The Fritillary, December 1911

THE FRITILLAR-v.

DECEMBER, Igu,

Eottor :

Miss JEBB, Lady Margaret Hall. treasurer ;

Miss PHILLIPS, St. Hugh's college.

Committee :

Miss HAY, Lady Margaret Hall.

Miss JERROLD, Somerville College.

Miss HART, St. Hugh's College.

Miss CHETTLE, St. Hilda's Hall.

Miss NAPIER, Oxford Home-Students.

1911.

DECEMBER.

No. 54.

CONTENTS. PAGE

PAGE

EDITORIAL WAR AND PATRIOTISM .

THE PROGRESS OF ENGLISH MYSTICISM, &C. POEM. THE CHIMNEY PROFESSOR HENRY JONES' LECTURE .

OXFORD STUDENTS' DEBATING SOCIETY .

NEWS OF THE TERM OXFORD STUDENTS' CENTRAL TENNIS CLUB OXFORD STUDENTS' UNITED HOCKEY CLUB, HALL MATCHES

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HUNDRED MOOT OXFORD WOMEN STUDENTS' SOCIETY FOR WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE

S. HUGH'S COLLEGE

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S. HILDA'S HALL OXFORD HOME STUDENTS

THE most advanced Radical is at moments innately Conservative, and it is to the Conservative instincts of the readers of the Fritillary that we wish to offer both apologies and re-assurances.

Probably most of our readers have seen the circular letter which appeared on the noticeboards of their respective Halls or Colleges at the beginning of the term. In this letter a wish was expressed that the Fritillary should attain to a somewhat Utopian ideal of excellence. With a view to the nearer approach—if not to the absolute attainment—of this ideal, we thought it advisable that quality and not quantity should be our aim, and that if no contributions of sufficient merit were received, nothing but Hall and College intelligence should be published.

It has been felt by many that the Fritillary should be more representative of the life and thought of Oxford Women's Colleges than it has been in the past, and that its pages should—in form as well as in matter—bear the stamp of University culture.

We are anxious to assure all those who have the welfare of the Fritillary at heart, that we have no wish to break with past traditions, or to offer them only for their intellectual enjoyment the useful but somewhat unsatisfying paragraphs on matters of purely local interest. We are convinced that contributors will come forward in the future as they have done in the past, who will make the highest traditions of Oxford the traditions also of the Fritillary.

We would conclude this apology for any display of apparently revolutionary tendencies with a special request that old students would contribute

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HALL NOTICES :-

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ENtortal.

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LADY MARGARET HALL

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SOMERVILLE COLLEGE

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more than they have done in former years—for as Oxford lives as much by its past as by its present, so no paper can be really representative of Women's University life, unless it is supported and reinforced by the thought of other generations.

Mar anb Vatrtotism. is no longer accounted a virtue ; this statement is undoubtedly true, at least as regards England.

This noteworthy change in our moral code has been so gradual, that it still comes as a startling discovery to us ; nevertheless, the causes of the change are not far to seek.

In the first place, a prolonged peace has made us forget the necessity of self-defence, as we have also forgotten the horrors consequent to a war.

All the instincts of the age outwardly seem humanitarian and peaceful, but while our thinkers are dreaming of a universal peace Conference, it is possible that practical men may feel themselves on the very verge of a desperate struggle.

Moreover, social problems seem the all-important study of the day. Our best men have given their whole attention to this engrossing subject, and in the ennobling toil for the welfare of others they have learnt to overlook the boundaries of nationalities; their work promises to benefit the down-trodden in all countries of the civilised world. But we must beware lest we PATRIOTISM

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THE FRITILLARY.

forget that this fine cosmopolitan spirit is not shared by all, or even by most of the other inhabitants of Europe ; the awakening shock may be rough and rude.

Our very insularity—the reason of our early development as a nation, the factor that produced the one Englishman out of the many elements, and made that Englishman more odiously selfsatisfied, and loyal even to the faults of his home, than the inhabitant of any other country--this insularity, by giving us apparent immunity from attack, has been one of the causes of our present cosmopolitan spirit: This so-called cosmopolitanism, however, should be subjected to criticism. Is it the rare quality it sounds, or is it perhaps an affectation ? Is it ,rooted in unselfishness, or perchance in the reverse ?

When it -is the dreamer who speaks in the accepted cosmopolitan style, we of course attribute to him the purest of motives.

When it is the socialist agitator, declaiming his jumble of real beliefs and popular cries, we dare not undertake the task of disentangling the real from the sham.

But when it is the working-man, who laughs at the notion of defending his country, saying that a German master would pay him better wages than an Englishman, then we are brought face to face, abruptly, with the undreamt of depth of sordidness and selfish greed that is rife through the country.

We are struck dumb as we realise that our countrymen have really been taught to speak in this tone.

It is not for us here to expose the gross ignorance shown by such a remark. It needs but a small knowledge of recent history for us to be only too certain that the condition of a conquered country is one of such intense misery and depression that it is acutely felt by all classes. It needs no great economist to show that a drain on the resources of the country is always first felt by the poorest.

The depth of selfishness to which we have sunk is only too manifest if we compare our attitude towards a war with that of the Frenchman of 187o.

We English dread any personal discomfort ;the behaviour of the country during the recent railway strike showed an entire lack of any sympathy with either party, and instead, a cowardly dread of being brought to any discomfort or suffering.

Our dread of war has its roots in individual selfishness and cowardice. It is an ominous sign for the future.

In France forty years ago, the attitude, the whole point of view of the nation, was entirely different.

In spite of the inferiority of their arms, even in spite of the treachery of their officers, the whole of France, down to the youngest child, and the

most wretched beggar, was ablaze with patriotism and the desire for war.

No one dreamt of considering their personal hardships in the same breath with the welfare of the nation.

It is noteworthy that when Strassburg capitulated for sheer want of ammunition, that the citizens on seeing the white flag on the cathedral spire, filled the streets with their sobbings of misery and of impotent rage at the disgrace. One shudders at the thought that an English town might almost have rejoiced at the conclusion of their hardships !

It is a sad fact, but true, that a war, with its sorrows and suffering, brings forth a better and braver spirit, and cleaner and purer blood, to a nation corroded with selfishness and luxury.

In war, man faces all sacrifice ; his own life is lightly thought of; the lives of those he loves may have to be sacrificed. Women learn something harder than facing danger; they learn to look continually on su ffering, and to be strong and silent.

The men and women of Italy, while she was gaining her freedom, were a stronger race than we ; so it is with any nation struggling in the toils for some ideal.

And such a struggling nation knows how to hate IIn England we do not know what hatred is, but surely there is something ennobling even in hatred when it is inspired by love for one's country and one's countrymen.

This comparison is not meant to show that suffering, misery and hatred should be sought for themselves ; such an idea is absurd.

But a comparison with those who have been strengthened and beautified by trial, serves to accentuate our own shortcomings.

Surely we can become braver and more unselfish as patriots without passing through the ordeal of a war •surely we have not sunk so far as to need that ultimate remedy to awaken us to a better spirit !

Let our whole prayer for the nation be a prayer for courage.

the Vrogress of Sitglisb with special reference to the Ikiediceval Writers.

MYSTICISM is an attitude towards life, and, as such, may be compared with the two universally recognised standpoints of. Art and Science. The scientific view of life takes natural phenomena as the primal realities, and from a careful study of these induces further truths. It is therefore purely objective. Art, on the other hand, lays stress on the individual and particular. There is no such thing as wholly objective Art. Art is

THE FRITILLARY. the concrete expression of truth as conceived by the individual mind.

With both these points of view Mysticism has something in common. The mystic, like the scientist, strives to be objective so that he may behold the vision of reality, but reality for him is the spiritual. Burne-Jones expressed the attitude of the mystic when he said " I love the immaterial ; you see it is these things of the soul that are real—the only real things in the universe."

Again Mysticism, like Art, is based on perception. But the artist embodies permanent spiritual truths in concrete form. The mystic aims only at perceiving the vision of the spiritual. The question of expression is purely secondary. And the mystic who is also an artist is very different from the pure artist. The ideal of the artist is— to quote Burne-Jones again—" to make God incarnate for the world"; the ideal of the mystic is first of all to see God, and then, if he be an artist, so to paint the world that other people may see Him too. The end of the artist is expression, that of the mystic symbolism.

Mysticism unites in an extraordinary way both the objective and the subjective elements. For the mystic, as for the scientist, his vision is the all-important thing. There is no desire for selfexpression, no insistence upon the personal standpoint. But it is the irony of this position that the vision, which can only be seen clearly by a rejection of personal bias, rests for its first perception upon a faculty in the soul of the mystic himself, somewhat akin to that " creative sensibility " which is the first condition of a poet.

It is this personal element, this power of perception and of realisation, which separates the mystic from the believing Christian and from the religious writer. These may have the same ideas as the mystic, and may rule their lives by the same standard, but the mystic alone is essentially guided not by Faith but by intuition or vision.

Mysticism is a perception of the spiritual, but it is in itself a thing of this world, an intermediate stage. The angels of heaven are not mystics because there there is only one value of things.

There is only one Thing to see, and one way of seeing It. Kipling's heavenly artist, whose standard of work is to be God's not man's, who shall "Paint the thing as he sees it for the God of Things as they are," is essentially the mystical artist of this world ; and he is a mystic because, living in the material world, he yet measures things by the standard of the spiritual. Mysticism is that faculty by which man, living in a world where the daily realities are the things of sense, yet perceives the vision of the spiritual, and in the light of that vision, sees all things in their real, that is spiritual, value. For him, indeed, "all things abide eternally as they are in their proper places." And if there is an element of paradox

in all mysticism, if the message of the mystic is always "Gird and thou shalt unbind, Seek not and thou shalt find, To eat Deny thy meat ;

"And thou shalt be fulfilled With all sweet things unwilled,"

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this is easily explained by the fact that mysticism rests on a perception of the spiritual value, and that the spiritual and material standpoints are at opposite poles.

But though mysticism sets so much store by the spiritual value of things, it yet implies a recognition of two possible values. When Crashaw exclaims in his Nativity Hymn :

" Welcome all wonders in ore sight, Eternity Shut in a span, Summer in winter, day in night, Heaven on earth, and God in man !"

he is not mystical in the least. There are no two values ; there is no question of Christ being God in the supernatural order, and man in the natural order, or vice versa ; He is one just as naturally or just as supernaturally as He is the other.

But the following lines of Blake, for instance, are a summary of all mysticism :

" To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour !'

and they are so because they acknowledge the material and the spiritual value of things, and deliberately regard the spiritual.

If we look for the beginnings of English mysticism, we shall find that though there are no definitely mystical writings before about the twelfth century, the mystical element is found in earlier writings, and may even be said to be inherent in native Old English literature. The "exile tradition," for instance, pervades Old English poetry.

There is a certain note of wistfulness and longing, which, under Christian influence, merges into the desire of the pilgrim in this world for that City of God which is the theme of so much medieval song. Again, there is the oft-repeated refrain of the transitoriness of all earthly things, which reminds us of the continual burden of the mystic, " All things pass away, and thou too along with them " • and the pagan heroism, which looked forward to no after-life save in the memory of men, gladly took refuge in the hope of a blissful immortality, promised with a peculiar certainty to those who willingly withheld themselves front the pleasures of this life. And this fleeing from present sorrow to the contemplation of eternal joy shows itself in so early a poem as the "Phoenix," where the poet dwells with visible delight on the beauties of that blessed land, where '

" the trees " Stand green for ever, just as God bade them."

THE FRITILLARY. Early English literature abounds in religious writings, some dogmatic and allegorical, but the majority purely devotional. And it is in these that the mystical element is manifest. There are endless prayers to our Lord and our Lady, and various poems, the " Wooing of our Loid," the " Song of Love," the " Lovesong of Our Lord," somewhat resembling the Canticle of Canticles.

These unite the various mystical tendencies of the earlier poetry. Perhaps the most mystical, and certainly the most beautiful, of these early writings is the " Soul's Ward." Prudence, the guardian of the soul, is represented as being approached by a heavenly messenger, who introduces himself thus : "Hearken now then, and truly understand, that I am the messenger of mirth, and the admonition of eternal life, and am called the ' Love of Life,' and I come straight from heaven, where I have seen now, and oft before, the bliss that no man's tongue may tell of." This bliss is, as the mystics are never tired of saying, the contemplation of God, in Himself, by the essence of the soul. " Worship God as He is, with thy substance as thou art." Love of Life' then describes the happiness of the blessed : " Their life is the sight of God, and the knowledge of God, as our Lord hath said. This is eternal life,' He said, to see and know the true God, and Him that He hath sent, Jesus Christ our Lord, for our redemption.' And they are therefore like Him in the same form that He is, for they see Him, as He is, face to face."

From the thirteenth century onwards, several mystical writers are prominent, and it is from them that we arrive at the general conception of medimval mysticism in England. Among them are Richard Rolle of Hampole, Walter Hylton, the author of " The Divine Cloud of Unknowing," and Mother Juliana, of Norwich. Augustine Baker may also be mentioned here, though chronologically he belongs to the sixteenth century.

As has been stated, all these writers were religious, and their idea of mysticism is based upon mystical theology as formulated by Saint Thomas Aquinas.

But they unite in regarding mysticism as a matter, not of reason, but of pure intuition. " Love may reach to God in this life, but knowledge never."

But the personal element is not forgotten. These early mystics are insistent that mysticism depends not only upon vision, but on a deliberate action and state of the will. The vision, or the promise of the vision, was a religious vocation ; the act of will required was the choice of the contemplative, or religious, as opposed to the active, life. Contemplation is thus defined by Baker "There is a mystic contemplation, by which a soul, without discoursings and curious speculations, without any perceptible use of the internal senses, or sensible images, by a pure, simple and reposeful operation of the soul, simply regards God as infinite and incomprehensible verity, and with the whole bent of the will rests in Him." The mystical idea of :

love is based upon this conception of the perfect state as the union of mind and will with God. " Love is a burning desire for God, with a wonderful delight and certainty. Love is a life joining together the loving and the loved. Love makes us one with God ; love is the flower of all virtues."

This union with God leads to the regarding of everything from the spiritual standpoint. The meaning of suffering, for instance, is found in the sufferings of Christ. In the early Prayer to our Lord, the writer exclaims " 1Viay anyone ever hope to he clasped between Thy blissful arms in heaven, unless he previously here have cast himself between Thy piteous arms on the Cross ?

Through that lowly embracing we may come to the exalted one. He who would embrace Thee there, even such as Thou art there, Lord of light, must previously embrace Thee here, even as poor as Thou madest Thyself for us. Let no man think to ascend easily to the stars."

Again, it is the insistence on the spiritual value of things that sets such store by desire. " The life of a Christian man on earth is nothing else but a holy desire." " Whoso had a true desire to be in heaven, then would he that same time be in heaven. For the pathway thither is run by desires." And again, " So much land as thou canst tread upon with thy foot of true desire, so much shalt thou have in the land of Promise."

Outward revelations, such as visions and miracles and bodily observances, are also to be judged and appreciated by their spiritual value, but because they have a spiritual value they are to he reverenced. " All the revelations that ever saw any man here in bodily likeness have ghostly meanings. And therefore let us pick off the rough bark, and feed us from the sweet kernel."

But, "we will not feed us of the fruit to despise the tree, nor so drink, that we shall break the cup after we have drunken. The tree and the cup are the visible miracles, and all seemly bodily observance. The fruit and the drink are the ghostly meanings of the visible miracles. If they be true, why should they then be despised ? For men will kiss the cup because there is wine therein." But though it is the spiritual aspect of things on which the mystic dwells, material things are not to be despised. " God forbid that I should separate what God hath joined together—to wit, the body and the spirit ; for God will be served with both body and soul in the bliss of heaven."

The conception of the visible world does not find much place in the writings of the mediaeval mystics, except in those of Mother Juliana, of Norwich, and her idea of the world is extraordinarily different from that of later mystics.

More than her contemporaries she recognises the beauty of the world " Well I wot that heaven and earth and all that is made is great, large, fair, and good." But she has the mystical realisation of the true proportion of things. She describes thus a vision shown to her by our Lord " In :

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THE FRITILLARY. this He showed a little thing, the quantity of a hazelnut, lying in the palm of my hand. . . . I

looked thereon with the eye of my understanding, and thought, What may this be ? ' and it was answered generally thus : It is all that is made.' I marvelled how it might last, for methought it might suddenly have fallen to naught for littleness.

And I was answered in my understanding, It lasteth and ever shall ; for God loveth it. And so hath all thing being by the love of God.' • But what beheld I therein ? Verily the Maker, the Keeper, the Lover.

Of this needeth us to have knowledge, that us liketh naught all thing that is made, for to love God, and have God, that is unmade."

From the twelfth to the fifteenth century was the most prolific age of English mysticism, but there was always a certain mystical tendency which was never quite lost. Even in the sixteenth century we have Marlowe, who, in a more favourable age, might easily have been a mystic. He has the immensity of desire, the " divine discontent" of the mystics, though he expresses it in the most artistic and concrete way. Spenser also had great influence on subsequent thought in England. His theories of Heavenly Love and Beauty, and of Contemplation as kindling the love of God in man, and thereby uniting the soul to God, are intensely mystical. But just because they are theories, Spenser himself cannot be called a mystic. Nevertheless, his exaltation of all beauty as the reflection of the divine is the heritage of later poets, and from this time onwards the mystical conception of the world is the direct inverse of the mediaeval conception. The attitude of the early mystics was that of the Apostles after the Transfiguration : " Looking up they saw no one, but only Jesus." Union with God was their end, and they " made all the world, as it were, a footstool to their feet, in order to reach up to heaven "; or, as Mother Juliana puts it : "For a soul that seeth the Maker of all things, all that is made seemeth full little." But Traherne expresses the attitude of the modern mystics when he says : "The world is a mirror of infinite beauty, yet no man regards it. . . . It is the Paradise of God. It is the place of Angels and the Gate of heaven.

When Jacob waked out of his Dream, he said : God is here, and I wist it not. How dreadful is this place. This is none other than the House of God, and the Gate of heaven.' " From the seventeenth century onwards, the mystical poets are those who realise certain aspects of mysticism. The meaning of pain, for instance, is interpreted spiritually. Take for example the following lines of Blake : " Joy and woe are woven fine A clothing for the soul divine ; Under every grief and pine Runs a joy with silken twine.

5 It is right it should be so, Man was made for joy and woe ; And when this we rightly know, Through the world we safely go."

And Meredith : "sure reward We have whom knowledge crowns, Who see in mould the rose unfold, The soul, through blood and tears."

Again, the doctrine of desire is often repeated.

Traherne says : "Be sensible, of your wants, that you may be sensible of your treasures. Be present with your want of.a Deity, that you may be present with the Deity." And Browning insists upon the value of desire or hope : " All we have willed, or hoped, or dreamed of good shall exist, Not its semblance but itself ; no beauty, nor good, nor power Whose voice has gone forth, but each survives for the melodist When Eternity affirms the conception of an hour."

Wordsworth and Meredith are mystics chiefly in their conception of earth as a spiritual unity : " She being spirit in her clods, Footway to the God of Gods."

But Francis Thompson's vision is more truly mystical still : " Hidden stars by the shown stars' sheen ; (And a million suns are but as one); Colours unseen by the colours seen, And sounds unheard heard sounds between, And night is in the light of the sun.

Hidden stars by the shown stars' wings, (And a million cycles are but as one), And a world with unapparent strings Knits the simulant world of things ; Behold, and vision thereof is none."

And further, he realises the spiritual value and meaning of outward revelation. He has all the artist's love of concrete beauty for its own sake, yet all the mystic's insistence on the spiritual, as opposed to the material, aspect. He says that God " Sets to measure of man's feet No alien tree for trysting-place ; And who can read, may read the sweet Direction in his Lady's face.

Of her, the way's one mortal grace, Own, save thy seeing be all forgot, That truly God was in this place, And thou unblessed knew'st it not.

But some have eyes and will not see ; And some would see, and have not eyes ; And fail the tryst, yet find the Tree, And take the lesson for the prize."

On the whole, the only fundamental characteristics which unite English mystical writers throughout the ages are, first, the attitude of vision or intuition ; and, secondly, the insistence on the spiritual value of things. But the medixval writers must be considered to be the most truly

THE FRITILLARY. mystical, because they alone experienced the direct vision of God, which should be the centre and circumference of all mysticism.

S. E. J.

IDOC111. " Calling from the world of toil, a voice Echoes down the cloisters dim of Academe."

WAKE from slumber, for the trees are casting shadows On the water, long and low ; And the time is past for dreaming and for visions ; For the busy world is waiting, still is waiting, As you know.

You have sought for truth and striven late and early, Yet have found not what you sought.

In the mart of knowledge truth may ne'er be chaffered ; It is ever as a gift, to be accepted But not bought.

Cease from seeking, cease from striving for its tokens With the eagerness of youth.

For wherever there is life in all its beauty, And wherever there is love in its fulfilment, There is truth.

Ube Cbininep.

HE was an enthusiast on chimneys ; they were his pet hobby to which he devoted much time and thought, and with which, alas ! he wearied his friends. The time was soon approaching when he would retire from his profession, and for some years it had been his earnest endeavour to decide on the ideal style in which he might build the little house where he and his wife would spend their remaining years. But the chimneys were always the difficulty. He knew Many modern houses which pleased him, yet how could he bear to live under a modern chimney, that soul-less, featureless object, well-suited to an utilitarian age.

On the other hand, it was hard to find an ancient house which had so far escaped the hands of the so-called restorer, that its chimneys were in a state of pristine beauty. They might seem to the uninitiated eyes of his friends to be in perfect harmony with the building, but his sensitive eye would always detect some flaw, some departure from the original perfection of design.

At last, one day on his wanderings, inspiration seized him. In a remote village he came suddenly on what he felt to be the ideal chimney for his future abode. Mellowed by time, it stood out against the evening sky, a thing of grace and beauty.

His practised mind rapidly imagined the accessories, a house worthy of the chimney, a garden with flagged paths and herbaceous borders, a dove-cot and a sun-dial. Alack ! for the reality of the picture. This noble chimney surmounted two wretched cottages, whilst a third joined to them had a hopeless chimney of its own. Making a sketch of the beautiful object he went his way, determined to build his house without more delay.

Yet the picture of the ancient chimney haunted him. How could he in a new building reproduce that aspect of venerable age, that mellow hue, those softened outlines ? He would buy that chimney ! But the owner of the cottages was strangely obdurate. He must buy all or nothing.

Behold him now persuading his wife to retire with him to that lonely spot. She demurred at first, but she was an understanding woman, and knew that the male mind having once embraced a cherished idea, would hanker after it for ever. So she gave in gracefully, as women do, and remembered that the train service to London was neither so very bad nor so very dear.

Then followed a period of happiness, whilst with extreme :care the hovels were pulled down round the beloved chimney, and a little house to harmonize with its beauty grew up in their place.

When the next autumn came round the friends of the .chimney's new owner looked forward to an introduction to its glories, for they had already received, several months in advance, an invitation to the house-warming. • It was a gloomy afternoon when they arrived in the little village, and they hoped that a blazing fire was lighted under the famous chimney. There stood the little house, there stood a smiling hostess, the flagged paths were there, flower-beds which promised glories in the spring, even some doves (or were they pigeons ?) wheeled obligingly round the dove-cot, and conspicuous amongst others, which obviously imitated it, rose the oft-discussed chimney.

Yet the host was a little disappointing. At times he talked feverishly, drawing their attention to the beauty of the surrounding country, the sheltered position of his garden, the undoubtedly antique sun-dial, the south-facing verandah where he and his wife hoped to have al fresco meals.

Then again he would relapse into a gloomy silence quite alien to his usual geniality.

When at last they entered a charming hall with an oak staircase to the gallery above, no cheerful fire welcomed them on the wide hearth, and the guests were glad to reach a cosy room, with all the light and warmth they longed for. Suddenly one Of them exclaimed that a formal introduction to the beauties of the chimney had been omitted.

THE FRITILLARY. With a muttered apology about a stray dog and the flower-bed, the host hurriedly left the room.

But his wife turned to the guest with a smile. " Ah ! my dear," she said, " we don't mention that chimney nowadays, it is the only one in the house under which a fire smokes."

ANON.

Professor lbenry 3-ones' lectures.

PROFESSOR HENRY JONES is this year giving the last of his courses of lectures in Oxford. The subject is " Spiritual Realism," his own philosophy, and so far the audiences have been both large and keenly interested.

In his first lecture, Professor Jones took as text for his course a quotation from Prof. Bradley's epitaph on Nettleship ; " He taught to many the greatness of the world and of the mind of man."

He showed how both realists and spiritualists had exalted one of these elements at the expense of the other, how Kant had seen the greatness of both, and spent his life unsuccessfully striving to reconcile them. To do so was the lecturer's own task. He wished to show that sense does not obscure but reveal, that man's nature does not consist of two conflicting portions, but that everything within him may be made the organ of a higher life. Duty lies not in renunciation but in development and consecration. Passion conflicts with desire because each would seek a perfect moral order. It is this strife which raises man ; his natural destiny is to make for truth and goodness, it is wickedness and ignorance which are unnatural. " This," said Prof. Jones, " is the doctrine I should like to establish ; this is the ruling conception which gives to our age its distinguishing characteristic; this is the dream and theory of poets and philosophers."

The second lecture opened with a brief summary of realist and idealist tenets, their partial verities, true affirmations and false negations.

The lecturer then proceeded to justify his search for truth by the analogy of each man's search for goodness. Philosophy is as personal a matter as virtue; indeed there is a close likeness between the pursuit of the three great ideals, goodness, vidualises beauty, and truth. Just as beauty indi itself, so that no two works of art are alike, but each stands self-justified, so truth individuates itself in different systems of philosophy. There can be no one fixed and complete philosophical system. Each is true, not in virtue of its general but of its personal element. Philosophic systems are not antagonistic one to another, any more than are great works of art. Not one can be lost without impoverishing the world.

A plea for individuality formed the basis of

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the third lecture. May we not, said Professor Jones, admit with the Hegelians not only unity and difference but also unity in difference ? If we consider the search for goodness, it will be seen that, like art and philosophy, virtue has certain great and inviolable laws, and yet that every great character bears the stamp of uniqueness. Do men's differences arise from their limitations ? Are good men merely complementary ? If so, greater limitations will entail wider and deeper differences. But experience flatly contradicts this. True, reason unites men's convictions, and unity deepens as men grow wider, but this unity is not developed at the expense of independent individuality. Great men differ more than small ones, Dante and Shakespeare more than two minor poets. The difference depends • on the manner and degree of their participation in the universal. Man gains individuality by entering more fully into the truth inscribed in the nature of things.

This subject was continued in the fourth lecture. What is universal in man, repeated the lecturer, makes him individual. A self is significant because it is comprehensive ; it is invincible if the great powers of the world have entered into it. The idea that personality means loneliness comes from the exclusive consideration of the moment when we retire into our own thoughts and form our own volitions. It is assumed by some that knowledge of the self precedes knowledge of the not-self, and many bridges have been built to span the gulf between consciousness and the outer world. This is a most dubious doctrine.

The first action of the spirit is that of detachment from the environment which at first seems almost to submerge it. The self and the riot-self come into view together and in their contrast, as man through an act of consciousness gathers himself into himself. The isolation of the self is therefore our own action. The personal content of each man's experience is the objective world with some of its meaning set free. Why should dualism therefore rend man and the world asunder ?

Another objection raised against unity in difference is that the distinctive personality of certain men is due to the peculiar nature of the position which they occupy ; each man sees good from his own angle. This is a half-truth. A thing is not destroyed by the conditions of its existence ; the conditions of seeing do not prevent us from seeing aright. Reason in the form of volition always particularises, while in its intellectual activity it tries to generalise. Every act is good only in its own context. Little virtue is required to desire good and condemn evil in the abstract.

The will must particularise, as an artist embodies his own vision. Behind particular strivings there is an unlimited power towards which man reaches through his immediate personality. A moral act is done in the service of good conceived as absolute. Thus while personality is intensely par-

.

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8

THE FRITILLARY.

ticular, yet in art, philosophy, and religion it is in direct contact with the absolute, as " the plenipotentiary of a great authority." In the name of the absolute we go forth to seek truth, beauty, and knowledge.

•

•

It has been remarked that in these lectures Professor Jones is in close accordance with certain ideas of M. Bergson, that he has, indeed, unconsciously steeped himself in the thought of that great philosopher. This would not be surprising at a time when the whole world is sharing the fruits of Bergson's inspiration and labour. But although we may perhaps trace this effect in the lectures before us, it seems likely that Prof. Jones has been more directly influenced by the Hegelian theory, while .Bergson has felt the influence of many other scientific and psychologic developments. Bergson combines scientific and logical power with a wealth of vivid illustrations, while Prof. Jones is essentially an artist. Both agree as to the necessity of opening the mind to all truths, even although they be apparently conflicting. Bergson's philosophy is more many-sided, more farreaching, more revolutionary, while that of Prof.

Jones is almost purely evolutionary. The latter, however, possesses a wonderful .and inspiring personality, together with a poet's mind and tongue, and a natural genius for teaching. The interest and usefulness of his lectures is not confined to those who study philosophy. From a purely literary point of view they are excellent, and from a practical and moral standpoint still more valuable.

D. I.

Ogforb Ztubents' Mebating %ocietp.

Trinity Term, 19 7 I. President—Miss CARR (L.M.H.).

Secretary—Miss SournwELL (S.H.C.).

Junior Treasurer—Miss MORRIS (L.M.H.).

Public Business.—Motion : "That this House emphatically denies that Examinations are any Test of Ability."

Hon. Mover—Miss PYM (S.H.C.).

Hon. Opposer—Miss MYERS (L.M.H.).

3rd Speaker—Miss AINSLIE (S.H.H.).

4th Speaker—Miss WAYTE (O.H.S.).

The Hon. Mover, in an amusing well thought out speech, alluded to the present state of acute depression to which people of undoubted ability were reduced at the prospect of Schools. If examinations were a true test, she argued, that their ability was about to be recognised, they ought by rights to have no cause for dismay. The fact was, however, that the test offered was recognised as

being futile. Miss Pym then alluded to the many virtues and types of ability that do not count in examinations—social virtues, games, sympathy and so forth. Examinations, she contended, do not honour the best in man.

Miss Pym possesses fluency, a good delivery, and a sense of humour (always a welcome element at debates), and, though she did not always keep strictly to the point, made a very good maiden speech. We hope to hear her many times in the future.

The Hon. Opposer upheld that the whole object of education is knowledge in its widest sense.

Examinations test your true ability since they prove how you can best utilise that knowledge.

They provide a stimulus to work and restrain a tendency to shirk facts, and ability is proved by the power of controlling and organising these facts.

An examiner can gauge far more than the actual knowledge of the question set, through the manner and style of answering.

Miss Myers went on to contend that Examinations are an ideal, " The realisation of the poet's dream," and that the only reason they fall into disrepute is on account of external factors—in . competent examiners (the combined qualities of Job, a first-class surgeon, and an ideal O.S.D.S. Sec. being apparently needed to produce a really perfect specimen), and such catastrophes as cramp, falling chimney-pots, and a mislaid fountain-pen.

In conclusion she demanded—what would become of Oxford if it were not for examinations ?

An excellent and well-delivered speech. Miss Myers spoke with a thorough knowledge of her subject, and the assurance of one who is safely through the perils of schools.

3rd Speaker (S.H.H.), based her objections to the system of examinations on two grounds.

First, she objected because in examinations so' much depends upon chance. It is mere chance that the victim may be asked some question he knows ; the standard again alters according to the candidates.

And secondly, the speaker objected because so much necessarily depends upon individual temperament in the examination test. The competition must be unequal between those unequally burdened with nerves.

Miss Ainslie is to be congratulated on a pleasant and promising maiden speech.

4th Speaker (O.H.S.), objected to the standpoint of the last speaker, on the ground of the distinction that she made between knowledge and ability.

She proceeded to enumerate the qualities aimed at by education, which are also essential to success in examinations, viz. promptness, quickness, presence of mind, and judgment. She clinched her argument as to the necessity of knowledge by showing that ability is nothing more or less than the use made of knowledge.

Miss Wayte furthered the argument of her side

THE FRITILLARY. by examining more deeply the essential facts, and by criticising the terms used by her opponents.

There spoke in Public Discussion for the Motion —Miss JEBB (L.M.H.), Miss MADGE (L.M.H.), MISS MERIVALE (L.M.H.).

Against the Motion—The Hon. Opposer, Miss JAMISON (L.M.H.).

There voted for the Motion, 22. Against, 47.

Michaelmas Term, x911.

President—Miss WAYTE (O. H.S.) Secretary—Miss CRAVEN (S.H.H.).

Junior Treasurer—Miss ODLUM (S.H.H.) Oct. 24th.--Motion : "That in the opinion of

this House the Rural depopulation of this Country is inevitable."

Hon. Mover—Miss LITTLEWOOD (L.M.H.).

Hon. Opposer:—Miss ARNOLD (S.C.).

3rd Speaker—Miss ROGERS (S.H.C.).

4M Speaker—Miss WALKER (S.H.H.).

The Hon. Mover in an interesting speech dwelt at considerable length on the various causes which underlie the movement of rural depopulation.

She showed how the "Call of the Town" draws men and women from the country, where, according to her, life is one long series of discomforts, dulness and hopelessness. Love of excitement and desire for pleasure are characteristic features of our "Age," and are at the root of the migratory movement from country to town. The movement thus belongs to the "Age," and is therefore inevitable.

A clear and well-argued speech.

The Hon. Opposer pointed out that though the causes of rural depopulation are obvious and plentiful, yet it is possible to remedy them. For instance, agricultural depression and unemployment might be prevented by the policy of Protection and Small Holdings. She also suggested other schemes for bringing the country more into contact with the attractive side of town life, and so removing what was almost the principal cause of rural depopulation.

Miss Arnold has plenty of ideas, but pays far too much attention to her notes, and too little to her delivery, a rather common fault ; but it should be remembered that a good delivery is half the battle, and that the best speech is spoiled by a hurried or indistinct manner of speaking.

The 3rd .Speaker maintained that the sole way to prevent rural depopulation is by the policy of "small holdings." She proceeded to show that, without a new Doomsday. Book it would be impossible to provide such holdings, or, if provided, to cultivate them, The cry " Back to the Land " is a mere political war-cry. Like the Hon. Mover, Miss Rogers appealed to the "tendencies of the age " and the dulness of country life as being at the root of the evil.

3

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9

Miss Rogers made a good maiden speech, and backed up Miss Littlewood's arguments well.

The 4th Speaker declared it to be immoral to regard a movement as inevitable, until some method of preventing its progress has been tried.

Moreover she contended, the advantages of country life are as obvious as its disadvantages.

At present, indeed, there is a great dearth of housing, and it seems impossible to make farming pay ; but these evils might be overcome by the formation of Co-operative Societies, the introduction of new crops, &c.

Miss Walker spoke with refreshing optimism, and her speech carried conviction, which would have been considerably greater had she been more audible.

There spoke in Public Discussion :—Miss DvmoND (S.C.), Miss CARR (ex-Pres., L.M.H.), the Hon. Mover, the 3rd and 4th Speakers, Miss Miss HUNTER (S.C.), Miss IBBERSEN MERIVALE (L.M.H.), and Miss MADGE (L.M.H.).

November 7th.—Motion : " That in the opinion of this House the tyranny of organised Labour is a grave menance to the industrial and social prosperity of the country."

Hon. Mover—Miss SCOTT-SCOTT (S.C.).

Hon. Opposer—Miss GODwIN (S.H.C.).

3rd Speaker—Miss BRIGHT (London Union Society).

414 Speaker— Miss JAMES (London Union Society).

The Hon. Mover began by speaking of the relation between employer and employee as that between buyer and seller. While all must approve of union between employees in theory, in practice it means a tyranny to both parties. Moreover, unions cannot be said to he truly representative. The proportion of non-unionists to unionists in the last strike of railway-men was eleven to one. She described the ways and methods of the so-called " Peaceful picketing," and summed up the influence of unions as being detrimental in three ways. (r) They tend to prevent new businesses being established.

(2) They drive industries from England.

(3) They alienate capital.

Lastly—working-men do not want trades unions.

Miss Scott-Scott should cultivate a more fluent manner. Her speech was rather unconvincing owing to her hesitating delivery, though it contained several good points.

The Hon. Opposer's opposition was brisk and forcible. She opened her speech with a statement that organisation of labour is essential, and that its absence would 'mean chaos ;—that trades unions in their best sense are educative to the labouring classes, that they stand for co-operation, sympathy,

THE FRITILLARY.

Io

common aims, interest of classes—instead of individuals, &c. Without them, how could labourers' wrongs meet redress ? The fear of a general strike now prevalent, she thought, was unfounded.

Strikes have brought about many good results in the past. What we need is a sympathetic spirit.

A vigorous and interesting speech.

The 3rd Speaker stated that the point we have to consider is not the rights of existence of trades unions (we all allow that) but their rights to supersede all other rights. It is all a question of proportion. Trades unions are a minority.

Should they not show consideration for other minorities ? What is the nature of the menace they offer? It is a menace to the free labourer, to the employer, to the peaceful owner of property, to the private individual. Should the members of one trade strike, many, if not all, other trades suffer. What did the strikers want ? Mainly a rise in the standard of wages. Is a rise in the standard of wages any advantage ? Cost of living will rise proportionately, and can we with prudence encourage this in our own people with the ever-increasing menace of Chinese labour, which is cheap because the Chinese have a less costly standard of living ? In most strikes men outrun their leaders. They forget the claims of the capitalist, his delayed returns, his continuous risks and frequent losses. The trades unions of the men add a new discouragement and menace to capitalists.

Miss Bright showed an exhaustive knowledge of her subject and is an interesting speaker—making her points clearly and forcibly.

The 4th Speaker took up the opposition with some statements as to the necessity and ethics of trades unions. The past teaches us, she said, that in every case good has resulted from the subordination of personal freedom to general freedom, and that the individual has soon been compensated for his temporary sacrifice. She pointed out the way in which all share in the benefits gained by the efforts of the few (the trade-unionist few).

Contrast the supposed tyranny of organised labour with the tyranny of unorganised labour, and its accompanying evils—such as sweating for instance.

Where abuses occur in the trade union system, they arise, not from the strength or undue growth of trades unions, but from their weakness. Make trades unions more powerful, so that they can enforce all their decrees, and force all labourers into their society, and all tyranny will cease.

In a later speech during public discussion, Miss James spoke of the average amount of work being all an employer could expect from a number of men all receiving an average wage.

Miss Bright found an able opponent in Miss James, who, like the 3rd Speaker, had evidently studied her subject deeply, and made the best use of her knowledge.

In Public Discussion there spoke :—Miss BISDEE •

(S.H.H.), Miss B ICKMORE (ex-Sec., S.H.C.), Miss LEVETT (ex-Pres., L M.H. and S.H.H.), NESS SANDBERG (0.H S.), Miss GILES (S.H.C.).

At the close of the meeting the President gave notice that Mrs. 'l'oynbee had been elected an Hon. Member of the Society.

November 2 LSI. — Public Business. — Motion : "That in the opinion of this House the appreciation of comedy belongs to a higher grade of civilization than the appreciation of tragedy."

Hon Mover—Miss KEELING (ex-Sec., S.H.H.).

Hon. Opposer—Miss HOMERSHAM 3rd Speaker—Miss NAPIER (O.H.S.).

4th Speaker—Miss JEBB (L.M.H.).

The Hon. Mover gave us a very interesting opening speech. She began by asking whether either tragedy or comedy had anything to do with civilization. An individual certainly feels most ready for comedy when most civilized, since while laughter is indulged in in public, tears are kept for privacy.

The acceptance of the motion leads to the admission that there has been a state of Society in which tragedy was appreciated, but not comedy. This is indeed tha case with many primitive tribes.

The audience of a tragedy is expected to merge itself into the sensations of the actors ; the audience of a comedy is expected to stand aloof, and criticise. This last attitude is impossible to a tribe of savages, to whom their drama is momentous, and with whom the fear of their gods is continually present. Civilization brings in its train the freedom from this fear, and moreover a great attention to external detail, which the savage had not. Thus arises an interest in things which are ,not matters of life and death, and also courage to laugh, on occasion, at matters which are of life and death. Tragedy belongs to all times, and all grades of civilization, because it goes to the bottom of things. Self-criticism, and the qualities which make comedy possible, come later.

It is always a pleasure to hear ex-officers of the Society speak. Miss Keeling gave us an excellent clearly-argued speech, and her delivery in every way left nothing to be desired._ The Hon. Opposer replied by tracing comedy back to its source in Greek, with the revels of the god Dionysus. Tragedy, she said, was the man walking upright. Comedy was "Father William."

The works of Aristophanes then were inverted tragedy. To them listened the same audiences who heard the plays of Sophocles. Which were the more appreciated, and by whom ? Undoubtedly the rabble preferred Aristophanes, while the educated few, such as Aristotle, preferred the tragedies. The production of comedy, and specially of the comedy of manners, has always gone hand in hand with social decadence, and

THE FRITILLARY. political rottenness. Examples of this can be seen in Greece, in England, and in France.

Indeed a society that can find its chief interest in comedy must be in an unstable condition.

Miss Homersham is to be congratulated on a truly brilliant speech. Unfortunately the delivery did not come up to the matter, and much of the effect of her arguments was lost owing to the rapidity and indistinctness with which she spoke.

The 3rd Speaker began by stating that the incongruous is the essence of the comic. Tragedy indeed affects us more instantaneously, and makes its appeal to a higher side of our nature. But in watching comedy our activity of mind is twofold—we compare what is presented with what we know to be the standard. Appreciation of comedy then implies a knowledge of that standard.

Comedy deals with man in Society. Society is the product of civilization. Comedy aims at pointing out and correcting the faults of society, either directly, or indirectly, by means of irony.

Comedy needs a high state of civilization to provide its material, as well as to appreciate it.

Tragedy, on the other hand, could and does arise wherever a man of that particular type and genius is found.

Miss Napier made a very promising maiden speech. She speaks fluently, and makes her points clearly and well. We hope to hear her again.

The 4th Speaker stated that the true appreciation of tragedy could only belong to a very high state of civilization, since in lower states it would be purely emotional, and not spiritual or intellectual.

The Proposers took it for granted that we, at the present day, are in a high state of civilization.

But are we ? Only in a high state of civilization can we see life largely, and surely the tragic fact is the greatest element in life. Only an educated society can see passion through thought.

It is the merely emotional side of tragedy which attracts savage tribes, and,, indeed, the same holds good for modern audiences.

Finally, she appealed to the House to oppose the motion, in spite of the fact, that doing so involved the admission that we, of our own day, are not in a high state of civilization.

Miss Jebb spoke with vigour and conviction, and backed Miss Homersham effectively in an original and well thought out speech.

There -spoke in Public Discussion :—The Hon. Mover, the Hon. Opposer, the 3rd Speaker, Miss MISS JAMISON (ex-Sec., L.M.H.), SEGAR Miss LEVETT (ex-Pres., L.M.H. and S.H.H.), Miss BICKMORE (ex-Sec., S. H .C. ), Miss SKRINE (L. M. H.), Miss NORDENFELT (S. H.H.), MISS IBBERSEN (S.H.C.), Miss Freire MARRECO (ex-Pres., L.M.H. and S.C.), Miss MUSCOTT (S.H.C.), Miss CHALLONER (L.M.H.), Miss ODLUM (fun. Treas., S.H.H.), Miss AINSLIE (S.H.H.), Miss FITZ RANDOLPH (S.H. H.).

•

There voted for the motion, 88 ; Against, 47.

The House showed throughout the Debate its appreciation of a change from the usual political subjects, by the uniform excellence of the set speeches, and by the vigour of the Public Discussion.

'Hews of the term.

THERE have been few public functions of much interest this term. One most obvious exception, however, is Dr. Nansen's Lecture. But, though it is a privilege to have heard him, one cannot help regretting that the subject-matter of the lecture was so much a matter of scholarly research, and so little dependent on the personal experiences of the lecturer himself.

So far the most popular programme at the Theatre this term has ,peen that of the D'Oyly Carte Company. As usual the Gilbert and Sullivan Operas have proved very attractive to theatre-goers, who are now looking forward with a different kind of pleasure to the ever-welcome visit of Miss Horniman's Company, which is giving us " Widowers' Houses," " Mollentrave on Women," and " Strife."

It was a great disappointment that Miss Ellen Terry was unable to give her lecture on Shakespeare's Heroines.

Music lovers are exceptionally fortunate this term in the visits of Kreisler, Mischa Elman, and others ; while the Bach Choir is to have the privilege of being conducted by Sir Edward Elgar.

SOMERVILLE and Lady Margaret have both cause for regret in the loss of Miss Lees and Miss Myers. We have, however, great pleasure in welcoming Miss Hayes-Robinson and Miss Spens in their places.

Somerville is especially to be congratulated this term on the residence of The Fellow, Miss Freire Marreco.

Ogforb Ztubents' Central tennis Club.

ON October 18th, Miss Austin (L.M.H.), was elected Secretary ; Miss Mason (S.C.), Treasurer, of the O.S.L.T.C. At a Test held on October 25th, Miss Tree (S.C.) was elected a member ; and Miss Bar-

THE FRITILLARY.

12

tholomew (O.H.S.), Miss Holloway (S.H.H), Miss Prior (S.C.), and Miss Skipworth (L.M.H.), associates of the Central.

The play throughout, with one exception, was of a very low level, in spite of the large number of entries.

On November 3rd, a match (2 couples) was played against the Old Students. The result was a draw-2 matches all.

DORIS AUSTIN (Sec.).

Saturday, .juice 24th. v. CAMBRIDGE. Played at Oxford.

Result Oxford won by 7 matches to 2.

OXFORD

:

Oxford's easy victory came as a considerable surprise, as Cambridge had won the event for the past ten years. Oxford made a most successful start by winning all three matches in the first round. The match between the Oxford and Cambridge first couples was watched with great interest by the spectators. The excellent length and accurate placing of Mis9 Kenyon-Stow's drives gave Miss de Putron frequent opportunities for scoring at the net. The Oxford pair established the lead of a sett before the Cambridge couple got into their game. The second sett was closely contested, but the good combination of the former couple ultimately proved successful.

The play of the Cambridge second and third couples was disappointing, and they were defeated

by Oxford with the loss of only one sett. The Cambridge third couple were substitutes.

Miss Ingram and Miss Hettey defeated the Oxford second and third pairs, but only with considerable difficulty. Miss Wadsworth's excellent service and effective net-play attracted much interest, and gave great trouble to her opponents.

The Oxford third couple played strenuously, and at times even brilliantly, but their lack of steadiness was the chief cause of their defeat by the Cambridge first couple.

Scores :

—

Miss Kenyon-Stow (Captain) and Miss de Putron (S.H.C.), beat Miss Ingram (Captain) and Miss Hettey, 6-2, 12—to ; beat Miss Bugby and Miss Selby, 6—i, 6—o ; beat Miss Thomson and Miss McHardy, 6-2, 6—i.

Miss Wadsworth •(S.C.) and Miss Doncaster (S.H.H.), lost to Miss Ingrain and Miss Hettey, 9-1 1, 6-3, 5-7 ; beat Miss Bugby and Miss Selby, 6-2, 6—o ; beat Miss Thomson and Miss McHardy, 6-2, 6-3.

Miss Latham and Miss Kirk (S.C.), lost to Miss Ingram and Miss Hettey, 6—o, 3-6 ; beat Miss Bugby and Miss Selby, 3-6, 6-2, 6-4 ; beat Miss Thomson and Miss McHardy, 6-1, 6—z.

Thursday, June 29th.

OXFORD

v. LONDON UNITED COLLEGES.

Played at Royal Holloway College.

Oxford won by 5 matches to 4.

This match was closely contested, and would have resulted in a defeat for Oxford but for the unexpected victory of Miss Wadsworth and Miss Doncaster over the London second couple. The Oxford first pair won all three matches without the loss of a sett, but this success was counterbalanced by the defeat of the third couple in all their matches. The Oxford second pair lost to the London first pair, and beat the London third pair, thus bringing the game "all square." Defeat for Oxford seemed probable as the London second couple were considerably stronger than their first pair, but Miss Wadsworth and Miss Doncaster rose to the occasion. In spite of the bad light and drizzling rain they played brilliantly. Their success gave Oxford the final victory by 5 matches to 4.

Players : 1st couple.—Miss Kenyon-Stow and Miss de —

Putron (S.H.C.).

2nd couple.—Miss Wadsworth (S.C.) and Miss Doncaster (S.H.H.).

3rd couple.—Miss Kirk (S.C.) and Miss Austin* (L.M. H.). * Substitute.

Ogtorb Stubentz' tiniteb 'boatel? Club.

November 9th.

UNITED v. LONDON UNIVERSITY. Played at L.M.H. \Von 9-2.

This match was not nearly so uneven as the score would indicate. For the first twenty minutes London pressed considerably, and were only kept from scoring by Miss Mason's splendid goalkeeping. After that, Oxford got together, and it was soon seen that they were much the faster team. There was some good combination, and also clever individual play among the forwards, who have been greatly strengthened by the addition of Miss Matson and Miss Tree. Miss Skipworth is also a great help to the half-line.

During the second half, Oxford had the game much more in their own hands, and scored five times during the last half-hour, without letting their opponents have a single goal.

The team should do well this year, if it could overcome the fatal habit of failing to get together for the first fifteen or twenty minutes of the game.

13

THE FRITILLARY. TEAM V. LONDON. Goal: Miss Mason* (S.C.).

Backs : Misses Elder *, Newbolt' (L.M.H.) Halves: Misses Horner' (L.M.H.), Spink (S.H.C.), Skipworth (L.M.H.).

Fotwara's : Misses de Putron* (S.H.C.), Tree (4) *, Kirk (4) 1' (S.C.), Almond * (i), (O.H.S., Capt.), Matson (S.H.H.).

secure the continuance of the "Platform " by doing all in their power to further the sale. Those who are not able to take in the paper regularly, might at least make a point of buying The Standard when they want a newspaper to read in the train.

•

EMMELINE PAXTON,

Hon. Sec. Oxford Sub-Committee.

* Colours.

bait 1Rotices. lbunbret) Moot.

THE meeting of the Hundred Moot for the Michaelmas Term was held in S. Hilda's Hall, on Friday, November 3rd. Miss Levett, President for the year 1911-12, being in the chair. Miss Sidgwick, of Birmingham University, read an interesting and amusing paper on "The Mirror of Fools," and, in the course of the evening, translated much of this delightful twelfthcentury satire. It is to be regretted that so few students were present to hear the lecture.

Ogfori) Vaomen's Students' Societp for TIUtomeit's .q.;uffrage.

THE first Suffrage Meeting held by this Society will be at Somerville, on November 3oth, when Mr. Grant Robertson has kindly promised an address on the " Effect of the Vote on the Industrial Position of Women."

The Sub-Committee think it wiser not to hold, as a rule, more than one united meeting in each term, in the hope that members will attend this in large and enthusiastic numbers. The Committee" would welcome from the Branch Societies, early in each term, any suggestions as to the topic of the address at the terminal meeting.

If this copy of the Fritillary reaches any Old Student, who has not already heard of the Oxford Women Students' Society for Women's Suffrage, she should apply for particulars to the Hon. Secretary (Miss Davies-Colley, Briarwood, Woking), who will welcome her as a member.

It is suggested that sales of Suffrage Literature might take place in the Branch Societies at the end of each term, so that members should know what papers and pamphlets are being published, and at what price, in case they have opportunites for propagation work in the vacation.

Now that " Woman's Platform " in The Standard provides a medium for the free and impartial discussion of all subjects connected with women's interests, it behoves all O.W.S.S.W.S. members to

LADY MARGARET HALL. POLITICAL DEBATE and SHARP PRACTICE (President, Miss JEBB ; Whips, Miss THOMSON and Miss NEWBOLT).—We have had two political debates this term.

Motions :—" That the. Government should legislate against the use of peaceful persuasion by the Trades Unions." " The Censorship of Plays shigulj be abolished."

Our " politicals " are not yet up to the standard that it is desirable they should reach, though several of the set speeches have been very promising.

Public Discussion is apt to resolve itself into silence, or to be conducted by only two or three members.

"Sharp Practice" can boast quite a brilliant record this term.

Motions :—" It is cheap to criticise." " It is profitable to Debate." " It is immoral to read other people's post-cards."

We have also passed a stimulating evening, at a real Sharp Practice, during which we discussed a variety of subjects—amongst others, the use of hot baths in these degenerate modern days, and the advantages of co-education.

There has been a great improvement both in the quality of the set speeches and in the conduct of Public Discussion. The First Years are especially to be congratulated on their courage in taking a part in debate, and on the possession of several extremely promising speakers amongst their numbers. It is greatly to be regretted that the Second Years—with one or two exceptions— take so little interest in both Political and Sharp Practice.

L.H.H. SETTLEMENT COMMITTEE (President, Miss HYETT ; Hon. Sec., Miss jEBB ; Hon. Treas., Miss WILKINSON ; Committee .Members, Miss MoBERLY, Miss HAKE).—The scheme, set afoot by the Hall, for the support of a permanent worker at the Settlement, has met with great success, and thanks to the generous assistance of Old Students, a sum amounting to more than the requisite .4.5o has been guaranteed for three years.

THE FRITILLARY.

14

Miss Pearson has been up this term to speak to us on work at the Settlement. We always enjoy her visits, and are very grateful to her for sparing us so much of her valuable time.

BOAT CLUB (Boat Secreta.'y, Miss BROWN).

Sculling—Captains: P. Marshall, G. Madge.

Canoeing--Captains : E. Calvert, M. Burton Half-Captains : E. Kennedy, M. Payne, M. Potter.

Punting—Captain : M. Newbolt ; Half-Captains: C. Morris, E. Kennedy.

Though only a few have qualified as yet, this term, there are a number of promising people who should get through quite soon. The standard for punting and canoeing is quite satisfactory, but it is to be hoped that sculling will improve this season. The style wants to be more natural, and the stroke quicker and stronger.

HOCKEY CLUB (Capiait M. L. ELDER ; *Hoot.

Sec., E. M. NEWBOLT).

Results of Matches.

1st XI. v. Old Students, won 7-2.

v. University College, Reading, won 6-1. v. Etceteras, not yet played.

2 nd XI. v. High School 2nd XI., lost 1-3. v. St. Hugh's College, scratched. v. Baker Street 1st XI., not yet played. v. Oxford Home Students, not yet played. v. Somerville 2nd XI., not yet played.

First XI. (provisional).

Forwards: Misses Calvert", Whitehorn*, Ward*, Challoner, Malleson*.

Halves : Misses Horner*, Austin*, Skipworth*.

Backs : Misses Elder*, Newbolt*.

Goal: Miss Esdaile*. * Colours.

•

Second XI. Forwards: Misses Wharam, Wilkinson, Bowden, Bishop, Watkinson.

Halves : Misses Eyre - Matcham, Irons, M'Gonigle.

Backs : Misses Heawood, Bodley.

Goal: Miss Leeper.

As usual, we have not had much opportunity of testing the powers of either of the elevens ; especially as the number of matches has been limited.

So far the first eleven has played two ; in both of which the defence showed itself the strongest part of the team, but there was some good shoot-.

ing from the forwards, whose chief fault is their lack of combination. It is hoped that this will be remedied next term, when they will have had more practise together.

We have had the advantage this term of one first and one second eleven practise a week against St. Hugh's, and if we can continue this next term it should help very considerably in pulling the team together. It is to be hoped tha't the other members of the club will take more advantage of it than they have hitherto done. They must remember that we can have no successful results in matches without regular attendance in practises.

Public spirit should come before personal inclination. ,

CONGRATULATIONS to Miss Powell on her First in English, and to Miss Payne on winning the English Essay Prize.

Freshers and their Schools.

E. Bodley, Orme Girls' School, Newcastle, Staffordshire.

D. I. Bowden, Queen Margaret's School, Scarborough.

M. Cattley, Winchester High School.

G. Crick, St. Margaret's, Bushey.

E. Davis, Pate's Grammar School for Girls, Cheltenham.

E. Denniston, Culcheth Hall, Bowden.

G. Edwards, Birkhampstead Grammar School.

E. Eyre-Matcham, Grassendale, Southbourne.

D. Gilliat, Queen Margaret's School, Scarborough.

S. M. Haggard, Roedean.

V. M. Harvey, Blackheath High School.

M. A. Herdsman, Lewisham Grammar School.

J. Jones, Surbiton High School.

M. Jarret, Wiston's School, Brighton.

A. Klein, late Student of Westfield College, London University.

F. Knight, Cheltenham Ladies' College.

E. Malleson, Wimbledon High School.

F. M'Currich, Clifton High School.

E. Moore, St. Felix, Southwold.

M. Skipworth. Queen Anne's School, Caversham.

M. S. Tidey, Beehive, Bexhill.

SOMERVILLE COLLEGE. BOAT CLUB (President, E. M. Octr...vrE; Secretary, S. B. M. HUNTER; Treasurer, S. M. RYLAND). The result of the Half-Term test was as follows :— Half-Captains. ist Class—A. D. Skinner +.

M. Giles - .

THE FRITILLAR\.

2nd Class—R. M. Hughes + +.

D. Sabin +.

E. K. Thomas.

K. Menke.

G. Caleb –.

3rd Class—G. Woodhead + +.

D. R. Strath.

M. Cottorell.

S. E. Jerrold – .

The Third Year presented the Club with a new boat in place of the Symmoria. The boat was christened Trelawney, and the ceremony was performed by Miss Skinner on November loth, in the presence of a large crowd of members.

Trelawney's crew on the occasion of her maiden voyage were as follows : E. M. Ogilvie, M. Giles, R. S. S. Whyte, A. D. Skinner, M. A. Sutcliffe.

HOCKEY CLUB (Captain, R. WHYTE Captain, P. MASON surer, E. EAST).

;

ViceSecretary, M. KIRK; Trea;

First XI. Forwards : Elligott, Tree, Kirk, 'Fisher, East.

Halves : Evans, R. Whyte, Hollowell.

Backs : Latham, Prior.

Goal: Mason.

Second XI. Forwards: Wilson, Lewis, Arnold, Macalister,

Waller. _Halves : Kidner, Hume, Leys.

Backs : M. C. Scott, Hodges.

Goal: Hughes.

The Third XI. is not yet settled.

Matches.

First XI. v. Reading University College. Won

0 — .

v. Old Students. Won r o—r. v. Scarlet Runners. Won 7-3. v. Bedford Physical Training College. Not yet played.

A Team v. Games' Club I. Not yet played.

Second XI.

v. Oxford Home Students. Scratched. v. North Oxford I. Not yet played. v. St. Hugh's College II. Not yet played. v. Lady Margaret Hall. Not yet played.

Third XI. v. Games' Club II. Not yet played. v. North Oxford II. Not yet played.

Thanks to the generosity of the Principal, the Club has received two coachings from Miss Johnson, the effects of which can already be seen in the improved combination and the increased decision and accuracy of play.

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.—MISS Penrose read a most interesting paper on " Trajan's Column," illustrated by lantern slides. The subject, though neither literary nor philosophical, proved to be one of great interest, and was greatly appreciated by members of the Society. Professor Gilbert Murray has kindly consented to read a paper on " Some People who were in advance of their Time," with special reference to Mary Woolstonecraft and Day. In the temporary absence of Miss Gerrard, Miss Sutcliffe has been elected as a circle leader.

PARLIAMENT (Prime Minister, D. M. THORPE, Esq. ; Leader of the Opposition, S. M. RYLAND, Esq.). At the beginning of term the Liberals were returned to power with a greatly reduced majority.

Before the House turned its attention to*the serious business of the evening, the member for Hammersmith (U.) asked the First Lord of the Admiralty for information concerning the launching of the new Dreadnought, and complained that the Rt. Hon. gentleman had only provided the Leader of the Opposition with accommodation in a gun-boat of an obsolete type. A question was also asked concerning the intentions of the Government with regard to the proposed Manhood Suffrage Bill. Both question and answer seemed somewhat obscure to the rank and file of the House.

The Speaker then called on the Prime Minister to introduce the Bill for Housing and Town. Planning. In his speech he pointed out that all sections of the House were agreed as to the need for reform, that existing legislation was sufficient to meet this need, but that administrative facilities were lacking. The main object of the Bill was therefore to force local authorities to put into practice the Housing Acts which already existed.

The Leader of the Opposition answered with his usual fluency and sound common sense. He maintained that sufficient time had not elapsed since the passing of the Housing Act of 1909 to test its efficiency, and that the time was not yet ripe for the measure which was before the House, dealing as it did solely with administration.

The Bill was then read a second time, and the House went into Committee. The first speaker was D. Dymond, Esq. (L.), who in support of the first two clauses which provided for a special Housing Department of the Local Government Board, urged the need for increased specialisation both in local and central authorities, and closer contact between the two. He was opposed by L. P. Scott, Esq. (U.), who brought forward an amendment for the establishment of an Advisory Council. A heated debate followed, in which surprising ignorance of the personnel of the Local Government Board was displayed by several

THE FRITILLARY. Unionist members. In the voting which followed, the amendment was lost by three votes, and the first two clauses were passed.

The debate then proceeded on a rather more even level, but was enlivened by the expulsion of a stranger from the floor of the House, who was removed by the clerks to the Strangers' Gallery.

Excellent maiden speeches, dealing with the question of Municipal Land Purchase as opposed to Municipal Building, were made by M. Darwin, Esq. (L.) and R. Arnold, Esq. (U.).

There also spoke in support of the Bill, D. Sabin, Esq. (L.), I. V. White, Esq. (L.), and R. Whyte, Esq. (L.); and in opposition, D. J. Hollowell, Esq. (U.), D. Ranken, Esq. (U.), while, as usual, Sir M, R. Pope was ;he mainstay of the Front Opposition Bench, though on one occasion he was accused of distinctly Socialistic tendencies.

The Liberals accepted one Unionist amendment, providing for appeal to the President of the *Local Government Board in certain contingencies,-but, with this exception, the Bill passed through the Committee stage without alteration.

CONGRATULATIONS to Miss Dixon and Miss E. Whyte on their Firsts in English ; to Miss Pantin and Miss de Zouche on their Firsts in French ; to Miss Warschauer on her First in German ; and Miss Sheepshanks on her First in History.

We also heartily congratulate Miss Kirk on having won the Sidgwick Prize for Latin Prose.

NEW STUDENTS. V. E. Bostock, Stafford Girls' High School.

K. Clay, Dover Street High School, Manchester.

M. F. Ellis, Leinster House, Leinster Gafdens, W. G. Evans, East Liverpool School (G.P.D.S.T.).

V. Farnell, 'The Laurels, Rugby.

E. C. Fisher, The Mount School, York.

E. M. Fletcher, The Grove School, Highgate, N. W. S. Haythorne, Belvedere School (G.P.D.S.T.), late Liverpool High School.

K. W. Horner, St. Paul's Girls' School.

M. G. Jarvis, The High School, Monmouth.

R. G. Kidner, Dorchester School, Dorset.

R. E. A. King, Brynmawr College, Pennsylvania.

M. D. R. Leys, Private Tuition.

E. Moorhouse, Girls' Grammar School, Shipton.

A. C. Prior, St. Felix School, Southwold.

E. L. Smith, Royal Victoria College, McGill University, Montreal.

G. Spencer Wilkinson, Kensington High School.

L. Thompson, Bedales School, Petersfield.

V. H. S. Tilley, Blackheath High School.

M. F. Wilson, Mount School, York.

M. C. Wrong, Havergal College, Toronto, Canada.

ST. HUGH'S COLLEGE. TENNIS CLUB (Captain, E. DE PUTRON ; Secretary, D. G. LAwsoN-LEWIS). The two following

matches at the end of last term completed a most successful season. (r) V. S. Mary's, Paddington (3 couples).

Played at Oxford. Won by 8 matches to I. (2) v. Westfield College (r couple). Played at Westfield. Won in 3 straight setts :-6-4, 7-5, 6-3.

E. de Putron has been elected Captain of the O.S.C.T.C. During the vacation the Tennis Court has been re-laid. The result is most satisfactory.

BOAT CLUB (Captain, D. THOMAS ; Secretary, E. ROECHLING). In spite of slightly diminished numbers the Boat Club continues to be one of the most popular College institutions. Only seven of the First Year have so far done the necessary swimming test, but we hope for better things as spring approaches. A systematic overhauling and cleaning of the boats has been arranged for, and it is hoped that a method has been found by which the mysterious and continual disappearance of boat-house keys may be checked.

HOCKEY CLUB (Captain, L. V. SOUTHWELL ; DE PUTRON ; ,Hon. Secretary, E. ROECHLING). The First Year have contributed

Vice-Captain, E.

some promising players to the team, and last year's vacancies are satisfactorily filled with the exception of right back ; but we hope to discover a hidden talent for this place somewhere among the six forwards, all of whom, are up to 1st XI. standard. The forward line needs to be much more active in the circle. Miss de Putron, right wing, and Miss Spink, centre half, played in the United match against London. Our weekly practise with Lady Margaret Hall 1st. XI. has been an advantage to the team, as we find it difficult to raise 22 players in a practise.

We have only had one match so far, v. Etceteras, won 10-2. The team was as follows :— Forwards: Misses Horne, Muscott, Addison, de Putron, Chappel.

Halves : Misses Southwell, Spink, Potts.

Backs: Misses Homersham, Gwynne.

Goal : Miss Lawson-Lewis.

The 2nd XI. has practised with Lady Margaret Hall 2nd this term. The team playing in the match against them on Monday, November 2 oth, is as follows :— Forwards: Misses Richmond, King, Phillips, Whitfeild, May. Halves : Misses Blades, Selby, Marshall.

Backs : Misses Margoliouth, Homersham.

Goal : Miss Giles.

THE FRITILLARY. PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY (President, Miss JOURDAIN ; Committee Members, MISS SOUTHWELL, Miss SUTTON).—The Society has varied its usual pro-

gramme, by a series of papers on " Questions of the Day." At the first three meetings papers were read by Miss Jourdain on French Syndicalism, by Miss Ady on Socialism, and by Miss Greenwood on Anarchism. These are to be followed by a paper on Fatalism by Miss Keeling, and one on Mysticism. The meetings have as usual been well-attended, both by seniors and freshers.

SHARP PRACTICE (President, E. M. LiwroN ; Secretary, L. V. SOUTHWELL). —It is difficult to say much about the Society this terni, as from causes frivolous and otherwise, only two meetings out of four have as yet been held. At these a good deal of interest has been shown on the problem of the relative advantages, or disadvantages, of being a fool and of looking one, and on the comparative strength of the better man and the better cause. The First Year have already begun to take their part in discussion, and promise well for the future.

CONGRATULATIONS to Miss Gordon on her First in Greats, and to Miss Bebb on her First in Jurisprudence. Miss Bebb is the only woman student who has ever attained this distinction in Jurisprudence. Congratulations also to Miss Rogers for having won the Margaret Evans' Prize.

NEW STUDENTS.

D. F. H. Chappel, Worcester High School (scholar).

0. M. Potts, Queen Anne's School, Caversham (scholar).

L. E. Ould, B.Sc., Liverpool University.

E. M. R. Bradshaw, S. Anne's, Abbots Bromley.

M. V. Gibson, Clapham High School.

A. E. Giles, S. Michael's, Bognor.

M. J. Greig, Clapham High School.

L. M. Higman, Exeter High School.

V. C. Horne, Worcester High School.

M. A. N. Marshall, Hamilton House, Tunbridge Wells.

V. C. Murray, Private Tuition.

P. B. Muscott, S. Anne's, Abbots Bromley.

A. Spink, The Laurels, Rugby.

•

17

ST. HILDA'S HALL. DEBATING SOCIETY (President, Miss ODLUM ; Vice-Pres., MISS WALKER; Secretary, Miss CORKE ; Hall Member, Miss ELLIOT-SMITH).—The Society is in a healthy condition and has met three times already this term.

The first meeting was held on October 21st and was confined to Private Business. The House discussed and adopted a new Constitution in place of the old one, which was lost.

The second meeting was held on November 4th.

The motion before the House was : " That in the opinion of this House the novelists of the last twenty years have made no advance on the psychology of the novelists of the early nineteenth century." The Proposer, Miss Chettle, and the Opposer, Miss Neve, vied with one another in ready wit and sound argument. Public Discussion was stimulated by the presence of several Old Students ; speeches were longer, connexions clearer, and duelling for once entirely absent. It is hoped that the precedent created by the visit of the Old Students will be keenly followed up.

The third meeting was held on November r4th, and took the form of a Sharp Practice. After a protracted burst of Private Business, the House discussed three motions, " That the highest duty in life is to amuse others," " That the howness of the which is only exceeded by the whyness of the what," and " That it is better to be an imperfect pig than a perfect lady." The first and third subjects became at moments intimately personal, but the high philosophic tone introduced by the second motion accorded well with the previous annals of the House. Miss Craven's speech in support of this motion marked an epoch in the history of pure mathematics. She gave directions for squaring the circle, quoted an exquisitely pertinent passage from T. H. Green, and showed that the stability of the British Empire hinged on this question. The Freshers played their part nobly, and the debate was on the whole quite entertaining.

ART CLUB (President, Miss NORDENFELT ; Secretary, Miss. MELLOR).—Last term it was decided, at Miss Burrows' suggestion, to alter the subject of the papers from Painting to Architecture; the change being welcomed with enthusiasm. Two most interesting papers have been read by Miss Ainslie and Miss Corke on Pre-Greek and Greek Architecture. Miss Odium's paper on Roman is still to come, and Miss Burrows has promised us one on Romanesque. On Saturday, Nov. i8th, an open meeting was held, at which Professor Gardner kindly gave a lecture on the " Relations between Architecture and Sculpture in Ancient Greece." The lecture was illustrated by a series of interesting lantern slides.

i8

THE FRITILLARY.

It is to be hoped that next term many more of the First Year will join the Club ; this term the number of new members was disappointing.

BOAT CLUB (President, MISS KEELING ; Captain, MISS NORDENFELT ; Vice-Captain, Miss O'LOUGHLIN).—Although many prominent members of the.

Boat Club have gone down, the number of its members has not decreased, as most of the first year students have already passed their swimming test and are showing considerable interest in river sports. The weather was not very favourable for boating the first part of the term, but ever since the weather has permitted the boat and punt have both been in constant use.

HOCKEY CLUB (Captain, M. B. CORKE ; ViceCaptain, C. M. CRAVEN ; Secretary, M. M. NEVE) .

—We felt at the end of last season that the time had come for us definitely to separate from the O.H.S., and.toassert our individuality. The step has been taken, and " the Combined " is no more.

We now have three practices weekly, two at our new ground at St. Cross, and one against O.H.S. at Summertown. A Freshers' match was played in the first week of term, which, in spite of the excessive heat, was an exciting game, and resulted in a victory for the First Years. Matches are being arranged against the Witney Ladies, and New College Choir Boys. The Freshers are promising, individually, but have not yet learnt how to combine well. Miss Metson is a great acquisition on the left wing, and is to be congratulated on playing in the United v. London Match.

RIFLE CLUB (Captain, Miss O'LOUGHLIN).— The Club now numbers seventeenmembers, nearly all of whom have joined this term. We are most grateful to Miss Tomlinson for her kindness in coaching beginners.

We held our first Spoon Competition on Friday, November 24th.

NEW STUDENTS. M. S. Aslin, Polam Hall, Darlington.

A. Baumgartner, Polam Hall, Darlington.

A. E. Bowler, Clarina College, Hoylake.

S. W. Davis, Brynmawr College, U.S.A. H. FitzRandolph, Havergall College, Toronto, and Lausaune.

K. Gurner (Scholar), City of London School.

M. Holloway, Croydon High School.

M. Lenanton, Ladies' College, Cheltenham.

P. N. Wilshere (Hay Scholar), Ladies' College, Cheltenham..

R. Matson (Exhibitioner), Reading High School.

D. White, Reading High School.

L. Retallack, Church of England College, Edgbaston.

E. Russell, Wyggeston High School, Leicester.

K. Scott, The Downs School, Seaford.

A. Staniforth, S. Hampstead High School.

A. D. Thompson, Bp. Strachan School, Toronto, and St. Mary's College, Paddington.

M. Warren,, Brighton and Hove High School.

M. Wilkinson, Liverpool High School.

OXFORD HOME STUDENTS. COMMON Room.—We have enlarged our premises this term by taking over and furnishing one of the small rooms on the top floor at i6 Ship Street. It is a great advantage to have an extra room for meetings and work, secure from interruption.

TENNIS CLUB.—The membership has increased considerably, and considerable keenness has been shown by the members. The First Year members are quite promising, and the courts have only been vacant on wet afternoons.

Miss Bartholomew is the only member who was tested for the Central Club, and was accepted as an associate.

•

HOCKEY

THE LITERARY SOCIETY (President, MISS NEVE ; Secretary, Miss BRIGHT).—This term we are read-

ing and discussing Modern English Poetry. Miss Neve read an extremely interesting paper on " Swinburne " at the first meeting on Wednesday, October 25th. The next meeting will be held on November 24th, when Miss Bisdee will read a paper on " Austin Dobson."

We are glad to welcome a large number of new members among the First Years.

CLUB

(Captain, MISS

ANDERSON ;

Secretary, Miss WAYTE).—The Hockey Club is

in a flourishing condition, as far as numbers go, which augurs well for the future, for we are no longer " combined " as regards Cup matches, though combination is still our chief aim.

The Club ties have been changed, and our colours now are green, pink and white.

The results of matches played so far are as follows :Etceteras, lost 7-3.

Old Students, won 5-3.

High School, lost 7—I.

THE FRITILLARY.

First XI. West ; Doussin, Thurston ; Robin, Anderson, Wayte ; Purcell, Hastrich, Almond, Barclay, Goodeve.

Second XI. Richard ; Borneman, Goldenblatt ; Evans, Clarke, Fenter ; Whitney, Shepherd, Nadler, Ivers, Prendergast.

CONGRATULATIONS to Sister Mary Aquinas on winning the German Essay Prize.

NEW STUDENTS.

Michaelmas Term, 191 I. Miry Baker, M.A., Melbourne University.

Phyllis M. Batt, Wycombe Abbey School.

Helen Case, S. Felix School, Southwold.

Jessie A. Caughey, Ph.B., Oberlin College, Ohio, U.S.A. Anna Church, A.B., State University of Nebraska, U.S.A. Monica Clark, Convent of the Holy Child Jesus, S. Leonards-on-Sea. Florence E. R. Clarke, Ladies' College, Cheltenham.

Clara L. Dixon, Kindergarten Institute, Chicago University.

Charlotte Doussin, Moravian School, Gradenburg, Beatrice H. M. Dove, At Home.

Frances M. Fenter, Leamington Municipal Girls' School.

Elizabeth Frauzem, Strassburg University.

Zenalde Goldenblatt, Westcombe,' Brighton.

Hilda Howell, Lawnside,' Great Malvern.

(Mrs.) Mary M. Higgins, private education, America.

Vera K. Isaac, University College, London.

Helen L. Ivers, State Normal School, Framlingham, Mass. U.S.A.

19

Elsie Kenway, Convent H.C.J., Cavendish Square, W.

M. M. Kirk (Sister Mary Kentigern), Convent of Daughters of the Cross, Carshalton.

Elizabeth M. Lancaster, Academie Sainte Croix, Fribourg, Switzerland.

(Mrs.) Mary L. Lodge, Brantford College, Canada.

J. Lynch (Mother Mary S. Luke), Convent of H.C.J., Neuilly.

Bernice S. McFie, Milham Ford School, Oxford.

Gladys NI. Marten, Ladies' College, Cheltenham.

Marion L. Miller, Ladies' College, Eastbourne.

Amelie H. J. Monod, Ecole Normale Superieure, Sevres.

Gildie Moran, Convent H.C.J., Mayfield.

Frances C. D. Moriarty, S. Mary's Convent, Cambridge.

A. Murphy (Mother Mary Celestine), Convent •H.C.J.. Blackpool.

Martha Nadler, Katholisches Institut, Freiburg.

Hilda A. S. Perry, Bedford College..

Elizabeth M. Purcell, S. Mary's Priory, Princethorpe.

Yvonne Ratoret, Lycee, Bordeaux.

Lucie Richard, Cours Florian,' Bourg la Reine.

Myrtle Fitz H. Roberts, A.B., Nebraska University, U.S.A. Iris V. M. Roper, Convent of Sacred Heart, Brighton.

Monica Russell, Convent H. C. J., Cavendish Square, W. Alice Schmidt, Private School, Baronesse V. D. Howen.

Grace M. A. Shepherd, S. Margaret's, Bushey.

Jessie L. Sherman, B.A., Wellesley College, Mass.

U.S.A. Annie Shilvock, B.A., University College, Aberystwyth.

Agnes U. Thurston, Convent H.C.J., S. Leonardson-Sea. Mildred F. N. West, Ladies' College, Cheltenham.

Josephine Whitn ey, Radcliffe College, U.S.A.

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