S M A R T H E A LT H By DARYL SHORTER, MD
Get Up, Get Out, Get Active! Improve your physical and mental health through behavioral activation.
We’ve all been there. You told yourself all day that you were going for a walk in the park or a workout at the gym. But then you come up with every excuse in the book as to why you should stay home. Somehow, you finally convince yourself to get off the couch and go out to exercise. After just 15 minutes of activity you feel better, and by the time you’re done, you feel pretty damn good. As it turns out, this isn’t just about endorphins. The phenomenon at work here, called behavioral activation, can greatly improve both physical and mental health, and is a key strategy in reducing depression and anxiety, as well as improving overall mental health and wellness. What Is Behavioral Activation? First introduced by neuroscientists in the 1960s, the concept of behavioral activation originally referred to a method for conceptualizing how antidepressant medications worked. For example, antidepressants were thought to alleviate depression by lifting your mood and improving sleep, but also by increasing your motivation to participate in activities. Behavioral activation in the brain was thought to be a core component of the pharmacological treatment of depression. In the 1990s, behavioral activation was more narrowly defined to focus on its role in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which is used to treat a variety of mental-health conditions, including depression. Not only does CBT focus on changing patterns of thinking, but it also encourages people to participate in 28
MARCH 2022
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activities directly aimed at reducing negative feelings and low mood. More recently, behavioral activation has been studied as a stand-alone treatment for depression. In these cases, behavioral activation is used to increase involvement in positive, rewarding activities that can alleviate depression. While there’s still some debate about using behavioral activation techniques outside of the therapeutic concept, there is general agreement that getting active and participating in “antidepressant behaviors” can reduce feelings of sadness and negative patterns of thinking. Why Does It Work? There are a number of biological and psychological reasons that explain why behavioral activation works. As mentioned earlier, endorphins are released when we participate in vigorous exercise. Endorphins are endogenous opioid neuropeptides, or chemicals in the brain that stimulate the opioid receptors. These neurochemicals contribute to an overall sense of reward by creating feelings of well-being and mild euphoria. The term “runner’s high” isn’t entirely a misnomer. Your brain actually creates chemicals that encourage you to participate in activities that are good for you. Plus, exercise can make it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep throughout the night. We can also benefit from behavioral activa-
tion from a psychological standpoint. Setting concrete goals is a great way of providing structure to your day. While we all need time to relax and veg out, constantly moving through your day without any sense of structure can make you feel listless. Also, creating structure can reduce the chronic distractions of social media or Netflix. Meeting goals and expectations makes you feel good by creating a sense of accomplishment. Frankly, who couldn’t use that winning feeling every now and again? Participating in positive activities can also decrease participation in negative ones that worsen feelings of depression. Exploring hobbies, spending time in the park, or exercising at the gym may reduce time spent consuming alcohol (a central nervous system depressant) or other substances that can negatively impact mood. Activities also provide opportunities to create community and develop healthier relationships with likeminded individuals. In some clinical trials, behavioral activation was as effective as antidepressant medication or psychotherapy in treating depression. While psychotherapy and medication is an important (and, for many, vital) component of an overall treatment approach, the potential positive impact of simply getting up and moving around cannot be overstated. ➝
