continuously for years at a time. Receiving/distribution terminals are a separate oil movement tank farm that receives gasoline and distillates from refineries via pipelines, rail cars, barges, and/or marine carriers. Such terminals may blend ethanol or butane, into raw gasoline from the refinery and typically have truck
Truck Loading Terminal (Zeeco Products)
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Offshore World | 16 | October-November 2018
FEATURES loading operations to distribute the petroleum products to gas stations and fuel oil companies. Operational Flexibility is Key A key goal of tank farm automation in refinery off-sites is to support overall operational flexibilit y. This enables safe operation within operational constraints. The ability to accommodate a lowcost crude purchase or deliver a finished, onspec product when needed and with minimum quality giveaway provides financial benefits for both refinery operations and supply chain management. Operational flexibility allows the refinery to run with fewer changes to the refinery unit operations. Alternatively, it allows receipts and shipments to continue with minimal disruption when refinery unit operations are upset, such as an unexpected shutdown of a process unit like the FCC or the hydrocracker. The refinery runs continuously to process crude into rundown or blend component tanks. The rundown tanks in the tank farm provide surge capacity
Refinery Off-sites Tank
to meet batch blending and batch product shipments. Operational flexibility is improved if the refinery has many tanks with a large volume to maximize surge capacity. Given that refineries and terminals have a specific number and configuration of tanks, the problem to be solved is how to use those tanks most effectively. Operational flexibility provides oil traders with more options to buy the right crude oil at the right prices and to sell specific products to meet constantly changing customer requests. Oil Movements rre Complex Of course, tank farms must also be safe and environmentally compliant. It is important to plan feasible movements, line up the piping, and execute the movement without delay or risk of product contamination. With best practices, the topology of the piping system is precisely known and understood by the tank farm automation system. The status of the piping system, block valves, control valves, and all pumps must be known. Planning must consider any leaking valves or defective pumps, as well as other simultaneous material movements that could conflict with the lineup path of other movements. The management for piping paths books or reserves pumps, valves, and piping segments for the duration of a movement. Planning a series of product movements can result in many feasible solutions with many simultaneous movement paths. The particular pumps, flowmeters, valves, and pipe segments selected will place limits on the flowrates for feasible paths. This can be a critical decision that impacts the duration of a movement. A blending operation, for example, involves lining up multiple rundown tanks to a blend header that flows into a product storage tank. Selecting a small pump or a small flowmeter for the alkylate blending component might limit the blend rate and extend the time required to fill the product tank. This could impact future oil movements by tying up the needed equipment. Gasoline Blending Example Consider a complex material movement operation like blending gasoline. A particular batch of premium gasoline will have specific requirements for oc tane, RVP, sulfur, and perhaps a dozen other produc t qualit y
Offshore World | 17 | October-November 2018
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Level Measurement and Tank Gauging Systems
specifications. The blending problem requires selec ting component or rundown tanks and a product tank. The product tank is typically a floating roof-tank with significant residual heel volume. Suppose that heel volume was from a previous batch of regular gasoline. Based on the available components selec ted for a planned blend and the planned blend ratio or formulation, it might not be possible to meet the produc t qualit y requirements for premium gasoline before the product tank is filled.
Tank Gauging Systems Clearly, knowing the inventor y in a refiner y tank farm in real time is a fundamental requirement for effec tive automation. There are various technologies for level measurement and many will include “strapping tables” used to conver t tank level to stored volume using a look up table. Tanks expand and distor t when filled. Temperature compensation is of ten also needed to ensure accurate volumetric measurements. Available tank gauging options include: Radar/microwave
An additional consideration is whether all the selected component tanks
have sufficient volume to execute the blend. This is because the refinery
Hydrostatic, D/P head-based level
Capacitance
Ultrasonic
Buoyancy float (servo or tape)
Float Inductive
Nuclear
may be filling the component tanks while the blender is simultaneously drawing from the same component tanks. This is only one of the many complex situations that arise for oil movement and storage. As discussed below, many technology solutions are available for these types of problems. www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 18 | October-November 2018
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ď Ź
Dip tube with gas flow back pressure
ď Ź
Level switches (D/P, capacitance, float...)
ARC has developed a selection guide that can help users select the appropriate tank gauging systems for their varied applications. Tank Information Systems Tank information systems (TIS) combine tank level/volume information with product quality information that might be computed, measured with analyzers, or determined by periodic sampling with lab analysis. The TIS could include a graphical user interface and likely provides connectivity to other automation functions. The TIS provides a useful real-time database to support other tank farm applications. Movement Monitoring and Yield Tracking Applications Movement monitoring and material balance yield tracking applications can display all the active movements with alarms for issues and keep records for all movement histories. Mass balance checks can help ensure that reduced volumes in the source tanks match both flow metering and the volume gain at the destination tank. Flowrate metering can be adjusted using accepted practices to compensate to standard conditions. Movements can be tracked against customer orders.
Path Management/Movement Automation Path management typically employs procedural automation to facilitate movement line ups, start the flow, and stop the movement when completed (or if it must be interrupted). The application may involve booking specific equipment and requires a complete understanding of the entire tank farm piping network. Without instrumented pumps, valves, hoses, and other assets, path management cannot be fully automated, requiring operator confirmation that manual procedures are accomplished. For example, some hose connections may be required to start an oil movement, but the operator must first confirm that the proper hose connections are made. Blend Ratio Control Refinery tank farms routinely have gasoline and distillate blending systems. At a minimum, a refinery will execute a simple ratio control scheme in which selected components are combined into a blend header before being delivered to a product storage tank or sent to a pipeline. During this blend movement, the blend components are maintained in a volumetric ratio based on flow measurements. In a typical arrangement, the flows ramp up to a blend rate, continue at the blend rate until the blend approaches the end, then flows ramp down to a trickle before the blend stops. Various schemes can handle a situation in which one or more components cannot keep up
Offshore World | 19 | October-November 2018
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FEATURES the required flow, which would prevent the desired blend ratio from being achieved. For example, “pacing� control could be used to slow down the blend rate to maintain the desired blend ratio. Blend Optimization Simple blend ratio control does not respond to upsets in produc t qualit y or errors in estimating the component tank qualities used to compute the blending ratios. Various implementations use online analyzers at the blend header for feedback control to adjust the blend ratio during the blending process. This helps ensure the blended product meets all product quality specifications. Some configurations compute the values of some or all blend proper ties in the produc t tank as it is filling, based on analyzers connected to the blend header. With optimization, the blend can be optimized for the lowest cost of components, or an alternate goal like minimum deviation from star ting ratio. In either case, the analyzer-based control system attempts to fill a produc t tank that will meet produc t specs. An offspec produc t tank is problematic as it may require splitting the tank into t wo volumes w i t h a p atc h ( re b l e n d ) f o r e a c h . At b e s t, i t t i e s u p t a n k a g e a n d delays shippable produc t. The blend optimization problem t ypically ex tends into the refiner y operation to keep a proper inventor y of b l e n d c o m p o n e n t s a n d e n s u re t h e re f i n e r y i t s e l f i s o p e r a t e d a t optimal targets within all operational constraints. Producing the most profitable blended produc ts when needed has significant impac t on supply chain management and refiner y profitabilit y. Since blending can involve a collection of online analyzers, these analyzers must be managed to ensure they deliver reliable and accurate results. This requires periodic calibration and validation of streaming real-time data.
with business applications. The latter include refiner y planning, yield accounting, and environmental health & safet y repor ting. Operators execute the movements that involve refinery tanks, pipelines, barges, trucks, rail cars, etc. Truck drivers execute the loading operations at truck terminals. Every facility will have specific physical equipment, instrumentation, control systems, planning and tank farm software and operating procedures. While the exact instrumentation, automation, operating procedures, plant operating software, and business applications will var y, training all stakeholders to work cooperatively with a clear understanding of roles and responsibilities is an essential best practice. Recommendations A top-quartile oil movement system requires many different functions to work together smoothly. Compared to typical refinery units, tank farm automation touches more business organizations and requires frequent coordination between the operations group, supply chain and trading group, and refinery scheduling and planning groups. ARC recommends that installing high-quality (ideally, intelligent) field instrumentation, especially tank gauging, is a good starting point. Since product quality of crude oil impacts refinery operation and finished product quality must meet shipment specifications; high-quality, well-calibrated online and laboratory analyzers are also essential. It is important to clearly identify roles and responsibilities that are consistent with the software integration of business and operational applications. As an example, the planning group may queue up a sequence of gasoline blends for the next 30 days. Operations may execute a planned blend, but might be forced to deviate from the recipe due to unforeseen refinery upsets. This, in turn, may require the blend planner to edit future blends in the queue. Clearly, it’s critical for all personnel to be working from accurate and timely data with a single version of the truth.
Source: Siemens
Overall Best Practices B e s t p ra c t i ce s h e l p e n s u re s a f e, e nv i ro n m e nt a l ly co m p l i a nt, a n d efficient operations. This implies maxmum operational flexibilit y, o p t i m a l u s e o f s u rg e c a p a c i t y, m o v e m e n t p l a n n i n g c a p a b i l i t y, automation of movement lineups, automation of movement procedures, accurate inventor y accounting, and smooth integration www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 20 | October-November 2018
Rick Rys Senior Consultant ARC Advisor y Group, B oston Email: SPrahladrao@ARCweb.com
In the modern era as markets become competitive, leading organizations place a lot of emphasis in reducing operating costs. Asset centric companies such as Oil & Gas companies are progressing and making great efforts to constantly monitor and correct the performance of underlying assets through newer technologies. By reducing asset downtime with the help of technology, a company can withstand huge losses which in turn can affect its market position. With the advent of Industrial IoT, the process of asset management can now become smarter & more effective. This article highlights the convergence of Information technology (IT) and Operational technology (OT) with new generation technology enablers such as Industrial IoT and Big Data Analytics that enables Integrated Asset Performance Management Solution for Oil & Gas industry. Oil & Gas Industry Challenges in Asset Performance Management: Integrated Asset Management with Convergence of Industrial One of the biggest challenges facing the Oil& Gas Industry today is to reduce IoT and Asset Management Applications asset downtime and improve the utilization of assets. These challenges Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) combine sensors and information are fur ther intensified by the fact that such assets are distributed at technologies (Cloud, Mobile, Analytics) to enable assets to interact multiple locations and require data to be monitored by multiple users at with monitoring, analytics and control systems over Internet networks. different levels. Consider this typical operations scenario: An Operations According to a recent survey by ARC on Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Head would be interested in knowing the Productivity Forecast, the Plant top business drivers for adoption are reduced machine asset downtime, Manager would require the data to be consolidated at Plant level, the more rapid service response and improved process performance (Fig 1.1). Site Engineer will look for operations data and finally the Maintenance Convergence of operational technology (OT) like SCADA or Data Historian Engineer would require preventive and corrective data. Operational Data with information technology applications like SAP-PM along with asset is available in multiple operational technology applications (OT) such as maintenance strategies lay the foundation for successful integrated asset SCADA& Data Historian and Maintenance and Productivity data is available in information technology (IT) applications which need to be accessed performance management solution for asset centric industry verticals. In in multiple systems by varied stake holders which makes it difficult to an era of challenging business times, optimum risk management by use of manage critical assets and make informed business decisions. Effectively technology can go a large extent towards cutting down uncertainties and the problem statement is to have a real-time intelligence platform that potential vulnerabilities. IIoT is fast emerging as the remedy for this as it IIoT Drivers plays the role of a technology enabler in convergence with IT-OT landscape can manage business excellence on all aspects.
Metrics Uptime
MTTR
Maintenance
Throughput
Efficiency Cost Control
Operations
ROA Revenue Revenue
Figure 1.1 November 14, 2016 | 1
Sales
ARC Survey with 200+ responses Q2 2014 Confidential | L&T Technology Services VISION, EXPERIENCE, ANSWERS FOR INDUSTRY
Offshore World | 21 | October-November 2018
Š ARC Advisory Group • 1
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IT-OT, Industrial IoT & Analytics: The Triple Force Towards Integrated Asset Performance Management for O&G
FEATURES Integrated Asset Performance Management (iAPM) Solution Architecture OSI PI Core Sight Portal
APM Dashboards
Information Technology (IT) Applications
CIS
iAPM Solution Components
Industry specific Asset model
ERP
EAM
Partner System Configurator
Business Activity Monitor
KPIs Externalization
Intelligent Asset Tag
Alarm/Event Monitor
Remote Asset Management
Asset Track & Trace
Asset Performance
Incident Management
Asset energy process Model
iAPM- Industry specific business process models Operational Technology (OT) Applications
Industrial IOT Devices
SCADA/Historian
FSM
Figure 1.2 November 17, 2016 | 1
Confidential | L&T Technology Services
to address the industrial pain point from asset management perspective. IIoT literally brings life to material machines. Along with IP enabled device gateways and platforms such as GE Predix and BIG DATA analytics, IIoT enables actionable insights into asset management for key stake holders based on historical data machine learning algorithms. Integrated Asset Per formance Management: The above diagram depicts a typical Integrated Asset Performance management (iAPM) solution framework. The key IIoT drivers along with relevance of each element on the metrics serves as a reference point for the key departments of Maintenance, Operations and Sales. It provides an integrated solution architecture where Industrial IOT devices are connected to conventional assets for real-time condition monitoring. (Fig 1.2) Integration of real-asset information from Industrial IoT platform with Enterprise Asset Management and portal applications provide asset-insights to key stake holders enabling and empowering them for informed business decisions.
The solution can be easily extended with enterprise data infrastructure tools such as OSI PI Asset Framework which provides an easy access to various asset types and their associated attributes which will be maintained in asset library. S m a r t A s s e t s e n a b l e d w i t h s e n s o r s c a p t u re v a r i o u s o p e r a t i o n a l parameters and are sent via IOT Gateway to the IOT Platform on Cloud. Some examples of modern digital platforms are L&T Technology Services’ homegrown UBIQWeise platform, General Electric’s Predix framework and PTC’s Thingworx. The frameworks enable integration of OT systems and applications such as control systems, SCADA/Historian and IoT Platform with Enterprise IT applications such as Enterprise Asset Management, Enterprise Resource Planning and portal applications such as CoreSight. OSI PI Asset Framework provides an enterprise data infrastructure which enables Asset Context mapping, and integrates to IT and OT applications with Industrial IoT platforms and Analytics tools for asset insights.
IIoT is fast emerging as the remedy for cutting down uncertainities and potential vulnerabilities, as it plays the role of a technology enabler in convergence with IT-OT landscape to address the industrial pain point from asset management perspective. www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 22 | October-November 2018
FEATURES Business Benefits of Integrated Asset Performance Management
Figure 1.3
November 14, 2016 | 3
Strategic (increased asset utilization, improved performance and highest economic return on assets)
Financial (reduced both operational and maintenance costs)
Operational (reduce downtime, adherence to business process, improve quality, asset performance)
Reliability (reduced risk, early warning of impending equipment failures)
Engineering (decision support, less-time analyzing and more time acting)
IT (asset data quality, integration, real-time context & insights with Analytics)
Confidential | L&T Technology Services
iAPM framework leverages convergence of IT-OT applications and new generation IIoT platforms
Abbreviations used in the article EAM: Enterprise Asset Management
EAM products such as IBM Maximo, SAP PM Etc. – to automate the work order generation.
APM: Asset Performance Management
APM products such as Meridium for defining asset strategies, RCM and RBI functions
FSM: Field Service Management
Visual Analytics products such as QlikView, Tableau, OSI PI CoreSight etc – to provide near real-time Asset insights through visual dashboards. S t a t i s t i c a l A n a l y s i s t o o l s s u c h a s H a d o o p, S A P H A N A , R e t c – t o p ro v i d e P re d i c t i ve / P re ve n t i ve M a i n t e n a n c e insights. Geo Spatial Applications such as ESRI GIS and GE S m a l l Wo r l d f o r p r o v i d i n g g e o s p a t i a l a s s e t c o o r d i n a t e s .
H i g h l e ve l b u s i n e s s b e n e f i t s o f i m p l e m e nt i n g i A P M s o l u t i o n a re highlighted in Fig 1.3.
IIOT: Industrial Internet of Things SAP-PM: SAP Plant Maintenance IT- Information Technology OT: Operational Technology SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition GIS: Geospatial information System CIS: Customer Information System ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning (This article was originally published in October-November 2016 issue of Offshore world)
Business Benefits Informed decision-making had never been so precise and razor sharp till the technology-driven integrated asset performance management came into prominence. Also predictive analytics improves asset management and reliability of modern machine learning algorithms positively impact the Oil & Gas industry. Technology enablers such as IIOT thus add more value to convergence of IT-OT applications. Offshore World | 23 | October-November 2018
Murali Chandrahasan Head - Engineering IT Solutions L&T Technology Services Email: C.Murali@lnttechservices.com
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Enhanced Oil Recover y and its Relevance in Indian Oil Fields Enhanced oil recovery, also called tertiary recovery, is the implementation of various techniques for increasing the amount of crude oil that can be extracted from an oil field. This article discusses the various EOR methods, their applicability, and the screening criteria for various reservoir types in Indian contexts. Why Enhanced Oil Recover y? India’s domestic consumption of petroleum produc t was 194 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT ) in the fiscal year 2016-17. The Hon’ble Prime M i n i s te r i n h i s v i s i o n at “ U r j a S a n g a m 2 0 1 5 ” h a d s e t a t a rg e t to reduce the domestic crude impor t by 10% by 2022. In realit y, our crude impor t is increasing ever y year, 82% during fiscal 2016-17 from 78.5% during fiscal 2014-15. On the other hand, there has been steady decline in crude oil produc tion from 2012-13. Globally, the rate of replacement of the produced reser ves by new discoveries has been declining steadily over decades and of late, exploration ac tivit y was badly hit by low oil price. India is not an exception. There has not been any big discover y in Indian Basins after Mangala field in Barmer in 2004. Considerable por tion of current world’s oil production comes from the matured old fields. The majorit y of Indian producing oil and gas fields are in decline or in matured phase. The average recoveries from Indian matured fields are less than world average. To achieve reduc tion of crude impor t by 10% by 2022 looks ex tremely difficult unless we make some real big discoveries and bring them to early production. However, it is possible to increase the domestic production by focusing on improved recover y from our Indian matured fields and other initiative such as bio fuel which is rightly under the radar of NITI Ayog at present. While discover y of new fields is not entirely in our hands, the fast implementation of Enhanced Oil Recover y (EOR) mechanism is something doable and achievable. Normally oil is recovered from the subsur face reser voir under three phases. Primar y recover y is the mechanism where the hydrocarbon rises to the sur face of its own or through some kind of ar tificial lif ting mechanism using pumps. S econdar y recover y is the process where water or gas is injec ted from injec tion wells and that displaces the oil to the producing well bores. Majorit y of our Indian fields are under these t wo categories. In a situation where the oil mobilit y is an issue either due to its fluid charac teristics or depleted www.oswindia.com
reser voir pressure, significant amount of already mapped oil remains undrained despite having produc tion infrastruc ture. EOR is a ter tiar y mechanism which helps to recover this bypassed oil and improve t h e ove ra l l re cove r y f ro m t h e f i e l d. I n I n d i a , i t i s e s t i m ate d t h at only 4% of our produc tion comes from EOR campaign which is well below the world average of 20-40%. A mere 10-20% increase in oil produc tion through EOR from Indian fields would generate an additional 4 -8 MMT of oil a year. Different Types of EOR Th e E O R c a n b e b ro a d l y c l a s s i f i e d u n d e r t h re e h e a d i n g s n a m e l y t h e r m a l re cove r y, g a s i n j e c t i o n a n d c h e m i ca l f l o o d i n g. Th e s u cce s s o f E O R m e t h o d l a rg e l y d e p e n d s o n t h e t y p e o f re s e r vo i r ro c k , i t s p h y s i c a l p ro p e r t i e s a n d t y p e o f c r u d e. I t i s e s t i m a te d t h a t a b o u t 7 5 - 8 0 % p re s e n t E O R p ro j e c t s a re f ro m s a n d s to n e re s e r vo i r w h i l e rest are from carbonate ~18-20% and ~4% from other rock t y p e s. A s t h e n a m e s u g g e s t s, i n t h e r m a l re c o ve r y, t h e re s e r vo i r i s h e a te d w h i c h re d u c e s t h e v i s c o s i t y o f t h e o i l a n d i n c re a s e s t h e m o b i l i t y o f t h e o i l to f l o w to t h e p ro d u c e r s. I t wo r k s ve r y we l l f o r v i s c o u s c r u d e t y p e a n d f i r s t s u c c e s s f u l l y t r i e d i n Ve n e z u e l a a n d s u b s e q u e nt ly i n U S A . I n Ca n a d a , t h i s s t i l l re m a i n s o n e o f t h e m a j o r E O R d r i ve r s. Th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f s o l a r e n e rg y f o r t h e r m a l E O R h a s s h o w n s o m e ve r y i n te re s t i n g re s u l t s i n f i e l d s o f O m a n . Th i s c o u l d b e ve r y e f f e c t i ve w h e re a d e q u a te g a s i s n o t a v a i l a b l e o r e ve n i f a v a i l a b l e ; t h e s a m e i s u s e d f o r c o m m e rc i a l s a l e. Th e r m a l E O R h a s b e e n e f f e c t i ve i n I n d i a n f i e l d s s u c h a s S a n t h a l, B a l o l o f Ca m b a y. B ut it has its adverse impac t on environment and as a result despite i t s h u g e p o p u l a r i t y a n d a cce p t a n ce, i t i s b e i n g g ra d u a l l y re p l a ce d b y o t h e r E O R m e t h o d s. In case of Gas injec tion, natural gas, nitrogen or carbon dioxide is injec ted into the reser voir and gases then expand and push gases through the reser voir, or mix with or dissolve within the oil. This
Offshore World | 24 | October-November 2018
FEATURES gives rise to decreasing viscosit y and increasing flow of the oil. This is also known as miscible injec tion. The t wo major fac tors that affec t the per formance of a miscible flood are oil- displacement efficienc y at the pore level and sweep efficienc y on the field scale. EOR using Carbon dioxide (CO 2 -EOR) has gained significant popularity in Industr y where technologies have been developed to injec t CO 2 created as byproduct in place of naturally occurring CO 2 . This has been ver y effective in fields of US, Venezuela and some fields in Canada. Gas injec tion technique has been successfully applied in Gandhar of Cambay and B orholla of Assam by ONGC. The EOR through chemical flooding is other EOR method and is quite p o p u l a r g l o b a l ly. I n Ch e m i ca l E O R , Po ly m e r i s a d d e d to wate r to increase its viscosit y and reduce water permeabilit y, thus decreasing its mobilit y and when this mix ture is pumped through the injec tor, the mix ture ac ts as a piston to push the oil to the producers. The process involves pumping water containing sur fac tants to reduce the inter facial tension bet ween the oil and water phases thereby altering the wettabilit y of the reser voir rock resulting in enhanced oil recover y from the reser voir. Thereafter the Polymer is mixed with water and injec ted continuously for an ex tended period of time. After a significant reser voir pore volume is subjec ted to injec tion, the drive water is pumped into the injec tion well to push the polymer s l u g a n d t h e o i l b a n k i n f ro n t o f i t m o v e s t o w a rd s t h e n e a r b y produc tion wellbores. Sur fac tants are also used in conjunc tion with polymers which helps in reducing the sur face tension bet ween the oil and water for better sweep. Screening and Trial The execution of any EOR project normally involves the s c re e n i n g m e c h a n i s m , p i l o t s c a l e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d f u l l f i e l d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a f t e r a s u c c e s s f u l p i l o t. D u r i n g s c re e n i n g, i t i s e x t re m e l y i m p o r t a nt to e v a l u ate, m o d e l a n d s i m u l a te v a r i o u s E O R scenarios through feasibilit y study. It is impor tant to note that t ype o f ro c k s a n d q u a l i t y o f o i l m a y v a r y d r a s t i c a l l y w i t h i n t h e s a m e b a s i n a n d t h e re f o re t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e b a s i n a n d g e n e rat i o n o f o i l a re i m p o r t a n t. Tr i a l o n p i l o t p ro v i d e s i m p o r t a n t f i e l d d a t a w h i c h h e l p s i n re f i n i n g t h e s c re e n i n g a n d s u b s e q u e n t f u l l f i e l d i m p l e m e nt at i o n cove ri n g t h e e nt i re f i e l d. I t i s a n o r m a l p ra c t i ce to
a cq u i re va ri o u s re s e r vo i r d at a d u ri n g t h e a c t u a l exe c u t i o n w h i c h i s u s e d to co nt i n u o u s l y u p d ate t h e p e r f o r m a n ce a n d m a ke n e ce s s a r y c o u r s e c o r re c t i o n i f n e e d e d. Polymers & EOR Po ly m e r s g e n e ra l ly u s e d f o r E O R ca n b e b ro a d ly c l a s s i f i e d u n d e r t wo categories i) Synthetic polymers and ii) Bio-polymers. The most commonly used synthetic polymers are Polyacr ylamide known as PAM and Hydrolyzed Polyacr ylamide (HPAM). The high salinit y drastically reduces the viscosit y proper ties of the mix ture and PAM is found to be stable to 62°C at seawater salinit y and 90°C at normal salinit y. Therefore the application of PAM is generally restric ted to onshore operation. HPAM is derived by par tial hydrolysis of PAM and it has high tolerance to high mechanical forces, low cost and resistance to bac terial attack. Some modified HPAMs are found to be stable at 120°C. However HPAM is found ineffec tive in reser voir with high salt or salinity. It is also sensitive to hardness and presence of sur factants or other chemicals. The application of Bio-polymer as a replacement of synthetic polymer is possibly nex t big thing to happen in EOR application. Such bio p o ly m e r s ca n b e ex t ra c te d f ro m f o re s t f u n g u s. Xa nt h a n g u m a n d S chizophyllan, a kind of polysaccharide, are being studied which are produced by different bac teria through fermentation of glucose o r f r u c to s e. Th e m o l e c u l e s o f s u c h b i o - p o l y m e r s g e n e ra l l y h ave high molecular weight and ver y rigid polymer chains. It has been established through laborator y studies that these bio-polymer exhibit better chemical, mechanical stabilit y, improved injectivit y and above a l l, a re m o re e nv i ro n m e nt f ri e n d ly s i n ce t h e y a re b i o d e gra d a b l e. H o we ve r, t h e a p p l i c at i o n o f b i o - p o l y m e r i s at a n e a r l y s t a g e o f development and therefore is quite expensive. Application of polymer and its successful outcome will depend upon the compatibilit y of the polymers with the t ypes of reser voir rock , the reser voir conditions, the t ype of fluids etc. Globally major EOR projects are from clastics / sandstones rock types. Carbonate reser voirs are always challenging in terms of mineral composition, quite often naturally frac tured and charac terized by heterogeneous porosit y and permeability distributions. In the presence of fractures, there is a high
I n C h e m i ca l E O R , Po l y m e r i s a d d e d to wa te r to i n c re a s e i t s v i s co s i t y a n d re d u ce wa te r p e r m e a b i l i t y, t h u s d e c re a s i n g i t s m o b i l i t y a n d w h e n t h i s m i x t u re i s p u m p e d t h ro u g h t h e i n j e c to r, t h e m i x t u re a c t s a s a p i s to n to p u s h t h e o i l to t h e p ro d u ce r s . Offshore World | 25 | October-November 2018
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FEATURES possibilit y that the injec ted fluid will flow through the frac tures n e t w o r k b y p a s s i n g o i l i n t h e ro c k . Th e re f o re , t h e l o w p o ro s i t y, presence of frac tures and oil to mixed wet rock proper ties are likely to result in low recover y in Carbonate reser voirs. In a t ypical offshore environment, salinit y, hardness of the water may adversely affec t the effec tiveness of any chemical EOR methods. EOR implementation in offshore fields is always more challenging than the on land fields. D e s i g n i n g a n i nte g rate d f a c i l i t y a n d re e n g i n e e r i n g t h e o l d w i t h new facilities becomes more complex and cost intensive. With the stric ter environmental laws, the waste management remains another c h a l l e n g e b u t t h e s e a re a l l m a n a g e a b l e w i t h a d e q u ate p l a n n i n g, adopting the right technology with sound execution plan.
campaign in the world. Th e c u r re n t a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e o p e r a to r i s
EOR in India
References 1. Ann Muggeridge, Andrew Cockin, Kevin Webb, Harr y Frampton, Ian Collins, Tim oulds, Peter Salino - Recover y rates, enhanced oil recover y and technological limits, D ecember 2013 – The Royal Societ y Publishing
I n d i a h a s l a rg e n u m b e r o f m at u re d f i e l d s f ro m b i g to s m a l l a n d some are producing over the decades. However the EOR is the area which probably didn’t get the due attention it deser ved. The Indian Upstream regulator Direc torate General of Hydrocarbon has initiated a study on EOR best prac tices with stakeholders input for Indian
t h a t t h e re e x i s t s a n E O R re s o u rc e b a s e o f 3 0 0 m i l l i o n b a r re l o f i n c re m e n t a l re c o ve r a b l e o i l f ro m t h e s e t h re e f i e l d s p u t to g e t h e r. All our Indian present EOR fields are on land Assets and are s a n d s to n e / c l a s t i c re s e r vo i r s w h e re a s s i ze a b l e m at u re d f i e l d s a re i n o f f s h o re a n d o u t o f t h e m m a n y a re c a r b o n a te s. Th i s m a ke s t h e E O R i m p l e m e n t a t i o n i n I n d i a n o f f s h o re m o re c h a l l e n g i n g. M e d i a re p o r t s u g g e s t s t h a t O N G C i s w o r k i n g o n 2 8 E O R p ro j e c t s a n d G o ve r n m e n t o f I n d i a i s a l s o p l a n n i n g to a u c t i o n n o m i n a te d f i e l d s f o r E O R w h i c h i s e n c o u r a g i n g. A l l t h e s e p u t to g e t h e r m a ke s I n d i a as an ideal destination for EOR campaign.
2.
fields. Histor y of EOR in Indian dates back to early 80s with fields of G ujarat. R ecover y through thermal processes were commercially
3.
t r i e d i n f i e l d s s u c h a s S a n t h a l, B a l o l & L a n w a o f G u j a r a t. G a s injec tion and chemical EOR process in other G ujarat field such as
4.
Public domain Repor t on Solar Enhanced Oil Recover y – An incountr y value a ssessment on Oman, Jan 2014 Public domain Report on Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemical Flooding by CAIRN Public domain Presentation on EOR 2017 in Indian Context by ONGC
Gandhar and gas injec tion in B orholla of Assam are some of the other o n g o i n g co m m e rc i a l E O R s c h e m e s o f O N G C . Howe ve r t h e s u cce s s stor y of chemical EOR in the fields of B armer basin of R ajasthan by Cairn India with its Joint Venture par tner ONGC has put India in global map of EOR campaign. The operator rightly recognized the impor tance of EO R in early stage of field life c ycle. Mangala , the largest producer of Cairn India was put on produc tion in 2009 and the pilot study was initiated as early as 2011. The operator carried out a detailed EOR pilot for Mangala field with water flood followed by a polymer flood and subsequently Alkaline Sur fac tant Polymer (ASP) flood were successfully run to quantify the incremental recover y. B ased on the positive outcome of the EOR pliot in Mangala field, the full field implantation is being carried out wh ich has helped in maintaining the field plateau produc tion better than what was e n v i s a g e d d u r i n g e a r l y d e v e l o p m e n t p l a n . Th e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of Chemical EOR for other R ajasthan fields such as B hagyam and Aiswariya have already been initiated and under different phases of ac tivities. The operator has leveraged the learning from Managla to other R ajasthan nearby fields. Today it is one of the largest such www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 26 | October-November 2018
Dr Par tha P Mitra Oil & Gas Star tup Mentor and E&P D omain Specialist, India Email: mitra.par tha@outlook.com
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The Role and Challenges of Alarm Management in Process Industries Alarm management and process safety are closely intertwined. Your alarm management system and associated operator intervention are often the last line of defense before a safety system trip. However, the role of alarm management is also important when you consider other layers of protection, such as the process control system. The ISA 18 and IEC 62682 standards govern alarm management for the process industries, while the ISA 84 and ISA 61511 standards cover safety instrumented functions (SIF). A good understanding of the role of alarms in process safety is necessary both for optimum operator effectiveness and plant safety.
M
any end users are undergoing alarm management projects at their respective plants or across their companies right now. In some cases, they are migrating from an old alarm management system. In others, they are initiating a new alarm management program. In either case, if you are under taking such a project, it’s a good idea to have a comprehensive understanding of where process alarms and safety intersect. In alarm management, there are lots of different classes of alarms, all with their own requirements. The same can be said for process interlocks. Process interlocks, for example, prevent incorrect operation and possible damage to process equipment, while safet y interlocks prevent hazards presented to humans and are designed to prevent death, injur y, or a major process incident. A third classification of interlocks is also emerging that can be called Independent Protection Layer (IPL) interlocks. IPLs protect against abnormal situations, while safety interlocks respond to abnormal situations and take the process to a safe state. The same logic can be applied to alarms. All alarms should require an operator response per ISA 18, but not ever y operator response will be a critical safety-related response. A disruption in the process for a food plant, for example, must be documented in a cer tain way to satisfy regulator y requirements as a food safety alarm. This kind of an alarm is not an ever yday process alarm that you would find in a downstream petrochemical plant, nor is it a safety alarm. Instead, it falls into a class called “highly managed� alarms. So, we now have multiple classes of alarms with multiple requirements.
current standards and best practices like ISA 18.2, EEMUA 191, and IEC 62682. The primar y goal of these standards and practices is to develop a continuous improvement approach to alarm management and ease the alarm burden on operators so they only see the information they need to see, par ticularly during process upsets or other abnormal situations. However, adherence to standards and best practices is not the only issue end users face today. Advanced alarm management solutions have been available on the marketplace for many years now. As a result, many end users now need to migrate to a new alarm management application as their older ones become obsolete. In many cases, users are using this as an oppor tunity to improve their alarm management philosophy and implement some of the newer aspects of these solutions, such as dynamic alarms that can change in lock step with the dynamically changing state of the plant.
ARC Advisory Group recently conducted a survey on current practices and trends in alarm management in the process industries. We also wanted to learn how end users, suppliers, consultants, and system integrators are approaching the often challenging issue of migrating existing alarm management applications. Alarm management in general continues to be a big issue in process plants, driven largely by the need to conform to www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 28 | October-November 2018
FEATURES of Nor th America also follow the standard. Close to 20 percent of respondents indicated that they follow the IEC 62682 standard, which closely follows ISA 18.2. ARC asked respondents to describe briefly the three primar y challenges they faced regarding alarm management project implementation. While we received quite a few different responses, we were able to identify three main challenges in the responses to this open-ended question.
ARC received over 170 responses to the survey. Close to half of the total respondents were end users, while consultants represented over 19 percent of respondents. Suppliers represented a relatively small portion of total respondents, at just 17.5 percent. Other respondents included OEM and skid-mounted equipment manufacturers, and system integrators. While not all respondents answered all survey questions, we did note general alignment in the responses, whether from end users, suppliers, or thirdparties. We believe that this is significant.
Challenge #1: G etting M anagement Buy I n and Allocating Resources Many of the primar y challenges listed deal with human issues, such as getting “buy in� from operators and management, and finding the appropriate amount of time, resources, and training to do the project effectively. Cost and funding issues were also prevalent. Actually per forming the alarm rationalization aspect of the project was also listed as a primar y challenge.
On an industry basis, the bulk of responses came from the oil & gas sector (over 24 percent), while petrochemicals and bulk chemicals accounted for 19 percent of responses. Regionally, most respondents were from North America and Western Europe. On a whole, these regions have the largest installed base of advanced alarm management applications.
Challenge #2: Lack of Subject Matter Exper ts Secondar y challenges also included human issues such as buy in, ease of use, and basic issues such as time and resources. However, we star t to see more specific technical and implementation challenges as secondar y issues, such as alarm philosophy development challenges, configuration issues, developing or redefining KPIs, ease of use, and database issues. People issues also star t to become more specific, such as finding sufficient subject matter experts (SMEs), developing common work processes and procedures across the enterprise, and resistance to change by operator and other personnel.
M o s t s u r ve y re s p o n d e nt s h a d re ce nt ly i m p l e m e nte d a n e w a l a rm management and rationalization project at their company or facility; many on a companywide basis. Clearly, there is still a lot of activity in alarm management and rationalization and ARC believes this effort will only escalate over the next few years as many end users face the need to migrate from older alarm management platforms, while other users who have not yet implemented advanced alarm management solutions will embark on new projects.
Challenge #3: Alarm Rationalization and Consistency We still see some cost and resource concerns repeated as ter tiar y challenges, but there are also more specific people - oriented and technology issues listed, such as keeping alarm rationalization up to date, management of change, and implementing dynamic alarming. Ac h i e v i n g co n s i s te n c y i n a l a r m m a n a g e m e nt w h i l e d e a l i n g w i t h disparate sources of data was also pointed out as a key challenge.
Over 35 percent of respondents were taking existing applications and applying minor upgrades. The rest were fairly evenly distributed among those who were implementing brand new projects, those who were migrating to a new solution from a new supplier, and those who were migrating to a new solution from the same supplier.
Larr y O’Brien Vice President
Most respondents (72 percent) indicated they follow the ISA 18.2 standard. This is consistent with the survey demographics, since this standard is ver y popular in Nor th America. Clearly, however, many users outside Offshore World | 29 | October-November 2018
ARC Advisor y Group
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FEATURES
Digital Transformation driving upside for the LNG Industry
A
current industry hot topic is the impact of digital transformation
concepts, such as repeatable, modular compression and regasification
on the LNG value chain. The market outlook for Liquified Natural
plants that can be implemented on floating vessels, are also redefining
Gas (LNG) is relatively bullish, as the US and Australia are well
the equation for driving down time and CAPEX.
positioned as reliable LNG suppliers to energy hungr y Asia Pacific, especially Japan. Well suppor ted by pro-environment policies, LNG is
The LNG industr y is transiting from long-term to shor t-term contracts,
a relatively cleaner source of energy for the power generation industr y.
which will commoditize the industry overtime. The financing parameters
R elatively affordable with lower carbon output, the usage of LNG
for capital-intensive LNG refrigeration plants have changed with shorter
(compared to coal) helps countries reduce the amount of particulate and
timeframes and reduced planning cycles. As such, the entrepreneurial
greenhouse gas emissions. In Southeast Asia, the Lantau Group sees the
L N G p l aye r s n e e d to a cce l e rate t h e i r a d o p t i o n o f n e w d i s ru p t i ve
proliferation of LNG regasification plants, as an ongoing trend for the
te c h n o l o g i e s to s e c u re t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e co m p e t i t i ve a dva nt a g e.
rest of this decade. According to BP, India is one of the fastest growing large energy consumers globally and IEA projects the countr y’s share in the global energy market to reach nearly 7% by 2020. Like China, India is also tr ying to rely less on coal and increase usage of LNG to reduce pollution.
Clearly, the time delay in bringing LNG projects to completion needs to be shor tened, factoring new market realities. In doing so, producers are well positioned to mitigate delays in completing LNG projects by driving down capital costs, in areas, such as new contracting models, reduced project execution risk.
A Changing Game for LNG Players I n d u s t r y t a i lw i n d s, s u c h a s grow i n g m i d d l e - c l a s s p o p u l at i o n s i n emerging markets and the deployment of asset optimization software, h e l p a cce l e r ate u p s i d e f o r t h e L N G m a r ke t. Wi t h t h e p e rc e p t i o n that market risks are increasing, the LNG industr y is likely to face increasing restrictions in securing capital expenditure (CAPEX). Without sufficient CAPEX, future supply can be impacted. Factors impacting
Transform Digitally with a Clear Roadmap To increase productivity via digital transformation, process companies need a clear roadmap. This roadmap needs to align with the company’s objectives, be pegged to measureable outcomes, demonstrate a clear re t u r n o n i nve s t m e nt ( R O I ) , f a c to r p re v i o u s e f f o r t s to t ra n s f o r m digitally and the subsequent impact on the organization. Companies
access to capital, include the duration of contrac ting timelines, as
need to be flexible and recognize that digital transformation presents
well as increasing expor t facility reliability and supply chain agility.
an immense oppor tunity to increase profitability. In adopting the right
The capital-intensive nature of the LNG industr y forces companies
technology solutions, leading companies become lean and agile. The
to optimize their logistics operations and strengthen operational
best per forming companies will be those who have adopted cutting
excellence. This necessitates the adoption of the latest automation
edge innovation in a pragmatic manner. With the emergence of digital
technology, such as analytics, ar tificial intelligence (AI) and advanced
technologies, the adoption of digital transformation is accelerated.
machine learning software. In adopting innovative asset optimization
However, there are roadblocks. In a global sur vey, AspenTech found
soft ware, process and capital-intensive companies can reduce risk,
out that only 38% out of hundreds of refiners expec t a significant
increase reliability and accelerate returns on investment (ROI). New
return on investment in less than two years from digital transformation
To i n c re a s e p ro d u c t i v i t y v i a d i g i t a l t ra n s f o r m a t i o n , p ro ce s s co m p a n i e s n e e d a c l e a r ro a d m a p. Th i s ro a d m a p n e e d s to a l i g n w i t h t h e co m p a n y ’s o b j e c t i ve s , b e p e g g e d to m e a s u re a b l e o u tco m e s , d e m o n s t ra te a c l e a r re t u r n o n i n ve s t m e n t ( R O I ) , f a c to r p re v i o u s e f f o r t s to t ra n s f o r m d i g i t a l l y a n d t h e s u b s e q u e n t i m p a c t o n t h e o rg a n i z a t i o n . www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 30 | October-November 2018
FEATURES Co m p a n i e s w i l l i n g to u t i l i z e re a l - t i m e o p e ra t i o n a l d a t a , a d va n ce d a n a l y t i c s ( e n a b l e d b y m a c h i n e l e a r n i n g ) ; m u l t i va r i a te a n a l y s i s a n d r i c h p ro ce s s k n o w l e d g e w i l l b e i n d u s t r y l e a d e r s o f to m o r ro w. driven initiatives. This means that companies need to be diligent and
disciplined in devising a good plan to succeed.
Machine learning keeps expensive LNG assets running, increasing the reliability and uptime of LNG compressor trains;
Digitally twinning crucial LNG assets can save millions of dollars
A Master Game Plan
across the lifecycle to achieve a wide range of operating benefits
To accelerate returns, companies need a five-step plan to succeed. First, it
and safety assurance;
is necessary to maximize value from current technology, as new initiatives
need to be integrated and built upon existing infrastructure. Second, it is necessary to understand the level of maturity in an organization. Digital
design process, reducing the time and CAPEX of LNG projects;
transformation is strongly tied to organizational change, as the level of collaboration between teams increases. This is because all technology investments and digital transformation initiatives should be linked to
Concurrent and smar t engineering software optimizes the LNG Co l l a b o r a t i o n i m p r o v e s w o r k f l o w s a n d r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h contractors, while eliminating cost and time overruns;
By producing at optimum capacity, advanced control can yield several thousand times return on investment.
expected business benefits, payback and return. Four th, companies need to identify key success metrics when adopting such initiatives.
As emerging technologies advances, there is no turning back from the
For example, the key measures of refining excellence include feed and
rapidly accelerating digital transformation wave. Smart companies need
product flexibility; reliability and uptime; energy use optimization and the
to be razor sharp in tracking ROI and be armed with a pragmatic roadmap
overall cost of leadership. Fifth, companies should encourage workforce
to advance ahead of the market competition in a strategic manner.
skills development. Beyond a solid master plan to achieve optimal digital transformation, technical and operational competenc y needs to be present. In outsourcing technical work, companies risk draining technical expertise. Leading energy companies benefit greatly by choosing the right technology software to transform digitally. For example, a LNG firm from the Gulf of Mexico has employed machine learning based prescriptive maintenance in Louisiana to obtain early warning of compressor operating risks. With reduced compressor downtime, the company saved several millions of dollars per year in maintenance expenses. Locking in Upstream Upside Industr y leaders advocate the accelerated schedule, which is the e a r l y m o n e t i z at i o n o f s u cce s s f u l d i s co ve r i e s. Th e L N G i n d u s t r y ’s interconnec ted ecosystem is geared towards adopting new digital
Ron Beck Energy Industr y Direc tor AspenTech
technologies to improve asset-heav y businesses. Successful digital transformation is adopting a combination of new and existing technologies, targeted at LNG and upstream assets. Companies willing to utilize real-time operational data, advanced analytics (enabled by
Sunil Patil
machine learning); multivariate analysis and rich process knowledge will
Business Consulting Direc tor
be industry leaders of tomorrow. The following examples show how asset
AspenTech
optimization can help LNG companies achieve operational excellence: Offshore World | 31 | October-November 2018
www.oswindia.com
www.oswindia.com
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FEATURES
Polymer-based Solutions for Progressive Riser Technology Using advanced polymer material technology, Trelleborg’s offshore operation provides high integrity solutions for the harshest and most demanding offshore environments. The company specializes in the development and production of polymer and syntactic foam based seismic, marine, buoyancy, cable protection and thermal insulation products, as well as rubber-based passive and active fire protection solutions for the offshore industry.
T
he oil and gas industry is renowned for continuously pushing the limits. The exploration of offshore oil and gas continues to move into deeper waters and the demands for drilling operations to perform faster and more effectively to provide higher cost savings and safe well completions, have grown. Adding to this challenge is the requirement to extract more oil and gas than ever before and exploit ever harsher reservoir environments in new locations around the world. With these challenges in mind, we look at why next-generation corrosion-free, polymer-based solutions can be the vital element to ensuring the protection of people, structures and equipment on offshore risers from surface to seafloor. Exceeding Expectations Although technology has advanced to better address the ever-changing needs of the offshore environment, customers still require superior, costeffective solutions with an increased focus on onboard safety and extended service life; increasing to up to 40 years from 20 years. For both of these focus areas, choosing the most appropriate material is imperative and not surprisingly, polymer materials are becoming a more popular choice within the offshore industry. Polymer-based materials such as rubber and polyurethane are naturally flexible and very durable. Compared to alternative materials, such as steel, ceramic wool or fiberglass, polymerbased materials can withstand greater temperature extremes, weather conditions, and vessel movements while offering an exceptionally high
durability. It is a diverse group of materials that can perform at every level to damp, seal and protect, and most of all has an extremely long lifespan. Safety for Challenging Environments It is no surprise that onboard safety is a key priority for the offshore riser platforms, but this is becoming progressively difficult in increasingly challenging environments as installations move further offshore. Advanced fire protection systems are critical to ensuring onboard safety, whether it is the platform’s surface protection, an onboard deluge system or coating for the pipes and flanges for example. The performance of these systems is essential for the safety of personnel, asset protection and preventing fire escalation. So, in the offshore oil and gas sector where the risk of uncontrolled, rapid fire spread is greater than most, firestop solutions need to provide full assurance to the onboard team that they will not fail to protect against fire. If damage is caused, costly shutdowns and repairs would be required and in the worst-case scenario, the platform may fail altogether. The harsh offshore weather environment causes metal products and components to be susceptible to rust and corrosion, which is detrimental to the performance and function of the platform. Additionally, ceramic wool and similar materials used for fire protection will become less effective when wet. These less than optimal solutions simply are not an option when protecting people, structures, and equipment. Passive Fire Protection Passive fire protection solutions are available in a series of materials and products to protect personnel, equipment, critical components and structures, and to assist emergency response activity by buying time to gain control of the fire and evacuate the area. With proven engineering and manufacturing techniques for protection of all kind of fires, from cellulose to hydrocarbon and jet fire, rubber materials, which are built-up with layers that meet corrosion, thermal, fire, and mechanical protection requirements, protect structures from exceeding temperature limits. Rubber has the unique
Offshore World | 33 | October-November 2018
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FEATURES
capability of withstanding weather conditions, vessel movements, providing ease of inspection and fire protection over the life of a project, which could extend over 40 years.
nature of rubber-based materials protects equipment from vibration, collisions, explosions and earthquakes. Topside Applications
Throughout the fire exposure period, it is key that any fire protection specified for use on an offshore facilit y provides the required fire protection and integrity; protecting areas between modules and decks to prevent the spread of flames and hot fumes. The critical temperature on the surface of a component is project specific information, with typical values of +392 °F to +752 °F. Similarly, in accordance with the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the generation of smoke and non-toxic fumes must remain low. Additionally, the dampening, noise reducing, flexible
Laydown Decks The platform laydown deck areas are susceptible to regular impact and abrasion due to containers being loaded onto the platform, as well as to the harsh offshore elements. Before fire protection is considered, the deck should be protected against chemical and mechanical conditions and ensure that it is resistant to fatigue. A flexible decking material capable of withstanding these conditions is an ideal solution. Rubber provides the corrosion protection in addition to environmental and impact protection, while maintaining the required fire protection rating. Surface tiling should feature insulation to isolate fire temperatures from areas below and should also ensure a non-slip surface for worker safety. The flexibility of a rubber-based tile means that it can take up movement in any direction, reducing the likelihood of cracking. Similarly, as tiles are regularly exposed to the sun, it ensures UV and ozone protection, so that surface is not damaged over time. Flanges Considered as one of the weakest areas of any platform or refinery, fire protection for nuts and bolts used in flanges should be considered. Typical fire protection covers the complete flange with a housing, not allowing for easy inspection of the units. By using a molded rubber-based material on just the flange nuts, the stud bolts are protected from elongating and
www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 34 | October-November 2018
FEATURES
the flange from breaking the seal during a fire. Installation is simplified, lowering installation times, regular inspection is facilitated, and overall weight is lowered. Fire Deluge Systems With a large number of aging platforms and rigs currently in operation and the threat of critical failure looming, onboard deluge systems this one
application in particular where benefits from flexible fire protection will help reduce fire risks and potential downtime or closure. By choosing a flexible, rubber-based material, these deluge systems are non-corroding and can withstand jet fires with a heat flux of 390kW/m2, temperatures above +2552 °F. Extending Service Life though Corrosion Protection One of the most effective methods of extending the service life of a riser is to protect it from corrosion, particularly in the highly corrosive splash zone region. The splash zone is the area immediately above and below the water’s surface and is a major corrosion concern for offshore installations. As the water level rises and falls the metal surfaces of the riser are alternately becoming wet and dry, which causes the metal to corrode when the saline water is exposed to oxygen. External surfaces exposed in the splash zone should be protected with special corrosion protection systems. Rubber-based coating on risers as a form of corrosion protection is an extremely popular solution and is widely recognized in the offshore industry as the most effective method of riser corrosion protection particularly in the highly corrosive splash zone region. When selecting a corrosion coating for a riser, manufacturers should ensure that the supplier they select can fully customize the coating material to meet the specific project needs. Most rubber-based solutions can incorporate a range of protective qualities such as anti-fouling to inhibit marine growth. Additionally, rubber-based corrosion protection solutions are resistant to
Offshore World | 35 | October-November 2018
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FEATURES
abrasion, chemicals, wear, blast, impact, jet fire, ozone, UV and salt water. An important feature of any riser corrosion coating is the fact that the coating is chemically bonded to the metal surface or substrate permanently and will not crack or disbond. As a material specifically engineered to protect against sea and weather conditions, rubber corrosion coatings will guard against corrosion for the lifetime of the riser. In addition to the splash zone, rubber-based riser corrosion protection can be applied to as a robust rubber lining for any exposed steel components located on a riser. Riser Protection Surface to Seafloor The drill riser provides a conduit for the drill string and drilling fluids from the ocean floor to the rig. A drilling riser typically has a large diameter, lowpressure main tube with external auxiliary lines that include high-pressure choke and kill lines for circulating fluid. All of these lines need to be protected during handling, storage, deployment, retrieval and drilling operations. Some of the most trusted protection systems for bare riser joints include polymer-based protection covers. These protection covers are manufactured
from polyurethane or polypropylene and are specifically designed to protect the drilling riser from impact damage when running or retrieving through the drill floor and moon pool area or during handling operations in the riser storage bay. Drilling risers, which can reach lengths of 10,000 feet or more and weigh millions of pounds must be kept in tension to ensure safe operation of the equipment. In order to reduce the requirement on vessel tensioning systems to a more manageable level, discrete buoyancy units can be fitted along the length of the riser to reduce the weight of riser joints in water. These buoyancy units are made out of a polymer-based foam that not only reduces the weight of the riser string to a manageable amount but also protects the riser and auxiliary lines from impact and abrasion subsea. Taking protection to the next level, a newly designed and tested helically grooved buoyancy option is available on the market that not only optimizes uplift, it also effectively eliminates riser motions and higher levels of drag in onerous offshore current environments compared to traditional riser buoyancy. The new multi-functional solution integrates the technology to suppress vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and reduce drag into riser buoyancy equipment during manufacturing, essentially eliminating the requirement of ancillary suppression equipment, alleviating complicated and time intensive riser running and retrieval procedures. Similarly, buoyancy technology is used to offset tension loads on deep water umbilicals and risers for floating production systems. Distributed Buoyancy Modules are used to reduce the top tension loads by providing uplift to sections of the riser to generate pre-defined configurations that allow the vessel a full range of surface movement without putting undue stress on subsea lines. These configurations include “Lazy Wave”, “Steep Wave”, “Lazy-S”, “Steep-S”, and “Pliant Wave”. Evolving Riser Technology for the Future As complicated exploration and production activities target more challenging reservoirs, an evolution of current riser technology will be required to ensure
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Offshore World | 36 | October-November 2018
FEATURES
continued safe and cost-effective operations. Advanced engineering analysis and simulation design tools provide the ability to effectively develop new riser equipment technologies considering the real world environmental and operational challenges they will be required to perform under. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis studies provide the means for exploring optimized equipment designs with consideration of minimizing hydrodynamic loading. Riser technology can be successfully designed to be multifunctional, suppressing VIV and reducing drag simultaneously while performing its primary protection and buoyancy roles. Local and global Finite Element Analysis (FEA) allows for equipment to be designed smarter, minimizing required size and material while optimizing loading paths, performance, and design lives. Employing these advanced engineering tools will help advance riser technology moving into the future to expand and extend the capabilities of the industry.
will be increased. In the harsh offshore oil and gas industry, operators need the assurance of a material that delivers proven performance, without fail. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to ensure that they can provide high performance and reliable solutions, now more than ever. Similarly, operators should look to work with manufacturers who can provide the most advanced solutions which will guarantee performance and importantly, safety.
Conclusion While deep-water drilling and production has been revolutionized by increasingly advanced technology in recent years, making high performance and dependable solutions has never been more important. This is because the requirement for equipment to operate safely and effectively while providing peace of mind is becoming more challenging in these demanding and dangerous environments. By installing effective and reliable polymer riser protection systems, the safety of hydrocarbons transportation installations Offshore World | 37 | October-November 2018
Collin Gask ill Produc t D evelopment Engineer Trelleborg Offshore Email: Collin.Gaskill@Trelleborg.com Patrick Waal Head of Sales Trelleborg Offshore Email: Patrick.Wall@Trelleborg.com www.oswindia.com
MARKETING INITIATIVE
FLOW SOLUTIONS TO FIT YOUR APPLICATIONS IN WATER & WASTEWATER
A
ccurate, reliable liquid flow measurement is essential to the cost- effec tive operation of municipal water and wastewater treatment systems. From water storage to transmission lines to raw water treatment to wastewater treatment, there is a McCrometer great plains flow meter solution. Mag Flow Meters Ultra Mag, FPI Mag and SPI Mag (Single Point Inser tion) flow meters are designed for use in municipal water environments. They operate over a wide flow range with no moving par ts to wear. Ultra Mag (Industrial or Municipal Magnetic Flow Meter) The Ultra Mag is an advanced, leading-edge magmeter. The field-proven electromagnetic flow meter was designed for the specific needs of the industrial and water and wastewater industries. The mag flow meter’s unique NSF-approved UltraLiner provides superior electrical insulation as well as excellent protection against corrosion and abrasion. Non-invasive sensing (non-clogging) flow element Superior durability with fusion-bonded epoxy Ultraliner (certified by NSF) Custom-built to fit your application (special lay lengths and flanged end connections) Applications It finds application on agricultural and turf irrigation; metals and mining; power, process and facility control; pulp, paper and wood; water and wastewater. FPI Mag (Industrial and Municipal Mag Meter) The FPI Mag the nex t generation Mag flow meter from McCrometer has 0.5% accuracy, i n s t a l l s w i t h o u t c u t t i n g p i p e, we l d i n g flanges, de -watering lines or interrupting ser vice; dramatically reducing installation time and costs, including heavy equipment and added labour by up to 45% over traditional full pipe flow meter installation. The FPI Mag flow meter is a versatile inser tion Mag meter which is an affordable alternative to full-bore meters and ultrasonic flow meters. This unique, patented hot tap flow meter is an excellent choice when your project needs measurement on any one or more of the following: www.oswindia.com
Easy hot tap installation without interrupting service Multi-electrode sensor delivers accurate total flow profile rivaling the performance of a full-bore meter Economical solution for medium and large line sizes reducing total installed cost by more than 45%, Filter balancing and backwash, Pumping station flow meter Wells and booster stations, Wastewater influent Drinking water, PC water cooling, UV dosing, Non-revenue water. Applications It finds application in municipal water and wastewater, water, wastewater, cooling water, fire water, feed water, raw water, inlet to surge basin, and effluent. SPI Mag (Municipal or Industrial Flow Solutions) The SPI Mag insertion flow meter provides a highly cost-effective solution for the accurate measurement of liquid flow in closed-conduit, pressurized pipe applications. Unlike conventional magnetic meters, the SPI Mag’s cost is independent of pipe size. Ideal for Clean or D ir ty Water Flow Measurement Ve l o c i t y a n d p i p e d i a i n f o r m a t i o n a re utilized by the SPI Mag to determine flow over wide flow ranges with a high degree of accuracy. The SPI Mag reliably measures flow in water and waste water as well as any type of industrial flow processes involving conductive fluids such as potable water, slurries, sludge, cooling water and pulp stock. The SPI Mag insertion flow meter provides a highly cost-effective solution for the accurate measurement of liquid flow in closed conduit, pressurized pipe applications. The SPI measures forward flow only and are suitable for line sizes from 2 to 96 inches. The SPI can be easily relocated to various line sizes. The SPI Mag is suitable for municipal water and wastewater applications including wastewater effluent, waste activated sludge (WAS), return activated sludge (RAS) and reclaim/recycle. Proven electromagnetic technology based on Faraday’s Law Debris shedding self cleaning sensor eliminates fouling and costly maintenance Cost is independent of line size Easy hot tap installation - no interruption of flow process
Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267 Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai 600 010 Tel: 044-26445626, 26448983 E-mail: sales@toshniwal.net Website: www.toshniwal.net
Offshore World | 38 | October-November 2018
V
isual level indicators combine up to three functions in one instrument: level indicator, level switch and level transmitter. The display that can be read even over large distances works without energy and automatically as a result of the physical law of liquids in communicating vessels. The WEKA visual level indicators are characterized by their compact design and the wide range of applications. Wide Application Range Operating pressures can range from a vacuum up to 500 bar as well as calculation pressures for the float standpipe up to the nominal pressure PN 630. Liquid densities >0.27 g/cm3 as well as a temperature range from 77 K
to 673 K (-196°C to 400°C) allow use in applications for cryogenic liquid gases as well as in water hydraulics and steam boilers. Hermetically sealed floats for condensing media are available up to a max operating pressure of 320 bar. Flexibility through Choice of Suitable Materials • •
Standard materials: 316/316L 1.4435/1.4404, Group A4 Stainless Austenitic Steel. Other possible Stainless Austenitic Steels 304/304L 1.4301/1.4306, 1.4571, 321, 1.4541.
Energy-free, Automatic Operation The WEKA visual level indicator is ideal for the commissioning of systems. The display works without energy and automatically as a result of the physical law of liquids in communicating vessels. Independent of a controller - and thus also independent in the event of a power supply failure - visual level indication on site is ensured. Excellent Readability The wide red- and silver-colored flag indicator system is easily and clearly readable even from over large distances. The fully transparent flag indicator system made of polycarbonate (PC) also ensures readability from the side. The liquids, which are not always unproblematic and sometimes also hazardous, are safely enclosed in the dense and pressure-tight float standpipe and separated from the indicator. Level Measurement As described, WEKA visual level indicators offer the ideal solution for almost all operating conditions. For most applications, you will find a suitable device from Toshniwal’s standard program. Again and again, however, customized solutions are also required for special operating conditions. Many designs can, eg, also be used in hazardous areas according to ATEX or IECEx (ATEX is a widely used synonym for the ATEX guidelines of the European Union). The designation ATEX is derived from the French abbreviation for atmosphere explosibles. Toshniwal’s instruments can thus also be used in potentially explosive atmospheres. It finds application in explosion-proof plants; mechanical and plant engineering; water management; ship-building; energy; space and research.
Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267 Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai 600 010 Tel: 044-26445626, 26448983 E-mail: sales@toshniwal.net Website: www.toshniwal.net Offshore World | 39 | October-November 2018
www.oswindia.com
MARKETING INITIATIVE
VISUAL LEVEL INDICTORS
NEWS
PRESS RELEASES SATAT Initiative Launched to Promote Compressed Bio-Gas as an Alternative, Green Transport Fuel New Delhi: Dharmendra Pradhan, Union Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Govt of India, has launched an innovative initiative with PSU Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) inviting Expression of Interest (EoI) from potential entrepreneurs to set up Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) production plants and make available CBG in the market for use in automotive fuels. The EoI are available on the websites of the OMCs and can be filled from 1 st October, 2018 to 31 st March, 2019. Speaking on the occasion, the Petroleum Minister said that the Swachhta fortnight is being observed throughout the country, and this is a significant move in this direction. He said that the Gas is clean and cheaper mode of fuel and the Government has taken several steps to promote its production and usage. Pradhan said that the Government is keen to set up 5000 CBG plants in next 5 years, and for this purpose, production offtake guarantee is being given for such plants. There will be no restriction on the technology choice and Government is incurring ` 75,000 Crore capital expenditure for setting up infrastructure for City Gas distribution network. Besides the potential to boost availability of more affordable transport fuels, better use of agricultural residue, cattle dung and municipal solid waste, the CBG plants will provide an additional revenue source to farmers, and 75,000 direct job opportunities and lakhs of indirect jobs. He said that not only OMCs, but also other Gas distribution companies and other concerned departments should also take part in it. The Minister said that currently 42 lakh households are getting PNG supply, and there is a commitment to cover 2 crore households in 300 districts by the suppliers after the implementation of 9th round of CGD bids.
India, Myanmar to Straighten Bilateral Engagement in Hydrocarbon Sector New Delhi: Dharmendra Pradhan, Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Govt of India and his counterpart U Win Khaing, Union Minister for Construction, Electricity and Energy, Myanmar, met on the have discussed issues of bilateral engagement in the hydrocarbon sector. The Myanmar Minister is on an official visit to India to attend the first General Assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA). In the Upstream sector, they discussed the current and future investments by Indian companies in Myanmar. Presently, ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL) and GAIL have invested in gas producing blocks in Myanmar. OVL also has stakes in exploratory blocks in Myanmar. Indian companies IOCL, NRL and HPCL are exporting petroleum products, lubricants and paraffin wax to Myanmar. The hydrocarbon engagement between the two sides has been steadily strengthening. Indian PSU companies have invested over USD 1 billion in the upstream and midstream sectors in Myanmar. Pradhan shared Indian interest to participate in midstream and downstream sectors in Myanmar, including setting up a refinery, storage, distribution and www.oswindia.com
marketing of petroleum products in Myanmar. He also extended proposals to assist Myanmar in training and capacity building in hydrocarbon sector. This was the second visit of Myanmar Minister to India. During his last visit he had visited Panipat refinery of IOCL. Pradhan noted that Myanmar is an important element of India’s ‘Act East Policy’ and also the friendship bridge to ASEAN countries. Both Ministers expressed their keenness to work towards further strengthening the bilateral engagements in the hydrocarbon sector and make it one of the important areas of bilateral cooperation between both the countries.
Second Generation (2G) Ethanol Bio-refinery to come up in Odisha Bhubaneswar: The foundation stone for Second Generation (2G) Ethanol Bio-refinery of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited being set up at Baulasingha village, Bhatli Tehsil, Bargarh district, Odisha has laid by Governor of Odisha Professor Ganeshi Lal. The Bio-refinery, the first of its kind to be set up, will have a capacity to produce three crore litres of fuel grade Ethanol annually using Rice straw as the feedstock. Ethanol produced from this plant will be blended with Petrol. The cost of the project is around ` 100 Crore. Biofuels have assumed importance recently due to the growing energy security needs and environmental concerns. Several countries have put forth different mechanism and incentives to encourage production and use of biofuels to suit their domestic requirements. Indi has surplus biomass availability of about 120-160 MMT annually which if converted, has the potential to yield 3000 crore litres of ethanol. The National Biofuel Policy of India 2018 targets 20 per cent Ethanol blending to Petrol by year 2030. However, due to non-availability of Ethanol, the current Ethanol blending in Petrol is about 3 to 4 per cent. Setting up of 2G Ethanol plants will help achieve the target of Ethanol blending in Petrol. The Bargarh Bio-Refinery will utilize about two lakh tonnes of Rice straw annually as feedstock which will be sourced from nearby locations like Bhati, Ambabhona, Sohela, Burla, Lakhanpur, etc. The Bio-Refineries will contribute to cleaner environment due to usage of waste Rice straw for Ethanol production thereby reducing waste straw burning in fields. Blending of Ethanol in Petrol will reduce Green House Gas emissions as compared to fossil fuels. The plant is based on Zero-liquid discharge plant technology where all water will be recycled back into the plant. In addition to cleaner environment, the project will also help improve the socio-economic conditions of the farmers due to additional income from sale of Rice straw to the bio-refinery. Also, this will generate employment for appx 1200 persons (both direct and indirect) during construction, operation of plant and supply chain management of biomass. This will boost the infrastructural development in the area and overall improvement in livelihood of people. Further, blending of ethanol enhances self-sufficiency of the Nation by reducing oil imports, thereby saving foreign exchange.
Offshore World | 40 | October-November 2018
India Joins as Member of Advanced Motor Fuels Technology Collaboration Programme under IEA
Bengaluru: Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd (ISPRL) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Abu Dhabi with the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) to explore the possibility of storing ADNOC crude oil at ISPRL’s underground oil storage facility at Padur in Karnataka, which has a 2.5 million tonne capacity. Under the MoU, ADNOC is expected to store crude in compartments at Padur.
New Delhi: The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been apprised of India joining as Member of Advanced Motor Fuels Technology Collaboration Programme (AMF TCP) under International Energy Agency (IEA) on 9th May, 2018. AMF TCP works under the framework of International Energy Agency (IEA) to which India has “Association” status since 30thMarch, 2017.
The MoU with ISPRL, an Indian government-owned company mandated to store crude oil for emergency needs, follows the arrival, on November 4, of the final shipment of the initial delivery of ADNOC crude to be stored in another ISPRL underground facility at Mangalore, also in Karnataka, which will store 5.86 million barrels of ADNOC crude oil. The MoU was signed by Abdulla Salem Al Dhaheri, Director of Marketing, Sales and Trading at ADNOC and Mr. HPS Ahuja CEO & MD ISPRL on the sidelines of the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference (ADIPEC). The signing was witnessed by H.E. Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, UAE Minister of State and ADNOC Group CEO, and Dharmendra Pradhan, Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India. On the occasion, H.E. Dr Al Jaber said “India is an important oil market and this agreement underscores the strategic energy partnership between the UAE and India that leverages the UAE and ADNOC’s expertise and oil resources. It is our firm hope that we will be able to convert this framework agreement into a new mutually beneficial partnership that will create opportunities for ADNOC to increase deliveries of high quality crude oil to India’s expanding energy market and helping India meets its growing energy demand and safeguard its energy security.” ADNOC is the only foreign oil and gas company, so far, to invest by way of crude oil in India’s strategic petroleum reserves program. Pradhan said “This Memorandum of Understanding will allow ISPRL to explore, with ADNOC, opportunities related to the possible storage of ADNOC crude at Padur, which would help to significantly strengthen the country’s strategic petroleum reserves. This agreement reflects the strong bonds of cooperation between India and the UAE and provides a foundation for strengthening and expanding our strategic energy relationship.” ISPRL has already built 5.33 million tonnes of underground storage capacity at three locations - Visakhapatnam (1.33 million tonnes), Mangalore (1.5 million tonnes) and Padur (2.5 million tonnes), that can meet around 9.5 days of the country’s oil needs as per consumption data of last financial year. The government of India, in June 2018, announced the creation of two new reserves, a 4 million tonnes storage facility at Chandikhol in the eastern state of Odisha and an additional 2.5 million-tonne facility at Padur. The existing and newly announced strategic reserve facilities put together will provide around 21 days of emergency coverage for India’s crude oil requirements.
The primary goal of joining AMF TCP by Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG) is to facilitate the market introduction of Advanced motor fuels/ Alternate fuels with an aim to bring down emissions and achieve higher fuel efficiency in transport sector. AMF TCP also provides an opportunity for fuel analysis, identifying new/ alternate fuels for deployment in transport sector and allied R&D activities for reduction in emissions in fuel intensive sectors. The R&D work in AMF TCP is carried out within individual projects called “Annex”. Over the years, more than 50 Annexes have been initiated in AMF TCP and a number of fuels have been covered in previous Annexes such as reformulatedfuels (gasoline & diesel), biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel etc.), synthetic fuels (methanol, Fischer- Tropsch, DME etc.) and gaseous fuels. R&D Institutions of Public sector Oil Marketing companies and Automobile Testing Agencies such as ARAI, CIRT, ICAT etc. have State-of-the-art facilities and resources will also be a contributor to the Annex(s) participated by MoP&NG. Prime Minister at UrjaSangam, 2015 had directed to reduce the import in energy sector by at least 10% by 2022. Subsequently, MoP&NG has come up with a detailed action plan wherein Biofuels, Advanced/ alternate fuels and fuel efficiency play a major role. Association with AMF TCP will help MoP&NG in furthering its efforts in identification & deployment of suitable fuels for transport sector in respect of higher efficiency and lesser emissions. Government of India has recently notified National Policy on Biofuels-2018 which focusses on giving impetus to R&D in field of advanced biofuels such as 2G Ethanol, Bio-CNG, biomethanol, Drop-in fuels, DME etc. These advanced fuels can be produced from various kind of wastes such as crop residues, Municipal solid waste, Industrial waste, waste gases, Food waste, plastic etc. Though some of these advanced biofuels have successfully been deployed in few countries, India is still awaiting its deployment in transport sector. These advanced fuels are presently in their early stages of development in our Country and necessitate extensive R&D for making these fuels a viable option for meeting our energy needs. Association with AMF will help MoP&NG in identifying advanced biofuels suitable for deployment in transport sector in near future. In such cases, experience of member countries in deploying advanced biofuels will be an additional benefit for MoP&NG. The benefits of participation in AMF TCP are shared costs and pooled technical resources. The duplication of efforts is avoided and national Research and Development capabilities are strengthened. There is an information exchange about best practices, network of researchers and linking research with practical implementation. After becoming member, India will initiate R&D in other areas of its interest in advanced biofuels and other motor fuels in view of their crucial role in substituting fossil fuel imports.
Offshore World | 41 | October-November 2018
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NEWS
ISPRL, ADNOC Sign MoU to Explore Storage of Crude Oil at Padur
NEWS
Contracts Signed under OALP Bid Round-I New Delhi: Government of India has signed the contracts of the blocks awarded under the Open Acreage Licensing Programme (OALP) Bid Round-I. The event was presided by Dharmendra Pradhan, Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas & Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, along with Dr MM Kutty, Secretary (P&NG), Dr VP Joy, Director General - Directorate General of Hydrocarbons and other senior officials of the Ministry. Initially, 110 e-bids were received for 55 blocks on offer with participation from 9 companies, singly or in consortium. Finally, contracts have been signed for all 55 blocks with 6 companies. The details of the contract areas signed is placed at Annexure 1.This will add a huge accretion of 59,282 sq.km to the exploration area. This is about 65 per cent of the area presently under exploration in the country. This will lead to significant increase in E&P activities in India and in long run discoveries from these field may significantly boost domestic production. The bid round-I of OALP was launched in January 2018 under the liberalized Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP). It is for the first time that bidding in the E&P sector in India was for blocks that had been selected by bidders themselves with government playing a facilitator role. The OALP bid round-I has received overwhelming enthusiasm from various stakeholders of E&P industry, with all 55 blocks on offer receiving bids and being awarded. Pradhan congratulated the awardees and assured them of complete support and assistance from the Government. He reiterated the relentless efforts of the government to enhance domestic hydrocarbon production by putting forth new policy initiatives and new offers so that the true potential of Indian sedimentary basins is realized. The Minister said that the Companies have committed investment of about Rs 6000 Crore for exploring under this round. He said there is huge potential in these reserves and their exploration will positively impact the Indian economy. He said that the Government is working in a transparent manner, and policies are being made, after extensive consultation with all stakeholders. Pradhan said that Minimum Government-Maximum Governance is not only a slogan for us, but a guiding principle. He said that India has already become third largest energy consumer in the world and the Government is committed to provide affordable energy to its citizens, and for this purpose, several initiatives have been taken to enhance the production of hydrocarbons.
PM Lays Foundation Stones of 9th CGD Bidding Round New Delhi: Narendra Modi, Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, has laid the Foundation Stones of City Gas Distribution (CGD) Projects in 65 Geographical Areas (GAs) in 129 Districts under the 9th CGD Bidding Round. He also launched 10th CGD Bidding Round in 50 GAs spread over 124 districts in 14 states. Speaking on the occasion, the Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Dharmendra Pradhan said that the Government is working to move towards the gas-based economy. Presently the share of gas in the country’s energy mix is just over 6 per cent and the aim is to reach the 15% figure, while the world average is 24 per cent He said the Prime Minister has assured the world that India will take initiative to bring down its carbon emission level, and a number of initiatives have been taken in this direction like LED bulbs, BS VI fuel, Bio-energy, International Solar Alliance, www.oswindia.com
Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana, and providing clean piped gas supply to more cities is also a step in this direction. The Minister also mentioned about enhancing the LNG terminal capacity, renegotiating Indo-Qatar Gas deal, and positive IndoUS engagement in this direction. He said that efforts are not only being made to increase the use and supply of Gas, but also to produce gas through agro-wastes and other products and including the same into the CGD network. Government of India has put thrust to promote the usage of environment friendly clean fuel i.e. natural gas as a fuel/feedstock across the country to move towards a gas based economy. Accordingly, development of CGD networks has been focused to increase the availability of cleaner cooking fuel (i.e. PNG) and transportation fuel (i.e. CNG) to the citizens of the country. The expansion of CGD network will also benefit to industrial and commercial units by ensuring the uninterrupted supply of natural gas. Till September 2018, 96 cities/Districts in different parts of the country were covered for development of CGD networks. About 46.5 lakh households and 32 lakh CNG vehicles are availing the benefit of clean fuel through existing CGD networks. To boost the expansion of PNG/CNG network, PNGRB launched 9th CGD bidding round in April, 2018 for 86 Geographical Areas (GAs) covering 174 districts in 22 States/ Union Territories. Subsequent to processing of received bids, grants of authorization have been issued to the successful bidders to develop CGD network for 84 GAs at present. As per commitment made by various entities in this bidding round, around 2 crore PNG (Domestic) connections and 4600 CNG stations are expected to be installed in next 8 years across the country. This has expanded the potential coverage of CGDs to about 50 per cent of country’s population spreading over 35% of India’s area. Various pre-project activities for these GAs have already commenced and efforts are being made to commence the physical works at the site. In addition, PNGRB has also initiated the process of 10th CGD bidding round for additional 50 new GAs covering 124 districts in 14 States to increase the potential coverage to about 53% of the country’s area covering 70 per cent of country’s population.
Cabinet Approves Filling of Padur Strategic Petroleum Reserves New Delhi: The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the filling of Padur Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) at Padur, Karnataka by overseas National Oil Companies (NOCs). The SPR facility at Padur is an underground rock cavern with a total capacity of 2.5 million metric tonnes (MMT) having four compartments of 0.625 MMT each. The filling of the SPR under PPP model is being undertaken to reduce budgetary support of Government of India. The Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd. (ISPRL) has constructed and commissioned underground rock caverns for storage of total 5.33 MMT of crude oil at three locations namely Vishakhapatnam (1.33 MMT), Mangalore (1.5 MMT) and Padur (2.5 MMT). The total 5.33 MMT capacity under Phase-I of the SPR programme is currently estimated to supply approximately 9.5 days of India’s crude requirement according to the consumption data for FY 2017-18. Government has given ‘in principle’ approval in June 2018 for establishing additional 6.5 MMT SPR facilities at Chandikhol in Odisha and Padur in Karnataka, which is expected to augment India’s energy security by 11.5 days according the consumption data for FY 2017-18.
Offshore World | 42 | October-November 2018
PRODUCTS Standard Pressure Gauges
Foot Valves
Adarsh Industries offers standard pressure gauges (MM Series) in mild steel (MS) case and brass working parts; dial sizes: 40, 50, 63, 100, 150 and 250 mm; bottom direct, bottom surface, back direct, back panel, back clamp mounting. Standard gauges are suitable for general purpose applications for gas and liquid media which do not corrode brass and having an environment which is not harsh to MS case. It is commonly used on equipment like pumps,
CRI energy-efficient frictionless foot valves and reflux valves are basically swing type non-return valves. Foot valves are available in screwed type construction and reflux valves have threaded portions at both the ends. They are specially designed to give an unrestricted smooth flow of water and thus to reduce the frictional losses to a minimum. The CRI frictionless foot valve has 'K' value less than 0.8 and 'K' value for reflux valves are less than 0.5. Thereby it reduces additional load on prime mover and also gives more discharge. Foot valve is placed at the lower end of the suction pipe of a centrifugal end suction pumpset to retain water in the pumpset casing and suction pipe to keep the pumpset always in prime condition.
compressors, boilers, pneumatic and hydraulic machines, etc. For details contact: Adarsh Industries 307 Shankala Indl Estate, Gogatewadi, Off Aarey Road Goregaon (E), Mumbai 400 063 Tel: 022-29275496 Fax: 91-022-29275558 E-mail: sales@adarshpressuregauge.com
For details contact: CRI Pumps Pvt Ltd 7/46-1 Keeranatham Road , Saravanampatty Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 035 Tel: 0422-3027000, Fax: 91-0422-3027005 E-mail: corp@cripumps.com
TwinCAT IoT Communicator The TwinCAT IoT Communicator makes it easy for PLCs to communicate with mobile devices by connecting the TwinCAT controller directly and securely to a messaging service through TLS encryption. For smartphone and tablet users, the associated IoT Communicator App ensures that process data can be represented on all mobile devices in a clear overview. Alarms are sent to the device as push messages. The TwinCAT 3 IoT Communicator exchanges data using a publish/subscribe mechanism. Since no special firewall settings are needed, integration into an existing IT network is easy. Information is exchanged via a message broker that uses the standardised MQTT protocol and acts as a central messaging service in a cloud or local network. A high level of communication security is guaranteed by proven TLS encryption (up to Version 1.2). Transmitted process data can be displayed on mobile devices using the IoT Communicator App, which is available for both Android and iOS operating systems. The IoT Communicator App also incorporates an integrated QR code scanner to facilitate entry of access data for communication between the broker and individual users. The TwinCAT IoT Communicator simplifies the transmission of push messages. It offers a number of advantages over conventional e-mail and SMS messages by visualizing live data, variables and status values. This makes the IoT Communicator an ideal addition to the related TwinCAT IoT and TwinCAT Analytics software products. For details contact: BECKHOFF Automation Pvt Ltd Suite 4, Level 6, Muttha Towers Don Bosco Marg, Yerwada Pune, Maharashtra 411 006 Tel: 020-40004802 Fax: 91-020-40004999 E-mail: a.phatak@beckhoff.com Offshore World | 43 | October-November 2018
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PRODUCTS Air Valves
Gas Filled Thermometer Normally in horizontal pipeline, due to unevenness
Gas filled thermometers ZG Series
in ground level, there will be an entry of air into
have nitrogen as filling media. This
the pipeline. CRI air valve is connected with
makes it possible to use it for hygienic
delivery pipeline to eliminate the trapped air in
applications also. They are available in
the system and ensures pipe life.
dial sizes 4", 6", 8" and 10" and as both Rigid Stem Type and Capillary Type. It ranges from -50 to max 600 oC.
For details contact: CRI Pumps Pvt Ltd 7/46-1 Keeranatham Road Saravanampatty Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 035 Tel: 0422-3027000 Fax: 91-0422-3027005 E-mail: corp@cripumps.com
For details contact: Adarsh Industries 307 Shankala Indl Estate Gogatewadi, Off Aarey Road Goregaon (E) Mumbai 400 063 Tel: 022-29275496 Fax: 91-022-29275558 E-mail: sales@adarshpressuregauge.com
Wet Gas Metering With V-Cone Meters With the industrial requirement to meter wet gas flows increasing worldwide McCrometer has tested the performance of the single phase V-Cone meter (a differential pressure (DP) type meter) in wet gas flows in both the NEL and CEESI wet gas loops. These tests have shown how the V-Cone meter responds to different amounts of liquid entrained in a gas flow and have enabled correction factors to be developed. In order to discuss the V-Cone meter performance with wet gas flows, a brief discussion of the meter in dry gas is first given. The V-Cone meter is a differential pressure (DP) type flow meter with a centrally mounted cone pointing upstream, supported by a strut. The upstream pressure is read from a wall tapping and the downstream pressure is read from the centre of the back face of the cone. Photograph shows sketch of the V-Cone meter. The shape and position of the primary element is the only difference between the V-Cone meter and other DP meters. The V-Cone meter is in every way a DP meter (with advantages gained from the choice of a cone as the primary element). Therefore, with single phase flow the generic DP meter equation form is used (with unique V-Cone meter constants) and all secondary instrumentation is similar to any other DP meter. The advantages of using a cone as a DP producing element with single phase flows are low pressure por t, high pressure por t well documented. These include, built in flow conditioning reducing the required upstream lengths to ver y shor t lengths – typically no more than three pipe dia, low total head loss and high turndown achieved for a single DP transmitter. The V-Cone meter has been tested in accordance with API 5.7-Testing Protocol for Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Devices. For single phase flows with calibration the V-Cone meter will give an uncer tainty of 0.5%. For details contact: Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd 267 Kilpauk Garden Road Chennai 600 010 Tel: 044-26445626, 26448983 E-mail: sales@toshniwal.net www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 44 | October-November 2018
PRODUCTS Stepper Motor Module B&R offers new stepper motor module from the X20 Series With the X20SM1436-1 module, B&R has added to its portfolio a new X20 module for direct control of stepper motors. The module can be used to operate stepper motors with operating voltages from 18 to 60 V DC at rated currents up to 2.5 A. In addition, the integrated current reduction function increases performance and reduces energy consumption. With the current reduction function, B&R has integrated sensorless, load-dependent current control, which significantly increases the performance of the module. By regulating the current downwards depending on the operating situation and load, the module allows energy savings of up to 75 per cent. The current reduction function also significantly reduces power dissipation and heat accumulation in the module. At the same time, current control also results in the stepper motor running more smoothly. For self-protection, the stepper motor module has an inrush current limiter and a motor outlet with short circuit and overload protection. The module has four digital 24 V DC inputs. Three of them can be configured as ABR encoder inputs with a counter frequency of 50 kHz for 4x evaluation. In addition, all digital inputs have open circuit monitoring, which increases operational security. To detect slippage, the module has been equipped with stall detection. For details contact: B&R Industrial Automation Pvt Ltd 8 Tara Heights, Mumbai-Pune Road Wakdewadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411 003 Tel: 020-41478-999 Fax: 91-020-41478-998 E-mail: pooja.patil@br-automation.com
Frequency Inverter NORD DRIVESYSTEMS offers an ATEX-compliant, decentralised frequency inverter that not only is economical in operation but also comes in protection class IP 69K. This guarantees the complete sealing of the housing, even for processing applications which require frequent high pressure cleaning. Many applications do not fully utilise the immense scope of functions of modern frequency inverters. To fill the gap which has resulted between simple motor starters and full featured frequency inverters, NORD DRIVESYSTEMS has developed the NORDAC BASE – SK 180E. This compact frequency inverter concentrates on the essential functions for pumps and conveyor technology (PI/speed control, energy saving, communication with peripherals) and results in significant savings. The NORDAC BASE includes power ranges up to 2.2-kW and can be mounted decentralised, outside the switch cabinet (mounting to the wall or on the motor is possible). The inverter is flexible with regard to accessories and function, and a great number of communication interfaces make it compatible with all common bus systems. The drive controller offers high precision control. IP 69K offers ultimate protection against the ingress of dust and jets from high pressure water and stem cleaning. The SK 180E is designed to control synchronous and asynchronous motors. Energy-efficient operation is possible due to its energy saving function for partial load operation: the motor power can be adapted to load changes automatically. The NORDAC BASE comes with an integrated PLC. The intelligent drive electronics reduces the load on the higher level system control unit and allows for a modular plant design. Application data can be evaluated in real time by the decentralised PLC, eg, for the optimisation of diagnostic facilities. The SK 180E can be modified for operation in explosive environments. Depending on the area of application (conductive or non-conductive dust), the modifications also include the replacement of the transparent diagnostic caps with a version made of aluminium and glass. This allows the operation of the frequency inverter directly in a hazardous area (ATEX 22-3D). For details contact: Getriebebau NORD GmbH & Co KG Getriebebau-Nord-StraĂ&#x;e 1 22941 Bargteheide / Hamburg Germany Tel: +49 45 32 / 2 89 -0 Fax: +49 45 32 / 2 89 -22 53 E-mail: pl.muthusekkar@nord.com / Joerg.Niermann@nord.com Offshore World | 45 | October-November 2018
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PRODUCTS Self-priming Delivery Pump Units Pressure B o o st ing Self-priming delivery pump units H ydro -p neu mat ic System consist of external gear pumps which are made from standard materials
machines, paint industry, filter technology, generator construction, cooling
Pressure Boosting Hydro-Pneumatic (HYPN) system is a conventional pumping system converted into an automated pumping system. Kirloskar Brothers Ltd’s (KBL’s) HYPN system is an intelligent water supply solution ideally designed for high-rise buildings and commercial complexes that can serve the changing water demand at constant pressure. A HYPN system maintains a constant temperature and helps eliminate unnecessary functioning of pumps in case of zero flow. Also, the performance of HYPN system is controlled, smooth and facilitates energy and water optimization. KBL’s energy-efficient HYPN system requires low maintenance and its customized configuration and design ensures its long life, making it one of
machine, mechanical engineering, hydraulics, oil processing, tank facility
the most cost-effective pressure-boosting systems globally.
construction, compressors, vacuum plants and machine tools.
For details contact: KSB Pumps Ltd Mumbai Pune Road Pune, Maharashtra 411 018 Tel: 020-27101231, Fax: 91-020-27426000 E-mail: Yagnesh.Buch@ksb.com
0.7050 (housing)/1.8550 (shafts and gears) and FKM (static seals). They are especially suitable for the low-pressure range and can convey almost every low viscosity media as well as uncritical media without fillers, which are compatible to the materials used. The engine power of the 4-pole asynchronous three-phase motor is sufficiently assessed for achieving differential pressures of up to 40 bar. Additionally, delivery pump units are available within a short delivery time, thanks to standardized units. It finds application in filling plants, printing
For details contact: Bedaflow Systems Pvt Ltd W-7, Sector-11 Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 301 E-mail: info@bedaflow.com
Monitoring Physical Parameters OCEASOFT brings a new dimension to solutions for monitoring physical parameters such as temperature, humidity and more. OCEASOFT worked closely with the Fondation Jean-Dausset-CEPH international genetic research center, France, to carry out preliminary testing and develop a product that truly matches user needs. OCEASOFT created its new Cobalt X2 system for monitoring physical parameters to meet major challenges faced by life science professionals, including laboratories, hospitals and pharma companies: 1) Cobalt X2 simplifies daily tasks for users by enabling them to acknowledge alarms directly via the module’s colour touch-screen. Cobalt X2 also serves as a data collector and gateway for OCEASOFT’s wireless sensors, further simplifying installation with automatic connection. 2) Integrating LoRaWAN long-range connectivity, Cobalt X2 modules communicate wirelessly over large sites and inside buildings easily, benefiting from completely automated deployment. Cobalt X2 features distinct sensor channels to support any combination of up to four wired Smart-Sensors (with calibration parameters stored directly on-board) or wireless Bluetooth enabled sensors, giving users a cost-effective way to monitor up to four different pieces of equipment with a single module. 3) Cobalt X2 includes features designed specifically to respect applicable sectorrelated regulations: 21 CFR Part 11, EN 15189, and good practices guidelines (GxP). To ensure optimal service to customers, OCEASOFT has its own sensor calibration laboratory, accredited according to the ISO 17025 standard. For details contact: OCEASOFT 250 Phillips Boulevard E-Wing, NJ 08618 U.S.A. Tel: +1-609-589-1668, +33 (0)4 99 13 67 30 Fax: +1-609-589-1669 E-mail: P.Besson@oceasoft.com www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 46 | October-November 2018
PRODUCTS Industrial Gear Unit Robust, high load capacity and long life – Industrial gear units by NORD DRIVESYSTEMS move agitators, mixers and grinders. Two additional sizes as well as extruder flanges supplement the modular series and provide new solutions for heavy duty applications. MAXXDRIVETM industrial gear units by NORD DRIVESYSTEMS are characterised by high power density, quiet operation, and top reliability. Large rolling bearings ensure extremely high axial and radial load capacities and a long service life. The technological heavyweight drives also offer a modular, flexible design as well as varied mounting options. This makes the robust helical and bevel gear units in one-piece UNICASE housings ideal for a great number of heavy duty applications. On the basis of the industrial gear units, NORD plans complete drive systems for heavy duty operation with motors and drive electronics, for tasks including conveyor technology, pumps and agitators. NORD now extended the successful series of industrial gear units: Two new sizes, 5 and 6, extend the previous range with rated torques of 15 kNm and 20 kNm. Offering a total of 11 sizes, the drive specialist now covers a torque range from 15 to 250 kNm. All options of the previous range are available for the new types as well. In addition, NORD has supplemented sizes 5 to 11 (rated torques from 15 to 80 kNm) of its modular series with extruder flanges. Users benefit from generously dimensioned thrust bearings which easily absorb process forces and ensure a long service life. The “extruder flange” option can be customised to the customer’s shaft and optimally matched to the customer’s demands with several bearing variants. Offering many options for input and output shafts, mounting, seals, and monitoring (temperature, vibration, etc), NORD’s extensive range of industrial gear units provide a high level of flexibility for designing demanding applications. NORD is the industrial gear unit manufacturer with the world's largest industrial gear units in a UNICASE housing. For details contact: Getriebebau NORD GmbH & Co KG Getriebebau-Nord-Straße 1, 22941 Bargteheide/Hamburg, Germany Tel: +49 45 32 / 2 89 -0 Fax: +49 45 32 / 2 89 -22 53 E-mail: pl.muthusekkar@nord.com / Joerg.Niermann@nord.com
Efficient Motors for the Processing Industry Drive systems count as the main consumers of energy in industry and consume up to 70 per cent of the total energy required. NORD DRIVESYSTEMS manufactures energy-saving three-phase motors of classes IE1, IE2, IE3, and IE4. As they offer considerably higher efficiencies than conventional motors, considerable energy savings can be achieved, and operating costs can be reduced. NORD motors offer high performance at low energy consumption. They are robust, efficient and reliable and can be combined with all NORD gear units. In addition, they offer a high power density, high torques and a high overload capacity of up to 300 per cent. Due to their compact design, they also can be easily integrated into confined spaces. NORD motors come with many options and in numerous versions. Due to its hygienic, easily washable surface, the wash-down version, as a smooth motor, is ideally suited for use in the food and beverage industry. NORD smooth motors generate less heat and have a longer operating life than previous normal motors. The IE3/IE4 motors have a significantly extended operating range, which means that no safety reserves or lower safety reserves need to be taken into account for the design of the drive unit. The robust aluminium motor housing has protection class IP 69K and can also be pressure cleaned. As an option, the innovative nsd tupH surface treatment is available. The IE4 synchronous motors are particularly economical. The use of permanent magnets in the rotor makes these motors extremely efficient. Thanks to this technology, this high efficiency remains unchanged, even during partial load operation and at low speeds – ideal for fluctuating loads due to different products or batch sizes. NORD IE4 motors are used throughout the world, particularly in intralogistics (eg, in post distribution centres and airports) as well as in pumps. The NORD product range comprises synchronous motors with powers from 0.75 to 5.5 kW, and asynchronous motors with powers from 0.12 to 55 kW. ATEX versions are also available. For details contact: Getriebebau NORD GmbH & Co KG Getriebebau-Nord-Straße 1, 22941 Bargteheide/Hamburg, Germany Tel: +49 45 32 / 2 89 -0 Fax: +49 45 32 / 2 89 -22 53 E-mail: pl.muthusekkar@nord.com / Joerg.Niermann@nord.com Offshore World | 47 | October-November 2018
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PRODUCTS IntegratedMeasuringPointManager Magnetic Float Switch Monitoring incoming goods and product quality is very important for a lot of processes. These measurements are often done at various stages in the production process. SensoTech’s mobile LiquiSonic Lab system is the perfect solution to get fast, precise and reliable measurements. Additionally, the LiquiSonic Lab System creates detailed datasets every time the user saves a measuring, which simplifies the subsequent analysis tremendously. The controller menu provides an overview of historical data for every measuring point. Deviations, eg, in quality are well comprehensible at any time. These data can be easily transferred to the process control system via ethernet or USB devices. Every recording generates an entry with date, time and the name of the measuring point in the event logbook. Prospective, the LiquiSonic Lab system optionally comes with a scanner for an easier handling. After scanning, eg, a QR code, the controller will automatically switch to the correct measuring point and the measurement can be taken right away. For details contact: SensoTech GmbH
Float switch is an electrical On-Off switch, which operate automatically when the liquid level goes up or down with respect to a specified level. The signal thus available from the float switch can be utilized for automatic control of pump or allied elements like solenoid, lamp, relays, etc. These magnetic float switches are available in a wide range according to operating and mounting methods to suit variety of individual application. These are rugged, accurate and reliable operation. These floats are available in vertical type, Horizontal type in PVC, SS, Nylon material depends on application. MRK Engineers can also supply high temperature application, cable type electrical float as well as other than water like oil, sand, granule, salt, wood, etc. For details contact: MRK Engineers
Tel: +49 39203 514100, Fax: +49 39203 514109
15/1A2, Plot III, Lakshmi Nagar Ramamoorthy Street Moondramkattalai (Post) Chennai 600 128
E-mail: info@sensotech.com
E-mail: ramakrishnan252008@yahoo.com
Steinfeldstr 1, 39179 Magdeburg–Barleben, Germany
Centrifugal Pump NeoMag is a high-performance, magnetically coupled standard centrifugal pump made from SS with a borosilicate canister, the patented BOROHARDCAN. The single-stage, non-self-priming NeoMag pump has been developed based on the latest findings in fluid and hydraulic technology. The installation and replacement are simple thanks to modular design. With the NeoMag pump energy savings of up to 30% are possible, since the BOROHARDCAN consists of an electrically non-conductive material, whereby it does not generate any eddy currents. Hence, the pump as well as the motor and the coupling can be dimensioned smaller than before. This reduces not only the investment costs, but also the subsequent costs during operation. The NeoMag pump technology is hermetically sealed via the magnetic coupling and the canister, and therefore functions absolutely leakage-free and almost wear-free. The NeoMag pump is equipped with a soft start feature, which prevents an unnecessary stress on the aggregate. During the development of the NeoMag, it was possible to increase the hydraulic efficiency by various geometric optimisations, eg, of the impeller, to just over 70%. Such an optimisation offers further energy and cost saving potentials. It finds application in water management, industrial and chemical applications, petro chemistry/mineral oil, process engineering and technology, pharma industry, biotechnology and food industry. For details contact: Bedaflow Systems Pvt Ltd W-7, Sector-11 Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 301 E-mail: info@bedaflow.com www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 48 | October-November 2018
EVENTS DIARY
events diary West Africa International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference Date: 23-14 Januar y 2019
Venue: Eko Convention Centre, Lagos Event: The West African International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference ( WAIPEC) will return to the Eko Convention Centre 23-24 Januar y 2019 as the only oil and gas event held in par tnership with Nigeria’s petroleum industr y. Working direc tly with PETAN, the organisers will draw on their global resources to ensure that the event delivers to the needs of all stakeholders in Nigeria and through the region.
13th Edition Petrotech 2019 Date: 10-12 February 2019 Venue: India Expo Mart, Greater Noida, NCR, New Delhi Event: The Petrotech series of International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition is biennial platform for National and International experts in oil and Gas Industry to exchange views and share knowledge, expertise and experiences, exploring areas of growth in the energy value chain. Being held for the last over two decades with growing participation, PETROTECH-2019 is the 13th edition of the flagship event of the bustling Indian hydrocarbon sector that is a must-attend one in this part of the globe.
WAIPEC 2018 was the largest petroleum event of its kind in West Africa, as the cit y of Lagos welcomed in thousands of key regional stakeholders - plus leading international E&P firms and par tners - to develop and drive new business across the sec tor.
The event aims to explore areas of growth in petroleum technology, exploration, drilling, production and processing, refining, pipeline transportation, petrochemicals, natural gas, LNG, petroleum trade, economics, legal and human resource development, marketing.
For details, contact: PETAN T: 080 372 55190 E: adejumoke.oyedun@petan.org
For details, contact: Phone: +91-11-26754994 Email: secretariat@petrotech.in
2 nd Morocco Oi l & Gas Summit 2019
SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition
Date: 6-7 Februar y 2019
Venue: Radisson Blu Hotel, Marrakech, Morocco Event: IN-VR O il & G as is pleased to announce the second edition of ONHYM’s official oil and gas conference “Morocco O il & G as Summit”. Under the auspices of The National O ffice of Hydrocarbons and M ines (ONHYM) , IN-VR O il & G as is honoured to carr y out the 2nd “Morocco O il & G as Summit” on 6 th - 7 th Februar y 2019 in Marrakech, Morocco. For the first ti me, companies will discuss Morocco’s Atlantic offshore geology and the results recent exploration ac tivities are showcasing, onshore exploration and unconventional hydrocarbons oppor tunities. They will cover all exploration challenges and oppor tunities in Morocco, including how E&P companies and contrac tors can make the most out of the current experienced lowcost ser vice environment in Morocco. O ppor tunities for independent O il companies will be shared, including the great investment potential of shallow offshore fields for smaller exploration companies. For details, contact: Organiser: IN-VR Oil & Gas Website: http://w w w.morocco-summt.com E-mail: lydia@in-vr.co; marketing@in-vr.co
Date: 9 - 11 April 2019 Venue: Mumbai, India Event: The SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition is a wellrecognised event which aims to bring together the latest advances and best practices in the oil and gas industry. The previous edition in April 2017 was organised with the theme, “Managing E&P Business in the Changing Environment” and was very well-received by local and international oil and gas professionals. We received more than 600 delegates from 121 companies, and 23 countries. The conference offers a unique platform to raise your company’s profile within the industry and creating greater awareness of your brand. Take advantage of this opportunity to promote new and existing products and services to key professionals in the industry. For details, contact: Khushbu Rajwani Tel: 022-66927777 Fax: 022-66928899 Email: dubprog@spe.org
Offshore World | 49 | October-November 2018
www.oswindia.com
BOOKSHELF
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Upstream Oil & Gas Industry
Author: Bernhard W Seubert Price: $24.00 No of pages: 190 pages (Paperback) Publisher: Independently published About the book: This book has been written for laymen, for all those who would like to understand the business of oil and gas without having to read through the ballast of technical background. This book is easy to read and nearly free of technical jargon and mathematical formulas. To help with understanding, a glossary has been added as an appendix. The book is meant as an introduction to the large field of geology and upstream petroleum technology. It addresses investment people, students, non-technical managers in an oil company, journalists and all those who want to obtain a quick immersion into the oil and gas industry. If you are in the oil and gas business and need to explain to someone outside the field – this is intended for you. If you are a non-technical person in an oil company or are considering studying geology or petroleum engineering, this is the fastest way to read up on the subject matter. For the seasoned professional who is familiar with the subject matter, this book may come in useful to explain aspects of the business to outsiders. A special effort has been made to point out the stochastic nature of exploration, the value of information and knowledge and the economic and historic back-drop on which all commercial oil and gas operations take place. This book does not claim to be complete and correct to the last detail. Indeed, some aspects have been drastically oversimplified to make them easier to understand. For further study and for those who want to know more, there is a large body of books, teaching videos and webinars on the Internet in additions to commercial libraries. In fact, every aspect of the oil business is so rich in detail and profound in science that it requires study and specialists’ knowledge. The subject of every chapter could be a full career or profession.
Introduction To Petroleum Exploration And Engineering Author: Andrew Clennel Palmer Price: Paperback $38.00 No of pages: 154 pages (Paperback) Publisher: WSPC About the book: This book is an introduction to oil and gas designed to be both accessible to absolute beginners who know nothing about the subject, and at the same time interesting to people who work in one area (such as drilling or seismic exploration) and would like to know about other areas (such as production offshore, or how oil and gas were formed, or what can go wrong). It begins by discussing oil and gas in the broader context of human society, and goes on to examine what they consist of, how and where they were formed, how we find them, how we drill for them and how we measure them. It describes production onshore and offshore, and examines in detail some instructive mishaps, including some that are well known, such as Deepwater Horizon and Piper Alpha, and other lesser known incidents. It looks at recent developments, such as shale oil, and concludes with some speculation about the future. It includes many references for readers who would like to read further. Mathematical content is minimal.
Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry Author: Malcolm A Kelland Price: $120.73 No of pages: 454 pages (Hardcover) Publisher: CRC Press (2nd Edition) About the book: Production chemistry issues result from changes in well stream fluids, both liquid and gaseous, during processing. Since crude oil production is characterized by variable production rates and unpredictable changes to the nature of the produced fluids, it is essential for production chemists to have a range of chemical additives available for rectifying issues that would not otherwise be fully resolved. Modern production methods, the need to upgrade crude oils of variable quality, and environmental constraints demand chemical solutions. Thus, oilfield production chemicals are necessary to overcome or minimize the effects of the production chemistry problems. This book discusses a wide variety of production chemicals used by the oil and gas industry for down-hole and topside applications both onshore and offshore. Incorporating the large amount of research and applications, this new edition reviews all past and present classes of production chemicals, providing numerous difficult-to-obtain references, especially SPE papers and patents. Unlike other texts that focus on how products perform in the field, this book focuses on the specific structures of chemicals that are known to deliver the required or desired performance - information that is very useful for research and development. Each updated chapter begins by introducing a problem, such as scale or corrosion, for which there is a production chemical. The author then briefly discusses all chemical and nonchemical methods to treat the problem and provides in-depth descriptions of the structural classes of relevant production chemicals. He also mentions, when available, the environmental properties of chemicals and whether the chemical or technique has been successfully used in the field. This Edition includes two new chapters and nearly 50 per cent more references.
www.oswindia.com
Offshore World | 50 | October-November 2018
R.N.I. No. 11403/1966 Date of Publication: 29th of every month. Postal Registration No: MCS/095/2018-20 Posted at Patrika Channel Sorting Office, Mumbai 400001, on 30th of every month. Total Pages No.:62
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