Research And its purpose in Graphic Design
Contents Self Analysis
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Infographics
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Design Fields
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Workspace
Inspiring Infographs My Infographs
The New York School Paul Rand Milton Glaser Saul Bass
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27 43 53 55 69 85
The Broadsheet
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Design Journal
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Layout Inspiration Fold Inspiration Colour Choice Broadsheet Development Layout Inspiration Grid . Text . Point Editing Images Extras
Evaluation Bibiography
101 113 119 121
141 149 155 157
164 169
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Self Analysis
Starting research seems typically easy if it is made clear at the beginning what you are trying to find. My struggle and many other peoples’ struggle is finding where to start, so I’m hoping that writing out this random paragraph will remove the fear of looking at a blank document and be the push that I need to begin putting everything I have accumulated over the last couple of months into this journal. Thinking about self analysis can be overwhelming if done too often on a personal level. I have found that to keep a professional mindset on my work I will work for as long as I can with as few interuptions as possible. After working on something I will then leave that work/design sketches for a day or turn my attention to another activity for at least half a day. I will then come back to the works and evaluate the work with “fresh eyes”.I find this tactic the most efficient way to develop designs and works further without going in circles.
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My research consists of researching main keywords given in the brief, collecting the information and writing it down in rough form or bullet points. If one word or topic interests me more than others, I’ll keep researching into it while still keeping to the question or brief I’m trying to answer. When researching I find it difficult to hold my concentration to research in a quiet environment. I procrastinate a lot with social media, Youtube and Pinterest. I find I work well when I listen to music which isn’t too upbeat but has steady rhythm as background noise. Due to an epidemic occurring at the time of this research unit my routes of researching became confined to what I could reach at home. This opened other ways for me to research that have led to me finding more information than previously. Using online libraries, ebooks, documentaries and interviews on Youtube I have found it easier to collect more information quicker than searching through a library. The library might be more I prefer to document my research by writing it by hand in different colours so I can identify each individual topic.
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Four Approaches to Design Research At the beginning of my sketchbook it has quick notes and sketched diagrams from the start of the research unit. With the descriptions of how the different approaches of research can be used in practice. The main approaches focussd on in this unit are Analytical, Conceptual and Documentary.
Expressive
Documentaryy Documentar
Conceptual
Analytical
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Fig.1
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“Design is thinking made visual�
– Saul Bass
This quote is interesting because the idea of being able to see my thoughts on paper is more useful. Being able to physically shape my thoughts down gives me the opportunity to hold several ideas which I might forget for later use. I also like this quote as it gives the impression of the research process, having the ability to follow a designers thinking process to the outcome.
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“Education is not the learning of facts but the training of the mind to think�
– Albert Einstein
This quote inspires me to be persistent with studying and continue to motivate myself to push through skills I find difficult to develop. As someone who struggles to withhold information through the standard route of learning, I regularly try to find other methods of memorizing things. The quote also gives the idea to having the incentive to think outside of the box.
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I made several sketches of my research process to illustrate my working process. This took a few goes to get the main body of the process and list the parts of the process which I focussed on the most during a project. The research aspect of the project is a crucial step especially when working with a client to create a design that fits their narrative as well as what they request from you in a brief. When working on previous projects I have looked at the brief and what the client is wanting. I then will make several rough sketches of what I immediately think of from whats given in that brief. After those rough sketches I will begin researching.. If I put this in the context of an album cover for a band, I will begin to research into aspects of them: + What genre of music they play? + Are there similarities in their previous album covers ? + Do they stick a specific colour scheme? + Who is their audience? + Are there any specific aspects of the new album which could be incorporated inro the design? + What style suits their genre/narrative After this initial research I will look back at my designs and add or create new designs that I believe would work. Usually after the second round of rough sketches I will liase with the client and we’ll discuss the sketches: + What the client likes about the sketches + Are the deisgnsw lacking anything From this discussion I will then go back to the drawing board and work on the designs again, this time researching into any new information given in the meeting. This last process is usually repeated again or a few more times until the design meets the brief and satisfies the client.
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Workspace
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Depending on the type of work I am focussing on I can usually fit all my materials into a backpack that is easily transferable from one location to the next as I change location regularly. When researching, my main workspace is the library due to many of the sources I use being in the books and articles in the library. The library workspace also offers space for group discussion and easily accessable information.
I work regularly in four main areas, two within the university (library and studio) and at two houses outside of university. My workspace when at home is usually messy with books, sketchbooks and art materials strewn over the desk. This desk is also used as my printing desk so it’s covered in inks and cratches.
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Primary research is a process of researching without using other people’s found research. Using information that you have found yourself might remove any possibility of bias from sources that might be sourced. Primary research also allows the person researching to concentrate on specific topic that might not be readily found in secondary research. Primary research techniques include one to one interview, focus groups, surveys and observations. Secondary research is research that has been taken from other people’s data they have accumulated from their own research. Using secondary research allows someone to find more information about a topic quicker than primary research. Secondary sources are the news, journals, books and online articles. My personally favoured researh methods are interviews and documentaries of deisgners/artists as it offers information that has come directly from the designer rather than another source. Research that is done using primary research techniques takes a lot longer to collect data and the data collected usually is very conetrated. Working with a focus group, which can be small in numbers, can lead to the data being misleading in terms of majority compared to secondary research that has data from a larger focus group.
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Working on a this research project has allowed me to question aspects of how I research. One strength is my ability to collect different sources, discuss them and have a variety of different angles to research. I do struggle to focus on a specific task for a standard amount of time and work efficiently. Although this unit was focussed on research it also showed me how I personally work. I found that while there were times I was sturggling to work, I would be able to focus up when listening to classic music from ballets. The upbeat music with no lyrics distracted the part of my mind that wants to focus on everything but work and allows me to get more work done in a day. A distraction which led me to refocus on my work was to watch episodes of Abstract on Netflix which has a new designer or artist per episode. The designers who I loved to watch were Olafur Eliasson, Ian Spalter and Paula Scher. Eliasson works on installation pieces, Ian Spalter is the head designer of the Instagram app and Paula Scher is a graphic designer in the US famous for working with brands and designing logos for companies such as Citibank.
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Infographics
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Inspiring Infographics
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Before I began designing my own infographs I researched into what designs caught my eye and how they were successful infographics. Many infographics that caught my attention were bold and colourful while showing information that was easily read.
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Many of the designs which I was drawn also were made out of basic shapes such as circles and squares and did not contain masses of information. However the data that was shown was specific and to the point making it easy to understand the reasoning behind the infographic quicker. The two infographics (pg 32) show the use of circles in very clear ways, useing them as an outline for images with separate lines to show they path the information is leading the reader.Out of these two infographics I prefer the bottom design as I find that the information flows more than the top design.
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The designs for the infographics on these pages interested me becayse they used straight line images to create the leading pathway. The design of a town road as the path of the information is more fun and inviting to me as their is more imagery to look at other than the data its displaying. Both designs contain visual imagery that connects back to the information and both of the infographics used one main colour.
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While I was researching I came across several infographics whose designs interested me, however I could not easily read what the infographics were displaying in terms of data. While they are all eyecatching and interesting to look at they are not fully successful as an infographic. These infographics might be suitable for a specific audience and need to be used alongside the data that they represent. This does restrict it from being viewed by a larger audience. I like the use of overlapping, slightly transparent bubbles on the infographic on page 37.
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From all of the infographics I found from my research, I started drawing up my own. On page 43 were my original rough sketches of the designs I was considering. My first idea was inspired by the slightly transparent bubbles, I began thinking of a bathtub with each of the bubbles being different sizes piling up. The bubbles would be labelled with all the different aspects of my research. My second rough sketch was the idea of creating a infographic path that looked like an electric current chart. Using the typical electricity symbols to be the symbols for different steps of the research process. The third rough design which i developed a litte more was the a design where the points of a many pointed star would branch out into different sections to represent the amount of time spent on each aspect which is shown in the list below. Each of the parts was a different colour to also make it easier to find which point it correlated with.
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My Infographics 43
My infographics began with very basic design as I was more interested in making an infographic that was simple but had all the data that I’d collected from my self analysis. The sketch (page 47) shows the main parts of my working process. The notes on the side of each box are sub-sections of that step of the process.
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This infographic is the first digital one I designed (pg 49) was inspired by one of the previous sketches. The size of the bubble refers to the amount of time that I spent on each of the tasks. The bubbles were purple before adding them to the journal. Using purple as the main colour allowed for the translucency of the bubbles to be manioulated more while still be very visible. The colour also allows for the writing to be easily read within the bubbles. Evaluating this design, I think there are parts of the infographic that need changing or adding. If I went back and developed the design further I would have some line extending from each bubble with more text explaining each step of the infographic. I should have also included a small set of labels indicating what the size of the bubbles meant and what the transparency of the bubble also correlated to, which was the amount of focus I would usually put into each section. If I were to develop this design even further then I would look at changing the shape of the path or adding more bubbles.
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Looking at the infographic across pages 50 and 51, this is my main design that I decided to develop. It contains all the aspects that I was inspired by the research on other infographics. The path is easy to follow and would be easily read by a large audience. The colours are all a blue shade but the more you travel along the information the deeper the blue gets. I also added questions that I find myself asking frequently during each step of the process. If I were to develop that infographic further I would want to design some images that illustrate an action that I take for each step. I believe that compared to my other infographics the blue path infographic is the most successful in displaying all the steps of the design process. I designed another infographic (page 52) which shows the daily distractions which I had at the time of making it. Due to a pandemic one of the distractions which I hadn’t expected while working was some of my family members requesting me to cut their hair. I learnt how to use hair clippers and have dyed and trimmed/cut some family members hair more than a couple of times by the time I’ve put together this journal. I like this design of the headphones with the different size of each distraction correlating to how much time each of the distractions take up. This deisgn makes it easy to read how much time each distraction is whilst being visually interesting rather than one brick of different coloured strips. Overall for this infographic I would like to create more infographics in this style.
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Design Fields
The New York School 53
I chose editorial design as my topic, specifically poster design at the time of The New York School movement. My interest stemmed from the use of a poster to entice the viewer to go and see the film. I also was interested in the designers involved with The New York School, how they created their works and their thought processes. The thought process that the designers worked by were that the style is simple but portrays the information it represents. The New York School movement took a lot of ideals from Bauhaus as many of the designers known in the New York School movement had travelled from Europe to America so they wouldn’t be restrained in their practices.
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Paul Rand
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Fig.14
Paul Rand’s works in the 1950’s to 60’s held the idea of humour and fun within the design while still portraying the narative it needed to. The Tokyo Gallery poster (fig.16) is interesting to me as it portrays the pettern of a bee and flowers without the need for detail or description of the image. This is aided by the basic imagery of the bees pattern and wings.
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A style of Paul Rand’s that I find really interesting is his use of shapes which are cut out of paper, giving it sharp edges. This effect looks bolder and works well with the bright colour pallette he uses.
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Watching an old interview he did in 1991, Rand talks in depth about how he works. One logo he was describing which stood out to me was his design of the UPS logo (shown below) He spoke about how when he worked on the design, then when the company had a thirtyieth anniversary of the logo Rand wanted to make some “corrections” to the logo. When analysing the logo he said that he would’ve curved the point out because he didn’t like the point, however he put the point on the logo so that the shape resembled a shield rather than a pocket. He also comments on how he wanted to make the bow more geometric.
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During the beginning of the same interview Rand discusses his IBM logo, stating that “a logo becomes meaningful only after it’s used” which gives the impression that it wasn’t just the design of the logo that mattered but its exposure as a part of the company its representing. He also talks about how the reason people can easily connect the IBM logo to the company was the use of the striped line gave off the look of a computer screen.
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Milton Glaser
Milton Glaser is most famously known for his desiging of the I (heart) NY logo. His designs for posters which I have looked at here have quite contrasting styles, some are very simple designs and others are very intricate with a lot of things happening within them. All of the designs are bold in colours and are interesting to look at. The style which I find myself spending more time thinking about are the designs which have a mix of bold line and colour as well as the illustrative images such as the goatman in the Saratoga Festival poster (fig27)
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Having watched a quick 10 minute TED Talk given by Milton Glaser I found him really interesting. He spoke on his designs and describes his process to the audience. This use of connecting with the audience and speaking about his work held my interest as it is rare for me to listen to a designer or artist speak so openly about their work rather than in a book or interview article. He talks about one of his works and the different steps in the design process that he took and with the final design he discussed how he questioned his works. This questioning is the evaluating of the work that is crucial on deciding if the design is finsihed. I really liked listening to his talk because of Glaser’s honest descriptions of his struggles while designing which is a part of the design process that is usually overlooked.
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Fig.27
I really enjoy looking at the poster below as it has an etching look on the shading which gives the objects in the design more definition and depth.
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Looking at a book filled with many of Glaser’s designs, they contained double paged spreads showing his sketches for the designs on one side and the final design on the other. I have rarely seen this in books of a designer’s works as it shows the starting point for the design which may look different as a final design than when starting off. I like this aspect of seeing the start and the finish designs because it allows others glimpse the process which designers go through before reaching the final outcome. Looking at the spread on pages 76-77 it can be seen that there are several aspects of the first design that did make it to the final design such as the dotty background and the placemnet of the shapes. However looking closer it can be noted that the shape of two hands shaking on the sketch has been changed to a pyramid in the final design. While there are no other descriptions on the pages as to why this was done the shape of the pyramid connects more with the other patterns and shapes in the background. I also found Glaser’s designs intriguing due to his strong use of depth in the designs. The example of the table (shown right) offers depth via the pattern on the table which is also shaped in a slanted way. I have also interpreted the pattern to be a table based on the top of a chair peeping ove the end. When looking further into the design there is motion being created by the misplaced wince from the glass as well as the shadow of the lemon slice showing the slice is in midair.
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Fig.30
These two designs have a very psychedelic themes to them, with very bold colours and swirling patterns. I like the use of negative space on fig.30 to show the outline of the man’s face. The strong lines or the curved hair gives the impression of movement which connects back to the hippy styles of the 60’s.
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Saul Bass
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As the main designer I looked into when researching the New York School, Saul Bass’ style caught my attention for being very rough around the edges and having a raw quality to them. Bass created movie title sequences which revolutionised how title sequences were used. Originally titke sequences before Bass were very basic and didn’t give any reference to what the film was yet. Bass changed this element of film as describes “that the audience’s involvement with the film should really begin at the first frame” so the title sequences that he made captured an essence of the film and held the audiences attention from the very beginning.
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One of Bass’ most well known title sequences and posters was for the film Vertigo (fig.38) The use of spiralling pattern gave the sense of falling which thematically connected to the film itself. I find this work interesting because of its use of the spiral pattern to give depth and movement, almost creating a similarly nauseating feeling that one would get with a fear of heights. I believe that this imagery is incredibly intelligent way of incorporating the films narrative into the advertising of the film itself. Another title sequence and part of a film which is extremely famous that Bass worked on was the shower scene from Psycho. He used quick shots from certain angles to portray a woman being killed in her shower, however when looking specifically at the stills of the scene you do not see the actual killing itself. At the time Alfred Hitchcock was so interested in Bass’ designs that he paid Bass more in hourly rate than the editor. Bass’ job was to be pictorial consultant to for Psycho.
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Another cult classic which Saul Bass is connected to is the ad campaign is “The Shining”. When researching more about “The Shining” I came across an article showing several designs which Bass gave to Stanley Kubrick for the poster. This article interested me because it contained the rejected designs as well as the comments that Kubrick had written on the designs about what he didn’t like about each design.
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The designs all contained the title and an image made up of a dotty, fragmented texture. The notes identified to Bass what his designs were lacking for Kubrick but offered insight into the style which Kubrick wanted for his poster. Kubrick stated several times that the images Bass used were “too abstract” or “too irrelevant” also stating on many of the designs that the title wasn’t readable or big enough. From this feedback the known poster for the film was designed, still holding the horror theme with the frightened face within the title while keeping the title the main focus point and still readable.
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The Broadsheet
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Layout Inspiration
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There are so many different layouts that I could create on an A2 sheet, however I wanted to follow the “rule� linked to the New York School style of having a simple design with a bold colour. I wanted to also have a simple layout and fold design that would work well together to display the data I was putting on the Broadsheet. Starting with a basic design of having both pages covered majority in images with the information small and to one side. This layout directs the reader that the image is the most important part to drawing them in and the information is second.
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The broadsheet example below shows one image heavy side to the layout and an information heavy side to the other. While I do like this layout I would prefer to balance out the amount of information on each side.
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This broadsheets layout is quite messy with a lot of images and little text. This style doesn’t necessarily comply with my want to keep to a simple layout.
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The layout of this broadsheet has the information on two thirds of one side with large lettering decorating another third. I like the use of a dark box the white text inside in the one corner and the top of the broadsheet. The other side of the broadsheet contains text that was large enough that it covered the whole side like an image.
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Fold Inspiration
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Fig.49
The folds of the broadsheet Fig.48 are very simply in four faced fold which fits the layout of the information. I like this fold due to its simplicity. I would like to do a fold that is slightly more interesting than the three folds. The fold of Fig. 49 is on the other side of the fold difficulty scale. The broadsheet has an interesting way of folding into itself, with the sections that can’t be seen when folded holing all the information. I really like this style of fold because I haven’t seen anything similar before and has a mixture of image and text on one side. I did try to replicate this fold and I would have chosen it as my fold technique however the fold is more difficult and would’ve been a struggle to place the text and imagery with the fold lines.
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After reseaching many different folds I narrowed down two which interested me the most and where at a skill level I could currently work with. The broadsheet fig.50 has a smaller rectangle in the middle of the sheet which makes the fold more interesting due to the angle of the folds. I like that when the first two sides are folded in there is a cross-over of colour but the text on the folds is readable due to its size. The fold sequence seen below (fig.49) shows the 2x3 fold which folds into a square, there is also a lot of information on the side shown which does not align with the folds. I believe that this fold is easy to work and has a lot of space on each fold side to put images and text.
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Fig.50
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Colour Choice
I went through several different colour choices before ultimately deciding to go with a dark blue range. I originally wanted to use yellow as my one other colour, however I ran into trouble when the lighter tints or yellow did not stand out as boldly as I wanted when on a white background. I also didn’t want to have the sides being pure black as a background. I had previously worked with a black background and found that the text which was going onto black would need to be larger so it wasn’t drowned out by the black. I then tried green as it had the bright qualities that I liked in the yellow which I didn’t like to work with the white when it came to lighter shades of green. I finally came to use this dark blue which worked well with white. Being able to use white text over the different tints as well as having contrast when I was editing images to be two colours between black to white and one other colour.
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Broadsheet Development 121
From looking at both the layout and fold research, I decided I wanted to work with the 2x3 fold and design the layout within the folds. I sketched the first design to start off the development, I originally wanted to fit the images within the squares so that when it was folded none of the images or text would be hidden in the folds. While I did like the initial idea of none of the text or image going over the fold lines, I found it impractical with the amount of information and images that I wanted to use. I decided to change the general layout so that the images were bigger or a different shape so they could fit nicely against each other. I also liked the design of having a “filler� image in the dark blue and black that decorated a part of the broadsheet that I can place white text on top of to add contrast.
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After I’d developed the next rough draft of the broadsheet and printed it out. I folded it to see how it looked at evaluated it. Pros: + I like the strips of colour down the side of the broasheet sides and they look good when the strips mimic eachother on each side +Having white text on drak blue sections is a really nice contrast to the typical black text on white background. +Putting a workspace image inverted in the top left corner Cons: - The infographic is too small and sits on a fold that would make it difficult to see the smaller writing. - The amount on the broadsheet is too much, looks too packed - The second side can have fewer chunks of text
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When I folded the broadsheet, I found that I liked how the front page had a piece of the image and contrast with the dark blue strip. Although I liked the contrast of the dark blue and the image on the front folded side, it can be seen in the third photo that the text did not fit nicely into the dark blue and the writing on the image would not be easily readable so I decided the front page might just have the image and the title showing.
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My second rough draft (shown left) still feels too packed to me, the infographic is too small and I feel like the image in the top left corner of my workspace is to squished and doesn’t show the whole of the image like I want it to I also placed an image of Paul Rand at the bottom of side1, however, I find that I haven’t written enough about Paul Rand within my broadsheet research to include a photo of him. One part of side 1 that I really like is the blue strip with an image of my library workspace inside of it in black. The white quote text on top of the darker image contrasts nicely. I still feel like there is too much going on with not enough white space in this draft so I would want to remove the Paul Rand image and maybe move put the text on the left side onto the white background.
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Draft 3 (shown right) changes: + Removed the left blue strip + Increased the size of the workspace image + Moved all the text into the middle, giving the text more space around it + Removed the Paul Rand image + Increased the size of the infograph While placing the text I experimented with the layout of the text (shown below) I found that having two columns for each paragraph didn’t flow as smoothly as when I put the text in one column. One column made it easier to follow the text.
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When working on side 2 I decided that it was too messy in draft 1 and I wanted a large image to take up majority of the space on side 2. As my design field research was based on movie posters, I used my main research image which was the poster for “The Shining� There is a lovely contrast with the text and background in this poster. I also lined it up with the information on side 1. Having this similarity to side one also let some of the colour from the image slip onto the folded sides where the text sat to the left. As I didn’t have a lot of information I decided to group them into 3 blocks and space them out evenly to have their on section. When they are folded the text will sit comfortably in the bottom left corner of each folded section.
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I created 5 notable drafts of the bradsheet before I finalised the design. My final deisgn had the workspace image and the infographic switched around so that the sliver of the image seen on the front section was more decorative than the infographic. This also meant that this infographic wasn’t ruined by the fold. I kept the strip of blue down the right side, taking up the halves of the two fold sections it sat it. All of the text was grouped and placed in the middle section, doing this meant it had this similarity to the text on the other side. I also changed the text colour to the dark blue which felt like it worked better than having black writing. I decided that I wanted the poster image to be less striking after I remembered that the broadsheet was going to be an A2 size and I didn’t want to drown out the text with a large, very dark image. Overall I think the broadsheet successfully shows all of the data I have placed on it, whilst stilll looking interesting. I would have liked to have maybe tried a completely different shape for the images had I had time, but I also wanted to keep to the ideals used in The New York School movement of only needing the basics.
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Design Journal
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Layout Inspiration Fig.51
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When researching different layouts that worked well for an A5 sized journal, there were so many styles it was almost overwhelming, however I had decided on just one or two columns for text. Using just one column worked nicely and referred back to my use of one column on the broadsheet and I decided I wanted to carry that over to my journal. The image placement would then work around the text. I also decided that unless the image was taking up the whole spread that I would try to keep the images fitting to one page and they would not go over both. A lot of the juornals I looked at kept the text in normal position reading it left to right. I think for my sub-chapter titles I want to place them at a ninety degree angle so there is separation between the title and the text.
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Grid . Text . Point
Having not worked with grids very frequently in the past I have read up on the basic grid building techniques and which grid would best suit what I want my journal to look like.
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I read through Josef Muller-Brockmann’s book on grids which was incredibly helpful with describing the need to pick the right number of columns and rows for the grid. The book also talks on how the spacing between the type and the size of the type can be important. With examples showing placement of images as well as text, this book (shown right) has been incredibly useful to the development of this journal. Had I not researched and found this book, my journal may looking completely different and less structured.
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This the example of what grid I have been working throughout this book. There are three columns and ten rows. The gutters also allow space between paragraphs so they are spaced in a way to have a breather between the text. The text (shown left) also just gives an example of how I decided to place my text within the grid. The rule I have stuck to is that the main body of text will only be placed within the two columns on the right side of each page. The text can be placed in the rows beginning in the second row and finishing in the nineth row to allow space around the text. The text could also best placed anywhere inbetween these seven rows, so they can also be placed in the middle rows to have negative space on both top and bottom of the text.
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I chose to use the Baskerville typeface as I wanted to use a serif typeface which I thought would balance with the basic style of layout that I was using. I found that the larger point of the typeface wasn’t so strong that it took away from anything else on the page with it.
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Semibold 50pt
I used four different point sizes and two different weights of Baskerville: Main body of text - Regular 10pt Main Chapter titles - Regular 55pt Subchapter titles - Semibold 50pt Number of Chapter - Regular 300pt
Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt Regular 10pt
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Regular 55pt
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Editing Images
Haven been given a demostration on photoshop how to edit images and turn them into Bitmaps I had a lot of experimenting to do. There are many different styles of bitmap you can use.
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On the right are the three main bitmaps I used, I found the two on top held the most of the images detail whilst the bottom bitmap is plainly balck and white with all the details being removed. As I wanted majority of my images to still have as much of the detail as possible I would put the images into greyscale and export them as bitmaps so the pixel count was still the same whilst allowing me to manipulate the two layers to change the colours.
70 pxls Diffusion Differ
65 pxls. 50% threshold
25pxls. Pattern Dither
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While I was still in the first researching phases of this project a pandemic broke out which has made doing all this work far more of a struggle than if everything was still normal. Luckily enough while I was still able to go to university I managed to have my induction to screen printing in the print room. Having done a year in a Fine Art degree prior this course I was familliar with the print room and love designing and making prints. While I have worked in print rooms before it was necessary for me to take the introduction to this print room as it was a new print area and might’ve had different rules to my previous print room. The print shown to the right is the safety instructions that we were given on arrival and we were to read through and ask questions on anything we were unsure about.
Extras
I hadn’t dont screen printing very recently and was very eager to get back into printing. Majoirty of my previous prints have been made using lino rather than screens.
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One thing off the top of my head that I can remember from screen printing is the thread count on the screen could change the overall look of your print. The higher the thread count the more detailed the print could look. This also depended on the type of deisgn you brought in. If the design was a photo of someone it would have to be turned into a bitmap to show all the details and different areas of shading rather than block colour.
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We were each given our own screen which needed to have space for all the separate sections of your design. You would then be able to tape paper over the areas you weren’t printing to assure that none of the ink would go through any other areas of the screen. To get your design on the screen you would place light sensitive emulsion solution onto the screen and allow it to dry in a dark shelf area. Once its dried (about thirty minutes) you would place your black and white design face down on the light box with the screen “screen side down” on top. The light box would expose the image to the emulsion and whatever areas were black the emulsion wouldn’t react and could be washed off.
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My design was this bee on top of a circle, I wanted to try a very basic design as I didn’t have a lot of time to draw up then design if I wanted to also make the screen and print in the same day. I did go back to make several more prints which I enjoyed immensly. Overall I loved screen printing and want to make more prints using other printing techniques in my degree.
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Evaluation
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Evaluation
Research has been the spine of my work for this project and has allowed me to discover new perspectives of working. Using primary research through self-analysis helped me recognise my work ethic and areas which I need to improve in order to make my researching and working more efficient.
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Self-analysing other parts of my work I have found my strengths in researching a lot of different styles of data. This strength was helpful during the time of working on this project as the covid-19 pandemic has restricted the use of the university library so I have not been able to research or work as efficiently as I would when being able to focus on studying at uni. However, I have looked into other ways to find data such as E-libraries, TED talks, LinkedIn Learning, documentaries and articles. I haven’t had any technical problems throughout this project other than my own lack of knowledge on certain techniques. These problems were easily resolved by learning the techniques online, an example of this is my distractions infographic which has the blue strips are placed within the headphone image. Whilst being in isolation I have struggled with the planning of my design journal as there are many aspects of the journal that I didn’t recognise until I had gotten through a significant chunk of the pages. One aspect of the journal which I should’ve planned better was documenting where I had found all of my images and information, while I did document a lot of the images and data I can reference better in the future.
I have become much better at bitmapping whilst working on this project and have developed my use of grids. Although I was able to develop my grid building skills during this project, I plan to develop my knowledge of grid building until I am more comfortable with many different grid styles. The outcome of the journal has definitely developed more through the large amount of research I have done compared to if I had done little to no research. Researching the different layouts and structuring the information allowed me to develop the final choices for the journal. Overall, I believe that this journal successfully shows the use of research and its importance in graphic design.
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Bibliography
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Designed by
Olivia Walliker