The Fritillary, June 1910

THE FRITILLARY.

T U N E, 1910.

TEZitOr : MiSS O'SULLIVAN, 0:',ford

:

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miss HoLT, Lady Margaret Hall.

Miss RUCK, Somerville College.

Miss HILL, St. Hugh's Hall.

Miss WARD, St Hall.

Miss O'CoNNon, Oxford Home-Students.

ilreasner : M

CHA LONER, Lady Margaret Hall.

alfe *jam.

No. 60.

JUNE.

1910.

CONTENTS. PAGE

EDITORIAL

PAGE

861

THE ROMANES LECTURE

ANTI-MILITARISM

862

DRAMATIC AND MUSICAL NOTES

THE MAID OF THE QUEST

865

OXFORD STUDENTS' UNITED HOCKEY CLUB

874

ON GYPSIES

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87o .

871

866

OXFORD STUDENTS' DEBATING SOCIETY

874

WOMEN'S DELEGACY STATUTE

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CORRESPONDENCE

876

THE ROAD

868

REVIEWS

878

869

HALL NOTICES

"

EVERYMAN"

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.

NEWS OF THE TERM

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Ebitortal.

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One thing, however, should be made clear.

The suggestions for reform emanated primarily, not CONFLICTING opinions and a desire for the unattainable are difficulties in the path of every only from the judgment of the editorial body but lover of progress. Especially conflicting opinions,; also from prevailing opinions among the subscriwhich, for the production of any beneficial or bers to the paper. The alteration of the cover lasting results, necessitate compromise. Different in this number is the definite outcome of those points of view in matters of government, stimula- suggestions, and was decided upon by the general ting as they may be to the opponents on either vote of all the Halls, following the careful consiside, are exhausting to the arbitrator, who pleads deration of the matter by the Committee.

People are so ready to attribute new doings to perforce the wisdom of concession and the value of discreet and gradual movements. The sincerity the enterprise or presumption of some individual. of this policy is particularly difficult to retain when Let them remember that time and circumstances, the constitution is of a nature which renders pru- rather than the efforts of isolated enthusiasts, make for a new order of things. dential measures inadvisable.

One point at least we have in common with In other words, we have found the suggested reform of this paper a hard task. The advocates those who question our actions. We all have the of change, who voiced their ideas in the letter sent welfare of the paper at heart, and not a few of us to us last term, are neither as numerous nor as have done our best, in one way or another, to single-minded as we had thought ; and opposition further its interests. New workers will be found hereafter for the Fritillary, with ways, perhaps, to every one of the points of proposed alteration has been vigorous and abusive. Helpers, how- more efficient ; but with no greater desire than its ever, have been generous and enthusiastic. We earlier friends have had for its good reputation and success have no real cause for complaint or reproach.

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"Entiotibilitarisin:" one gibe of the Question.

moral degradation, such as Macbeth suffered, must inevitably be the outcome.

I have supp'd full with horrors ; Direness, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts, Cannot once start me.

A SEVENTEENTH century philosopher stated very definitely that the natural state of man was one of Moreover, is it not true that fires, accidents, Warfare, and that it was only by the use of ,in- wrecks produce the same heroic actions as war ? but in their case, no one maintains that the cessant force and struggle that he could maintain his place upon earth. This theory has been some- heroism displayed outweighs the evil results. what modified by the progress of civilisation, so The third argument that is commonly advanced that in the twentieth century it is not held abso- in favour of war is that it is beneficial to trade, lutely true ; but it is curious to note how the by the destruction of trade rivals. This on the original idea lingers in the mind of man and finds face of it is a superficial statement. It is true that expression in several fallacies which are common while a war is in progress, trade receives a certain to-day. In view of mere historical facts, of the impetus, because the " sinews " of war have to be histories of the great wars that have been and their supplied. The woollen trade enjoys a temporary results, to go no farther back than the French activity because of the unusual demand caused by Revolution and the ensuing Napoleonic wars, it the making of uniforms, and likewise, such trades would seem incredible that any sane - minded benefit as provide the armaments, the provisions, citizen could welcome a war and regard it as ships and all the other necessaries. But it must " useful," a "good thing" and " beneficial to be remembered that all the money that is sunk trade." Yet these are the opinions and this the into this is absolutely unproductive, it yields no attitude which are constantly being expressed and return ; whereas were the same money invested in adopted. The recent German scare is quite a trade it would be productive and be a real means sufficient test ; one heard on all sides that England of increasing and expanding trade. When the war was degenerating, that the situation was strained, •is over, the demand ceases and the output can no and that a good solid war, with apparently plenty longer continue ; the natural result of this is that of bloodshed and expense, was necessary to clear a number of people must be thrown out of work, the air--in short " Jingoism " was rampant. there is no longer any place for them now that There is another theory maintained, it would trade has sunk to its normal level, and they go to appear, by idtalists ; war they declare is noble, swell the bands of the Unemployed. Further, soul-stirring, heroic ; it calls forth manly qualities, if we destroy or ruin the prosperity of a rival, we endurance, patriotism, self-sacrifice : it tempers destroy the trade which we carried on with them. the base nature of man and exalts him, the battle- For instance, Germany is one of our best field the training-ground of chivalry and heroism. Customers, hence a war with her would absoThere is a grain of truth in this theory ; war. lutely block the market for an enormous amount certainly does call forth certain qualities, but it of our trade, and the impoverishment of England seems truer of ancient hand-to-hand conflicts than would inevitably result. It is an economic maxim of the present methods of fighting. There is little that imports are paid for by exports. heroic about modern warfare ; the. enemies fight During the Boer war England spent 250 million under cover at long distances apart ; it is a process pounds and sacrificed something like 25,000 lives : of strategy and waiting. It is moreover unwarrant- the money was spent to no purpose and the able to assume that deliberate slaughter of one's number of lives lost represents an incalculable fellow-beings can either arise from or produce amount of wasted energy. In Queen Victoria's feelings that are heroic. On the contrary, in- reign, England fought more than 4o campaigns, creasing familiarity with warfare must tend to including the Crimean war, China and Egyptian coarsen and deaden any finer susceptibilities; wars and various Indian and African frontier wars,

THE FRITILLARY. involving a total expense of £200 millions.

Added to this is the increase in Army and Navy Expenditure, which from 1898 to 1908 rose from £42.6 to £59.1 millions. In a short pamphlet, .Mr. G. H. Perris shows to what use the money spent in the Boer War alone could have been put, and it is instructive to study it.

The £250,000,000 would have built " ro9„000 workmen's houses for London, at an average cost of £400 each (Z4o millions); 25,000 houses each for Manchester and Liverpool (Zzo millions) ; o,000 houses each for Glasgow, Leeds and Birmingham VI 2 millions); r,000 each for ten smaller towns, and too each for zoo villages at £200 (£6 millions) ; r,000 hospitals at £20,000 each (Zzo millions); r,000 higher grade schools at £20,000 each (Z20 millions) ; £7 millions for afforestation and farm colony experiments, and £25 millions towards extending old-age pensions," still leaving Zroo millions "to go toward reduction of debt or taxation."

This shews clearly the tremendous economic waste that war involves. The expense of maintaining Army and Navy is no less than that of war, and it is worse, because it is a constant drain upon the nation. So long as European powers continue to uphold their present immense and costly "means of defence," the existence of this odious international suspicion and mistrust will continue. Mr. Carnegie points out in an article on armaments, that if a man acts upon the motto " In time of peace prepare for war," and straightway buys a six-chambered revolver, and quarrels with his neighbour, he cannot expect his neighbour not to arm himself likewise : and so they continue providing themselves with stronger and stronger weapons until mistrust breeds itself naturally and the slightest occasion will give rise to open hostility.

This is equally true of nations : England cannot endure the thought of Germany having more battleships and continues to build, apparently presupposing their future need on the occasion of war. She believes she must defend herself this is obvious, but arbitration will provide a better defence. And because both nations build on the same principle, the hot-headed public assumes :

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that war is inevitable and goes about shouting its hastily-formed, ill-judged convictions. A quotation from Professor Henry Jones, "Idealism as a practical Creed," is well worth inserting here " What more convincing evidence can we have of this than the tragic emulation of powerful states in military equipment ? Or what is more certain than that it must in the last resort stultify itself?

Surely, the time is coming when the overburdened and long-suffering peoples shall inaugurate a more massive diplomacy than that of the diplomats, and make possible another way of arbitrament than that of violence. In short, changed outward circumstances compel reflexion ;' the new world demands the new response. Our ideas must be enlarged and our motives become more human."

(Chap. vi.)

The vast expense of armaments can be seen by a glance at the figures. In 8 years the expenditure of Europe (excluding Turkey), the United States and Japan, increased from £251 to £320 millions, that is an increase of £69 millions.

That was in 1907.

For 1910-11 the Navy estimates are still more staggering. England proposes to expend £40,603,700, which is an increase of £5,461,000 on last year's expense. This allows a sum of £13,279,830 for construction of new battleships ; including 5 super-Dreadnoughts, 5 protected cruisers, 20 destroyers, and numerous smaller vessels. (See " Concord," March, ryro ) Besides this there is a proportionate increase in Army expenditure, which is granted at £27,760,000, with total armament and expenditure of _6(•8,363,70o ; by the side of this it must be remembered that the whole budget amounts to ,140,000,000, so that truly _4'71,636,300 is left for other purposes.

This armament expense is entirely useless and unnecessary if we believe that arbitration will secure and safeguard our interests. It is a tremendous drain on the nation, impoverishes it in other directions, and goes to fostering a bad and pernicious spirit of militarism. The unnecessary waste of this expenditure cannot be too highly emphasised, especially at a time when the national debt stands,at about ,4.7oo,00p,o0o. Further, if you reflect, that with the rapid advance of im-

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provements and discoveries in machinery, the average period of a Dreadnought's " life " is only some 5 or ro years, it seems criminal to spend so many millions in the production of what will soon be old iron.

It is clear that some definite action is imperative to prevent the growth of the martial spirit that needs so much defence ; and there is a movement on foot which it is hoped will ultimately spread better and wiser and more far-seeing principles.

During the last few years advances have been made in arbitration : it is desired to establish a system of international arbitration, so that disputes of all kinds shall' be settled amicably and without recourse to war. The peace-movement, as it is called, has for its aim not " Armed Peace," but a state of International Justice ; it endeavours to foster the spirit of peace in personal and public life, as opposed to " Jingoism " and other martial creeds. Its aim coincides to some extent with the ultimate aim of education, the spread of truth ; it wishes to make people capable of penetrating and judging the misrepresentations, scares and fallacies that are too common to place legislation upon a sound and wise basis. It may be noted in passing that the work of the Trades Unions is good in this respect. They carry on arbitration between employers and employees, and make for peaceable and just settlements, avoiding deadlock and strifes. The peace-movement is an extension of the same principles upon an international scale. Facts will show that this ideal is by no means impracticable, that much has already been done and that the movement is slowly developing and expanding.

In 1815 a Peace Society was founded in New York, and in 1816 one in London. Some years later, in 1830, Geneva followed suit, and 1841 Paris had a society. An International Peace Congress was held in London in 1843, which was followed by meetings in 1848 at Brussels ; 1849 at Paris ; 1850, Frankfort ; 1851, London. 1853 in Edinburgh ; and amongst the supporters were Victor Hugo, Richard Cobden, John Bunith and John Bright.

Since the Franco-German War, which caused a temporary reaction, the movement has progressed -

steadily. In 1889 a series of International Congresses were opened, and in 1905 the National Council of Peace Societies was established.

International Arbitration began soon after the Napoleonic Wars, but the most important event was the establishment of a Permanent Arbitration Court by the first Hague Conference in 1899.

At this meeting 26 States were represented, and a process of " Arbitration, Mediation and Investigation by International Commissions of Enquiry" was established ; and it was at this Conference that the use of expanding bullets and poisonous explosives (as lyddite shells) was prohibited.

[England refused to agree to this and used them in the Boer War until the process was stopped by a general indignant outcry.]

The second Hague Conference met in June, 1907, and continued for 4 months ; at this 23o delegates were present, a great increase on the last number, and 'or points of arbitration were discussed. Owing to the position of the Powers at the time, the Conference did not actually accomplish as much as the previous one did, but, amongst other things, it established an International Naval Prize Appeal Court; revised the Arbitration Convention ; and introduced a summary procedure for small cases.

It is clear that Arbitration will secure a more just settlement of disputes than war, for in war, it is not the party which is right but the party which is strong that will secure a verdict in its favour.

Other signs are visible that the movement is gaining ground and spreading. Local peacesocieties are being formed ; protests against Militarism are made in public speeches ; at the last meeting of the Incorporated Association of Head Masters, Mr. A. Rowntree protested against the " militarising of schools"; his speech is worth quoting : " In the years when we have boys under our control . . . . we ought to instil into their minds thoughts of friendship rather than thoughts of suspicion ; we ought to be training reason, a sense of justice, an ability to weigh evidence, and powers of Self-restraint. Military training tends to narrow the thoughts of patriotism, and to limit the meaning of citizenship and national service to

THE FRITILLARY. one particular groove, when the nation is crying aloud for a wise and wide citizenship."

The former French President, M. Loubet, states his views definitely on the Alsace question. " So .long as France and Germany do not agree to settle the question of Alsace and Loraine in a friendly way, a ferment of discord, badly suppressed hatred, the seeds of division and conflict will continue to exist."

• The spirit is surely growing in spite of many obstacles : the Boy-Scout movement is radically bad from this aspect ; it encourages the mistaken ideas of war, and inflames boys with the desire for fighting when their energies and ideals should lie in the other direction. The soldier is ever the hero of the small boy, it is time for a new ideal of heroes and heroism to be set up. From other aspects the Scout-movement is excellent, were it only based on a non-military foundation, so that its followers could betaulght to realise the horrors and evils of war instead of following the cannon of slaughter, it would have solved the problem of satisfactory occupation and amusement for them.

Enough has been said to show that war, ethically and practically, is an abomination to a civilised world. It is to be hoped that the spread of the new peace-movement will diffuse wiser and broader principles, that it will ultimately and at no far distant date realise its ideals and behold the final stamping out and demolition of the curse of Militarism.

J. A.

tbe Matt) of the guest. (" Faire Sir, said Sir Percivales sister to Sir Galahad, dismay ye not : for by the leave of God I shall let make a girdell to thy sword—such a one as shall belong thereto.")

—Morte D'Arthur.

I DREAMT a dream of an angel face When I dwelt alone in a quiet place ; I worship it still for its perfect grace, It haunts me when I pray.

A maid it was, with dew-drenched hair I saw in my dream—and I did not dare Look up, for the soul before me there Was pure as the dawn of day.

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I knelt on the grass her feet had pressed ; She turned, and I saw in her eyes confes't The golden light of a holy quest Like sunrise on the sea. " Stranger, whom shall I serve ? " she said.

"I seek the sinless knight, whose head " Has never been bowed in shame or dread" The lover of chastity." " Not I, 0 lady, strange and sweet " One in the world alone is meet " To kiss your thin white wandering feet, " To quiet your restless hands." " All earthly love is naught to me" Belov6d of my soul is he " Who lives with God for company " A searcher in lonely lands.' " " Maid, with stedfast lips and brow-' " 0 cease your fruitless,quest, for how " May your frail form do service now " Where men were found to fail ? " "Your starlit hair that makes me glad, " Your voice so passing soft and sad " Must go unpraised by Galahad, " Who seeks the-Holy Grail." " What care I for servile praise ? " If I may offer up my days " To make less hard the troublous ways " About his journey's end. " God ! hear the prayer I make to Thee, " Take back the gifts Thou gayest me ; " I yield them that Thy own knight may be " Made strong, Thee to defend."

With one last look at me she fled; Her garment brushed my bowed down head ; I can hear still the words she said As she was leaving me : " This body and this hair that seem " So fair to you that only dream " Shall render service that you deem " Impossibility."

I dreamed again in after years And heard once more that voice of tears ; I shivered then with nameless fears— The maid spoke not to me. " Now Jesus Christ be blessed this day, " Happier am I than I can say,

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" My task is almost done—I pray " The rest fulfilled may be."

She knelt before a gentle knight, Did on his sword with fingers white, The girdle that she had made was bright With all her golden hair.

Galahad looked on her brave shorn head : " Lady, henceforth be it ever said " I am your knight." His cheek burned red With fervour of thankful prayer.

Child of a king, she gave her life To save her knight from mortal strife, And a lady from pain. She braved the knife And died most royally.

Galahad mourned the peerless maid, Prayed by the bier where her corpse was laid Till noonday softened to evening shadeIn a castle by the sea.

G. -

On erpates.

THEY are a dying race : we have societies for the preservation of ancient monuments, but today the laws against vagrants and the inhabitants of movable dwellings are driving from our midst a monument to a past age and a past civilisation, — to the fast vanishing nomadic instinct which peopled Europe and found America,—a monument which once lost can never be replaced.

He is a character, the English Gypsy, and long acquaintance with him, both as a type and as an individual, has only deepened the mystery which surrounds him. It is a pity that the Gypsy is not better known, or rather that he should always be judged by western standards : but the dog has been given a bad name, and the rope awaits him at every turn. Where will you find more beauty than in the young Romany of either sex ? a beauty that is neither Southern .nor Slav nor Oriental, but a mixture of the three, in the grace and regular features, in the quick play of emotions across the face. Characteristic of the Gypsy, too, is the expression that betrays no more than the owner will, the far-seeing stare which is not

bold or stupid but well known to the tribesmen of Dardistan,—whence some would derive the origin of the Romany folk.

There is a wonderful bond of union between the Gypsies all over the world, and he who, has learnt to " rokra Romany " in any country can make himself understood from Baghdad to Boston. You will not get a Gypsy to acknowledge the existence of such a language by mere enquiring : he holds it his last and most precious possession. But next time you meet a Gipsy, say " Sharishan " (Greeting !) to him, or, if it be evening,."Kushto rat," and see whether you provoke a surprised answer, or a stony and suspicious stare.

He who has once been " bitten " by interest in the Romany chal will never recover he will spend his holiday on the road, his time in the pursuit of a subject as elusive as it is fascinating.

Where did the Gypsy come from, and when ?

Where did he get his language, that sister, not daughter, of the oldest Sanskrit ? His laws are but three, but they embrace the fundamentals of every code propounded since the world began.

His religion is slight, and that of a pantheistic' nature, yet his rendering of God by Mi-duvel has puzzled more than. one philologist. His sign called patteran (patrin = leaf) is the most characteristic of his institutions. When at a cross-road you find a rude arrangement of pebbles or twigs on the ground, pointing in a certain direction, know then that your " kral " has gone before you, and has left his sign for you to follow. The mark is sometimes like a broad arrow, more often a cross with the long arm pointing in the direction to be followed : it is trisul,—the trident of Neptune.

Go, one evening, in a spirit of friendliness to a Gypsy encampment, and if you are welcomed you will learn more of the Gypsy in an hour than the reading of a month could teach you. You will be greeted with the words " Best aley " (sit down), the Romany welcome all over the world ;—perhaps with the words " 0 baro duvel atchpa leste " (the Great Lord be on you), though this formula is only in use among the older Gypsies. There will be little speech, and that of a tortuous and :

THE FRITILLARY. apparently irrelevant character. The Romany gillies, or songs, are among the most beautiful in any language ; the following example, moreover, contains some of the purest Romany extant.

Pauno birk My men eugro shall be Jackors my dudees Of ruppeny shine Atch miri die !

Ma jal away : Lest maude tute dick Kek komi.

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language, learn to be silent and observe, to show no impatience at crooked answers to straight questions, and some day you may find yourself admitted to the friendship of one of the most romantic and the least known races in the world.

CHICHELE.

tin Mainen's iDelegacp %tatute.

THE Women's .Delegacy Statute has already been discussed twice by the University. The • This I heard from an old Gypsy woman of the first debate on May loth was opened by the clan Porrun, or Lee, who came down to the great Principal of B.N.C., who in introducing the prehorse-fair at Bron a few years ago. Borrow prints ,amble of the Statute laid stress on the care given a variant version in his "Romano lavo-lil," and I by the Hebdomadal Council to the framing of append his translation :— the Statute and the need that the University t should undertake the control of the Women I'd choose as pillow for my head That snow-white breast of thine ; Students as a whole. He spoke pleasantly and persuasively, and his speech had a very good I'd use as lamps to light my bed Those eyes of silver shine : effect. The President of Corpus then opposed 0 lovely maid, disdain me not, in an amusing and paradoxical speech. He held Nor leave me in my pain : that there were too many Delegacies already, and Perhaps 'twill never be my lot that this particular Delegacy would be injurious to To see thy face again." the University. It would be run by the women These notes are very rambling and discon- and the women's friends, and Convocation would nected ; I can only plead a like nature in the have very little influence upon it. He also subject. Few people give a thought to the expressed a fear, that as. women students take Gypsies, except to order the hen-roost to be chiefly what he described as the lighter subjects— History, English, Modern Languages, an injurious securely fastened if they see a van on the road.

But try sometime to get acquainted with one of effect would be produced on the men's curriculum the race ; it will be difficult, for no shyer or more if women students were encouraged. The Rector of Exeter spoke next. He was not opposed to suspicious wild creature ever fled before a sound the Statute, but desired to see it modified by the in the wood than the Gypsy before the advances omission of the clauses providing for women of a " gorgiko rye." Learn a few words of their delegates and for the placing of the Society of * To those who claim for the language of the Romany Home Students under a committee of the Delegacy. folk a no higher origin than a mixture of "thieves latin," with a few modern words picked up on their travels before The general tone df his speech was very depressing. reaching England, I would commend the derivation of some One felt that he would appear reasonable and of the words in the above song :— judicious when he spoke of the danger of preFauna = white, Sanskrit pandu, Gaelic ban. cedents, and the proper course to be followed by Jack = eye, Sanskrit akshi (oculus).

Dudee = star, Sanskrit dyuti. the University in dealing with persons who were Rup = silver, Sanskrit raupya, Hindustani "rupee." not its members ; but it was plain that as the Jal, to go, finds its counterpart in Sanskrit, Russian, Statute was carefully framed and consistent, the Turkish and Norse, and is represented in English by changes he advocated would greatly diminish its " Yule,"—the time of year when the sun has travelled his yearly course. value and make it on the one side-cumbrous, and G

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on the other almost nugatory. The preamble of the Statute was carried by 159 votes to 28.

On May 31st, the amendments proposed by the Rector of Exeter and other members of Congregation were discussed. The Rector proposed to substitute for Women Delegate an Advisory Committee, which might include men or women, which the Delegacy should be bound to consult on most, but not all, matters affecting women students He advocated it as the proper constitutional method of dealing with women's education, which should be, as•he held, controlled by men with the assistance of advice from women.

He dwelt on the danger of placing so many persons who were not members of the University on a Delegacy for fear they should have the control of the business in their own hands, and advised delay until the larger questions of admission to the degrees should be brought forward.

The Warden of Keble seconded on much the same lines.

The original provisions of the Statute were defended by Professor Geldart on the ground that an Advisory Committee would be cumbrous and inconvenient, and that as the money would be supplied by or for women it was unreasonable that women should have no share in the management of it. Sir William Anson, who spoke next, showed an extraordinary ignorance of the condition of women's education in Oxford, of the object of the Statute, and of the functions of the proposed Delegacy. He added nothing to the arguments. The Principal of B.N.C. said a few words to explain that although women had been consulted they had not taken the initiative in asking for a Delegacy. The first amendment dealing with women delegates was then put and lost by 110 votes to 85. The other amendments were then withdrawn except the last, which was rather technical in character, and advocated chiefly as a means for introducing other amendments.

It was however lost by 86 votes to 3o.

The Statute will if carried make very little difference to the position of the individual resident student, and she will enjoy no privileges that she does not possess at present. She will however be recognised bythe University, whereas at present

she is entirely ignored, until she enters for examinations. Her name will be on a register kept by the Delegacy, and if it is not on the register she will not be able to enter for examinations. She will not be able to live in lodgings in Oxford, either in Term or Vacation, without the consent of the Delegacy as well as of her Principal. If she is a Home-Student she will be directly under the authority of the Delegacy. This does not mean that she will be specially favoured, but that the Committee that governs her will be appointed by the Delegacy and rules made for her by that Committee. All students alike will be " registered women students " under the Delegacy.

The importance to women who direct the education of the students is far greater. They will obtain security for the development of their work on lines tested by the experience of 3o years, and will have their share in moulding it in the future as in the past. For this they will have the authority of the University behind them. The Statute comes once more before Congregation, once before Convocation.

A. M. A. H. R.

tbe 'Raab.

THE road of the plain— Winding its way through fields of green and gold, Winding through yellow gorse on eastern woldThe white and dusty road across the plain Calls me again, Clear as of old Calling my feet to follow each winding fold.

The road of the town— Bustling through busy crowds intent on gain, Pushing through buildings black with factory stain— The broad and thronging road that threads the town Calls me—Come down, In the dark and the rain, Come down to the streets to learn their mirth and their pain.

THE FRITILLARY. But the road of the hills— Barren and bleak it fights through the purple MOM*,

Up to the heights where the air is cold and pure0 the narrow and stony road that scars the hills, It calls who wills— Glad to endure— Calls him to climb the peaks, with magic lure. " K."

"Ererrman."

Characters.

Everyman ...

God : Adonai Death Messenger Fellowship ...

Cousin Kindred ...

Goods Good-deeds ...

Strength ...

Discretion ...

Five-wits Beauty Knowledge Confession Angel Doctor

• • • MISS HADOW.

MISS B RUCE. MISS H. WALTON. MISS KEMPSON. • • MISS OVEREND. • • . MISS KEMPSON. • • • MISS LODGE. • • • MISS MYERS. . • • MISS DA R BISHIR E. • • • MISS MYERS. • • • MISS JAMIESON. ••• •••

... MRS. LINDSAY. ... Miss RHYS.

MISS MISS MISS MISS

ESCREET. BRUCE. KEELING. KEMPSON.

On the evenings of June znd and 3rd " the moral play of Everyman " was performed in Radcliffe House garden, by Members of the Senior Common Rooms of Lady. Margaret Hall and Somerville.

The weather was lovely. The terrace in front of Miss Darbishire's French window with its green curtains, and two big clumps of Mary-lilies in the foreground, made an excellent stage ; and nobody who did not see them can imagine how jolly the dresses were. Everyman was in green, until he put on his grey garment of true Contrition ; so was Fellowship, but a trifle more foppish.

Cousin and Kindred in light blue and dark brown —the latter, perhaps, the most authentic-looking of all. Good-deeds in a deep shade of " aeroplane" blue, and Beauty in white with a rich mantle of orange, made a beautiful colour-scheme.

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Death's costume bore slight traces of the influence of the Corpse of the O.U.D.S., 1909, but his drum lent him individuality ; and Goods was simply glorious.

Those of us who saw the " Interlude of Youth " played by Mrs. Filmer last term, found it interesting to compare the two plays. Undoubtedly " Everyman " is far and a way the finer ; and the impression that it was not quite such a good acting play was probably due to the fact that the tedious parts of the " Interlude " have been forgotten and only the most dramatic moments stand out, when Youth. is struggling between Pride and Charity. But the change in Everyman, and his gradually growing despair, as all the things he had set his hopes upon fail him, form an action quite as dramatic. Miss Hadow was admirable throughout, but it was in the " Everyman " of the last part of the play that she was most successful. She began perhaps on too soft a note to make a very good diminuendo.

In a comedy, the little hitches that may occur only serve to increase the fun. A play like " Everyman " is of course infinitely more difficult to act. And on Friday evening we were really made to feel the spirit of the play. The music and the procession probably contributed a good deal to the effect. We must have been a very difficult audience to play before—mostly pupils of the cast : but it is the fact that nobody felt the least desire to laugh, even when Good-deeds' toes peeped beyond a too scanty curtain It really was a most tremendously sporting thing to do, especially in the rush of the Summer term. We hope its success will lead to the creation of a precedent.

L. A. R.

1Rews of the term.

IT is not often that the chronicler of the events of an Oxford Summer term has so little to tell of Oxford doings, gay or serious, as this year, when everything is overshadowed by the national mourning. Will any of those Who heard it be

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likely to forget the sound of Great Tom tolling for King Edward ?

It may seem heresy to suggest such a thing, but were the Eights less pleasant for being short, late, and much less crowded ? The four days seem to have been quite sufficient from the racing point of view, for the Headship of the river was quite certain after the first three, while there seem many advantages in the new plan.

The most interesting event of the term to us has been the discussion of the statute about the Delegacy for Women Students, which will be found treated at length elsewhere, together with the amendments, which were not passed.

There have been remarkably few meetings of interest or importance this term. Those who went to the High School to hear Mr. Mansbridge on the Workers' Education Association were well rewarded for their trouble. It is not often that one meets a speaker on such a subject as this so well able as Mr. Mansbridge to carry conviction to the hearts of an audience originally more curious than enthusiastic. The Workers' Education Association should be better known among us henceforward.

One hardly knows which is the bolder, Mrs. Fawcett for facing the Union Society in debate on the Suffrage question, or Mr. Hamilton for venturing unprotected amongst us to speak on the Poor LaW 1 But why, oh why ! was there such a horrid gulf of silence at the end of his speech !

Where were the enthusiastic supporters of the Minority Report ? We do not often have two visiiors' Debates in one term, and two such subjects, but one feels that Mrs. Summervell hardly had a fair chance, had hardly expected to find a House so solidly hostile to the cause she advocated.

This week, Oxford- has had the pleasure of hearing Mr. Roosevelt deliver the Romanes lecture. Perhaps it was to honour the great ExPresident that the powers which control the weather sent us such a royal salute of thunderstorms.

Among lesser matters, mention should be made of the result of the Tennis Cup-ties, played this year by setts. We congratulate the winners very heartily. We feel that there is not a proper public interest taken either in the inter-C011egiate ties, or

in the yearly match against Cambridge. It is all very well to say that it is so dull, because we never win, but we have several times lately come very near winning, and an enthusiastic audience might make all the difference.

If it is not indiscreet we should like to be allowed to congratulate Miss Levett (L.M.H.) on her appointment at St. Hilda's, and St. Hilda's on their new History Tutor. We would also offer our best wishes to Miss Clay on her approaching marriage, while welcoming Miss McKechnie from St. Andrews to take her place.

The Hundred Moot met this term to hear Mr. N. A. L. Fisher speak on the subject of Republicanism. In tracing the history of the movement Mr. Fisher maintained that no unbroken tradition could be said to have been handed down from the Romans and Greeks. Even the great Republic of Holland did not represent any effort to revive ancient ideals, that task was left to the r th century.

To the writings of the philosophers, the attempted revolutions of ardent reformers, above all to the rise of the United States Government, Republicanism in Modern Europe may be said to be due. In the first French Republic, the risings in Germany and Italy, real Republicanism first made itself felt in modern history, and with the failure of those movements it too lost its force until it may be said to have ceased to be one of the active forces of politics of to-day.

WE regret that the report of the Central Tennis Club has not arrived in time for press.—ED.

lac lilomanes lecture.

THE ROMANES LECTURE this year was preceded by the ceremony of conferring the D.C.L. degree upon the lecturer. This fact gave additional scope to the personal interest that always centres round this lecture, and few of those present will forget the tout ensemble of the scene at which an Ex-Viceroy of India conferred an academic distinction upon an Ex•President of the United States.

The storm that had descended in heavy torrents

THE FIUTILLAkY. had not prevented either members of the 'University or their guests from attending in full numbers.

The area of the theatre was packed with members who stood shoulder to shoulder and the galleries were thronged. An order for mourning at every attendance on great occasions at the Sheldonian would be a great improvement from an artistic point of view. Never were the red robes of the Doctors as they filed into the semi-circle set off more effectively than by the background of black against which they were seen on Tuesday. Lord Curzon entered into his part with humour and dramatic spirit to welcome " the promised wight Before whose coming comets turned to flight, And all the startled mouths of sevenfold Nile took fright !"

The dramatic interest subsided for the moment when Mr. Roosevelt turned to the biological analogies of history. The lecture was not delivered in full form, but if the analogies suffered a little by this, that could be remedied by procuring a copy in print immediately upon leaving the Sheldonian. Meanwhile most of us heartily echoed Mr. Roosevelt's wish for "readable science books," and followed with great interest his sketch of the development of the fauna of S. America and his remarks on the artificial bonds that prove stronger in natives than bonds of blood. The concluding words of the lecture found Mr. Roosevelt in his own element. In sketching the future of the Anglo-Saxon race, and in insisting that the stability and permanence of a nation lies in its capacity to exercise self-control and develope "grit," Mr. Roosevelt revealed the secret by which he holds his place not only in the hearts of Americans but also of his brothers of the AngloSaxon race who are now welcoming him as their guest.

1Dramattc an0 /11Justcal 'Rotes. down the list of Theatre engagements for the Summer term we immediately marked that of Mr. Martin Harvey as likely to prove popular—an expectation which was confirmed by the inclusion of " Hamlet " in his GLANCING

repertoire. Me. Harvey's Hamlet was much discussed on its production in London some years ago, and suffered from comparison with conceptions of the character as played by two other famous actors at the same period. In Oxford it gained by its isolation, and Mr. Harvey's admirers were not disappointed by the manner in which his melancholy personality took possession of a fresh role. "The Only Way" and " The Breed of the Treshams " were received with the usual acclamations of a touched house.

In the fifth week of term Messrs. Platt and Towers brought two of Mr. Shaw's plays, " You Never Can Tell " and " Arms and the Man." If we are beginning to feel a little weary of the former, we welcomed the latter—which, curiously, is rarely produced—and were rewarded by an excellent performance. We are being provided with a wealth of Shaw and the Shavian.dramatists this term, for we have still to look. forward to Miss Homiman's visit next week.

The visit of Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Benson and Company to the New Theatre was marked by two welcome features–Lthe reappearance of Miss Genevieve Ward in her old role of Volumnia, and the addition of " The Knight of the Burning Pestle " to the usual Shakespearean programme: Those who already admired the talents of the Benson Company were justified in their appreciation by an excellent rendering of Beaumont and Fletcher's famous farce. Acting and staging throughout showed an admirable understanding of the vein of somewhat boistrous ridicule in which this play is composed. If the pedantic mind were inclined to carp at the over-emphasis of points which would not have appealed to the humour of the r7th century playgoer, it must have been conciliated by the management of such details as the by-play, which implied much strength of imagination in the absence of definite tradition. The attitude of the audience is perhaps worthy of comment. On the first production of the play we are told that " the world, for want of judgement or not understanding the privy mask of irony about it, utterly rejected it." Contrary in all points was the reception accorded it last. week, just three hundred years later,

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Our debt of gratitude to the Drama Society is heavily increased by the visit of the Irish Abbey Theatre Company in the fifth week of term. The production was generous—we were given three performances on each of the three nights the Company played. On " Kathleen in Houlihan " the first of the series, a wealth of criticism has already been expended—and happily with more understanding than the other plays have received. We can say no more than that Mr. Yeats has made us see his dream as he had seen it. This was followed by the " Playboy of the Western World," a favourite over here, though it is not produced- in Dublin owing to popular feeling. The antagonism towards the law and its agents which exists in the Western peasant to such an extent that he will help any criminal or malefactor to escape, is a very different thing from the genuine admiration of patricide which Mr. Synge represents. Except for this point the characterisation was excellent, especially that of Pegeen Mike in the last Act. Lady Gregory's " Rising of the Moon," with which the second night opened, is very pleasing in a quiet way, and Mr. Sinclair's clippy vocal antitheses always appeal to that inexplicable sense of humour which if not ingrained in one can never be implanted. Perhaps the most remarkable play of the series was the " Cross Roads," than which nothing nore wonderfully true and tragic has appeared in this age. It is a drama of the Irish peasant marriage and at the same time of the essentials of human life. Brian was just a little wanting as Ellen's ' natural mate,' and this deepened the tragedy and the feeling of inevitability which overshadowed the plan. The entrance of Tom Dempsey at the end of the first Act was an unequalled dramatic touch, We were in need of something soothing after this, and were relieved by " Hyacinth Halvey "—an amusing comedy, though the hero is a little far-fetched. Nothing more could be desired of Mr. O'Rourke in the minor part of Fardy Farrell. Little can be said of the "Shadow of the Glen " ; there is always little to say when an idea has been aimed at and achieved. The whole play was impregnated with the atmosphere of Ireland ; we felt the slow creeping mists and the greyness that is yet so full

of colour. Mr. Boyle's comedy, " The Building Fund," was another absolutely faithful picture of Irish life, and its spirit was in perfect accordance.

An Englishman's humour appears in humorous situations, but an Irishman's is never absent, it runs through all his actions, it is at the basis of his character. Every figure in this play is a minute and detailed study; perhaps•we' might lay stress on the clear-headed, peasant cleverness touched with religion of Sheila O'Dwyer, and the dashes in her character of what is known as a sporting instinct.'

What the plays on the whole excel in is the production of atmosphere with the most absolute realism. One spirit runs through them all. Where else could we see three plays one after another by different writers without being hopelessly confused ? But in the Irish Dramas each one melts naturally into the general picture as a necessary element. The writers are not only poets and lovers of their country, they are dramatic artists of the highest rank. The final touch is given to these plays by the acting. We do not look on it as acting, but as inspiration entirely at one with the author's feeling. Everything combines to form a perfect whole. We can never forget the gentle penetrating effect of Miss Maire O'Neill's voice, like the long-drawn music of the falling of misty Irish rain. The plays indeed are Irish to the core, and will perhaps never be fully understood over here.

When will the conception of the funny Irishman die out ? It loomed large in the audience at the Masonic Buildings. And is there anything essentially humorous in a sheep or a gap ? The mention of these things brought tears to the eyes of some of the spectators, and one is always sorry to miss a joke.

The silence of Oxford's Mourning was broken on the evening of Friday, May zoth, by the performance of Brahms' German Requiem —" In memory of His Majesty King Edward." Though almost impromptu, there having necessarily been so little time for practise, the Concert was aesthetically a most extraordinary success. Dr. Allen's Choir and Orchestra and every member of the crowded audience had one common intention and

THE FRITILLARY.

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emotion which found perfect expression in the music rendered. The atmosphere of mourning was so general that for once the eye did not tease and distract the ear.

Miss Gladys Honey's melancholy clear voice was perfectly suited to the soprano solos, but unfortunately it was not powerful enough for the size of the hall, so that from some distance away it was hardly more than a piteous, thin, but exceedingly sweet wail. Mr. Campbell McInnes sang the bass solos in his round sympathetic voice.

Dr. Allen's Orchestra also played the Funeral March from Beethoven's Eroica Symphony" The Heroic Symphony composed to celebrate the memory of a great man" ; and the choir sang, unaccompanied, that restrained but exquisitely sad Chorale from Bach, " If 1 should e'er forsake thee."

The Ladies' Musical Concerts have been strong this term, particularly perhaps those of May 6th and June 3rd. At the first of these the Grimson Quartet gave a particularly fine performance of Schubert's String Quartet in G major, and Brahms' Quintet in F minor, with Dr. Walker at the piano. On June 3rd the London Trio played Brahms' Pianoforte Trio in C major with great power, and a touch of bright local colour was given to the Concert by the songs of Mr. G. Garrod, delicately accompanied by Mr. H. Ley. The Star of the Balliol Concerts has undoubtedly been Mr. Gervase Elwes, who sang on June 5th.

A most consoling feature of the term to Music students were the two instructive lectures delivered by Dr. Allen on the history and analysis of the Leonora Overtures and Fidelio. The personality of the lecturer and the virile pianoforte illustrations he gave helped to make the lectures quite delightful—and whetted our appetites for more.

was present at a concert given by the Cambridge Musical Club which was so bad that it was hardly up to the level of a modern village concert. Now we find the opera Fidelio being performed in Oxford by an orchestra drawn almost entirely from local talent (only II out of the 65 instrumentalists are professionals from the London Symphony and Queen's Hall Orchestras), by a chorus of local singers ; and of the principals three are Oxford people. It is true that such a performance could only be got up by a conductor of Dr. Allen's extraordinary energy and enthusiasm ; and Miss Rosina Philippi, known in Oxford as Mrs. Dowson, has done wonders with her amateur actors. For the first performance went without a hitch, though the acting—which is natural when few of the actors have ever been on even an amateur stage before—cannot be said to be very life-like. But then, whoever' saw an opera in which it was ? From the musical point of view, however, the performance is excellent.

Both Leonora and Marcelline have charming voices and use them well ; Mr. McInnes is an old favourite in Oxford, and his voice suits the villain's part. Mr. Williams' mournfulness is rather appropriate to Rocco, and Mr. Garrod, after the first moment when his voice was not quite at its best, was a very good Florestanthough, and this is quite professional, he is rather substantial for a prisoner wasted by starvation.

The other solo parts are all well sung ; the choruses are very good, and the orchestra quite extraordinarily so. The only fault to be found with it is that it sometimes drowns the singing, but this is probably largely due to the fact that the Oxford theatre has not got the right accommodation for a large orchestra. In fact the whole performance is quite astonishing when one considers the difficulty of the work, and reflects great credit on Oxford music.

The performance of Beethoven's one and only opera, Fidelio, which is being given under Dr. P. Allen in the New Theatre from June 9=1. 1, is a sign of the enormous growth of the feeling for -music in England during the last 30 years. A German musician told me that 3o years ago he

The Public Classical Concert announced for this term did not take place, owing to the death of King Edward. Instead a special Memorial Concert was given on the evening of Friday, May zoth--the day of the King's funeral. The works performed were a chorale from the St. Matthew

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Passion of J. S. Bach, the funeral march out of Beethoven's Eroica Symphony, and Brahms' •German Requiem. Mr. Campbell McInnes and -Miss Gladys Honey were the soloists. The whole concert was prepared in to days, and -it will be understood that the difficulties were not few, but the conductor, orchestra and chorus worked unsparingly, and the result was worthy of the occasion. The concert was solemn and dignified, and the singing of the chorale at the beginning, with the crowded audience all standing, was most impressive. The funeral march was played very finely, and the performance of the Requiem was extremely good as a whole. The Requiem is a work which shows Brahms at his best. A modern, he has perhaps greater subtlety of expression than the earlier masters, but this is combined with a classical serenity and restraint which points directly back to Bach ; and in the ',performance under Dr. Allen both these sides of the composer were fully emphasized.

torb Ztubents' Iriniteb lbochep Club.

Captain —G. CREIGHTON (L .M. H. ).

Hon. Secretary—C. M. HARTNELL (S.C.).

THE annual match for the inter-University cup was played against Cambridge at Richmond, on March 14th. The team which was finally selected to play was as follows :— Forwards; Misses Almond (H.S.), Hartnell (S.C.), Creighton, Elder, Dalton (L.M.H.).

Halves ; Misses Southwell (S.H.H.), Nolting, Brown (L.M.H.).

Backs : Misses Parsons (S.Hil.H ), Tomkinson (L. M.11 .).

Goal : Miss Mason (S.C.).

The match was lost 9—o, a result which was only to be expected. Oxford was unfortunately very weak in forwards this season, and it was difficult to find a satisfactory arrangement of the five undoubtedly best forwards. It was necessary to Make several changes in the course of the match ; the attack was therefore very weak, but the .

defence played a very plucky game. Unfortunately the left defence was not equal to the right, and the majority of the Cambridge goals were made by attacks on that weak spot. Oxford has to be congratulated on its goal-keeper ; she gave a wonderful display in goal, and the Cambridge forwards gave her every opportunity to show her play. In spite of the score the game was a hard one for both sides, and the general style of the play was good.

Ogforb 5..5tubents' 33)ebating Zocietp.

Tuesday, klay 3rd,

19TO.

Motion :—" lhat this House advocates strong measures against Alien Immigration."

Miss CARR (L.M.H.), the Honourable Proposer, said that the chief objection to the restriction of Alien Immigration was based on the idea that it was Protection ; Alien Immigration unrestricted has not seemed to have done much damage up to the present, but that is because the whole standard of life is higher now than eighty years ago. But the effect of Alien Immigration on our labour market is really immense, because the standard of life of the foreigner is lower and he can undersell our workman. Large sums are spent every year to emigrate our best men while streams of immigrants are pouring in. This is bad for the country.

The Honourable Speaker did not seem quite clear as to what kind of Immigrant she was referring to, but she has a good voice and manner and promises to be an excellent speaker.

Miss CocKsHorr (S.C.), Honourable Opposer, thought it was good for the country to have new blood, new types of mind and new energies. It is a historical truth that England owes her greatness to Alien Immigration.

England is an asylum for religious and political refugees. Act of 1905 provides that the immigrant must haves or be a skilled labourer.

No criminals are allowed in and no one unable to work.

THE FRITILLARY. Miss Cockshott's enthusiasm is very pleasant, but, in common with other idealists, she •has a tendency to overlook facts.

Miss PLOWDON (S.Hil.H.) disclaimed all wish to keep out educated aliens. Alien Immigration should be just from common-sense stand-point.

In the present condition of Labour it is a great injustice to the native labourer. It is not for us to support the unemployed of other countries while we cannot support our own good workmen.

This speech was logical and to the point. Miss Plowdon. should try to speak a little less monotonously.

Miss. SOUTHWELL (S.H.H.) reminded the House that English people as well as aliens do sweated work, and that we are responsible if the aliens are sweated, since they live in our country under conditions we allow. Aliens represent a great deal of capital and commercial energy. It is for us to direct that energy into good channels.

Aliens are all subject on arrival to strict examination. It is the duty of England to turn these people into a benefit to the Community.

A very promising maiden speech delivered in a pleasingly undisturbed manner.

In Public Discussion, n, Miss COOKE (S.H.H) showed, as usual, a sound knowledge of the subject, but should remember to speak more distinctly.

Miss BRANNAN (S.Hil.H.) and Miss RUNE (Norham Hall) gave the House the point of view of other countries.

There also spoke: Miss ODLUM (S.Hil.H.), Miss BisnkE (S.Hil.H.), Miss BIDEN (O.H.S.), Miss HASLAM (S.Hil.H.), Miss CRICHTON. (S.H.H.), Miss RUSHBOOKE (S.C.), MISS SNOW (S.C.), MISS DiSMOOR (S.C.), MiSS BRANNAN (S.Hil.H.), Miss OWEN (S.C.).

The motion wa3 carried by 17 votes.

Tuesday, May 17th.

We were all delighted to welcome Miss Words. worth, who has always taken such a kind interest in the Society. Her charming and interesting speech was one of the features of this term.

Motion " That this House considers comfort-

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able circumstances the ruin of the English character.

Miss BIDEN (O.H.S.), Honourable Proposer, supported the motion on the ground that the typical British virtues of courage and law-abidingness were not developed in comfortable circumstances but needed adversity to develope them fully. She was pessimistic about the future of the British character owing to the present increase in material comfort.

Miss Biden is to be congratulated upon the clearness of her delivery and diction, but she need not take it so for granted that her audience is not with her.

Miss POWELL (L.M.H.), Honourable Oppostr, argued that want of comfort crushes spirituality out of life, and that lack of rest prevents the realisation of man's highest self.

We wish more people would imitate Miss Powell and speak without no:es. Her command of language is also unusually good: Miss WORDSWORTH (3rd Speaker) said that greater comfort leads us away from the realities of life. The present eagerness to save time and labour leaves us little leisure for quiet thought.

The modern tendency to do little or no manual work is bad, most great thinkers of the past were able to use their hands as well as their heads.

Miss WARD (S.Hil.H.) (4th Speaker) regarded the motion from a practical point of view. The mainstay of England is the middle class, who are the only people who spend sensibly and are above the need of troubling over details.

Miss Ward has a good voice, but she should be more careful over the construction of her speech.

In Public Discussion there spoke Miss WORDSWORTH, also the Honourable Opposer, and Miss DOBBS (Ex.-Pies. S.H.H.), in whom the Debate will be sorry to lose one of its best speakers and a most devoted member and able officer, Miss BAYNES (L.M.H.) who made an excellent debating speech remarkably well reasoned and expressed,Niss MARstimay (L.M.H), Miss HILL (S. H. H. ), Miss SKRINE (L. M. H.), Miss SPENCERSMITH (Sec., L.M.H.), Miss CRICK (S.H.H.), Miss LEWIS (S.C.).

The motion was lost by three votes. :

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THE FRITILLARY.

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Tuesday, May 24th, 1910.

Motion: "That- this House considers the recommendations of the Majority Report of the Poor Law Commission to be ineffective and impracticable."

Miss DOUDNEY (S.Hil.H.), Honourable Proposer, said that if the recommendations of the majority were put in force there would be a great increase in- expense without any corresponding gain. There would be multiplicity of institutions, Poor Law Schools side by side with County Schools.

The Majority Report is quite undemocratic, it removes everything from popular control. The voluntary aid committee would be irresponsible.

Miss Doudney ought to be a good speaker since she has both matter and conviction, but her manner is ineffective and her delivery indistinct.

Miss COOKE (S.H.H.), Honourable Opposer, said that a good law should apply to the individual. One characteristic of the Majority Report is the local committee, whose duty is to discover distress and deal with it, who would be able to investigate individual cases much better than a government official.

We are always glad to hear Miss Cooke.

Miss HYETT (L.M.H.) (Third Speaker), wished to point out the ineffectiveness of majorities' schemes against unemployment. There is a lack of national organisation to cope with excess and deficit of labour, there is also no supervision of labour.

The majority leave the final solution of the national problem of unemplOyment to the hands of a local body,- whereas this problem is eminently one for a central"body.

Miss Hyett delivered the best speech of the evening, except that of the distinguished visitor, but her manner can still be improved..

Mr. HAMILTON, non. Sec. to the National Poot Law Reform Association, declared that both majority and minority had same object in view, but differ only as to means. The majority have two great ideals, -that- everyone should lead -

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an independent life, and that it is the duty of Society to see that this ideal is realised.

The majority aim at the prevention of Destitution, which they realize can be spiritual as well as bodily, and that Relief to be adequate must be individual. They have been criticised on the ground that they are undertaking too difficult a task in aiming at gradually restoring men to their full position in society. Voluntary aid is indispensable in finding out cases of destitution.

It is mere travesty of the Majority Report to suggest that one group or Committee is to deal with -the whole mass of problems. There willbe many sub-committees.

The Minority are impracticable rather than the Majority in their attitude to the theories of " the right to work."

The Majority founded their report on the belief that the social conscience was awakening. If the agitation going on would produce desire of power for social service, then the Scheme is neither impracticable nor ineffective.

In Public Discussioll there spoke :— Miss HASLAM (S. Hil. H., fun.-.Treas.), Miss SNOW (S.C.), Miss BICKMORE (S.H.H., Ex-Sec.), Miss SPENCER-SMITH (L.M.H., Sec.), MiSS HONY (L.M.H.), Miss PHILLIPS (S.H.H.).

We note with much regret that public discussion is unnecessarily poor when it should be at its best. .

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The report of the debate held on May 3rst has unfortunately not arrived in time to be inserted in this number. It will appear in the O.S.D.S. report in the Michaelmas number.

CorresponDence.

To the Editor of the Fritillary.

May, 1910.

I trespass on your columns to urge what I am convinced must be the feeling of all Oxford Students, past and present, who watched the United Match this year. Is it not possible for some arrangement to be made by which the team could have more individual and combined practice ?

I do not suggest this lightly, for no one knows better DEAR MADAM,—May

THE FRITILLARY. than myself the difficulties involved in getting a team together, but I cannot help feeling that a real effort ought to be made to produce an XI. more fit to play against Cambridge. Anyone watching the match this year must have been struck by two things :— (t) That there was little or no combination in the team.

(2) That the individual play of several members of the team was conspicuously below the average, such elementary faults as mishits, failures in stopping and taking a pass being frequent.

As these things call for individual and not combined practice, might not something be done towards correcting them in ordinary college games, and so securing a higher standard of play ? It is not in any spirit of carping criticism that I would call the attention of your readers to this very serious matter, but with the hope that some special effort may be made during the next hockey season to bring up the standard of play to that of this year's centre-forward and goal, whose brilliant play was to many past Students the one bright spot in a very dark hour.

I am, Madam, Yours faithfully, M. J. PEW, Ex-Captain S.H.H.

May, 191o.

DEAR EDITOR,—Since correspondence concerning the proposed changes in our magazine is invited, may a faithful reader of the Fritillary be allowed to utter a word of protest on the subject ?

Those who were unaware of the gathering crisis in the fortunes of the paper, will I think be somewhat taken aback by what' I can only describe as the editorial scolding appearing on the first page of the March number. To many, aS I have reason to know, it appears wholly undeserved. Moreover, the proposed changes are so drastic as to presage not the reform, but the entire disappearance of an old and valued friend.

In the first place, why should our charmingly designed and entirely business-like cover be done away with ?

Secondly, what is the objection to the title ? If considered too fanciful, a sub-title would surely meet all requirements.

Then as to the advice to contributors, already mentioned. We are told that " success in reform will depend on the strength of the support given to the Committee." There follows a highly depreciatory criticism of the literary efforts in the past.

Formerly the Fritillary was found to be a useful

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test for the work of writers too shy and too inexperienced to attempt to publish their productions elsewhere. But these editorial warnings if carried into effect will inevitably frighten off such would-be contributors, and the work of original composition will he left to the committee itself, or to a mere handful of the bolder spirits among subscribers.

Or— the magazine will come to a speedy end !

Why is it, Madam, that "few have written for the Fritillary, inefficiently no doubt ; many have not cared to try" ? It is because would-be writers know that only "semi-facetious, or would-be poetic" effusions appear to find favour with the committee.

Those who have long known the magazine remember days when better material seemed to be freely available. And, to reverse a well-known proverb, " Our fathers are not better than we ! " It is rurupured, and generally believed, that interesting and well; written contributions are refused as being too serious for the Fritillary, and that articles rejected a year or two back are now disinterred for publication.

Why, for instance, was an article sent in officially by request of the President of the Oxford Branch of N.U.W.S.S., describing suffrage work in Oxford during the Election, entirely omitted from the March number ? Surely it might have been of interest not only to students past and present who took part in that work, but also to the very numerous members of the Somerville and L.M.H. suffrage societies, and to student members of the Oxford Branch.

If it was omitted on the ground that most of it had already appeared in the Oxford Chronicle, it may be remarked that few students see that paper.

Again, why did such an event as the resignation of the first Principal of Lady Margaret Hall pass without comment ? An editorial notice would have been, to say the least of it, in place.

But since purely destructive criticism is apt to be barren of result, may I be permitted to offer also two suggestions ?

The first is that, while adopting some of the excellent proposals made by your correspondents last term, the committee should at present refrain from altering the whole character and appearance of the magazine.

The second, that possible contributors should be encouraged to write by a more thoughtful selection of the matter offered for publication. Surely the dissatisfied might find encouragement in the thought that while the Oxford Magazine reprints past contributions to the Fritillary, we need not be wholly ashamed of our literary attainments.

The example of plain speaking set us by the " Editorial " of last March has encouraged the present writer (who has no objection to disclosing her identity if desired) to express thus plainly views known to be shared by many other subscribers.

THE FRITILLARY.

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At present, relying on your courtesy to consider, and perhaps to publish the protest of one who has long read, loved and worked for the Fritillary, she elects to sign herself, " SIX YEARS A SUBSCRIBER." As to plain speaking, we are glad to have set so inspiring an example.—ED.

'Reviews.

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THE PROBLEM OF RICHES.

The Camel and the Needle's Eye. Arthur Pon• sonby. (London, Fifield, 1910. 3s. 6d. net.)

The modern social reformer is fully alive to the value of statistics. Detailed studies of social conditions in town and country follow one another in rapid succession. The publication of family budgets has long ceased to be a novelty. On all sides it is recognized that the problem of poverty calls for minute and elaborate scientific investigation. A recent writer in a forcible little book now bids us apply the same test to a new problem—the no less difficult, and, in his eyes, even more serious problem of riches. He would have us picture the ardent investigator arriving note-book in hand at a house in Mayfair or Belgravia, with a string of queries on his lips, as to the number of rooms the house contains, how many people inhabit it, the employment of the man, the health of the children. " In response to the bell the massive front door would sickly open, and out of the darkness of the hall would emerge the solemn figure of an overfed butler flanked by two giants with powdered hair." The interview, it is suggested, would terminate abruptly, and this novel type of caller would be hurled down the steps into the street. Nevertheless, if such an investigation could be made, it would be of enormous use. It would prove beyond doubt that the saying from which the title of Mr. Ponsonby's book is taken is as true to-day as it ever was—that the millionaire is " a social danger," " an impossibility in any decently organised economic State."

These are strong words, yet they are not written in a spirit of class hatred. They come from no labour orator, fulminating against the abuses of a society which he only knows by hearsay, but rather from one who has put himself for the moment in the position of an observer, and who is asking himself what is the true significance of the social conditions which he has been wont to accept as part of the

inevitable order of things. The result of his observation is to convince him that increase of wealth beyond a certain point makes life, not freer nor more rich in opportunity, but merely more fettered and complicated. Such is the iron law of social convention that a large income forces its possessor into a large house, a numerous staff of servants, elaborate meals, and a thousand like additions to what may be termed the scaffolding of life. Far from acting as an incentive to effort, riches tend to create a hothouse atmosphere in which no creative spirit can exist. The rich man's attitude toward life can only be likened to one sitting before a table laden with every variety of appetising foods, the very number and delicacy of which detract from his power of enjoying any of th!m. Everything that the rich man touches, it would seem, is subject to the same blight. ing influence. His estates suffer from the fact that they are beyond the scope of one man's personal administration. His charities are subject to the same drawback, and at best support institutions for which the State should be responsible. Domestic service in large houses is one of the most demoralising of professions. The rich man's son, with the knowledge that he has not his way to make in the world, infuses his school-fellows with his own spirit of idleness.

His sister is in a still sorrier plight. Scantily educated, and limited in her knowledge of the world to the narrow circle which she is taught to regard as the only world that matters, it is the fairest and at the same time the saddest thing to say of her that " She has never had a chance." Beyond the everwidening circles of his dependents, the rich man's influence stretches outward until it culminates in the appalling poverty, the shameful waste of human life at one end of the scale, which is a direct result of the luxury and waste of money at the other. Thus, as the result of this survey of society the main contention of the book is reached, and summed up in a single sentence " That no individual is capable of possessing, spending or administering more than a certain definite amount of money, which can roughly be described as a full competence, without producing positively harmful effects on himself as well as on those affected by his actions."

After his detailed indictment of riches it is something of surprise to discover that Mr. Ponsonby does not advocate the extinction of the millionaire by legislative means. "Any transformation" he is convinced "must proceed from within." Moreover, he carefully refrains from fixing an ideal annual income which can safely be enjoyed by all persons alike.

His "full competence" will vary with every individual, and on the individual alone he rests the responsibility of deciding its exact proportions in each case. "So long as money encourages healthy effort, a man may be sure the limit has not been :

THE FRITILLARY. reached, the moment money tends to relax effort, the limit has been passed." The author is sensible that in order to be true judges of our spending capacity we must set aside the conventions of the particular grade of society to which we happen to belong. Yet our chief hindrance to a right decision, he maintains, is "our devouring, indestructible, over-powering belief in money," which makes every increase in fortune seem "a natural and unquestionable blessing." Thus Mr. Ponsonby aims at nothing short of the creation of a body of opinion which deliberately abandons " the money ideal," and as a step in that direction he has set forth his own opinion in " The Camel and the Needle's Eye." The book tends to defy classification. If at first it invites its readers. to label Mr. Ponsonby as a socialist, it ends by revealing him as the apostle of a somewhat idealistic individualism. Although the author can vouch for the authenticity of his statistics, he does not claim to be a scientific economist suggestive rather than didactic, the interest of his book lies less in the facts which are probably familiar to most of us—than in the point of view from which they are presented. A new point of view, couched in trenchant and vivid terms, flavoured throughout with kindly sarcasm and steeped in sincerity, it is this which arrests our attention—which compels us to think.

C. M. A.

Biography for Beginners. Edited by E. Clerihew, B.A., with 4o diagrams by G. K. Chesterton. (T. Werner Lawrie, 2s. 6d. net.)

I am afraid most people will have read this already.

To those who have not, I recommend it for the wideness of its range. It includes much that is interest. ing and new about such people as Karl Marx, Otto the Great, Cimabue, President Roosevelt, and Job but above all for its extraordinarily interesting index, one of the most complete and exhaustive imaginable.

One or two examples will illustrate this :--

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" Sir Christopher Wren Said, ' I am going to dine with some men.

If anybody calls Say I am designing St. Paul's.' " Index. " A. Abominable deceit, Wren. B. Bankruptcy, moral, Wren. E. Escutcheon, blot on, action involving, Wren. L. Lie, bouncing, circulation of, Wren, Y., Y.M.C.A., unfitness for, Wren. D. Domestic servants, encouragement of dishonesty among, Wren."

When you see under F, " Frigidity of style, attributable to pre-natal influences" (Hum'e), you are not surprised to find this aspect of his genius treated thus in the Life; —

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" That you have all heard of Hume I tacitly assume.

But you didn't know, perhaps, That his parents were Lapps."

The pictures are fine. Notice the illustration of Edward the Confessor Sleeping under the dresser also of Archbishop Odo, Just in the middle of Dodo.

(When he remembered it was Sunday, Sic transit gloria mundi. I had to finish it.) But for treatment decorative yet not extravagant, for sympathetic insight into the value of allegory as a mode of artistic expression ; in short for a noble Allgemeinheit, which can include the sublime and the everyday, turn to the design :-

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" The people of Spain think Cervantes Equal to half-a-dozen Dantes."

To our mind the well-known design of the Poets' corner is far inferior.

These verses are not easy to write.

I tried, and sat up half the night.

But every review Should contain one " Clerihew."

Envoy. Contributors to the Frit'. " B. for Bs." is a model of wit.

A. S. S. San Celestino, by John Aynscough (Smith, Elder & Co., T910) is worth reading.

The story of how Pietro di Murrone was a great saint but a bad Pope occupies the whole book—there is no other incident in it there is no plot and no love interest, yet the reader's attention is held from beginning to end, for the book is full of colour, and poetry, and truth. Moreover, its style is curiously objective; a rare and valuable quality in these days.

M. G. S. ;

The Thrush. (London, Chapman & Hall. is. monthly. Dec., 1909—May, 1910.)

Six months is a short life for a literary magazine which maintained so high a standard of artistic excellence as we find in the Thrush in the first half of this year. The verse which it published shows its object to have been the encouragement and proof of modern poetic inspiration, and in many of its careful prose articles there was solid knowledge, combined with beauty of style and expression. Professor Raleigh's article entitled Silence, in the February number, stands out as an ornament to the magazine which produced it. While it embodies the ideals which make for the appreciation of what is best in poetry, it is consoling in its assurance that a love

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and understanding of the poet is a natural inheritance of all who rightly know the value of big and essential things.

We seem to know John Ford better after reading the article in the January number by H. F. B. Brett Smith, in which the writer speaks with much literary insight of the power and meaning of the melancholy old Elizabethan. The same writer reconciles the shirker of hard facts to the difficulties of English Prosody by his interesting appreciation of Professor Saintsbury's book, which appeared in the May number. Articles such as those on W. B. Yeats, Modern French Poets, and Milarasj5a, are attractive, and give us fresh aspects of their subject.

" Indifference," by A. St. John Alcock. Pilate, the Bard of Breffney, and the Legend of St. Christopher prove the ability of the Thrush to maintain the interest of its readers in longer contributions of verse an unusual achievement to-day. The death of the Thrush in May was a source of regret to many, and a disappointment to lovers of poetry who had found in it a proof that makers of verse were numerous still, and had not lost their art.

G. ;

Poetry is better represented, perhaps, in the earlier numbers, though every month has brought some verses which critics of judgment have found worthy of respect and praise.

Walter de la Mare, Gerald Gould and Laurence Housman contribute work which must have proved inspiring to other less known writers. Specially beautiful is Gerald Gould's I think that I have journeyed, and Walter de la Mare has perfect melody in All that's Past, most of all in the last verse :—

illotices.

LADY MARGARET HALL. TENNIS CLUB (Captain, E. AUSTIN ;Secretary, M. ELDER).—On the resignation of Miss Saunders, Miss

Elder was elected Tennis Secretary. v. Home Students.

Playing Miss Austin, Miss Tomkinson.

Result—Lost, 2 sets—o.

v. St. Hugh's.

Playing Miss Austin, Miss Tomkinson.

Result—Lost, 2 sets—o. v. Somerville.

Playing Miss Austin, Miss Tomkinson.

Result Lost, 2 sets — o. v. St. Hilda's.

Playing Miss Tomkinson, Miss Saunders.

" Very old are we men, Our dreams are tales Told in dim Eden

By Eve's nightingales.

We wake and whisper awhile, But the day gone by, Silence and sleep like fields Of Amaranth lie.

—

Variety in the choice of metre is remarkable and significant of the all-embracing tendencies in modern appreciation of verse forms.

Michaelmas Daisies,-by Norman Gale, has a sug-

Result—Lost, 2 sets—o. v. High School.

Playing 1st Miss Tomkinson, Miss Saunders.

2nd Miss Godwin, Miss Elder.

Result—Won, 4 sets—o. v. Holloway College.

Playing 1st Miss Tomkinson, Miss Saunders.

2nd Miss Godwin, Miss Elder.

Result—Lost, 4 sets—o.

gestive rhythm :— " Ah, quiet breathes at Michaelmas, and love, his bosom sober Has got the perfect song by heart and hums it all the day To thrill me without feverings and tell how Mid October Gives angels for the blossoms that Old Time has borne away."

Night in Valhalla, by H. F. B. Brett Smith, has caught the true spirit of the ancient North and A Fragment, by M. F., is a love-song of a specially beautiful kind. ;

The later numbers are valuable for such poems as Lady Alix Egerton's " 0 little Town," and

BOAT CLUB (Secretary, E. M. V. THOMAS).—The following have qualified this term :In sculling, as Captains, M. G. Vassall, M. Brown Half-Captain, E. B. Kenyon.

In canoeing, M. Elder, S. A. Hony, M. G. Vassall Half-Captains, M. Maton, P. Brierly.

In punting, B. Leary.

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SHARP PRACTICE

(President, Miss POWELL).—There

was a Sharp Shooting Debate in the second week of term, at which motions and the names of speakers were written on slips of paper and drawn by the President. The following motions were discussed :That it is better to sing out of tune than not at all."

"That the idler gets the best out of life." " That convention in dress ought to be abolished."

In the sixth week of term a debate was held on the subject, " Familiarity breeds contempt."

Mover, Miss Saunders Opposer, Miss Myers. '

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THE FRITILLARY. POLITICAL DEBATE (President, Miss POWELL; Whips, That this Miss WILKINSON, Miss POTTER).—Motions : "

House deplores the English attitude of non-intervention in foreign affairs."

Hon. Mover—Miss BURGESS. Opposer—Miss KEYSER. 3rd Speaker—Miss MORRIS. 4th Speaker—Miss SPENCER-SMITH.

The motion was won by a large majority. " That this House deplores the -Veto Bill as contrary to the tradition of the British Constitution."

Hon. Mover—Miss JAMIESON. Opposer—MISS CHATWIN.

3rd Speaker—Miss HEAD. 4th Speaker—Miss MCEWEN.

The motion was carried by a large majority.

ESSAY CLUB (President, A. I. N6LTING).—There have been three meetings so far this term. Papers have been read by Miss Wordsworth on Humour and Satire, by Miss Hony on Dreams, and by Miss Hyett on Mediaeval Records of the Supernatural and some Modern Explanations. At the last meeting of term Miss Keyser will read a paper on Westminster Hall.

FIRE BRIGADE (Captain, B. LEARY; Vice-Captain, M. BURGESS).—One pump and buckets practice has been held in Wordsworth Building. General practices have been held in Old Hall, Wordsworth Building, and Gunfield ; all the houses were cleared quickly.

881

receipts of last summer. The membership of the Society has also gone up from 56 to 75, and this notwithstanding the raising of the annual subscription.

In accordance with the policy advocated by the Executive Committee of the National Union, it was decided that the Society should not take part in the procession organized by the Social and Political Union for June 18th.

At a meeting held on June 17th the following resolution was unanimously adopted, to be sent to Mr. Asquith, on the Society's behalf :— " That this meeting urgently begs the Government to give facilities for the passing into law of The Representation of the People Bill, 1910,' to be introduced by Mr. Shackleton on the 14th inst., believing it to be, as a nonparty compromise for the Enfranchisement of Women, the best solution of this difficult question."

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.—At the beginning of the term a new Committee was elected, viz.,

Leaders, Misses DIXON, DAUNT, COCKSHOTT, KIRCHBERGER, E. WHYTE ;Secretary, HENDERSON.

It was decided that only one meeting should be held in the summer term.

This took place on Saturday, April 3oth, when Mr. Darbishire read a paper on " Recent Progress in the study of Heredity," in which he dealt with Mendel's theories.

He explained the experiments that have been made, the conclusions which have been drawn from them, and pointed out their value in possible future progress.

Nothing has yet been decided about the subjects for discussion next term.

ST. HUGH'S HALL. SOMERVILLE COLLEGE. BOAT CLUB (Captain, L. A. RUCK).—The new puntshed came into use at the beginning of term, and with the money usually spent on the Barge a third punt has been hired. Various accidents have made necessary an Alteration in the swimming test for punting and canoeing.

TENNIS CLUB (President, P. M. WADSWORTH).—It is to be regretted that the enthusiasm shown at the beginning of term has not survived Eights' Week, the general level of play leaves much to be desired.

Cup Matches. We lost to S. Hilda's, 1-2.

We beat L. M. H. 2—o.

We beat O. H. S., 2-0.

We beat S. Hugh's, 2-0.

The cup has therefore returned to us.

Miss Haskins has been elected amember of the Central Club.

College Matches. v. Alexandra Club, won 3-2. v. Reading University, not yet played. v. The Oxford High School, not yet played. v. Holloway, not yet played. v. Westfield, not yet played. ,

SOMERVILLE COLLEGE SUFFRAGE SOCIETY.—The Society has had no lecture this term, but has shown its energy in the Special Effort made during one week. The sum of 47 125. oar, was raised, an increase of ,4"'s over the

TENNIS (Captain, D. KENYON-STOW ; Secretary, WILLANS).—A good deal of keenness has been shown,

M. but the standard of play has not improved as much asmight have been hoped. The following matches have been arranged :Cup Ties. v. L.M.H., won, 2 sets—o. v. S. Hil. H ., won, 2 sets—I. v. O.H.S., won, 2 sets—I. v. S.C., lost, 0-2.

Matches. v. Alexandra Courts, lost, 4 matches o. v. St. Mary's College, Paddington, not yet played.

The following have played for the Hall : M. Godwin, D. Kenyon-Stow (1st couple) ; M. Willans, P. Gwynne (2nd couple).

BOAT CLUB (Captain, M. GoDwiN).—In spite of the uncertain weather prevailing during this term, the Hall boats have been much in request, nearly all the First Year having passed the swimming qualification required. The acquisition of a new double-sculler, known as the Cygnet, has given great satisfaction to all concerned, and the boat has been much in demand during the past few weeks.

A Test was held in the fifth week of term, and qualifications made by the Committee in sculling, canoeing and punting.

SHAKESPEARE SOCIETY (President, J. CooKE).—The Society decided early in the term that a change in author would be advisable the members therefore elected to read Sheridan's " School for Scandal." ;

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BROWNING SOCIETY (President, I. E. H. OTTLEY).— At the first meeting of the term Miss Deneke read a most interesting paper on Paracelsus, which had occupied our minds last term. For the remaining meetings the Society elected to abandon Browning in favour of other modern poets. Wordsworth, Shelley and Keats were read on three consecutive Sundays ; Morris, Noyes and Thompson on the next, and we hope for Huxley, Kipling and Stevenson before the end of term.

Qualified this Term :Boat. Captains, M. Winter, F. Brain.

Punt. Captains, R. Gimingham, L. Parsons.

Half-Captains, H. Masse, V. Doudney.

Canoe. R. Gimingham.

Others hope to qualify before the end of term.

SUFFRAGE

THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.—The Society has been studying an entirely new subject this term—the relation of Philosophy to Art,—which, though chosen independently, has happened to fit in very well with Prof. Henry Jones' course of lectures dealing with this side of Hegel's philosophy. A series of papers have been read to us by Miss Jourdain on "The Philosophic Basis of Art," tracing the various attempts made by ancient and modern philosophers to find such a basis, and the different schools of modern thinkers, mystic, pragmatist and agnostic, who have denied its existence, and finally seeking to reconcile philosophy and art on the lines suggested by Benedetto Croce. The subject has roused particular interest in the Society, and has led to unusually animated discussion.

SHARP PRACTICE (President, G. EDWARDS ; Secretary, H. DAvIS).—The Society has suffered this term from the absence of many of its most distinguished members. The minutes and private business have been an unfailing source of wit and humour. If members would show an equal alertness and enthusiasm in public business, the Society would greatly profit thereby. The House has discussed the degrading influences of Socialistic Legislation and of the Halfpenny Press, the Merits of the pursuit of Pleasure, and was unanimous in regretting the Flight of Time.

ST. HILDA'S HALL. LITERARY SOCIETY. —TWO meetings of the above Society were held this term. Miss Odium read a paper on Maeterlinck on May t2th, and on June 4th Miss Keeling kindly consented to give a paper entitled Imagination in the Theatre. There are now about twenty members of this Society, and the meetings are decidedly interesting.

Miss KEELING ; Captain, H. F. M. BRAIN).—The Club has had a most successful term. Several new members have passed the swimming test and been admitted. The keenness of all members is most satisfactory, and good work has been done in coaching and practising, especially in the punts, which have been. out every day. The canoe and boat have also been out regularly, though the latter is more in request in the winter terms. The standard required for qualifying in any of the boats is high, and care must be taken to keep it so. A word to Captains also not to let their style fall off after they have qualified. The Four has been out regularly ; the crew has much improved in form this term.

SOCIETY (President, M. A. KEELING; HASLAM).—This term the Society has

Sec-

held one meeting, at which Miss Brannan read a very interesting paper on "The Position of Women in America." Miss Brannan pointed out the lack of uniformity in the States.

In some States women had full civic rights, in others they were less free than they were in England, having no opportunities of municipal service. On the whole, in the States there were far more opportunities for professional and business work than in England. Women could be lawyers, ministers, and bankers. We hope next year to have papers on the position of women in the various European countries which members of the Society visit during the Long Vacation. retary, E. M.

The last meeting of the ART CLUB was held on May 2ryth, when Mr. R. W. SCHULTZ gave an address on " Architecture as an Aid to Historical Study." It was illustrated by lantern slides of old houses. The chair was taken by Professor Percy Gardiner.

DEBATING SOCIETY (President, Miss WARD ; VicePresident, Miss HASLAM ; Secretary, Miss PARSONS ; Hall Member, Miss VEITCH).—There have been two

debates this term. The motion of the first, "That this House believes in the existence of Ghosts," was ably supported by Miss Neve, and opposed by Miss Craven. The motion aroused a good deal of interest and discussion—the latter mainly in the narrative style, and was won by nine votes. The stories told all had their points, and many were really thrilling. Altogether, it was an amusing debate, and -excellent relaxation after the arduous duties of the day.

At the second debate, which was a Sharp Practice, the motion before the House was, "That Artificial Aids to Beauty are to be Condemned." No one spoke at great length, owing, perhaps, to the continual intrusion of personalities ! At one stage the debate seemed to be resolving itself into a moral dispute on vanity in human beings in general, and members of the Hall in particular. One or two hon. members seemed infected by the characteristics of the former debate, and kept bursting forth into anecdotes, more or less irrelevant. The motion was lost by four votes.

BOAT CLUB (President, DONCASTER ; rice-Captain,

SOCIETY OF OXFORD HOME STUDENTS. BOATING CLUB (Secretary, M. S. McFiE).—We wish to thank Miss Egerton for her very generous gift of an outrig, which will be in use next term. This term has been marked by a great increase in the keenness of members.

Through the kindness of Miss Fowler and Miss Quick, who have lent boats, we have had the use of an extra sculling boat and a canoe. A punt has been bbught with the money subscribed last summer.

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THE FRITILLARY.

TENNIS CLUB.-At a meeting held at the beginning of term, Miss Wilkinson and Miss Wayte were elected as Committee to assist the Secretary. In the inter-collegiate matches we lost to S.H.H. and S.C., and beat L.M.H. and S.Hil.H. We drew with the Alexandra Club at Summertown (2 couples). -

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COMMON Room (Secretary, P. •M. BISGOOD).—The Common Room has been very generally used this term.

A Social will take place on Friday, June 17th. A photograph of the " Eager-Heart " tableaux, performed by the Home Students' Dramatic Club last Michaelmas Term, has been hung in the Common Room.

883 New Students.

Elizabeth Comet, University of Kiel.

Hilma von Kahlden, Gymnasium, Constance. agdalena Riedel, University of Munich.

Margaret Shepherd, transferred from Somerville College.

Maria Schulz, Teacher in State School, Danzig.

Marguerite Vasseur, Convent of the Blessed Sacrament, Valence.

Ethel Reece Wilkinson, Girton College, Cambridge.

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• PRINTED BY JAMES PARKER AND CO., CROWN YARD, OXFORD.